X-Git-Url: https://git.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/pubgit/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2FgdcmUtil.cxx;h=bf583caf1eed3c51ddfbf213f4f80d6ca618a7c4;hb=327dfe7647e3720b0f3125f9b19397cb9afc0ed3;hp=bc1d3bdae546ce772c25bf53f3d867116920dceb;hpb=10aa56aa534bae643e3833474a49309330235196;p=gdcm.git

diff --git a/src/gdcmUtil.cxx b/src/gdcmUtil.cxx
index bc1d3bda..bf583caf 100644
--- a/src/gdcmUtil.cxx
+++ b/src/gdcmUtil.cxx
@@ -1,154 +1,800 @@
-// $Header: /cvs/public/gdcm/src/gdcmUtil.cxx,v 1.12 2003/06/17 17:44:48 jpr Exp $
+/*=========================================================================
+                                                                                
+  Program:   gdcm
+  Module:    $RCSfile: gdcmUtil.cxx,v $
+  Language:  C++
+  Date:      $Date: 2005/01/06 20:03:28 $
+  Version:   $Revision: 1.77 $
+                                                                                
+  Copyright (c) CREATIS (Centre de Recherche et d'Applications en Traitement de
+  l'Image). All rights reserved. See Doc/License.txt or
+  http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/Public/Gdcm/License.html for details.
+                                                                                
+     This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
+     the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+     PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notices for more information.
+                                                                                
+=========================================================================*/
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <ctype.h>   // For isspace
-#include <string.h>
 #include "gdcmUtil.h"
-using namespace std;
+#include "gdcmDebug.h"
+
+// For GetCurrentDate, GetCurrentTime
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <stdarg.h>  //only included in implementation file
+#include <stdio.h>   //only included in implementation file
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+   #include <winsock.h>  // for gethostname & gethostbyname
+   #undef GetCurrentTime
+#else
+#ifndef __BORLANDC__
+   #include <unistd.h>  // for gethostname
+   #include <netdb.h>   // for gethostbyname
+#endif
+#endif
 
-// Library globals.
-gdcmDebug dbg;
+namespace gdcm 
+{
+/**
+ * \ingroup Globals
+ * \brief Provide a better 'c++' approach for sprintf
+ * For example c code is:
+ * sprintf(trash, "%04x|%04x", group , element);
+ *
+ * c++ is 
+ * std::ostringstream buf;
+ * buf << std::right << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') << std::hex
+ *     << group << "|" << std::right << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') 
+ *     << std::hex <<  element;
+ * buf.str();
+ */
 
-gdcmDebug::gdcmDebug(int level) {
-   DebugLevel = level;
+std::string Util::Format(const char *format, ...)
+{
+   char buffer[2048];
+   va_list args;
+   va_start(args, format);
+   vsprintf(buffer, format, args);  //might be a security flaw
+   va_end(args); // Each invocation of va_start should be matched 
+                 // by a corresponding invocation of va_end
+                 // args is then 'undefined'
+   return buffer;
 }
 
-void gdcmDebug::Verbose(int Level, const char * Msg1, const char * Msg2) {
-   if (Level > DebugLevel)
-      return ;
-   cerr << Msg1 << ' ' << Msg2 << '\n';
+
+/**
+ * \ingroup Globals
+ * \brief Because not available in C++ (?)
+ */
+void Util::Tokenize (const std::string &str,
+                     std::vector<std::string> &tokens,
+                     const std::string& delimiters)
+{
+   std::string::size_type lastPos = str.find_first_not_of(delimiters,0);
+   std::string::size_type pos     = str.find_first_of    (delimiters,lastPos);
+   while (std::string::npos != pos || std::string::npos != lastPos)
+   {
+      tokens.push_back(str.substr(lastPos, pos - lastPos));
+      lastPos = str.find_first_not_of(delimiters, pos);
+      pos     = str.find_first_of    (delimiters, lastPos);
+   }
 }
 
-/*
-void gdcmDebug::Verbose(int Level, char * Msg1, char * Msg2) {
-   if (Level > DebugLevel)
-      return ;
-   cerr << Msg1 << ' ' << Msg2 << '\n';
+/**
+ * \ingroup Globals
+ * \brief Because not available in C++ (?)
+ *        Counts the number of occurences of a substring within a string
+ */
+ 
+int Util::CountSubstring (const std::string &str,
+                          const std::string &subStr)
+{
+   int count = 0;   // counts how many times it appears
+   std::string::size_type x = 0;       // The index position in the string
+
+   do
+   {
+      x = str.find(subStr,x);       // Find the substring
+      if (x != std::string::npos)   // If present
+      {
+         count++;                  // increase the count
+         x += subStr.length();     // Skip this word
+      }
+   }
+   while (x != std::string::npos);  // Carry on until not present
+
+   return count;
 }
-*/
 
-void gdcmDebug::Assert(int Level, bool Test,
-                 const char * Msg1, const char * Msg2) {
-   if (Level > DebugLevel)
-      return ;
-   if (!Test)
-      cerr << Msg1 << ' ' << Msg2 << '\n';
+/**
+ * \ingroup Globals
+ * \brief  Weed out a string from the non-printable characters (in order
+ *         to avoid corrupting the terminal of invocation when printing)
+ * @param s string to remove non printable characters from
+ */
+std::string Util::CreateCleanString(std::string const &s)
+{
+   std::string str = s;
+
+   for(unsigned int i=0; i<str.size(); i++)
+   {
+      if(!isprint((unsigned char)str[i]))
+      {
+         str[i] = '.';
+      }
+   }
+
+   if(str.size() > 0)
+   {
+      if(!isprint((unsigned char)s[str.size()-1]))
+      {
+         if(s[str.size()-1] == 0)
+         {
+            str[str.size()-1] = ' ';
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   return str;
 }
 
-void gdcmDebug::Error( bool Test, const char * Msg1, const char * Msg2) {
-   if (!Test)
-      return;
-   std::cerr << Msg1 << ' ' << Msg2 << '\n';
-   Exit(1);
+/**
+ * \ingroup Globals
+ * \brief   Add a SEPARATOR to the end of the name is necessary
+ * @param   pathname file/directory name to normalize 
+ */
+std::string Util::NormalizePath(std::string const &pathname)
+{
+   const char SEPARATOR_X      = '/';
+   const char SEPARATOR_WIN    = '\\';
+   const std::string SEPARATOR = "/";
+   std::string name = pathname;
+   int size = name.size();
+
+   if( name[size-1] != SEPARATOR_X && name[size-1] != SEPARATOR_WIN )
+   {
+      name += SEPARATOR;
+   }
+   return name;
 }
 
-void gdcmDebug::Error(const char* Msg1, const char* Msg2,
-                      const char* Msg3) {
-   std::cerr << Msg1 << ' ' << Msg2 << ' ' << Msg3 << '\n';
-   Exit(1);
+/**
+ * \ingroup Globals
+ * \brief   Get the (directory) path from a full path file name
+ * @param   fullName file/directory name to extract Path from
+ */
+std::string Util::GetPath(std::string const &fullName)
+{
+   std::string res = fullName;
+   int pos1 = res.rfind("/");
+   int pos2 = res.rfind("\\");
+   if( pos1 > pos2)
+   {
+      res.resize(pos1);
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      res.resize(pos2);
+   }
+
+   return res;
 }
 
-void gdcmDebug::Exit(int a) {
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-   std::exit(a);
-#endif
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-   exit(a);    // Found in #include <stdlib.h>
-#endif
+/**
+ * \ingroup Util
+ * \brief   Get the (last) name of a full path file name
+ * @param   fullName file/directory name to extract end name from
+ */
+std::string Util::GetName(std::string const &fullName)
+{   
+  std::string filename = fullName;
+
+  std::string::size_type slash_pos = filename.rfind("/");
+  std::string::size_type backslash_pos = filename.rfind("\\");
+  slash_pos = slash_pos > backslash_pos ? slash_pos : backslash_pos;
+  if(slash_pos != std::string::npos)
+    {
+    return filename.substr(slash_pos + 1);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    return filename;
+    }
+} 
+
+/**
+ * \ingroup Util
+ * \brief   Get the current date of the system in a dicom string
+ */
+std::string Util::GetCurrentDate()
+{
+    char tmp[512];
+    time_t tloc;
+    time (&tloc);    
+    strftime(tmp,512,"%Y%m%d", localtime(&tloc) );
+    return tmp;
 }
 
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-gdcmVR      * gdcmGlobal::VR    = (gdcmVR*)0;
-gdcmTS      * gdcmGlobal::TS    = (gdcmTS*)0;
-gdcmDictSet * gdcmGlobal::Dicts = (gdcmDictSet*)0;
-gdcmGlobal gdcmGlob;
+/**
+ * \ingroup Util
+ * \brief   Get the current time of the system in a dicom string
+ */
+std::string Util::GetCurrentTime()
+{
+    char tmp[512];
+    time_t tloc;
+    time (&tloc);
+    strftime(tmp,512,"%H%M%S", localtime(&tloc) );
+    return tmp;  
+}
 
-gdcmGlobal::gdcmGlobal(void) {
-   if (VR || TS || Dicts)
-      dbg.Verbose(0, "gdcmGlobal::gdcmGlobal : VR or TS or Dicts allready allocated");
-   VR = new gdcmVR();
-   TS = new gdcmTS();
-   Dicts = new gdcmDictSet();
+/**
+ * \brief Create a /DICOM/ string:
+ * It should a of even length (no odd length ever)
+ * It can contain as many (if you are reading this from your
+ * editor the following character is is backslash followed by zero
+ * that needed to be escaped with an extra backslash for doxygen) \\0
+ * as you want.
+ */
+std::string Util::DicomString(const char *s, size_t l)
+{
+   std::string r(s, s+l);
+   assert( !(r.size() % 2) ); // == basically 'l' is even
+   return r;
 }
 
-gdcmGlobal::~gdcmGlobal() {
-   delete VR;
-   delete TS;
-   delete Dicts;
+/**
+ * \ingroup Util
+ * \brief Create a /DICOM/ string:
+ * It should a of even lenght (no odd length ever)
+ * It can contain as many (if you are reading this from your
+ * editor the following character is is backslash followed by zero
+ * that needed to be escaped with an extra backslash for doxygen) \\0
+ * as you want.
+ * This function is similar to DicomString(const char*), 
+ * except it doesn't take a lenght. 
+ * It only pad with a null character if length is odd
+ */
+std::string Util::DicomString(const char *s)
+{
+   size_t l = strlen(s);
+   if( l%2 )
+   {
+      l++;
+   }
+   std::string r(s, s+l);
+   assert( !(r.size() % 2) );
+   return r;
 }
 
-gdcmVR * gdcmGlobal::GetVR(void) {
-   return VR;
+/**
+ * \ingroup Util
+ * \brief Safely compare two Dicom String:
+ *        - Both string should be of even lenght
+ *        - We allow padding of even lenght string by either a null 
+ *          character of a space
+ */
+bool Util::DicomStringEqual(const std::string &s1, const char *s2)
+{
+  // s2 is the string from the DICOM reference: 'MONOCHROME1'
+  std::string s1_even = s1; //Never change input parameter
+  std::string s2_even = DicomString( s2 );
+  if( s1_even[s1_even.size()-1] == ' ')
+  {
+    s1_even[s1_even.size()-1] = '\0'; //replace space character by null
+  }
+  return s1_even == s2_even;
 }
 
-gdcmTS * gdcmGlobal::GetTS(void) {
-   return TS;
+
+
+/**
+ * \ingroup Util
+ * \brief   tells us if the processor we are working with is BigEndian or not
+ */
+bool Util::IsCurrentProcessorBigEndian()
+{
+   uint16_t intVal = 1;
+   uint8_t bigEndianRepr[4] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01 };
+   int res = memcmp(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&intVal),
+                    reinterpret_cast<const void*>(bigEndianRepr), 4);
+   if (res == 0)
+      return true;
+   else
+      return false;
 }
-gdcmDictSet * gdcmGlobal::GetDicts(void) {
-   return Dicts;
+
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <snmp.h>
+#include <conio.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+typedef BOOL(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionInit) (
+        IN DWORD dwTimeZeroReference,
+        OUT HANDLE * hPollForTrapEvent,
+        OUT AsnObjectIdentifier * supportedView);
+
+typedef BOOL(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionTrap) (
+        OUT AsnObjectIdentifier * enterprise,
+        OUT AsnInteger * genericTrap,
+        OUT AsnInteger * specificTrap,
+        OUT AsnTimeticks * timeStamp,
+        OUT RFC1157VarBindList * variableBindings);
+
+typedef BOOL(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionQuery) (
+        IN BYTE requestType,
+        IN OUT RFC1157VarBindList * variableBindings,
+        OUT AsnInteger * errorStatus,
+        OUT AsnInteger * errorIndex);
+
+typedef BOOL(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionInitEx) (
+        OUT AsnObjectIdentifier * supportedView);
+#else
+#include <strings.h> //for bzero on unix
+#endif //_WIN32
+
+#ifdef __linux__
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __HP_aCC
+#include <netio.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _AIX
+#include <sys/ndd_var.h>
+#include <sys/kinfo.h>
+#endif
+
+long GetMacAddrSys ( u_char *addr)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+   WSADATA WinsockData;
+   if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &WinsockData) != 0) {
+       fprintf(stderr, "This program requires Winsock 2.x!\n");
+       return -1;
+   }
+
+   HINSTANCE m_hInst;
+   pSnmpExtensionInit m_Init;
+   pSnmpExtensionInitEx m_InitEx;
+   pSnmpExtensionQuery m_Query;
+   pSnmpExtensionTrap m_Trap;
+   HANDLE PollForTrapEvent;
+   AsnObjectIdentifier SupportedView;
+   UINT OID_ifEntryType[] = {
+       1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3
+   };
+   UINT OID_ifEntryNum[] = {
+       1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1
+   };
+   UINT OID_ipMACEntAddr[] = {
+       1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 6
+   };                          //, 1 ,6 };
+   AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_ifMACEntAddr =
+       { sizeof(OID_ipMACEntAddr) / sizeof(UINT), OID_ipMACEntAddr };
+   AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_ifEntryType = {
+       sizeof(OID_ifEntryType) / sizeof(UINT), OID_ifEntryType
+   };
+   AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_ifEntryNum = {
+       sizeof(OID_ifEntryNum) / sizeof(UINT), OID_ifEntryNum
+   };
+   RFC1157VarBindList varBindList;
+   RFC1157VarBind varBind[2];
+   AsnInteger errorStatus;
+   AsnInteger errorIndex;
+   AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_NULL = {
+       0, 0
+   };
+   int ret;
+   int dtmp;
+   int i = 0, j = 0;
+   BOOL found = FALSE;
+   char TempEthernet[13];
+   m_Init = NULL;
+   m_InitEx = NULL;
+   m_Query = NULL;
+   m_Trap = NULL;
+
+   /* Load the SNMP dll and get the addresses of the functions
+      necessary */
+   m_hInst = LoadLibrary("inetmib1.dll");
+   if (m_hInst < (HINSTANCE) HINSTANCE_ERROR) {
+       m_hInst = NULL;
+       return -1;
+   }
+   m_Init =
+       (pSnmpExtensionInit) GetProcAddress(m_hInst, "SnmpExtensionInit");
+   m_InitEx =
+       (pSnmpExtensionInitEx) GetProcAddress(m_hInst,
+                                             "SnmpExtensionInitEx");
+   m_Query =
+       (pSnmpExtensionQuery) GetProcAddress(m_hInst,
+                                            "SnmpExtensionQuery");
+   m_Trap =
+       (pSnmpExtensionTrap) GetProcAddress(m_hInst, "SnmpExtensionTrap");
+   m_Init(GetTickCount(), &PollForTrapEvent, &SupportedView);
+
+   /* Initialize the variable list to be retrieved by m_Query */
+   varBindList.list = varBind;
+   varBind[0].name = MIB_NULL;
+   varBind[1].name = MIB_NULL;
+
+   /* Copy in the OID to find the number of entries in the
+      Inteface table */
+   varBindList.len = 1;        /* Only retrieving one item */
+   SNMP_oidcpy(&varBind[0].name, &MIB_ifEntryNum);
+   ret =
+       m_Query(ASN_RFC1157_GETNEXTREQUEST, &varBindList, &errorStatus,
+               &errorIndex);
+   printf("# of adapters in this system : %i\n",
+          varBind[0].value.asnValue.number); varBindList.len = 2;
+
+   /* Copy in the OID of ifType, the type of interface */
+   SNMP_oidcpy(&varBind[0].name, &MIB_ifEntryType);
+
+   /* Copy in the OID of ifPhysAddress, the address */
+   SNMP_oidcpy(&varBind[1].name, &MIB_ifMACEntAddr);
+
+   do {
+
+       /* Submit the query.  Responses will be loaded into varBindList.
+          We can expect this call to succeed a # of times corresponding
+          to the # of adapters reported to be in the system */
+       ret =
+           m_Query(ASN_RFC1157_GETNEXTREQUEST, &varBindList, &errorStatus,
+                   &errorIndex); if (!ret) ret = 1;
+
+       else
+           /* Confirm that the proper type has been returned */
+           ret =
+               SNMP_oidncmp(&varBind[0].name, &MIB_ifEntryType,
+                            MIB_ifEntryType.idLength); if (!ret) {
+           j++;
+           dtmp = varBind[0].value.asnValue.number;
+           printf("Interface #%i type : %i\n", j, dtmp);
+
+           /* Type 6 describes ethernet interfaces */
+           if (dtmp == 6) {
+
+               /* Confirm that we have an address here */
+               ret =
+                   SNMP_oidncmp(&varBind[1].name, &MIB_ifMACEntAddr,
+                                MIB_ifMACEntAddr.idLength);
+               if ((!ret)
+                   && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream != NULL)) {
+                   if (
+                       (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[0] ==
+                        0x44)
+                       && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[1] ==
+                           0x45)
+                       && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[2] ==
+                           0x53)
+                       && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[3] ==
+                           0x54)
+                       && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[4] ==
+                           0x00)) {
+
+                       /* Ignore all dial-up networking adapters */
+                       printf("Interface #%i is a DUN adapter\n", j);
+                       continue;
+                   }
+                   if (
+                       (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[0] ==
+                        0x00)
+                       && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[1] ==
+                           0x00)
+                       && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[2] ==
+                           0x00)
+                       && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[3] ==
+                           0x00)
+                       && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[4] ==
+                           0x00)
+                       && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[5] ==
+                           0x00)) {
+
+                       /* Ignore NULL addresses returned by other network
+                          interfaces */
+                       printf("Interface #%i is a NULL address\n", j);
+                       continue;
+                   }
+                   sprintf((char*)addr, "%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
+                           varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[0],
+                           varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[1],
+                           varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[2],
+                           varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[3],
+                           varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[4],
+                           varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[5]);
+                   printf("MAC Address of interface #%i: %s\n", j, TempEthernet);
+              }
+           }
+       }
+   } while (!ret);         /* Stop only on an error.  An error will occur
+                              when we go exhaust the list of interfaces to
+                              be examined */
+   //getch();
+
+   /* Free the bindings */
+   SNMP_FreeVarBind(&varBind[0]);
+   SNMP_FreeVarBind(&varBind[1]);
+   return 0;
+#endif //_WIN32
+
+/* implementation for Linux */
+#ifdef __linux__
+    struct ifreq ifr;
+    struct ifreq *IFR;
+    struct ifconf ifc;
+    char buf[1024];
+    int s, i;
+    int ok = 0;
+
+    s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+    if (s==-1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(buf);
+    ifc.ifc_buf = buf;
+    ioctl(s, SIOCGIFCONF, &ifc);
+ 
+    IFR = ifc.ifc_req;
+    for (i = ifc.ifc_len / sizeof(struct ifreq); --i >= 0; IFR++) {
+
+        strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, IFR->ifr_name);
+        if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == 0) {
+            if (! (ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_LOOPBACK)) {
+                if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) == 0) {
+                    ok = 1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    close(s);
+    if (ok) {
+        bcopy( ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, addr, 6);
+    }
+    else {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+#endif
+
+/* implementation for HP-UX */
+#ifdef __HP_aCC
+
+#define LAN_DEV0 "/dev/lan0"
+
+    int fd;
+    struct fis iocnt_block;
+    int i;
+    char net_buf[sizeof(LAN_DEV0)+1];
+    char *p;
+
+    (void)sprintf(net_buf, "%s", LAN_DEV0);
+    p = net_buf + strlen(net_buf) - 1;
+
+    /* 
+     * Get 802.3 address from card by opening the driver and interrogating it.
+     */
+    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++, (*p)++) {
+        if ((fd = open (net_buf, O_RDONLY)) != -1) {
+      iocnt_block.reqtype = LOCAL_ADDRESS;
+      ioctl (fd, NETSTAT, &iocnt_block);
+      close (fd);
+
+            if (iocnt_block.vtype == 6)
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (fd == -1 || iocnt_block.vtype != 6) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+  bcopy( &iocnt_block.value.s[0], addr, 6);
+  return 0;
+
+#endif /* HPUX */
+
+/* implementation for AIX */
+#ifdef _AIX
+
+    int size;
+    struct kinfo_ndd *nddp;
+
+    size = getkerninfo(KINFO_NDD, 0, 0, 0);
+    if (size <= 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    nddp = (struct kinfo_ndd *)malloc(size);
+          
+    if (!nddp) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (getkerninfo(KINFO_NDD, nddp, &size, 0) < 0) {
+        free(nddp);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    bcopy(nddp->ndd_addr, addr, 6);
+    free(nddp);
+    return 0;
+#endif //_AIX
+
+/* Not implemented platforms */
+  return -1;
 }
 
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Because is not yet available in g++2.96
-istream& eatwhite(istream& is) {
-   char c;
-   while (is.get(c)) {
-      if (!isspace(c)) {
-         is.putback(c);
-         break;
-      }
+std::string Util::GetMACAddress()
+{
+   // This is a rip from: http://cplus.kompf.de/macaddr.html for Linux, HPUX and AIX 
+   // and http://tangentsoft.net/wskfaq/examples/src/snmpmac.cpp for windows version
+   long stat;
+   u_char addr[6];
+   std::string macaddr;
+ 
+   stat = GetMacAddrSys( addr);
+   if (0 == stat)
+   {
+      //printf( "MAC address = ");
+        for (int i=0; i<6; ++i) 
+        {
+            //printf("%2.2x", addr[i]);
+            macaddr += Format("%2.2x", addr[i]);
+        }
+       // printf( "\n");
+      return macaddr;
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      //printf( "No MAC address !\n" );
+      return "";
    }
-   return is;
 }
 
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Because is not  available in C++ (?)
+/**
+ * \ingroup Util
+ * \brief   Return the IP adress of the machine writting the DICOM image
+ */
+std::string Util::GetIPAddress()
+{
+  // This is a rip from http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/I-N/internet/network/article.php/c3445/
+#ifndef HOST_NAME_MAX
+  // SUSv2 guarantees that `Host names are limited to 255 bytes'.
+  // POSIX 1003.1-2001 guarantees that `Host names (not including the
+  // terminating NUL) are limited to HOST_NAME_MAX bytes'.
+#  define HOST_NAME_MAX 255
+  // In this case we should maybe check the string was not truncated.
+  // But I don't known how to check that...
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+  // with WinSock DLL we need to initialise the WinSock before using gethostname
+  WORD wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1,0);
+  WSADATA WSAData;
+  int err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested,&WSAData);
+  if (err != 0) {
+      /* Tell the user that we could not find a usable */
+      /* WinSock DLL.                                  */
+      WSACleanup();
+      return "127.0.0.1";
+  }
+#endif
+  
+#endif //HOST_NAME_MAX
 
-void Tokenize (const string& str,
-               vector<string>& tokens,
-               const string& delimiters) {
-   string::size_type lastPos = str.find_first_not_of(delimiters,0);
-   string::size_type pos     = str.find_first_of    (delimiters,lastPos);
-   while (string::npos != pos || string::npos != lastPos) {
-      tokens.push_back(str.substr(lastPos, pos - lastPos));
-      lastPos = str.find_first_not_of(delimiters, pos);
-      pos     = str.find_first_of    (delimiters, lastPos);
-   }
+  std::string str;
+  char szHostName[HOST_NAME_MAX+1];
+  int r = gethostname(szHostName, HOST_NAME_MAX);
+
+  if( r == 0 )
+  {
+    // Get host adresses
+    struct hostent *pHost = gethostbyname(szHostName);
+
+    for( int i = 0; pHost!= NULL && pHost->h_addr_list[i]!= NULL; i++ )
+    {
+      for( int j = 0; j<pHost->h_length; j++ )
+      {
+        if( j > 0 ) str += ".";
+
+        str += Util::Format("%u", 
+            (unsigned int)((unsigned char*)pHost->h_addr_list[i])[j]);
+      }
+      // str now contains one local IP address 
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+  WSACleanup();
+#endif
+  
+    }
+  }
+  // If an error occur r == -1
+  // Most of the time it will return 127.0.0.1...
+  return str;
 }
 
+/**
+ * \ingroup Util
+ * \brief Creates a new UID. As stipulate in the DICOM ref
+ *        each time a DICOM image is create it should have 
+ *        a unique identifier (URI)
+ */
+std::string Util::CreateUniqueUID(const std::string &root)
+{
+  // The code works as follow:
+  // echo "gdcm" | od -b
+  // 0000000 147 144 143 155 012
+  // Therefore we return
+  // radical + 147.144.143.155 + IP + time()
+  std::string radical = root;
+  if( !root.size() ) //anything better ?
+  {
+    radical = "0.0."; // Is this really usefull ?
+  }
+  // else
+  // A root was specified use it to forge our new UID:
+  radical += "147.144.143.155"; // gdcm
+  radical += ".";
+  radical += Util::GetIPAddress();
+  radical += ".";
+  radical += Util::GetCurrentDate();
+  radical += ".";
+  radical += Util::GetCurrentTime();
 
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// to prevent a flashing screen when non-printable character
+  return radical;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::ostream &binary_write(std::ostream &os, const T &val)
+{
+    return os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof val);
+}
 
-char * _cleanString(char *v) {
-   char *d;
-   int i, l;
-   l = strlen(v);
-   for (i=0,d=v; 
-        i<l ; 
-        i++,d++) {
-      if (!isprint(*d))
-         *d = '.';
-      }	
-   return v;
+std::ostream &binary_write(std::ostream &os, const uint16_t &val)
+{
+#ifdef GDCM_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+    uint16_t swap;
+    swap = ((( val << 8 ) & 0x0ff00 ) | (( val >> 8 ) & 0x00ff ) );
+    return os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&swap), 2);
+#else
+    return os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), 2);
+#endif //GDCM_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
 }
 
+std::ostream &binary_write(std::ostream &os, const uint32_t &val)
+{
+#ifdef GDCM_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+    uint32_t swap;
+    swap = ( ((val<<24) & 0xff000000) | ((val<<8)  & 0x00ff0000) | 
+             ((val>>8)  & 0x0000ff00) | ((val>>24) & 0x000000ff) );
+    return os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&swap), 4);
+#else
+    return os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), 4);
+#endif //GDCM_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+}
 
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// to prevent a flashing screen when non-printable character
+std::ostream &binary_write(std::ostream &os, const char *val)
+{
+    return os.write(val, strlen(val));
+}
 
-char * _CreateCleanString(string s) {
-   char *d, *di, *v;
-   int i, l;
-   v=(char*)s.c_str();
-   l = strlen(v);
-   d = di = strdup(v);
-   for (i=0; 
-        i<l ; 
-        i++,di++,v++) {
-      if (!isprint(*v))
-         *di = '.';
-      }	
-   return d;
+std::ostream &binary_write(std::ostream &os, std::string const &val)
+{
+    return os.write(val.c_str(), val.size());
 }
 
+} // end namespace gdcm
+