1 /*=========================================================================
4 Module: $RCSfile: gdcmUtil.cxx,v $
6 Date: $Date: 2005/01/28 09:37:29 $
7 Version: $Revision: 1.126 $
9 Copyright (c) CREATIS (Centre de Recherche et d'Applications en Traitement de
10 l'Image). All rights reserved. See Doc/License.txt or
11 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/Public/Gdcm/License.html for details.
13 This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
14 the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
15 PURPOSE. See the above copyright notices for more information.
17 =========================================================================*/
20 #include "gdcmDebug.h"
24 // For GetCurrentDate, GetCurrentTime
26 #include <sys/types.h>
29 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
30 #include <sys/timeb.h>
35 #include <stdarg.h> //only included in implementation file
36 #include <stdio.h> //only included in implementation file
38 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
39 #include <winsock.h> // for gethostname & gethostbyname
43 #include <unistd.h> // for gethostname
44 #include <netdb.h> // for gethostbyname
56 #include <sys/types.h>
59 #ifdef CMAKE_HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
60 #include <sys/ioctl.h> // For SIOCGIFCONF on Linux
62 #ifdef CMAKE_HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
63 #include <sys/socket.h>
65 #ifdef CMAKE_HAVE_SYS_SOCKIO_H
66 #include <sys/sockio.h> // For SIOCGIFCONF on SunOS
68 #ifdef CMAKE_HAVE_NET_IF_H
71 #ifdef CMAKE_HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
72 #include <netinet/in.h> //For IPPROTO_IP
74 #ifdef CMAKE_HAVE_NET_IF_DL_H
75 #include <net/if_dl.h>
77 #if defined(CMAKE_HAVE_NET_IF_ARP_H) && defined(__sun)
78 // This is absolutely necessary on SunOS
79 #include <net/if_arp.h>
82 // For GetCurrentThreadID()
84 #include <sys/types.h>
85 #include <linux/unistd.h>
93 const std::string Util::GDCM_UID = "1.2.826.0.1.3680043.2.1143";
94 std::string Util::RootUID = GDCM_UID;
97 * \brief Provide a better 'c++' approach for sprintf
98 * For example c code is:
99 * sprintf(trash, "%04x|%04x", group , elem);
102 * std::ostringstream buf;
103 * buf << std::right << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') << std::hex
104 * << group << "|" << std::right << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0')
105 * << std::hex << elem;
109 * Format("%04x|%04x", group , elem);
112 std::string Util::Format(const char *format, ...)
116 va_start(args, format);
117 vsprintf(buffer, format, args); //might be a security flaw
118 va_end(args); // Each invocation of va_start should be matched
119 // by a corresponding invocation of va_end
120 // args is then 'undefined'
126 * \brief Because not available in C++ (?)
128 void Util::Tokenize (const std::string &str,
129 std::vector<std::string> &tokens,
130 const std::string& delimiters)
132 std::string::size_type lastPos = str.find_first_not_of(delimiters,0);
133 std::string::size_type pos = str.find_first_of (delimiters,lastPos);
134 while (std::string::npos != pos || std::string::npos != lastPos)
136 tokens.push_back(str.substr(lastPos, pos - lastPos));
137 lastPos = str.find_first_not_of(delimiters, pos);
138 pos = str.find_first_of (delimiters, lastPos);
143 * \brief Because not available in C++ (?)
144 * Counts the number of occurences of a substring within a string
147 int Util::CountSubstring (const std::string &str,
148 const std::string &subStr)
150 int count = 0; // counts how many times it appears
151 std::string::size_type x = 0; // The index position in the string
155 x = str.find(subStr,x); // Find the substring
156 if (x != std::string::npos) // If present
158 count++; // increase the count
159 x += subStr.length(); // Skip this word
162 while (x != std::string::npos); // Carry on until not present
168 * \brief Weed out a string from the non-printable characters (in order
169 * to avoid corrupting the terminal of invocation when printing)
170 * @param s string to remove non printable characters from
172 std::string Util::CreateCleanString(std::string const &s)
176 for(unsigned int i=0; i<str.size(); i++)
178 if(!isprint((unsigned char)str[i]))
186 if(!isprint((unsigned char)s[str.size()-1]))
188 if(s[str.size()-1] == 0)
190 str[str.size()-1] = ' ';
199 * \brief Add a SEPARATOR to the end of the name is necessary
200 * @param pathname file/directory name to normalize
202 std::string Util::NormalizePath(std::string const &pathname)
204 const char SEPARATOR_X = '/';
205 const char SEPARATOR_WIN = '\\';
206 const std::string SEPARATOR = "/";
207 std::string name = pathname;
208 int size = name.size();
210 if( name[size-1] != SEPARATOR_X && name[size-1] != SEPARATOR_WIN )
218 * \brief Get the (directory) path from a full path file name
219 * @param fullName file/directory name to extract Path from
221 std::string Util::GetPath(std::string const &fullName)
223 std::string res = fullName;
224 int pos1 = res.rfind("/");
225 int pos2 = res.rfind("\\");
239 * \brief Get the (last) name of a full path file name
240 * @param fullName file/directory name to extract end name from
242 std::string Util::GetName(std::string const &fullName)
244 std::string filename = fullName;
246 std::string::size_type slash_pos = filename.rfind("/");
247 std::string::size_type backslash_pos = filename.rfind("\\");
248 slash_pos = slash_pos > backslash_pos ? slash_pos : backslash_pos;
249 if(slash_pos != std::string::npos)
251 return filename.substr(slash_pos + 1);
260 * \brief Get the current date of the system in a dicom string
262 std::string Util::GetCurrentDate()
267 strftime(tmp,512,"%Y%m%d", localtime(&tloc) );
272 * \brief Get the current time of the system in a dicom string
274 std::string Util::GetCurrentTime()
279 strftime(tmp,512,"%H%M%S", localtime(&tloc) );
284 * \brief Get both the date and time at the same time to avoid problem
285 * around midnight where two call could be before and after midnight
287 std::string Util::GetCurrentDateTime()
293 // We need implementation specific functions to obtain millisecond precision
294 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
298 milliseconds = tb.millitm;
301 gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
303 // Compute milliseconds from microseconds.
304 milliseconds = tv.tv_usec / 1000;
306 // Obtain the time of day, and convert it to a tm struct.
307 struct tm *ptm = localtime (&timep);
308 // Format the date and time, down to a single second.
309 strftime (tmp, sizeof (tmp), "%Y%m%d%H%M%S", ptm);
313 r += Format("%03ld", milliseconds);
319 * \brief Create a /DICOM/ string:
320 * It should a of even length (no odd length ever)
321 * It can contain as many (if you are reading this from your
322 * editor the following character is is backslash followed by zero
323 * that needed to be escaped with an extra backslash for doxygen) \\0
326 std::string Util::DicomString(const char *s, size_t l)
328 std::string r(s, s+l);
329 gdcmAssertMacro( !(r.size() % 2) ); // == basically 'l' is even
334 * \brief Create a /DICOM/ string:
335 * It should a of even length (no odd length ever)
336 * It can contain as many (if you are reading this from your
337 * editor the following character is is backslash followed by zero
338 * that needed to be escaped with an extra backslash for doxygen) \\0
340 * This function is similar to DicomString(const char*),
341 * except it doesn't take a length.
342 * It only pad with a null character if length is odd
344 std::string Util::DicomString(const char *s)
346 size_t l = strlen(s);
351 std::string r(s, s+l);
352 gdcmAssertMacro( !(r.size() % 2) );
357 * \brief Safely compare two Dicom String:
358 * - Both string should be of even length
359 * - We allow padding of even length string by either a null
360 * character of a space
362 bool Util::DicomStringEqual(const std::string &s1, const char *s2)
364 // s2 is the string from the DICOM reference: 'MONOCHROME1'
365 std::string s1_even = s1; //Never change input parameter
366 std::string s2_even = DicomString( s2 );
367 if( s1_even[s1_even.size()-1] == ' ')
369 s1_even[s1_even.size()-1] = '\0'; //replace space character by null
371 return s1_even == s2_even;
375 * \brief tells us if the processor we are working with is BigEndian or not
377 bool Util::IsCurrentProcessorBigEndian()
379 #ifdef GDCM_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
389 typedef BOOL(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionInit) (
390 IN DWORD dwTimeZeroReference,
391 OUT HANDLE * hPollForTrapEvent,
392 OUT AsnObjectIdentifier * supportedView);
394 typedef BOOL(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionTrap) (
395 OUT AsnObjectIdentifier * enterprise,
396 OUT AsnInteger * genericTrap,
397 OUT AsnInteger * specificTrap,
398 OUT AsnTimeticks * timeStamp,
399 OUT RFC1157VarBindList * variableBindings);
401 typedef BOOL(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionQuery) (
403 IN OUT RFC1157VarBindList * variableBindings,
404 OUT AsnInteger * errorStatus,
405 OUT AsnInteger * errorIndex);
407 typedef BOOL(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionInitEx) (
408 OUT AsnObjectIdentifier * supportedView);
412 int GetMacAddrSys ( unsigned char *addr )
416 if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &WinsockData) != 0)
418 std::cerr << "This program requires Winsock 2.x!" << std::endl;
422 HANDLE PollForTrapEvent;
423 AsnObjectIdentifier SupportedView;
424 UINT OID_ifEntryType[] = { 1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3 };
425 UINT OID_ifEntryNum[] = { 1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1 };
426 UINT OID_ipMACEntAddr[] = { 1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 6 };
427 AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_ifMACEntAddr = {
428 sizeof(OID_ipMACEntAddr) / sizeof(UINT), OID_ipMACEntAddr };
429 AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_ifEntryType = {
430 sizeof(OID_ifEntryType) / sizeof(UINT), OID_ifEntryType };
431 AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_ifEntryNum = {
432 sizeof(OID_ifEntryNum) / sizeof(UINT), OID_ifEntryNum };
433 RFC1157VarBindList varBindList;
434 RFC1157VarBind varBind[2];
435 AsnInteger errorStatus;
436 AsnInteger errorIndex;
437 AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_NULL = { 0, 0 };
442 // Load the SNMP dll and get the addresses of the functions necessary
443 HINSTANCE m_hInst = LoadLibrary("inetmib1.dll");
444 if (m_hInst < (HINSTANCE) HINSTANCE_ERROR)
448 pSnmpExtensionInit m_Init =
449 (pSnmpExtensionInit) GetProcAddress(m_hInst, "SnmpExtensionInit");
450 pSnmpExtensionQuery m_Query =
451 (pSnmpExtensionQuery) GetProcAddress(m_hInst, "SnmpExtensionQuery");
452 m_Init(GetTickCount(), &PollForTrapEvent, &SupportedView);
454 /* Initialize the variable list to be retrieved by m_Query */
455 varBindList.list = varBind;
456 varBind[0].name = MIB_NULL;
457 varBind[1].name = MIB_NULL;
459 // Copy in the OID to find the number of entries in the
461 varBindList.len = 1; // Only retrieving one item
462 SNMP_oidcpy(&varBind[0].name, &MIB_ifEntryNum);
463 m_Query(ASN_RFC1157_GETNEXTREQUEST, &varBindList, &errorStatus,
465 // printf("# of adapters in this system : %i\n",
466 // varBind[0].value.asnValue.number);
469 // Copy in the OID of ifType, the type of interface
470 SNMP_oidcpy(&varBind[0].name, &MIB_ifEntryType);
472 // Copy in the OID of ifPhysAddress, the address
473 SNMP_oidcpy(&varBind[1].name, &MIB_ifMACEntAddr);
477 // Submit the query. Responses will be loaded into varBindList.
478 // We can expect this call to succeed a # of times corresponding
479 // to the # of adapters reported to be in the system
480 ret = m_Query(ASN_RFC1157_GETNEXTREQUEST, &varBindList, &errorStatus,
488 // Confirm that the proper type has been returned
489 ret = SNMP_oidncmp(&varBind[0].name, &MIB_ifEntryType,
490 MIB_ifEntryType.idLength);
495 dtmp = varBind[0].value.asnValue.number;
497 // Type 6 describes ethernet interfaces
500 // Confirm that we have an address here
501 ret = SNMP_oidncmp(&varBind[1].name, &MIB_ifMACEntAddr,
502 MIB_ifMACEntAddr.idLength);
503 if ( !ret && varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream != NULL )
505 if ( (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[0] == 0x44)
506 && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[1] == 0x45)
507 && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[2] == 0x53)
508 && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[3] == 0x54)
509 && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[4] == 0x00) )
511 // Ignore all dial-up networking adapters
512 std::cerr << "Interface #" << j << " is a DUN adapter\n";
515 if ( (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[0] == 0x00)
516 && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[1] == 0x00)
517 && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[2] == 0x00)
518 && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[3] == 0x00)
519 && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[4] == 0x00)
520 && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[5] == 0x00) )
522 // Ignore NULL addresses returned by other network
524 std::cerr << "Interface #" << j << " is a NULL address\n";
527 memcpy( addr, varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream, 6);
534 SNMP_FreeVarBind(&varBind[0]);
535 SNMP_FreeVarBind(&varBind[1]);
537 #endif //Win32 version
540 // implementation for POSIX system
542 //The POSIX version is broken anyway on Solaris, plus would require full
544 struct arpreq parpreq;
545 struct sockaddr_in *psa;
546 struct hostent *phost;
547 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
551 if(gethostname(hostname, MAXHOSTNAMELEN) != 0)
553 perror("gethostname");
556 phost = gethostbyname(hostname);
557 paddrs = phost->h_addr_list;
559 sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
565 memset(&parpreq, 0, sizeof(struct arpreq));
566 psa = (struct sockaddr_in *) &parpreq.arp_pa;
568 memset(psa, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
569 psa->sin_family = AF_INET;
570 memcpy(&psa->sin_addr, *paddrs, sizeof(struct in_addr));
572 status = ioctl(sock, SIOCGARP, &parpreq);
578 memcpy(addr, parpreq.arp_ha.sa_data, 6);
582 #ifdef CMAKE_HAVE_NET_IF_H
584 struct ifreq ifr, *ifrp;
589 #if defined(AF_LINK) && (!defined(SIOCGIFHWADDR) && !defined(SIOCGENADDR))
590 struct sockaddr_dl *sdlp;
594 // BSD 4.4 defines the size of an ifreq to be
595 // max(sizeof(ifreq), sizeof(ifreq.ifr_name)+ifreq.ifr_addr.sa_len
596 // However, under earlier systems, sa_len isn't present, so the size is
597 // just sizeof(struct ifreq)
598 // We should investiage the use of SIZEOF_ADDR_IFREQ
602 #define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
604 #define ifreq_size(i) max(sizeof(struct ifreq),\
605 sizeof((i).ifr_name)+(i).ifr_addr.sa_len)
607 #define ifreq_size(i) sizeof(struct ifreq)
608 #endif // HAVE_SA_LEN
610 if( (sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP)) < 0 )
614 memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
615 ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(buf);
617 if (ioctl (sd, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) < 0)
623 for (i = 0; i < n; i+= ifreq_size(*ifrp) )
625 ifrp = (struct ifreq *)((char *) ifc.ifc_buf+i);
626 strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifrp->ifr_name, IFNAMSIZ);
628 if (ioctl(sd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) < 0)
630 a = (unsigned char *) &ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data;
633 // In theory this call should also work on Sun Solaris, but apparently
634 // SIOCGENADDR is not implemented properly thus the call
635 // ioctl(sd, SIOCGENADDR, &ifr) always returns errno=2
636 // (No such file or directory)
637 // Furthermore the DLAPI seems to require full root access
638 if (ioctl(sd, SIOCGENADDR, &ifr) < 0)
640 a = (unsigned char *) ifr.ifr_enaddr;
643 sdlp = (struct sockaddr_dl *) &ifrp->ifr_addr;
644 if ((sdlp->sdl_family != AF_LINK) || (sdlp->sdl_alen != 6))
646 a = (unsigned char *) &sdlp->sdl_data[sdlp->sdl_nlen];
648 perror("No way to access hardware");
652 #endif // SIOCGENADDR
653 #endif // SIOCGIFHWADDR
654 if (!a[0] && !a[1] && !a[2] && !a[3] && !a[4] && !a[5]) continue;
665 // Not implemented platforms
666 perror("There was a configuration problem on your plateform");
673 * Mini function to return the last digit from a number express in base 256
674 * pre condition data contain an array of 6 unsigned char
675 * post condition carry contain the last digit
677 inline int getlastdigit(unsigned char *data)
679 int extended, carry = 0;
682 extended = (carry << 8) + data[i];
683 data[i] = extended / 10;
684 carry = extended % 10;
690 * \brief Encode the mac address on a fixed lenght string of 15 characters.
691 * we save space this way.
693 std::string Util::GetMACAddress()
695 // This code is the result of a long internet search to find something
696 // as compact as possible (not OS independant). We only have to separate
697 // 3 OS: Win32, SunOS and 'real' POSIX
698 // http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.unix.solaris/msg/ad36929d783d63be
699 // http://bdn.borland.com/article/0,1410,26040,00.html
700 unsigned char addr[6];
702 int stat = GetMacAddrSys(addr);
705 // We need to convert a 6 digit number from base 256 to base 10, using integer
706 // would requires a 48bits one. To avoid this we have to reimplement the div + modulo
713 res = getlastdigit(addr);
715 zero = (addr[0] == 0) && (addr[1] == 0) && (addr[2] == 0) && (addr[3] == 0) && (addr[4] == 0) && (addr[5] == 0);
717 // Since we push back the proper number is reversed:
718 std::reverse(sres.begin(),sres.end());
724 gdcmVerboseMacro("Problem in finding the MAC Address");
730 * \brief Return the IP adress of the machine writting the DICOM image
732 std::string Util::GetIPAddress()
734 // This is a rip from
735 // http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/I-N/internet/network/article.php/c3445/
736 #ifndef HOST_NAME_MAX
737 // SUSv2 guarantees that `Host names are limited to 255 bytes'.
738 // POSIX 1003.1-2001 guarantees that `Host names (not including the
739 // terminating NUL) are limited to HOST_NAME_MAX bytes'.
740 # define HOST_NAME_MAX 255
741 // In this case we should maybe check the string was not truncated.
742 // But I don't known how to check that...
743 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
744 // with WinSock DLL we need to initialize the WinSock before using gethostname
745 WORD wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1,0);
747 int err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested,&WSAData);
750 // Tell the user that we could not find a usable
757 #endif //HOST_NAME_MAX
760 char szHostName[HOST_NAME_MAX+1];
761 int r = gethostname(szHostName, HOST_NAME_MAX);
766 struct hostent *pHost = gethostbyname(szHostName);
768 for( int i = 0; pHost!= NULL && pHost->h_addr_list[i]!= NULL; i++ )
770 for( int j = 0; j<pHost->h_length; j++ )
772 if( j > 0 ) str += ".";
774 str += Util::Format("%u",
775 (unsigned int)((unsigned char*)pHost->h_addr_list[i])[j]);
777 // str now contains one local IP address
779 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
785 // If an error occur r == -1
786 // Most of the time it will return 127.0.0.1...
790 unsigned int Util::GetCurrentThreadID()
792 // FIXME the implementation is far from complete
793 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
794 return (unsigned int)GetCurrentThreadId();
798 // Doesn't work on fedora, but is in the man page...
799 //return (unsigned int)gettid();
802 return (unsigned int)thr_self();
804 //default implementation
809 unsigned int Util::GetCurrentProcessID()
811 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
812 // NOTE: There is also a _getpid()...
813 return (unsigned int)GetCurrentProcessId();
815 // get process identification, POSIX
816 return (unsigned int)getpid();
822 * \brief Creates a new UID. As stipulate in the DICOM ref
823 * each time a DICOM image is create it should have
824 * a unique identifier (URI)
825 * @param root is the DICOM prefix assigned by IOS group
827 std::string Util::CreateUniqueUID(const std::string &root)
833 // gdcm UID prefix, as supplied by http://www.medicalconnections.co.uk
841 // A root was specified use it to forge our new UID:
843 append += Util::GetMACAddress();
845 append += Util::GetCurrentDateTime();
847 //Also add a mini random number just in case:
848 int r = (int) (100.0*rand()/RAND_MAX);
849 append += Format("%02d", r);
851 // If append is too long we need to rehash it
852 if( (prefix + append).size() > 64 )
854 gdcmErrorMacro( "Size of UID is too long." );
855 // we need a hash function to truncate this number
856 // if only md5 was cross plateform
860 return prefix + append;
863 void Util::SetRootUID(const std::string &root)
871 const std::string &Util::GetRootUID()
878 * @param os ostream to write to
882 std::ostream &binary_write(std::ostream &os, const T &val)
884 return os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof val);
888 * \brief binary_write binary_write
889 * @param os ostream to write to
892 std::ostream &binary_write(std::ostream &os, const uint16_t &val)
894 #ifdef GDCM_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
896 swap = ((( val << 8 ) & 0x0ff00 ) | (( val >> 8 ) & 0x00ff ) );
897 return os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&swap), 2);
899 return os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), 2);
900 #endif //GDCM_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
904 * \brief binary_write binary_write
905 * @param os ostream to write to
908 std::ostream &binary_write(std::ostream &os, const uint32_t &val)
910 #ifdef GDCM_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
912 swap = ( ((val<<24) & 0xff000000) | ((val<<8) & 0x00ff0000) |
913 ((val>>8) & 0x0000ff00) | ((val>>24) & 0x000000ff) );
914 return os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&swap), 4);
916 return os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), 4);
917 #endif //GDCM_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
921 * \brief binary_write binary_write
922 * @param os ostream to write to
925 std::ostream &binary_write(std::ostream &os, const char *val)
927 return os.write(val, strlen(val));
932 * @param os ostream to write to
935 std::ostream &binary_write(std::ostream &os, std::string const &val)
937 return os.write(val.c_str(), val.size());
940 } // end namespace gdcm