MR_Philips_Intera_Broken.dcm was read again on ViewForum, sent on Philips EasyVision console, and a CDROM was burnt No more trouble, nowhere ! Private Sequences are 'Implicit VR', (and their length is *not* 0xffffffff) Readers cannot know it's a Sequence; they just read it as a long value. If we take into account Phillips Intera 'shadow dictionnary', same problem as for MR_Philips_Intera_Broken.dcm occurs again, *for 2 reasons* : endianess is swapped inside Private Sequence 2001|105f, The TS was Implicit VR; it becomes EXPLICIT VR ! gdcm heuristics is broken :-(