1 /*=========================================================================
4 Module: $RCSfile: gdcmPixelReadConvert.cxx,v $
6 Date: $Date: 2005/10/20 07:38:08 $
7 Version: $Revision: 1.81 $
9 Copyright (c) CREATIS (Centre de Recherche et d'Applications en Traitement de
10 l'Image). All rights reserved. See Doc/License.txt or
11 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/Public/Gdcm/License.html for details.
13 This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
14 the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
15 PURPOSE. See the above copyright notices for more information.
17 =========================================================================*/
19 #include "gdcmPixelReadConvert.h"
20 #include "gdcmDebug.h"
22 #include "gdcmGlobal.h"
24 #include "gdcmDocEntry.h"
25 #include "gdcmRLEFramesInfo.h"
26 #include "gdcmJPEGFragmentsInfo.h"
29 #include <stdio.h> //for sscanf
34 //bool ReadMPEGFile (std::ifstream *fp, void *image_buffer, size_t lenght);
35 bool gdcm_read_JPEG2000_file (void* raw,
36 char *inputdata, size_t inputlength);
37 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
38 #define str2num(str, typeNum) *((typeNum *)(str))
40 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
41 // Constructor / Destructor
43 PixelReadConvert::PixelReadConvert()
59 /// Canonical Destructor
60 PixelReadConvert::~PixelReadConvert()
65 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
68 * \brief Predicate to know whether the image[s] (once Raw) is RGB.
69 * \note See comments of \ref ConvertHandleColor
71 bool PixelReadConvert::IsRawRGB()
74 || PlanarConfiguration == 2
82 * \brief Gets various usefull informations from the file header
83 * @param file gdcm::File pointer
85 void PixelReadConvert::GrabInformationsFromFile( File *file )
87 // Number of Bits Allocated for storing a Pixel is defaulted to 16
88 // when absent from the file.
89 BitsAllocated = file->GetBitsAllocated();
90 if ( BitsAllocated == 0 )
95 // Number of "Bits Stored", defaulted to number of "Bits Allocated"
96 // when absent from the file.
97 BitsStored = file->GetBitsStored();
98 if ( BitsStored == 0 )
100 BitsStored = BitsAllocated;
103 // High Bit Position, defaulted to "Bits Allocated" - 1
104 HighBitPosition = file->GetHighBitPosition();
105 if ( HighBitPosition == 0 )
107 HighBitPosition = BitsAllocated - 1;
110 XSize = file->GetXSize();
111 YSize = file->GetYSize();
112 ZSize = file->GetZSize();
113 SamplesPerPixel = file->GetSamplesPerPixel();
114 //PixelSize = file->GetPixelSize(); Useless
115 PixelSign = file->IsSignedPixelData();
116 SwapCode = file->GetSwapCode();
117 std::string ts = file->GetTransferSyntax();
119 ( ! file->IsDicomV3() )
120 || Global::GetTS()->GetSpecialTransferSyntax(ts) == TS::ImplicitVRLittleEndian
121 || Global::GetTS()->GetSpecialTransferSyntax(ts) == TS::ImplicitVRBigEndianPrivateGE
122 || Global::GetTS()->GetSpecialTransferSyntax(ts) == TS::ExplicitVRLittleEndian
123 || Global::GetTS()->GetSpecialTransferSyntax(ts) == TS::ExplicitVRBigEndian
124 || Global::GetTS()->GetSpecialTransferSyntax(ts) == TS::DeflatedExplicitVRLittleEndian;
126 IsPrivateGETransferSyntax =
127 ( Global::GetTS()->GetSpecialTransferSyntax(ts) == TS::ImplicitVRBigEndianPrivateGE );
129 IsMPEG = Global::GetTS()->IsMPEG(ts);
130 IsJPEG2000 = Global::GetTS()->IsJPEG2000(ts);
131 IsJPEGLS = Global::GetTS()->IsJPEGLS(ts);
132 IsJPEGLossy = Global::GetTS()->IsJPEGLossy(ts);
133 IsJPEGLossless = Global::GetTS()->IsJPEGLossless(ts);
134 IsRLELossless = Global::GetTS()->IsRLELossless(ts);
136 PixelOffset = file->GetPixelOffset();
137 PixelDataLength = file->GetPixelAreaLength();
138 RLEInfo = file->GetRLEInfo();
139 JPEGInfo = file->GetJPEGInfo();
141 IsMonochrome = file->IsMonochrome();
142 IsMonochrome1 = file->IsMonochrome1();
143 IsPaletteColor = file->IsPaletteColor();
144 IsYBRFull = file->IsYBRFull();
146 PlanarConfiguration = file->GetPlanarConfiguration();
148 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
150 HasLUT = file->HasLUT();
153 // Just in case some access to a File element requires disk access.
154 LutRedDescriptor = file->GetEntryString( 0x0028, 0x1101 );
155 LutGreenDescriptor = file->GetEntryString( 0x0028, 0x1102 );
156 LutBlueDescriptor = file->GetEntryString( 0x0028, 0x1103 );
158 // The following comment is probabely meaningless, since LUT are *always*
159 // loaded at parsing time, whatever their length is.
161 // Depending on the value of Document::MAX_SIZE_LOAD_ELEMENT_VALUE
162 // [ refer to invocation of Document::SetMaxSizeLoadEntry() in
163 // Document::Document() ], the loading of the value (content) of a
164 // [Bin|Val]Entry occurence migth have been hindered (read simply NOT
165 // loaded). Hence, we first try to obtain the LUTs data from the file
166 // and when this fails we read the LUTs data directly from disk.
167 // \TODO Reading a [Bin|Val]Entry directly from disk is a kludge.
168 // We should NOT bypass the [Bin|Val]Entry class. Instead
169 // an access to an UNLOADED content of a [Bin|Val]Entry occurence
170 // (e.g. DataEntry::GetBinArea()) should force disk access from
171 // within the [Bin|Val]Entry class itself. The only problem
172 // is that the [Bin|Val]Entry is unaware of the FILE* is was
173 // parsed from. Fix that. FIXME.
176 file->LoadEntryBinArea(0x0028, 0x1201);
177 LutRedData = (uint8_t*)file->GetEntryBinArea( 0x0028, 0x1201 );
180 gdcmWarningMacro( "Unable to read Red Palette Color Lookup Table data" );
184 file->LoadEntryBinArea(0x0028, 0x1202);
185 LutGreenData = (uint8_t*)file->GetEntryBinArea(0x0028, 0x1202 );
188 gdcmWarningMacro( "Unable to read Green Palette Color Lookup Table data" );
192 file->LoadEntryBinArea(0x0028, 0x1203);
193 LutBlueData = (uint8_t*)file->GetEntryBinArea( 0x0028, 0x1203 );
196 gdcmWarningMacro( "Unable to read Blue Palette Color Lookup Table data" );
201 ComputeRawAndRGBSizes();
204 /// \brief Reads from disk and decompresses Pixels
205 bool PixelReadConvert::ReadAndDecompressPixelData( std::ifstream *fp )
207 // ComputeRawAndRGBSizes is already made by
208 // ::GrabInformationsFromfile. So, the structure sizes are
212 //////////////////////////////////////////////////
213 //// First stage: get our hands on the Pixel Data.
216 gdcmWarningMacro( "Unavailable file pointer." );
220 fp->seekg( PixelOffset, std::ios::beg );
221 if ( fp->fail() || fp->eof() )
223 gdcmWarningMacro( "Unable to find PixelOffset in file." );
229 //////////////////////////////////////////////////
230 //// Second stage: read from disk and decompress.
231 if ( BitsAllocated == 12 )
233 ReadAndDecompress12BitsTo16Bits( fp);
237 // This problem can be found when some obvious informations are found
238 // after the field containing the image data. In this case, these
239 // bad data are added to the size of the image (in the PixelDataLength
240 // variable). But RawSize is the right size of the image !
241 if ( PixelDataLength != RawSize )
243 gdcmWarningMacro( "Mismatch between PixelReadConvert : "
244 << PixelDataLength << " and RawSize : " << RawSize );
246 if ( PixelDataLength > RawSize )
248 fp->read( (char*)Raw, RawSize);
252 fp->read( (char*)Raw, PixelDataLength);
255 if ( fp->fail() || fp->eof())
257 gdcmWarningMacro( "Reading of Raw pixel data failed." );
261 else if ( IsRLELossless )
263 if ( ! RLEInfo->DecompressRLEFile( fp, Raw, XSize, YSize, ZSize, BitsAllocated ) )
265 gdcmWarningMacro( "RLE decompressor failed." );
271 //gdcmWarningMacro( "Sorry, MPEG not yet taken into account" );
273 // fp has already been seek to start of mpeg
274 //ReadMPEGFile(fp, Raw, PixelDataLength);
279 // Default case concerns JPEG family
280 if ( ! ReadAndDecompressJPEGFile( fp ) )
282 gdcmWarningMacro( "JPEG decompressor failed." );
287 ////////////////////////////////////////////
288 //// Third stage: twigle the bytes and bits.
289 ConvertReorderEndianity();
290 ConvertReArrangeBits();
291 ConvertFixGreyLevels();
292 if (UserFunction) // user is allowed to Mirror, TopDown, Rotate,...the image
293 UserFunction( Raw, FileInternal);
294 ConvertHandleColor();
299 /// Deletes Pixels Area
300 void PixelReadConvert::Squeeze()
316 * \brief Build the RGB image from the Raw image and the LUTs.
318 bool PixelReadConvert::BuildRGBImage()
322 // The job is already done.
328 // The job can't be done
335 // The job can't be done
339 gdcmWarningMacro( "--> BuildRGBImage" );
345 if ( BitsAllocated <= 8 )
347 uint8_t *localRGB = RGB;
348 for (size_t i = 0; i < RawSize; ++i )
351 *localRGB++ = LutRGBA[j];
352 *localRGB++ = LutRGBA[j+1];
353 *localRGB++ = LutRGBA[j+2];
357 else // deal with 16 bits pixels and 16 bits Palette color
359 uint16_t *localRGB = (uint16_t *)RGB;
360 for (size_t i = 0; i < RawSize/2; ++i )
362 j = ((uint16_t *)Raw)[i] * 4;
363 *localRGB++ = ((uint16_t *)LutRGBA)[j];
364 *localRGB++ = ((uint16_t *)LutRGBA)[j+1];
365 *localRGB++ = ((uint16_t *)LutRGBA)[j+2];
372 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
375 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
378 * \brief Read from file a 12 bits per pixel image and decompress it
379 * into a 16 bits per pixel image.
381 void PixelReadConvert::ReadAndDecompress12BitsTo16Bits( std::ifstream *fp )
382 throw ( FormatError )
384 int nbPixels = XSize * YSize;
385 uint16_t *localDecompres = (uint16_t*)Raw;
387 for( int p = 0; p < nbPixels; p += 2 )
391 fp->read( (char*)&b0, 1);
392 if ( fp->fail() || fp->eof() )
394 throw FormatError( "PixelReadConvert::ReadAndDecompress12BitsTo16Bits()",
395 "Unfound first block" );
398 fp->read( (char*)&b1, 1 );
399 if ( fp->fail() || fp->eof())
401 throw FormatError( "PixelReadConvert::ReadAndDecompress12BitsTo16Bits()",
402 "Unfound second block" );
405 fp->read( (char*)&b2, 1 );
406 if ( fp->fail() || fp->eof())
408 throw FormatError( "PixelReadConvert::ReadAndDecompress12BitsTo16Bits()",
409 "Unfound second block" );
412 // Two steps are necessary to please VC++
414 // 2 pixels 12bit = [0xABCDEF]
415 // 2 pixels 16bit = [0x0ABD] + [0x0FCE]
417 *localDecompres++ = ((b0 >> 4) << 8) + ((b0 & 0x0f) << 4) + (b1 & 0x0f);
419 *localDecompres++ = ((b2 & 0x0f) << 8) + ((b1 >> 4) << 4) + (b2 >> 4);
421 /// \todo JPR Troubles expected on Big-Endian processors ?
426 * \brief Reads from disk the Pixel Data of JPEG Dicom encapsulated
427 * file and decompress it.
428 * @param fp File Pointer
431 bool PixelReadConvert::ReadAndDecompressJPEGFile( std::ifstream *fp )
435 // make sure this is the right JPEG compression
436 assert( !IsJPEGLossless || !IsJPEGLossy || !IsJPEGLS );
437 // FIXME this is really ugly but it seems I have to load the complete
438 // jpeg2000 stream to use jasper:
439 // I don't think we'll ever be able to deal with multiple fragments properly
441 unsigned long inputlength = 0;
442 JPEGFragment *jpegfrag = JPEGInfo->GetFirstFragment();
445 inputlength += jpegfrag->GetLength();
446 jpegfrag = JPEGInfo->GetNextFragment();
448 gdcmAssertMacro( inputlength != 0);
449 uint8_t *inputdata = new uint8_t[inputlength];
450 char *pinputdata = (char*)inputdata;
451 jpegfrag = JPEGInfo->GetFirstFragment();
454 fp->seekg( jpegfrag->GetOffset(), std::ios::beg);
455 fp->read(pinputdata, jpegfrag->GetLength());
456 pinputdata += jpegfrag->GetLength();
457 jpegfrag = JPEGInfo->GetNextFragment();
459 // Warning the inputdata buffer is delete in the function
460 if ( ! gdcm_read_JPEG2000_file( Raw,
461 (char*)inputdata, inputlength ) )
465 // wow what happen, must be an error
470 // make sure this is the right JPEG compression
471 assert( !IsJPEGLossless || !IsJPEGLossy || !IsJPEG2000 );
472 // WARNING : JPEG-LS is NOT the 'classical' Jpeg Lossless :
473 // [JPEG-LS is the basis for new lossless/near-lossless compression
474 // standard for continuous-tone images intended for JPEG2000. The standard
475 // is based on the LOCO-I algorithm (LOw COmplexity LOssless COmpression
476 // for Images) developed at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories]
478 // see http://datacompression.info/JPEGLS.shtml
481 std::cerr << "count:" << JPEGInfo->GetFragmentCount() << std::endl;
482 unsigned long inputlength = 0;
483 JPEGFragment *jpegfrag = JPEGInfo->GetFirstFragment();
486 inputlength += jpegfrag->GetLength();
487 jpegfrag = JPEGInfo->GetNextFragment();
489 gdcmAssertMacro( inputlength != 0);
490 uint8_t *inputdata = new uint8_t[inputlength];
491 char *pinputdata = (char*)inputdata;
492 jpegfrag = JPEGInfo->GetFirstFragment();
495 fp->seekg( jpegfrag->GetOffset(), std::ios::beg);
496 fp->read(pinputdata, jpegfrag->GetLength());
497 pinputdata += jpegfrag->GetLength();
498 jpegfrag = JPEGInfo->GetNextFragment();
501 //fp->read((char*)Raw, PixelDataLength);
503 std::ofstream out("/tmp/jpegls.jpg");
504 out.write((char*)inputdata, inputlength);
509 gdcmWarningMacro( "Sorry, JPEG-LS not yet taken into account" );
510 fp->seekg( JPEGInfo->GetFirstFragment()->GetOffset(), std::ios::beg);
511 // if ( ! gdcm_read_JPEGLS_file( fp,Raw ) )
516 // make sure this is the right JPEG compression
517 assert( !IsJPEGLS || !IsJPEG2000 );
518 // Precompute the offset localRaw will be shifted with
519 int length = XSize * YSize * SamplesPerPixel;
520 int numberBytes = BitsAllocated / 8;
522 JPEGInfo->DecompressFromFile(fp, Raw, BitsStored, numberBytes, length );
528 * \brief Build Red/Green/Blue/Alpha LUT from File
529 * when (0028,0004),Photometric Interpretation = [PALETTE COLOR ]
530 * and (0028,1101),(0028,1102),(0028,1102)
531 * - xxx Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor - are found
532 * and (0028,1201),(0028,1202),(0028,1202)
533 * - xxx Palette Color Lookup Table Data - are found
534 * \warning does NOT deal with :
535 * 0028 1100 Gray Lookup Table Descriptor (Retired)
536 * 0028 1221 Segmented Red Palette Color Lookup Table Data
537 * 0028 1222 Segmented Green Palette Color Lookup Table Data
538 * 0028 1223 Segmented Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Data
539 * no known Dicom reader deals with them :-(
540 * @return a RGBA Lookup Table
542 void PixelReadConvert::BuildLUTRGBA()
545 // Note to code reviewers :
546 // The problem is *much more* complicated, since a lot of manufacturers
547 // Don't follow the norm :
548 // have a look at David Clunie's remark at the end of this .cxx file.
555 // http://www.barre.nom.fr/medical/dicom2/limitations.html#Color%20Lookup%20Tables
557 if ( ! IsPaletteColor )
562 if ( LutRedDescriptor == GDCM_UNFOUND
563 || LutGreenDescriptor == GDCM_UNFOUND
564 || LutBlueDescriptor == GDCM_UNFOUND )
566 gdcmWarningMacro( "(At least) a LUT Descriptor is missing" );
570 ////////////////////////////////////////////
571 // Extract the info from the LUT descriptors
572 int lengthR; // Red LUT length in Bytes
573 int debR; // Subscript of the first Lut Value
574 int nbitsR; // Lut item size (in Bits)
575 int nbRead; // nb of items in LUT descriptor (must be = 3)
577 nbRead = sscanf( LutRedDescriptor.c_str(),
579 &lengthR, &debR, &nbitsR );
582 gdcmWarningMacro( "Wrong Red LUT descriptor" );
584 int lengthG; // Green LUT length in Bytes
585 int debG; // Subscript of the first Lut Value
586 int nbitsG; // Lut item size (in Bits)
588 nbRead = sscanf( LutGreenDescriptor.c_str(),
590 &lengthG, &debG, &nbitsG );
593 gdcmWarningMacro( "Wrong Green LUT descriptor" );
596 int lengthB; // Blue LUT length in Bytes
597 int debB; // Subscript of the first Lut Value
598 int nbitsB; // Lut item size (in Bits)
599 nbRead = sscanf( LutRedDescriptor.c_str(),
601 &lengthB, &debB, &nbitsB );
604 gdcmWarningMacro( "Wrong Blue LUT descriptor" );
607 gdcmWarningMacro(" lengthR " << lengthR << " debR "
608 << debR << " nbitsR " << nbitsR);
609 gdcmWarningMacro(" lengthG " << lengthG << " debG "
610 << debG << " nbitsG " << nbitsG);
611 gdcmWarningMacro(" lengthB " << lengthB << " debB "
612 << debB << " nbitsB " << nbitsB);
614 if ( !lengthR ) // if = 2^16, this shall be 0 see : CP-143
616 if ( !lengthG ) // if = 2^16, this shall be 0
618 if ( !lengthB ) // if = 2^16, this shall be 0
621 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
623 if ( ( ! LutRedData ) || ( ! LutGreenData ) || ( ! LutBlueData ) )
625 gdcmWarningMacro( "(At least) a LUT is missing" );
629 // -------------------------------------------------------------
631 if ( BitsAllocated <= 8 )
633 // forge the 4 * 8 Bits Red/Green/Blue/Alpha LUT
634 LutRGBA = new uint8_t[ 1024 ]; // 256 * 4 (R, G, B, Alpha)
639 memset( LutRGBA, 0, 1024 );
642 if ( ( nbitsR == 16 ) && ( BitsAllocated == 8 ) )
644 // when LUT item size is different than pixel size
645 mult = 2; // high byte must be = low byte
649 // See PS 3.3-2003 C.11.1.1.2 p 619
653 // if we get a black image, let's just remove the '+1'
654 // from 'i*mult+1' and check again
655 // if it works, we shall have to check the 3 Palettes
656 // to see which byte is ==0 (first one, or second one)
658 // We give up the checking to avoid some (useless ?) overhead
659 // (optimistic asumption)
663 //take "Subscript of the first Lut Value" (debR,debG,debB) into account!
665 //FIXME : +1 : to get 'low value' byte
666 // Trouble expected on Big Endian Processors ?
667 // 16 BIts Per Pixel Palette Color to be swapped?
669 a = LutRGBA + 0 + debR;
670 for( i=0; i < lengthR; ++i )
672 *a = LutRedData[i*mult+1];
676 a = LutRGBA + 1 + debG;
677 for( i=0; i < lengthG; ++i)
679 *a = LutGreenData[i*mult+1];
683 a = LutRGBA + 2 + debB;
684 for(i=0; i < lengthB; ++i)
686 *a = LutBlueData[i*mult+1];
691 for(i=0; i < 256; ++i)
693 *a = 1; // Alpha component
699 // Probabely the same stuff is to be done for 16 Bits Pixels
700 // with 65536 entries LUT ?!?
701 // Still looking for accurate info on the web :-(
703 gdcmWarningMacro( "Sorry Palette Color Lookup Tables not yet dealt with"
704 << " for 16 Bits Per Pixel images" );
706 // forge the 4 * 16 Bits Red/Green/Blue/Alpha LUT
708 LutRGBA = (uint8_t *)new uint16_t[ 65536*4 ]; // 2^16 * 4 (R, G, B, Alpha)
711 memset( LutRGBA, 0, 65536*4*2 ); // 16 bits = 2 bytes ;-)
713 LutItemNumber = 65536;
719 //take "Subscript of the first Lut Value" (debR,debG,debB) into account!
721 a16 = (uint16_t*)LutRGBA + 0 + debR;
722 for( i=0; i < lengthR; ++i )
724 *a16 = ((uint16_t*)LutRedData)[i];
728 a16 = (uint16_t*)LutRGBA + 1 + debG;
729 for( i=0; i < lengthG; ++i)
731 *a16 = ((uint16_t*)LutGreenData)[i];
735 a16 = (uint16_t*)LutRGBA + 2 + debB;
736 for(i=0; i < lengthB; ++i)
738 *a16 = ((uint16_t*)LutBlueData)[i];
742 a16 = (uint16_t*)LutRGBA + 3 ;
743 for(i=0; i < 65536; ++i)
745 *a16 = 1; // Alpha component
748 /* Just to 'see' the LUT, at debug time
749 // Don't remove this commented out code.
751 a16=(uint16_t*)LutRGBA;
752 for (int j=0;j<65536;j++)
754 std::cout << *a16 << " " << *(a16+1) << " "
755 << *(a16+2) << " " << *(a16+3) << std::endl;
763 * \brief Swap the bytes, according to \ref SwapCode.
765 void PixelReadConvert::ConvertSwapZone()
768 uint16_t localSwapCode = SwapCode;
770 // If this file is 'ImplicitVR BigEndian PrivateGE Transfer Syntax',
771 // then the header is in little endian format and the pixel data is in
772 // big endian format. When reading the header, GDCM has already established
773 // a byte swapping code suitable for this machine to read the
774 // header. In TS::ImplicitVRLittleEndianDLXGE, this code will need
775 // to be switched in order to read the pixel data. This must be
776 // done REGARDLESS of the processor endianess!
778 // Example: Assume we are on a little endian machine. When
779 // GDCM reads the header, the header will match the machine
780 // endianess and the swap code will be established as a no-op.
781 // When GDCM reaches the pixel data, it will need to switch the
782 // swap code to do big endian to little endian conversion.
784 // Now, assume we are on a big endian machine. When GDCM reads the
785 // header, the header will be recognized as a different endianess
786 // than the machine endianess, and a swap code will be established
787 // to convert from little endian to big endian. When GDCM readers
788 // the pixel data, the pixel data endianess will now match the
789 // machine endianess. But we currently have a swap code that
790 // converts from little endian to big endian. In this case, we
791 // need to switch the swap code to a no-op.
793 // Therefore, in either case, if the file is in
794 // 'ImplicitVR BigEndian PrivateGE Transfer Syntax', then GDCM needs to switch
795 // the byte swapping code when entering the pixel data.
797 if ( IsPrivateGETransferSyntax )
799 // PrivateGETransferSyntax only exists for 'true' Dicom images
800 // we assume there is no 'exotic' 32 bits endianess!
801 switch (localSwapCode)
804 localSwapCode = 4321;
807 localSwapCode = 1234;
811 if ( BitsAllocated == 16 )
813 uint16_t *im16 = (uint16_t*)Raw;
814 switch( localSwapCode )
821 for( i = 0; i < RawSize / 2; i++ )
823 im16[i]= (im16[i] >> 8) | (im16[i] << 8 );
827 gdcmWarningMacro("SwapCode value (16 bits) not allowed.");
830 else if ( BitsAllocated == 32 )
835 uint32_t *im32 = (uint32_t*)Raw;
836 switch ( localSwapCode )
841 for( i = 0; i < RawSize / 4; i++ )
843 low = im32[i] & 0x0000ffff; // 4321
844 high = im32[i] >> 16;
845 high = ( high >> 8 ) | ( high << 8 );
846 low = ( low >> 8 ) | ( low << 8 );
848 im32[i] = ( s32 << 16 ) | high;
852 for( i = 0; i < RawSize / 4; i++ )
854 low = im32[i] & 0x0000ffff; // 2143
855 high = im32[i] >> 16;
856 high = ( high >> 8 ) | ( high << 8 );
857 low = ( low >> 8 ) | ( low << 8 );
859 im32[i] = ( s32 << 16 ) | low;
863 for( i = 0; i < RawSize / 4; i++ )
865 low = im32[i] & 0x0000ffff; // 3412
866 high = im32[i] >> 16;
868 im32[i] = ( s32 << 16 ) | high;
872 gdcmWarningMacro("SwapCode value (32 bits) not allowed." );
878 * \brief Deal with endianness i.e. re-arange bytes inside the integer
880 void PixelReadConvert::ConvertReorderEndianity()
882 if ( BitsAllocated != 8 )
887 // Special kludge in order to deal with xmedcon broken images:
888 if ( BitsAllocated == 16
889 && BitsStored < BitsAllocated
892 int l = (int)( RawSize / ( BitsAllocated / 8 ) );
893 uint16_t *deb = (uint16_t *)Raw;
894 for(int i = 0; i<l; i++)
896 if ( *deb == 0xffff )
906 * \brief Deal with Grey levels i.e. re-arange them
907 * to have low values = dark, high values = bright
909 void PixelReadConvert::ConvertFixGreyLevels()
914 uint32_t i; // to please M$VC6
919 if ( BitsAllocated == 8 )
921 uint8_t *deb = (uint8_t *)Raw;
922 for (i=0; i<RawSize; i++)
930 if ( BitsAllocated == 16 )
933 for (j=0; j<BitsStored-1; j++)
935 mask = (mask << 1) +1; // will be fff when BitsStored=12
938 uint16_t *deb = (uint16_t *)Raw;
939 for (i=0; i<RawSize/2; i++)
949 if ( BitsAllocated == 8 )
951 uint8_t smask8 = 255;
952 uint8_t *deb = (uint8_t *)Raw;
953 for (i=0; i<RawSize; i++)
955 *deb = smask8 - *deb;
960 if ( BitsAllocated == 16 )
962 uint16_t smask16 = 65535;
963 uint16_t *deb = (uint16_t *)Raw;
964 for (i=0; i<RawSize/2; i++)
966 *deb = smask16 - *deb;
975 * \brief Re-arrange the bits within the bytes.
976 * @return Boolean always true
978 bool PixelReadConvert::ConvertReArrangeBits() throw ( FormatError )
981 if ( BitsStored != BitsAllocated )
983 int l = (int)( RawSize / ( BitsAllocated / 8 ) );
984 if ( BitsAllocated == 16 )
986 // pmask : to mask the 'unused bits' (may contain overlays)
987 uint16_t pmask = 0xffff;
988 pmask = pmask >> ( BitsAllocated - BitsStored );
990 uint16_t *deb = (uint16_t*)Raw;
992 if ( !PixelSign ) // Pixels are unsigned
994 for(int i = 0; i<l; i++)
996 *deb = (*deb >> (BitsStored - HighBitPosition - 1)) & pmask;
1000 else // Pixels are signed
1002 // smask : to check the 'sign' when BitsStored != BitsAllocated
1003 uint16_t smask = 0x0001;
1004 smask = smask << ( 16 - (BitsAllocated - BitsStored + 1) );
1005 // nmask : to propagate sign bit on negative values
1006 int16_t nmask = (int16_t)0x8000;
1007 nmask = nmask >> ( BitsAllocated - BitsStored - 1 );
1009 for(int i = 0; i<l; i++)
1011 *deb = *deb >> (BitsStored - HighBitPosition - 1);
1014 *deb = *deb | nmask;
1018 *deb = *deb & pmask;
1024 else if ( BitsAllocated == 32 )
1026 // pmask : to mask the 'unused bits' (may contain overlays)
1027 uint32_t pmask = 0xffffffff;
1028 pmask = pmask >> ( BitsAllocated - BitsStored );
1030 uint32_t *deb = (uint32_t*)Raw;
1034 for(int i = 0; i<l; i++)
1036 *deb = (*deb >> (BitsStored - HighBitPosition - 1)) & pmask;
1042 // smask : to check the 'sign' when BitsStored != BitsAllocated
1043 uint32_t smask = 0x00000001;
1044 smask = smask >> ( 32 - (BitsAllocated - BitsStored +1 ));
1045 // nmask : to propagate sign bit on negative values
1046 int32_t nmask = 0x80000000;
1047 nmask = nmask >> ( BitsAllocated - BitsStored -1 );
1049 for(int i = 0; i<l; i++)
1051 *deb = *deb >> (BitsStored - HighBitPosition - 1);
1053 *deb = *deb | nmask;
1055 *deb = *deb & pmask;
1062 gdcmWarningMacro("Weird image (BitsAllocated !=8, 12, 16, 32)");
1063 throw FormatError( "Weird image !?" );
1070 * \brief Convert (Red plane, Green plane, Blue plane) to RGB pixels
1071 * \warning Works on all the frames at a time
1073 void PixelReadConvert::ConvertRGBPlanesToRGBPixels()
1075 gdcmWarningMacro("--> ConvertRGBPlanesToRGBPixels");
1077 uint8_t *localRaw = Raw;
1078 uint8_t *copyRaw = new uint8_t[ RawSize ];
1079 memmove( copyRaw, localRaw, RawSize );
1081 int l = XSize * YSize * ZSize;
1083 uint8_t *a = copyRaw;
1084 uint8_t *b = copyRaw + l;
1085 uint8_t *c = copyRaw + l + l;
1087 for (int j = 0; j < l; j++)
1089 *(localRaw++) = *(a++);
1090 *(localRaw++) = *(b++);
1091 *(localRaw++) = *(c++);
1097 * \brief Convert (cY plane, cB plane, cR plane) to RGB pixels
1098 * \warning Works on all the frames at a time
1100 void PixelReadConvert::ConvertYcBcRPlanesToRGBPixels()
1102 // Remarks for YBR newbees :
1103 // YBR_FULL works very much like RGB, i.e. three samples per pixel,
1104 // just the color space is YCbCr instead of RGB. This is particularly useful
1105 // for doppler ultrasound where most of the image is grayscale
1106 // (i.e. only populates the Y components) and Cb and Cr are mostly zero,
1107 // except for the few patches of color on the image.
1108 // On such images, RLE achieves a compression ratio that is much better
1109 // than the compression ratio on an equivalent RGB image.
1111 gdcmWarningMacro("--> ConvertYcBcRPlanesToRGBPixels");
1113 uint8_t *localRaw = Raw;
1114 uint8_t *copyRaw = new uint8_t[ RawSize ];
1115 memmove( copyRaw, localRaw, RawSize );
1117 // to see the tricks about YBR_FULL, YBR_FULL_422,
1118 // YBR_PARTIAL_422, YBR_ICT, YBR_RCT have a look at :
1119 // ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/final/sup61_ft.pdf
1120 // and be *very* affraid
1122 int l = XSize * YSize;
1123 int nbFrames = ZSize;
1125 uint8_t *a = copyRaw + 0;
1126 uint8_t *b = copyRaw + l;
1127 uint8_t *c = copyRaw + l+ l;
1130 /// We replaced easy to understand but time consuming floating point
1131 /// computations by the 'well known' integer computation counterpart
1133 /// http://lestourtereaux.free.fr/papers/data/yuvrgb.pdf
1134 /// for code optimisation.
1136 for ( int i = 0; i < nbFrames; i++ )
1138 for ( int j = 0; j < l; j++ )
1140 R = 38142 *(*a-16) + 52298 *(*c -128);
1141 G = 38142 *(*a-16) - 26640 *(*c -128) - 12845 *(*b -128);
1142 B = 38142 *(*a-16) + 66093 *(*b -128);
1151 if (R > 255) R = 255;
1152 if (G > 255) G = 255;
1153 if (B > 255) B = 255;
1155 *(localRaw++) = (uint8_t)R;
1156 *(localRaw++) = (uint8_t)G;
1157 *(localRaw++) = (uint8_t)B;
1166 /// \brief Deals with the color decoding i.e. handle:
1167 /// - R, G, B planes (as opposed to RGB pixels)
1168 /// - YBR (various) encodings.
1169 /// - LUT[s] (or "PALETTE COLOR").
1171 void PixelReadConvert::ConvertHandleColor()
1173 //////////////////////////////////
1174 // Deal with the color decoding i.e. handle:
1175 // - R, G, B planes (as opposed to RGB pixels)
1176 // - YBR (various) encodings.
1177 // - LUT[s] (or "PALETTE COLOR").
1179 // The classification in the color decoding schema is based on the blending
1180 // of two Dicom tags values:
1181 // * "Photometric Interpretation" for which we have the cases:
1182 // - [Photo A] MONOCHROME[1|2] pictures,
1183 // - [Photo B] RGB or YBR_FULL_422 (which acts as RGB),
1184 // - [Photo C] YBR_* (with the above exception of YBR_FULL_422)
1185 // - [Photo D] "PALETTE COLOR" which indicates the presence of LUT[s].
1186 // * "Planar Configuration" for which we have the cases:
1187 // - [Planar 0] 0 then Pixels are already RGB
1188 // - [Planar 1] 1 then we have 3 planes : R, G, B,
1189 // - [Planar 2] 2 then we have 1 gray Plane and 3 LUTs
1191 // Now in theory, one could expect some coherence when blending the above
1192 // cases. For example we should not encounter files belonging at the
1193 // time to case [Planar 0] and case [Photo D].
1194 // Alas, this was only theory ! Because in practice some odd (read ill
1195 // formated Dicom) files (e.g. gdcmData/US-PAL-8-10x-echo.dcm) we encounter:
1196 // - "Planar Configuration" = 0,
1197 // - "Photometric Interpretation" = "PALETTE COLOR".
1198 // Hence gdcm will use the folowing "heuristic" in order to be tolerant
1199 // towards Dicom-non-conformant files:
1200 // << whatever the "Planar Configuration" value might be, a
1201 // "Photometric Interpretation" set to "PALETTE COLOR" forces
1202 // a LUT intervention >>
1204 // Now we are left with the following handling of the cases:
1205 // - [Planar 0] OR [Photo A] no color decoding (since respectively
1206 // Pixels are already RGB and monochrome pictures have no color :),
1207 // - [Planar 1] AND [Photo B] handled with ConvertRGBPlanesToRGBPixels()
1208 // - [Planar 1] AND [Photo C] handled with ConvertYcBcRPlanesToRGBPixels()
1209 // - [Planar 2] OR [Photo D] requires LUT intervention.
1211 gdcmWarningMacro("--> ConvertHandleColor"
1212 << "Planar Configuration " << PlanarConfiguration );
1216 // [Planar 2] OR [Photo D]: LUT intervention done outside
1217 gdcmWarningMacro("--> RawRGB : LUT intervention done outside");
1221 if ( PlanarConfiguration == 1 )
1225 // [Planar 1] AND [Photo C] (remember YBR_FULL_422 acts as RGB)
1226 gdcmWarningMacro("--> YBRFull");
1227 ConvertYcBcRPlanesToRGBPixels();
1231 // [Planar 1] AND [Photo C]
1232 gdcmWarningMacro("--> YBRFull");
1233 ConvertRGBPlanesToRGBPixels();
1238 // When planarConf is 0, and RLELossless (forbidden by Dicom norm)
1239 // pixels need to be RGB-fyied anyway
1243 gdcmWarningMacro("--> RLE Lossless");
1244 ConvertRGBPlanesToRGBPixels();
1247 // In *normal *case, when planarConf is 0, pixels are already in RGB
1250 /// Computes the Pixels Size
1251 void PixelReadConvert::ComputeRawAndRGBSizes()
1253 int bitsAllocated = BitsAllocated;
1254 // Number of "Bits Allocated" is fixed to 16 when it's 12, since
1255 // in this case we will expand the image to 16 bits (see
1256 // \ref ReadAndDecompress12BitsTo16Bits() )
1257 if ( BitsAllocated == 12 )
1262 RawSize = XSize * YSize * ZSize
1263 * ( bitsAllocated / 8 )
1267 RGBSize = 3 * RawSize; // works for 8 and 16 bits per Pixel
1275 /// Allocates room for RGB Pixels
1276 void PixelReadConvert::AllocateRGB()
1280 RGB = new uint8_t[RGBSize];
1283 /// Allocates room for RAW Pixels
1284 void PixelReadConvert::AllocateRaw()
1288 Raw = new uint8_t[RawSize];
1291 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1294 * \brief Print self.
1295 * @param indent Indentation string to be prepended during printing.
1296 * @param os Stream to print to.
1298 void PixelReadConvert::Print( std::ostream &os, std::string const &indent )
1301 << "--- Pixel information -------------------------"
1304 << "Pixel Data: offset " << PixelOffset
1305 << " x(" << std::hex << PixelOffset << std::dec
1306 << ") length " << PixelDataLength
1307 << " x(" << std::hex << PixelDataLength << std::dec
1308 << ")" << std::endl;
1310 if ( IsRLELossless )
1314 RLEInfo->Print( os, indent );
1318 gdcmWarningMacro("Set as RLE file but NO RLEinfo present.");
1322 if ( IsJPEG2000 || IsJPEGLossless || IsJPEGLossy || IsJPEGLS )
1326 JPEGInfo->Print( os, indent );
1330 gdcmWarningMacro("Set as JPEG file but NO JPEGinfo present.");
1335 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1336 } // end namespace gdcm
1338 // Note to developpers :
1339 // Here is a very detailled post from David Clunie, on the troubles caused
1340 // 'non standard' LUT and LUT description
1341 // We shall have to take it into accound in our code.
1346 Subject: Problem with VOI LUTs in Agfa and Fuji CR and GE DX images, was Re: VOI LUT issues
1347 Date: Sun, 06 Feb 2005 17:13:40 GMT
1348 From: David Clunie <dclunie@dclunie.com>
1349 Reply-To: dclunie@dclunie.com
1350 Newsgroups: comp.protocols.dicom
1351 References: <1107553502.040221.189550@o13g2000cwo.googlegroups.com>
1353 > THE LUT that comes with [my] image claims to be 16-bit, but none of the
1354 > values goes higher than 4095. That being said, though, none of my
1355 > original pixel values goes higher than that, either. I have read
1356 > elsewhere on this group that when that happens you are supposed to
1357 > adjust the LUT. Can someone be more specific? There was a thread from
1358 > 2002 where Marco and David were mentioning doing precisely that.
1365 You have encountered the well known "we know what the standard says but
1366 we are going to ignore it and do what we have been doing for almost
1367 a decade regardless" CR vendor bug. Agfa started this, but they are not
1368 the only vendor doing this now; GE and Fuji may have joined the club.
1370 Sadly, one needs to look at the LUT Data, figure out what the maximum
1371 value actually encoded is, and find the next highest power of 2 (e.g.
1372 212 in this case), to figure out what the range of the data is
1373 supposed to be. I have assumed that if the maximum value in the LUT
1374 data is less than a power of 2 minus 1 (e.g. 0xebc) then the intent
1375 of the vendor was not to use the maximum available grayscale range
1376 of the display (e.g. the maximum is 0xfff in this case). An alternative
1377 would be to scale to the actual maximum rather than a power of two.
1379 Very irritating, and in theory not totally reliable if one really
1380 intended the full 16 bits and only used, say 15, but that is extremely
1381 unlikely since everything would be too dark, and this heuristic
1384 There has never been anything in the standard that describes having
1385 to go through these convolutions. Since the only value in the
1386 standard that describes the bit depth of the LUT values is LUT
1387 Descriptor value 3 and that is (usually) always required to be
1388 either 8 or 16, it mystifies me how the creators' of these images
1389 imagine that the receiver is going to divine the range that is intended. Further, the standard is quite explicit that this 3rd
1390 value defines the range of LUT values, but as far as I am aware, all
1391 the vendors are ignoring the standard and indeed sending a third value
1394 This problem is not confined to CR, and is also seen with DX products.
1396 Typically I have seen:
1398 - Agfa CR, which usually (always ?) sends LUTs, values up to 0x0fff
1399 - Fuji CR, which occasionally send LUTs, values up to 0x03ff
1400 - GE DX, for presentation, which always have LUTs, up to 0x3fff
1402 Swissray, Siemens, Philips, Canon and Kodak never seem to send VOI LUTs
1403 at this point (which is a whole other problem). Note that the presence
1404 or absence of a VOI LUT as opposed to window values may be configurable
1405 on the modality in some cases, and I have just looked at what I happen
1406 to have received from a myriad of sites over whose configuration I have
1407 no control. This may be why the majority of Fuji images have no VOI LUTs,
1408 but a few do (or it may be the Siemens system that these Fuji images went
1409 through that perhaps added it). I do have some test Hologic DX images that
1410 are not from a clinical site that do actually get this right (a value
1411 of 12 for the third value and a max of 0xfff).
1413 Since almost every vendor that I have encountered that encodes LUTs
1414 makes this mistake, perhaps it is time to amend the standard to warn
1415 implementor's of receivers and/or sanction this bad behavior. We have
1416 talked about this in the past in WG 6 but so far everyone has been
1417 reluctant to write into the standard such a comment. Maybe it is time
1418 to try again, since if one is not aware of this problem, one cannot
1419 effectively implement display using VOI LUTs, and there is a vast
1420 installed base to contend with.
1422 I did not check presentation states, in which VOI LUTs could also be
1423 encountered, for the prevalence of this mistake, nor did I look at the
1424 encoding of Modality LUT's, which are unusual. Nor did I check digital
1425 mammography images. I would be interested to hear from anyone who has.
1429 PS. The following older thread in this newsgroup discusses this:
1431 "http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.protocols.dicom/browse_frm/t hread/6a033444802a35fc/0f0a9a1e35c1468e?q=voi+lut&_done=%2Fgroup%2Fcom p.protocols.dicom%2Fsearch%3Fgroup%3Dcomp.protocols.dicom%26q%3Dvoi+lu t%26qt_g%3D1%26searchnow%3DSearch+this+group%26&_doneTitle=Back+to+Sea rch&&d#0f0a9a1e35c1468e"
1433 PPS. From a historical perspective, the following may be of interest.
1435 In the original standard in 1993, all that was said about this was a
1436 reference to the corresponding such where Modality LUTs are described
1439 "The third value specifies the number of bits for each entry in the
1440 LUT Data. It shall take the value 8 or 16. The LUT Data shall be stored
1441 in a format equivalent to 8 or 16 bits allocated and high bit equal
1444 Since the high bit hint was not apparently explicit enough, a very
1445 early CP, CP 15 (submitted by Agfa as it happens), replaced this with:
1447 "The third value conveys the range of LUT entry values. It shall take
1448 the value 8 or 16, corresponding with the LUT entry value range of
1451 Note: The third value is not required for describing the
1452 LUT data and is only included for informational usage
1453 and for maintaining compatibility with ACRNEMA 2.0.
1455 The LUT Data contains the LUT entry values."
1457 That is how it read in the 1996, 1998 and 1999 editions.
1459 By the 2000 edition, Supplement 33 that introduced presentation states
1460 extensively reworked this entire section and tried to explain this in
1463 "The output range is from 0 to 2^n-1 where n is the third value of LUT
1464 Descriptor. This range is always unsigned."
1466 and also added a note to spell out what the output range meant in the
1469 "9. The output of the Window Center/Width or VOI LUT transformation
1470 is either implicitly scaled to the full range of the display device
1471 if there is no succeeding transformation defined, or implicitly scaled
1472 to the full input range of the succeeding transformation step (such as
1473 the Presentation LUT), if present. See C.11.6.1."
1475 It still reads this way in the 2004 edition.
1477 Note that LUTs in other applications than the general VOI LUT allow for
1478 values other than 8 or 16 in the third value of LUT descriptor to permit
1479 ranges other than 0 to 255 or 65535.
1481 In addition, the DX Image Module specializes the VOI LUT
1482 attributes as follows, in PS 3.3 section C.8.11.3.1.5 (added in Sup 32):
1484 "The third value specifies the number of bits for each entry in the LUT
1485 Data (analogous to ìbits storedî). It shall be between 10-16. The LUT
1486 Data shall be stored in a format equivalent to 16 ìbits allocatedî and
1487 ìhigh bitî equal to ìbits storedî - 1. The third value conveys the range
1488 of LUT entry values. These unsigned LUT entry values shall range between
1489 0 and 2^n-1, where n is the third value of the LUT Descriptor."
1491 So in the case of the GE DX for presentation images, the third value of
1492 LUT descriptor is allowed to be and probably should be 14 rather than 16.