This is not the decompression gone wrong, this is the image being incorrectly
encoded. The problem is that the JPEG bitstream in this image is in YCbCr
color space, but DICOM PhotometricInterpretation claims that the color space
is RGB.

In dcmdjpeg, you have a command line option --conv-always that enforces a
conversion from YCbCr to RGB and another option --conv-lossy that enforces
this conversion for lossy JPEG only. Both solve the problem with this image.

Both option are not enabled by default, though, because they would cause some
legitimate DICOM images to be displayed incorrectly. We prefer that the
default behaviour of our tools is to correctly process correct data. Options
that are needed for incorrect objects and would cause certain correct objects
to be processed incorrectly (even if only in rare cases) are never enabled by
default.