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diff --git a/octave_packages/communications-1.1.1/shannonfanodict.m b/octave_packages/communications-1.1.1/shannonfanodict.m
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+## Copyright (C) 2006 Muthiah Annamalai <muthiah.annamalai@uta.edu>
+##
+## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+## Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+## version.
+##
+## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+## FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
+## details.
+##
+## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+## this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+## -*- texinfo -*-
+## @deftypefn {Function File} {} shannonfanodict (@var{symbols},@var{symbol_probabilites})
+##        
+## Returns the code dictionary for source using shanno fano algorithm.
+## Dictionary is built from @var{symbol_probabilities} using the shannon
+## fano scheme.  Output is a dictionary cell-array, which 
+## are codewords, and correspond to the order of input probability.
+##
+## @example
+## @group
+##          CW=shannonfanodict(1:4,[0.5 0.25 0.15 0.1]);
+##          assert(redundancy(CW,[0.5 0.25 0.15 0.1]),0.25841,0.001)
+##          shannonfanodict(1:5,[0.35 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15])
+##          shannonfanodict(1:8,[8 7 6 5 5 4 3 2]./40)
+## @end group
+## @end example
+## @end deftypefn
+## @seealso{shannonfanoenc, shannonfanodec}
+##
+function cw_list=shannonfanodict(symbol,P)
+
+  if nargin < 2
+    error('Usage: shannonfanodict(symbol,P); see help');
+  end
+
+  DMAX=length(P);
+  S=1:DMAX;
+  
+  if(sum(P)-1.000 > 1e-7)
+    error('Sum of probabilities must be 1.000');
+  end
+#
+#FIXME: Is there any other way of doing the
+#topological sort? Insertion sort is bad.
+#
+#Sort the probability list in 
+#descending/non-increasing order.
+#Using plain vanilla insertion sort.
+#
+  for i=1:DMAX
+    for j=i:DMAX
+      
+      if(P(i) < P(j))
+	
+				#Swap prob
+	t=P(i);
+	P(i)=P(j);
+	P(j)=t;
+	
+				#Swap symb
+	t=S(i);
+	S(i)=S(j);
+	S(j)=t;
+      end
+      
+    end
+  end
+  
+  
+  #Now for each symbol you need to
+  #create code as first [-log p(i)] bits of
+  #cumulative function sum(p(1:i))
+  #
+  #printf("Shannon Codes\n");
+  #data_table=zeros(1,DMAX);
+   cw_list={};
+   
+   for itr=1:DMAX
+     if(P(itr)~=0)
+       digits=ceil(-log2(P(itr))); #somany digits needed.
+     else
+       digits=0; #dont assign digits for zero probability symbols.
+     end
+     
+     Psum = sum([0 P](1:itr)); #Cumulative probability
+     s=[];
+     for i=1:digits;
+       Psum=2*Psum;
+       if(Psum >= 1.00)
+	 s=[s 1];
+	 Psum=Psum-1.00;
+       else
+	 s=[s 0];
+       end       
+     end
+     cw_list{itr}=s;
+   end
+   
+   #re-arrange the list accroding to input prob list.
+   cw_list2={};
+   for i=1:length(cw_list)
+     cw_list2{i}=cw_list{S(i)};
+   end
+   cw_list=cw_list2;
+
+   return;
+end
+
+%!shared CW,P
+%!test
+%!  P  = [0.5 0.25 0.15 0.1];
+%!  assert(shannonfanodict(1:4,P),{[0],[1 0],[1 1 0],[1 1 1 0]})
+%!