2018 BUG Take out the SQLite(dll lib h) from source and put it in creaThirdPartyLib...

diff --git a/win32/CMakeLists.txt b/win32/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 0903896..0000000
--- a/win32/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-#
-# Copyright (c) CREATIS (Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image 
-#                        pour la Santé)
-# Authors : Eduardo Davila, Frederic Cervenansky, Claire Mouton
-# Previous Authors : Laurent Guigues, Jean-Pierre Roux
-# CreaTools website : www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/site/fr/creatools_accueil
-#
-#  This software is governed by the CeCILL-B license under French law and 
-#  abiding by the rules of distribution of free software. You can  use, 
-#  modify and/ or redistribute the software under the terms of the CeCILL-B 
-#  license as circulated by CEA, CNRS and INRIA at the following URL 
-#  http://www.cecill.info/licences/Licence_CeCILL-B_V1-en.html 
-#  or in the file LICENSE.txt.
-#
-#  As a counterpart to the access to the source code and  rights to copy,
-#  modify and redistribute granted by the license, users are provided only
-#  with a limited warranty  and the software's author,  the holder of the
-#  economic rights,  and the successive licensors  have only  limited
-#  liability. 
-#
-#  The fact that you are presently reading this means that you have had
-#  knowledge of the CeCILL-B license and that you accept its terms.
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-IF (WIN32)
-       configure_file(sqlite3.dll ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/Debug/sqlite3.dll COPYONLY)  
-       configure_file(sqlite3.dll ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/Release/sqlite3.dll COPYONLY)  
-       configure_file(sqlite3.dll ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/RelWithDebInfo/sqlite3.dll COPYONLY)  
-ENDIF(WIN32)
\ No newline at end of file

diff --git a/win32/sqlite3.dll b/win32/sqlite3.dll
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 7b07c55..0000000
Binary files a/win32/sqlite3.dll and /dev/null differ

diff --git a/win32/sqlite3.h b/win32/sqlite3.h
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index d72fdbd..0000000
--- a/win32/sqlite3.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5734 +0,0 @@
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
-** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
-** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
-** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
-** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
-**
-** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
-** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
-** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
-** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
-** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
-**
-** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
-** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
-** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
-**
-** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
-** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
-** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
-** part of the build process.
-*/
-#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
-#define _SQLITE3_H_
-#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
-
-/*
-** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
-*/
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Add the ability to override 'extern'
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
-# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_API
-# define SQLITE_API
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
-** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
-** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
-** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
-** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
-**
-** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
-** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
-** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
-** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
-** noop macros.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
-#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
-
-/*
-** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
-# undef SQLITE_VERSION
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
-# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
-**
-** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
-** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
-** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
-** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
-** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
-** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
-** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
-** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
-** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
-** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
-** and Z will be reset to zero.
-**
-** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
-** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
-** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evalutes to
-** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
-** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
-** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
-** hash of the entire source tree.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
-** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
-** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
-*/
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.6.23.1"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3006023
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2010-03-26 22:28:06 b078b588d617e07886ad156e9f54ade6d823568e"
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
-**
-** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
-** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
-** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
-** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
-** the header, and thus insure that the application is
-** compiled with matching library and header files.
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
-** </pre></blockquote>)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
-** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
-** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
-** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
-** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
-** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
-** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
-** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1 
-** indicating whether the specified option was defined at 
-** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the 
-** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().  
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows interating
-** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
-** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
-** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_ 
-** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by 
-** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
-**
-** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
-** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifing the 
-** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
-**
-** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
-** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
-** SQLite was compiled mutexing code omitted due to the
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
-**
-** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
-** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0, 
-** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
-** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
-**
-** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
-** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
-** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
-** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
-**
-** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
-** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
-** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
-**
-** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
-** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
-** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
-** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
-** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
-** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
-** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
-** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
-** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
-** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
-**
-** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
-** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
-**
-** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
-** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
-** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
-** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
-** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
-** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
-** sqlite3 object.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
-**
-** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
-** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
-**
-** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
-** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
-** compatibility only.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
-** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
-** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values 
-** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
-  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
-#else
-  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
-#endif
-typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
-typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
-
-/*
-** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
-** substitute integer for floating-point.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-# define double sqlite3_int64
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_close() routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
-** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() return SQLITE_OK if the [sqlite3] object is
-** successfullly destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
-**
-** Applications must [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
-** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
-** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
-** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
-** outstanding [prepared statements] or [BLOB handles], then it returns
-** SQLITE_BUSY.
-**
-** ^If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
-** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
-**
-** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
-** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
-** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
-** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
-** ^Calling sqlite3_close() with a NULL pointer argument is a 
-** harmless no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
-
-/*
-** The type for a callback function.
-** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
-** compatibility and is not documented.
-*/
-typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
-**
-** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
-** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
-** without having to use a lot of C code. 
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
-** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
-** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
-** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
-** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
-** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
-** to sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
-** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
-** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
-** ignored.
-**
-** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
-** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
-** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
-** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
-** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
-** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
-** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
-** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
-** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
-** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
-** NULL before returning.
-**
-** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
-** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
-** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
-**
-** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
-** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
-** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
-** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
-** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
-** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
-** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
-** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
-** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
-**
-** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
-** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or 
-** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
-** is not changed.
-**
-** Restrictions:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
-**      is a valid and open [database connection].
-** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
-**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
-** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
-**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
-** </ul>
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
-  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
-  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
-  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
-  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
-  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
-** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
-** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
-**
-** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
-** here in order to indicates success or failure.
-**
-** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
-**
-** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes]
-*/
-#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
-/* beginning-of-error-codes */
-#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
-#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
-#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
-#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
-#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
-#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
-#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
-#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
-#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
-#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
-#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
-#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* NOT USED. Table or record not found */
-#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
-#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
-#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* NOT USED. Database lock protocol error */
-#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
-#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
-#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
-#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
-#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
-#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
-#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
-#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
-#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
-#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
-#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
-#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
-/* end-of-error-codes */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
-** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
-** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
-**
-** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
-** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
-** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
-** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
-** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
-** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
-** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
-** on a per database connection basis using the
-** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
-**
-** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
-** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
-** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
-** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
-**
-** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
-** be exactly zero.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
-#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED | (1<<8) )
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
-**
-** These bit values are intended for use in the
-** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
-** in the 4th parameter to the xOpen method of the
-** [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
-**
-** The xDeviceCapabilities method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
-** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
-** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
-** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
-** refers to.
-**
-** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
-** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
-** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
-** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
-** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
-** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
-** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
-** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
-** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
-** to xWrite().
-*/
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC          0x00000001
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512       0x00000002
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K        0x00000004
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K        0x00000008
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K        0x00000010
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K        0x00000020
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K       0x00000040
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K       0x00000080
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K       0x00000100
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND     0x00000200
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL      0x00000400
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
-**
-** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
-** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
-** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
-**
-** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
-** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
-** these integer values as the second argument.
-**
-** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
-** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
-** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
-** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
-** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
-** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
-*/
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
-**
-** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the 
-** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
-** implementations will
-** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
-** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
-** I/O operations on the open file.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
-struct sqlite3_file {
-  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
-**
-** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method populates an
-** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
-** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
-** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
-** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
-**
-** If the xOpen method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element 
-** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
-** may be invoked even if the xOpen reported that it failed.  The
-** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed xOpen
-** is for the xOpen to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element to NULL.
-**
-** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
-** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
-** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
-** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
-** and not its inode needs to be synced.
-**
-** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
-** </ul>
-** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
-** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
-** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
-** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
-** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
-**
-** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
-** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
-** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
-** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
-** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
-** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
-** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
-** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
-** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
-** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
-** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
-** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
-** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.
-**
-** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
-** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
-** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
-** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
-** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
-** underlying device:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
-** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
-** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
-** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
-** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
-** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
-** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
-** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
-** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
-** to xWrite().
-**
-** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
-** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
-** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
-** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
-** database corruption.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
-struct sqlite3_io_methods {
-  int iVersion;
-  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
-  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
-  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
-  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
-  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
-  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
-  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
-  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
-  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
-  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
-  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
-  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
-  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
-**
-** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
-** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
-** interface.
-**
-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
-** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
-** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
-** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
-** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
-** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
-** is defined.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE        1
-#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      2
-#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      3
-#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             4
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
-**
-** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
-** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
-** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
-** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
-**
-** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
-**
-** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
-** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
-** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".
-**
-** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
-** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
-** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
-** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
-** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
-** modified.
-**
-** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
-** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
-** a pathname in this VFS.
-**
-** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
-** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
-** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
-** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
-** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
-** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
-**
-** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
-** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
-** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
-** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
-** object once the object has been registered.
-**
-** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
-** be unique across all VFS modules.
-**
-** SQLite will guarantee that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
-** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
-** from xFullPathname().  SQLite further guarantees that
-** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
-** called. Because of the previous sentence,
-** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
-** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
-** If the zFilename parameter is xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
-** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  Whenever the 
-** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
-** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
-**
-** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
-** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
-** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. 
-** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
-** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
-**
-** SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
-** call, depending on the object being opened:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
-** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
-** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
-** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
-** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
-** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
-** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
-** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
-**
-** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
-** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
-** deleted when it is closed.  The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
-** will be set for TEMP  databases, journals and for subjournals.
-**
-** The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
-** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
-** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
-** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the 
-** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
-** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
-** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened 
-** for exclusive access.
-**
-** At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
-** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
-** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
-** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
-** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
-** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
-** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
-** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
-** or failure of the xOpen call.
-**
-** The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
-** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
-** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
-** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
-** directory.
-**
-** SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
-** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
-** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
-** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
-** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
-** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
-**
-** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), and xCurrentTime() interfaces
-** are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
-** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
-** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
-** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
-** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
-** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
-** least the number of microseconds given.  The xCurrentTime()
-** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time.
-**
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
-struct sqlite3_vfs {
-  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number */
-  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
-  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
-  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
-  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
-  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
-  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
-               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
-  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
-  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
-  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
-  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
-  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
-  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
-  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
-  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
-  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
-  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
-  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
-  /* New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
-  ** value will increment whenever this happens. */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
-**
-** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
-** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
-** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
-** simply checks whether the file exists.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
-** checks whether the file is both readable and writable.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
-** checks whether the file is readable.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
-** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
-** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
-** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
-** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
-** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
-**
-** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
-** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
-** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
-** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
-** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
-** are harmless no-ops.)^
-**
-** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
-** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
-** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
-** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
-**
-** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
-** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
-** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
-** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
-** sqlite3_shutdown().
-**
-** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
-** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
-** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
-** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
-** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
-** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
-** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
-** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
-** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
-** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
-** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
-** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
-** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
-** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
-** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
-** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
-** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
-** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
-** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
-**
-** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
-** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
-** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
-** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
-** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
-** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
-** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
-**
-** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
-** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
-** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
-** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
-** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
-** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
-** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
-** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
-** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
-** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
-** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
-** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
-** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
-** failure.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
-**
-** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
-** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
-** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
-** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
-** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
-**
-** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
-** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
-** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
-** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
-** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
-** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
-** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
-** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
-** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
-**
-** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option] that determines
-** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
-** vary depending on the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option]
-** in the first argument.
-**
-** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
-** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
-** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
-** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
-** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
-** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).  The
-** sqlite3_db_config() interface should only be used immediately after
-** the database connection is created using [sqlite3_open()],
-** [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()].  
-**
-** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
-** configuration verb - an integer code that indicates what
-** aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
-** The only choice for this value is [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE].
-** New verbs are likely to be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Additional arguments depend on the verb.
-**
-** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
-** the call is considered successful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
-** and low-level memory allocation routines.
-**
-** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
-** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
-** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].  
-** By creating an instance of this object
-** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
-** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
-** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
-** dynamic memory needs.
-**
-** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
-** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
-** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
-** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
-** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
-** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
-** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
-** conditions.
-**
-** The xMalloc and xFree methods must work like the
-** malloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
-** The xRealloc method must work like realloc() from the standard C library
-** with the exception that if the second argument to xRealloc is zero,
-** xRealloc must be a no-op - it must not perform any allocation or
-** deallocation.  ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
-** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
-** And so in cases where xRoundup always returns a positive number,
-** xRealloc can perform exactly as the standard library realloc() and
-** still be in compliance with this specification.
-**
-** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
-** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
-** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
-**
-** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
-** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
-** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
-** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
-** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
-** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0, 
-** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
-**
-** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
-** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
-** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
-** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
-** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
-** xInit and xShutdown.
-**
-** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
-** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
-** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
-** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
-** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
-** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
-** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
-** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
-** serialization.
-**
-** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
-** call to xShutdown().
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
-struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
-  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
-  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
-  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
-  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
-  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
-  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
-  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
-  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
-** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
-**
-** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
-** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
-** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
-** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
-** is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
-** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
-** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
-** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return 
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
-** configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
-** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
-** The application is responsible for serializing access to
-** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
-** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
-** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
-** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
-** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
-** all mutexes including the recursive
-** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
-** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
-** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
-** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
-** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
-** ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
-** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
-** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
-** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
-** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
-** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
-** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
-** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
-** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
-** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a 
-** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation 
-** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the 
-** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
-**   <ul>
-**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
-**   </ul>)^
-** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
-** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
-** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
-** </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
-** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
-** aligned memory buffer from which the scrach allocations will be
-** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
-** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
-** argument must be a multiple of 16. The sz parameter should be a few bytes
-** larger than the actual scratch space required due to internal overhead.
-** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
-** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will use no more than one scratch buffer per thread.  So
-** N should be set to the expected maximum number of threads.  ^SQLite will
-** never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6 times the database
-** page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional scratch memory beyond 
-** what is provided by this configuration option, then 
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
-** the database page cache with the default page cache implemenation.  
-** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
-** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE option.
-** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
-** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
-** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
-** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
-** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
-** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
-** to make sz a little too large.  The first
-** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
-** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
-** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
-** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
-** ^The implementation might use one or more of the N buffers to hold 
-** memory accounting information. The pointer in the first argument must
-** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
-** will be undefined.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
-** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
-** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
-** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
-** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
-** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
-** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
-** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
-** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
-** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
-** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
-** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
-** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
-** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
-** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
-** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
-** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
-** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
-** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
-** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
-** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
-** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
-** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
-** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
-** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
-** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
-** [database connection].  The first argument is the
-** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
-** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
-** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
-** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
-** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
-** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  This object specifies the interface
-** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
-** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  SQLite copies of the current
-** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
-/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */ 
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
-** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
-**
-** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
-** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
-** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
-** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
-** is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the 
-** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
-** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
-** pointer to an memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
-** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
-** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
-** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
-** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
-** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
-** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
-** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
-** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
-** rounded down to the next smaller
-** multiple of 8.  See also: [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]</dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE    1001  /* void* int int */
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
-** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
-** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
-**
-** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
-** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
-** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
-** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
-** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
-** is another alias for the rowid.
-**
-** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
-** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
-** in the first argument.  ^If no successful [INSERT]s
-** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
-**
-** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger, then the [rowid] of the inserted
-** row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger is running.
-** But once the trigger terminates, the value returned by this routine
-** reverts to the last value inserted before the trigger fired.)^
-**
-** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
-** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
-** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
-** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
-** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
-** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
-** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
-** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
-** the return value of this interface.)^
-**
-** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
-** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
-**
-** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
-** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
-** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
-** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
-** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
-** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
-** last insert [rowid].
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
-** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
-** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
-** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
-** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
-** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
-** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
-** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
-**
-** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
-** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
-**
-** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
-** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
-** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
-** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
-** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
-**
-** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
-** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger]. 
-** Most SQL statements are
-** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
-** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
-** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
-** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
-**
-** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
-** not create a new trigger context.
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
-** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
-** trigger context.
-**
-** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
-** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
-** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
-** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** statement within the body of the same trigger.
-** However, the number returned does not include changes
-** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
-** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
-** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
-** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
-** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
-** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
-** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
-** [foreign key actions]. However,
-** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
-** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
-** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
-** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes 
-** are counted.)^
-** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
-** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
-** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
-** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
-** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
-** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
-**
-** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
-** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
-** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
-** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
-** immediately.
-**
-** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
-** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
-** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
-** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
-**
-** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
-** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
-** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
-**
-** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
-** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
-** will be rolled back automatically.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
-** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the 
-** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
-** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
-** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
-** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
-** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
-** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
-**
-** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
-** is running then bad things will likely happen.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
-**
-** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
-** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
-** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
-** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
-** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
-** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
-** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
-** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
-** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
-** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
-** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
-**
-** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
-** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
-**
-** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
-** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
-**
-** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior 
-** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
-** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
-** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
-** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
-**
-** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
-** UTF-8 string.
-**
-** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
-** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
-**
-** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
-** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
-** or process has locked.
-**
-** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
-** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
-** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
-**
-** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
-** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
-** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
-** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
-** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
-** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
-** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
-** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
-**
-** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
-** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
-** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
-** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
-** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
-** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
-** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
-** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
-** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
-** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
-** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
-** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
-** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
-** the second process to proceed.
-**
-** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
-**
-** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
-** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
-** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
-** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
-** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
-** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
-** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
-** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
-** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
-** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
-** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
-** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
-** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
-** this is important.
-**
-** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
-** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
-** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
-** will also set or clear the busy handler.
-**
-** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
-** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
-** result in undefined behavior.
-** 
-** A busy handler must not close the database connection
-** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
-**
-** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
-** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
-** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
-** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
-** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
-** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
-**
-** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
-** turns off all busy handlers.
-**
-** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
-** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
-** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
-** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
-**
-** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
-** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
-** complete query results from one or more queries.
-**
-** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
-** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
-** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
-** and M be the number of columns.
-**
-** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
-** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
-** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
-** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
-** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
-** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
-**
-** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
-** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
-** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
-**
-** As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
-** is as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**        Name        | Age
-**        -----------------------
-**        Alice       | 43
-**        Bob         | 28
-**        Cindy       | 21
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
-** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
-** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
-**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
-**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
-**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
-**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
-**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
-**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
-**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
-** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
-** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
-** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
-**
-** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
-** it should pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
-** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
-** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
-** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
-** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
-** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
-** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
-** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
-** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()].)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
-  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
-  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
-  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
-  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
-  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
-);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
-**
-** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
-** from the standard C library.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
-** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
-** The strings returned by these two routines should be
-** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
-** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
-** memory to hold the resulting string.
-**
-** ^(In sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
-** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
-** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
-** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
-** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
-** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
-** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
-** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
-** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
-** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
-** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
-** now without breaking compatibility.
-**
-** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
-** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
-** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
-** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
-** written will be n-1 characters.
-**
-** These routines all implement some additional formatting
-** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
-** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
-** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
-**
-** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a null-terminated
-** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
-** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
-** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
-** the string.
-**
-** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
-**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
-**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
-** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
-** would have looked like this:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
-** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
-**
-** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
-** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
-** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
-** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
-**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
-**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
-** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
-** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
-** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
-**
-** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
-** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
-** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
-** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
-** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
-** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
-** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
-** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
-** a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
-** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
-** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
-** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
-** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
-** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
-** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
-** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
-** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
-** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
-** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
-** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
-** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
-** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
-** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
-** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
-** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
-** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
-** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
-** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
-** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
-** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
-** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
-** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
-** is not freed.
-**
-** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
-** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary.
-**
-** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
-** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
-** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
-** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
-**
-** The Windows OS interface layer calls
-** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
-** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
-** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
-** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
-** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
-** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
-**
-** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
-** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
-** not yet been released.
-**
-** The application must not read or write any part of
-** a block of memory after it has been released using
-** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
-**
-** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
-** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
-** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
-** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
-** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
-** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
-** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
-** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
-** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
-** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
-**
-** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
-** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
-** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
-** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
-** prior to the reset.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
-**
-** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
-** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
-** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
-** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
-** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
-**
-** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
-**
-** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
-** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
-** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
-** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
-** method.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
-**
-** ^This routine registers a authorizer callback with a particular
-** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
-** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
-** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
-** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
-** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
-** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
-** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
-** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
-** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
-** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
-** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
-** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
-** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
-** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
-**
-** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
-** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
-** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
-** access is denied. 
-**
-** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
-** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
-** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
-** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
-** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
-** details about the action to be authorized.
-**
-** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
-** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
-** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
-** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
-** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
-** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
-** columns of a table.
-** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
-** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
-** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
-**
-** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
-** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
-** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
-** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
-** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
-** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
-** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
-** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
-** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
-** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
-**
-** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
-** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
-** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
-** in addition to using an authorizer.
-**
-** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
-** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
-** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
-** The authorizer is disabled by default.
-**
-** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
-** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a 
-** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
-** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
-**
-** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
-** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
-** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
-** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
-** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
-  sqlite3*,
-  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
-  void *pUserData
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
-**
-** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
-** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
-** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
-** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
-** information.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
-#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
-**
-** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
-** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
-** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
-** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
-** the authorizer callback may be passed.
-**
-** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
-** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
-** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
-** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
-** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
-** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
-** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
-** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
-** top-level SQL code.
-*/
-/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
-#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
-#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
-#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
-#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
-#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
-#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
-** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
-**
-** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
-** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
-** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
-** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
-** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
-** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
-** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
-**
-** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
-** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
-** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
-** of how long that statement took to run.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
-   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
-**
-** ^This routine configures a callback function - the
-** progress callback - that is invoked periodically during long
-** running calls to [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and
-** [sqlite3_get_table()].  An example use for this
-** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
-**
-** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
-** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
-** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
-**
-** The progress handler must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
-**
-** ^These routines open an SQLite database file whose name is given by the
-** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
-** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
-** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
-** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
-** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
-** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
-** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
-** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
-** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
-**
-** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
-** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
-** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
-**
-** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
-** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
-** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
-**
-** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
-** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
-** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
-** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
-** the following three values, optionally combined with the 
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
-** and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flags:)^
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
-** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
-** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
-** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is creates it if
-** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-**
-** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
-** combinations shown above or one of the combinations shown above combined
-** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX],
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flags,
-** then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
-** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
-** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
-** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
-** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
-** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
-** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
-** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
-** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
-**
-** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
-** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
-** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
-** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
-** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
-** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
-** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
-**
-** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
-** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
-** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
-**
-** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
-** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
-** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
-** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
-**
-** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
-** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
-** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
-** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
-** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
-  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
-  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
-  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-  int flags,              /* Flags */
-  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
-** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
-** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
-** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
-** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
-** interface is the same except that it always returns the 
-** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
-** disabled.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
-** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
-** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
-** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
-** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
-** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
-**
-** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
-** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
-** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
-** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
-** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
-** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
-** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
-** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
-** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
-**
-** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
-** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
-** error code and message may or may not be set.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
-** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
-**
-** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
-** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
-** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
-**
-** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
-**
-** <ol>
-** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
-**      function.
-** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
-**      interfaces.
-** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
-** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
-**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
-** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
-** </ol>
-**
-** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
-** information.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
-**
-** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
-** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
-** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
-** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
-** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
-** new limit for that construct.  The function returns the old limit.)^
-**
-** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
-** ^(For the limit category of SQLITE_LIMIT_XYZ there is a 
-** [limits | hard upper bound]
-** set by a compile-time C preprocessor macro named 
-** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_XYZ].
-** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
-** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
-** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
-**
-** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
-** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
-** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
-** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
-** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
-** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
-** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
-** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
-** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
-** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
-** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
-** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
-**
-** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
-** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
-**
-** These constants define various performance limits
-** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
-** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
-** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row.<dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
-** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
-** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
-** used to implement an SQL statement.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
-** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of variables in an SQL statement that can
-** be bound.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
-** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
-**
-** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
-** program using one of these routines.
-**
-** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
-** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
-** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
-**
-** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
-** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
-** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
-** use UTF-16.
-**
-** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
-** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
-** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
-** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
-** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
-** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
-** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
-** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
-** the nul-terminator bytes.
-**
-** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
-** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
-** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
-** what remains uncompiled.
-**
-** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
-** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
-** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
-** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
-** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
-** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
-** ppStmt may not be NULL.
-**
-** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
-** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
-**
-** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
-** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
-** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
-** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
-** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
-** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
-** behave differently in three ways:
-**
-** <ol>
-** <li>
-** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
-** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
-** statement and try to run it again.  ^If the schema has changed in
-** a way that makes the statement no longer valid, [sqlite3_step()] will still
-** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  But unlike the legacy behavior, [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is
-** now a fatal error.  Calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
-** error go away.  Note: use [sqlite3_errmsg()] to find the text
-** of the parsing error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return.
-** </li>
-**
-** <li>
-** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
-** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
-** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
-** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
-** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
-** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
-** </li>
-**
-** <li>
-** ^If the value of a [parameter | host parameter] in the WHERE clause might
-** change the query plan for a statement, then the statement may be
-** automatically recompiled (as if there had been a schema change) on the first 
-** [sqlite3_step()] call following any change to the 
-** [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of the [parameter]. 
-** </li>
-** </ol>
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
-**
-** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
-** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
-** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
-** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
-**
-** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
-** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
-** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
-** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
-**
-** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
-** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
-** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
-** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
-** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
-**
-** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
-** a mutex is held.  A internal mutex is held for a protected
-** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
-** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
-** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
-** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes 
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
-** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
-** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
-** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
-** still make the distinction between between protected and unprotected
-** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
-** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
-** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
-** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
-** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
-** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
-** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
-** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
-*/
-typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
-**
-** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
-** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
-** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
-** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
-** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
-** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
-** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
-** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
-** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
-** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
-**
-** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
-** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
-** templates:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  ?
-** <li>  ?NNN
-** <li>  :VVV
-** <li>  @VVV
-** <li>  $VVV
-** </ul>
-**
-** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
-** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifer.)^  ^The values of these
-** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
-** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
-**
-** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
-** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
-**
-** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
-** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
-** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
-** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
-** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
-** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
-** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
-** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
-**
-** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
-**
-** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
-** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
-** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
-** ^If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
-** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
-**
-** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
-** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
-** string after SQLite has finished with it. ^If the fifth argument is
-** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
-** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
-** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
-** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
-** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
-** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
-** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
-** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
-** content is later written using
-** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
-** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
-**
-** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
-** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
-** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
-** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
-** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
-** result is undefined and probably harmful.
-**
-** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
-** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
-** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
-** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
-** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
-**
-** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
-** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
-** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
-** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
-** to the parameters at a later time.
-**
-** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
-** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
-** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
-** there may be gaps in the list.)^
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
-** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
-** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
-** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
-** respectively.
-** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
-** is included as part of the name.)^
-** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
-** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
-**
-** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
-**
-** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
-** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
-** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
-** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
-** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
-**
-** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
-** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
-** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
-** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
-** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
-** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
-**
-** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
-** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
-** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
-**
-** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
-** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
-** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
-**
-** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
-** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
-** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
-** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
-** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
-** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
-** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
-**
-** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
-** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the next call to
-** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
-**
-** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
-** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
-** NULL pointer is returned.
-**
-** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
-** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
-** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
-** one release of SQLite to the next.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
-**
-** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
-** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
-** [SELECT] statement.
-** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
-** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
-** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
-** the origin_ routines return the column name.
-** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
-** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
-** again in a different encoding.
-**
-** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
-** database, table, and column.
-**
-** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
-** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
-** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
-** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
-**
-** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
-** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
-** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
-** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
-** or column that query result column was extracted from.
-**
-** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
-** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
-**
-** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
-**
-** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
-** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
-** undefined.
-**
-** If two or more threads call one or more
-** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
-** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
-** at the same time then the results are undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
-**
-** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
-** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
-** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
-** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
-** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
-** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
-** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
-**
-** ^(For example, given the database schema:
-**
-** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
-**
-** and the following statement to be compiled:
-**
-** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
-**
-** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
-** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
-**
-** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
-** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
-** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
-** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
-** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
-** used to hold those values.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
-**
-** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
-** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
-** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
-**
-** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
-** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
-** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
-** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
-** interface will continue to be supported.
-**
-** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
-** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
-** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
-** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
-** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
-** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
-** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within a
-** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
-** continuing.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
-** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
-** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
-** machine back to its initial state.
-**
-** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
-** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
-** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
-** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
-** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
-** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
-** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
-** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
-** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
-** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
-** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
-**
-** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
-** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
-** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
-** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
-** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
-** more threads at the same moment in time.
-**
-** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
-** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
-** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
-** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
-** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
-** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
-** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
-** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
-** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
-** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
-** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) the number of columns in the
-** of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
-** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
-**
-** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> 64-bit signed integer
-** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
-** <li> string
-** <li> BLOB
-** <li> NULL
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** These constants are codes for each of those types.
-**
-** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
-** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
-** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
-** SQLITE_TEXT.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
-#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
-#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
-#define SQLITE_NULL     5
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
-# undef SQLITE_TEXT
-#else
-# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
-#endif
-#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
-** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
-**
-** These routines form the "result set" interface.
-**
-** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
-** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
-** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
-** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
-** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
-** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
-** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
-** [sqlite3_column_count()].
-**
-** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
-** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
-** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
-** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
-** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
-** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
-** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
-** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
-** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
-** are pending, then the results are undefined.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
-** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
-** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
-** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
-** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
-** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
-** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
-** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
-** following a type conversion.
-**
-** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
-** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
-** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
-** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
-** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
-** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
-** the number of bytes in that string.
-** ^The value returned does not include the zero terminator at the end
-** of the string.  ^For clarity: the value returned is the number of
-** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
-**
-** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
-** even empty strings, are always zero terminated.  ^The return
-** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is an arbitrary
-** pointer, possibly even a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_column_bytes16() routine is similar to sqlite3_column_bytes()
-** but leaves the result in UTF-16 in native byte order instead of UTF-8.
-** ^The zero terminator is not included in this count.
-**
-** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
-** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
-** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
-** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
-** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
-** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
-** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
-** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
-** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
-** that are applied:
-**
-** <blockquote>
-** <table border="1">
-** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
-**
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
-** </table>
-** </blockquote>)^
-**
-** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
-** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
-** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
-** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
-** C programmers.
-**
-** ^Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
-** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
-** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
-** ^(Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
-** in the following cases:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
-**      need to be added to the string.</li>
-** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
-**      to UTF-16.</li>
-** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
-**      to UTF-8.</li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
-** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
-** that the prior pointer points to will have been modified.  Other kinds
-** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
-** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
-**
-** ^(The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
-** in one of the following ways:
-**
-** <ul>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
-** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
-** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
-** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
-** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
-** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
-** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
-**
-** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
-** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
-** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
-** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
-** [sqlite3_free()].
-**
-** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
-** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
-** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
-** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
-** ^If the statement was executed successfully or not executed at all, then
-** SQLITE_OK is returned. ^If execution of the statement failed then an
-** [error code] or [extended error code] is returned.
-**
-** ^This routine can be called at any point during the execution of the
-** [prepared statement].  ^If the virtual machine has not
-** completed execution when this routine is called, that is like
-** encountering an error or an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt].
-** ^Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions canceled,
-** depending on the circumstances, and the
-** [error code] returned will be [SQLITE_ABORT].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
-**
-** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
-** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
-** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
-** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
-** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
-** back to the beginning of its program.
-**
-** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
-** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
-** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
-** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
-**
-** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
-** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
-** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
-** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
-** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
-**
-** ^These two functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
-** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
-** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only difference between the
-** two is that the second parameter, the name of the (scalar) function or
-** aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16
-** for sqlite3_create_function16().
-**
-** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
-** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
-** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
-** to each database connection separately.
-**
-** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
-** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of
-** the zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
-** characters.  ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
-** will result in [SQLITE_ERROR] being returned.
-**
-** ^The third parameter (nArg)
-** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
-** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
-** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
-** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
-** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
-** undefined.
-**
-** The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
-** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
-** its parameters.  Any SQL function implementation should be able to work
-** work with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
-** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
-** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
-** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
-** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
-** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
-** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
-** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
-**
-** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
-** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
-**
-** The seventh, eighth and ninth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
-** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
-** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
-** callback only; NULL pointers should be passed as the xStep and xFinal
-** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
-** and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
-** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function callbacks.
-**
-** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
-** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
-** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
-** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
-** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
-** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
-** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
-** matches the database encoding is a better
-** match than a function where the encoding is different.  
-** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
-** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
-** between UTF8 and UTF16.
-**
-** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
-** ^The first application-defined function with a given name overrides all
-** built-in functions in the same [database connection] with the same name.
-** ^Subsequent application-defined functions of the same name only override 
-** prior application-defined functions that are an exact match for the
-** number of parameters and preferred encoding.
-**
-** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
-** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
-** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
-** statement in which the function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const char *zFunctionName,
-  int nArg,
-  int eTextRep,
-  void *pApp,
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const void *zFunctionName,
-  int nArg,
-  int eTextRep,
-  void *pApp,
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
-**
-** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
-** text encodings supported by SQLite.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
-#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
-#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
-#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
-#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
-#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
-** DEPRECATED
-**
-** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
-** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue 
-** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
-** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
-** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
-**
-** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
-** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
-** the function or aggregate.
-**
-** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
-** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
-** The 4th parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
-** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
-** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
-** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
-**
-** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
-** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
-** object results in undefined behavior.
-**
-** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
-** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
-** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
-** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
-** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
-** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
-** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
-** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
-** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
-** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
-** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
-** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
-**
-** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
-** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
-** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
-** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
-** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
-**
-** These routines must be called from the same thread as
-** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
-**
-** Implementions of aggregate SQL functions use this
-** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
-**
-** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called 
-** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
-** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
-** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
-** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
-** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
-** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
-** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
-** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
-** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
-** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
-** first time from within xFinal().)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
-** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
-**
-** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
-** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
-** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
-** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
-** allocation.)^
-**
-** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by 
-** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
-**
-** The first parameter must be a copy of the
-** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
-** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
-** function.
-**
-** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
-** the aggregate SQL function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
-** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
-** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
-** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
-** registered the application defined function.
-**
-** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
-** the application-defined function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
-** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
-** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
-** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
-** registered the application defined function.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
-**
-** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
-** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
-** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
-** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
-** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
-** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
-** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
-** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
-** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
-** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
-** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
-** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
-** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
-** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
-** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
-** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
-** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
-** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
-** not been destroyed.
-** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
-** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
-** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
-** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
-**
-** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
-** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
-** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
-**
-** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
-** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
-** values and [parameters].)^
-**
-** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
-** the SQL function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
-**
-** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
-** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
-** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
-** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
-** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
-** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
-** the content before returning.
-**
-** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
-** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
-*/
-typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
-#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
-#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
-**
-** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
-** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
-** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** for additional information.
-**
-** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
-** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
-** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
-** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
-** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
-** third parameter.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
-** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
-** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
-** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
-** by its 2nd argument.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
-** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
-** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
-** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
-** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
-** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
-** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
-** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
-** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
-** message all text up through the first zero character.
-** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
-** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
-** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
-** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
-** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
-** modify the text after they return without harm.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
-** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
-** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
-** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
-** indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
-** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
-** value given in the 2nd argument.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
-** value given in the 2nd argument.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
-** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
-** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
-** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
-** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
-** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
-** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
-** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
-** through the first zero character.
-** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
-** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
-** function result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
-** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
-** finished using that result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
-** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
-** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
-** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
-** when it has finished using that result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
-** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
-** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
-** the application-defined function to be a copy the
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
-** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
-** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
-** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
-** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
-** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
-**
-** If these routines are called from within the different thread
-** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
-** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
-**
-** These functions are used to add new collation sequences to the
-** [database connection] specified as the first argument.
-**
-** ^The name of the new collation sequence is specified as a UTF-8 string
-** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
-** and a UTF-16 string for sqlite3_create_collation16(). ^In all cases
-** the name is passed as the second function argument.
-**
-** ^The third argument may be one of the constants [SQLITE_UTF8],
-** [SQLITE_UTF16LE], or [SQLITE_UTF16BE], indicating that the user-supplied
-** routine expects to be passed pointers to strings encoded using UTF-8,
-** UTF-16 little-endian, or UTF-16 big-endian, respectively. ^The
-** third argument might also be [SQLITE_UTF16] to indicate that the routine
-** expects pointers to be UTF-16 strings in the native byte order, or the
-** argument can be [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] if the
-** the routine expects pointers to 16-bit word aligned strings
-** of UTF-16 in the native byte order.
-**
-** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
-** argument.  ^If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
-** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore).
-** ^Each time the application supplied function is invoked, it is passed
-** as its first parameter a copy of the void* passed as the fourth argument
-** to sqlite3_create_collation() or sqlite3_create_collation16().
-**
-** ^The remaining arguments to the application-supplied routine are two strings,
-** each represented by a (length, data) pair and encoded in the encoding
-** that was passed as the third argument when the collation sequence was
-** registered.  The application defined collation routine should
-** return negative, zero or positive if the first string is less than,
-** equal to, or greater than the second string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
-** except that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
-** the collation.  ^The destructor is called when the collation is
-** destroyed and is passed a copy of the fourth parameter void* pointer
-** of the sqlite3_create_collation_v2().
-** ^Collations are destroyed when they are overridden by later calls to the
-** collation creation functions or when the [database connection] is closed
-** using [sqlite3_close()].
-**
-** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
-  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const void *zName,
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
-**
-** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
-** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
-** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
-** sequence is required.
-**
-** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
-** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
-** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
-** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
-** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
-**
-** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
-** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
-** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
-** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
-** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
-** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
-** required collation sequence.)^
-**
-** The callback function should register the desired collation using
-** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
-** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void*, 
-  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void*,
-  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
-);
-
-#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-/*
-** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
-** called right after sqlite3_open().
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
-** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
-** database is decrypted.
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless 
-** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
-);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
-/*
-** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless 
-** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
-);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
-** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
-**
-** ^If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
-** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
-** the nearest second. ^The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
-** requested from the operating system is returned.
-**
-** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
-** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
-**
-** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
-** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
-** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
-** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
-** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
-** temporary file directory.
-**
-** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
-** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
-** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
-** thread.
-** It is intended that this variable be set once
-** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
-** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
-** thereafter.
-**
-** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
-** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
-** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
-** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
-** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
-** using [sqlite3_free].
-** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
-** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
-** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
-** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
-** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
-** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
-** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
-** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
-**
-** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
-** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
-** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
-** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
-** an error is to use this function.
-**
-** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
-** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
-** is undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
-** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
-** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
-** that was the first argument
-** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
-** create the statement in the first place.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
-**
-** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
-** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
-** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
-** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
-** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
-**
-** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
-** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
-** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
-** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
-** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
-** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
-** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
-** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
-** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
-** the first call for each function on D.
-**
-** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
-** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
-** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
-** or rollback hook in the first place.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
-**
-** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
-** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
-** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
-** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
-** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
-**
-** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
-** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
-** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
-** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
-** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
-** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
-** rolled back because a commit callback returned non-zero.
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
-** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
-** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-**
-** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
-** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
-** to sqlite3_update_hook().
-** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
-** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
-** to be invoked.
-** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
-** database and table name containing the affected row.
-** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
-** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
-**
-** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
-** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
-**
-** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
-** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
-** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
-** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
-** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
-** release of SQLite.
-**
-** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
-** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
-** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
-** returns the P argument from the previous call
-** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
-** the first call on D.
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
-** interfaces.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
-  void*
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
-** KEYWORDS: {shared cache}
-**
-** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
-** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
-** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
-** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
-**
-** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
-** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
-** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
-**
-** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
-** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
-** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
-** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
-**
-** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
-** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
-**
-** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
-** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
-** cache setting should set it explicitly.
-**
-** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
-** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
-** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
-** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
-** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
-** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() interface places a "soft" limit
-** on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
-** ^If an internal allocation is requested that would exceed the
-** soft heap limit, [sqlite3_release_memory()] is invoked one or
-** more times to free up some space before the allocation is performed.
-**
-** ^The limit is called "soft" because if [sqlite3_release_memory()]
-** cannot free sufficient memory to prevent the limit from being exceeded,
-** the memory is allocated anyway and the current operation proceeds.
-**
-** ^A negative or zero value for N means that there is no soft heap limit and
-** [sqlite3_release_memory()] will only be called when memory is exhausted.
-** ^The default value for the soft heap limit is zero.
-**
-** ^(SQLite makes a best effort to honor the soft heap limit.
-** But if the soft heap limit cannot be honored, execution will
-** continue without error or notification.)^  This is why the limit is
-** called a "soft" limit.  It is advisory only.
-**
-** Prior to SQLite version 3.5.0, this routine only constrained the memory
-** allocated by a single thread - the same thread in which this routine
-** runs.  Beginning with SQLite version 3.5.0, the soft heap limit is
-** applied to all threads. The value specified for the soft heap limit
-** is an upper bound on the total memory allocation for all threads. In
-** version 3.5.0 there is no mechanism for limiting the heap usage for
-** individual threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
-**
-** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
-** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
-** passed as the first function argument.
-**
-** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
-** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
-** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
-** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
-** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
-** resolve unqualified table references.
-**
-** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
-** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
-** may be NULL.
-**
-** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
-** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
-** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
-**
-** ^(<blockquote>
-** <table border="1">
-** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
-**
-** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
-** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
-** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
-** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
-** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
-** </table>
-** </blockquote>)^
-**
-** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
-** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
-** call to any SQLite API function.
-**
-** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
-**
-** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
-** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
-** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
-** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
-** parameters are set as follows:
-**
-** <pre>
-**     data type: "INTEGER"
-**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
-**     not null: 0
-**     primary key: 1
-**     auto increment: 0
-** </pre>)^
-**
-** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
-** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
-** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
-** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
-**
-** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
-  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
-  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
-  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
-  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
-  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
-  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
-  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
-  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
-  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
-**
-** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
-** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
-**
-** ^The entry point is zProc.
-** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
-** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
-** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
-** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
-** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
-** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
-** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
-** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
-** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
-**
-** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
-** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
-** otherwise an error will be returned.
-**
-** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
-  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
-  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
-  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
-**
-** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
-** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
-** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
-** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
-**
-** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
-** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
-** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
-** it back off again.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load An Extensions
-**
-** ^This API can be invoked at program startup in order to register
-** one or more statically linked extensions that will be available
-** to all new [database connections].
-**
-** ^(This routine stores a pointer to the extension entry point
-** in an array that is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  That memory
-** is deallocated by [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].)^
-**
-** ^This function registers an extension entry point that is
-** automatically invoked whenever a new [database connection]
-** is opened using [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
-** or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
-** ^Duplicate extensions are detected so calling this routine
-** multiple times with the same extension is harmless.
-** ^Automatic extensions apply across all threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
-**
-** ^(This function disables all previously registered automatic
-** extensions. It undoes the effect of all prior
-** [sqlite3_auto_extension()] calls.)^
-**
-** ^This function disables automatic extensions in all threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
-
-/*
-****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
-**
-** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
-** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
-** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
-**
-** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
-** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Structures used by the virtual table interface
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
-typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
-typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
-typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** This structure, sometimes called a a "virtual table module", 
-** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].  
-** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
-**
-** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
-** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
-** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
-** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
-** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
-** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
-** any database connection.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_module {
-  int iVersion;
-  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
-               int argc, const char *const*argv,
-               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
-  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
-               int argc, const char *const*argv,
-               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
-  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
-  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
-  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
-                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
-  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
-  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
-  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
-  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
-                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-                       void **ppArg);
-  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used to
-** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
-** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
-** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
-** results into the **Outputs** fields.
-**
-** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
-**
-** <pre>column OP expr</pre>
-**
-** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
-** stored in aConstraint[].op.)^  ^(The index of the column is stored in
-** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
-** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
-** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
-**
-** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
-** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
-** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
-** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
-** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
-**
-** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
-** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
-**
-** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
-** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
-** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
-** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
-** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
-** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
-**
-** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
-** [xFilter] method.
-** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
-** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
-**
-** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
-** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
-** sorting step is required.
-**
-** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
-** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
-** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
-** cost of approximately log(N).
-*/
-struct sqlite3_index_info {
-  /* Inputs */
-  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
-     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
-     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
-     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
-     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
-  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
-  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
-  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
-     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
-     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
-  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  /* Outputs */
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
-    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
-    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
-  } *aConstraintUsage;
-  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
-  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
-  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
-  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
-  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
-};
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
-** ^Module names must be registered before
-** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
-** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
-**
-** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
-** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the 
-** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
-** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
-** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
-** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
-** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
-** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
-** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
-** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The sqlite3_create_module()
-** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
-** destructor.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_create_module(
-  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
-  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
-  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
-  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
-);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
-  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
-  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
-  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
-  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
-** of this object to describe a particular instance
-** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
-** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
-** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
-** common to all module implementations.
-**
-** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
-** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
-** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
-** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
-** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
-** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_vtab {
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
-  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
-  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
-  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
-** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
-** [virtual table] and are used
-** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
-** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
-** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
-** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
-** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
-** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
-**
-** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
-** are common to all implementations.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
-  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
-** [virtual table module] call this interface
-** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
-** the virtual tables they implement.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
-** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].  
-** But global versions of those functions
-** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
-**
-** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
-** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
-** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
-** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
-** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
-** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
-** by a [virtual table].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
-
-/*
-** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
-** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
-** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
-** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
-**
-** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
-** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
-**
-****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
-*/
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
-** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
-**
-** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
-** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
-** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
-** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
-** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
-** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
-** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
-**
-** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
-** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
-** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
-**
-** <pre>
-**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
-** </pre>)^
-**
-** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
-** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
-** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary 
-** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is 
-** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
-**
-** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
-** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
-** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
-** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
-** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
-**
-** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
-** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
-** to be a null pointer.)^
-** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
-** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
-** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
-** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
-** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
-**
-** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
-** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
-** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
-** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
-** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
-** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
-** a expired BLOB handle fail with an return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
-** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
-** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
-** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
-**
-** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
-** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
-** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
-** blob.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
-** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
-** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
-** this interface.
-**
-** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
-** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
-  sqlite3*,
-  const char *zDb,
-  const char *zTable,
-  const char *zColumn,
-  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
-  int flags,
-  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
-**
-** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
-**
-** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
-** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
-** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
-** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
-** until the close operation if they will fit.
-**
-** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
-** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
-** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
-** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
-**
-** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
-** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
-**
-** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
-** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
-**
-** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the 
-** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
-** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
-** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
-**
-** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
-** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
-** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
-**
-** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
-** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
-** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
-** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
-**
-** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
-** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
-**
-** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
-** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
-**
-** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
-** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
-** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
-**
-** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
-** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
-** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
-**
-** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
-** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
-** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
-** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
-** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
-** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
-**
-** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
-** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
-** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
-** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
-** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
-** or by other independent statements.
-**
-** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
-** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
-**
-** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
-** that SQLite uses to interact
-** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
-** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
-** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
-** The following interfaces are provided.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
-** ^Names are case sensitive.
-** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
-** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
-** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
-**
-** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
-** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
-** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
-** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
-** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
-** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
-** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
-** then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
-** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
-** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
-**
-** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
-** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
-** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
-** permitted to use any of these routines.
-**
-** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
-** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
-** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
-** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
-** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
-** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
-** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
-**
-** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
-** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
-** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
-** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
-** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
-** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
-** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
-** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
-** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
-** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
-** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
-** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
-** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
-** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
-** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
-** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
-** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
-** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
-**
-** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
-** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
-** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
-** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
-** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
-** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
-** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
-**
-** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
-** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
-** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
-** the same type number.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
-** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
-** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
-** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
-** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
-** a static mutex.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
-** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
-** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
-** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
-** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
-** In such cases the,
-** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
-** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
-** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
-** SQLite will never exhibit
-** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
-**
-** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
-** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
-** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
-** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
-** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
-** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
-** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
-** never do either.)^
-**
-** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
-** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
-** behave as no-ops.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
-** used to allocate and use mutexes.
-**
-** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
-** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
-** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
-** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
-** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
-** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
-** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
-** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
-** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
-**
-** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
-** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
-** ^The xMutexInit routine is calle by SQLite exactly once for each
-** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
-**
-** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
-** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
-** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
-** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
-** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
-** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
-**
-** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
-** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
-** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
-**
-** <ul>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
-** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
-** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
-** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
-** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
-** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
-** it is passed a NULL pointer).
-**
-** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
-** invoke xMutexInit() mutiple times within the same process and without
-** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
-** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
-**
-** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
-** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
-** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
-** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
-**
-** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
-** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
-** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
-** prior to returning.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
-struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
-  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
-  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
-  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
-  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
-**
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
-** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
-** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
-** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
-** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
-** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
-** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
-** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
-**
-** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
-** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
-**
-** ^The implementation is not required to provided versions of these
-** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
-** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
-** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
-**
-** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
-** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
-** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But the
-** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
-** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
-** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
-** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
-** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
-*/
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
-**
-** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
-** which is one of these integer constants.
-**
-** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
-** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
-** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* lru page list */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
-**
-** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that 
-** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
-** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
-** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
-** routine returns a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
-** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
-** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
-** name of the database "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
-** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
-** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
-** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
-** main database file.
-** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
-** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
-** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
-** method becomes the return value of this routine.
-**
-** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
-** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
-** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
-** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
-** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
-** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
-** xFileControl method.
-**
-** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
-** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
-** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
-** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
-**
-** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
-** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
-** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
-**
-** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
-** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
-** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
-** operate consistently from one release to the next.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
-**
-** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
-** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
-**
-** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
-** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
-** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
-** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    16
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
-** about the preformance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
-** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
-** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
-** are of the form [SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
-** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
-** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
-** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
-** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
-** value.  For those parameters
-** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
-** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
-** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
-** non-zero [error code] on failure.
-**
-** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
-** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
-** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
-** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
-** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
-** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
-** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
-** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
-** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
-** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
-** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
-** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
-** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
-** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
-** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
-** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using 
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
-** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
-** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
-** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
-** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
-** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
-** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
-** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
-** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
-** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
-** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
-** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
-** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
-** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
-** slots were available.
-** </dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
-** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-**
-** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information 
-** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
-** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
-** is the parameter to interrogate.  ^Currently, the only allowed value
-** for the second parameter is [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED].
-** Additional options will likely appear in future releases of SQLite.
-**
-** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
-** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
-** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
-** reset back down to the current value.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
-** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
-**
-** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
-** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
-** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
-** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
-** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
-** checked out.</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED     0
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
-** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counters] that measure the number
-** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
-** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
-** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
-** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
-** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
-** an index.  
-**
-** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
-** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
-** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
-** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counter]
-** to be interrogated.)^
-** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
-** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
-** interface call returns.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
-** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
-** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
-** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
-** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
-** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through 
-** careful use of indices.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
-** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
-** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
-** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
-** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
-** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
-** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
-** to the object.
-**
-** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods] for additional information.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
-** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE], ...) interface can
-** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an 
-** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure.)^ The majority of the 
-** heap memory used by SQLite is used by the page cache to cache data read 
-** from, or ready to be written to, the database file. By implementing a 
-** custom page cache using this API, an application can control more 
-** precisely the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which 
-** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to 
-** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for 
-** how long.
-**
-** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure are copied to an
-** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
-** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
-** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
-**
-** ^The xInit() method is called once for each call to [sqlite3_initialize()]
-** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
-** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods.pArg value.)^
-** ^The xInit() method can set up up global structures and/or any mutexes
-** required by the custom page cache implementation. 
-**
-** ^The xShutdown() method is called from within [sqlite3_shutdown()], 
-** if the application invokes this API. It can be used to clean up 
-** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
-**
-** ^SQLite holds a [SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE] mutex when it invokes
-** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
-** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
-** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
-** in multithreaded applications.
-**
-** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
-** call to xShutdown().
-**
-** ^The xCreate() method is used to construct a new cache instance.  SQLite
-** will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
-** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
-** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
-** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will not be a power of two.  ^szPage
-** will the page size of the database file that is to be cached plus an
-** increment (here called "R") of about 100 or 200.  ^SQLite will use the
-** extra R bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
-** database page on disk.  The value of R depends
-** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
-** ^R is constant for a particular build of SQLite.  ^The second argument to
-** xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being created will
-** be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
-** false if it is used for an in-memory database. ^The cache implementation
-** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
-** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
-** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
-** ^In other words, a cache created with bPurgeable set to false will
-** never contain any unpinned pages.
-**
-** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
-** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
-** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
-** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  ^As with the bPurgeable
-** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
-** value; it is advisory only.
-**
-** ^The xPagecount() method should return the number of pages currently
-** stored in the cache.
-** 
-** ^The xFetch() method is used to fetch a page and return a pointer to it. 
-** ^A 'page', in this context, is a buffer of szPage bytes aligned at an
-** 8-byte boundary. ^The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The
-** mimimum key value is 1. After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page 
-** is considered to be "pinned".
-**
-** ^If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
-** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
-** intact.  ^(If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
-** behavior of the cache implementation is determined by the value of the
-** createFlag parameter passed to xFetch, according to the following table:
-**
-** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
-** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
-** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
-** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
-**                 Otherwise return NULL.
-** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
-**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
-** </table>)^
-**
-** SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  If
-** a call to xFetch() with createFlag==1 returns NULL, then SQLite will
-** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
-** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache. After
-** attempting to unpin pages, the xFetch() method will be invoked again with
-** a createFlag of 2.
-**
-** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
-** as its second argument. ^(If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
-** then the page should be evicted from the cache. In this case SQLite 
-** assumes that the next time the page is retrieved from the cache using
-** the xFetch() method, it will be zeroed.)^ ^If the discard parameter is
-** zero, then the page is considered to be unpinned. ^The cache implementation
-** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
-**
-** ^(The cache is not required to perform any reference counting. A single 
-** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls 
-** to xFetch().)^
-**
-** ^The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
-** page passed as the second argument from oldKey to newKey. ^If the cache
-** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it should be
-** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
-** to be pinned.
-**
-** ^When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
-** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
-** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). ^If any
-** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
-** they can be safely discarded.
-**
-** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
-** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
-** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
-** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods
-** functions.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
-struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
-  void *pArg;
-  int (*xInit)(void*);
-  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
-  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
-  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
-  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
-  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
-  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
-  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
-  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
-  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
-** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
-** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
-** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
-** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
-** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files. 
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
-**
-** ^Exclusive access is required to the destination database for the 
-** duration of the operation. ^However the source database is only
-** read-locked while it is actually being read; it is not locked
-** continuously for the entire backup operation. ^Thus, the backup may be
-** performed on a live source database without preventing other users from
-** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
-** 
-** ^(To perform a backup operation: 
-**   <ol>
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
-**         backup, 
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer 
-**         the data between the two databases, and finally
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources 
-**         associated with the backup operation. 
-**   </ol>)^
-** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
-** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
-**
-** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the 
-** [database connection] associated with the destination database 
-** and the database name, respectively.
-** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
-** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
-** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
-** ^The S and M arguments passed to 
-** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
-** and database name of the source database, respectively.
-** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
-** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will file with
-** an error.
-**
-** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
-** returned and an error code and error message are store3d in the
-** destination [database connection] D.
-** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
-** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
-** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
-** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_backup] object.
-** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup 
-** operation.
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
-**
-** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between 
-** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
-** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied. 
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
-** are still more pages to be copied, then the function resturns [SQLITE_OK].
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
-** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
-** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
-** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
-** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if the destination
-** database was opened read-only or if
-** the destination is an in-memory database with a different page size
-** from the source database.
-**
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
-** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
-** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the 
-** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then 
-** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
-** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
-** [database connection]
-** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
-** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
-** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
-** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then 
-** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These 
-** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept 
-** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle 
-** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
-**
-** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
-** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either 
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete 
-** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
-** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
-** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
-** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
-** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
-** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
-** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
-** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
-** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source 
-** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
-** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
-** updated at the same time.
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
-**
-** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the 
-** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
-** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
-** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
-** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object. 
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
-** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
-** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
-** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
-**
-** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
-** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
-** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
-** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
-** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
-**
-** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
-** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
-** sqlite3_backup_finish().
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining(), sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
-**
-** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
-** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
-** up and the total number of pages in the source databae file.
-** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
-** retrieve these two values, respectively.
-**
-** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
-** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
-** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
-** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
-** changing.
-**
-** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
-**
-** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
-** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
-** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
-** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
-** from within other threads.
-**
-** However, the application must guarantee that the destination 
-** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after 
-** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
-** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
-** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
-** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
-** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
-** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
-**
-** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
-** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
-** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
-** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being 
-** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
-** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
-**
-** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple 
-** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
-** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
-** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
-** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
-** possible that they return invalid values.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
-  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
-  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
-  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
-  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
-** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
-** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
-** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking. 
-** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke 
-** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
-** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
-**
-** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
-** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back. 
-**
-** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
-** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
-** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
-** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an 
-** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as 
-** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
-** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
-** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
-** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
-**
-** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
-** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
-** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
-** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
-** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
-**
-** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
-** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
-** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of 
-** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
-**
-** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a 
-** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
-** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
-** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
-** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
-** unlock-notify callback is cancelled. ^The blocked connections 
-** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
-** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
-**
-** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
-** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
-** crash or deadlock may be the result.
-**
-** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
-** returns SQLITE_OK.
-**
-** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
-**
-** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a 
-** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
-** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
-** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
-** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
-** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
-**
-** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
-** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
-** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
-** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
-** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
-** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
-** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions 
-** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
-**
-** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
-**
-** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a 
-** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
-** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
-** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
-** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
-** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
-** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
-**
-** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
-** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
-** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
-** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
-** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
-** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
-** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
-** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
-** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
-** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
-** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
-** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
-**
-** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
-**
-** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost 
-** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
-** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
-** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
-** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
-** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
-** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
-** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
-**
-** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
-** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
-** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
-** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just 
-** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
-  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
-  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
-  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
-);
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_strnicmp()] API allows applications and extensions to
-** compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8 strings in a
-** case-indendent fashion, using the same definition of case independence 
-** that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
-** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
-** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
-** passed through to [sqlite3_vmprintf()] to generate the final output string.
-**
-** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
-** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
-** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
-** is considered bad form.
-**
-** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
-**
-** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
-** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
-** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
-** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
-** buffer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
-
-/*
-** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
-** builds on processors without floating point support.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-# undef double
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
-#endif
-#endif
-

diff --git a/win32/sqlite3.lib b/win32/sqlite3.lib
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 160223f..0000000
Binary files a/win32/sqlite3.lib and /dev/null differ

diff --git a/win64/CMakeLists.txt b/win64/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 0903896..0000000
--- a/win64/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-#
-# Copyright (c) CREATIS (Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image 
-#                        pour la Santé)
-# Authors : Eduardo Davila, Frederic Cervenansky, Claire Mouton
-# Previous Authors : Laurent Guigues, Jean-Pierre Roux
-# CreaTools website : www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/site/fr/creatools_accueil
-#
-#  This software is governed by the CeCILL-B license under French law and 
-#  abiding by the rules of distribution of free software. You can  use, 
-#  modify and/ or redistribute the software under the terms of the CeCILL-B 
-#  license as circulated by CEA, CNRS and INRIA at the following URL 
-#  http://www.cecill.info/licences/Licence_CeCILL-B_V1-en.html 
-#  or in the file LICENSE.txt.
-#
-#  As a counterpart to the access to the source code and  rights to copy,
-#  modify and redistribute granted by the license, users are provided only
-#  with a limited warranty  and the software's author,  the holder of the
-#  economic rights,  and the successive licensors  have only  limited
-#  liability. 
-#
-#  The fact that you are presently reading this means that you have had
-#  knowledge of the CeCILL-B license and that you accept its terms.
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-IF (WIN32)
-       configure_file(sqlite3.dll ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/Debug/sqlite3.dll COPYONLY)  
-       configure_file(sqlite3.dll ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/Release/sqlite3.dll COPYONLY)  
-       configure_file(sqlite3.dll ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/RelWithDebInfo/sqlite3.dll COPYONLY)  
-ENDIF(WIN32)
\ No newline at end of file

diff --git a/win64/sqlite/CMakeLists.txt b/win64/sqlite/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 558a32e..0000000
--- a/win64/sqlite/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-cmake_minimum_required ( VERSION 2.6 FATAL_ERROR )
-
-project ( sqlite3 C )
-
-SET( CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX "" )
-
-set ( SOURCES sqlite3.c )
-set ( HEADERS sqlite3.h )
-
-if ( WIN32 )
-  if ( MSVC )
-#    set ( CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS /DEF:sqlite3.def )
-#    set ( SQLITE3_DEF_FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/sqlite3.def" )
-     add_definitions( "-DSQLITE_API=__declspec(dllexport)" )
-  endif ( MSVC )
-endif ( WIN32 )
-
-   FIND_PACKAGE(GDCM REQUIRED)
-   INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(${GDCM_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-  
-
-#  ${GDCM_DIR}/bin/Debug/gdcmDSED.lib
- # ${GDCM_DIR}/bin/Debug/gdcmMSFF.lib)
-  
-add_library ( sqlite3 SHARED
-  ${SOURCES}
-  ${HEADERS}
-  gdcmDSED.lib
-)
-
-INSTALL ( TARGETS sqlite3
-  RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
-  LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
-  ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
-)
-
-INSTALL ( FILES sqlite3.h DESTINATION include )

diff --git a/win64/sqlite/Readme.txt b/win64/sqlite/Readme.txt
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 82ed146..0000000
--- a/win64/sqlite/Readme.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-////////////////////////////////////////////
-//   README                                                      //
-////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-If you need to rebuild sqlite library (.lib and .dll),
-Use the associated CMakeLists file to generate a sqlite project with the right compilator (x64 or x86).
-Check on SQLITE website if a new version of sqlite is not avaialble. 
-http://www.sqlite.org/download.html
-
-!!! IMPORTANT : you just need to download amalgation package and replace files :
-shell.c
-sqlite3.c
-sqlite.h
-sqlite3ext.h
-sqlite3.def
-
-(last version 3.6.23.1)
-

diff --git a/win64/sqlite/shell.c b/win64/sqlite/shell.c
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index a1c0b5e..0000000
--- a/win64/sqlite/shell.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2635 +0,0 @@
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code to implement the "sqlite" command line
-** utility for accessing SQLite databases.
-*/
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
-/* This needs to come before any includes for MSVC compiler */
-#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
-#endif
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include "sqlite3.h"
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-
-#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__OS2__)
-# include <signal.h>
-# if !defined(__RTP__) && !defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
-#  include <pwd.h>
-# endif
-# include <unistd.h>
-# include <sys/types.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __OS2__
-# include <unistd.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined(HAVE_READLINE) && HAVE_READLINE==1
-# include <readline/readline.h>
-# include <readline/history.h>
-#else
-# define readline(p) local_getline(p,stdin)
-# define add_history(X)
-# define read_history(X)
-# define write_history(X)
-# define stifle_history(X)
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
-# include <io.h>
-#define isatty(h) _isatty(h)
-#define access(f,m) _access((f),(m))
-#else
-/* Make sure isatty() has a prototype.
-*/
-extern int isatty();
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_WIN32_WCE)
-/* Windows CE (arm-wince-mingw32ce-gcc) does not provide isatty()
- * thus we always assume that we have a console. That can be
- * overridden with the -batch command line option.
- */
-#define isatty(x) 1
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__OS2__) && !defined(__RTP__) && !defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <sys/resource.h>
-
-/* Saved resource information for the beginning of an operation */
-static struct rusage sBegin;
-
-/* True if the timer is enabled */
-static int enableTimer = 0;
-
-/*
-** Begin timing an operation
-*/
-static void beginTimer(void){
-  if( enableTimer ){
-    getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &sBegin);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Return the difference of two time_structs in seconds */
-static double timeDiff(struct timeval *pStart, struct timeval *pEnd){
-  return (pEnd->tv_usec - pStart->tv_usec)*0.000001 + 
-         (double)(pEnd->tv_sec - pStart->tv_sec);
-}
-
-/*
-** Print the timing results.
-*/
-static void endTimer(void){
-  if( enableTimer ){
-    struct rusage sEnd;
-    getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &sEnd);
-    printf("CPU Time: user %f sys %f\n",
-       timeDiff(&sBegin.ru_utime, &sEnd.ru_utime),
-       timeDiff(&sBegin.ru_stime, &sEnd.ru_stime));
-  }
-}
-
-#define BEGIN_TIMER beginTimer()
-#define END_TIMER endTimer()
-#define HAS_TIMER 1
-
-#elif (defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32))
-
-#include <windows.h>
-
-/* Saved resource information for the beginning of an operation */
-static HANDLE hProcess;
-static FILETIME ftKernelBegin;
-static FILETIME ftUserBegin;
-typedef BOOL (WINAPI *GETPROCTIMES)(HANDLE, LPFILETIME, LPFILETIME, LPFILETIME, LPFILETIME);
-static GETPROCTIMES getProcessTimesAddr = NULL;
-
-/* True if the timer is enabled */
-static int enableTimer = 0;
-
-/*
-** Check to see if we have timer support.  Return 1 if necessary
-** support found (or found previously).
-*/
-static int hasTimer(void){
-  if( getProcessTimesAddr ){
-    return 1;
-  } else {
-    /* GetProcessTimes() isn't supported in WIN95 and some other Windows versions.
-    ** See if the version we are running on has it, and if it does, save off
-    ** a pointer to it and the current process handle.
-    */
-    hProcess = GetCurrentProcess();
-    if( hProcess ){
-      HINSTANCE hinstLib = LoadLibrary(TEXT("Kernel32.dll"));
-      if( NULL != hinstLib ){
-        getProcessTimesAddr = (GETPROCTIMES) GetProcAddress(hinstLib, "GetProcessTimes");
-        if( NULL != getProcessTimesAddr ){
-          return 1;
-        }
-        FreeLibrary(hinstLib); 
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Begin timing an operation
-*/
-static void beginTimer(void){
-  if( enableTimer && getProcessTimesAddr ){
-    FILETIME ftCreation, ftExit;
-    getProcessTimesAddr(hProcess, &ftCreation, &ftExit, &ftKernelBegin, &ftUserBegin);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Return the difference of two FILETIME structs in seconds */
-static double timeDiff(FILETIME *pStart, FILETIME *pEnd){
-  sqlite_int64 i64Start = *((sqlite_int64 *) pStart);
-  sqlite_int64 i64End = *((sqlite_int64 *) pEnd);
-  return (double) ((i64End - i64Start) / 10000000.0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Print the timing results.
-*/
-static void endTimer(void){
-  if( enableTimer && getProcessTimesAddr){
-    FILETIME ftCreation, ftExit, ftKernelEnd, ftUserEnd;
-    getProcessTimesAddr(hProcess, &ftCreation, &ftExit, &ftKernelEnd, &ftUserEnd);
-    printf("CPU Time: user %f sys %f\n",
-       timeDiff(&ftUserBegin, &ftUserEnd),
-       timeDiff(&ftKernelBegin, &ftKernelEnd));
-  }
-}
-
-#define BEGIN_TIMER beginTimer()
-#define END_TIMER endTimer()
-#define HAS_TIMER hasTimer()
-
-#else
-#define BEGIN_TIMER 
-#define END_TIMER
-#define HAS_TIMER 0
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Used to prevent warnings about unused parameters
-*/
-#define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
-
-/*
-** If the following flag is set, then command execution stops
-** at an error if we are not interactive.
-*/
-static int bail_on_error = 0;
-
-/*
-** Threat stdin as an interactive input if the following variable
-** is true.  Otherwise, assume stdin is connected to a file or pipe.
-*/
-static int stdin_is_interactive = 1;
-
-/*
-** The following is the open SQLite database.  We make a pointer
-** to this database a static variable so that it can be accessed
-** by the SIGINT handler to interrupt database processing.
-*/
-static sqlite3 *db = 0;
-
-/*
-** True if an interrupt (Control-C) has been received.
-*/
-static volatile int seenInterrupt = 0;
-
-/*
-** This is the name of our program. It is set in main(), used
-** in a number of other places, mostly for error messages.
-*/
-static char *Argv0;
-
-/*
-** Prompt strings. Initialized in main. Settable with
-**   .prompt main continue
-*/
-static char mainPrompt[20];     /* First line prompt. default: "sqlite> "*/
-static char continuePrompt[20]; /* Continuation prompt. default: "   ...> " */
-
-/*
-** Write I/O traces to the following stream.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
-static FILE *iotrace = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This routine works like printf in that its first argument is a
-** format string and subsequent arguments are values to be substituted
-** in place of % fields.  The result of formatting this string
-** is written to iotrace.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
-static void iotracePrintf(const char *zFormat, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  char *z;
-  if( iotrace==0 ) return;
-  va_start(ap, zFormat);
-  z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  fprintf(iotrace, "%s", z);
-  sqlite3_free(z);
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Determines if a string is a number of not.
-*/
-static int isNumber(const char *z, int *realnum){
-  if( *z=='-' || *z=='+' ) z++;
-  if( !isdigit(*z) ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  z++;
-  if( realnum ) *realnum = 0;
-  while( isdigit(*z) ){ z++; }
-  if( *z=='.' ){
-    z++;
-    if( !isdigit(*z) ) return 0;
-    while( isdigit(*z) ){ z++; }
-    if( realnum ) *realnum = 1;
-  }
-  if( *z=='e' || *z=='E' ){
-    z++;
-    if( *z=='+' || *z=='-' ) z++;
-    if( !isdigit(*z) ) return 0;
-    while( isdigit(*z) ){ z++; }
-    if( realnum ) *realnum = 1;
-  }
-  return *z==0;
-}
-
-/*
-** A global char* and an SQL function to access its current value 
-** from within an SQL statement. This program used to use the 
-** sqlite_exec_printf() API to substitue a string into an SQL statement.
-** The correct way to do this with sqlite3 is to use the bind API, but
-** since the shell is built around the callback paradigm it would be a lot
-** of work. Instead just use this hack, which is quite harmless.
-*/
-static const char *zShellStatic = 0;
-static void shellstaticFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  assert( 0==argc );
-  assert( zShellStatic );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argv);
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, zShellStatic, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This routine reads a line of text from FILE in, stores
-** the text in memory obtained from malloc() and returns a pointer
-** to the text.  NULL is returned at end of file, or if malloc()
-** fails.
-**
-** The interface is like "readline" but no command-line editing
-** is done.
-*/
-static char *local_getline(char *zPrompt, FILE *in){
-  char *zLine;
-  int nLine;
-  int n;
-  int eol;
-
-  if( zPrompt && *zPrompt ){
-    printf("%s",zPrompt);
-    fflush(stdout);
-  }
-  nLine = 100;
-  zLine = malloc( nLine );
-  if( zLine==0 ) return 0;
-  n = 0;
-  eol = 0;
-  while( !eol ){
-    if( n+100>nLine ){
-      nLine = nLine*2 + 100;
-      zLine = realloc(zLine, nLine);
-      if( zLine==0 ) return 0;
-    }
-    if( fgets(&zLine[n], nLine - n, in)==0 ){
-      if( n==0 ){
-        free(zLine);
-        return 0;
-      }
-      zLine[n] = 0;
-      eol = 1;
-      break;
-    }
-    while( zLine[n] ){ n++; }
-    if( n>0 && zLine[n-1]=='\n' ){
-      n--;
-      if( n>0 && zLine[n-1]=='\r' ) n--;
-      zLine[n] = 0;
-      eol = 1;
-    }
-  }
-  zLine = realloc( zLine, n+1 );
-  return zLine;
-}
-
-/*
-** Retrieve a single line of input text.
-**
-** zPrior is a string of prior text retrieved.  If not the empty
-** string, then issue a continuation prompt.
-*/
-static char *one_input_line(const char *zPrior, FILE *in){
-  char *zPrompt;
-  char *zResult;
-  if( in!=0 ){
-    return local_getline(0, in);
-  }
-  if( zPrior && zPrior[0] ){
-    zPrompt = continuePrompt;
-  }else{
-    zPrompt = mainPrompt;
-  }
-  zResult = readline(zPrompt);
-#if defined(HAVE_READLINE) && HAVE_READLINE==1
-  if( zResult && *zResult ) add_history(zResult);
-#endif
-  return zResult;
-}
-
-struct previous_mode_data {
-  int valid;        /* Is there legit data in here? */
-  int mode;
-  int showHeader;
-  int colWidth[100];
-};
-
-/*
-** An pointer to an instance of this structure is passed from
-** the main program to the callback.  This is used to communicate
-** state and mode information.
-*/
-struct callback_data {
-  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database */
-  int echoOn;            /* True to echo input commands */
-  int cnt;               /* Number of records displayed so far */
-  FILE *out;             /* Write results here */
-  int mode;              /* An output mode setting */
-  int writableSchema;    /* True if PRAGMA writable_schema=ON */
-  int showHeader;        /* True to show column names in List or Column mode */
-  char *zDestTable;      /* Name of destination table when MODE_Insert */
-  char separator[20];    /* Separator character for MODE_List */
-  int colWidth[100];     /* Requested width of each column when in column mode*/
-  int actualWidth[100];  /* Actual width of each column */
-  char nullvalue[20];    /* The text to print when a NULL comes back from
-                         ** the database */
-  struct previous_mode_data explainPrev;
-                         /* Holds the mode information just before
-                         ** .explain ON */
-  char outfile[FILENAME_MAX]; /* Filename for *out */
-  const char *zDbFilename;    /* name of the database file */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;   /* Current statement if any. */
-  FILE *pLog;            /* Write log output here */
-};
-
-/*
-** These are the allowed modes.
-*/
-#define MODE_Line     0  /* One column per line.  Blank line between records */
-#define MODE_Column   1  /* One record per line in neat columns */
-#define MODE_List     2  /* One record per line with a separator */
-#define MODE_Semi     3  /* Same as MODE_List but append ";" to each line */
-#define MODE_Html     4  /* Generate an XHTML table */
-#define MODE_Insert   5  /* Generate SQL "insert" statements */
-#define MODE_Tcl      6  /* Generate ANSI-C or TCL quoted elements */
-#define MODE_Csv      7  /* Quote strings, numbers are plain */
-#define MODE_Explain  8  /* Like MODE_Column, but do not truncate data */
-
-static const char *modeDescr[] = {
-  "line",
-  "column",
-  "list",
-  "semi",
-  "html",
-  "insert",
-  "tcl",
-  "csv",
-  "explain",
-};
-
-/*
-** Number of elements in an array
-*/
-#define ArraySize(X)  (int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0]))
-
-/*
-** Compute a string length that is limited to what can be stored in
-** lower 30 bits of a 32-bit signed integer.
-*/
-static int strlen30(const char *z){
-  const char *z2 = z;
-  while( *z2 ){ z2++; }
-  return 0x3fffffff & (int)(z2 - z);
-}
-
-/*
-** A callback for the sqlite3_log() interface.
-*/
-static void shellLog(void *pArg, int iErrCode, const char *zMsg){
-  struct callback_data *p = (struct callback_data*)pArg;
-  if( p->pLog==0 ) return;
-  fprintf(p->pLog, "(%d) %s\n", iErrCode, zMsg);
-  fflush(p->pLog);
-}
-
-/*
-** Output the given string as a hex-encoded blob (eg. X'1234' )
-*/
-static void output_hex_blob(FILE *out, const void *pBlob, int nBlob){
-  int i;
-  char *zBlob = (char *)pBlob;
-  fprintf(out,"X'");
-  for(i=0; i<nBlob; i++){ fprintf(out,"%02x",zBlob[i]); }
-  fprintf(out,"'");
-}
-
-/*
-** Output the given string as a quoted string using SQL quoting conventions.
-*/
-static void output_quoted_string(FILE *out, const char *z){
-  int i;
-  int nSingle = 0;
-  for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
-    if( z[i]=='\'' ) nSingle++;
-  }
-  if( nSingle==0 ){
-    fprintf(out,"'%s'",z);
-  }else{
-    fprintf(out,"'");
-    while( *z ){
-      for(i=0; z[i] && z[i]!='\''; i++){}
-      if( i==0 ){
-        fprintf(out,"''");
-        z++;
-      }else if( z[i]=='\'' ){
-        fprintf(out,"%.*s''",i,z);
-        z += i+1;
-      }else{
-        fprintf(out,"%s",z);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    fprintf(out,"'");
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Output the given string as a quoted according to C or TCL quoting rules.
-*/
-static void output_c_string(FILE *out, const char *z){
-  unsigned int c;
-  fputc('"', out);
-  while( (c = *(z++))!=0 ){
-    if( c=='\\' ){
-      fputc(c, out);
-      fputc(c, out);
-    }else if( c=='\t' ){
-      fputc('\\', out);
-      fputc('t', out);
-    }else if( c=='\n' ){
-      fputc('\\', out);
-      fputc('n', out);
-    }else if( c=='\r' ){
-      fputc('\\', out);
-      fputc('r', out);
-    }else if( !isprint(c) ){
-      fprintf(out, "\\%03o", c&0xff);
-    }else{
-      fputc(c, out);
-    }
-  }
-  fputc('"', out);
-}
-
-/*
-** Output the given string with characters that are special to
-** HTML escaped.
-*/
-static void output_html_string(FILE *out, const char *z){
-  int i;
-  while( *z ){
-    for(i=0;   z[i] 
-            && z[i]!='<' 
-            && z[i]!='&' 
-            && z[i]!='>' 
-            && z[i]!='\"' 
-            && z[i]!='\'';
-        i++){}
-    if( i>0 ){
-      fprintf(out,"%.*s",i,z);
-    }
-    if( z[i]=='<' ){
-      fprintf(out,"&lt;");
-    }else if( z[i]=='&' ){
-      fprintf(out,"&amp;");
-    }else if( z[i]=='>' ){
-      fprintf(out,"&gt;");
-    }else if( z[i]=='\"' ){
-      fprintf(out,"&quot;");
-    }else if( z[i]=='\'' ){
-      fprintf(out,"&#39;");
-    }else{
-      break;
-    }
-    z += i + 1;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** If a field contains any character identified by a 1 in the following
-** array, then the string must be quoted for CSV.
-*/
-static const char needCsvQuote[] = {
-  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   
-  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   
-  1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 
-  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   
-  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   
-  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   
-  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   
-  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   
-  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   
-  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   
-  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,   
-};
-
-/*
-** Output a single term of CSV.  Actually, p->separator is used for
-** the separator, which may or may not be a comma.  p->nullvalue is
-** the null value.  Strings are quoted using ANSI-C rules.  Numbers
-** appear outside of quotes.
-*/
-static void output_csv(struct callback_data *p, const char *z, int bSep){
-  FILE *out = p->out;
-  if( z==0 ){
-    fprintf(out,"%s",p->nullvalue);
-  }else{
-    int i;
-    int nSep = strlen30(p->separator);
-    for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
-      if( needCsvQuote[((unsigned char*)z)[i]] 
-         || (z[i]==p->separator[0] && 
-             (nSep==1 || memcmp(z, p->separator, nSep)==0)) ){
-        i = 0;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if( i==0 ){
-      putc('"', out);
-      for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
-        if( z[i]=='"' ) putc('"', out);
-        putc(z[i], out);
-      }
-      putc('"', out);
-    }else{
-      fprintf(out, "%s", z);
-    }
-  }
-  if( bSep ){
-    fprintf(p->out, "%s", p->separator);
-  }
-}
-
-#ifdef SIGINT
-/*
-** This routine runs when the user presses Ctrl-C
-*/
-static void interrupt_handler(int NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  seenInterrupt = 1;
-  if( db ) sqlite3_interrupt(db);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This is the callback routine that the shell
-** invokes for each row of a query result.
-*/
-static int shell_callback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azCol, int *aiType){
-  int i;
-  struct callback_data *p = (struct callback_data*)pArg;
-
-  switch( p->mode ){
-    case MODE_Line: {
-      int w = 5;
-      if( azArg==0 ) break;
-      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        int len = strlen30(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
-        if( len>w ) w = len;
-      }
-      if( p->cnt++>0 ) fprintf(p->out,"\n");
-      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        fprintf(p->out,"%*s = %s\n", w, azCol[i],
-                azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullvalue);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case MODE_Explain:
-    case MODE_Column: {
-      if( p->cnt++==0 ){
-        for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          int w, n;
-          if( i<ArraySize(p->colWidth) ){
-            w = p->colWidth[i];
-          }else{
-            w = 0;
-          }
-          if( w<=0 ){
-            w = strlen30(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
-            if( w<10 ) w = 10;
-            n = strlen30(azArg && azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullvalue);
-            if( w<n ) w = n;
-          }
-          if( i<ArraySize(p->actualWidth) ){
-            p->actualWidth[i] = w;
-          }
-          if( p->showHeader ){
-            fprintf(p->out,"%-*.*s%s",w,w,azCol[i], i==nArg-1 ? "\n": "  ");
-          }
-        }
-        if( p->showHeader ){
-          for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-            int w;
-            if( i<ArraySize(p->actualWidth) ){
-               w = p->actualWidth[i];
-            }else{
-               w = 10;
-            }
-            fprintf(p->out,"%-*.*s%s",w,w,"-----------------------------------"
-                   "----------------------------------------------------------",
-                    i==nArg-1 ? "\n": "  ");
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if( azArg==0 ) break;
-      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        int w;
-        if( i<ArraySize(p->actualWidth) ){
-           w = p->actualWidth[i];
-        }else{
-           w = 10;
-        }
-        if( p->mode==MODE_Explain && azArg[i] && 
-           strlen30(azArg[i])>w ){
-          w = strlen30(azArg[i]);
-        }
-        fprintf(p->out,"%-*.*s%s",w,w,
-            azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullvalue, i==nArg-1 ? "\n": "  ");
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case MODE_Semi:
-    case MODE_List: {
-      if( p->cnt++==0 && p->showHeader ){
-        for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          fprintf(p->out,"%s%s",azCol[i], i==nArg-1 ? "\n" : p->separator);
-        }
-      }
-      if( azArg==0 ) break;
-      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        char *z = azArg[i];
-        if( z==0 ) z = p->nullvalue;
-        fprintf(p->out, "%s", z);
-        if( i<nArg-1 ){
-          fprintf(p->out, "%s", p->separator);
-        }else if( p->mode==MODE_Semi ){
-          fprintf(p->out, ";\n");
-        }else{
-          fprintf(p->out, "\n");
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case MODE_Html: {
-      if( p->cnt++==0 && p->showHeader ){
-        fprintf(p->out,"<TR>");
-        for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          fprintf(p->out,"<TH>");
-          output_html_string(p->out, azCol[i]);
-          fprintf(p->out,"</TH>\n");
-        }
-        fprintf(p->out,"</TR>\n");
-      }
-      if( azArg==0 ) break;
-      fprintf(p->out,"<TR>");
-      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        fprintf(p->out,"<TD>");
-        output_html_string(p->out, azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullvalue);
-        fprintf(p->out,"</TD>\n");
-      }
-      fprintf(p->out,"</TR>\n");
-      break;
-    }
-    case MODE_Tcl: {
-      if( p->cnt++==0 && p->showHeader ){
-        for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          output_c_string(p->out,azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
-          fprintf(p->out, "%s", p->separator);
-        }
-        fprintf(p->out,"\n");
-      }
-      if( azArg==0 ) break;
-      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        output_c_string(p->out, azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullvalue);
-        fprintf(p->out, "%s", p->separator);
-      }
-      fprintf(p->out,"\n");
-      break;
-    }
-    case MODE_Csv: {
-      if( p->cnt++==0 && p->showHeader ){
-        for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          output_csv(p, azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "", i<nArg-1);
-        }
-        fprintf(p->out,"\n");
-      }
-      if( azArg==0 ) break;
-      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        output_csv(p, azArg[i], i<nArg-1);
-      }
-      fprintf(p->out,"\n");
-      break;
-    }
-    case MODE_Insert: {
-      p->cnt++;
-      if( azArg==0 ) break;
-      fprintf(p->out,"INSERT INTO %s VALUES(",p->zDestTable);
-      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        char *zSep = i>0 ? ",": "";
-        if( (azArg[i]==0) || (aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_NULL) ){
-          fprintf(p->out,"%sNULL",zSep);
-        }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_TEXT ){
-          if( zSep[0] ) fprintf(p->out,"%s",zSep);
-          output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
-        }else if( aiType && (aiType[i]==SQLITE_INTEGER || aiType[i]==SQLITE_FLOAT) ){
-          fprintf(p->out,"%s%s",zSep, azArg[i]);
-        }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_BLOB && p->pStmt ){
-          const void *pBlob = sqlite3_column_blob(p->pStmt, i);
-          int nBlob = sqlite3_column_bytes(p->pStmt, i);
-          if( zSep[0] ) fprintf(p->out,"%s",zSep);
-          output_hex_blob(p->out, pBlob, nBlob);
-        }else if( isNumber(azArg[i], 0) ){
-          fprintf(p->out,"%s%s",zSep, azArg[i]);
-        }else{
-          if( zSep[0] ) fprintf(p->out,"%s",zSep);
-          output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
-        }
-      }
-      fprintf(p->out,");\n");
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** This is the callback routine that the SQLite library
-** invokes for each row of a query result.
-*/
-static int callback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azCol){
-  /* since we don't have type info, call the shell_callback with a NULL value */
-  return shell_callback(pArg, nArg, azArg, azCol, NULL);
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the destination table field of the callback_data structure to
-** the name of the table given.  Escape any quote characters in the
-** table name.
-*/
-static void set_table_name(struct callback_data *p, const char *zName){
-  int i, n;
-  int needQuote;
-  char *z;
-
-  if( p->zDestTable ){
-    free(p->zDestTable);
-    p->zDestTable = 0;
-  }
-  if( zName==0 ) return;
-  needQuote = !isalpha((unsigned char)*zName) && *zName!='_';
-  for(i=n=0; zName[i]; i++, n++){
-    if( !isalnum((unsigned char)zName[i]) && zName[i]!='_' ){
-      needQuote = 1;
-      if( zName[i]=='\'' ) n++;
-    }
-  }
-  if( needQuote ) n += 2;
-  z = p->zDestTable = malloc( n+1 );
-  if( z==0 ){
-    fprintf(stderr,"Error: out of memory\n");
-    exit(1);
-  }
-  n = 0;
-  if( needQuote ) z[n++] = '\'';
-  for(i=0; zName[i]; i++){
-    z[n++] = zName[i];
-    if( zName[i]=='\'' ) z[n++] = '\'';
-  }
-  if( needQuote ) z[n++] = '\'';
-  z[n] = 0;
-}
-
-/* zIn is either a pointer to a NULL-terminated string in memory obtained
-** from malloc(), or a NULL pointer. The string pointed to by zAppend is
-** added to zIn, and the result returned in memory obtained from malloc().
-** zIn, if it was not NULL, is freed.
-**
-** If the third argument, quote, is not '\0', then it is used as a 
-** quote character for zAppend.
-*/
-static char *appendText(char *zIn, char const *zAppend, char quote){
-  int len;
-  int i;
-  int nAppend = strlen30(zAppend);
-  int nIn = (zIn?strlen30(zIn):0);
-
-  len = nAppend+nIn+1;
-  if( quote ){
-    len += 2;
-    for(i=0; i<nAppend; i++){
-      if( zAppend[i]==quote ) len++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  zIn = (char *)realloc(zIn, len);
-  if( !zIn ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  if( quote ){
-    char *zCsr = &zIn[nIn];
-    *zCsr++ = quote;
-    for(i=0; i<nAppend; i++){
-      *zCsr++ = zAppend[i];
-      if( zAppend[i]==quote ) *zCsr++ = quote;
-    }
-    *zCsr++ = quote;
-    *zCsr++ = '\0';
-    assert( (zCsr-zIn)==len );
-  }else{
-    memcpy(&zIn[nIn], zAppend, nAppend);
-    zIn[len-1] = '\0';
-  }
-
-  return zIn;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Execute a query statement that has a single result column.  Print
-** that result column on a line by itself with a semicolon terminator.
-**
-** This is used, for example, to show the schema of the database by
-** querying the SQLITE_MASTER table.
-*/
-static int run_table_dump_query(
-  FILE *out,              /* Send output here */
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database to query */
-  const char *zSelect,    /* SELECT statement to extract content */
-  const char *zFirstRow   /* Print before first row, if not NULL */
-){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pSelect;
-  int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3_prepare(db, zSelect, -1, &pSelect, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || !pSelect ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3_step(pSelect);
-  while( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
-    if( zFirstRow ){
-      fprintf(out, "%s", zFirstRow);
-      zFirstRow = 0;
-    }
-    fprintf(out, "%s;\n", sqlite3_column_text(pSelect, 0));
-    rc = sqlite3_step(pSelect);
-  }
-  return sqlite3_finalize(pSelect);
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate space and save off current error string.
-*/
-static char *save_err_msg(
-  sqlite3 *db            /* Database to query */
-){
-  int nErrMsg = 1+strlen30(sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-  char *zErrMsg = sqlite3_malloc(nErrMsg);
-  if( zErrMsg ){
-    memcpy(zErrMsg, sqlite3_errmsg(db), nErrMsg);
-  }
-  return zErrMsg;
-}
-
-/*
-** Execute a statement or set of statements.  Print 
-** any result rows/columns depending on the current mode 
-** set via the supplied callback.
-**
-** This is very similar to SQLite's built-in sqlite3_exec() 
-** function except it takes a slightly different callback 
-** and callback data argument.
-*/
-static int shell_exec(
-  sqlite3 *db,                                /* An open database */
-  const char *zSql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
-  int (*xCallback)(void*,int,char**,char**,int*),   /* Callback function */
-                                              /* (not the same as sqlite3_exec) */
-  struct callback_data *pArg,                 /* Pointer to struct callback_data */
-  char **pzErrMsg                             /* Error msg written here */
-){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = NULL;     /* Statement to execute. */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
-  const char *zLeftover;          /* Tail of unprocessed SQL */
-
-  if( pzErrMsg ){
-    *pzErrMsg = NULL;
-  }
-
-  while( zSql[0] && (SQLITE_OK == rc) ){
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, &zLeftover);
-    if( SQLITE_OK != rc ){
-      if( pzErrMsg ){
-        *pzErrMsg = save_err_msg(db);
-      }
-    }else{
-      if( !pStmt ){
-        /* this happens for a comment or white-space */
-        zSql = zLeftover;
-        while( isspace(zSql[0]) ) zSql++;
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      /* echo the sql statement if echo on */
-      if( pArg->echoOn ){
-        const char *zStmtSql = sqlite3_sql(pStmt);
-        fprintf(pArg->out,"%s\n", zStmtSql ? zStmtSql : zSql);
-      }
-
-      /* perform the first step.  this will tell us if we
-      ** have a result set or not and how wide it is.
-      */
-      rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-      /* if we have a result set... */
-      if( SQLITE_ROW == rc ){
-        /* if we have a callback... */
-        if( xCallback ){
-          /* allocate space for col name ptr, value ptr, and type */
-          int nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
-          void *pData = sqlite3_malloc(3*nCol*sizeof(const char*) + 1);
-          if( !pData ){
-            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-          }else{
-            char **azCols = (char **)pData;      /* Names of result columns */
-            char **azVals = &azCols[nCol];       /* Results */
-            int *aiTypes = (int *)&azVals[nCol]; /* Result types */
-            int i;
-            assert(sizeof(int) <= sizeof(char *)); 
-            /* save off ptrs to column names */
-            for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-              azCols[i] = (char *)sqlite3_column_name(pStmt, i);
-            }
-            /* save off the prepared statment handle and reset row count */
-            if( pArg ){
-              pArg->pStmt = pStmt;
-              pArg->cnt = 0;
-            }
-            do{
-              /* extract the data and data types */
-              for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-                azVals[i] = (char *)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, i);
-                aiTypes[i] = sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, i);
-                if( !azVals[i] && (aiTypes[i]!=SQLITE_NULL) ){
-                  rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-                  break; /* from for */
-                }
-              } /* end for */
-
-              /* if data and types extracted successfully... */
-              if( SQLITE_ROW == rc ){ 
-                /* call the supplied callback with the result row data */
-                if( xCallback(pArg, nCol, azVals, azCols, aiTypes) ){
-                  rc = SQLITE_ABORT;
-                }else{
-                  rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-                }
-              }
-            } while( SQLITE_ROW == rc );
-            sqlite3_free(pData);
-            if( pArg ){
-              pArg->pStmt = NULL;
-            }
-          }
-        }else{
-          do{
-            rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-          } while( rc == SQLITE_ROW );
-        }
-      }
-
-      /* Finalize the statement just executed. If this fails, save a 
-      ** copy of the error message. Otherwise, set zSql to point to the
-      ** next statement to execute. */
-      rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        zSql = zLeftover;
-        while( isspace(zSql[0]) ) zSql++;
-      }else if( pzErrMsg ){
-        *pzErrMsg = save_err_msg(db);
-      }
-    }
-  } /* end while */
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This is a different callback routine used for dumping the database.
-** Each row received by this callback consists of a table name,
-** the table type ("index" or "table") and SQL to create the table.
-** This routine should print text sufficient to recreate the table.
-*/
-static int dump_callback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azCol){
-  int rc;
-  const char *zTable;
-  const char *zType;
-  const char *zSql;
-  const char *zPrepStmt = 0;
-  struct callback_data *p = (struct callback_data *)pArg;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(azCol);
-  if( nArg!=3 ) return 1;
-  zTable = azArg[0];
-  zType = azArg[1];
-  zSql = azArg[2];
-  
-  if( strcmp(zTable, "sqlite_sequence")==0 ){
-    zPrepStmt = "DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence;\n";
-  }else if( strcmp(zTable, "sqlite_stat1")==0 ){
-    fprintf(p->out, "ANALYZE sqlite_master;\n");
-  }else if( strncmp(zTable, "sqlite_", 7)==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }else if( strncmp(zSql, "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE", 20)==0 ){
-    char *zIns;
-    if( !p->writableSchema ){
-      fprintf(p->out, "PRAGMA writable_schema=ON;\n");
-      p->writableSchema = 1;
-    }
-    zIns = sqlite3_mprintf(
-       "INSERT INTO sqlite_master(type,name,tbl_name,rootpage,sql)"
-       "VALUES('table','%q','%q',0,'%q');",
-       zTable, zTable, zSql);
-    fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", zIns);
-    sqlite3_free(zIns);
-    return 0;
-  }else{
-    fprintf(p->out, "%s;\n", zSql);
-  }
-
-  if( strcmp(zType, "table")==0 ){
-    sqlite3_stmt *pTableInfo = 0;
-    char *zSelect = 0;
-    char *zTableInfo = 0;
-    char *zTmp = 0;
-    int nRow = 0;
-   
-    zTableInfo = appendText(zTableInfo, "PRAGMA table_info(", 0);
-    zTableInfo = appendText(zTableInfo, zTable, '"');
-    zTableInfo = appendText(zTableInfo, ");", 0);
-
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare(p->db, zTableInfo, -1, &pTableInfo, 0);
-    free(zTableInfo);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || !pTableInfo ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    zSelect = appendText(zSelect, "SELECT 'INSERT INTO ' || ", 0);
-    zTmp = appendText(zTmp, zTable, '"');
-    if( zTmp ){
-      zSelect = appendText(zSelect, zTmp, '\'');
-    }
-    zSelect = appendText(zSelect, " || ' VALUES(' || ", 0);
-    rc = sqlite3_step(pTableInfo);
-    while( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
-      const char *zText = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pTableInfo, 1);
-      zSelect = appendText(zSelect, "quote(", 0);
-      zSelect = appendText(zSelect, zText, '"');
-      rc = sqlite3_step(pTableInfo);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
-        zSelect = appendText(zSelect, ") || ',' || ", 0);
-      }else{
-        zSelect = appendText(zSelect, ") ", 0);
-      }
-      nRow++;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3_finalize(pTableInfo);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || nRow==0 ){
-      free(zSelect);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    zSelect = appendText(zSelect, "|| ')' FROM  ", 0);
-    zSelect = appendText(zSelect, zTable, '"');
-
-    rc = run_table_dump_query(p->out, p->db, zSelect, zPrepStmt);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT ){
-      zSelect = appendText(zSelect, " ORDER BY rowid DESC", 0);
-      rc = run_table_dump_query(p->out, p->db, zSelect, 0);
-    }
-    if( zSelect ) free(zSelect);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Run zQuery.  Use dump_callback() as the callback routine so that
-** the contents of the query are output as SQL statements.
-**
-** If we get a SQLITE_CORRUPT error, rerun the query after appending
-** "ORDER BY rowid DESC" to the end.
-*/
-static int run_schema_dump_query(
-  struct callback_data *p, 
-  const char *zQuery,
-  char **pzErrMsg
-){
-  int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zQuery, dump_callback, p, pzErrMsg);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT ){
-    char *zQ2;
-    int len = strlen30(zQuery);
-    if( pzErrMsg ) sqlite3_free(*pzErrMsg);
-    zQ2 = malloc( len+100 );
-    if( zQ2==0 ) return rc;
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zQ2), zQ2, "%s ORDER BY rowid DESC", zQuery);
-    rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zQ2, dump_callback, p, pzErrMsg);
-    free(zQ2);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Text of a help message
-*/
-static char zHelp[] =
-  ".backup ?DB? FILE      Backup DB (default \"main\") to FILE\n"
-  ".bail ON|OFF           Stop after hitting an error.  Default OFF\n"
-  ".databases             List names and files of attached databases\n"
-  ".dump ?TABLE? ...      Dump the database in an SQL text format\n"
-  "                         If TABLE specified, only dump tables matching\n"
-  "                         LIKE pattern TABLE.\n"
-  ".echo ON|OFF           Turn command echo on or off\n"
-  ".exit                  Exit this program\n"
-  ".explain ?ON|OFF?      Turn output mode suitable for EXPLAIN on or off.\n"
-  "                         With no args, it turns EXPLAIN on.\n"
-  ".header(s) ON|OFF      Turn display of headers on or off\n"
-  ".help                  Show this message\n"
-  ".import FILE TABLE     Import data from FILE into TABLE\n"
-  ".indices ?TABLE?       Show names of all indices\n"
-  "                         If TABLE specified, only show indices for tables\n"
-  "                         matching LIKE pattern TABLE.\n"
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
-  ".iotrace FILE          Enable I/O diagnostic logging to FILE\n"
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-  ".load FILE ?ENTRY?     Load an extension library\n"
-#endif
-  ".log FILE|off          Turn logging on or off.  FILE can be stderr/stdout\n"
-  ".mode MODE ?TABLE?     Set output mode where MODE is one of:\n"
-  "                         csv      Comma-separated values\n"
-  "                         column   Left-aligned columns.  (See .width)\n"
-  "                         html     HTML <table> code\n"
-  "                         insert   SQL insert statements for TABLE\n"
-  "                         line     One value per line\n"
-  "                         list     Values delimited by .separator string\n"
-  "                         tabs     Tab-separated values\n"
-  "                         tcl      TCL list elements\n"
-  ".nullvalue STRING      Print STRING in place of NULL values\n"
-  ".output FILENAME       Send output to FILENAME\n"
-  ".output stdout         Send output to the screen\n"
-  ".prompt MAIN CONTINUE  Replace the standard prompts\n"
-  ".quit                  Exit this program\n"
-  ".read FILENAME         Execute SQL in FILENAME\n"
-  ".restore ?DB? FILE     Restore content of DB (default \"main\") from FILE\n"
-  ".schema ?TABLE?        Show the CREATE statements\n"
-  "                         If TABLE specified, only show tables matching\n"
-  "                         LIKE pattern TABLE.\n"
-  ".separator STRING      Change separator used by output mode and .import\n"
-  ".show                  Show the current values for various settings\n"
-  ".tables ?TABLE?        List names of tables\n"
-  "                         If TABLE specified, only list tables matching\n"
-  "                         LIKE pattern TABLE.\n"
-  ".timeout MS            Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds\n"
-  ".width NUM1 NUM2 ...   Set column widths for \"column\" mode\n"
-;
-
-static char zTimerHelp[] =
-  ".timer ON|OFF          Turn the CPU timer measurement on or off\n"
-;
-
-/* Forward reference */
-static int process_input(struct callback_data *p, FILE *in);
-
-/*
-** Make sure the database is open.  If it is not, then open it.  If
-** the database fails to open, print an error message and exit.
-*/
-static void open_db(struct callback_data *p){
-  if( p->db==0 ){
-    sqlite3_open(p->zDbFilename, &p->db);
-    db = p->db;
-    if( db && sqlite3_errcode(db)==SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3_create_function(db, "shellstatic", 0, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-          shellstaticFunc, 0, 0);
-    }
-    if( db==0 || SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3_errcode(db) ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: unable to open database \"%s\": %s\n", 
-          p->zDbFilename, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-      exit(1);
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-    sqlite3_enable_load_extension(p->db, 1);
-#endif
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Do C-language style dequoting.
-**
-**    \t    -> tab
-**    \n    -> newline
-**    \r    -> carriage return
-**    \NNN  -> ascii character NNN in octal
-**    \\    -> backslash
-*/
-static void resolve_backslashes(char *z){
-  int i, j;
-  char c;
-  for(i=j=0; (c = z[i])!=0; i++, j++){
-    if( c=='\\' ){
-      c = z[++i];
-      if( c=='n' ){
-        c = '\n';
-      }else if( c=='t' ){
-        c = '\t';
-      }else if( c=='r' ){
-        c = '\r';
-      }else if( c>='0' && c<='7' ){
-        c -= '0';
-        if( z[i+1]>='0' && z[i+1]<='7' ){
-          i++;
-          c = (c<<3) + z[i] - '0';
-          if( z[i+1]>='0' && z[i+1]<='7' ){
-            i++;
-            c = (c<<3) + z[i] - '0';
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    z[j] = c;
-  }
-  z[j] = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Interpret zArg as a boolean value.  Return either 0 or 1.
-*/
-static int booleanValue(char *zArg){
-  int val = atoi(zArg);
-  int j;
-  for(j=0; zArg[j]; j++){
-    zArg[j] = (char)tolower(zArg[j]);
-  }
-  if( strcmp(zArg,"on")==0 ){
-    val = 1;
-  }else if( strcmp(zArg,"yes")==0 ){
-    val = 1;
-  }
-  return val;
-}
-
-/*
-** If an input line begins with "." then invoke this routine to
-** process that line.
-**
-** Return 1 on error, 2 to exit, and 0 otherwise.
-*/
-static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, struct callback_data *p){
-  int i = 1;
-  int nArg = 0;
-  int n, c;
-  int rc = 0;
-  char *azArg[50];
-
-  /* Parse the input line into tokens.
-  */
-  while( zLine[i] && nArg<ArraySize(azArg) ){
-    while( isspace((unsigned char)zLine[i]) ){ i++; }
-    if( zLine[i]==0 ) break;
-    if( zLine[i]=='\'' || zLine[i]=='"' ){
-      int delim = zLine[i++];
-      azArg[nArg++] = &zLine[i];
-      while( zLine[i] && zLine[i]!=delim ){ i++; }
-      if( zLine[i]==delim ){
-        zLine[i++] = 0;
-      }
-      if( delim=='"' ) resolve_backslashes(azArg[nArg-1]);
-    }else{
-      azArg[nArg++] = &zLine[i];
-      while( zLine[i] && !isspace((unsigned char)zLine[i]) ){ i++; }
-      if( zLine[i] ) zLine[i++] = 0;
-      resolve_backslashes(azArg[nArg-1]);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Process the input line.
-  */
-  if( nArg==0 ) return 0; /* no tokens, no error */
-  n = strlen30(azArg[0]);
-  c = azArg[0][0];
-  if( c=='b' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "backup", n)==0 && nArg>1 && nArg<4){
-    const char *zDestFile;
-    const char *zDb;
-    sqlite3 *pDest;
-    sqlite3_backup *pBackup;
-    if( nArg==2 ){
-      zDestFile = azArg[1];
-      zDb = "main";
-    }else{
-      zDestFile = azArg[2];
-      zDb = azArg[1];
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3_open(zDestFile, &pDest);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zDestFile);
-      sqlite3_close(pDest);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    open_db(p);
-    pBackup = sqlite3_backup_init(pDest, "main", p->db, zDb);
-    if( pBackup==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(pDest));
-      sqlite3_close(pDest);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    while(  (rc = sqlite3_backup_step(pBackup,100))==SQLITE_OK ){}
-    sqlite3_backup_finish(pBackup);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-      rc = 0;
-    }else{
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(pDest));
-      rc = 1;
-    }
-    sqlite3_close(pDest);
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='b' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "bail", n)==0 && nArg>1 && nArg<3 ){
-    bail_on_error = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='d' && n>1 && strncmp(azArg[0], "databases", n)==0 && nArg==1 ){
-    struct callback_data data;
-    char *zErrMsg = 0;
-    open_db(p);
-    memcpy(&data, p, sizeof(data));
-    data.showHeader = 1;
-    data.mode = MODE_Column;
-    data.colWidth[0] = 3;
-    data.colWidth[1] = 15;
-    data.colWidth[2] = 58;
-    data.cnt = 0;
-    sqlite3_exec(p->db, "PRAGMA database_list; ", callback, &data, &zErrMsg);
-    if( zErrMsg ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
-      sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
-      rc = 1;
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='d' && strncmp(azArg[0], "dump", n)==0 && nArg<3 ){
-    char *zErrMsg = 0;
-    open_db(p);
-    /* When playing back a "dump", the content might appear in an order
-    ** which causes immediate foreign key constraints to be violated.
-    ** So disable foreign-key constraint enforcement to prevent problems. */
-    fprintf(p->out, "PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;\n");
-    fprintf(p->out, "BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n");
-    p->writableSchema = 0;
-    sqlite3_exec(p->db, "PRAGMA writable_schema=ON", 0, 0, 0);
-    if( nArg==1 ){
-      run_schema_dump_query(p, 
-        "SELECT name, type, sql FROM sqlite_master "
-        "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type=='table' AND name!='sqlite_sequence'", 0
-      );
-      run_schema_dump_query(p, 
-        "SELECT name, type, sql FROM sqlite_master "
-        "WHERE name=='sqlite_sequence'", 0
-      );
-      run_table_dump_query(p->out, p->db,
-        "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master "
-        "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type IN ('index','trigger','view')", 0
-      );
-    }else{
-      int i;
-      for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
-        zShellStatic = azArg[i];
-        run_schema_dump_query(p,
-          "SELECT name, type, sql FROM sqlite_master "
-          "WHERE tbl_name LIKE shellstatic() AND type=='table'"
-          "  AND sql NOT NULL", 0);
-        run_table_dump_query(p->out, p->db,
-          "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master "
-          "WHERE sql NOT NULL"
-          "  AND type IN ('index','trigger','view')"
-          "  AND tbl_name LIKE shellstatic()", 0
-        );
-        zShellStatic = 0;
-      }
-    }
-    if( p->writableSchema ){
-      fprintf(p->out, "PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF;\n");
-      p->writableSchema = 0;
-    }
-    sqlite3_exec(p->db, "PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF", 0, 0, 0);
-    if( zErrMsg ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
-      sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
-    }else{
-      fprintf(p->out, "COMMIT;\n");
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "echo", n)==0 && nArg>1 && nArg<3 ){
-    p->echoOn = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "exit", n)==0  && nArg==1 ){
-    rc = 2;
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "explain", n)==0 && nArg<3 ){
-    int val = nArg>=2 ? booleanValue(azArg[1]) : 1;
-    if(val == 1) {
-      if(!p->explainPrev.valid) {
-        p->explainPrev.valid = 1;
-        p->explainPrev.mode = p->mode;
-        p->explainPrev.showHeader = p->showHeader;
-        memcpy(p->explainPrev.colWidth,p->colWidth,sizeof(p->colWidth));
-      }
-      /* We could put this code under the !p->explainValid
-      ** condition so that it does not execute if we are already in
-      ** explain mode. However, always executing it allows us an easy
-      ** was to reset to explain mode in case the user previously
-      ** did an .explain followed by a .width, .mode or .header
-      ** command.
-      */
-      p->mode = MODE_Explain;
-      p->showHeader = 1;
-      memset(p->colWidth,0,ArraySize(p->colWidth));
-      p->colWidth[0] = 4;                  /* addr */
-      p->colWidth[1] = 13;                 /* opcode */
-      p->colWidth[2] = 4;                  /* P1 */
-      p->colWidth[3] = 4;                  /* P2 */
-      p->colWidth[4] = 4;                  /* P3 */
-      p->colWidth[5] = 13;                 /* P4 */
-      p->colWidth[6] = 2;                  /* P5 */
-      p->colWidth[7] = 13;                  /* Comment */
-    }else if (p->explainPrev.valid) {
-      p->explainPrev.valid = 0;
-      p->mode = p->explainPrev.mode;
-      p->showHeader = p->explainPrev.showHeader;
-      memcpy(p->colWidth,p->explainPrev.colWidth,sizeof(p->colWidth));
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='h' && (strncmp(azArg[0], "header", n)==0 ||
-                 strncmp(azArg[0], "headers", n)==0) && nArg>1 && nArg<3 ){
-    p->showHeader = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='h' && strncmp(azArg[0], "help", n)==0 ){
-    fprintf(stderr,"%s",zHelp);
-    if( HAS_TIMER ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"%s",zTimerHelp);
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='i' && strncmp(azArg[0], "import", n)==0 && nArg==3 ){
-    char *zTable = azArg[2];    /* Insert data into this table */
-    char *zFile = azArg[1];     /* The file from which to extract data */
-    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = NULL; /* A statement */
-    int nCol;                   /* Number of columns in the table */
-    int nByte;                  /* Number of bytes in an SQL string */
-    int i, j;                   /* Loop counters */
-    int nSep;                   /* Number of bytes in p->separator[] */
-    char *zSql;                 /* An SQL statement */
-    char *zLine;                /* A single line of input from the file */
-    char **azCol;               /* zLine[] broken up into columns */
-    char *zCommit;              /* How to commit changes */   
-    FILE *in;                   /* The input file */
-    int lineno = 0;             /* Line number of input file */
-
-    open_db(p);
-    nSep = strlen30(p->separator);
-    if( nSep==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: non-null separator required for import\n");
-      return 1;
-    }
-    zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT * FROM '%q'", zTable);
-    if( zSql==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: out of memory\n");
-      return 1;
-    }
-    nByte = strlen30(zSql);
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
-    sqlite3_free(zSql);
-    if( rc ){
-      if (pStmt) sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-      return 1;
-    }
-    nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
-    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-    pStmt = 0;
-    if( nCol==0 ) return 0; /* no columns, no error */
-    zSql = malloc( nByte + 20 + nCol*2 );
-    if( zSql==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: out of memory\n");
-      return 1;
-    }
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nByte+20, zSql, "INSERT INTO '%q' VALUES(?", zTable);
-    j = strlen30(zSql);
-    for(i=1; i<nCol; i++){
-      zSql[j++] = ',';
-      zSql[j++] = '?';
-    }
-    zSql[j++] = ')';
-    zSql[j] = 0;
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
-    free(zSql);
-    if( rc ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-      if (pStmt) sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    in = fopen(zFile, "rb");
-    if( in==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zFile);
-      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    azCol = malloc( sizeof(azCol[0])*(nCol+1) );
-    if( azCol==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: out of memory\n");
-      fclose(in);
-      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    sqlite3_exec(p->db, "BEGIN", 0, 0, 0);
-    zCommit = "COMMIT";
-    while( (zLine = local_getline(0, in))!=0 ){
-      char *z;
-      i = 0;
-      lineno++;
-      azCol[0] = zLine;
-      for(i=0, z=zLine; *z && *z!='\n' && *z!='\r'; z++){
-        if( *z==p->separator[0] && strncmp(z, p->separator, nSep)==0 ){
-          *z = 0;
-          i++;
-          if( i<nCol ){
-            azCol[i] = &z[nSep];
-            z += nSep-1;
-          }
-        }
-      } /* end for */
-      *z = 0;
-      if( i+1!=nCol ){
-        fprintf(stderr,
-                "Error: %s line %d: expected %d columns of data but found %d\n",
-                zFile, lineno, nCol, i+1);
-        zCommit = "ROLLBACK";
-        free(zLine);
-        rc = 1;
-        break; /* from while */
-      }
-      for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-        sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, i+1, azCol[i], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-      }
-      sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-      rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-      free(zLine);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-        zCommit = "ROLLBACK";
-        rc = 1;
-        break; /* from while */
-      }
-    } /* end while */
-    free(azCol);
-    fclose(in);
-    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-    sqlite3_exec(p->db, zCommit, 0, 0, 0);
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='i' && strncmp(azArg[0], "indices", n)==0 && nArg<3 ){
-    struct callback_data data;
-    char *zErrMsg = 0;
-    open_db(p);
-    memcpy(&data, p, sizeof(data));
-    data.showHeader = 0;
-    data.mode = MODE_List;
-    if( nArg==1 ){
-      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db,
-        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master "
-        "WHERE type='index' AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
-        "UNION ALL "
-        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master "
-        "WHERE type='index' "
-        "ORDER BY 1",
-        callback, &data, &zErrMsg
-      );
-    }else{
-      zShellStatic = azArg[1];
-      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db,
-        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master "
-        "WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE shellstatic() "
-        "UNION ALL "
-        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master "
-        "WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE shellstatic() "
-        "ORDER BY 1",
-        callback, &data, &zErrMsg
-      );
-      zShellStatic = 0;
-    }
-    if( zErrMsg ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
-      sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
-      rc = 1;
-    }else if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: querying sqlite_master and sqlite_temp_master\n");
-      rc = 1;
-    }
-  }else
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
-  if( c=='i' && strncmp(azArg[0], "iotrace", n)==0 ){
-    extern void (*sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*, ...);
-    if( iotrace && iotrace!=stdout ) fclose(iotrace);
-    iotrace = 0;
-    if( nArg<2 ){
-      sqlite3IoTrace = 0;
-    }else if( strcmp(azArg[1], "-")==0 ){
-      sqlite3IoTrace = iotracePrintf;
-      iotrace = stdout;
-    }else{
-      iotrace = fopen(azArg[1], "w");
-      if( iotrace==0 ){
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
-        sqlite3IoTrace = 0;
-        rc = 1;
-      }else{
-        sqlite3IoTrace = iotracePrintf;
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-  if( c=='l' && strncmp(azArg[0], "load", n)==0 && nArg>=2 ){
-    const char *zFile, *zProc;
-    char *zErrMsg = 0;
-    zFile = azArg[1];
-    zProc = nArg>=3 ? azArg[2] : 0;
-    open_db(p);
-    rc = sqlite3_load_extension(p->db, zFile, zProc, &zErrMsg);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
-      sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
-      rc = 1;
-    }
-  }else
-#endif
-
-  if( c=='l' && strncmp(azArg[0], "log", n)==0 && nArg>=1 ){
-    const char *zFile = azArg[1];
-    if( p->pLog && p->pLog!=stdout && p->pLog!=stderr ){
-      fclose(p->pLog);
-      p->pLog = 0;
-    }
-    if( strcmp(zFile,"stdout")==0 ){
-      p->pLog = stdout;
-    }else if( strcmp(zFile, "stderr")==0 ){
-      p->pLog = stderr;
-    }else if( strcmp(zFile, "off")==0 ){
-      p->pLog = 0;
-    }else{
-      p->pLog = fopen(zFile, "w");
-      if( p->pLog==0 ){
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zFile);
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='m' && strncmp(azArg[0], "mode", n)==0 && nArg==2 ){
-    int n2 = strlen30(azArg[1]);
-    if( (n2==4 && strncmp(azArg[1],"line",n2)==0)
-        ||
-        (n2==5 && strncmp(azArg[1],"lines",n2)==0) ){
-      p->mode = MODE_Line;
-    }else if( (n2==6 && strncmp(azArg[1],"column",n2)==0)
-              ||
-              (n2==7 && strncmp(azArg[1],"columns",n2)==0) ){
-      p->mode = MODE_Column;
-    }else if( n2==4 && strncmp(azArg[1],"list",n2)==0 ){
-      p->mode = MODE_List;
-    }else if( n2==4 && strncmp(azArg[1],"html",n2)==0 ){
-      p->mode = MODE_Html;
-    }else if( n2==3 && strncmp(azArg[1],"tcl",n2)==0 ){
-      p->mode = MODE_Tcl;
-    }else if( n2==3 && strncmp(azArg[1],"csv",n2)==0 ){
-      p->mode = MODE_Csv;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->separator), p->separator, ",");
-    }else if( n2==4 && strncmp(azArg[1],"tabs",n2)==0 ){
-      p->mode = MODE_List;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->separator), p->separator, "\t");
-    }else if( n2==6 && strncmp(azArg[1],"insert",n2)==0 ){
-      p->mode = MODE_Insert;
-      set_table_name(p, "table");
-    }else {
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: mode should be one of: "
-         "column csv html insert line list tabs tcl\n");
-      rc = 1;
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='m' && strncmp(azArg[0], "mode", n)==0 && nArg==3 ){
-    int n2 = strlen30(azArg[1]);
-    if( n2==6 && strncmp(azArg[1],"insert",n2)==0 ){
-      p->mode = MODE_Insert;
-      set_table_name(p, azArg[2]);
-    }else {
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: invalid arguments: "
-        " \"%s\". Enter \".help\" for help\n", azArg[2]);
-      rc = 1;
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='n' && strncmp(azArg[0], "nullvalue", n)==0 && nArg==2 ) {
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->nullvalue), p->nullvalue,
-                     "%.*s", (int)ArraySize(p->nullvalue)-1, azArg[1]);
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='o' && strncmp(azArg[0], "output", n)==0 && nArg==2 ){
-    if( p->out!=stdout ){
-      fclose(p->out);
-    }
-    if( strcmp(azArg[1],"stdout")==0 ){
-      p->out = stdout;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->outfile), p->outfile, "stdout");
-    }else{
-      p->out = fopen(azArg[1], "wb");
-      if( p->out==0 ){
-        fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot write to \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
-        p->out = stdout;
-        rc = 1;
-      } else {
-         sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->outfile), p->outfile, "%s", azArg[1]);
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='p' && strncmp(azArg[0], "prompt", n)==0 && (nArg==2 || nArg==3)){
-    if( nArg >= 2) {
-      strncpy(mainPrompt,azArg[1],(int)ArraySize(mainPrompt)-1);
-    }
-    if( nArg >= 3) {
-      strncpy(continuePrompt,azArg[2],(int)ArraySize(continuePrompt)-1);
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='q' && strncmp(azArg[0], "quit", n)==0 && nArg==1 ){
-    rc = 2;
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='r' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "read", n)==0 && nArg==2 ){
-    FILE *alt = fopen(azArg[1], "rb");
-    if( alt==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
-      rc = 1;
-    }else{
-      rc = process_input(p, alt);
-      fclose(alt);
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='r' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "restore", n)==0 && nArg>1 && nArg<4){
-    const char *zSrcFile;
-    const char *zDb;
-    sqlite3 *pSrc;
-    sqlite3_backup *pBackup;
-    int nTimeout = 0;
-
-    if( nArg==2 ){
-      zSrcFile = azArg[1];
-      zDb = "main";
-    }else{
-      zSrcFile = azArg[2];
-      zDb = azArg[1];
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3_open(zSrcFile, &pSrc);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zSrcFile);
-      sqlite3_close(pSrc);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    open_db(p);
-    pBackup = sqlite3_backup_init(p->db, zDb, pSrc, "main");
-    if( pBackup==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
-      sqlite3_close(pSrc);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    while( (rc = sqlite3_backup_step(pBackup,100))==SQLITE_OK
-          || rc==SQLITE_BUSY  ){
-      if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-        if( nTimeout++ >= 3 ) break;
-        sqlite3_sleep(100);
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3_backup_finish(pBackup);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-      rc = 0;
-    }else if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_LOCKED ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: source database is busy\n");
-      rc = 1;
-    }else{
-      fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
-      rc = 1;
-    }
-    sqlite3_close(pSrc);
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0], "schema", n)==0 && nArg<3 ){
-    struct callback_data data;
-    char *zErrMsg = 0;
-    open_db(p);
-    memcpy(&data, p, sizeof(data));
-    data.showHeader = 0;
-    data.mode = MODE_Semi;
-    if( nArg>1 ){
-      int i;
-      for(i=0; azArg[1][i]; i++) azArg[1][i] = (char)tolower(azArg[1][i]);
-      if( strcmp(azArg[1],"sqlite_master")==0 ){
-        char *new_argv[2], *new_colv[2];
-        new_argv[0] = "CREATE TABLE sqlite_master (\n"
-                      "  type text,\n"
-                      "  name text,\n"
-                      "  tbl_name text,\n"
-                      "  rootpage integer,\n"
-                      "  sql text\n"
-                      ")";
-        new_argv[1] = 0;
-        new_colv[0] = "sql";
-        new_colv[1] = 0;
-        callback(&data, 1, new_argv, new_colv);
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      }else if( strcmp(azArg[1],"sqlite_temp_master")==0 ){
-        char *new_argv[2], *new_colv[2];
-        new_argv[0] = "CREATE TEMP TABLE sqlite_temp_master (\n"
-                      "  type text,\n"
-                      "  name text,\n"
-                      "  tbl_name text,\n"
-                      "  rootpage integer,\n"
-                      "  sql text\n"
-                      ")";
-        new_argv[1] = 0;
-        new_colv[0] = "sql";
-        new_colv[1] = 0;
-        callback(&data, 1, new_argv, new_colv);
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      }else{
-        zShellStatic = azArg[1];
-        rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db,
-          "SELECT sql FROM "
-          "  (SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name"
-          "     FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL"
-          "   SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
-          "WHERE tbl_name LIKE shellstatic() AND type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL "
-          "ORDER BY substr(type,2,1), name",
-          callback, &data, &zErrMsg);
-        zShellStatic = 0;
-      }
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db,
-         "SELECT sql FROM "
-         "  (SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name"
-         "     FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL"
-         "   SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
-         "WHERE type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%'"
-         "ORDER BY substr(type,2,1), name",
-         callback, &data, &zErrMsg
-      );
-    }
-    if( zErrMsg ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
-      sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
-      rc = 1;
-    }else if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: querying schema information\n");
-      rc = 1;
-    }else{
-      rc = 0;
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0], "separator", n)==0 && nArg==2 ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->separator), p->separator,
-                     "%.*s", (int)sizeof(p->separator)-1, azArg[1]);
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0], "show", n)==0 && nArg==1 ){
-    int i;
-    fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: %s\n","echo", p->echoOn ? "on" : "off");
-    fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: %s\n","explain", p->explainPrev.valid ? "on" :"off");
-    fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: %s\n","headers", p->showHeader ? "on" : "off");
-    fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: %s\n","mode", modeDescr[p->mode]);
-    fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: ", "nullvalue");
-      output_c_string(p->out, p->nullvalue);
-      fprintf(p->out, "\n");
-    fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: %s\n","output",
-            strlen30(p->outfile) ? p->outfile : "stdout");
-    fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: ", "separator");
-      output_c_string(p->out, p->separator);
-      fprintf(p->out, "\n");
-    fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: ","width");
-    for (i=0;i<(int)ArraySize(p->colWidth) && p->colWidth[i] != 0;i++) {
-      fprintf(p->out,"%d ",p->colWidth[i]);
-    }
-    fprintf(p->out,"\n");
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='t' && n>1 && strncmp(azArg[0], "tables", n)==0 && nArg<3 ){
-    char **azResult;
-    int nRow;
-    char *zErrMsg;
-    open_db(p);
-    if( nArg==1 ){
-      rc = sqlite3_get_table(p->db,
-        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master "
-        "WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
-        "UNION ALL "
-        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master "
-        "WHERE type IN ('table','view') "
-        "ORDER BY 1",
-        &azResult, &nRow, 0, &zErrMsg
-      );
-    }else{
-      zShellStatic = azArg[1];
-      rc = sqlite3_get_table(p->db,
-        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master "
-        "WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name LIKE shellstatic() "
-        "UNION ALL "
-        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master "
-        "WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name LIKE shellstatic() "
-        "ORDER BY 1",
-        &azResult, &nRow, 0, &zErrMsg
-      );
-      zShellStatic = 0;
-    }
-    if( zErrMsg ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
-      sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
-      rc = 1;
-    }else if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: querying sqlite_master and sqlite_temp_master\n");
-      rc = 1;
-    }else{
-      int len, maxlen = 0;
-      int i, j;
-      int nPrintCol, nPrintRow;
-      for(i=1; i<=nRow; i++){
-        if( azResult[i]==0 ) continue;
-        len = strlen30(azResult[i]);
-        if( len>maxlen ) maxlen = len;
-      }
-      nPrintCol = 80/(maxlen+2);
-      if( nPrintCol<1 ) nPrintCol = 1;
-      nPrintRow = (nRow + nPrintCol - 1)/nPrintCol;
-      for(i=0; i<nPrintRow; i++){
-        for(j=i+1; j<=nRow; j+=nPrintRow){
-          char *zSp = j<=nPrintRow ? "" : "  ";
-          printf("%s%-*s", zSp, maxlen, azResult[j] ? azResult[j] : "");
-        }
-        printf("\n");
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3_free_table(azResult);
-  }else
-
-  if( c=='t' && n>4 && strncmp(azArg[0], "timeout", n)==0 && nArg==2 ){
-    open_db(p);
-    sqlite3_busy_timeout(p->db, atoi(azArg[1]));
-  }else
-    
-  if( HAS_TIMER && c=='t' && n>=5 && strncmp(azArg[0], "timer", n)==0 && nArg==2 ){
-    enableTimer = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
-  }else
-  
-  if( c=='w' && strncmp(azArg[0], "width", n)==0 && nArg>1 ){
-    int j;
-    assert( nArg<=ArraySize(azArg) );
-    for(j=1; j<nArg && j<ArraySize(p->colWidth); j++){
-      p->colWidth[j-1] = atoi(azArg[j]);
-    }
-  }else
-
-  {
-    fprintf(stderr, "Error: unknown command or invalid arguments: "
-      " \"%s\". Enter \".help\" for help\n", azArg[0]);
-    rc = 1;
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if a semicolon occurs anywhere in the first N characters
-** of string z[].
-*/
-static int _contains_semicolon(const char *z, int N){
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<N; i++){  if( z[i]==';' ) return 1; }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Test to see if a line consists entirely of whitespace.
-*/
-static int _all_whitespace(const char *z){
-  for(; *z; z++){
-    if( isspace(*(unsigned char*)z) ) continue;
-    if( *z=='/' && z[1]=='*' ){
-      z += 2;
-      while( *z && (*z!='*' || z[1]!='/') ){ z++; }
-      if( *z==0 ) return 0;
-      z++;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if( *z=='-' && z[1]=='-' ){
-      z += 2;
-      while( *z && *z!='\n' ){ z++; }
-      if( *z==0 ) return 1;
-      continue;
-    }
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if the line typed in is an SQL command terminator other
-** than a semi-colon.  The SQL Server style "go" command is understood
-** as is the Oracle "/".
-*/
-static int _is_command_terminator(const char *zLine){
-  while( isspace(*(unsigned char*)zLine) ){ zLine++; };
-  if( zLine[0]=='/' && _all_whitespace(&zLine[1]) ){
-    return 1;  /* Oracle */
-  }
-  if( tolower(zLine[0])=='g' && tolower(zLine[1])=='o'
-         && _all_whitespace(&zLine[2]) ){
-    return 1;  /* SQL Server */
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return true if zSql is a complete SQL statement.  Return false if it
-** ends in the middle of a string literal or C-style comment.
-*/
-static int _is_complete(char *zSql, int nSql){
-  int rc;
-  if( zSql==0 ) return 1;
-  zSql[nSql] = ';';
-  zSql[nSql+1] = 0;
-  rc = sqlite3_complete(zSql);
-  zSql[nSql] = 0;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Read input from *in and process it.  If *in==0 then input
-** is interactive - the user is typing it it.  Otherwise, input
-** is coming from a file or device.  A prompt is issued and history
-** is saved only if input is interactive.  An interrupt signal will
-** cause this routine to exit immediately, unless input is interactive.
-**
-** Return the number of errors.
-*/
-static int process_input(struct callback_data *p, FILE *in){
-  char *zLine = 0;
-  char *zSql = 0;
-  int nSql = 0;
-  int nSqlPrior = 0;
-  char *zErrMsg;
-  int rc;
-  int errCnt = 0;
-  int lineno = 0;
-  int startline = 0;
-
-  while( errCnt==0 || !bail_on_error || (in==0 && stdin_is_interactive) ){
-    fflush(p->out);
-    free(zLine);
-    zLine = one_input_line(zSql, in);
-    if( zLine==0 ){
-      break;  /* We have reached EOF */
-    }
-    if( seenInterrupt ){
-      if( in!=0 ) break;
-      seenInterrupt = 0;
-    }
-    lineno++;
-    if( (zSql==0 || zSql[0]==0) && _all_whitespace(zLine) ) continue;
-    if( zLine && zLine[0]=='.' && nSql==0 ){
-      if( p->echoOn ) printf("%s\n", zLine);
-      rc = do_meta_command(zLine, p);
-      if( rc==2 ){ /* exit requested */
-        break;
-      }else if( rc ){
-        errCnt++;
-      }
-      continue;
-    }
-    if( _is_command_terminator(zLine) && _is_complete(zSql, nSql) ){
-      memcpy(zLine,";",2);
-    }
-    nSqlPrior = nSql;
-    if( zSql==0 ){
-      int i;
-      for(i=0; zLine[i] && isspace((unsigned char)zLine[i]); i++){}
-      if( zLine[i]!=0 ){
-        nSql = strlen30(zLine);
-        zSql = malloc( nSql+3 );
-        if( zSql==0 ){
-          fprintf(stderr, "Error: out of memory\n");
-          exit(1);
-        }
-        memcpy(zSql, zLine, nSql+1);
-        startline = lineno;
-      }
-    }else{
-      int len = strlen30(zLine);
-      zSql = realloc( zSql, nSql + len + 4 );
-      if( zSql==0 ){
-        fprintf(stderr,"Error: out of memory\n");
-        exit(1);
-      }
-      zSql[nSql++] = '\n';
-      memcpy(&zSql[nSql], zLine, len+1);
-      nSql += len;
-    }
-    if( zSql && _contains_semicolon(&zSql[nSqlPrior], nSql-nSqlPrior)
-                && sqlite3_complete(zSql) ){
-      p->cnt = 0;
-      open_db(p);
-      BEGIN_TIMER;
-      rc = shell_exec(p->db, zSql, shell_callback, p, &zErrMsg);
-      END_TIMER;
-      if( rc || zErrMsg ){
-        char zPrefix[100];
-        if( in!=0 || !stdin_is_interactive ){
-          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zPrefix), zPrefix, 
-                           "Error: near line %d:", startline);
-        }else{
-          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zPrefix), zPrefix, "Error:");
-        }
-        if( zErrMsg!=0 ){
-          fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", zPrefix, zErrMsg);
-          sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
-          zErrMsg = 0;
-        }else{
-          fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", zPrefix, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
-        }
-        errCnt++;
-      }
-      free(zSql);
-      zSql = 0;
-      nSql = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  if( zSql ){
-    if( !_all_whitespace(zSql) ) fprintf(stderr, "Error: incomplete SQL: %s\n", zSql);
-    free(zSql);
-  }
-  free(zLine);
-  return errCnt;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pathname which is the user's home directory.  A
-** 0 return indicates an error of some kind.  Space to hold the
-** resulting string is obtained from malloc().  The calling
-** function should free the result.
-*/
-static char *find_home_dir(void){
-  char *home_dir = NULL;
-
-#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__OS2__) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE) && !defined(__RTP__) && !defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
-  struct passwd *pwent;
-  uid_t uid = getuid();
-  if( (pwent=getpwuid(uid)) != NULL) {
-    home_dir = pwent->pw_dir;
-  }
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_WIN32_WCE)
-  /* Windows CE (arm-wince-mingw32ce-gcc) does not provide getenv()
-   */
-  home_dir = strdup("/");
-#else
-
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32) || defined(__OS2__)
-  if (!home_dir) {
-    home_dir = getenv("USERPROFILE");
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if (!home_dir) {
-    home_dir = getenv("HOME");
-  }
-
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32) || defined(__OS2__)
-  if (!home_dir) {
-    char *zDrive, *zPath;
-    int n;
-    zDrive = getenv("HOMEDRIVE");
-    zPath = getenv("HOMEPATH");
-    if( zDrive && zPath ){
-      n = strlen30(zDrive) + strlen30(zPath) + 1;
-      home_dir = malloc( n );
-      if( home_dir==0 ) return 0;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(n, home_dir, "%s%s", zDrive, zPath);
-      return home_dir;
-    }
-    home_dir = "c:\\";
-  }
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !_WIN32_WCE */
-
-  if( home_dir ){
-    int n = strlen30(home_dir) + 1;
-    char *z = malloc( n );
-    if( z ) memcpy(z, home_dir, n);
-    home_dir = z;
-  }
-
-  return home_dir;
-}
-
-/*
-** Read input from the file given by sqliterc_override.  Or if that
-** parameter is NULL, take input from ~/.sqliterc
-**
-** Returns the number of errors.
-*/
-static int process_sqliterc(
-  struct callback_data *p,        /* Configuration data */
-  const char *sqliterc_override   /* Name of config file. NULL to use default */
-){
-  char *home_dir = NULL;
-  const char *sqliterc = sqliterc_override;
-  char *zBuf = 0;
-  FILE *in = NULL;
-  int nBuf;
-  int rc = 0;
-
-  if (sqliterc == NULL) {
-    home_dir = find_home_dir();
-    if( home_dir==0 ){
-#if !defined(__RTP__) && !defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
-      fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: cannot locate your home directory\n", Argv0);
-#endif
-      return 1;
-    }
-    nBuf = strlen30(home_dir) + 16;
-    zBuf = malloc( nBuf );
-    if( zBuf==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: out of memory\n",Argv0);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf, zBuf,"%s/.sqliterc",home_dir);
-    free(home_dir);
-    sqliterc = (const char*)zBuf;
-  }
-  in = fopen(sqliterc,"rb");
-  if( in ){
-    if( stdin_is_interactive ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"-- Loading resources from %s\n",sqliterc);
-    }
-    rc = process_input(p,in);
-    fclose(in);
-  }
-  free(zBuf);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Show available command line options
-*/
-static const char zOptions[] = 
-  "   -help                show this message\n"
-  "   -init filename       read/process named file\n"
-  "   -echo                print commands before execution\n"
-  "   -[no]header          turn headers on or off\n"
-  "   -bail                stop after hitting an error\n"
-  "   -interactive         force interactive I/O\n"
-  "   -batch               force batch I/O\n"
-  "   -column              set output mode to 'column'\n"
-  "   -csv                 set output mode to 'csv'\n"
-  "   -html                set output mode to HTML\n"
-  "   -line                set output mode to 'line'\n"
-  "   -list                set output mode to 'list'\n"
-  "   -separator 'x'       set output field separator (|)\n"
-  "   -nullvalue 'text'    set text string for NULL values\n"
-  "   -version             show SQLite version\n"
-;
-static void usage(int showDetail){
-  fprintf(stderr,
-      "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILENAME [SQL]\n"  
-      "FILENAME is the name of an SQLite database. A new database is created\n"
-      "if the file does not previously exist.\n", Argv0);
-  if( showDetail ){
-    fprintf(stderr, "OPTIONS include:\n%s", zOptions);
-  }else{
-    fprintf(stderr, "Use the -help option for additional information\n");
-  }
-  exit(1);
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize the state information in data
-*/
-static void main_init(struct callback_data *data) {
-  memset(data, 0, sizeof(*data));
-  data->mode = MODE_List;
-  memcpy(data->separator,"|", 2);
-  data->showHeader = 0;
-  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, shellLog, data);
-  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(mainPrompt), mainPrompt,"sqlite> ");
-  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(continuePrompt), continuePrompt,"   ...> ");
-  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD);
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv){
-  char *zErrMsg = 0;
-  struct callback_data data;
-  const char *zInitFile = 0;
-  char *zFirstCmd = 0;
-  int i;
-  int rc = 0;
-
-  Argv0 = argv[0];
-  main_init(&data);
-  stdin_is_interactive = isatty(0);
-
-  /* Make sure we have a valid signal handler early, before anything
-  ** else is done.
-  */
-#ifdef SIGINT
-  signal(SIGINT, interrupt_handler);
-#endif
-
-  /* Do an initial pass through the command-line argument to locate
-  ** the name of the database file, the name of the initialization file,
-  ** and the first command to execute.
-  */
-  for(i=1; i<argc-1; i++){
-    char *z;
-    if( argv[i][0]!='-' ) break;
-    z = argv[i];
-    if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='-' ) z++;
-    if( strcmp(argv[i],"-separator")==0 || strcmp(argv[i],"-nullvalue")==0 ){
-      i++;
-    }else if( strcmp(argv[i],"-init")==0 ){
-      i++;
-      zInitFile = argv[i];
-    /* Need to check for batch mode here to so we can avoid printing
-    ** informational messages (like from process_sqliterc) before 
-    ** we do the actual processing of arguments later in a second pass.
-    */
-    }else if( strcmp(argv[i],"-batch")==0 ){
-      stdin_is_interactive = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  if( i<argc ){
-#if defined(SQLITE_OS_OS2) && SQLITE_OS_OS2
-    data.zDbFilename = (const char *)convertCpPathToUtf8( argv[i++] );
-#else
-    data.zDbFilename = argv[i++];
-#endif
-  }else{
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
-    data.zDbFilename = ":memory:";
-#else
-    data.zDbFilename = 0;
-#endif
-  }
-  if( i<argc ){
-    zFirstCmd = argv[i++];
-  }
-  if( i<argc ){
-    fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: too many options: \"%s\"\n", Argv0, argv[i]);
-    fprintf(stderr,"Use -help for a list of options.\n");
-    return 1;
-  }
-  data.out = stdout;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
-  if( data.zDbFilename==0 ){
-    fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: no database filename specified\n", Argv0);
-    return 1;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Go ahead and open the database file if it already exists.  If the
-  ** file does not exist, delay opening it.  This prevents empty database
-  ** files from being created if a user mistypes the database name argument
-  ** to the sqlite command-line tool.
-  */
-  if( access(data.zDbFilename, 0)==0 ){
-    open_db(&data);
-  }
-
-  /* Process the initialization file if there is one.  If no -init option
-  ** is given on the command line, look for a file named ~/.sqliterc and
-  ** try to process it.
-  */
-  rc = process_sqliterc(&data,zInitFile);
-  if( rc>0 ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* Make a second pass through the command-line argument and set
-  ** options.  This second pass is delayed until after the initialization
-  ** file is processed so that the command-line arguments will override
-  ** settings in the initialization file.
-  */
-  for(i=1; i<argc && argv[i][0]=='-'; i++){
-    char *z = argv[i];
-    if( z[1]=='-' ){ z++; }
-    if( strcmp(z,"-init")==0 ){
-      i++;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-html")==0 ){
-      data.mode = MODE_Html;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-list")==0 ){
-      data.mode = MODE_List;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-line")==0 ){
-      data.mode = MODE_Line;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-column")==0 ){
-      data.mode = MODE_Column;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-csv")==0 ){
-      data.mode = MODE_Csv;
-      memcpy(data.separator,",",2);
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-separator")==0 ){
-      i++;
-      if(i>=argc){
-        fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: missing argument for option: %s\n", Argv0, z);
-        fprintf(stderr,"Use -help for a list of options.\n");
-        return 1;
-      }
-      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.separator), data.separator,
-                       "%.*s",(int)sizeof(data.separator)-1,argv[i]);
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-nullvalue")==0 ){
-      i++;
-      if(i>=argc){
-        fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: missing argument for option: %s\n", Argv0, z);
-        fprintf(stderr,"Use -help for a list of options.\n");
-        return 1;
-      }
-      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.nullvalue), data.nullvalue,
-                       "%.*s",(int)sizeof(data.nullvalue)-1,argv[i]);
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-header")==0 ){
-      data.showHeader = 1;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-noheader")==0 ){
-      data.showHeader = 0;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-echo")==0 ){
-      data.echoOn = 1;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-bail")==0 ){
-      bail_on_error = 1;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-version")==0 ){
-      printf("%s\n", sqlite3_libversion());
-      return 0;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-interactive")==0 ){
-      stdin_is_interactive = 1;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-batch")==0 ){
-      stdin_is_interactive = 0;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-help")==0 || strcmp(z, "--help")==0 ){
-      usage(1);
-    }else{
-      fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: unknown option: %s\n", Argv0, z);
-      fprintf(stderr,"Use -help for a list of options.\n");
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( zFirstCmd ){
-    /* Run just the command that follows the database name
-    */
-    if( zFirstCmd[0]=='.' ){
-      rc = do_meta_command(zFirstCmd, &data);
-      return rc;
-    }else{
-      open_db(&data);
-      rc = shell_exec(data.db, zFirstCmd, shell_callback, &data, &zErrMsg);
-      if( zErrMsg!=0 ){
-        fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
-        return rc!=0 ? rc : 1;
-      }else if( rc!=0 ){
-        fprintf(stderr,"Error: unable to process SQL \"%s\"\n", zFirstCmd);
-        return rc;
-      }
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* Run commands received from standard input
-    */
-    if( stdin_is_interactive ){
-      char *zHome;
-      char *zHistory = 0;
-      int nHistory;
-      printf(
-        "SQLite version %s\n"
-        "Enter \".help\" for instructions\n"
-        "Enter SQL statements terminated with a \";\"\n",
-        sqlite3_libversion()
-      );
-      zHome = find_home_dir();
-      if( zHome ){
-        nHistory = strlen30(zHome) + 20;
-        if( (zHistory = malloc(nHistory))!=0 ){
-          sqlite3_snprintf(nHistory, zHistory,"%s/.sqlite_history", zHome);
-        }
-      }
-#if defined(HAVE_READLINE) && HAVE_READLINE==1
-      if( zHistory ) read_history(zHistory);
-#endif
-      rc = process_input(&data, 0);
-      if( zHistory ){
-        stifle_history(100);
-        write_history(zHistory);
-        free(zHistory);
-      }
-      free(zHome);
-    }else{
-      rc = process_input(&data, stdin);
-    }
-  }
-  set_table_name(&data, 0);
-  if( db ){
-    if( sqlite3_close(db)!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot close database \"%s\"\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-      rc++;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}

diff --git a/win64/sqlite/sqlite3.c b/win64/sqlite/sqlite3.c
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 4db4846..0000000
--- a/win64/sqlite/sqlite3.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,112444 +0,0 @@
-/******************************************************************************
-** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
-** version 3.6.23.1.  By combining all the individual C code files into this 
-** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a one translation
-** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
-** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
-** of 5% are more are commonly seen when SQLite is compiled as a single
-** translation unit.
-**
-** This file is all you need to compile SQLite.  To use SQLite in other
-** programs, you need this file and the "sqlite3.h" header file that defines
-** the programming interface to the SQLite library.  (If you do not have 
-** the "sqlite3.h" header file at hand, you will find a copy embedded within
-** the text of this file.  Search for "Begin file sqlite3.h" to find the start
-** of the embedded sqlite3.h header file.) Additional code files may be needed
-** if you want a wrapper to interface SQLite with your choice of programming
-** language. The code for the "sqlite3" command-line shell is also in a
-** separate file. This file contains only code for the core SQLite library.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_CORE 1
-#define SQLITE_AMALGAMATION 1
-#ifndef SQLITE_PRIVATE
-# define SQLITE_PRIVATE static
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_API
-# define SQLITE_API
-#endif
-/************** Begin file sqliteInt.h ***************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
-**
-*/
-#ifndef _SQLITEINT_H_
-#define _SQLITEINT_H_
-
-/*
-** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
-** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
-** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
-**
-** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
-** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
-** code in all source files.
-**
-** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
-** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
-** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
-** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
-** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
-** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
-** portability you should omit LFS.
-**
-** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
-# define _LARGE_FILE       1
-# ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
-#   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
-# endif
-# define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
-** autoconf-based build
-*/
-#ifdef _HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H
-#include "config.h"
-#endif
-
-/************** Include sqliteLimit.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ***********/
-/************** Begin file sqliteLimit.h *************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 May 7
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** 
-** This file defines various limits of what SQLite can process.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The maximum length of a TEXT or BLOB in bytes.   This also
-** limits the size of a row in a table or index.
-**
-** The hard limit is the ability of a 32-bit signed integer
-** to count the size: 2^31-1 or 2147483647.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
-# define SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH 1000000000
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This is the maximum number of
-**
-**    * Columns in a table
-**    * Columns in an index
-**    * Columns in a view
-**    * Terms in the SET clause of an UPDATE statement
-**    * Terms in the result set of a SELECT statement
-**    * Terms in the GROUP BY or ORDER BY clauses of a SELECT statement.
-**    * Terms in the VALUES clause of an INSERT statement
-**
-** The hard upper limit here is 32676.  Most database people will
-** tell you that in a well-normalized database, you usually should
-** not have more than a dozen or so columns in any table.  And if
-** that is the case, there is no point in having more than a few
-** dozen values in any of the other situations described above.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
-# define SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN 2000
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The maximum length of a single SQL statement in bytes.
-**
-** It used to be the case that setting this value to zero would
-** turn the limit off.  That is no longer true.  It is not possible
-** to turn this limit off.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH
-# define SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH 1000000000
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The maximum depth of an expression tree. This is limited to 
-** some extent by SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH. But sometime you might 
-** want to place more severe limits on the complexity of an 
-** expression.
-**
-** A value of 0 used to mean that the limit was not enforced.
-** But that is no longer true.  The limit is now strictly enforced
-** at all times.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH
-# define SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH 1000
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.
-** The code generator for compound SELECT statements does one
-** level of recursion for each term.  A stack overflow can result
-** if the number of terms is too large.  In practice, most SQL
-** never has more than 3 or 4 terms.  Use a value of 0 to disable
-** any limit on the number of terms in a compount SELECT.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT
-# define SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT 500
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The maximum number of opcodes in a VDBE program.
-** Not currently enforced.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP
-# define SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP 25000
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The maximum number of arguments to an SQL function.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG
-# define SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG 127
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The maximum number of in-memory pages to use for the main database
-** table and for temporary tables.  The SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE  2000
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_TEMP_CACHE_SIZE
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_TEMP_CACHE_SIZE  500
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The maximum number of attached databases.  This must be between 0
-** and 30.  The upper bound on 30 is because a 32-bit integer bitmap
-** is used internally to track attached databases.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED
-# define SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED 10
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** The maximum value of a ?nnn wildcard that the parser will accept.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER
-# define SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER 999
-#endif
-
-/* Maximum page size.  The upper bound on this value is 32768.  This a limit
-** imposed by the necessity of storing the value in a 2-byte unsigned integer
-** and the fact that the page size must be a power of 2.
-**
-** If this limit is changed, then the compiled library is technically
-** incompatible with an SQLite library compiled with a different limit. If
-** a process operating on a database with a page-size of 65536 bytes 
-** crashes, then an instance of SQLite compiled with the default page-size 
-** limit will not be able to rollback the aborted transaction. This could
-** lead to database corruption.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
-# define SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE 32768
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** The default size of a database page.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE 1024
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
-# undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Ordinarily, if no value is explicitly provided, SQLite creates databases
-** with page size SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE. However, based on certain
-** device characteristics (sector-size and atomic write() support),
-** SQLite may choose a larger value. This constant is the maximum value
-** SQLite will choose on its own.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE
-# define SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE 8192
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
-# undef SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE
-# define SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Maximum number of pages in one database file.
-**
-** This is really just the default value for the max_page_count pragma.
-** This value can be lowered (or raised) at run-time using that the
-** max_page_count macro.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT
-# define SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT 1073741823
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Maximum length (in bytes) of the pattern in a LIKE or GLOB
-** operator.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH
-# define SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH 50000
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Maximum depth of recursion for triggers.
-**
-** A value of 1 means that a trigger program will not be able to itself
-** fire any triggers. A value of 0 means that no trigger programs at all 
-** may be executed.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH
-# define SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH 1000
-#endif
-
-/************** End of sqliteLimit.h *****************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
-
-/* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
-#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
-#pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
-#pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
-#pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
-#pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
-#pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
-#endif
-
-/* Needed for various definitions... */
-#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
-# define _GNU_SOURCE
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Include standard header files as necessary
-*/
-#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
-#include <stdint.h>
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The number of samples of an index that SQLite takes in order to 
-** construct a histogram of the table content when running ANALYZE
-** and with SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-*/
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES 10
-
-/*
-** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
-** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
-** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
-** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
-**
-** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type. 
-** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
-** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
-** that very from one machine to the next.
-**
-** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
-** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
-** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
-** compiler.
-*/
-#if defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
-# define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
-# define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
-#elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
-# define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
-# define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
-#elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
-# define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
-# define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
-#else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
-# define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
-# define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as either 0 or 1.
-** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
-** We support that for legacy
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
-#if defined(THREADSAFE)
-# define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
-#else
-# define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1
-#endif
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS macro must be defined as either 0 or 1.
-** It determines whether or not the features related to 
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS are available by default or not. This value can
-** be overridden at runtime using the sqlite3_config() API.
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
-** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
-**
-**     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
-**     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
-**
-** (Historical note:  There used to be several other options, but we've
-** pared it down to just these two.)
-**
-** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
-** the default.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC)+defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
-# error "At most one of the following compile-time configuration options\
- is allows: SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG"
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC)+defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
-# define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
-** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
-# define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
-#endif
-
-/*
-** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
-** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems.  But Mac OS X is different.
-** The _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X we are told,
-** so it is omitted there.  See ticket #2673.
-**
-** Later we learn that _XOPEN_SOURCE is poorly or incorrectly
-** implemented on some systems.  So we avoid defining it at all
-** if it is already defined or if it is unneeded because we are
-** not doing a threadsafe build.  Ticket #2681.
-**
-** See also ticket #2741.
-*/
-#if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-#  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500  /* Needed to enable pthread recursive mutexes */
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The TCL headers are only needed when compiling the TCL bindings.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_TCL) || defined(TCLSH)
-# include <tcl.h>
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Many people are failing to set -DNDEBUG=1 when compiling SQLite.
-** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and run faster.  So the following
-** lines are added to automatically set NDEBUG unless the -DSQLITE_DEBUG=1
-** option is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
-** feature.
-*/
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) 
-# define NDEBUG 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When 
-** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
-** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
-** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
-** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
-** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
-** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
-** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
-** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
-** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
-** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
-**
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
-# define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
-#else
-# define testcase(X)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
-** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
-** within testcase() and assert() macros.
-*/
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
-# define TESTONLY(X)  X
-#else
-# define TESTONLY(X)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
-** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
-** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
-** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
-** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
-** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
-*/
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-# define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
-#else
-# define VVA_ONLY(X)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which 
-** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
-** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
-** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
-** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
-** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
-** hint of unplanned behavior.
-**
-** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
-**
-** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
-** be true and false so that the unreachable code then specify will
-** not be counted as untested code.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
-# define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
-# define NEVER(X)       (0)
-#elif !defined(NDEBUG)
-# define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
-# define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
-#else
-# define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
-# define NEVER(X)       (X)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
-** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
-** a boolean expression that is usually true.  GCC is able to
-** use these hints to generate better code, sometimes.
-*/
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && 0
-# define likely(X)    __builtin_expect((X),1)
-# define unlikely(X)  __builtin_expect((X),0)
-#else
-# define likely(X)    !!(X)
-# define unlikely(X)  !!(X)
-#endif
-
-/************** Include sqlite3.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ***************/
-/************** Begin file sqlite3.h *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
-** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
-** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
-** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
-** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
-**
-** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
-** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
-** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
-** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
-** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
-**
-** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
-** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
-** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
-**
-** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
-** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
-** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
-** part of the build process.
-*/
-#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
-#define _SQLITE3_H_
-#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
-
-/*
-** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
-*/
-#if 0
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Add the ability to override 'extern'
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
-# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_API
-# define SQLITE_API
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
-** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
-** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
-** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
-** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
-**
-** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
-** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
-** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
-** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
-** noop macros.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
-#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
-
-/*
-** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
-# undef SQLITE_VERSION
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
-# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
-**
-** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
-** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
-** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
-** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
-** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
-** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
-** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
-** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
-** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
-** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
-** and Z will be reset to zero.
-**
-** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
-** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
-** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evalutes to
-** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
-** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
-** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
-** hash of the entire source tree.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
-** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
-** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
-*/
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.6.23.1"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3006023
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2010-03-26 22:28:06 b078b588d617e07886ad156e9f54ade6d823568e"
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
-**
-** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
-** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
-** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
-** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
-** the header, and thus insure that the application is
-** compiled with matching library and header files.
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
-** </pre></blockquote>)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
-** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
-** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
-** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
-** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
-** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
-** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
-** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char sqlite3_version[] = SQLITE_VERSION;
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1 
-** indicating whether the specified option was defined at 
-** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the 
-** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().  
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows interating
-** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
-** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
-** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_ 
-** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by 
-** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
-**
-** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
-** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifing the 
-** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
-**
-** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
-** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
-** SQLite was compiled mutexing code omitted due to the
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
-**
-** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
-** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0, 
-** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
-** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
-**
-** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
-** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
-** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
-** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
-**
-** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
-** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
-** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
-**
-** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
-** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
-** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
-** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
-** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
-** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
-** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
-** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
-** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
-** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
-**
-** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
-** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
-**
-** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
-** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
-** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
-** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
-** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
-** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
-** sqlite3 object.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
-**
-** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
-** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
-**
-** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
-** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
-** compatibility only.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
-** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
-** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values 
-** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
-  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
-#else
-  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
-#endif
-typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
-typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
-
-/*
-** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
-** substitute integer for floating-point.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-# define double sqlite3_int64
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_close() routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
-** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() return SQLITE_OK if the [sqlite3] object is
-** successfullly destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
-**
-** Applications must [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
-** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
-** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
-** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
-** outstanding [prepared statements] or [BLOB handles], then it returns
-** SQLITE_BUSY.
-**
-** ^If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
-** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
-**
-** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
-** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
-** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
-** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
-** ^Calling sqlite3_close() with a NULL pointer argument is a 
-** harmless no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
-
-/*
-** The type for a callback function.
-** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
-** compatibility and is not documented.
-*/
-typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
-**
-** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
-** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
-** without having to use a lot of C code. 
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
-** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
-** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
-** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
-** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
-** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
-** to sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
-** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
-** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
-** ignored.
-**
-** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
-** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
-** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
-** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
-** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
-** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
-** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
-** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
-** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
-** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
-** NULL before returning.
-**
-** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
-** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
-** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
-**
-** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
-** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
-** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
-** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
-** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
-** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
-** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
-** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
-** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
-**
-** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
-** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or 
-** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
-** is not changed.
-**
-** Restrictions:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
-**      is a valid and open [database connection].
-** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
-**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
-** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
-**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
-** </ul>
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
-  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
-  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
-  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
-  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
-  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
-** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
-** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
-**
-** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
-** here in order to indicates success or failure.
-**
-** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
-**
-** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes]
-*/
-#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
-/* beginning-of-error-codes */
-#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
-#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
-#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
-#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
-#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
-#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
-#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
-#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
-#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
-#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
-#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
-#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* NOT USED. Table or record not found */
-#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
-#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
-#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* NOT USED. Database lock protocol error */
-#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
-#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
-#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
-#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
-#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
-#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
-#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
-#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
-#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
-#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
-#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
-#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
-/* end-of-error-codes */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
-** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
-** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
-**
-** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
-** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
-** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
-** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
-** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
-** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
-** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
-** on a per database connection basis using the
-** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
-**
-** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
-** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
-** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
-** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
-**
-** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
-** be exactly zero.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
-#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED | (1<<8) )
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
-**
-** These bit values are intended for use in the
-** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
-** in the 4th parameter to the xOpen method of the
-** [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
-**
-** The xDeviceCapabilities method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
-** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
-** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
-** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
-** refers to.
-**
-** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
-** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
-** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
-** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
-** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
-** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
-** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
-** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
-** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
-** to xWrite().
-*/
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC          0x00000001
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512       0x00000002
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K        0x00000004
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K        0x00000008
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K        0x00000010
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K        0x00000020
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K       0x00000040
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K       0x00000080
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K       0x00000100
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND     0x00000200
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL      0x00000400
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
-**
-** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
-** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
-** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
-**
-** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
-** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
-** these integer values as the second argument.
-**
-** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
-** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
-** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
-** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
-** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
-** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
-*/
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
-**
-** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the 
-** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
-** implementations will
-** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
-** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
-** I/O operations on the open file.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
-struct sqlite3_file {
-  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
-**
-** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method populates an
-** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
-** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
-** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
-** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
-**
-** If the xOpen method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element 
-** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
-** may be invoked even if the xOpen reported that it failed.  The
-** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed xOpen
-** is for the xOpen to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element to NULL.
-**
-** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
-** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
-** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
-** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
-** and not its inode needs to be synced.
-**
-** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
-** </ul>
-** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
-** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
-** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
-** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
-** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
-**
-** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
-** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
-** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
-** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
-** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
-** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
-** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
-** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
-** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
-** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
-** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
-** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
-** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.
-**
-** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
-** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
-** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
-** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
-** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
-** underlying device:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
-** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
-** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
-** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
-** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
-** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
-** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
-** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
-** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
-** to xWrite().
-**
-** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
-** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
-** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
-** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
-** database corruption.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
-struct sqlite3_io_methods {
-  int iVersion;
-  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
-  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
-  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
-  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
-  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
-  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
-  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
-  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
-  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
-  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
-  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
-  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
-  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
-**
-** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
-** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
-** interface.
-**
-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
-** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
-** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
-** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
-** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
-** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
-** is defined.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE        1
-#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      2
-#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      3
-#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             4
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
-**
-** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
-** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
-** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
-** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
-**
-** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
-**
-** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
-** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
-** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".
-**
-** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
-** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
-** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
-** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
-** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
-** modified.
-**
-** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
-** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
-** a pathname in this VFS.
-**
-** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
-** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
-** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
-** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
-** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
-** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
-**
-** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
-** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
-** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
-** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
-** object once the object has been registered.
-**
-** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
-** be unique across all VFS modules.
-**
-** SQLite will guarantee that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
-** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
-** from xFullPathname().  SQLite further guarantees that
-** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
-** called. Because of the previous sentence,
-** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
-** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
-** If the zFilename parameter is xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
-** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  Whenever the 
-** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
-** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
-**
-** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
-** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
-** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. 
-** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
-** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
-**
-** SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
-** call, depending on the object being opened:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
-** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
-** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
-** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
-** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
-** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
-** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
-** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
-**
-** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
-** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
-** deleted when it is closed.  The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
-** will be set for TEMP  databases, journals and for subjournals.
-**
-** The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
-** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
-** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
-** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the 
-** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
-** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
-** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened 
-** for exclusive access.
-**
-** At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
-** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
-** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
-** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
-** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
-** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
-** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
-** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
-** or failure of the xOpen call.
-**
-** The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
-** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
-** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
-** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
-** directory.
-**
-** SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
-** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
-** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
-** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
-** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
-** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
-**
-** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), and xCurrentTime() interfaces
-** are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
-** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
-** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
-** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
-** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
-** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
-** least the number of microseconds given.  The xCurrentTime()
-** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time.
-**
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
-struct sqlite3_vfs {
-  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number */
-  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
-  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
-  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
-  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
-  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
-  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
-               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
-  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
-  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
-  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
-  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
-  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
-  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
-  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
-  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
-  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
-  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
-  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
-  /* New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
-  ** value will increment whenever this happens. */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
-**
-** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
-** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
-** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
-** simply checks whether the file exists.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
-** checks whether the file is both readable and writable.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
-** checks whether the file is readable.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
-** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
-** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
-** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
-** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
-** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
-**
-** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
-** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
-** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
-** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
-** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
-** are harmless no-ops.)^
-**
-** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
-** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
-** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
-** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
-**
-** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
-** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
-** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
-** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
-** sqlite3_shutdown().
-**
-** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
-** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
-** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
-** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
-** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
-** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
-** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
-** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
-** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
-** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
-** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
-** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
-** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
-** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
-** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
-** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
-** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
-** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
-** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
-**
-** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
-** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
-** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
-** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
-** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
-** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
-** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
-**
-** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
-** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
-** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
-** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
-** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
-** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
-** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
-** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
-** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
-** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
-** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
-** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
-** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
-** failure.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
-**
-** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
-** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
-** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
-** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
-** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
-**
-** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
-** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
-** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
-** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
-** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
-** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
-** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
-** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
-** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
-**
-** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option] that determines
-** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
-** vary depending on the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option]
-** in the first argument.
-**
-** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
-** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
-** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
-** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
-** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
-** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).  The
-** sqlite3_db_config() interface should only be used immediately after
-** the database connection is created using [sqlite3_open()],
-** [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()].  
-**
-** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
-** configuration verb - an integer code that indicates what
-** aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
-** The only choice for this value is [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE].
-** New verbs are likely to be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Additional arguments depend on the verb.
-**
-** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
-** the call is considered successful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
-** and low-level memory allocation routines.
-**
-** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
-** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
-** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].  
-** By creating an instance of this object
-** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
-** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
-** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
-** dynamic memory needs.
-**
-** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
-** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
-** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
-** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
-** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
-** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
-** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
-** conditions.
-**
-** The xMalloc and xFree methods must work like the
-** malloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
-** The xRealloc method must work like realloc() from the standard C library
-** with the exception that if the second argument to xRealloc is zero,
-** xRealloc must be a no-op - it must not perform any allocation or
-** deallocation.  ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
-** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
-** And so in cases where xRoundup always returns a positive number,
-** xRealloc can perform exactly as the standard library realloc() and
-** still be in compliance with this specification.
-**
-** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
-** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
-** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
-**
-** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
-** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
-** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
-** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
-** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
-** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0, 
-** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
-**
-** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
-** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
-** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
-** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
-** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
-** xInit and xShutdown.
-**
-** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
-** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
-** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
-** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
-** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
-** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
-** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
-** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
-** serialization.
-**
-** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
-** call to xShutdown().
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
-struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
-  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
-  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
-  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
-  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
-  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
-  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
-  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
-  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
-** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
-**
-** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
-** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
-** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
-** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
-** is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
-** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
-** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
-** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return 
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
-** configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
-** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
-** The application is responsible for serializing access to
-** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
-** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
-** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
-** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
-** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
-** all mutexes including the recursive
-** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
-** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
-** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
-** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
-** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
-** ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
-** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
-** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
-** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
-** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
-** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
-** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
-** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
-** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
-** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a 
-** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation 
-** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the 
-** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
-**   <ul>
-**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
-**   </ul>)^
-** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
-** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
-** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
-** </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
-** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
-** aligned memory buffer from which the scrach allocations will be
-** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
-** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
-** argument must be a multiple of 16. The sz parameter should be a few bytes
-** larger than the actual scratch space required due to internal overhead.
-** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
-** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will use no more than one scratch buffer per thread.  So
-** N should be set to the expected maximum number of threads.  ^SQLite will
-** never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6 times the database
-** page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional scratch memory beyond 
-** what is provided by this configuration option, then 
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
-** the database page cache with the default page cache implemenation.  
-** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
-** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE option.
-** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
-** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
-** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
-** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
-** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
-** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
-** to make sz a little too large.  The first
-** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
-** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
-** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
-** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
-** ^The implementation might use one or more of the N buffers to hold 
-** memory accounting information. The pointer in the first argument must
-** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
-** will be undefined.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
-** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
-** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
-** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
-** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
-** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
-** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
-** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
-** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
-** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
-** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
-** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
-** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
-** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
-** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
-** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
-** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
-** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
-** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
-** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
-** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
-** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
-** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
-** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
-** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
-** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
-** [database connection].  The first argument is the
-** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
-** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
-** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
-** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
-** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
-** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  This object specifies the interface
-** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
-** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  SQLite copies of the current
-** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
-/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */ 
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
-** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
-**
-** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
-** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
-** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
-** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
-** is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the 
-** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
-** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
-** pointer to an memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
-** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
-** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
-** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
-** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
-** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
-** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
-** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
-** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
-** rounded down to the next smaller
-** multiple of 8.  See also: [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]</dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE    1001  /* void* int int */
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
-** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
-** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
-**
-** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
-** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
-** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
-** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
-** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
-** is another alias for the rowid.
-**
-** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
-** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
-** in the first argument.  ^If no successful [INSERT]s
-** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
-**
-** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger, then the [rowid] of the inserted
-** row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger is running.
-** But once the trigger terminates, the value returned by this routine
-** reverts to the last value inserted before the trigger fired.)^
-**
-** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
-** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
-** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
-** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
-** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
-** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
-** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
-** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
-** the return value of this interface.)^
-**
-** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
-** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
-**
-** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
-** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
-** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
-** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
-** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
-** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
-** last insert [rowid].
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
-** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
-** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
-** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
-** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
-** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
-** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
-** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
-**
-** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
-** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
-**
-** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
-** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
-** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
-** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
-** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
-**
-** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
-** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger]. 
-** Most SQL statements are
-** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
-** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
-** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
-** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
-**
-** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
-** not create a new trigger context.
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
-** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
-** trigger context.
-**
-** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
-** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
-** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
-** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** statement within the body of the same trigger.
-** However, the number returned does not include changes
-** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
-** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
-** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
-** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
-** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
-** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
-** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
-** [foreign key actions]. However,
-** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
-** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
-** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
-** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes 
-** are counted.)^
-** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
-** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
-** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
-** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
-** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
-** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
-**
-** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
-** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
-** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
-** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
-** immediately.
-**
-** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
-** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
-** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
-** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
-**
-** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
-** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
-** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
-**
-** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
-** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
-** will be rolled back automatically.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
-** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the 
-** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
-** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
-** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
-** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
-** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
-** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
-**
-** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
-** is running then bad things will likely happen.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
-**
-** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
-** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
-** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
-** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
-** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
-** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
-** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
-** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
-** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
-** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
-** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
-**
-** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
-** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
-**
-** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
-** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
-**
-** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior 
-** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
-** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
-** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
-** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
-**
-** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
-** UTF-8 string.
-**
-** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
-** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
-**
-** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
-** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
-** or process has locked.
-**
-** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
-** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
-** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
-**
-** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
-** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
-** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
-** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
-** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
-** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
-** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
-** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
-**
-** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
-** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
-** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
-** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
-** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
-** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
-** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
-** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
-** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
-** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
-** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
-** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
-** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
-** the second process to proceed.
-**
-** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
-**
-** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
-** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
-** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
-** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
-** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
-** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
-** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
-** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
-** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
-** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
-** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
-** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
-** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
-** this is important.
-**
-** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
-** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
-** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
-** will also set or clear the busy handler.
-**
-** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
-** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
-** result in undefined behavior.
-** 
-** A busy handler must not close the database connection
-** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
-**
-** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
-** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
-** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
-** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
-** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
-** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
-**
-** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
-** turns off all busy handlers.
-**
-** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
-** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
-** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
-** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
-**
-** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
-** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
-** complete query results from one or more queries.
-**
-** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
-** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
-** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
-** and M be the number of columns.
-**
-** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
-** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
-** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
-** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
-** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
-** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
-**
-** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
-** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
-** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
-**
-** As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
-** is as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**        Name        | Age
-**        -----------------------
-**        Alice       | 43
-**        Bob         | 28
-**        Cindy       | 21
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
-** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
-** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
-**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
-**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
-**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
-**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
-**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
-**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
-**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
-** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
-** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
-** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
-**
-** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
-** it should pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
-** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
-** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
-** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
-** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
-** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
-** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
-** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
-** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()].)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
-  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
-  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
-  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
-  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
-  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
-);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
-**
-** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
-** from the standard C library.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
-** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
-** The strings returned by these two routines should be
-** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
-** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
-** memory to hold the resulting string.
-**
-** ^(In sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
-** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
-** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
-** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
-** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
-** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
-** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
-** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
-** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
-** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
-** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
-** now without breaking compatibility.
-**
-** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
-** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
-** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
-** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
-** written will be n-1 characters.
-**
-** These routines all implement some additional formatting
-** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
-** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
-** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
-**
-** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a null-terminated
-** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
-** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
-** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
-** the string.
-**
-** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
-**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
-**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
-** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
-** would have looked like this:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
-** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
-**
-** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
-** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
-** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
-** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
-**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
-**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
-** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
-** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
-** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
-**
-** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
-** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
-** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
-** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
-** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
-** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
-** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
-** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
-** a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
-** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
-** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
-** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
-** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
-** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
-** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
-** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
-** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
-** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
-** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
-** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
-** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
-** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
-** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
-** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
-** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
-** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
-** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
-** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
-** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
-** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
-** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
-** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
-** is not freed.
-**
-** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
-** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary.
-**
-** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
-** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
-** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
-** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
-**
-** The Windows OS interface layer calls
-** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
-** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
-** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
-** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
-** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
-** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
-**
-** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
-** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
-** not yet been released.
-**
-** The application must not read or write any part of
-** a block of memory after it has been released using
-** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
-**
-** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
-** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
-** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
-** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
-** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
-** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
-** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
-** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
-** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
-** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
-**
-** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
-** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
-** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
-** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
-** prior to the reset.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
-**
-** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
-** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
-** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
-** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
-** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
-**
-** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
-**
-** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
-** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
-** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
-** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
-** method.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
-**
-** ^This routine registers a authorizer callback with a particular
-** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
-** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
-** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
-** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
-** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
-** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
-** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
-** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
-** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
-** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
-** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
-** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
-** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
-** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
-**
-** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
-** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
-** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
-** access is denied. 
-**
-** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
-** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
-** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
-** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
-** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
-** details about the action to be authorized.
-**
-** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
-** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
-** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
-** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
-** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
-** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
-** columns of a table.
-** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
-** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
-** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
-**
-** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
-** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
-** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
-** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
-** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
-** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
-** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
-** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
-** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
-** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
-**
-** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
-** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
-** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
-** in addition to using an authorizer.
-**
-** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
-** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
-** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
-** The authorizer is disabled by default.
-**
-** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
-** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a 
-** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
-** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
-**
-** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
-** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
-** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
-** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
-** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
-  sqlite3*,
-  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
-  void *pUserData
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
-**
-** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
-** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
-** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
-** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
-** information.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
-#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
-**
-** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
-** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
-** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
-** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
-** the authorizer callback may be passed.
-**
-** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
-** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
-** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
-** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
-** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
-** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
-** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
-** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
-** top-level SQL code.
-*/
-/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
-#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
-#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
-#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
-#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
-#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
-#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
-** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
-**
-** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
-** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
-** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
-** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
-** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
-** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
-** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
-**
-** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
-** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
-** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
-** of how long that statement took to run.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
-   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
-**
-** ^This routine configures a callback function - the
-** progress callback - that is invoked periodically during long
-** running calls to [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and
-** [sqlite3_get_table()].  An example use for this
-** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
-**
-** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
-** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
-** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
-**
-** The progress handler must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
-**
-** ^These routines open an SQLite database file whose name is given by the
-** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
-** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
-** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
-** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
-** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
-** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
-** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
-** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
-** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
-**
-** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
-** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
-** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
-**
-** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
-** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
-** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
-**
-** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
-** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
-** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
-** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
-** the following three values, optionally combined with the 
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
-** and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flags:)^
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
-** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
-** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
-** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is creates it if
-** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-**
-** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
-** combinations shown above or one of the combinations shown above combined
-** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX],
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flags,
-** then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
-** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
-** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
-** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
-** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
-** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
-** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
-** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
-** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
-**
-** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
-** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
-** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
-** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
-** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
-** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
-** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
-**
-** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
-** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
-** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
-**
-** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
-** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
-** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
-** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
-**
-** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
-** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
-** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
-** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
-** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
-  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
-  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
-  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-  int flags,              /* Flags */
-  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
-** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
-** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
-** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
-** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
-** interface is the same except that it always returns the 
-** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
-** disabled.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
-** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
-** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
-** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
-** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
-** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
-**
-** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
-** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
-** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
-** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
-** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
-** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
-** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
-** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
-** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
-**
-** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
-** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
-** error code and message may or may not be set.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
-** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
-**
-** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
-** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
-** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
-**
-** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
-**
-** <ol>
-** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
-**      function.
-** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
-**      interfaces.
-** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
-** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
-**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
-** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
-** </ol>
-**
-** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
-** information.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
-**
-** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
-** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
-** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
-** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
-** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
-** new limit for that construct.  The function returns the old limit.)^
-**
-** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
-** ^(For the limit category of SQLITE_LIMIT_XYZ there is a 
-** [limits | hard upper bound]
-** set by a compile-time C preprocessor macro named 
-** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_XYZ].
-** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
-** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
-** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
-**
-** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
-** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
-** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
-** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
-** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
-** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
-** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
-** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
-** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
-** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
-** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
-** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
-**
-** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
-** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
-**
-** These constants define various performance limits
-** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
-** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
-** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row.<dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
-** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
-** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
-** used to implement an SQL statement.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
-** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of variables in an SQL statement that can
-** be bound.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
-** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
-**
-** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
-** program using one of these routines.
-**
-** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
-** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
-** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
-**
-** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
-** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
-** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
-** use UTF-16.
-**
-** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
-** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
-** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
-** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
-** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
-** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
-** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
-** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
-** the nul-terminator bytes.
-**
-** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
-** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
-** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
-** what remains uncompiled.
-**
-** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
-** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
-** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
-** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
-** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
-** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
-** ppStmt may not be NULL.
-**
-** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
-** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
-**
-** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
-** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
-** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
-** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
-** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
-** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
-** behave differently in three ways:
-**
-** <ol>
-** <li>
-** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
-** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
-** statement and try to run it again.  ^If the schema has changed in
-** a way that makes the statement no longer valid, [sqlite3_step()] will still
-** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  But unlike the legacy behavior, [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is
-** now a fatal error.  Calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
-** error go away.  Note: use [sqlite3_errmsg()] to find the text
-** of the parsing error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return.
-** </li>
-**
-** <li>
-** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
-** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
-** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
-** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
-** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
-** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
-** </li>
-**
-** <li>
-** ^If the value of a [parameter | host parameter] in the WHERE clause might
-** change the query plan for a statement, then the statement may be
-** automatically recompiled (as if there had been a schema change) on the first 
-** [sqlite3_step()] call following any change to the 
-** [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of the [parameter]. 
-** </li>
-** </ol>
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
-**
-** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
-** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
-** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
-** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
-**
-** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
-** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
-** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
-** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
-**
-** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
-** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
-** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
-** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
-** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
-**
-** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
-** a mutex is held.  A internal mutex is held for a protected
-** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
-** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
-** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
-** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes 
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
-** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
-** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
-** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
-** still make the distinction between between protected and unprotected
-** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
-** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
-** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
-** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
-** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
-** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
-** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
-** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
-*/
-typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
-**
-** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
-** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
-** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
-** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
-** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
-** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
-** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
-** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
-** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
-** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
-**
-** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
-** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
-** templates:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  ?
-** <li>  ?NNN
-** <li>  :VVV
-** <li>  @VVV
-** <li>  $VVV
-** </ul>
-**
-** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
-** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifer.)^  ^The values of these
-** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
-** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
-**
-** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
-** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
-**
-** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
-** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
-** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
-** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
-** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
-** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
-** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
-** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
-**
-** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
-**
-** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
-** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
-** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
-** ^If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
-** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
-**
-** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
-** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
-** string after SQLite has finished with it. ^If the fifth argument is
-** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
-** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
-** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
-** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
-** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
-** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
-** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
-** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
-** content is later written using
-** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
-** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
-**
-** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
-** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
-** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
-** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
-** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
-** result is undefined and probably harmful.
-**
-** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
-** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
-** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
-** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
-** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
-**
-** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
-** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
-** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
-** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
-** to the parameters at a later time.
-**
-** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
-** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
-** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
-** there may be gaps in the list.)^
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
-** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
-** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
-** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
-** respectively.
-** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
-** is included as part of the name.)^
-** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
-** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
-**
-** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
-**
-** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
-** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
-** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
-** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
-** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
-**
-** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
-** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
-** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
-** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
-** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
-** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
-**
-** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
-** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
-** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
-**
-** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
-** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
-** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
-**
-** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
-** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
-** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
-** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
-** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
-** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
-** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
-**
-** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
-** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the next call to
-** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
-**
-** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
-** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
-** NULL pointer is returned.
-**
-** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
-** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
-** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
-** one release of SQLite to the next.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
-**
-** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
-** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
-** [SELECT] statement.
-** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
-** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
-** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
-** the origin_ routines return the column name.
-** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
-** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
-** again in a different encoding.
-**
-** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
-** database, table, and column.
-**
-** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
-** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
-** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
-** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
-**
-** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
-** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
-** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
-** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
-** or column that query result column was extracted from.
-**
-** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
-** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
-**
-** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
-**
-** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
-** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
-** undefined.
-**
-** If two or more threads call one or more
-** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
-** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
-** at the same time then the results are undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
-**
-** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
-** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
-** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
-** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
-** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
-** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
-** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
-**
-** ^(For example, given the database schema:
-**
-** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
-**
-** and the following statement to be compiled:
-**
-** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
-**
-** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
-** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
-**
-** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
-** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
-** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
-** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
-** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
-** used to hold those values.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
-**
-** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
-** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
-** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
-**
-** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
-** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
-** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
-** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
-** interface will continue to be supported.
-**
-** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
-** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
-** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
-** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
-** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
-** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
-** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within a
-** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
-** continuing.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
-** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
-** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
-** machine back to its initial state.
-**
-** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
-** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
-** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
-** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
-** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
-** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
-** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
-** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
-** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
-** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
-** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
-**
-** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
-** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
-** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
-** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
-** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
-** more threads at the same moment in time.
-**
-** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
-** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
-** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
-** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
-** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
-** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
-** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
-** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
-** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
-** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
-** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) the number of columns in the
-** of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
-** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
-**
-** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> 64-bit signed integer
-** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
-** <li> string
-** <li> BLOB
-** <li> NULL
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** These constants are codes for each of those types.
-**
-** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
-** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
-** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
-** SQLITE_TEXT.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
-#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
-#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
-#define SQLITE_NULL     5
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
-# undef SQLITE_TEXT
-#else
-# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
-#endif
-#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
-** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
-**
-** These routines form the "result set" interface.
-**
-** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
-** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
-** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
-** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
-** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
-** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
-** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
-** [sqlite3_column_count()].
-**
-** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
-** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
-** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
-** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
-** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
-** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
-** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
-** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
-** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
-** are pending, then the results are undefined.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
-** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
-** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
-** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
-** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
-** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
-** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
-** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
-** following a type conversion.
-**
-** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
-** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
-** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
-** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
-** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
-** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
-** the number of bytes in that string.
-** ^The value returned does not include the zero terminator at the end
-** of the string.  ^For clarity: the value returned is the number of
-** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
-**
-** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
-** even empty strings, are always zero terminated.  ^The return
-** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is an arbitrary
-** pointer, possibly even a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_column_bytes16() routine is similar to sqlite3_column_bytes()
-** but leaves the result in UTF-16 in native byte order instead of UTF-8.
-** ^The zero terminator is not included in this count.
-**
-** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
-** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
-** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
-** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
-** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
-** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
-** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
-** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
-** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
-** that are applied:
-**
-** <blockquote>
-** <table border="1">
-** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
-**
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
-** </table>
-** </blockquote>)^
-**
-** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
-** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
-** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
-** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
-** C programmers.
-**
-** ^Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
-** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
-** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
-** ^(Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
-** in the following cases:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
-**      need to be added to the string.</li>
-** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
-**      to UTF-16.</li>
-** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
-**      to UTF-8.</li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
-** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
-** that the prior pointer points to will have been modified.  Other kinds
-** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
-** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
-**
-** ^(The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
-** in one of the following ways:
-**
-** <ul>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
-** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
-** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
-** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
-** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
-** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
-** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
-**
-** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
-** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
-** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
-** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
-** [sqlite3_free()].
-**
-** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
-** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
-** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
-** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
-** ^If the statement was executed successfully or not executed at all, then
-** SQLITE_OK is returned. ^If execution of the statement failed then an
-** [error code] or [extended error code] is returned.
-**
-** ^This routine can be called at any point during the execution of the
-** [prepared statement].  ^If the virtual machine has not
-** completed execution when this routine is called, that is like
-** encountering an error or an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt].
-** ^Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions canceled,
-** depending on the circumstances, and the
-** [error code] returned will be [SQLITE_ABORT].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
-**
-** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
-** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
-** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
-** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
-** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
-** back to the beginning of its program.
-**
-** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
-** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
-** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
-** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
-**
-** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
-** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
-** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
-** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
-** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
-**
-** ^These two functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
-** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
-** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only difference between the
-** two is that the second parameter, the name of the (scalar) function or
-** aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16
-** for sqlite3_create_function16().
-**
-** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
-** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
-** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
-** to each database connection separately.
-**
-** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
-** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of
-** the zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
-** characters.  ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
-** will result in [SQLITE_ERROR] being returned.
-**
-** ^The third parameter (nArg)
-** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
-** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
-** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
-** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
-** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
-** undefined.
-**
-** The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
-** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
-** its parameters.  Any SQL function implementation should be able to work
-** work with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
-** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
-** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
-** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
-** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
-** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
-** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
-** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
-**
-** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
-** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
-**
-** The seventh, eighth and ninth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
-** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
-** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
-** callback only; NULL pointers should be passed as the xStep and xFinal
-** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
-** and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
-** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function callbacks.
-**
-** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
-** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
-** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
-** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
-** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
-** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
-** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
-** matches the database encoding is a better
-** match than a function where the encoding is different.  
-** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
-** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
-** between UTF8 and UTF16.
-**
-** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
-** ^The first application-defined function with a given name overrides all
-** built-in functions in the same [database connection] with the same name.
-** ^Subsequent application-defined functions of the same name only override 
-** prior application-defined functions that are an exact match for the
-** number of parameters and preferred encoding.
-**
-** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
-** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
-** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
-** statement in which the function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const char *zFunctionName,
-  int nArg,
-  int eTextRep,
-  void *pApp,
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const void *zFunctionName,
-  int nArg,
-  int eTextRep,
-  void *pApp,
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
-**
-** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
-** text encodings supported by SQLite.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
-#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
-#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
-#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
-#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
-#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
-** DEPRECATED
-**
-** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
-** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue 
-** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
-** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
-** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
-**
-** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
-** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
-** the function or aggregate.
-**
-** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
-** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
-** The 4th parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
-** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
-** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
-** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
-**
-** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
-** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
-** object results in undefined behavior.
-**
-** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
-** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
-** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
-** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
-** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
-** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
-** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
-** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
-** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
-** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
-** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
-** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
-**
-** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
-** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
-** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
-** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
-** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
-**
-** These routines must be called from the same thread as
-** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
-**
-** Implementions of aggregate SQL functions use this
-** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
-**
-** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called 
-** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
-** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
-** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
-** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
-** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
-** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
-** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
-** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
-** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
-** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
-** first time from within xFinal().)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
-** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
-**
-** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
-** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
-** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
-** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
-** allocation.)^
-**
-** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by 
-** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
-**
-** The first parameter must be a copy of the
-** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
-** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
-** function.
-**
-** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
-** the aggregate SQL function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
-** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
-** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
-** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
-** registered the application defined function.
-**
-** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
-** the application-defined function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
-** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
-** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
-** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
-** registered the application defined function.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
-**
-** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
-** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
-** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
-** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
-** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
-** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
-** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
-** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
-** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
-** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
-** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
-** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
-** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
-** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
-** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
-** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
-** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
-** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
-** not been destroyed.
-** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
-** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
-** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
-** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
-**
-** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
-** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
-** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
-**
-** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
-** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
-** values and [parameters].)^
-**
-** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
-** the SQL function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
-**
-** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
-** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
-** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
-** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
-** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
-** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
-** the content before returning.
-**
-** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
-** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
-*/
-typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
-#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
-#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
-**
-** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
-** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
-** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** for additional information.
-**
-** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
-** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
-** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
-** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
-** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
-** third parameter.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
-** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
-** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
-** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
-** by its 2nd argument.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
-** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
-** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
-** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
-** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
-** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
-** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
-** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
-** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
-** message all text up through the first zero character.
-** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
-** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
-** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
-** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
-** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
-** modify the text after they return without harm.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
-** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
-** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
-** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
-** indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
-** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
-** value given in the 2nd argument.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
-** value given in the 2nd argument.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
-** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
-** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
-** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
-** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
-** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
-** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
-** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
-** through the first zero character.
-** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
-** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
-** function result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
-** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
-** finished using that result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
-** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
-** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
-** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
-** when it has finished using that result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
-** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
-** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
-** the application-defined function to be a copy the
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
-** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
-** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
-** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
-** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
-** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
-**
-** If these routines are called from within the different thread
-** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
-** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
-**
-** These functions are used to add new collation sequences to the
-** [database connection] specified as the first argument.
-**
-** ^The name of the new collation sequence is specified as a UTF-8 string
-** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
-** and a UTF-16 string for sqlite3_create_collation16(). ^In all cases
-** the name is passed as the second function argument.
-**
-** ^The third argument may be one of the constants [SQLITE_UTF8],
-** [SQLITE_UTF16LE], or [SQLITE_UTF16BE], indicating that the user-supplied
-** routine expects to be passed pointers to strings encoded using UTF-8,
-** UTF-16 little-endian, or UTF-16 big-endian, respectively. ^The
-** third argument might also be [SQLITE_UTF16] to indicate that the routine
-** expects pointers to be UTF-16 strings in the native byte order, or the
-** argument can be [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] if the
-** the routine expects pointers to 16-bit word aligned strings
-** of UTF-16 in the native byte order.
-**
-** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
-** argument.  ^If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
-** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore).
-** ^Each time the application supplied function is invoked, it is passed
-** as its first parameter a copy of the void* passed as the fourth argument
-** to sqlite3_create_collation() or sqlite3_create_collation16().
-**
-** ^The remaining arguments to the application-supplied routine are two strings,
-** each represented by a (length, data) pair and encoded in the encoding
-** that was passed as the third argument when the collation sequence was
-** registered.  The application defined collation routine should
-** return negative, zero or positive if the first string is less than,
-** equal to, or greater than the second string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
-** except that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
-** the collation.  ^The destructor is called when the collation is
-** destroyed and is passed a copy of the fourth parameter void* pointer
-** of the sqlite3_create_collation_v2().
-** ^Collations are destroyed when they are overridden by later calls to the
-** collation creation functions or when the [database connection] is closed
-** using [sqlite3_close()].
-**
-** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
-  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const void *zName,
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
-**
-** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
-** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
-** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
-** sequence is required.
-**
-** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
-** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
-** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
-** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
-** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
-**
-** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
-** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
-** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
-** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
-** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
-** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
-** required collation sequence.)^
-**
-** The callback function should register the desired collation using
-** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
-** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void*, 
-  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void*,
-  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
-);
-
-#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-/*
-** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
-** called right after sqlite3_open().
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
-** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
-** database is decrypted.
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless 
-** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
-);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
-/*
-** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless 
-** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
-);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
-** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
-**
-** ^If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
-** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
-** the nearest second. ^The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
-** requested from the operating system is returned.
-**
-** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
-** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
-**
-** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
-** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
-** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
-** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
-** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
-** temporary file directory.
-**
-** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
-** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
-** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
-** thread.
-** It is intended that this variable be set once
-** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
-** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
-** thereafter.
-**
-** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
-** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
-** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
-** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
-** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
-** using [sqlite3_free].
-** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
-** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
-** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
-*/
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
-** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
-** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
-** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
-** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
-** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
-**
-** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
-** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
-** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
-** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
-** an error is to use this function.
-**
-** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
-** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
-** is undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
-** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
-** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
-** that was the first argument
-** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
-** create the statement in the first place.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
-**
-** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
-** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
-** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
-** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
-** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
-**
-** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
-** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
-** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
-** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
-** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
-** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
-** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
-** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
-** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
-** the first call for each function on D.
-**
-** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
-** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
-** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
-** or rollback hook in the first place.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
-**
-** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
-** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
-** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
-** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
-** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
-**
-** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
-** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
-** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
-** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
-** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
-** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
-** rolled back because a commit callback returned non-zero.
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
-** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
-** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-**
-** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
-** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
-** to sqlite3_update_hook().
-** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
-** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
-** to be invoked.
-** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
-** database and table name containing the affected row.
-** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
-** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
-**
-** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
-** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
-**
-** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
-** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
-** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
-** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
-** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
-** release of SQLite.
-**
-** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
-** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
-** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
-** returns the P argument from the previous call
-** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
-** the first call on D.
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
-** interfaces.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
-  void*
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
-** KEYWORDS: {shared cache}
-**
-** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
-** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
-** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
-** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
-**
-** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
-** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
-** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
-**
-** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
-** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
-** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
-** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
-**
-** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
-** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
-**
-** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
-** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
-** cache setting should set it explicitly.
-**
-** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
-** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
-** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
-** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
-** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
-** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() interface places a "soft" limit
-** on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
-** ^If an internal allocation is requested that would exceed the
-** soft heap limit, [sqlite3_release_memory()] is invoked one or
-** more times to free up some space before the allocation is performed.
-**
-** ^The limit is called "soft" because if [sqlite3_release_memory()]
-** cannot free sufficient memory to prevent the limit from being exceeded,
-** the memory is allocated anyway and the current operation proceeds.
-**
-** ^A negative or zero value for N means that there is no soft heap limit and
-** [sqlite3_release_memory()] will only be called when memory is exhausted.
-** ^The default value for the soft heap limit is zero.
-**
-** ^(SQLite makes a best effort to honor the soft heap limit.
-** But if the soft heap limit cannot be honored, execution will
-** continue without error or notification.)^  This is why the limit is
-** called a "soft" limit.  It is advisory only.
-**
-** Prior to SQLite version 3.5.0, this routine only constrained the memory
-** allocated by a single thread - the same thread in which this routine
-** runs.  Beginning with SQLite version 3.5.0, the soft heap limit is
-** applied to all threads. The value specified for the soft heap limit
-** is an upper bound on the total memory allocation for all threads. In
-** version 3.5.0 there is no mechanism for limiting the heap usage for
-** individual threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
-**
-** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
-** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
-** passed as the first function argument.
-**
-** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
-** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
-** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
-** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
-** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
-** resolve unqualified table references.
-**
-** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
-** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
-** may be NULL.
-**
-** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
-** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
-** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
-**
-** ^(<blockquote>
-** <table border="1">
-** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
-**
-** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
-** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
-** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
-** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
-** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
-** </table>
-** </blockquote>)^
-**
-** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
-** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
-** call to any SQLite API function.
-**
-** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
-**
-** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
-** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
-** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
-** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
-** parameters are set as follows:
-**
-** <pre>
-**     data type: "INTEGER"
-**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
-**     not null: 0
-**     primary key: 1
-**     auto increment: 0
-** </pre>)^
-**
-** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
-** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
-** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
-** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
-**
-** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
-  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
-  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
-  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
-  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
-  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
-  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
-  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
-  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
-  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
-**
-** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
-** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
-**
-** ^The entry point is zProc.
-** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
-** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
-** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
-** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
-** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
-** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
-** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
-** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
-** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
-**
-** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
-** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
-** otherwise an error will be returned.
-**
-** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
-  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
-  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
-  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
-**
-** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
-** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
-** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
-** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
-**
-** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
-** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
-** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
-** it back off again.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load An Extensions
-**
-** ^This API can be invoked at program startup in order to register
-** one or more statically linked extensions that will be available
-** to all new [database connections].
-**
-** ^(This routine stores a pointer to the extension entry point
-** in an array that is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  That memory
-** is deallocated by [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].)^
-**
-** ^This function registers an extension entry point that is
-** automatically invoked whenever a new [database connection]
-** is opened using [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
-** or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
-** ^Duplicate extensions are detected so calling this routine
-** multiple times with the same extension is harmless.
-** ^Automatic extensions apply across all threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
-**
-** ^(This function disables all previously registered automatic
-** extensions. It undoes the effect of all prior
-** [sqlite3_auto_extension()] calls.)^
-**
-** ^This function disables automatic extensions in all threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
-
-/*
-****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
-**
-** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
-** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
-** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
-**
-** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
-** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Structures used by the virtual table interface
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
-typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
-typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
-typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** This structure, sometimes called a a "virtual table module", 
-** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].  
-** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
-**
-** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
-** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
-** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
-** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
-** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
-** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
-** any database connection.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_module {
-  int iVersion;
-  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
-               int argc, const char *const*argv,
-               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
-  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
-               int argc, const char *const*argv,
-               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
-  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
-  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
-  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
-                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
-  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
-  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
-  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
-  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
-                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-                       void **ppArg);
-  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used to
-** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
-** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
-** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
-** results into the **Outputs** fields.
-**
-** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
-**
-** <pre>column OP expr</pre>
-**
-** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
-** stored in aConstraint[].op.)^  ^(The index of the column is stored in
-** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
-** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
-** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
-**
-** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
-** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
-** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
-** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
-** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
-**
-** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
-** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
-**
-** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
-** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
-** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
-** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
-** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
-** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
-**
-** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
-** [xFilter] method.
-** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
-** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
-**
-** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
-** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
-** sorting step is required.
-**
-** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
-** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
-** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
-** cost of approximately log(N).
-*/
-struct sqlite3_index_info {
-  /* Inputs */
-  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
-     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
-     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
-     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
-     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
-  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
-  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
-  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
-     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
-     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
-  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  /* Outputs */
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
-    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
-    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
-  } *aConstraintUsage;
-  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
-  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
-  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
-  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
-  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
-};
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
-** ^Module names must be registered before
-** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
-** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
-**
-** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
-** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the 
-** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
-** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
-** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
-** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
-** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
-** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
-** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
-** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The sqlite3_create_module()
-** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
-** destructor.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_create_module(
-  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
-  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
-  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
-  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
-);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
-  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
-  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
-  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
-  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
-** of this object to describe a particular instance
-** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
-** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
-** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
-** common to all module implementations.
-**
-** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
-** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
-** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
-** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
-** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
-** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_vtab {
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
-  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
-  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
-  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
-** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
-** [virtual table] and are used
-** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
-** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
-** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
-** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
-** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
-** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
-**
-** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
-** are common to all implementations.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
-  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
-** [virtual table module] call this interface
-** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
-** the virtual tables they implement.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
-** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].  
-** But global versions of those functions
-** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
-**
-** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
-** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
-** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
-** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
-** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
-** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
-** by a [virtual table].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
-
-/*
-** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
-** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
-** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
-** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
-**
-** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
-** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
-**
-****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
-*/
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
-** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
-**
-** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
-** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
-** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
-** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
-** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
-** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
-** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
-**
-** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
-** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
-** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
-**
-** <pre>
-**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
-** </pre>)^
-**
-** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
-** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
-** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary 
-** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is 
-** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
-**
-** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
-** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
-** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
-** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
-** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
-**
-** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
-** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
-** to be a null pointer.)^
-** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
-** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
-** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
-** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
-** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
-**
-** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
-** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
-** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
-** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
-** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
-** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
-** a expired BLOB handle fail with an return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
-** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
-** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
-** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
-**
-** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
-** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
-** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
-** blob.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
-** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
-** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
-** this interface.
-**
-** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
-** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
-  sqlite3*,
-  const char *zDb,
-  const char *zTable,
-  const char *zColumn,
-  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
-  int flags,
-  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
-**
-** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
-**
-** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
-** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
-** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
-** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
-** until the close operation if they will fit.
-**
-** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
-** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
-** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
-** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
-**
-** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
-** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
-**
-** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
-** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
-**
-** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the 
-** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
-** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
-** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
-**
-** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
-** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
-** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
-**
-** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
-** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
-** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
-** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
-**
-** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
-** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
-**
-** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
-** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
-**
-** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
-** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
-** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
-**
-** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
-** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
-** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
-**
-** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
-** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
-** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
-** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
-** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
-** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
-**
-** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
-** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
-** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
-** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
-** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
-** or by other independent statements.
-**
-** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
-** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
-**
-** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
-** that SQLite uses to interact
-** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
-** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
-** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
-** The following interfaces are provided.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
-** ^Names are case sensitive.
-** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
-** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
-** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
-**
-** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
-** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
-** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
-** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
-** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
-** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
-** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
-** then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
-** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
-** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
-**
-** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
-** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
-** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
-** permitted to use any of these routines.
-**
-** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
-** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
-** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
-** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
-** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
-** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
-** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
-**
-** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
-** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
-** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
-** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
-** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
-** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
-** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
-** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
-** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
-** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
-** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
-** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
-** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
-** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
-** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
-** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
-** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
-** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
-**
-** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
-** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
-** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
-** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
-** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
-** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
-** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
-**
-** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
-** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
-** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
-** the same type number.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
-** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
-** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
-** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
-** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
-** a static mutex.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
-** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
-** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
-** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
-** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
-** In such cases the,
-** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
-** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
-** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
-** SQLite will never exhibit
-** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
-**
-** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
-** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
-** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
-** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
-** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
-** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
-** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
-** never do either.)^
-**
-** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
-** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
-** behave as no-ops.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
-** used to allocate and use mutexes.
-**
-** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
-** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
-** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
-** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
-** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
-** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
-** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
-** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
-** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
-**
-** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
-** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
-** ^The xMutexInit routine is calle by SQLite exactly once for each
-** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
-**
-** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
-** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
-** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
-** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
-** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
-** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
-**
-** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
-** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
-** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
-**
-** <ul>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
-** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
-** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
-** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
-** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
-** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
-** it is passed a NULL pointer).
-**
-** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
-** invoke xMutexInit() mutiple times within the same process and without
-** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
-** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
-**
-** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
-** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
-** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
-** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
-**
-** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
-** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
-** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
-** prior to returning.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
-struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
-  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
-  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
-  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
-  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
-**
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
-** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
-** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
-** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
-** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
-** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
-** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
-** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
-**
-** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
-** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
-**
-** ^The implementation is not required to provided versions of these
-** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
-** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
-** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
-**
-** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
-** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
-** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But the
-** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
-** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
-** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
-** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
-** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
-*/
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
-**
-** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
-** which is one of these integer constants.
-**
-** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
-** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
-** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* lru page list */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
-**
-** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that 
-** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
-** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
-** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
-** routine returns a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
-** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
-** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
-** name of the database "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
-** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
-** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
-** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
-** main database file.
-** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
-** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
-** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
-** method becomes the return value of this routine.
-**
-** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
-** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
-** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
-** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
-** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
-** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
-** xFileControl method.
-**
-** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
-** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
-** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
-** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
-**
-** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
-** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
-** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
-**
-** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
-** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
-** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
-** operate consistently from one release to the next.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
-**
-** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
-** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
-**
-** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
-** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
-** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
-** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    16
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
-** about the preformance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
-** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
-** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
-** are of the form [SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
-** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
-** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
-** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
-** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
-** value.  For those parameters
-** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
-** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
-** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
-** non-zero [error code] on failure.
-**
-** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
-** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
-** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
-** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
-** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
-** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
-** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
-** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
-** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
-** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
-** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
-** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
-** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
-** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
-** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
-** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using 
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
-** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
-** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
-** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
-** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
-** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
-** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
-** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
-** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
-** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
-** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
-** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
-** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
-** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
-** slots were available.
-** </dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
-** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-**
-** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information 
-** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
-** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
-** is the parameter to interrogate.  ^Currently, the only allowed value
-** for the second parameter is [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED].
-** Additional options will likely appear in future releases of SQLite.
-**
-** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
-** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
-** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
-** reset back down to the current value.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
-** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
-**
-** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
-** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
-** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
-** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
-** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
-** checked out.</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED     0
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
-** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counters] that measure the number
-** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
-** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
-** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
-** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
-** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
-** an index.  
-**
-** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
-** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
-** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
-** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counter]
-** to be interrogated.)^
-** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
-** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
-** interface call returns.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
-** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
-** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
-** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
-** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
-** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through 
-** careful use of indices.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
-** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
-** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
-** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
-** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
-** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
-** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
-** to the object.
-**
-** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods] for additional information.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
-** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE], ...) interface can
-** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an 
-** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure.)^ The majority of the 
-** heap memory used by SQLite is used by the page cache to cache data read 
-** from, or ready to be written to, the database file. By implementing a 
-** custom page cache using this API, an application can control more 
-** precisely the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which 
-** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to 
-** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for 
-** how long.
-**
-** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure are copied to an
-** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
-** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
-** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
-**
-** ^The xInit() method is called once for each call to [sqlite3_initialize()]
-** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
-** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods.pArg value.)^
-** ^The xInit() method can set up up global structures and/or any mutexes
-** required by the custom page cache implementation. 
-**
-** ^The xShutdown() method is called from within [sqlite3_shutdown()], 
-** if the application invokes this API. It can be used to clean up 
-** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
-**
-** ^SQLite holds a [SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE] mutex when it invokes
-** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
-** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
-** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
-** in multithreaded applications.
-**
-** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
-** call to xShutdown().
-**
-** ^The xCreate() method is used to construct a new cache instance.  SQLite
-** will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
-** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
-** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
-** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will not be a power of two.  ^szPage
-** will the page size of the database file that is to be cached plus an
-** increment (here called "R") of about 100 or 200.  ^SQLite will use the
-** extra R bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
-** database page on disk.  The value of R depends
-** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
-** ^R is constant for a particular build of SQLite.  ^The second argument to
-** xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being created will
-** be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
-** false if it is used for an in-memory database. ^The cache implementation
-** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
-** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
-** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
-** ^In other words, a cache created with bPurgeable set to false will
-** never contain any unpinned pages.
-**
-** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
-** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
-** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
-** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  ^As with the bPurgeable
-** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
-** value; it is advisory only.
-**
-** ^The xPagecount() method should return the number of pages currently
-** stored in the cache.
-** 
-** ^The xFetch() method is used to fetch a page and return a pointer to it. 
-** ^A 'page', in this context, is a buffer of szPage bytes aligned at an
-** 8-byte boundary. ^The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The
-** mimimum key value is 1. After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page 
-** is considered to be "pinned".
-**
-** ^If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
-** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
-** intact.  ^(If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
-** behavior of the cache implementation is determined by the value of the
-** createFlag parameter passed to xFetch, according to the following table:
-**
-** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
-** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
-** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
-** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
-**                 Otherwise return NULL.
-** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
-**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
-** </table>)^
-**
-** SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  If
-** a call to xFetch() with createFlag==1 returns NULL, then SQLite will
-** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
-** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache. After
-** attempting to unpin pages, the xFetch() method will be invoked again with
-** a createFlag of 2.
-**
-** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
-** as its second argument. ^(If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
-** then the page should be evicted from the cache. In this case SQLite 
-** assumes that the next time the page is retrieved from the cache using
-** the xFetch() method, it will be zeroed.)^ ^If the discard parameter is
-** zero, then the page is considered to be unpinned. ^The cache implementation
-** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
-**
-** ^(The cache is not required to perform any reference counting. A single 
-** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls 
-** to xFetch().)^
-**
-** ^The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
-** page passed as the second argument from oldKey to newKey. ^If the cache
-** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it should be
-** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
-** to be pinned.
-**
-** ^When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
-** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
-** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). ^If any
-** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
-** they can be safely discarded.
-**
-** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
-** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
-** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
-** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods
-** functions.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
-struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
-  void *pArg;
-  int (*xInit)(void*);
-  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
-  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
-  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
-  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
-  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
-  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
-  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
-  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
-  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
-** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
-** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
-** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
-** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
-** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files. 
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
-**
-** ^Exclusive access is required to the destination database for the 
-** duration of the operation. ^However the source database is only
-** read-locked while it is actually being read; it is not locked
-** continuously for the entire backup operation. ^Thus, the backup may be
-** performed on a live source database without preventing other users from
-** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
-** 
-** ^(To perform a backup operation: 
-**   <ol>
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
-**         backup, 
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer 
-**         the data between the two databases, and finally
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources 
-**         associated with the backup operation. 
-**   </ol>)^
-** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
-** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
-**
-** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the 
-** [database connection] associated with the destination database 
-** and the database name, respectively.
-** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
-** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
-** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
-** ^The S and M arguments passed to 
-** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
-** and database name of the source database, respectively.
-** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
-** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will file with
-** an error.
-**
-** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
-** returned and an error code and error message are store3d in the
-** destination [database connection] D.
-** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
-** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
-** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
-** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_backup] object.
-** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup 
-** operation.
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
-**
-** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between 
-** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
-** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied. 
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
-** are still more pages to be copied, then the function resturns [SQLITE_OK].
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
-** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
-** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
-** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
-** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if the destination
-** database was opened read-only or if
-** the destination is an in-memory database with a different page size
-** from the source database.
-**
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
-** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
-** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the 
-** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then 
-** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
-** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
-** [database connection]
-** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
-** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
-** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
-** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then 
-** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These 
-** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept 
-** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle 
-** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
-**
-** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
-** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either 
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete 
-** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
-** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
-** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
-** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
-** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
-** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
-** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
-** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
-** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source 
-** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
-** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
-** updated at the same time.
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
-**
-** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the 
-** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
-** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
-** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
-** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object. 
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
-** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
-** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
-** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
-**
-** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
-** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
-** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
-** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
-** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
-**
-** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
-** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
-** sqlite3_backup_finish().
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining(), sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
-**
-** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
-** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
-** up and the total number of pages in the source databae file.
-** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
-** retrieve these two values, respectively.
-**
-** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
-** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
-** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
-** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
-** changing.
-**
-** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
-**
-** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
-** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
-** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
-** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
-** from within other threads.
-**
-** However, the application must guarantee that the destination 
-** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after 
-** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
-** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
-** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
-** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
-** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
-** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
-**
-** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
-** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
-** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
-** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being 
-** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
-** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
-**
-** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple 
-** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
-** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
-** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
-** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
-** possible that they return invalid values.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
-  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
-  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
-  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
-  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
-** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
-** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
-** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking. 
-** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke 
-** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
-** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
-**
-** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
-** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back. 
-**
-** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
-** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
-** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
-** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an 
-** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as 
-** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
-** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
-** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
-** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
-**
-** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
-** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
-** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
-** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
-** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
-**
-** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
-** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
-** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of 
-** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
-**
-** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a 
-** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
-** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
-** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
-** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
-** unlock-notify callback is cancelled. ^The blocked connections 
-** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
-** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
-**
-** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
-** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
-** crash or deadlock may be the result.
-**
-** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
-** returns SQLITE_OK.
-**
-** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
-**
-** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a 
-** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
-** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
-** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
-** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
-** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
-**
-** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
-** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
-** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
-** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
-** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
-** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
-** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions 
-** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
-**
-** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
-**
-** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a 
-** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
-** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
-** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
-** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
-** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
-** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
-**
-** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
-** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
-** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
-** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
-** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
-** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
-** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
-** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
-** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
-** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
-** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
-** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
-**
-** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
-**
-** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost 
-** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
-** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
-** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
-** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
-** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
-** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
-** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
-**
-** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
-** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
-** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
-** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just 
-** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
-  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
-  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
-  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
-);
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_strnicmp()] API allows applications and extensions to
-** compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8 strings in a
-** case-indendent fashion, using the same definition of case independence 
-** that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
-** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
-** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
-** passed through to [sqlite3_vmprintf()] to generate the final output string.
-**
-** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
-** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
-** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
-** is considered bad form.
-**
-** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
-**
-** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
-** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
-** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
-** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
-** buffer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
-
-/*
-** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
-** builds on processors without floating point support.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-# undef double
-#endif
-
-#if 0
-}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
-#endif
-#endif
-
-
-/************** End of sqlite3.h *********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
-/************** Include hash.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ******************/
-/************** Begin file hash.h ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This is the header file for the generic hash-table implemenation
-** used in SQLite.
-*/
-#ifndef _SQLITE_HASH_H_
-#define _SQLITE_HASH_H_
-
-/* Forward declarations of structures. */
-typedef struct Hash Hash;
-typedef struct HashElem HashElem;
-
-/* A complete hash table is an instance of the following structure.
-** The internals of this structure are intended to be opaque -- client
-** code should not attempt to access or modify the fields of this structure
-** directly.  Change this structure only by using the routines below.
-** However, some of the "procedures" and "functions" for modifying and
-** accessing this structure are really macros, so we can't really make
-** this structure opaque.
-**
-** All elements of the hash table are on a single doubly-linked list.
-** Hash.first points to the head of this list.
-**
-** There are Hash.htsize buckets.  Each bucket points to a spot in
-** the global doubly-linked list.  The contents of the bucket are the
-** element pointed to plus the next _ht.count-1 elements in the list.
-**
-** Hash.htsize and Hash.ht may be zero.  In that case lookup is done
-** by a linear search of the global list.  For small tables, the 
-** Hash.ht table is never allocated because if there are few elements
-** in the table, it is faster to do a linear search than to manage
-** the hash table.
-*/
-struct Hash {
-  unsigned int htsize;      /* Number of buckets in the hash table */
-  unsigned int count;       /* Number of entries in this table */
-  HashElem *first;          /* The first element of the array */
-  struct _ht {              /* the hash table */
-    int count;                 /* Number of entries with this hash */
-    HashElem *chain;           /* Pointer to first entry with this hash */
-  } *ht;
-};
-
-/* Each element in the hash table is an instance of the following 
-** structure.  All elements are stored on a single doubly-linked list.
-**
-** Again, this structure is intended to be opaque, but it can't really
-** be opaque because it is used by macros.
-*/
-struct HashElem {
-  HashElem *next, *prev;       /* Next and previous elements in the table */
-  void *data;                  /* Data associated with this element */
-  const char *pKey; int nKey;  /* Key associated with this element */
-};
-
-/*
-** Access routines.  To delete, insert a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3HashInit(Hash*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HashInsert(Hash*, const char *pKey, int nKey, void *pData);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HashFind(const Hash*, const char *pKey, int nKey);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3HashClear(Hash*);
-
-/*
-** Macros for looping over all elements of a hash table.  The idiom is
-** like this:
-**
-**   Hash h;
-**   HashElem *p;
-**   ...
-**   for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&h); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
-**     SomeStructure *pData = sqliteHashData(p);
-**     // do something with pData
-**   }
-*/
-#define sqliteHashFirst(H)  ((H)->first)
-#define sqliteHashNext(E)   ((E)->next)
-#define sqliteHashData(E)   ((E)->data)
-/* #define sqliteHashKey(E)    ((E)->pKey) // NOT USED */
-/* #define sqliteHashKeysize(E) ((E)->nKey)  // NOT USED */
-
-/*
-** Number of entries in a hash table
-*/
-/* #define sqliteHashCount(H)  ((H)->count) // NOT USED */
-
-#endif /* _SQLITE_HASH_H_ */
-
-/************** End of hash.h ************************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
-/************** Include parse.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h *****************/
-/************** Begin file parse.h *******************************************/
-#define TK_SEMI                            1
-#define TK_EXPLAIN                         2
-#define TK_QUERY                           3
-#define TK_PLAN                            4
-#define TK_BEGIN                           5
-#define TK_TRANSACTION                     6
-#define TK_DEFERRED                        7
-#define TK_IMMEDIATE                       8
-#define TK_EXCLUSIVE                       9
-#define TK_COMMIT                         10
-#define TK_END                            11
-#define TK_ROLLBACK                       12
-#define TK_SAVEPOINT                      13
-#define TK_RELEASE                        14
-#define TK_TO                             15
-#define TK_TABLE                          16
-#define TK_CREATE                         17
-#define TK_IF                             18
-#define TK_NOT                            19
-#define TK_EXISTS                         20
-#define TK_TEMP                           21
-#define TK_LP                             22
-#define TK_RP                             23
-#define TK_AS                             24
-#define TK_COMMA                          25
-#define TK_ID                             26
-#define TK_INDEXED                        27
-#define TK_ABORT                          28
-#define TK_ACTION                         29
-#define TK_AFTER                          30
-#define TK_ANALYZE                        31
-#define TK_ASC                            32
-#define TK_ATTACH                         33
-#define TK_BEFORE                         34
-#define TK_BY                             35
-#define TK_CASCADE                        36
-#define TK_CAST                           37
-#define TK_COLUMNKW                       38
-#define TK_CONFLICT                       39
-#define TK_DATABASE                       40
-#define TK_DESC                           41
-#define TK_DETACH                         42
-#define TK_EACH                           43
-#define TK_FAIL                           44
-#define TK_FOR                            45
-#define TK_IGNORE                         46
-#define TK_INITIALLY                      47
-#define TK_INSTEAD                        48
-#define TK_LIKE_KW                        49
-#define TK_MATCH                          50
-#define TK_NO                             51
-#define TK_KEY                            52
-#define TK_OF                             53
-#define TK_OFFSET                         54
-#define TK_PRAGMA                         55
-#define TK_RAISE                          56
-#define TK_REPLACE                        57
-#define TK_RESTRICT                       58
-#define TK_ROW                            59
-#define TK_TRIGGER                        60
-#define TK_VACUUM                         61
-#define TK_VIEW                           62
-#define TK_VIRTUAL                        63
-#define TK_REINDEX                        64
-#define TK_RENAME                         65
-#define TK_CTIME_KW                       66
-#define TK_ANY                            67
-#define TK_OR                             68
-#define TK_AND                            69
-#define TK_IS                             70
-#define TK_BETWEEN                        71
-#define TK_IN                             72
-#define TK_ISNULL                         73
-#define TK_NOTNULL                        74
-#define TK_NE                             75
-#define TK_EQ                             76
-#define TK_GT                             77
-#define TK_LE                             78
-#define TK_LT                             79
-#define TK_GE                             80
-#define TK_ESCAPE                         81
-#define TK_BITAND                         82
-#define TK_BITOR                          83
-#define TK_LSHIFT                         84
-#define TK_RSHIFT                         85
-#define TK_PLUS                           86
-#define TK_MINUS                          87
-#define TK_STAR                           88
-#define TK_SLASH                          89
-#define TK_REM                            90
-#define TK_CONCAT                         91
-#define TK_COLLATE                        92
-#define TK_BITNOT                         93
-#define TK_STRING                         94
-#define TK_JOIN_KW                        95
-#define TK_CONSTRAINT                     96
-#define TK_DEFAULT                        97
-#define TK_NULL                           98
-#define TK_PRIMARY                        99
-#define TK_UNIQUE                         100
-#define TK_CHECK                          101
-#define TK_REFERENCES                     102
-#define TK_AUTOINCR                       103
-#define TK_ON                             104
-#define TK_INSERT                         105
-#define TK_DELETE                         106
-#define TK_UPDATE                         107
-#define TK_SET                            108
-#define TK_DEFERRABLE                     109
-#define TK_FOREIGN                        110
-#define TK_DROP                           111
-#define TK_UNION                          112
-#define TK_ALL                            113
-#define TK_EXCEPT                         114
-#define TK_INTERSECT                      115
-#define TK_SELECT                         116
-#define TK_DISTINCT                       117
-#define TK_DOT                            118
-#define TK_FROM                           119
-#define TK_JOIN                           120
-#define TK_USING                          121
-#define TK_ORDER                          122
-#define TK_GROUP                          123
-#define TK_HAVING                         124
-#define TK_LIMIT                          125
-#define TK_WHERE                          126
-#define TK_INTO                           127
-#define TK_VALUES                         128
-#define TK_INTEGER                        129
-#define TK_FLOAT                          130
-#define TK_BLOB                           131
-#define TK_REGISTER                       132
-#define TK_VARIABLE                       133
-#define TK_CASE                           134
-#define TK_WHEN                           135
-#define TK_THEN                           136
-#define TK_ELSE                           137
-#define TK_INDEX                          138
-#define TK_ALTER                          139
-#define TK_ADD                            140
-#define TK_TO_TEXT                        141
-#define TK_TO_BLOB                        142
-#define TK_TO_NUMERIC                     143
-#define TK_TO_INT                         144
-#define TK_TO_REAL                        145
-#define TK_ISNOT                          146
-#define TK_END_OF_FILE                    147
-#define TK_ILLEGAL                        148
-#define TK_SPACE                          149
-#define TK_UNCLOSED_STRING                150
-#define TK_FUNCTION                       151
-#define TK_COLUMN                         152
-#define TK_AGG_FUNCTION                   153
-#define TK_AGG_COLUMN                     154
-#define TK_CONST_FUNC                     155
-#define TK_UMINUS                         156
-#define TK_UPLUS                          157
-
-/************** End of parse.h ***********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-
-/*
-** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
-** substitute integer for floating-point
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-# define double sqlite_int64
-# define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
-# ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
-#   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
-# endif
-# define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
-# define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
-# undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
-# undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
-# define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
-** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler 
-** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
-#define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
-#else
-#define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
-** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
-** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
-** that the library can read.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
-** changed at run-time using a pragma.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
-** on the command-line
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
-# define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
-** ourselves.
-*/
-#ifndef offsetof
-#define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
-** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
-*/
-#if 'A' == '\301'
-# define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
-#else
-# define SQLITE_ASCII 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
-** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
-** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
-**
-**         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
-*/
-#ifndef UINT32_TYPE
-# ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
-#  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
-# else
-#  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
-# endif
-#endif
-#ifndef UINT16_TYPE
-# ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
-#  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
-# else
-#  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
-# endif
-#endif
-#ifndef INT16_TYPE
-# ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
-#  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
-# else
-#  define INT16_TYPE short int
-# endif
-#endif
-#ifndef UINT8_TYPE
-# ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
-#  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
-# else
-#  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
-# endif
-#endif
-#ifndef INT8_TYPE
-# ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
-#  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
-# else
-#  define INT8_TYPE signed char
-# endif
-#endif
-#ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
-# define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
-#endif
-typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
-typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
-typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
-typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
-typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
-typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
-typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
-
-/*
-** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
-** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
-** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
-** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
-*/
-#define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
-
-/*
-** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
-** evaluated at runtime.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const int sqlite3one = 1;
-#else
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const int sqlite3one;
-#endif
-#if defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86)\
-                             || defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__)
-# define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
-# define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
-# define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
-#else
-# define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
-# define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
-# define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
-** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
-** compilers.
-*/
-#define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
-#define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
-
-/* 
-** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
-** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
-*/
-#define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
-
-/*
-** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
-*/
-#define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
-
-/*
-** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
-** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
-** all alignment restrictions correct.
-**
-** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
-** underlying malloc() implemention might return us 4-byte aligned
-** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
-# define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
-#else
-# define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
-** callback for a given sqlite handle. 
-**
-** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
-** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
-** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
-** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
-*/
-typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
-struct BusyHandler {
-  int (*xFunc)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
-  void *pArg;                /* First arg to busy callback */
-  int nBusy;                 /* Incremented with each busy call */
-};
-
-/*
-** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
-** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
-** user tables and indices.
-*/
-#define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
-#define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
-
-/*
-** The root-page of the master database table.
-*/
-#define MASTER_ROOT       1
-
-/*
-** The name of the schema table.
-*/
-#define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
-
-/*
-** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
-** an array.
-*/
-#define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
-
-/*
-** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
-** This is an internal extension to SQLITE_STATIC and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3DbFree)
-
-/*
-** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
-** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
-** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
-** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
-** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
-** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
-** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
-** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
-** for the run-time allocated buffer.
-**
-** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
-** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
-  #define SQLITE_WSD const
-  #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
-  #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
-SQLITE_API   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
-SQLITE_API   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
-#else
-  #define SQLITE_WSD 
-  #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
-  #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
-** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately 
-** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
-** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the 
-** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
-** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
-** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
-**
-** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
-** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
-** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
-** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
-** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
-** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
-*/
-#define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
-#define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
-
-/*
-** Forward references to structures
-*/
-typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
-typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
-typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
-typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
-typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
-typedef struct Column Column;
-typedef struct Db Db;
-typedef struct Schema Schema;
-typedef struct Expr Expr;
-typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
-typedef struct ExprSpan ExprSpan;
-typedef struct FKey FKey;
-typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
-typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
-typedef struct IdList IdList;
-typedef struct Index Index;
-typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
-typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
-typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
-typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
-typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
-typedef struct Module Module;
-typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
-typedef struct Parse Parse;
-typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
-typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
-typedef struct Select Select;
-typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
-typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
-typedef struct Table Table;
-typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
-typedef struct Token Token;
-typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
-typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
-typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
-typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
-typedef struct VTable VTable;
-typedef struct Walker Walker;
-typedef struct WherePlan WherePlan;
-typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
-typedef struct WhereLevel WhereLevel;
-
-/*
-** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and 
-** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
-** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
-*/
-/************** Include btree.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h *****************/
-/************** Begin file btree.h *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This header file defines the interface that the sqlite B-Tree file
-** subsystem.  See comments in the source code for a detailed description
-** of what each interface routine does.
-*/
-#ifndef _BTREE_H_
-#define _BTREE_H_
-
-/* TODO: This definition is just included so other modules compile. It
-** needs to be revisited.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_N_BTREE_META 10
-
-/*
-** If defined as non-zero, auto-vacuum is enabled by default. Otherwise
-** it must be turned on for each database using "PRAGMA auto_vacuum = 1".
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM
-  #define SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM 0
-#endif
-
-#define BTREE_AUTOVACUUM_NONE 0        /* Do not do auto-vacuum */
-#define BTREE_AUTOVACUUM_FULL 1        /* Do full auto-vacuum */
-#define BTREE_AUTOVACUUM_INCR 2        /* Incremental vacuum */
-
-/*
-** Forward declarations of structure
-*/
-typedef struct Btree Btree;
-typedef struct BtCursor BtCursor;
-typedef struct BtShared BtShared;
-typedef struct BtreeMutexArray BtreeMutexArray;
-
-/*
-** This structure records all of the Btrees that need to hold
-** a mutex before we enter sqlite3VdbeExec().  The Btrees are
-** are placed in aBtree[] in order of aBtree[]->pBt.  That way,
-** we can always lock and unlock them all quickly.
-*/
-struct BtreeMutexArray {
-  int nMutex;
-  Btree *aBtree[SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+1];
-};
-
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeOpen(
-  const char *zFilename,   /* Name of database file to open */
-  sqlite3 *db,             /* Associated database connection */
-  Btree **ppBtree,         /* Return open Btree* here */
-  int flags,               /* Flags */
-  int vfsFlags             /* Flags passed through to VFS open */
-);
-
-/* The flags parameter to sqlite3BtreeOpen can be the bitwise or of the
-** following values.
-**
-** NOTE:  These values must match the corresponding PAGER_ values in
-** pager.h.
-*/
-#define BTREE_OMIT_JOURNAL  1  /* Do not use journal.  No argument */
-#define BTREE_NO_READLOCK   2  /* Omit readlocks on readonly files */
-#define BTREE_MEMORY        4  /* In-memory DB.  No argument */
-#define BTREE_READONLY      8  /* Open the database in read-only mode */
-#define BTREE_READWRITE    16  /* Open for both reading and writing */
-#define BTREE_CREATE       32  /* Create the database if it does not exist */
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeClose(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(Btree*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetSafetyLevel(Btree*,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSyncDisabled(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(Btree *p, int nPagesize, int nReserve, int eFix);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMaxPageCount(Btree*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(Btree*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetReserve(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(Btree *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetAutoVacuum(Btree *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(Btree*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(Btree*, const char *zMaster);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommit(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeRollback(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginStmt(Btree*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(Btree*, int*, int flags);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3BtreeSchema(Btree *, int, void(*)(void *));
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSchemaLocked(Btree *pBtree);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLockTable(Btree *pBtree, int iTab, u8 isWriteLock);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(Btree *, int, int);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(Btree *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3BtreeGetJournalname(Btree *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCopyFile(Btree *, Btree *);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIncrVacuum(Btree *);
-
-/* The flags parameter to sqlite3BtreeCreateTable can be the bitwise OR
-** of the following flags:
-*/
-#define BTREE_INTKEY     1    /* Table has only 64-bit signed integer keys */
-#define BTREE_ZERODATA   2    /* Table has keys only - no data */
-#define BTREE_LEAFDATA   4    /* Data stored in leaves only.  Implies INTKEY */
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDropTable(Btree*, int, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeClearTable(Btree*, int, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeTripAllCursors(Btree*, int);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(Btree *pBtree, int idx, u32 *pValue);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(Btree*, int idx, u32 value);
-
-/*
-** The second parameter to sqlite3BtreeGetMeta or sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta
-** should be one of the following values. The integer values are assigned 
-** to constants so that the offset of the corresponding field in an
-** SQLite database header may be found using the following formula:
-**
-**   offset = 36 + (idx * 4)
-**
-** For example, the free-page-count field is located at byte offset 36 of
-** the database file header. The incr-vacuum-flag field is located at
-** byte offset 64 (== 36+4*7).
-*/
-#define BTREE_FREE_PAGE_COUNT     0
-#define BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION      1
-#define BTREE_FILE_FORMAT         2
-#define BTREE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE  3
-#define BTREE_LARGEST_ROOT_PAGE   4
-#define BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING       5
-#define BTREE_USER_VERSION        6
-#define BTREE_INCR_VACUUM         7
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursor(
-  Btree*,                              /* BTree containing table to open */
-  int iTable,                          /* Index of root page */
-  int wrFlag,                          /* 1 for writing.  0 for read-only */
-  struct KeyInfo*,                     /* First argument to compare function */
-  BtCursor *pCursor                    /* Space to write cursor structure */
-);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorSize(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorZero(BtCursor*);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(BtCursor*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
-  BtCursor*,
-  UnpackedRecord *pUnKey,
-  i64 intKey,
-  int bias,
-  int *pRes
-);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(BtCursor*, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(BtCursor*, const void *pKey, i64 nKey,
-                                  const void *pData, int nData,
-                                  int nZero, int bias, int seekResult);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFirst(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeEof(BtCursor*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeKeySize(BtCursor*, i64 *pSize);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeKey(BtCursor*, u32 offset, u32 amt, void*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const void *sqlite3BtreeKeyFetch(BtCursor*, int *pAmt);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const void *sqlite3BtreeDataFetch(BtCursor*, int *pAmt);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDataSize(BtCursor*, u32 *pSize);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeData(BtCursor*, u32 offset, u32 amt, void*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeSetCachedRowid(BtCursor*, sqlite3_int64);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_int64 sqlite3BtreeGetCachedRowid(BtCursor*);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(Btree*, int *aRoot, int nRoot, int, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE struct Pager *sqlite3BtreePager(Btree*);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePutData(BtCursor*, u32 offset, u32 amt, void*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCacheOverflow(BtCursor *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(BtCursor *);
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(BtCursor*);
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCount(BtCursor *, i64 *);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorInfo(BtCursor*, int*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorList(Btree*);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** If we are not using shared cache, then there is no need to
-** use mutexes to access the BtShared structures.  So make the
-** Enter and Leave procedures no-ops.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeEnter(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(sqlite3*);
-#else
-# define sqlite3BtreeEnter(X) 
-# define sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(X)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeLeave(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeEnterCursor(BtCursor*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeLeaveCursor(BtCursor*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayEnter(BtreeMutexArray*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(BtreeMutexArray*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayInsert(BtreeMutexArray*, Btree*);
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  /* These routines are used inside assert() statements only. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(sqlite3*);
-#endif
-#else
-
-# define sqlite3BtreeLeave(X)
-# define sqlite3BtreeEnterCursor(X)
-# define sqlite3BtreeLeaveCursor(X)
-# define sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(X)
-# define sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayEnter(X)
-# define sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(X)
-# define sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayInsert(X,Y)
-
-# define sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(X) 1
-# define sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(X) 1
-#endif
-
-
-#endif /* _BTREE_H_ */
-
-/************** End of btree.h ***********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
-/************** Include vdbe.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ******************/
-/************** Begin file vdbe.h ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** Header file for the Virtual DataBase Engine (VDBE)
-**
-** This header defines the interface to the virtual database engine
-** or VDBE.  The VDBE implements an abstract machine that runs a
-** simple program to access and modify the underlying database.
-*/
-#ifndef _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
-#define _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
-
-/*
-** A single VDBE is an opaque structure named "Vdbe".  Only routines
-** in the source file sqliteVdbe.c are allowed to see the insides
-** of this structure.
-*/
-typedef struct Vdbe Vdbe;
-
-/*
-** The names of the following types declared in vdbeInt.h are required
-** for the VdbeOp definition.
-*/
-typedef struct VdbeFunc VdbeFunc;
-typedef struct Mem Mem;
-typedef struct SubProgram SubProgram;
-
-/*
-** A single instruction of the virtual machine has an opcode
-** and as many as three operands.  The instruction is recorded
-** as an instance of the following structure:
-*/
-struct VdbeOp {
-  u8 opcode;          /* What operation to perform */
-  signed char p4type; /* One of the P4_xxx constants for p4 */
-  u8 opflags;         /* Mask of the OPFLG_* flags in opcodes.h */
-  u8 p5;              /* Fifth parameter is an unsigned character */
-  int p1;             /* First operand */
-  int p2;             /* Second parameter (often the jump destination) */
-  int p3;             /* The third parameter */
-  union {             /* fourth parameter */
-    int i;                 /* Integer value if p4type==P4_INT32 */
-    void *p;               /* Generic pointer */
-    char *z;               /* Pointer to data for string (char array) types */
-    i64 *pI64;             /* Used when p4type is P4_INT64 */
-    double *pReal;         /* Used when p4type is P4_REAL */
-    FuncDef *pFunc;        /* Used when p4type is P4_FUNCDEF */
-    VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc;   /* Used when p4type is P4_VDBEFUNC */
-    CollSeq *pColl;        /* Used when p4type is P4_COLLSEQ */
-    Mem *pMem;             /* Used when p4type is P4_MEM */
-    VTable *pVtab;         /* Used when p4type is P4_VTAB */
-    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;     /* Used when p4type is P4_KEYINFO */
-    int *ai;               /* Used when p4type is P4_INTARRAY */
-    SubProgram *pProgram;  /* Used when p4type is P4_SUBPROGRAM */
-  } p4;
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  char *zComment;          /* Comment to improve readability */
-#endif
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-  int cnt;                 /* Number of times this instruction was executed */
-  u64 cycles;              /* Total time spent executing this instruction */
-#endif
-};
-typedef struct VdbeOp VdbeOp;
-
-
-/*
-** A sub-routine used to implement a trigger program.
-*/
-struct SubProgram {
-  VdbeOp *aOp;                  /* Array of opcodes for sub-program */
-  int nOp;                      /* Elements in aOp[] */
-  int nMem;                     /* Number of memory cells required */
-  int nCsr;                     /* Number of cursors required */
-  int nRef;                     /* Number of pointers to this structure */
-  void *token;                  /* id that may be used to recursive triggers */
-};
-
-/*
-** A smaller version of VdbeOp used for the VdbeAddOpList() function because
-** it takes up less space.
-*/
-struct VdbeOpList {
-  u8 opcode;          /* What operation to perform */
-  signed char p1;     /* First operand */
-  signed char p2;     /* Second parameter (often the jump destination) */
-  signed char p3;     /* Third parameter */
-};
-typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
-
-/*
-** Allowed values of VdbeOp.p4type
-*/
-#define P4_NOTUSED    0   /* The P4 parameter is not used */
-#define P4_DYNAMIC  (-1)  /* Pointer to a string obtained from sqliteMalloc() */
-#define P4_STATIC   (-2)  /* Pointer to a static string */
-#define P4_COLLSEQ  (-4)  /* P4 is a pointer to a CollSeq structure */
-#define P4_FUNCDEF  (-5)  /* P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef structure */
-#define P4_KEYINFO  (-6)  /* P4 is a pointer to a KeyInfo structure */
-#define P4_VDBEFUNC (-7)  /* P4 is a pointer to a VdbeFunc structure */
-#define P4_MEM      (-8)  /* P4 is a pointer to a Mem*    structure */
-#define P4_TRANSIENT (-9) /* P4 is a pointer to a transient string */
-#define P4_VTAB     (-10) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure */
-#define P4_MPRINTF  (-11) /* P4 is a string obtained from sqlite3_mprintf() */
-#define P4_REAL     (-12) /* P4 is a 64-bit floating point value */
-#define P4_INT64    (-13) /* P4 is a 64-bit signed integer */
-#define P4_INT32    (-14) /* P4 is a 32-bit signed integer */
-#define P4_INTARRAY (-15) /* P4 is a vector of 32-bit integers */
-#define P4_SUBPROGRAM  (-18) /* P4 is a pointer to a SubProgram structure */
-
-/* When adding a P4 argument using P4_KEYINFO, a copy of the KeyInfo structure
-** is made.  That copy is freed when the Vdbe is finalized.  But if the
-** argument is P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF, the passed in pointer is used.  It still
-** gets freed when the Vdbe is finalized so it still should be obtained
-** from a single sqliteMalloc().  But no copy is made and the calling
-** function should *not* try to free the KeyInfo.
-*/
-#define P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF (-16)
-#define P4_KEYINFO_STATIC  (-17)
-
-/*
-** The Vdbe.aColName array contains 5n Mem structures, where n is the 
-** number of columns of data returned by the statement.
-*/
-#define COLNAME_NAME     0
-#define COLNAME_DECLTYPE 1
-#define COLNAME_DATABASE 2
-#define COLNAME_TABLE    3
-#define COLNAME_COLUMN   4
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
-# define COLNAME_N        5      /* Number of COLNAME_xxx symbols */
-#else
-# ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
-#   define COLNAME_N      1      /* Store only the name */
-# else
-#   define COLNAME_N      2      /* Store the name and decltype */
-# endif
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The following macro converts a relative address in the p2 field
-** of a VdbeOp structure into a negative number so that 
-** sqlite3VdbeAddOpList() knows that the address is relative.  Calling
-** the macro again restores the address.
-*/
-#define ADDR(X)  (-1-(X))
-
-/*
-** The makefile scans the vdbe.c source file and creates the "opcodes.h"
-** header file that defines a number for each opcode used by the VDBE.
-*/
-/************** Include opcodes.h in the middle of vdbe.h ********************/
-/************** Begin file opcodes.h *****************************************/
-/* Automatically generated.  Do not edit */
-/* See the mkopcodeh.awk script for details */
-#define OP_Goto                                 1
-#define OP_Gosub                                2
-#define OP_Return                               3
-#define OP_Yield                                4
-#define OP_HaltIfNull                           5
-#define OP_Halt                                 6
-#define OP_Integer                              7
-#define OP_Int64                                8
-#define OP_Real                               130   /* same as TK_FLOAT    */
-#define OP_String8                             94   /* same as TK_STRING   */
-#define OP_String                               9
-#define OP_Null                                10
-#define OP_Blob                                11
-#define OP_Variable                            12
-#define OP_Move                                13
-#define OP_Copy                                14
-#define OP_SCopy                               15
-#define OP_ResultRow                           16
-#define OP_Concat                              91   /* same as TK_CONCAT   */
-#define OP_Add                                 86   /* same as TK_PLUS     */
-#define OP_Subtract                            87   /* same as TK_MINUS    */
-#define OP_Multiply                            88   /* same as TK_STAR     */
-#define OP_Divide                              89   /* same as TK_SLASH    */
-#define OP_Remainder                           90   /* same as TK_REM      */
-#define OP_CollSeq                             17
-#define OP_Function                            18
-#define OP_BitAnd                              82   /* same as TK_BITAND   */
-#define OP_BitOr                               83   /* same as TK_BITOR    */
-#define OP_ShiftLeft                           84   /* same as TK_LSHIFT   */
-#define OP_ShiftRight                          85   /* same as TK_RSHIFT   */
-#define OP_AddImm                              20
-#define OP_MustBeInt                           21
-#define OP_RealAffinity                        22
-#define OP_ToText                             141   /* same as TK_TO_TEXT  */
-#define OP_ToBlob                             142   /* same as TK_TO_BLOB  */
-#define OP_ToNumeric                          143   /* same as TK_TO_NUMERIC*/
-#define OP_ToInt                              144   /* same as TK_TO_INT   */
-#define OP_ToReal                             145   /* same as TK_TO_REAL  */
-#define OP_Eq                                  76   /* same as TK_EQ       */
-#define OP_Ne                                  75   /* same as TK_NE       */
-#define OP_Lt                                  79   /* same as TK_LT       */
-#define OP_Le                                  78   /* same as TK_LE       */
-#define OP_Gt                                  77   /* same as TK_GT       */
-#define OP_Ge                                  80   /* same as TK_GE       */
-#define OP_Permutation                         23
-#define OP_Compare                             24
-#define OP_Jump                                25
-#define OP_And                                 69   /* same as TK_AND      */
-#define OP_Or                                  68   /* same as TK_OR       */
-#define OP_Not                                 19   /* same as TK_NOT      */
-#define OP_BitNot                              93   /* same as TK_BITNOT   */
-#define OP_If                                  26
-#define OP_IfNot                               27
-#define OP_IsNull                              73   /* same as TK_ISNULL   */
-#define OP_NotNull                             74   /* same as TK_NOTNULL  */
-#define OP_Column                              28
-#define OP_Affinity                            29
-#define OP_MakeRecord                          30
-#define OP_Count                               31
-#define OP_Savepoint                           32
-#define OP_AutoCommit                          33
-#define OP_Transaction                         34
-#define OP_ReadCookie                          35
-#define OP_SetCookie                           36
-#define OP_VerifyCookie                        37
-#define OP_OpenRead                            38
-#define OP_OpenWrite                           39
-#define OP_OpenEphemeral                       40
-#define OP_OpenPseudo                          41
-#define OP_Close                               42
-#define OP_SeekLt                              43
-#define OP_SeekLe                              44
-#define OP_SeekGe                              45
-#define OP_SeekGt                              46
-#define OP_Seek                                47
-#define OP_NotFound                            48
-#define OP_Found                               49
-#define OP_IsUnique                            50
-#define OP_NotExists                           51
-#define OP_Sequence                            52
-#define OP_NewRowid                            53
-#define OP_Insert                              54
-#define OP_InsertInt                           55
-#define OP_Delete                              56
-#define OP_ResetCount                          57
-#define OP_RowKey                              58
-#define OP_RowData                             59
-#define OP_Rowid                               60
-#define OP_NullRow                             61
-#define OP_Last                                62
-#define OP_Sort                                63
-#define OP_Rewind                              64
-#define OP_Prev                                65
-#define OP_Next                                66
-#define OP_IdxInsert                           67
-#define OP_IdxDelete                           70
-#define OP_IdxRowid                            71
-#define OP_IdxLT                               72
-#define OP_IdxGE                               81
-#define OP_Destroy                             92
-#define OP_Clear                               95
-#define OP_CreateIndex                         96
-#define OP_CreateTable                         97
-#define OP_ParseSchema                         98
-#define OP_LoadAnalysis                        99
-#define OP_DropTable                          100
-#define OP_DropIndex                          101
-#define OP_DropTrigger                        102
-#define OP_IntegrityCk                        103
-#define OP_RowSetAdd                          104
-#define OP_RowSetRead                         105
-#define OP_RowSetTest                         106
-#define OP_Program                            107
-#define OP_Param                              108
-#define OP_FkCounter                          109
-#define OP_FkIfZero                           110
-#define OP_MemMax                             111
-#define OP_IfPos                              112
-#define OP_IfNeg                              113
-#define OP_IfZero                             114
-#define OP_AggStep                            115
-#define OP_AggFinal                           116
-#define OP_Vacuum                             117
-#define OP_IncrVacuum                         118
-#define OP_Expire                             119
-#define OP_TableLock                          120
-#define OP_VBegin                             121
-#define OP_VCreate                            122
-#define OP_VDestroy                           123
-#define OP_VOpen                              124
-#define OP_VFilter                            125
-#define OP_VColumn                            126
-#define OP_VNext                              127
-#define OP_VRename                            128
-#define OP_VUpdate                            129
-#define OP_Pagecount                          131
-#define OP_Trace                              132
-#define OP_Noop                               133
-#define OP_Explain                            134
-
-/* The following opcode values are never used */
-#define OP_NotUsed_135                        135
-#define OP_NotUsed_136                        136
-#define OP_NotUsed_137                        137
-#define OP_NotUsed_138                        138
-#define OP_NotUsed_139                        139
-#define OP_NotUsed_140                        140
-
-
-/* Properties such as "out2" or "jump" that are specified in
-** comments following the "case" for each opcode in the vdbe.c
-** are encoded into bitvectors as follows:
-*/
-#define OPFLG_JUMP            0x0001  /* jump:  P2 holds jmp target */
-#define OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE 0x0002  /* out2-prerelease: */
-#define OPFLG_IN1             0x0004  /* in1:   P1 is an input */
-#define OPFLG_IN2             0x0008  /* in2:   P2 is an input */
-#define OPFLG_IN3             0x0010  /* in3:   P3 is an input */
-#define OPFLG_OUT2            0x0020  /* out2:  P2 is an output */
-#define OPFLG_OUT3            0x0040  /* out3:  P3 is an output */
-#define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\
-/*   0 */ 0x00, 0x01, 0x05, 0x04, 0x04, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02,\
-/*   8 */ 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x24,\
-/*  16 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x04, 0x05, 0x04, 0x00,\
-/*  24 */ 0x00, 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,\
-/*  32 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/*  40 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x08,\
-/*  48 */ 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/*  56 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01,\
-/*  64 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x08, 0x4c, 0x4c, 0x00, 0x02,\
-/*  72 */ 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15,\
-/*  80 */ 0x15, 0x01, 0x4c, 0x4c, 0x4c, 0x4c, 0x4c, 0x4c,\
-/*  88 */ 0x4c, 0x4c, 0x4c, 0x4c, 0x02, 0x24, 0x02, 0x00,\
-/*  96 */ 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 104 */ 0x0c, 0x45, 0x15, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x08,\
-/* 112 */ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,\
-/* 120 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01,\
-/* 128 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 136 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,\
-/* 144 */ 0x04, 0x04,}
-
-/************** End of opcodes.h *********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in vdbe.h ***********************/
-
-/*
-** Prototypes for the VDBE interface.  See comments on the implementation
-** for a description of what each of these routines does.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3VdbeCreate(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(Vdbe*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(Vdbe*,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(Vdbe*,int,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(Vdbe*,int,int,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(Vdbe*,int,int,int,int,const char *zP4,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(Vdbe*,int,int,int,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(Vdbe*, int nOp, VdbeOpList const *aOp);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(Vdbe*, int addr, int P1);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(Vdbe*, int addr, int P2);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(Vdbe*, int addr, int P3);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(Vdbe*, u8 P5);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(Vdbe*, int addr);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(Vdbe*, int addr, int N);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(Vdbe*, int addr, const char *zP4, int N);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(Vdbe*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeGetOp(Vdbe*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRunOnlyOnce(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(Vdbe*,int,int,int,int,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeFinalize(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(Vdbe*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(Vdbe*);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeAssertMayAbort(Vdbe *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeTrace(Vdbe*,FILE*);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeResetStepResult(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(Vdbe*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSetColName(Vdbe*, int, int, const char *, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3 *sqlite3VdbeDb(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe*, const char *z, int n, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe*,Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(Vdbe*, int*, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(sqlite3 *, SubProgram *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3VdbeGetValue(Vdbe*, int, u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(Vdbe*, int);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   char *sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(Vdbe*, const char*);
-#endif
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(KeyInfo*,int,const void*,char*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteUnpackedRecord(UnpackedRecord*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);
-
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeComment(Vdbe*, const char*, ...);
-# define VdbeComment(X)  sqlite3VdbeComment X
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeNoopComment(Vdbe*, const char*, ...);
-# define VdbeNoopComment(X)  sqlite3VdbeNoopComment X
-#else
-# define VdbeComment(X)
-# define VdbeNoopComment(X)
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
-/************** End of vdbe.h ************************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
-/************** Include pager.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h *****************/
-/************** Begin file pager.h *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This header file defines the interface that the sqlite page cache
-** subsystem.  The page cache subsystem reads and writes a file a page
-** at a time and provides a journal for rollback.
-*/
-
-#ifndef _PAGER_H_
-#define _PAGER_H_
-
-/*
-** Default maximum size for persistent journal files. A negative 
-** value means no limit. This value may be overridden using the 
-** sqlite3PagerJournalSizeLimit() API. See also "PRAGMA journal_size_limit".
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT
-  #define SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT -1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The type used to represent a page number.  The first page in a file
-** is called page 1.  0 is used to represent "not a page".
-*/
-typedef u32 Pgno;
-
-/*
-** Each open file is managed by a separate instance of the "Pager" structure.
-*/
-typedef struct Pager Pager;
-
-/*
-** Handle type for pages.
-*/
-typedef struct PgHdr DbPage;
-
-/*
-** Page number PAGER_MJ_PGNO is never used in an SQLite database (it is
-** reserved for working around a windows/posix incompatibility). It is
-** used in the journal to signify that the remainder of the journal file 
-** is devoted to storing a master journal name - there are no more pages to
-** roll back. See comments for function writeMasterJournal() in pager.c 
-** for details.
-*/
-#define PAGER_MJ_PGNO(x) ((Pgno)((PENDING_BYTE/((x)->pageSize))+1))
-
-/*
-** Allowed values for the flags parameter to sqlite3PagerOpen().
-**
-** NOTE: These values must match the corresponding BTREE_ values in btree.h.
-*/
-#define PAGER_OMIT_JOURNAL  0x0001    /* Do not use a rollback journal */
-#define PAGER_NO_READLOCK   0x0002    /* Omit readlocks on readonly files */
-
-/*
-** Valid values for the second argument to sqlite3PagerLockingMode().
-*/
-#define PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_QUERY      -1
-#define PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL      0
-#define PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE   1
-
-/*
-** Valid values for the second argument to sqlite3PagerJournalMode().
-*/
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY      -1
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE      0   /* Commit by deleting journal file */
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST     1   /* Commit by zeroing journal header */
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF         2   /* Journal omitted.  */
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE    3   /* Commit by truncating journal */
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY      4   /* In-memory journal file */
-
-/*
-** The remainder of this file contains the declarations of the functions
-** that make up the Pager sub-system API. See source code comments for 
-** a detailed description of each routine.
-*/
-
-/* Open and close a Pager connection. */ 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
-  sqlite3_vfs*,
-  Pager **ppPager,
-  const char*,
-  int,
-  int,
-  int,
-  void(*)(DbPage*)
-);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerClose(Pager *pPager);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerReadFileheader(Pager*, int, unsigned char*);
-
-/* Functions used to configure a Pager object. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetBusyhandler(Pager*, int(*)(void *), void *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager*, u16*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMaxPageCount(Pager*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetCachesize(Pager*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetSafetyLevel(Pager*,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerLockingMode(Pager *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerJournalMode(Pager *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3PagerJournalSizeLimit(Pager *, i64);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_backup **sqlite3PagerBackupPtr(Pager*);
-
-/* Functions used to obtain and release page references. */ 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerAcquire(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno, DbPage **ppPage, int clrFlag);
-#define sqlite3PagerGet(A,B,C) sqlite3PagerAcquire(A,B,C,0)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE DbPage *sqlite3PagerLookup(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnref(DbPage*);
-
-/* Operations on page references. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerDontWrite(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager*,DbPage*,Pgno,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetData(DbPage *); 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetExtra(DbPage *); 
-
-/* Functions used to manage pager transactions and savepoints. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager*, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerBegin(Pager*, int exFlag, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(Pager*,const char *zMaster, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSync(Pager *pPager);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRollback(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int n);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager);
-
-/* Functions used to query pager state and configuration. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3PagerIsreadonly(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRefcount(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerFilename(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3PagerVfs(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3PagerFile(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerJournalname(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerNosync(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerTempSpace(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(Pager*);
-
-/* Functions used to truncate the database file. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(Pager*,Pgno);
-
-/* Functions to support testing and debugging. */
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   Pgno sqlite3PagerPagenumber(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerIswriteable(DbPage*);
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int *sqlite3PagerStats(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3PagerRefdump(Pager*);
-  void disable_simulated_io_errors(void);
-  void enable_simulated_io_errors(void);
-#else
-# define disable_simulated_io_errors()
-# define enable_simulated_io_errors()
-#endif
-
-#endif /* _PAGER_H_ */
-
-/************** End of pager.h ***********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
-/************** Include pcache.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ****************/
-/************** Begin file pcache.h ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 August 05
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This header file defines the interface that the sqlite page cache
-** subsystem. 
-*/
-
-#ifndef _PCACHE_H_
-
-typedef struct PgHdr PgHdr;
-typedef struct PCache PCache;
-
-/*
-** Every page in the cache is controlled by an instance of the following
-** structure.
-*/
-struct PgHdr {
-  void *pData;                   /* Content of this page */
-  void *pExtra;                  /* Extra content */
-  PgHdr *pDirty;                 /* Transient list of dirty pages */
-  Pgno pgno;                     /* Page number for this page */
-  Pager *pPager;                 /* The pager this page is part of */
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-  u32 pageHash;                  /* Hash of page content */
-#endif
-  u16 flags;                     /* PGHDR flags defined below */
-
-  /**********************************************************************
-  ** Elements above are public.  All that follows is private to pcache.c
-  ** and should not be accessed by other modules.
-  */
-  i16 nRef;                      /* Number of users of this page */
-  PCache *pCache;                /* Cache that owns this page */
-
-  PgHdr *pDirtyNext;             /* Next element in list of dirty pages */
-  PgHdr *pDirtyPrev;             /* Previous element in list of dirty pages */
-};
-
-/* Bit values for PgHdr.flags */
-#define PGHDR_DIRTY             0x002  /* Page has changed */
-#define PGHDR_NEED_SYNC         0x004  /* Fsync the rollback journal before
-                                       ** writing this page to the database */
-#define PGHDR_NEED_READ         0x008  /* Content is unread */
-#define PGHDR_REUSE_UNLIKELY    0x010  /* A hint that reuse is unlikely */
-#define PGHDR_DONT_WRITE        0x020  /* Do not write content to disk */
-
-/* Initialize and shutdown the page cache subsystem */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheInitialize(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheShutdown(void);
-
-/* Page cache buffer management:
-** These routines implement SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PCacheBufferSetup(void *, int sz, int n);
-
-/* Create a new pager cache.
-** Under memory stress, invoke xStress to try to make pages clean.
-** Only clean and unpinned pages can be reclaimed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheOpen(
-  int szPage,                    /* Size of every page */
-  int szExtra,                   /* Extra space associated with each page */
-  int bPurgeable,                /* True if pages are on backing store */
-  int (*xStress)(void*, PgHdr*), /* Call to try to make pages clean */
-  void *pStress,                 /* Argument to xStress */
-  PCache *pToInit                /* Preallocated space for the PCache */
-);
-
-/* Modify the page-size after the cache has been created. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheSetPageSize(PCache *, int);
-
-/* Return the size in bytes of a PCache object.  Used to preallocate
-** storage space.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheSize(void);
-
-/* One release per successful fetch.  Page is pinned until released.
-** Reference counted. 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheFetch(PCache*, Pgno, int createFlag, PgHdr**);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheRelease(PgHdr*);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheDrop(PgHdr*);         /* Remove page from cache */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty(PgHdr*);    /* Make sure page is marked dirty */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheMakeClean(PgHdr*);    /* Mark a single page as clean */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheCleanAll(PCache*);    /* Mark all dirty list pages as clean */
-
-/* Change a page number.  Used by incr-vacuum. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheMove(PgHdr*, Pgno);
-
-/* Remove all pages with pgno>x.  Reset the cache if x==0 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheTruncate(PCache*, Pgno x);
-
-/* Get a list of all dirty pages in the cache, sorted by page number */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE PgHdr *sqlite3PcacheDirtyList(PCache*);
-
-/* Reset and close the cache object */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheClose(PCache*);
-
-/* Clear flags from pages of the page cache */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheClearSyncFlags(PCache *);
-
-/* Discard the contents of the cache */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheClear(PCache*);
-
-/* Return the total number of outstanding page references */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheRefCount(PCache*);
-
-/* Increment the reference count of an existing page */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheRef(PgHdr*);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcachePageRefcount(PgHdr*);
-
-/* Return the total number of pages stored in the cache */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcachePagecount(PCache*);
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-/* Iterate through all dirty pages currently stored in the cache. This
-** interface is only available if SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES is defined when the 
-** library is built.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheIterateDirty(PCache *pCache, void (*xIter)(PgHdr *));
-#endif
-
-/* Set and get the suggested cache-size for the specified pager-cache.
-**
-** If no global maximum is configured, then the system attempts to limit
-** the total number of pages cached by purgeable pager-caches to the sum
-** of the suggested cache-sizes.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheSetCachesize(PCache *, int);
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheGetCachesize(PCache *);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
-/* Try to return memory used by the pcache module to the main memory heap */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheReleaseMemory(int);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheStats(int*,int*,int*,int*);
-#endif
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PCacheSetDefault(void);
-
-#endif /* _PCACHE_H_ */
-
-/************** End of pcache.h **********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
-
-/************** Include os.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ********************/
-/************** Begin file os.h **********************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 16
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This header file (together with is companion C source-code file
-** "os.c") attempt to abstract the underlying operating system so that
-** the SQLite library will work on both POSIX and windows systems.
-**
-** This header file is #include-ed by sqliteInt.h and thus ends up
-** being included by every source file.
-*/
-#ifndef _SQLITE_OS_H_
-#define _SQLITE_OS_H_
-
-/*
-** Figure out if we are dealing with Unix, Windows, or some other
-** operating system.  After the following block of preprocess macros,
-** all of SQLITE_OS_UNIX, SQLITE_OS_WIN, SQLITE_OS_OS2, and SQLITE_OS_OTHER 
-** will defined to either 1 or 0.  One of the four will be 1.  The other 
-** three will be 0.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_OS_OTHER)
-# if SQLITE_OS_OTHER==1
-#   undef SQLITE_OS_UNIX
-#   define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
-#   undef SQLITE_OS_WIN
-#   define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
-#   undef SQLITE_OS_OS2
-#   define SQLITE_OS_OS2 0
-# else
-#   undef SQLITE_OS_OTHER
-# endif
-#endif
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OS_UNIX) && !defined(SQLITE_OS_OTHER)
-# define SQLITE_OS_OTHER 0
-# ifndef SQLITE_OS_WIN
-#   if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-#     define SQLITE_OS_WIN 1
-#     define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
-#     define SQLITE_OS_OS2 0
-#   elif defined(__EMX__) || defined(_OS2) || defined(OS2) || defined(_OS2_) || defined(__OS2__)
-#     define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
-#     define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
-#     define SQLITE_OS_OS2 1
-#   else
-#     define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
-#     define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 1
-#     define SQLITE_OS_OS2 0
-#  endif
-# else
-#  define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
-#  define SQLITE_OS_OS2 0
-# endif
-#else
-# ifndef SQLITE_OS_WIN
-#  define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
-# endif
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Determine if we are dealing with WindowsCE - which has a much
-** reduced API.
-*/
-#if defined(_WIN32_WCE)
-# define SQLITE_OS_WINCE 1
-#else
-# define SQLITE_OS_WINCE 0
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Define the maximum size of a temporary filename
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WIN
-# include <windows.h>
-# define SQLITE_TEMPNAME_SIZE (MAX_PATH+50)
-#elif SQLITE_OS_OS2
-# if (__GNUC__ > 3 || __GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3) && defined(OS2_HIGH_MEMORY)
-#  include <os2safe.h> /* has to be included before os2.h for linking to work */
-# endif
-# define INCL_DOSDATETIME
-# define INCL_DOSFILEMGR
-# define INCL_DOSERRORS
-# define INCL_DOSMISC
-# define INCL_DOSPROCESS
-# define INCL_DOSMODULEMGR
-# define INCL_DOSSEMAPHORES
-# include <os2.h>
-# include <uconv.h>
-# define SQLITE_TEMPNAME_SIZE (CCHMAXPATHCOMP)
-#else
-# define SQLITE_TEMPNAME_SIZE 200
-#endif
-
-/* If the SET_FULLSYNC macro is not defined above, then make it
-** a no-op
-*/
-#ifndef SET_FULLSYNC
-# define SET_FULLSYNC(x,y)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The default size of a disk sector
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE 512
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Temporary files are named starting with this prefix followed by 16 random
-** alphanumeric characters, and no file extension. They are stored in the
-** OS's standard temporary file directory, and are deleted prior to exit.
-** If sqlite is being embedded in another program, you may wish to change the
-** prefix to reflect your program's name, so that if your program exits
-** prematurely, old temporary files can be easily identified. This can be done
-** using -DSQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX=myprefix_ on the compiler command line.
-**
-** 2006-10-31:  The default prefix used to be "sqlite_".  But then
-** Mcafee started using SQLite in their anti-virus product and it
-** started putting files with the "sqlite" name in the c:/temp folder.
-** This annoyed many windows users.  Those users would then do a 
-** Google search for "sqlite", find the telephone numbers of the
-** developers and call to wake them up at night and complain.
-** For this reason, the default name prefix is changed to be "sqlite" 
-** spelled backwards.  So the temp files are still identified, but
-** anybody smart enough to figure out the code is also likely smart
-** enough to know that calling the developer will not help get rid
-** of the file.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX
-# define SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX "etilqs_"
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The following values may be passed as the second argument to
-** sqlite3OsLock(). The various locks exhibit the following semantics:
-**
-** SHARED:    Any number of processes may hold a SHARED lock simultaneously.
-** RESERVED:  A single process may hold a RESERVED lock on a file at
-**            any time. Other processes may hold and obtain new SHARED locks.
-** PENDING:   A single process may hold a PENDING lock on a file at
-**            any one time. Existing SHARED locks may persist, but no new
-**            SHARED locks may be obtained by other processes.
-** EXCLUSIVE: An EXCLUSIVE lock precludes all other locks.
-**
-** PENDING_LOCK may not be passed directly to sqlite3OsLock(). Instead, a
-** process that requests an EXCLUSIVE lock may actually obtain a PENDING
-** lock. This can be upgraded to an EXCLUSIVE lock by a subsequent call to
-** sqlite3OsLock().
-*/
-#define NO_LOCK         0
-#define SHARED_LOCK     1
-#define RESERVED_LOCK   2
-#define PENDING_LOCK    3
-#define EXCLUSIVE_LOCK  4
-
-/*
-** File Locking Notes:  (Mostly about windows but also some info for Unix)
-**
-** We cannot use LockFileEx() or UnlockFileEx() on Win95/98/ME because
-** those functions are not available.  So we use only LockFile() and
-** UnlockFile().
-**
-** LockFile() prevents not just writing but also reading by other processes.
-** A SHARED_LOCK is obtained by locking a single randomly-chosen 
-** byte out of a specific range of bytes. The lock byte is obtained at 
-** random so two separate readers can probably access the file at the 
-** same time, unless they are unlucky and choose the same lock byte.
-** An EXCLUSIVE_LOCK is obtained by locking all bytes in the range.
-** There can only be one writer.  A RESERVED_LOCK is obtained by locking
-** a single byte of the file that is designated as the reserved lock byte.
-** A PENDING_LOCK is obtained by locking a designated byte different from
-** the RESERVED_LOCK byte.
-**
-** On WinNT/2K/XP systems, LockFileEx() and UnlockFileEx() are available,
-** which means we can use reader/writer locks.  When reader/writer locks
-** are used, the lock is placed on the same range of bytes that is used
-** for probabilistic locking in Win95/98/ME.  Hence, the locking scheme
-** will support two or more Win95 readers or two or more WinNT readers.
-** But a single Win95 reader will lock out all WinNT readers and a single
-** WinNT reader will lock out all other Win95 readers.
-**
-** The following #defines specify the range of bytes used for locking.
-** SHARED_SIZE is the number of bytes available in the pool from which
-** a random byte is selected for a shared lock.  The pool of bytes for
-** shared locks begins at SHARED_FIRST. 
-**
-** The same locking strategy and
-** byte ranges are used for Unix.  This leaves open the possiblity of having
-** clients on win95, winNT, and unix all talking to the same shared file
-** and all locking correctly.  To do so would require that samba (or whatever
-** tool is being used for file sharing) implements locks correctly between
-** windows and unix.  I'm guessing that isn't likely to happen, but by
-** using the same locking range we are at least open to the possibility.
-**
-** Locking in windows is manditory.  For this reason, we cannot store
-** actual data in the bytes used for locking.  The pager never allocates
-** the pages involved in locking therefore.  SHARED_SIZE is selected so
-** that all locks will fit on a single page even at the minimum page size.
-** PENDING_BYTE defines the beginning of the locks.  By default PENDING_BYTE
-** is set high so that we don't have to allocate an unused page except
-** for very large databases.  But one should test the page skipping logic 
-** by setting PENDING_BYTE low and running the entire regression suite.
-**
-** Changing the value of PENDING_BYTE results in a subtly incompatible
-** file format.  Depending on how it is changed, you might not notice
-** the incompatibility right away, even running a full regression test.
-** The default location of PENDING_BYTE is the first byte past the
-** 1GB boundary.
-**
-*/
-#define PENDING_BYTE      sqlite3PendingByte
-#define RESERVED_BYTE     (PENDING_BYTE+1)
-#define SHARED_FIRST      (PENDING_BYTE+2)
-#define SHARED_SIZE       510
-
-/*
-** Wrapper around OS specific sqlite3_os_init() function.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsInit(void);
-
-/* 
-** Functions for accessing sqlite3_file methods 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsClose(sqlite3_file*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsRead(sqlite3_file*, void*, int amt, i64 offset);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsWrite(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int amt, i64 offset);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsTruncate(sqlite3_file*, i64 size);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSync(sqlite3_file*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileSize(sqlite3_file*, i64 *pSize);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsLock(sqlite3_file*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsUnlock(sqlite3_file*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileControl(sqlite3_file*,int,void*);
-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DB_UNCHANGED 0xca093fa0
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSectorSize(sqlite3_file *id);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id);
-
-/* 
-** Functions for accessing sqlite3_vfs methods 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file*, int, int *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDelete(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsAccess(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, int, int *pResOut);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFullPathname(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, int, char *);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3OsDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsDlError(sqlite3_vfs *, int, char *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void (*sqlite3OsDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *, void *, const char *))(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *, void *);
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *, int, char *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSleep(sqlite3_vfs *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs *, double*);
-
-/*
-** Convenience functions for opening and closing files using 
-** sqlite3_malloc() to obtain space for the file-handle structure.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsOpenMalloc(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file **, int,int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCloseFree(sqlite3_file *);
-
-#endif /* _SQLITE_OS_H_ */
-
-/************** End of os.h **************************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
-/************** Include mutex.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h *****************/
-/************** Begin file mutex.h *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 August 28
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains the common header for all mutex implementations.
-** The sqliteInt.h header #includes this file so that it is available
-** to all source files.  We break it out in an effort to keep the code
-** better organized.
-**
-** NOTE:  source files should *not* #include this header file directly.
-** Source files should #include the sqliteInt.h file and let that file
-** include this one indirectly.
-*/
-
-
-/*
-** Figure out what version of the code to use.  The choices are
-**
-**   SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT         No mutex logic.  Not even stubs.  The
-**                             mutexes implemention cannot be overridden
-**                             at start-time.
-**
-**   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP         For single-threaded applications.  No
-**                             mutual exclusion is provided.  But this
-**                             implementation can be overridden at
-**                             start-time.
-**
-**   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS     For multi-threaded applications on Unix.
-**
-**   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32          For multi-threaded applications on Win32.
-**
-**   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2          For multi-threaded applications on OS/2.
-*/
-#if !SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-# define SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
-#  if SQLITE_OS_UNIX
-#    define SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
-#  elif SQLITE_OS_WIN
-#    define SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
-#  elif SQLITE_OS_OS2
-#    define SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
-#  else
-#    define SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
-/*
-** If this is a no-op implementation, implement everything as macros.
-*/
-#define sqlite3_mutex_alloc(X)    ((sqlite3_mutex*)8)
-#define sqlite3_mutex_free(X)
-#define sqlite3_mutex_enter(X)
-#define sqlite3_mutex_try(X)      SQLITE_OK
-#define sqlite3_mutex_leave(X)
-#define sqlite3_mutex_held(X)     1
-#define sqlite3_mutex_notheld(X)  1
-#define sqlite3MutexAlloc(X)      ((sqlite3_mutex*)8)
-#define sqlite3MutexInit()        SQLITE_OK
-#define sqlite3MutexEnd()
-#endif /* defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) */
-
-/************** End of mutex.h ***********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
-
-
-/*
-** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
-** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
-** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
-** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
-** databases may be attached.
-*/
-struct Db {
-  char *zName;         /* Name of this database */
-  Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
-  u8 inTrans;          /* 0: not writable.  1: Transaction.  2: Checkpoint */
-  u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
-  Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
-**
-** If there are no virtual tables configured in this schema, the
-** Schema.db variable is set to NULL. After the first virtual table
-** has been added, it is set to point to the database connection 
-** used to create the connection. Once a virtual table has been
-** added to the Schema structure and the Schema.db variable populated, 
-** only that database connection may use the Schema to prepare 
-** statements.
-*/
-struct Schema {
-  int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
-  Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
-  Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
-  Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
-  Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
-  Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
-  u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
-  u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
-  u16 flags;           /* Flags associated with this schema */
-  int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  sqlite3 *db;         /* "Owner" connection. See comment above */
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the 
-** Db.pSchema->flags field.
-*/
-#define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->flags&(P))==(P))
-#define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->flags&(P))!=0)
-#define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->flags|=(P)
-#define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->flags&=~(P)
-
-/*
-** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
-**
-** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
-** read into internal hash tables.
-**
-** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
-** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
-** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
-*/
-#define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
-#define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
-#define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
-
-/*
-** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
-** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH+1)
-
-/*
-** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
-** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
-** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
-** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
-** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
-** SQL statements.
-**
-** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
-** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
-** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
-** objects.
-**
-** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
-** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
-** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
-** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
-** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
-** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
-*/
-struct Lookaside {
-  u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
-  u8 bEnabled;            /* False to disable new lookaside allocations */
-  u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
-  int nOut;               /* Number of buffers currently checked out */
-  int mxOut;              /* Highwater mark for nOut */
-  LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
-  void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
-  void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
-};
-struct LookasideSlot {
-  LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
-};
-
-/*
-** A hash table for function definitions.
-**
-** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
-** Collisions are on the FuncDef.pHash chain.
-*/
-struct FuncDefHash {
-  FuncDef *a[23];       /* Hash table for functions */
-};
-
-/*
-** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
-**
-** The sqlite.lastRowid records the last insert rowid generated by an
-** insert statement.  Inserts on views do not affect its value.  Each
-** trigger has its own context, so that lastRowid can be updated inside
-** triggers as usual.  The previous value will be restored once the trigger
-** exits.  Upon entering a before or instead of trigger, lastRowid is no
-** longer (since after version 2.8.12) reset to -1.
-**
-** The sqlite.nChange does not count changes within triggers and keeps no
-** context.  It is reset at start of sqlite3_exec.
-** The sqlite.lsChange represents the number of changes made by the last
-** insert, update, or delete statement.  It remains constant throughout the
-** length of a statement and is then updated by OP_SetCounts.  It keeps a
-** context stack just like lastRowid so that the count of changes
-** within a trigger is not seen outside the trigger.  Changes to views do not
-** affect the value of lsChange.
-** The sqlite.csChange keeps track of the number of current changes (since
-** the last statement) and is used to update sqlite_lsChange.
-**
-** The member variables sqlite.errCode, sqlite.zErrMsg and sqlite.zErrMsg16
-** store the most recent error code and, if applicable, string. The
-** internal function sqlite3Error() is used to set these variables
-** consistently.
-*/
-struct sqlite3 {
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
-  int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
-  Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
-  int flags;                    /* Miscellaneous flags. See below */
-  int openFlags;                /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
-  int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
-  int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
-  u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
-  u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
-  u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
-  u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
-  u8 dfltJournalMode;           /* Default journal mode for attached dbs */
-  signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
-  u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
-  int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
-  int nTable;                   /* Number of tables in the database */
-  CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
-  i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
-  u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
-  int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
-  int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
-  int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
-  struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
-    int iDb;                    /* When back is being initialized */
-    int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
-    u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
-    u8 orphanTrigger;           /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
-  } init;
-  int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
-  void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
-  struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
-  int activeVdbeCnt;            /* Number of VDBEs currently executing */
-  int writeVdbeCnt;             /* Number of active VDBEs that are writing */
-  void (*xTrace)(void*,const char*);        /* Trace function */
-  void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
-  void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
-  void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
-  void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */   
-  int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
-  void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */   
-  void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
-  void *pUpdateArg;
-  void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
-  void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
-  void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
-  void *pCollNeededArg;
-  sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
-  char *zErrMsg;                /* Most recent error message (UTF-8 encoded) */
-  char *zErrMsg16;              /* Most recent error message (UTF-16 encoded) */
-  union {
-    volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
-    double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
-  } u1;
-  Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*);
-                                /* Access authorization function */
-  void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
-  void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
-  int nProgressOps;             /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
-  Table *pVTab;                 /* vtab with active Connect/Create method */
-  VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
-  int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
-  VTable *pDisconnect;    /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
-#endif
-  FuncDefHash aFunc;            /* Hash table of connection functions */
-  Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
-  BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
-  int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
-  Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
-  Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
-  int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
-  int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
-  u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
-  i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
-  /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER 
-  ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c. 
-  **
-  ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
-  ** unlock so that it can proceed.
-  **
-  ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
-  ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
-  ** held by Y.
-  */
-  sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
-  sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
-  void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
-  void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
-  sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
-*/
-#define ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
-
-/*
-** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x00000100  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
-#define SQLITE_InternChanges  0x00000200  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
-#define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000400  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
-#define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000800  /* Show short columns names */
-#define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00001000  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
-                                          /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
-                                          /*   the count using a callback. */
-#define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00002000  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
-                                          /*   result set is empty */
-#define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x00004000  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x00008000  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
-#define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00010000  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
-#define SQLITE_NoReadlock     0x00020000  /* Readlocks are omitted when 
-                                          ** accessing read-only databases */
-#define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00040000  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
-#define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x0080000  /* For shared-cache mode */
-#define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00100000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
-#define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00200000  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
-#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00400000  /* Enable load_extension */
-#define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00800000  /* Ignore schema errors */
-#define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x01000000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
-#define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x02000000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
-#define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x04000000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
-
-/*
-** Bits of the sqlite3.flags field that are used by the
-** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface.
-** These must be the low-order bits of the flags field.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x01        /* Disable query flattening */
-#define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x02        /* Disable the column cache */
-#define SQLITE_IndexSort      0x04        /* Disable indexes for sorting */
-#define SQLITE_IndexSearch    0x08        /* Disable indexes for searching */
-#define SQLITE_IndexCover     0x10        /* Disable index covering table */
-#define SQLITE_OptMask        0x1f        /* Mask of all disablable opts */
-
-/*
-** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
-** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
-** than being distinct from one another.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
-#define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
-#define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
-#define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
-#define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
-
-/*
-** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
-** structure.  A pointer to this structure is stored in the sqlite.aFunc
-** hash table.  When multiple functions have the same name, the hash table
-** points to a linked list of these structures.
-*/
-struct FuncDef {
-  i16 nArg;            /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
-  u8 iPrefEnc;         /* Preferred text encoding (SQLITE_UTF8, 16LE, 16BE) */
-  u8 flags;            /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
-  void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
-  FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* Regular function */
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* Aggregate step */
-  void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                /* Aggregate finalizer */
-  char *zName;         /* SQL name of the function. */
-  FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
-};
-
-/*
-** Possible values for FuncDef.flags
-*/
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x01 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x02 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x04 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x08 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called */
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_PRIVATE  0x10 /* Allowed for internal use only */
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x20 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x40 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() function */
-
-/*
-** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
-** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
-**
-**   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
-**     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName 
-**     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
-**     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
-**     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If 
-**     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
-**
-**   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
-**     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
-**     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
-**     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
-**     FUNCTION().
-**
-**   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
-**     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName 
-**     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C 
-**     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
-**     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
-**     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
-**     parameter.
-*/
-#define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
-  {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL, \
-   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, #zName, 0}
-#define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
-  {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL, \
-   pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, #zName, 0}
-#define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
-  {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, flags, (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, #zName, 0}
-#define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal) \
-  {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL, \
-   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName,0}
-
-/*
-** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
-** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
-** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
-** OP_Savepoint instruction.
-*/
-struct Savepoint {
-  char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
-  i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
-  Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
-};
-
-/*
-** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
-** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
-*/
-#define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
-#define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
-#define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
-
-
-/*
-** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
-** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
-** hash table.
-*/
-struct Module {
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
-  const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
-  void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
-  void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
-};
-
-/*
-** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
-** of this structure.
-*/
-struct Column {
-  char *zName;     /* Name of this column */
-  Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
-  char *zDflt;     /* Original text of the default value */
-  char *zType;     /* Data type for this column */
-  char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
-  u8 notNull;      /* True if there is a NOT NULL constraint */
-  u8 isPrimKey;    /* True if this column is part of the PRIMARY KEY */
-  char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  u8 isHidden;     /* True if this column is 'hidden' */
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
-** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
-** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
-**
-** There may two separate implementations of the collation function, one
-** that processes text in UTF-8 encoding (CollSeq.xCmp) and another that
-** processes text encoded in UTF-16 (CollSeq.xCmp16), using the machine
-** native byte order. When a collation sequence is invoked, SQLite selects
-** the version that will require the least expensive encoding
-** translations, if any.
-**
-** The CollSeq.pUser member variable is an extra parameter that passed in
-** as the first argument to the UTF-8 comparison function, xCmp.
-** CollSeq.pUser16 is the equivalent for the UTF-16 comparison function,
-** xCmp16.
-**
-** If both CollSeq.xCmp and CollSeq.xCmp16 are NULL, it means that the
-** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
-** collating sequence may not be read or written.
-*/
-struct CollSeq {
-  char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
-  u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
-  u8 type;              /* One of the SQLITE_COLL_... values below */
-  void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
-  int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
-  void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
-};
-
-/*
-** Allowed values of CollSeq.type:
-*/
-#define SQLITE_COLL_BINARY  1  /* The default memcmp() collating sequence */
-#define SQLITE_COLL_NOCASE  2  /* The built-in NOCASE collating sequence */
-#define SQLITE_COLL_REVERSE 3  /* The built-in REVERSE collating sequence */
-#define SQLITE_COLL_USER    0  /* Any other user-defined collating sequence */
-
-/*
-** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
-#define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
-
-/*
-** Column affinity types.
-**
-** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
-** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
-** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.  
-**
-** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'a'.  That way,
-** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
-** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
-**
-** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
-** for a numeric type is a single comparison.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'a'
-#define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     'b'
-#define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'c'
-#define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'd'
-#define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'e'
-
-#define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
-
-/*
-** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
-** affinity value. 
-*/
-#define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x67
-
-/*
-** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
-** changing the affinity.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x08  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
-#define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x10  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
-#define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
-
-/*
-** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
-** the database schema. 
-**
-** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
-** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
-** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
-** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table 
-** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between 
-** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database 
-** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
-** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
-** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
-** then used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables 
-** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers 
-** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database 
-** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
-**
-** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
-** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
-** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
-** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
-** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
-** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
-** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
-**
-** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
-** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not 
-** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed 
-** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
-** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
-** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected 
-** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
-** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
-** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
-** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
-** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
-**
-** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by 
-** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as 
-** the first argument.
-*/
-struct VTable {
-  sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
-  Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
-  int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
-  VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
-};
-
-/*
-** Each SQL table is represented in memory by an instance of the
-** following structure.
-**
-** Table.zName is the name of the table.  The case of the original
-** CREATE TABLE statement is stored, but case is not significant for
-** comparisons.
-**
-** Table.nCol is the number of columns in this table.  Table.aCol is a
-** pointer to an array of Column structures, one for each column.
-**
-** If the table has an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, then Table.iPKey is the index of
-** the column that is that key.   Otherwise Table.iPKey is negative.  Note
-** that the datatype of the PRIMARY KEY must be INTEGER for this field to
-** be set.  An INTEGER PRIMARY KEY is used as the rowid for each row of
-** the table.  If a table has no INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, then a random rowid
-** is generated for each row of the table.  TF_HasPrimaryKey is set if
-** the table has any PRIMARY KEY, INTEGER or otherwise.
-**
-** Table.tnum is the page number for the root BTree page of the table in the
-** database file.  If Table.iDb is the index of the database table backend
-** in sqlite.aDb[].  0 is for the main database and 1 is for the file that
-** holds temporary tables and indices.  If TF_Ephemeral is set
-** then the table is stored in a file that is automatically deleted
-** when the VDBE cursor to the table is closed.  In this case Table.tnum 
-** refers VDBE cursor number that holds the table open, not to the root
-** page number.  Transient tables are used to hold the results of a
-** sub-query that appears instead of a real table name in the FROM clause 
-** of a SELECT statement.
-*/
-struct Table {
-  sqlite3 *dbMem;      /* DB connection used for lookaside allocations. */
-  char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
-  int iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the primary key */
-  int nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
-  Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
-  Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
-  int tnum;            /* Root BTree node for this table (see note above) */
-  Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
-  u16 nRef;            /* Number of pointers to this Table */
-  u8 tabFlags;         /* Mask of TF_* values */
-  u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
-  FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
-  char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-  Expr *pCheck;        /* The AND of all CHECK constraints */
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
-  int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
-  int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
-  char **azModuleArg;  /* Text of all module args. [0] is module name */
-#endif
-  Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
-  Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
-  Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
-};
-
-/*
-** Allowed values for Tabe.tabFlags.
-*/
-#define TF_Readonly        0x01    /* Read-only system table */
-#define TF_Ephemeral       0x02    /* An ephemeral table */
-#define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x04    /* Table has a primary key */
-#define TF_Autoincrement   0x08    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
-#define TF_Virtual         0x10    /* Is a virtual table */
-#define TF_NeedMetadata    0x20    /* aCol[].zType and aCol[].pColl missing */
-
-
-
-/*
-** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
-** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
-** table support is omitted from the build.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-#  define IsVirtual(X)      (((X)->tabFlags & TF_Virtual)!=0)
-#  define IsHiddenColumn(X) ((X)->isHidden)
-#else
-#  define IsVirtual(X)      0
-#  define IsHiddenColumn(X) 0
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
-**
-** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
-** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
-** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
-** Consider this example:
-**
-**     CREATE TABLE ex1(
-**       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-**       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
-**     );
-**
-** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
-**
-** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
-** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
-** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
-*/
-struct FKey {
-  Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
-  FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next foreign key in pFrom */
-  char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
-  FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next foreign key on table named zTo */
-  FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous foreign key on table named zTo */
-  int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
-  /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
-  u8 isDeferred;    /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
-  u8 aAction[2];          /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
-  Trigger *apTrigger[2];  /* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
-  struct sColMap {  /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
-    int iFrom;         /* Index of column in pFrom */
-    char *zCol;        /* Name of column in zTo.  If 0 use PRIMARY KEY */
-  } aCol[1];        /* One entry for each of nCol column s */
-};
-
-/*
-** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
-** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
-** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
-** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
-** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
-** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
-** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
-** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
-** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
-** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
-** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
-** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
-** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
-**
-** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
-** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
-** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
-** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
-** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
-** foreign key.
-** 
-** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
-** of action to take.
-*/
-#define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
-#define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
-#define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
-#define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
-#define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
-#define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
-
-#define OE_Restrict 6   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
-#define OE_SetNull  7   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
-#define OE_SetDflt  8   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
-#define OE_Cascade  9   /* Cascade the changes */
-
-#define OE_Default  99  /* Do whatever the default action is */
-
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
-** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the 
-** comparison of the two index keys.
-*/
-struct KeyInfo {
-  sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
-  u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the TEXT_Utf* values */
-  u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in aColl[] */
-  u8 *aSortOrder;     /* If defined an aSortOrder[i] is true, sort DESC */
-  CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure holds information about a
-** single index record that has already been parsed out into individual
-** values.
-**
-** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
-** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
-** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
-** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
-** OP_Column opcode.
-**
-** This structure holds a record that has already been disassembled
-** into its constituent fields.
-*/
-struct UnpackedRecord {
-  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
-  u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
-  u16 flags;          /* Boolean settings.  UNPACKED_... below */
-  i64 rowid;          /* Used by UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH */
-  Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
-};
-
-/*
-** Allowed values of UnpackedRecord.flags
-*/
-#define UNPACKED_NEED_FREE     0x0001  /* Memory is from sqlite3Malloc() */
-#define UNPACKED_NEED_DESTROY  0x0002  /* apMem[]s should all be destroyed */
-#define UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID  0x0004  /* Ignore trailing rowid on key1 */
-#define UNPACKED_INCRKEY       0x0008  /* Make this key an epsilon larger */
-#define UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH  0x0010  /* A prefix match is considered OK */
-#define UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH 0x0020  /* A prefix match is considered OK */
-
-/*
-** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
-** instance of the following structure.
-**
-** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
-** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
-** we have the following table and index:
-**
-**     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
-**     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
-**
-** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
-** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
-** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
-** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the 
-** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
-** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
-** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
-**
-** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
-** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
-** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
-** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution 
-** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
-** element.
-*/
-struct Index {
-  char *zName;     /* Name of this index */
-  int nColumn;     /* Number of columns in the table used by this index */
-  int *aiColumn;   /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
-  unsigned *aiRowEst; /* Result of ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
-  Table *pTable;   /* The SQL table being indexed */
-  int tnum;        /* Page containing root of this index in database file */
-  u8 onError;      /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
-  u8 autoIndex;    /* True if is automatically created (ex: by UNIQUE) */
-  char *zColAff;   /* String defining the affinity of each column */
-  Index *pNext;    /* The next index associated with the same table */
-  Schema *pSchema; /* Schema containing this index */
-  u8 *aSortOrder;  /* Array of size Index.nColumn. True==DESC, False==ASC */
-  char **azColl;   /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
-  IndexSample *aSample;    /* Array of SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES samples */
-};
-
-/*
-** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat2 table is represented in memory 
-** using a structure of this type.
-*/
-struct IndexSample {
-  union {
-    char *z;        /* Value if eType is SQLITE_TEXT or SQLITE_BLOB */
-    double r;       /* Value if eType is SQLITE_FLOAT or SQLITE_INTEGER */
-  } u;
-  u8 eType;         /* SQLITE_NULL, SQLITE_INTEGER ... etc. */
-  u8 nByte;         /* Size in byte of text or blob. */
-};
-
-/*
-** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
-** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
-**
-** Note if Token.z==0 then Token.dyn and Token.n are undefined and
-** may contain random values.  Do not make any assumptions about Token.dyn
-** and Token.n when Token.z==0.
-*/
-struct Token {
-  const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
-  unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
-** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
-**
-** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
-** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
-** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
-** code for that node.
-**
-** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
-** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
-** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
-*/
-struct AggInfo {
-  u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
-                          ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
-  u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
-                          ** than the source table */
-  int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
-  ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
-  int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
-  struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
-    Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
-    int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
-    int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
-    int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
-    int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
-    Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
-  } *aCol;
-  int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
-  int nColumnAlloc;       /* Number of slots allocated for aCol[] */
-  int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
-                          ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
-                          ** aggregate functions */
-  struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
-    Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
-    FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
-    int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
-    int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
-  } *aFunc;
-  int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
-  int nFuncAlloc;         /* Number of slots allocated for aFunc[] */
-};
-
-/*
-** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
-** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
-** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
-** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
-** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
-** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
-** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
-** the option is available (at compile-time).
-*/
-#if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
-typedef i16 ynVar;
-#else
-typedef int ynVar;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
-** of this structure.
-**
-** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
-** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
-** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
-** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
-** tree.
-**
-** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB, 
-** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
-** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the 
-** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
-** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
-**
-** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
-** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
-**
-** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
-** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
-** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
-** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
-** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is 
-** valid.
-**
-** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
-** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
-** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
-** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
-** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
-** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
-** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
-**
-** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark 
-** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index 
-** number for that variable.
-**
-** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
-** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
-** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
-** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
-** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
-**
-** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
-** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
-** corresponding table definition.
-**
-** ALLOCATION NOTES:
-**
-** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
-** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
-** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
-** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
-** together with Expr.zToken strings.
-**
-** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
-** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
-** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
-** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
-** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
-** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
-*/
-struct Expr {
-  u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
-  char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
-  u16 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
-  union {
-    char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
-    int iValue;            /* Integer value if EP_IntValue */
-  } u;
-
-  /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
-  ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
-  ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction. 
-  *********************************************************************/
-
-  Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
-  Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
-  union {
-    ExprList *pList;     /* Function arguments or in "<expr> IN (<expr-list)" */
-    Select *pSelect;     /* Used for sub-selects and "<expr> IN (<select>)" */
-  } x;
-  CollSeq *pColl;        /* The collation type of the column or 0 */
-
-  /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
-  ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
-  ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
-  *********************************************************************/
-
-  int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
-                         ** TK_REGISTER: register number
-                         ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old */
-  ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
-                         ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1). */
-  i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
-  i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
-  u8 flags2;             /* Second set of flags.  EP2_... */
-  u8 op2;                /* If a TK_REGISTER, the original value of Expr.op */
-  AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
-  Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
-#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-  int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
-*/
-#define EP_FromJoin   0x0001  /* Originated in ON or USING clause of a join */
-#define EP_Agg        0x0002  /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
-#define EP_Resolved   0x0004  /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
-#define EP_Error      0x0008  /* Expression contains one or more errors */
-#define EP_Distinct   0x0010  /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
-#define EP_VarSelect  0x0020  /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
-#define EP_DblQuoted  0x0040  /* token.z was originally in "..." */
-#define EP_InfixFunc  0x0080  /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
-#define EP_ExpCollate 0x0100  /* Collating sequence specified explicitly */
-#define EP_FixedDest  0x0200  /* Result needed in a specific register */
-#define EP_IntValue   0x0400  /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
-#define EP_xIsSelect  0x0800  /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
-
-#define EP_Reduced    0x1000  /* Expr struct is EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
-#define EP_TokenOnly  0x2000  /* Expr struct is EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
-#define EP_Static     0x4000  /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
-
-/*
-** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags2 field.
-*/
-#define EP2_MallocedToken  0x0001  /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
-#define EP2_Irreducible    0x0002  /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
-
-/*
-** The pseudo-routine sqlite3ExprSetIrreducible sets the EP2_Irreducible
-** flag on an expression structure.  This flag is used for VV&A only.  The
-** routine is implemented as a macro that only works when in debugging mode,
-** so as not to burden production code.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-# define ExprSetIrreducible(X)  (X)->flags2 |= EP2_Irreducible
-#else
-# define ExprSetIrreducible(X)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the 
-** Expr.flags field.
-*/
-#define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
-#define ExprHasAnyProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
-#define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
-#define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
-
-/*
-** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr 
-** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags 
-** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
-*/
-#define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
-#define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
-#define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
-
-/*
-** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment 
-** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
-*/
-#define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
-
-/*
-** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
-** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
-** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
-** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
-** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
-** field is not used.
-*/
-struct ExprList {
-  int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
-  int nAlloc;            /* Number of entries allocated below */
-  int iECursor;          /* VDBE Cursor associated with this ExprList */
-  struct ExprList_item {
-    Expr *pExpr;           /* The list of expressions */
-    char *zName;           /* Token associated with this expression */
-    char *zSpan;           /* Original text of the expression */
-    u8 sortOrder;          /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
-    u8 done;               /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
-    u16 iCol;              /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
-    u16 iAlias;            /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
-  } *a;                  /* One entry for each expression */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of this structure is used by the parser to record both
-** the parse tree for an expression and the span of input text for an
-** expression.
-*/
-struct ExprSpan {
-  Expr *pExpr;          /* The expression parse tree */
-  const char *zStart;   /* First character of input text */
-  const char *zEnd;     /* One character past the end of input text */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
-** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
-**
-**      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
-**      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
-**      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
-**
-** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
-** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
-**
-**     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
-**
-** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
-*/
-struct IdList {
-  struct IdList_item {
-    char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
-    int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
-  } *a;
-  int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
-  int nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated for a[] below */
-};
-
-/*
-** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
-**
-** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
-** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
-** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
-*/
-typedef u64 Bitmask;
-
-/*
-** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
-*/
-#define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
-
-/*
-** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
-** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
-** the SrcList.a[] array.
-**
-** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
-** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
-** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
-** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
-** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
-**
-** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
-** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
-** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
-** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
-*/
-struct SrcList {
-  i16 nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
-  i16 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
-  struct SrcList_item {
-    char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
-    char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
-    char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
-    Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
-    Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
-    u8 isPopulated;   /* Temporary table associated with SELECT is populated */
-    u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this able and the previous */
-    u8 notIndexed;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
-    int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
-    Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
-    IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
-    Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
-    char *zIndex;     /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
-    Index *pIndex;    /* Index structure corresponding to zIndex, if any */
-  } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
-};
-
-/*
-** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
-*/
-#define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
-#define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
-#define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
-#define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
-#define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
-#define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
-#define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
-
-
-/*
-** A WherePlan object holds information that describes a lookup
-** strategy.
-**
-** This object is intended to be opaque outside of the where.c module.
-** It is included here only so that that compiler will know how big it
-** is.  None of the fields in this object should be used outside of
-** the where.c module.
-**
-** Within the union, pIdx is only used when wsFlags&WHERE_INDEXED is true.
-** pTerm is only used when wsFlags&WHERE_MULTI_OR is true.  And pVtabIdx
-** is only used when wsFlags&WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE is true.  It is never the
-** case that more than one of these conditions is true.
-*/
-struct WherePlan {
-  u32 wsFlags;                   /* WHERE_* flags that describe the strategy */
-  u32 nEq;                       /* Number of == constraints */
-  union {
-    Index *pIdx;                   /* Index when WHERE_INDEXED is true */
-    struct WhereTerm *pTerm;       /* WHERE clause term for OR-search */
-    sqlite3_index_info *pVtabIdx;  /* Virtual table index to use */
-  } u;
-};
-
-/*
-** For each nested loop in a WHERE clause implementation, the WhereInfo
-** structure contains a single instance of this structure.  This structure
-** is intended to be private the the where.c module and should not be
-** access or modified by other modules.
-**
-** The pIdxInfo field is used to help pick the best index on a
-** virtual table.  The pIdxInfo pointer contains indexing
-** information for the i-th table in the FROM clause before reordering.
-** All the pIdxInfo pointers are freed by whereInfoFree() in where.c.
-** All other information in the i-th WhereLevel object for the i-th table
-** after FROM clause ordering.
-*/
-struct WhereLevel {
-  WherePlan plan;       /* query plan for this element of the FROM clause */
-  int iLeftJoin;        /* Memory cell used to implement LEFT OUTER JOIN */
-  int iTabCur;          /* The VDBE cursor used to access the table */
-  int iIdxCur;          /* The VDBE cursor used to access pIdx */
-  int addrBrk;          /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
-  int addrNxt;          /* Jump here to start the next IN combination */
-  int addrCont;         /* Jump here to continue with the next loop cycle */
-  int addrFirst;        /* First instruction of interior of the loop */
-  u8 iFrom;             /* Which entry in the FROM clause */
-  u8 op, p5;            /* Opcode and P5 of the opcode that ends the loop */
-  int p1, p2;           /* Operands of the opcode used to ends the loop */
-  union {               /* Information that depends on plan.wsFlags */
-    struct {
-      int nIn;              /* Number of entries in aInLoop[] */
-      struct InLoop {
-        int iCur;              /* The VDBE cursor used by this IN operator */
-        int addrInTop;         /* Top of the IN loop */
-      } *aInLoop;           /* Information about each nested IN operator */
-    } in;                 /* Used when plan.wsFlags&WHERE_IN_ABLE */
-  } u;
-
-  /* The following field is really not part of the current level.  But
-  ** we need a place to cache virtual table index information for each
-  ** virtual table in the FROM clause and the WhereLevel structure is
-  ** a convenient place since there is one WhereLevel for each FROM clause
-  ** element.
-  */
-  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo;  /* Index info for n-th source table */
-};
-
-/*
-** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
-** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
-*/
-#define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
-#define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
-#define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
-#define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
-#define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0008 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
-#define WHERE_OMIT_OPEN        0x0010 /* Table cursor are already open */
-#define WHERE_OMIT_CLOSE       0x0020 /* Omit close of table & index cursors */
-#define WHERE_FORCE_TABLE      0x0040 /* Do not use an index-only search */
-#define WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY    0x0080 /* Only code the 1st table in pTabList */
-
-/*
-** The WHERE clause processing routine has two halves.  The
-** first part does the start of the WHERE loop and the second
-** half does the tail of the WHERE loop.  An instance of
-** this structure is returned by the first half and passed
-** into the second half to give some continuity.
-*/
-struct WhereInfo {
-  Parse *pParse;       /* Parsing and code generating context */
-  u16 wctrlFlags;      /* Flags originally passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
-  u8 okOnePass;        /* Ok to use one-pass algorithm for UPDATE or DELETE */
-  u8 untestedTerms;    /* Not all WHERE terms resolved by outer loop */
-  SrcList *pTabList;             /* List of tables in the join */
-  int iTop;                      /* The very beginning of the WHERE loop */
-  int iContinue;                 /* Jump here to continue with next record */
-  int iBreak;                    /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
-  int nLevel;                    /* Number of nested loop */
-  struct WhereClause *pWC;       /* Decomposition of the WHERE clause */
-  WhereLevel a[1];               /* Information about each nest loop in WHERE */
-};
-
-/*
-** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
-** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
-** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
-** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
-** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
-** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
-** other statements.
-**
-** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most 
-** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
-** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
-** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
-** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
-** the context containing the match is incremented. 
-**
-** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
-** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
-** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
-** subqueries looking for a match.
-*/
-struct NameContext {
-  Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
-  SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
-  ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of named expressions */
-  int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
-  int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
-  u8 allowAgg;         /* Aggregate functions allowed here */
-  u8 hasAgg;           /* True if aggregates are seen */
-  u8 isCheck;          /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
-  int nDepth;          /* Depth of subquery recursion. 1 for no recursion */
-  AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
-  NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure contains all information
-** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
-**
-** nLimit is set to -1 if there is no LIMIT clause.  nOffset is set to 0.
-** If there is a LIMIT clause, the parser sets nLimit to the value of the
-** limit and nOffset to the value of the offset (or 0 if there is not
-** offset).  But later on, nLimit and nOffset become the memory locations
-** in the VDBE that record the limit and offset counters.
-**
-** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
-** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
-** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
-** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
-** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
-** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
-** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
-** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[2] contains collating
-** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
-*/
-struct Select {
-  ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
-  u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
-  char affinity;         /* MakeRecord with this affinity for SRT_Set */
-  u16 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
-  SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
-  Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
-  ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
-  Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
-  Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
-  Select *pRightmost;    /* Right-most select in a compound select statement */
-  Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
-  Expr *pOffset;         /* OFFSET expression. NULL means not used. */
-  int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
-  int addrOpenEphm[3];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
-};
-
-/*
-** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
-** "Select Flag".
-*/
-#define SF_Distinct        0x0001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
-#define SF_Resolved        0x0002  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
-#define SF_Aggregate       0x0004  /* Contains aggregate functions */
-#define SF_UsesEphemeral   0x0008  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
-#define SF_Expanded        0x0010  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
-#define SF_HasTypeInfo     0x0020  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
-
-
-/*
-** The results of a select can be distributed in several ways.  The
-** "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result Type".
-*/
-#define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
-#define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
-#define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
-#define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
-
-/* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
-#define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_Discard)
-
-#define SRT_Output       5  /* Output each row of result */
-#define SRT_Mem          6  /* Store result in a memory cell */
-#define SRT_Set          7  /* Store results as keys in an index */
-#define SRT_Table        8  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
-#define SRT_EphemTab     9  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
-#define SRT_Coroutine   10  /* Generate a single row of result */
-
-/*
-** A structure used to customize the behavior of sqlite3Select(). See
-** comments above sqlite3Select() for details.
-*/
-typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
-struct SelectDest {
-  u8 eDest;         /* How to dispose of the results */
-  u8 affinity;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
-  int iParm;        /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
-  int iMem;         /* Base register where results are written */
-  int nMem;         /* Number of registers allocated */
-};
-
-/*
-** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT 
-** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
-** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
-** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
-** information in case inserts are down within triggers.  Triggers do not
-** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
-** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
-*/
-struct AutoincInfo {
-  AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
-  Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
-  int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
-  int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
-};
-
-/*
-** Size of the column cache
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_N_COLCACHE
-# define SQLITE_N_COLCACHE 10
-#endif
-
-/*
-** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each 
-** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
-** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
-** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
-** completed.
-**
-** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
-** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
-** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
-** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
-** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
-**
-** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
-** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT 
-** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
-** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
-*/
-struct TriggerPrg {
-  Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
-  int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
-  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
-  u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
-  TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
-};
-
-/*
-** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
-** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
-** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
-**
-** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
-** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
-** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
-** each recursion.
-**
-** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache 
-** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
-** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
-** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
-** list.
-*/
-struct Parse {
-  sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
-  int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
-  char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
-  Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
-  u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
-  u8 nameClash;        /* A permanent table name clashes with temp table name */
-  u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
-  u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
-  u8 parseError;       /* True after a parsing error.  Ticket #1794 */
-  u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
-  u8 nTempInUse;       /* Number of aTempReg[] currently checked out */
-  int aTempReg[8];     /* Holding area for temporary registers */
-  int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
-  int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
-  int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
-  int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
-  int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
-  int nSet;            /* Number of sets used so far */
-  int ckBase;          /* Base register of data during check constraints */
-  int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
-  int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
-  u8 nColCache;        /* Number of entries in the column cache */
-  u8 iColCache;        /* Next entry of the cache to replace */
-  struct yColCache {
-    int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
-    int iColumn;          /* Table column number */
-    u8 tempReg;           /* iReg is a temp register that needs to be freed */
-    int iLevel;           /* Nesting level */
-    int iReg;             /* Reg with value of this column. 0 means none. */
-    int lru;              /* Least recently used entry has the smallest value */
-  } aColCache[SQLITE_N_COLCACHE];  /* One for each column cache entry */
-  u32 writeMask;       /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
-  u32 cookieMask;      /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
-  u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may affect/insert multiple rows */
-  u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
-  int cookieGoto;      /* Address of OP_Goto to cookie verifier subroutine */
-  int cookieValue[SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2];  /* Values of cookies to verify */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
-  TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
-#endif
-  int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
-  int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
-  AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
-  int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
-
-  /* Information used while coding trigger programs. */
-  Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
-  Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
-  u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
-  u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
-  u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
-  u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
-  u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
-
-  /* Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
-  ** each recursion */
-
-  int nVar;            /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
-  int nVarExpr;        /* Number of used slots in apVarExpr[] */
-  int nVarExprAlloc;   /* Number of allocated slots in apVarExpr[] */
-  Expr **apVarExpr;    /* Pointers to :aaa and $aaaa wildcard expressions */
-  Vdbe *pReprepare;    /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
-  int nAlias;          /* Number of aliased result set columns */
-  int nAliasAlloc;     /* Number of allocated slots for aAlias[] */
-  int *aAlias;         /* Register used to hold aliased result */
-  u8 explain;          /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
-  Token sNameToken;    /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
-  Token sLastToken;    /* The last token parsed */
-  const char *zTail;   /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
-  Table *pNewTable;    /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
-  Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
-  const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  Token sArg;                /* Complete text of a module argument */
-  u8 declareVtab;            /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
-  int nVtabLock;             /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
-  Table **apVtabLock;        /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
-#endif
-  int nHeight;            /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
-  Table *pZombieTab;      /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
-  TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;    /* Linked list of coded triggers */
-};
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
-#else
-  #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->declareVtab)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
-** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
-*/
-struct AuthContext {
-  const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
-  Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
-};
-
-/*
-** Bitfield flags for P5 value in OP_Insert and OP_Delete
-*/
-#define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* Set to update db->nChange */
-#define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x02    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
-#define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
-#define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
-#define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
-#define OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE    0x20    /* Clear pseudo-table cache in OP_Column */
-
-/*
- * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
- * struct Trigger. 
- *
- * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
- * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the 
- *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
- * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
- *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
- *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
- *    struct Table.
- *
- * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
- * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
- */
-struct Trigger {
-  char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
-  char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
-  u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
-  u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
-  Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
-  IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
-                             the <column-list> is stored here */
-  Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
-  Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
-  TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
-  Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
-};
-
-/*
-** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
-** determine which. 
-**
-** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
-** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
-*/
-#define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
-#define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
-
-/*
- * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
- * that is a part of a trigger-program. 
- *
- * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
- * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the 
- * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
- * the first step of the trigger-program.
- * 
- * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
- * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the 
- * value of "op" as follows:
- *
- * (op == TK_INSERT)
- * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
- * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
- *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
- * target    -> A token holding the quoted name of the table to insert into.
- * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
- *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
- * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ... 
- *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
- *              inserted into.
- *
- * (op == TK_DELETE)
- * target    -> A token holding the quoted name of the table to delete from.
- * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
- *              Otherwise NULL.
- * 
- * (op == TK_UPDATE)
- * target    -> A token holding the quoted name of the table to update rows of.
- * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
- *              Otherwise NULL.
- * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
- *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
- *              argument.
- * 
- */
-struct TriggerStep {
-  u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
-  u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
-  Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
-  Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statment or RHS of INSERT INTO .. SELECT ... */
-  Token target;        /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
-  Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
-  ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE.  VALUES clause for INSERT */
-  IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
-  TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
-  TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
-};
-
-/*
-** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
-** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
-** explicit.  
-*/
-typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
-struct DbFixer {
-  Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
-  const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
-  const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
-  const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
-};
-
-/*
-** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
-** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
-*/
-struct StrAccum {
-  sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
-  char *zBase;         /* A base allocation.  Not from malloc. */
-  char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
-  int  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
-  int  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
-  int  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed string length */
-  u8   mallocFailed;   /* Becomes true if any memory allocation fails */
-  u8   useMalloc;      /* True if zText is enlargeable using realloc */
-  u8   tooBig;         /* Becomes true if string size exceeds limits */
-};
-
-/*
-** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
-** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
-*/
-typedef struct {
-  sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
-  int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
-  char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
-  int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
-} InitData;
-
-/*
-** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
-**
-** This structure also contains some state information.
-*/
-struct Sqlite3Config {
-  int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
-  int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
-  int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
-  int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
-  int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
-  int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
-  sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
-  sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
-  sqlite3_pcache_methods pcache;    /* Low-level page-cache interface */
-  void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
-  int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
-  int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
-  void *pScratch;                   /* Scratch memory */
-  int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
-  int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
-  void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
-  int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
-  int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
-  int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
-  int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
-  /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
-  ** initially be zero, however. */
-  int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
-  int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
-  int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
-  int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
-  int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
-  sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
-  int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
-  void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
-  void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
-};
-
-/*
-** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
-*/
-struct Walker {
-  int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
-  int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
-  Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
-  union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
-    NameContext *pNC;                          /* Naming context */
-    int i;                                     /* Integer value */
-  } u;
-};
-
-/* Forward declarations */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
-
-/*
-** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
-** callbacks.
-*/
-#define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
-#define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
-#define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
-
-/*
-** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
-** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
-  if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
-    while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
-  }                                                    \
-}
-
-/*
-** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
-** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
-** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
-** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
-** to set a debugger breakpoint.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
-#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
-#define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
-#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
-
-
-/*
-** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
-** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also all
-** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alisse for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
-# define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
-** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
-    (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
-# include <ctype.h>
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
-** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
-** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
-# define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
-# define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
-# define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
-# define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
-# define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
-# define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
-# define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
-#else
-# define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
-# define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
-# define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
-# define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
-# define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
-# define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
-# define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Internal function prototypes
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StrICmp(const char *, const char *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsNumber(const char*, int*, u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
-#define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Malloc(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3MallocZero(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ScratchFree(void*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemoryAlarm(void (*)(void*, sqlite3_int64, int), void*, sqlite3_int64);
-
-/*
-** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
-** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
-** obtain space from malloc().
-**
-** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
-** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
-# define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
-# define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
-# define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       
-#else
-# define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
-# define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
-# define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
-#endif
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
-#endif
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StatusValue(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusAdd(int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusSet(int, int);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
-#else
-# define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
-#endif
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VXPrintf(StrAccum*, int, const char*, va_list);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3XPrintf(StrAccum*, const char*, ...);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3MAppendf(sqlite3*,char*,const char*,...);
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*, ...);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Dequote(char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*, const Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(sqlite3*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginParse(Parse*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddColumnType(Parse*,Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,ExprSpan*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Select*);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*, void*, unsigned int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, u8 iBatch, i64);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,Select*,int,int);
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
-#else
-# define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
-#endif
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTable(Table*);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
-#else
-# define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
-# define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Select*, IdList*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int,int*,int*,int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3*, IdList*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(sqlite3*, SrcList*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
-                                      Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
-                        Token*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
-                         Expr*,ExprList*,int,Expr*,Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse *, SrcList *, Expr *, ExprList *, Expr *, Expr *, char *);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList**, u16);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, int, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse*, int, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprHardCopy(Parse*,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeConstants(Parse*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,int isView,const char*, const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PrngResetState(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(Vdbe*, const Expr*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, Trigger *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int,int,
-                                     int*,int,int,int,int,int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, char*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FuncDefInsert(FuncDefHash*, FuncDef*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,u8,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterGlobalFunctions(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int);
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
-                           Expr*,int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
-                            int, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
-  void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
-                                        ExprList*,Select*,u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
-# define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
-#else
-# define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
-# define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
-# define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
-# define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
-# define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
-# define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
-# define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
-# define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
-# define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
-#endif
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
-#else
-# define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
-# define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
-# define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
-# define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFactory(sqlite3 *db, const char *zFilename,
-                       int omitJournal, int nCache, int flags, Btree **ppBtree);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FitsIn64Bits(const char *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8*, const u8**);
-
-/*
-** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
-** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
-** file.  Code should use the MACRO forms below, as the Varint32 versions
-** are coded to assume the single byte case is already handled (which 
-** the MACRO form does).
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PutVarint32(unsigned char*, u32);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
-
-/*
-** The header of a record consists of a sequence variable-length integers.
-** These integers are almost always small and are encoded as a single byte.
-** The following macros take advantage this fact to provide a fast encode
-** and decode of the integers in a record header.  It is faster for the common
-** case where the integer is a single byte.  It is a little slower when the
-** integer is two or more bytes.  But overall it is faster.
-**
-** The following expressions are equivalent:
-**
-**     x = sqlite3GetVarint32( A, &B );
-**     x = sqlite3PutVarint32( A, B );
-**
-**     x = getVarint32( A, B );
-**     x = putVarint32( A, B );
-**
-*/
-#define getVarint32(A,B)  (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80) ? ((B) = (u32)*(A)),1 : sqlite3GetVarint32((A), (u32 *)&(B)))
-#define putVarint32(A,B)  (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80) ? (*(A) = (unsigned char)(B)),1 : sqlite3PutVarint32((A), (B)))
-#define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
-#define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
-
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(Vdbe *, Index *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableAffinityStr(Vdbe *, Table *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSetColl(Parse *pParse, Expr *, Token *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8, 
-                        void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Utf8to16(sqlite3 *, u8, char *, int, int *);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
-#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_WSD FuncDefHash sqlite3GlobalFunctions;
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PendingByte;
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RootPageMoved(Db*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFunctions(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *, Expr *, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(sqlite3*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(Index*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MinimumFileFormat(Parse*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SchemaFree(void *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE KeyInfo *sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(Parse *, Index *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *, 
-  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
-  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), void (*)(sqlite3_context*));
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, char*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum*,const char*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
-
-/*
-** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(size_t));
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token, Parse*);
-#ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
-#endif
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
-#else
-# define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
-#else
-  #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-#  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
-#  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
-#  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
-#  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
-#  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
-#  define sqlite3VtabLock(X) 
-#  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
-#  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
-#else
-SQLITE_PRIVATE    void sqlite3VtabClear(Table*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, char **);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
-#  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3InvalidFunction(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
-
-/* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
-** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
-** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
-** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
-** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is 
-** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
-#else
-  #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d)
-  #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d)
-  #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
-  #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)      0
-  #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d) 0
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FkDelete(Table*);
-#else
-  #define sqlite3FkDelete(a)
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
-#define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
-
-/*
-** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
-** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
-** is not defined.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
-#else
-  #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
-  #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
-#endif
-
-#define IN_INDEX_ROWID           1
-#define IN_INDEX_EPH             2
-#define IN_INDEX_INDEX           3
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, int*);
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
-#else
-  #define sqlite3JournalSize(pVfs) ((pVfs)->szOsFile)
-#endif
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemJournalSize(void);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsMemJournal(sqlite3_file *);
-
-#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ExprSetHeight(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
-#else
-  #define sqlite3ExprSetHeight(x,y)
-  #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
-  #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
-#endif
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
-#else
-  #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
-  #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
-  #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
-** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
-** print I/O tracing messages. 
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
-# define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void (*sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
-#else
-# define IOTRACE(A)
-# define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
-/************** End of sqliteInt.h *******************************************/
-/************** Begin file global.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 June 13
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains definitions of global variables and contants.
-*/
-
-/* An array to map all upper-case characters into their corresponding
-** lower-case character. 
-**
-** SQLite only considers US-ASCII (or EBCDIC) characters.  We do not
-** handle case conversions for the UTF character set since the tables
-** involved are nearly as big or bigger than SQLite itself.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[] = {
-#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
-      0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
-     18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
-     36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,
-     54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,
-    104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,
-    122, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,
-    108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,
-    126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,
-    144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,
-    162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,
-    180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,
-    198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,
-    216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,
-    234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,
-    252,253,254,255
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
-      0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, /* 0x */
-     16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, /* 1x */
-     32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, /* 2x */
-     48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, /* 3x */
-     64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, /* 4x */
-     80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, /* 5x */
-     96, 97, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,106,107,108,109,110,111, /* 6x */
-    112, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89,122,123,124,125,126,127, /* 7x */
-    128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143, /* 8x */
-    144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,156,159, /* 9x */
-    160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,140,141,142,175, /* Ax */
-    176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191, /* Bx */
-    192,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,202,203,204,205,206,207, /* Cx */
-    208,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,218,219,220,221,222,223, /* Dx */
-    224,225,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,232,203,204,205,206,207, /* Ex */
-    239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,219,220,221,222,255, /* Fx */
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** The following 256 byte lookup table is used to support SQLites built-in
-** equivalents to the following standard library functions:
-**
-**   isspace()                        0x01
-**   isalpha()                        0x02
-**   isdigit()                        0x04
-**   isalnum()                        0x06
-**   isxdigit()                       0x08
-**   toupper()                        0x20
-**   SQLite identifier character      0x40
-**
-** Bit 0x20 is set if the mapped character requires translation to upper
-** case. i.e. if the character is a lower-case ASCII character.
-** If x is a lower-case ASCII character, then its upper-case equivalent
-** is (x - 0x20). Therefore toupper() can be implemented as:
-**
-**   (x & ~(map[x]&0x20))
-**
-** Standard function tolower() is implemented using the sqlite3UpperToLower[]
-** array. tolower() is used more often than toupper() by SQLite.
-**
-** Bit 0x40 is set if the character non-alphanumeric and can be used in an 
-** SQLite identifier.  Identifiers are alphanumerics, "_", "$", and any
-** non-ASCII UTF character. Hence the test for whether or not a character is
-** part of an identifier is 0x46.
-**
-** SQLite's versions are identical to the standard versions assuming a
-** locale of "C". They are implemented as macros in sqliteInt.h.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[256] = {
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 00..07    ........ */
-  0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 08..0f    ........ */
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 10..17    ........ */
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 18..1f    ........ */
-  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 20..27     !"#$%&' */
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 28..2f    ()*+,-./ */
-  0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c,  /* 30..37    01234567 */
-  0x0c, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 38..3f    89:;<=>? */
-
-  0x00, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x02,  /* 40..47    @ABCDEFG */
-  0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,  /* 48..4f    HIJKLMNO */
-  0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,  /* 50..57    PQRSTUVW */
-  0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40,  /* 58..5f    XYZ[\]^_ */
-  0x00, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x22,  /* 60..67    `abcdefg */
-  0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,  /* 68..6f    hijklmno */
-  0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,  /* 70..77    pqrstuvw */
-  0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 78..7f    xyz{|}~. */
-
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* 80..87    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* 88..8f    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* 90..97    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* 98..9f    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* a0..a7    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* a8..af    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* b0..b7    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* b8..bf    ........ */
-
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* c0..c7    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* c8..cf    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* d0..d7    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* d8..df    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* e0..e7    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* e8..ef    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* f0..f7    ........ */
-  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40   /* f8..ff    ........ */
-};
-#endif
-
-
-
-/*
-** The following singleton contains the global configuration for
-** the SQLite library.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config = {
-   SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS,  /* bMemstat */
-   1,                         /* bCoreMutex */
-   SQLITE_THREADSAFE==1,      /* bFullMutex */
-   0x7ffffffe,                /* mxStrlen */
-   100,                       /* szLookaside */
-   500,                       /* nLookaside */
-   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},         /* m */
-   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},       /* mutex */
-   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},   /* pcache */
-   (void*)0,                  /* pHeap */
-   0,                         /* nHeap */
-   0, 0,                      /* mnHeap, mxHeap */
-   (void*)0,                  /* pScratch */
-   0,                         /* szScratch */
-   0,                         /* nScratch */
-   (void*)0,                  /* pPage */
-   0,                         /* szPage */
-   0,                         /* nPage */
-   0,                         /* mxParserStack */
-   0,                         /* sharedCacheEnabled */
-   /* All the rest should always be initialized to zero */
-   0,                         /* isInit */
-   0,                         /* inProgress */
-   0,                         /* isMutexInit */
-   0,                         /* isMallocInit */
-   0,                         /* isPCacheInit */
-   0,                         /* pInitMutex */
-   0,                         /* nRefInitMutex */
-   0,                         /* xLog */
-   0,                         /* pLogArg */
-};
-
-
-/*
-** Hash table for global functions - functions common to all
-** database connections.  After initialization, this table is
-** read-only.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_WSD FuncDefHash sqlite3GlobalFunctions;
-
-/*
-** The value of the "pending" byte must be 0x40000000 (1 byte past the
-** 1-gibabyte boundary) in a compatible database.  SQLite never uses
-** the database page that contains the pending byte.  It never attempts
-** to read or write that page.  The pending byte page is set assign
-** for use by the VFS layers as space for managing file locks.
-**
-** During testing, it is often desirable to move the pending byte to
-** a different position in the file.  This allows code that has to
-** deal with the pending byte to run on files that are much smaller
-** than 1 GiB.  The sqlite3_test_control() interface can be used to
-** move the pending byte.
-**
-** IMPORTANT:  Changing the pending byte to any value other than
-** 0x40000000 results in an incompatible database file format!
-** Changing the pending byte during operating results in undefined
-** and dileterious behavior.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PendingByte = 0x40000000;
-
-/*
-** Properties of opcodes.  The OPFLG_INITIALIZER macro is
-** created by mkopcodeh.awk during compilation.  Data is obtained
-** from the comments following the "case OP_xxxx:" statements in
-** the vdbe.c file.  
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[] = OPFLG_INITIALIZER;
-
-/************** End of global.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file ctime.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2010 February 23
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file implements routines used to report what compile-time options
-** SQLite was built with.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-
-
-/*
-** An array of names of all compile-time options.  This array should 
-** be sorted A-Z.
-**
-** This array looks large, but in a typical installation actually uses
-** only a handful of compile-time options, so most times this array is usually
-** rather short and uses little memory space.
-*/
-static const char * const azCompileOpt[] = {
-
-/* These macros are provided to "stringify" the value of the define
-** for those options in which the value is meaningful. */
-#define CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt) #opt
-#define CTIMEOPT_VAL(opt) CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt)
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_32BIT_ROWID
-  "32BIT_ROWID",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
-  "4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE
-  "CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-  "CHECK_PAGES",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
-  "COVERAGE_TEST",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  "DEBUG",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE
-  "DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE),
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_DISABLE_DIRSYNC
-  "DISABLE_DIRSYNC",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
-  "DISABLE_LFS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
-  "ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
-  "ENABLE_CEROD",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
-  "ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT
-  "ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS1
-  "ENABLE_FTS1",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS2
-  "ENABLE_FTS2",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
-  "ENABLE_FTS3",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
-  "ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
-  "ENABLE_FTS4",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
-  "ENABLE_ICU",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
-  "ENABLE_IOTRACE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
-  "ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-  "ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE),
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
-  "ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
-  "ENABLE_MEMSYS3",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
-  "ENABLE_MEMSYS5",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK
-  "ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
-  "ENABLE_RTREE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-  "ENABLE_STAT2",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
-  "ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
-  "ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  "HAS_CODEC",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
-  "HAVE_ISNAN",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
-  "HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS
-  "IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
-  "IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
-  "INT64_TYPE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_LOCK_TRACE
-  "LOCK_TRACE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
-  "MEMDEBUG",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
-  "MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_NO_SYNC
-  "NO_SYNC",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
-  "OMIT_ALTERTABLE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
-  "OMIT_ANALYZE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
-  "OMIT_ATTACH",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  "OMIT_AUTHORIZATION",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-  "OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  "OMIT_AUTOINIT",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  "OMIT_AUTOVACUUM",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
-  "OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
-  "OMIT_BTREECOUNT",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
-  "OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
-  "OMIT_CAST",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-  "OMIT_CHECK",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-  "OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE
-  "OMIT_COMPLETE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
-  "OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
-  "OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
-  "OMIT_DECLTYPE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-  "OMIT_DEPRECATED",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
-  "OMIT_DISKIO",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
-  "OMIT_EXPLAIN",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  "OMIT_FLOATING_POINT",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-  "OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GET_TABLE
-  "OMIT_GET_TABLE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GLOBALRECOVER
-  "OMIT_GLOBALRECOVER",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-  "OMIT_INCRBLOB",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
-  "OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-  "OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
-  "OMIT_LOCALTIME",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
-  "OMIT_LOOKASIDE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
-  "OMIT_MEMORYDB",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
-  "OMIT_PRAGMA",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  "OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE
-  "OMIT_QUICKBALANCE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
-  "OMIT_REINDEX",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  "OMIT_SHARED_CACHE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-  "OMIT_SUBQUERY",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE
-  "OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
-  "OMIT_TEMPDB",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-  "OMIT_TRACE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  "OMIT_TRIGGER",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  "OMIT_UTF16",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM
-  "OMIT_VACUUM",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-  "OMIT_VIEW",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  "OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
-  "OMIT_WSD",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT
-  "OMIT_XFER_OPT",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
-  "PERFORMANCE_TRACE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_PROXY_DEBUG
-  "PROXY_DEBUG",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE
-  "SECURE_DELETE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_SMALL_STACK
-  "SMALL_STACK",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_SOUNDEX
-  "SOUNDEX",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_TCL
-  "TCL",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
-  "TEMP_STORE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_TEMP_STORE),
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  "TEST",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-  "THREADSAFE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_THREADSAFE),
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
-  "USE_ALLOCA",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC
-  "ZERO_MALLOC"
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** Given the name of a compile-time option, return true if that option
-** was used and false if not.
-**
-** The name can optionally begin with "SQLITE_" but the "SQLITE_" prefix
-** is not required for a match.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName){
-  int i, n;
-  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, "SQLITE_", 7)==0 ) zOptName += 7;
-  n = sqlite3Strlen30(zOptName);
-
-  /* Since ArraySize(azCompileOpt) is normally in single digits, a
-  ** linear search is adequate.  No need for a binary search. */
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(azCompileOpt); i++){
-    if(   (sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, azCompileOpt[i], n)==0)
-       && ( (azCompileOpt[i][n]==0) || (azCompileOpt[i][n]=='=') ) ) return 1;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the N-th compile-time option string.  If N is out of range,
-** return a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N){
-  if( N>=0 && N<ArraySize(azCompileOpt) ){
-    return azCompileOpt[N];
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-
-/************** End of ctime.c ***********************************************/
-/************** Begin file status.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 June 18
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This module implements the sqlite3_status() interface and related
-** functionality.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Variables in which to record status information.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3StatType sqlite3StatType;
-static SQLITE_WSD struct sqlite3StatType {
-  int nowValue[9];         /* Current value */
-  int mxValue[9];          /* Maximum value */
-} sqlite3Stat = { {0,}, {0,} };
-
-
-/* The "wsdStat" macro will resolve to the status information
-** state vector.  If writable static data is unsupported on the target,
-** we have to locate the state vector at run-time.  In the more common
-** case where writable static data is supported, wsdStat can refer directly
-** to the "sqlite3Stat" state vector declared above.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
-# define wsdStatInit  sqlite3StatType *x = &GLOBAL(sqlite3StatType,sqlite3Stat)
-# define wsdStat x[0]
-#else
-# define wsdStatInit
-# define wsdStat sqlite3Stat
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return the current value of a status parameter.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StatusValue(int op){
-  wsdStatInit;
-  assert( op>=0 && op<ArraySize(wsdStat.nowValue) );
-  return wsdStat.nowValue[op];
-}
-
-/*
-** Add N to the value of a status record.  It is assumed that the
-** caller holds appropriate locks.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusAdd(int op, int N){
-  wsdStatInit;
-  assert( op>=0 && op<ArraySize(wsdStat.nowValue) );
-  wsdStat.nowValue[op] += N;
-  if( wsdStat.nowValue[op]>wsdStat.mxValue[op] ){
-    wsdStat.mxValue[op] = wsdStat.nowValue[op];
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the value of a status to X.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusSet(int op, int X){
-  wsdStatInit;
-  assert( op>=0 && op<ArraySize(wsdStat.nowValue) );
-  wsdStat.nowValue[op] = X;
-  if( wsdStat.nowValue[op]>wsdStat.mxValue[op] ){
-    wsdStat.mxValue[op] = wsdStat.nowValue[op];
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Query status information.
-**
-** This implementation assumes that reading or writing an aligned
-** 32-bit integer is an atomic operation.  If that assumption is not true,
-** then this routine is not threadsafe.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag){
-  wsdStatInit;
-  if( op<0 || op>=ArraySize(wsdStat.nowValue) ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  *pCurrent = wsdStat.nowValue[op];
-  *pHighwater = wsdStat.mxValue[op];
-  if( resetFlag ){
-    wsdStat.mxValue[op] = wsdStat.nowValue[op];
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Query status information for a single database connection
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* The database connection whose status is desired */
-  int op,               /* Status verb */
-  int *pCurrent,        /* Write current value here */
-  int *pHighwater,      /* Write high-water mark here */
-  int resetFlag         /* Reset high-water mark if true */
-){
-  switch( op ){
-    case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED: {
-      *pCurrent = db->lookaside.nOut;
-      *pHighwater = db->lookaside.mxOut;
-      if( resetFlag ){
-        db->lookaside.mxOut = db->lookaside.nOut;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/************** End of status.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file date.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2003 October 31
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the C functions that implement date and time
-** functions for SQLite.  
-**
-** There is only one exported symbol in this file - the function
-** sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions() found at the bottom of the file.
-** All other code has file scope.
-**
-** SQLite processes all times and dates as Julian Day numbers.  The
-** dates and times are stored as the number of days since noon
-** in Greenwich on November 24, 4714 B.C. according to the Gregorian
-** calendar system. 
-**
-** 1970-01-01 00:00:00 is JD 2440587.5
-** 2000-01-01 00:00:00 is JD 2451544.5
-**
-** This implemention requires years to be expressed as a 4-digit number
-** which means that only dates between 0000-01-01 and 9999-12-31 can
-** be represented, even though julian day numbers allow a much wider
-** range of dates.
-**
-** The Gregorian calendar system is used for all dates and times,
-** even those that predate the Gregorian calendar.  Historians usually
-** use the Julian calendar for dates prior to 1582-10-15 and for some
-** dates afterwards, depending on locale.  Beware of this difference.
-**
-** The conversion algorithms are implemented based on descriptions
-** in the following text:
-**
-**      Jean Meeus
-**      Astronomical Algorithms, 2nd Edition, 1998
-**      ISBM 0-943396-61-1
-**      Willmann-Bell, Inc
-**      Richmond, Virginia (USA)
-*/
-#include <time.h>
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
-
-/*
-** On recent Windows platforms, the localtime_s() function is available
-** as part of the "Secure CRT". It is essentially equivalent to 
-** localtime_r() available under most POSIX platforms, except that the 
-** order of the parameters is reversed.
-**
-** See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a442x3ye(VS.80).aspx.
-**
-** If the user has not indicated to use localtime_r() or localtime_s()
-** already, check for an MSVC build environment that provides 
-** localtime_s().
-*/
-#if !defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) && !defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S) && \
-     defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE)
-#define HAVE_LOCALTIME_S 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** A structure for holding a single date and time.
-*/
-typedef struct DateTime DateTime;
-struct DateTime {
-  sqlite3_int64 iJD; /* The julian day number times 86400000 */
-  int Y, M, D;       /* Year, month, and day */
-  int h, m;          /* Hour and minutes */
-  int tz;            /* Timezone offset in minutes */
-  double s;          /* Seconds */
-  char validYMD;     /* True (1) if Y,M,D are valid */
-  char validHMS;     /* True (1) if h,m,s are valid */
-  char validJD;      /* True (1) if iJD is valid */
-  char validTZ;      /* True (1) if tz is valid */
-};
-
-
-/*
-** Convert zDate into one or more integers.  Additional arguments
-** come in groups of 5 as follows:
-**
-**       N       number of digits in the integer
-**       min     minimum allowed value of the integer
-**       max     maximum allowed value of the integer
-**       nextC   first character after the integer
-**       pVal    where to write the integers value.
-**
-** Conversions continue until one with nextC==0 is encountered.
-** The function returns the number of successful conversions.
-*/
-static int getDigits(const char *zDate, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  int val;
-  int N;
-  int min;
-  int max;
-  int nextC;
-  int *pVal;
-  int cnt = 0;
-  va_start(ap, zDate);
-  do{
-    N = va_arg(ap, int);
-    min = va_arg(ap, int);
-    max = va_arg(ap, int);
-    nextC = va_arg(ap, int);
-    pVal = va_arg(ap, int*);
-    val = 0;
-    while( N-- ){
-      if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*zDate) ){
-        goto end_getDigits;
-      }
-      val = val*10 + *zDate - '0';
-      zDate++;
-    }
-    if( val<min || val>max || (nextC!=0 && nextC!=*zDate) ){
-      goto end_getDigits;
-    }
-    *pVal = val;
-    zDate++;
-    cnt++;
-  }while( nextC );
-end_getDigits:
-  va_end(ap);
-  return cnt;
-}
-
-/*
-** Read text from z[] and convert into a floating point number.  Return
-** the number of digits converted.
-*/
-#define getValue sqlite3AtoF
-
-/*
-** Parse a timezone extension on the end of a date-time.
-** The extension is of the form:
-**
-**        (+/-)HH:MM
-**
-** Or the "zulu" notation:
-**
-**        Z
-**
-** If the parse is successful, write the number of minutes
-** of change in p->tz and return 0.  If a parser error occurs,
-** return non-zero.
-**
-** A missing specifier is not considered an error.
-*/
-static int parseTimezone(const char *zDate, DateTime *p){
-  int sgn = 0;
-  int nHr, nMn;
-  int c;
-  while( sqlite3Isspace(*zDate) ){ zDate++; }
-  p->tz = 0;
-  c = *zDate;
-  if( c=='-' ){
-    sgn = -1;
-  }else if( c=='+' ){
-    sgn = +1;
-  }else if( c=='Z' || c=='z' ){
-    zDate++;
-    goto zulu_time;
-  }else{
-    return c!=0;
-  }
-  zDate++;
-  if( getDigits(zDate, 2, 0, 14, ':', &nHr, 2, 0, 59, 0, &nMn)!=2 ){
-    return 1;
-  }
-  zDate += 5;
-  p->tz = sgn*(nMn + nHr*60);
-zulu_time:
-  while( sqlite3Isspace(*zDate) ){ zDate++; }
-  return *zDate!=0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Parse times of the form HH:MM or HH:MM:SS or HH:MM:SS.FFFF.
-** The HH, MM, and SS must each be exactly 2 digits.  The
-** fractional seconds FFFF can be one or more digits.
-**
-** Return 1 if there is a parsing error and 0 on success.
-*/
-static int parseHhMmSs(const char *zDate, DateTime *p){
-  int h, m, s;
-  double ms = 0.0;
-  if( getDigits(zDate, 2, 0, 24, ':', &h, 2, 0, 59, 0, &m)!=2 ){
-    return 1;
-  }
-  zDate += 5;
-  if( *zDate==':' ){
-    zDate++;
-    if( getDigits(zDate, 2, 0, 59, 0, &s)!=1 ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    zDate += 2;
-    if( *zDate=='.' && sqlite3Isdigit(zDate[1]) ){
-      double rScale = 1.0;
-      zDate++;
-      while( sqlite3Isdigit(*zDate) ){
-        ms = ms*10.0 + *zDate - '0';
-        rScale *= 10.0;
-        zDate++;
-      }
-      ms /= rScale;
-    }
-  }else{
-    s = 0;
-  }
-  p->validJD = 0;
-  p->validHMS = 1;
-  p->h = h;
-  p->m = m;
-  p->s = s + ms;
-  if( parseTimezone(zDate, p) ) return 1;
-  p->validTZ = (p->tz!=0)?1:0;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert from YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS to julian day.  We always assume
-** that the YYYY-MM-DD is according to the Gregorian calendar.
-**
-** Reference:  Meeus page 61
-*/
-static void computeJD(DateTime *p){
-  int Y, M, D, A, B, X1, X2;
-
-  if( p->validJD ) return;
-  if( p->validYMD ){
-    Y = p->Y;
-    M = p->M;
-    D = p->D;
-  }else{
-    Y = 2000;  /* If no YMD specified, assume 2000-Jan-01 */
-    M = 1;
-    D = 1;
-  }
-  if( M<=2 ){
-    Y--;
-    M += 12;
-  }
-  A = Y/100;
-  B = 2 - A + (A/4);
-  X1 = 36525*(Y+4716)/100;
-  X2 = 306001*(M+1)/10000;
-  p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)((X1 + X2 + D + B - 1524.5 ) * 86400000);
-  p->validJD = 1;
-  if( p->validHMS ){
-    p->iJD += p->h*3600000 + p->m*60000 + (sqlite3_int64)(p->s*1000);
-    if( p->validTZ ){
-      p->iJD -= p->tz*60000;
-      p->validYMD = 0;
-      p->validHMS = 0;
-      p->validTZ = 0;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Parse dates of the form
-**
-**     YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.FFF
-**     YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
-**     YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM
-**     YYYY-MM-DD
-**
-** Write the result into the DateTime structure and return 0
-** on success and 1 if the input string is not a well-formed
-** date.
-*/
-static int parseYyyyMmDd(const char *zDate, DateTime *p){
-  int Y, M, D, neg;
-
-  if( zDate[0]=='-' ){
-    zDate++;
-    neg = 1;
-  }else{
-    neg = 0;
-  }
-  if( getDigits(zDate,4,0,9999,'-',&Y,2,1,12,'-',&M,2,1,31,0,&D)!=3 ){
-    return 1;
-  }
-  zDate += 10;
-  while( sqlite3Isspace(*zDate) || 'T'==*(u8*)zDate ){ zDate++; }
-  if( parseHhMmSs(zDate, p)==0 ){
-    /* We got the time */
-  }else if( *zDate==0 ){
-    p->validHMS = 0;
-  }else{
-    return 1;
-  }
-  p->validJD = 0;
-  p->validYMD = 1;
-  p->Y = neg ? -Y : Y;
-  p->M = M;
-  p->D = D;
-  if( p->validTZ ){
-    computeJD(p);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the time to the current time reported by the VFS
-*/
-static void setDateTimeToCurrent(sqlite3_context *context, DateTime *p){
-  double r;
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  sqlite3OsCurrentTime(db->pVfs, &r);
-  p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(r*86400000.0 + 0.5);
-  p->validJD = 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Attempt to parse the given string into a Julian Day Number.  Return
-** the number of errors.
-**
-** The following are acceptable forms for the input string:
-**
-**      YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.FFF  +/-HH:MM
-**      DDDD.DD 
-**      now
-**
-** In the first form, the +/-HH:MM is always optional.  The fractional
-** seconds extension (the ".FFF") is optional.  The seconds portion
-** (":SS.FFF") is option.  The year and date can be omitted as long
-** as there is a time string.  The time string can be omitted as long
-** as there is a year and date.
-*/
-static int parseDateOrTime(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  const char *zDate, 
-  DateTime *p
-){
-  int isRealNum;    /* Return from sqlite3IsNumber().  Not used */
-  if( parseYyyyMmDd(zDate,p)==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }else if( parseHhMmSs(zDate, p)==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDate,"now")==0){
-    setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
-    return 0;
-  }else if( sqlite3IsNumber(zDate, &isRealNum, SQLITE_UTF8) ){
-    double r;
-    getValue(zDate, &r);
-    p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(r*86400000.0 + 0.5);
-    p->validJD = 1;
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Compute the Year, Month, and Day from the julian day number.
-*/
-static void computeYMD(DateTime *p){
-  int Z, A, B, C, D, E, X1;
-  if( p->validYMD ) return;
-  if( !p->validJD ){
-    p->Y = 2000;
-    p->M = 1;
-    p->D = 1;
-  }else{
-    Z = (int)((p->iJD + 43200000)/86400000);
-    A = (int)((Z - 1867216.25)/36524.25);
-    A = Z + 1 + A - (A/4);
-    B = A + 1524;
-    C = (int)((B - 122.1)/365.25);
-    D = (36525*C)/100;
-    E = (int)((B-D)/30.6001);
-    X1 = (int)(30.6001*E);
-    p->D = B - D - X1;
-    p->M = E<14 ? E-1 : E-13;
-    p->Y = p->M>2 ? C - 4716 : C - 4715;
-  }
-  p->validYMD = 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Compute the Hour, Minute, and Seconds from the julian day number.
-*/
-static void computeHMS(DateTime *p){
-  int s;
-  if( p->validHMS ) return;
-  computeJD(p);
-  s = (int)((p->iJD + 43200000) % 86400000);
-  p->s = s/1000.0;
-  s = (int)p->s;
-  p->s -= s;
-  p->h = s/3600;
-  s -= p->h*3600;
-  p->m = s/60;
-  p->s += s - p->m*60;
-  p->validHMS = 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Compute both YMD and HMS
-*/
-static void computeYMD_HMS(DateTime *p){
-  computeYMD(p);
-  computeHMS(p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Clear the YMD and HMS and the TZ
-*/
-static void clearYMD_HMS_TZ(DateTime *p){
-  p->validYMD = 0;
-  p->validHMS = 0;
-  p->validTZ = 0;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
-/*
-** Compute the difference (in milliseconds)
-** between localtime and UTC (a.k.a. GMT)
-** for the time value p where p is in UTC.
-*/
-static sqlite3_int64 localtimeOffset(DateTime *p){
-  DateTime x, y;
-  time_t t;
-  x = *p;
-  computeYMD_HMS(&x);
-  if( x.Y<1971 || x.Y>=2038 ){
-    x.Y = 2000;
-    x.M = 1;
-    x.D = 1;
-    x.h = 0;
-    x.m = 0;
-    x.s = 0.0;
-  } else {
-    int s = (int)(x.s + 0.5);
-    x.s = s;
-  }
-  x.tz = 0;
-  x.validJD = 0;
-  computeJD(&x);
-  t = (time_t)(x.iJD/1000 - 21086676*(i64)10000);
-#ifdef HAVE_LOCALTIME_R
-  {
-    struct tm sLocal;
-    localtime_r(&t, &sLocal);
-    y.Y = sLocal.tm_year + 1900;
-    y.M = sLocal.tm_mon + 1;
-    y.D = sLocal.tm_mday;
-    y.h = sLocal.tm_hour;
-    y.m = sLocal.tm_min;
-    y.s = sLocal.tm_sec;
-  }
-#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S) && HAVE_LOCALTIME_S
-  {
-    struct tm sLocal;
-    localtime_s(&sLocal, &t);
-    y.Y = sLocal.tm_year + 1900;
-    y.M = sLocal.tm_mon + 1;
-    y.D = sLocal.tm_mday;
-    y.h = sLocal.tm_hour;
-    y.m = sLocal.tm_min;
-    y.s = sLocal.tm_sec;
-  }
-#else
-  {
-    struct tm *pTm;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
-    pTm = localtime(&t);
-    y.Y = pTm->tm_year + 1900;
-    y.M = pTm->tm_mon + 1;
-    y.D = pTm->tm_mday;
-    y.h = pTm->tm_hour;
-    y.m = pTm->tm_min;
-    y.s = pTm->tm_sec;
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
-  }
-#endif
-  y.validYMD = 1;
-  y.validHMS = 1;
-  y.validJD = 0;
-  y.validTZ = 0;
-  computeJD(&y);
-  return y.iJD - x.iJD;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME */
-
-/*
-** Process a modifier to a date-time stamp.  The modifiers are
-** as follows:
-**
-**     NNN days
-**     NNN hours
-**     NNN minutes
-**     NNN.NNNN seconds
-**     NNN months
-**     NNN years
-**     start of month
-**     start of year
-**     start of week
-**     start of day
-**     weekday N
-**     unixepoch
-**     localtime
-**     utc
-**
-** Return 0 on success and 1 if there is any kind of error.
-*/
-static int parseModifier(const char *zMod, DateTime *p){
-  int rc = 1;
-  int n;
-  double r;
-  char *z, zBuf[30];
-  z = zBuf;
-  for(n=0; n<ArraySize(zBuf)-1 && zMod[n]; n++){
-    z[n] = (char)sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)zMod[n]];
-  }
-  z[n] = 0;
-  switch( z[0] ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
-    case 'l': {
-      /*    localtime
-      **
-      ** Assuming the current time value is UTC (a.k.a. GMT), shift it to
-      ** show local time.
-      */
-      if( strcmp(z, "localtime")==0 ){
-        computeJD(p);
-        p->iJD += localtimeOffset(p);
-        clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
-        rc = 0;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-    case 'u': {
-      /*
-      **    unixepoch
-      **
-      ** Treat the current value of p->iJD as the number of
-      ** seconds since 1970.  Convert to a real julian day number.
-      */
-      if( strcmp(z, "unixepoch")==0 && p->validJD ){
-        p->iJD = (p->iJD + 43200)/86400 + 21086676*(i64)10000000;
-        clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
-        rc = 0;
-      }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
-      else if( strcmp(z, "utc")==0 ){
-        sqlite3_int64 c1;
-        computeJD(p);
-        c1 = localtimeOffset(p);
-        p->iJD -= c1;
-        clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
-        p->iJD += c1 - localtimeOffset(p);
-        rc = 0;
-      }
-#endif
-      break;
-    }
-    case 'w': {
-      /*
-      **    weekday N
-      **
-      ** Move the date to the same time on the next occurrence of
-      ** weekday N where 0==Sunday, 1==Monday, and so forth.  If the
-      ** date is already on the appropriate weekday, this is a no-op.
-      */
-      if( strncmp(z, "weekday ", 8)==0 && getValue(&z[8],&r)>0
-                 && (n=(int)r)==r && n>=0 && r<7 ){
-        sqlite3_int64 Z;
-        computeYMD_HMS(p);
-        p->validTZ = 0;
-        p->validJD = 0;
-        computeJD(p);
-        Z = ((p->iJD + 129600000)/86400000) % 7;
-        if( Z>n ) Z -= 7;
-        p->iJD += (n - Z)*86400000;
-        clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
-        rc = 0;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case 's': {
-      /*
-      **    start of TTTTT
-      **
-      ** Move the date backwards to the beginning of the current day,
-      ** or month or year.
-      */
-      if( strncmp(z, "start of ", 9)!=0 ) break;
-      z += 9;
-      computeYMD(p);
-      p->validHMS = 1;
-      p->h = p->m = 0;
-      p->s = 0.0;
-      p->validTZ = 0;
-      p->validJD = 0;
-      if( strcmp(z,"month")==0 ){
-        p->D = 1;
-        rc = 0;
-      }else if( strcmp(z,"year")==0 ){
-        computeYMD(p);
-        p->M = 1;
-        p->D = 1;
-        rc = 0;
-      }else if( strcmp(z,"day")==0 ){
-        rc = 0;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case '+':
-    case '-':
-    case '0':
-    case '1':
-    case '2':
-    case '3':
-    case '4':
-    case '5':
-    case '6':
-    case '7':
-    case '8':
-    case '9': {
-      double rRounder;
-      n = getValue(z, &r);
-      assert( n>=1 );
-      if( z[n]==':' ){
-        /* A modifier of the form (+|-)HH:MM:SS.FFF adds (or subtracts) the
-        ** specified number of hours, minutes, seconds, and fractional seconds
-        ** to the time.  The ".FFF" may be omitted.  The ":SS.FFF" may be
-        ** omitted.
-        */
-        const char *z2 = z;
-        DateTime tx;
-        sqlite3_int64 day;
-        if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*z2) ) z2++;
-        memset(&tx, 0, sizeof(tx));
-        if( parseHhMmSs(z2, &tx) ) break;
-        computeJD(&tx);
-        tx.iJD -= 43200000;
-        day = tx.iJD/86400000;
-        tx.iJD -= day*86400000;
-        if( z[0]=='-' ) tx.iJD = -tx.iJD;
-        computeJD(p);
-        clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
-        p->iJD += tx.iJD;
-        rc = 0;
-        break;
-      }
-      z += n;
-      while( sqlite3Isspace(*z) ) z++;
-      n = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
-      if( n>10 || n<3 ) break;
-      if( z[n-1]=='s' ){ z[n-1] = 0; n--; }
-      computeJD(p);
-      rc = 0;
-      rRounder = r<0 ? -0.5 : +0.5;
-      if( n==3 && strcmp(z,"day")==0 ){
-        p->iJD += (sqlite3_int64)(r*86400000.0 + rRounder);
-      }else if( n==4 && strcmp(z,"hour")==0 ){
-        p->iJD += (sqlite3_int64)(r*(86400000.0/24.0) + rRounder);
-      }else if( n==6 && strcmp(z,"minute")==0 ){
-        p->iJD += (sqlite3_int64)(r*(86400000.0/(24.0*60.0)) + rRounder);
-      }else if( n==6 && strcmp(z,"second")==0 ){
-        p->iJD += (sqlite3_int64)(r*(86400000.0/(24.0*60.0*60.0)) + rRounder);
-      }else if( n==5 && strcmp(z,"month")==0 ){
-        int x, y;
-        computeYMD_HMS(p);
-        p->M += (int)r;
-        x = p->M>0 ? (p->M-1)/12 : (p->M-12)/12;
-        p->Y += x;
-        p->M -= x*12;
-        p->validJD = 0;
-        computeJD(p);
-        y = (int)r;
-        if( y!=r ){
-          p->iJD += (sqlite3_int64)((r - y)*30.0*86400000.0 + rRounder);
-        }
-      }else if( n==4 && strcmp(z,"year")==0 ){
-        int y = (int)r;
-        computeYMD_HMS(p);
-        p->Y += y;
-        p->validJD = 0;
-        computeJD(p);
-        if( y!=r ){
-          p->iJD += (sqlite3_int64)((r - y)*365.0*86400000.0 + rRounder);
-        }
-      }else{
-        rc = 1;
-      }
-      clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Process time function arguments.  argv[0] is a date-time stamp.
-** argv[1] and following are modifiers.  Parse them all and write
-** the resulting time into the DateTime structure p.  Return 0
-** on success and 1 if there are any errors.
-**
-** If there are zero parameters (if even argv[0] is undefined)
-** then assume a default value of "now" for argv[0].
-*/
-static int isDate(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  int argc, 
-  sqlite3_value **argv, 
-  DateTime *p
-){
-  int i;
-  const unsigned char *z;
-  int eType;
-  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
-  if( argc==0 ){
-    setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
-  }else if( (eType = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]))==SQLITE_FLOAT
-                   || eType==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
-    p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(sqlite3_value_double(argv[0])*86400000.0 + 0.5);
-    p->validJD = 1;
-  }else{
-    z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-    if( !z || parseDateOrTime(context, (char*)z, p) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
-    if( (z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]))==0 || parseModifier((char*)z, p) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** The following routines implement the various date and time functions
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-
-/*
-**    julianday( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
-**
-** Return the julian day number of the date specified in the arguments
-*/
-static void juliandayFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  DateTime x;
-  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
-    computeJD(&x);
-    sqlite3_result_double(context, x.iJD/86400000.0);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-**    datetime( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
-**
-** Return YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
-*/
-static void datetimeFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  DateTime x;
-  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
-    char zBuf[100];
-    computeYMD_HMS(&x);
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
-                     x.Y, x.M, x.D, x.h, x.m, (int)(x.s));
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-**    time( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
-**
-** Return HH:MM:SS
-*/
-static void timeFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  DateTime x;
-  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
-    char zBuf[100];
-    computeHMS(&x);
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%02d:%02d:%02d", x.h, x.m, (int)x.s);
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-**    date( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
-**
-** Return YYYY-MM-DD
-*/
-static void dateFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  DateTime x;
-  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
-    char zBuf[100];
-    computeYMD(&x);
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d", x.Y, x.M, x.D);
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-**    strftime( FORMAT, TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
-**
-** Return a string described by FORMAT.  Conversions as follows:
-**
-**   %d  day of month
-**   %f  ** fractional seconds  SS.SSS
-**   %H  hour 00-24
-**   %j  day of year 000-366
-**   %J  ** Julian day number
-**   %m  month 01-12
-**   %M  minute 00-59
-**   %s  seconds since 1970-01-01
-**   %S  seconds 00-59
-**   %w  day of week 0-6  sunday==0
-**   %W  week of year 00-53
-**   %Y  year 0000-9999
-**   %%  %
-*/
-static void strftimeFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  DateTime x;
-  u64 n;
-  size_t i,j;
-  char *z;
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  const char *zFmt = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  char zBuf[100];
-  if( zFmt==0 || isDate(context, argc-1, argv+1, &x) ) return;
-  db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  for(i=0, n=1; zFmt[i]; i++, n++){
-    if( zFmt[i]=='%' ){
-      switch( zFmt[i+1] ){
-        case 'd':
-        case 'H':
-        case 'm':
-        case 'M':
-        case 'S':
-        case 'W':
-          n++;
-          /* fall thru */
-        case 'w':
-        case '%':
-          break;
-        case 'f':
-          n += 8;
-          break;
-        case 'j':
-          n += 3;
-          break;
-        case 'Y':
-          n += 8;
-          break;
-        case 's':
-        case 'J':
-          n += 50;
-          break;
-        default:
-          return;  /* ERROR.  return a NULL */
-      }
-      i++;
-    }
-  }
-  testcase( n==sizeof(zBuf)-1 );
-  testcase( n==sizeof(zBuf) );
-  testcase( n==(u64)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]+1 );
-  testcase( n==(u64)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] );
-  if( n<sizeof(zBuf) ){
-    z = zBuf;
-  }else if( n>(u64)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
-    return;
-  }else{
-    z = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, (int)n);
-    if( z==0 ){
-      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  computeJD(&x);
-  computeYMD_HMS(&x);
-  for(i=j=0; zFmt[i]; i++){
-    if( zFmt[i]!='%' ){
-      z[j++] = zFmt[i];
-    }else{
-      i++;
-      switch( zFmt[i] ){
-        case 'd':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.D); j+=2; break;
-        case 'f': {
-          double s = x.s;
-          if( s>59.999 ) s = 59.999;
-          sqlite3_snprintf(7, &z[j],"%06.3f", s);
-          j += sqlite3Strlen30(&z[j]);
-          break;
-        }
-        case 'H':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.h); j+=2; break;
-        case 'W': /* Fall thru */
-        case 'j': {
-          int nDay;             /* Number of days since 1st day of year */
-          DateTime y = x;
-          y.validJD = 0;
-          y.M = 1;
-          y.D = 1;
-          computeJD(&y);
-          nDay = (int)((x.iJD-y.iJD+43200000)/86400000);
-          if( zFmt[i]=='W' ){
-            int wd;   /* 0=Monday, 1=Tuesday, ... 6=Sunday */
-            wd = (int)(((x.iJD+43200000)/86400000)%7);
-            sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",(nDay+7-wd)/7);
-            j += 2;
-          }else{
-            sqlite3_snprintf(4, &z[j],"%03d",nDay+1);
-            j += 3;
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-        case 'J': {
-          sqlite3_snprintf(20, &z[j],"%.16g",x.iJD/86400000.0);
-          j+=sqlite3Strlen30(&z[j]);
-          break;
-        }
-        case 'm':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.M); j+=2; break;
-        case 'M':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.m); j+=2; break;
-        case 's': {
-          sqlite3_snprintf(30,&z[j],"%lld",
-                           (i64)(x.iJD/1000 - 21086676*(i64)10000));
-          j += sqlite3Strlen30(&z[j]);
-          break;
-        }
-        case 'S':  sqlite3_snprintf(3,&z[j],"%02d",(int)x.s); j+=2; break;
-        case 'w': {
-          z[j++] = (char)(((x.iJD+129600000)/86400000) % 7) + '0';
-          break;
-        }
-        case 'Y': {
-          sqlite3_snprintf(5,&z[j],"%04d",x.Y); j+=sqlite3Strlen30(&z[j]);
-          break;
-        }
-        default:   z[j++] = '%'; break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  z[j] = 0;
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, z, -1,
-                      z==zBuf ? SQLITE_TRANSIENT : SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
-}
-
-/*
-** current_time()
-**
-** This function returns the same value as time('now').
-*/
-static void ctimeFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
-){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  timeFunc(context, 0, 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** current_date()
-**
-** This function returns the same value as date('now').
-*/
-static void cdateFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
-){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  dateFunc(context, 0, 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** current_timestamp()
-**
-** This function returns the same value as datetime('now').
-*/
-static void ctimestampFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
-){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  datetimeFunc(context, 0, 0);
-}
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS) */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
-/*
-** If the library is compiled to omit the full-scale date and time
-** handling (to get a smaller binary), the following minimal version
-** of the functions current_time(), current_date() and current_timestamp()
-** are included instead. This is to support column declarations that
-** include "DEFAULT CURRENT_TIME" etc.
-**
-** This function uses the C-library functions time(), gmtime()
-** and strftime(). The format string to pass to strftime() is supplied
-** as the user-data for the function.
-*/
-static void currentTimeFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  time_t t;
-  char *zFormat = (char *)sqlite3_user_data(context);
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  double rT;
-  char zBuf[20];
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argv);
-
-  db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  sqlite3OsCurrentTime(db->pVfs, &rT);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  t = 86400.0*(rT - 2440587.5) + 0.5;
-#else
-  /* without floating point support, rT will have
-  ** already lost fractional day precision.
-  */
-  t = 86400 * (rT - 2440587) - 43200;
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_GMTIME_R
-  {
-    struct tm sNow;
-    gmtime_r(&t, &sNow);
-    strftime(zBuf, 20, zFormat, &sNow);
-  }
-#else
-  {
-    struct tm *pTm;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
-    pTm = gmtime(&t);
-    strftime(zBuf, 20, zFormat, pTm);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
-  }
-#endif
-
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This function registered all of the above C functions as SQL
-** functions.  This should be the only routine in this file with
-** external linkage.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void){
-  static SQLITE_WSD FuncDef aDateTimeFuncs[] = {
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
-    FUNCTION(julianday,        -1, 0, 0, juliandayFunc ),
-    FUNCTION(date,             -1, 0, 0, dateFunc      ),
-    FUNCTION(time,             -1, 0, 0, timeFunc      ),
-    FUNCTION(datetime,         -1, 0, 0, datetimeFunc  ),
-    FUNCTION(strftime,         -1, 0, 0, strftimeFunc  ),
-    FUNCTION(current_time,      0, 0, 0, ctimeFunc     ),
-    FUNCTION(current_timestamp, 0, 0, 0, ctimestampFunc),
-    FUNCTION(current_date,      0, 0, 0, cdateFunc     ),
-#else
-    STR_FUNCTION(current_time,      0, "%H:%M:%S",          0, currentTimeFunc),
-    STR_FUNCTION(current_date,      0, "%Y-%m-%d",          0, currentTimeFunc),
-    STR_FUNCTION(current_timestamp, 0, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 0, currentTimeFunc),
-#endif
-  };
-  int i;
-  FuncDefHash *pHash = &GLOBAL(FuncDefHash, sqlite3GlobalFunctions);
-  FuncDef *aFunc = (FuncDef*)&GLOBAL(FuncDef, aDateTimeFuncs);
-
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aDateTimeFuncs); i++){
-    sqlite3FuncDefInsert(pHash, &aFunc[i]);
-  }
-}
-
-/************** End of date.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file os.c **********************************************/
-/*
-** 2005 November 29
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains OS interface code that is common to all
-** architectures.
-*/
-#define _SQLITE_OS_C_ 1
-#undef _SQLITE_OS_C_
-
-/*
-** The default SQLite sqlite3_vfs implementations do not allocate
-** memory (actually, os_unix.c allocates a small amount of memory
-** from within OsOpen()), but some third-party implementations may.
-** So we test the effects of a malloc() failing and the sqlite3OsXXX()
-** function returning SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM using the DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST macro.
-**
-** The following functions are instrumented for malloc() failure 
-** testing:
-**
-**     sqlite3OsOpen()
-**     sqlite3OsRead()
-**     sqlite3OsWrite()
-**     sqlite3OsSync()
-**     sqlite3OsLock()
-**
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) && (SQLITE_OS_WIN==0)
-  #define DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(x) if (!x || !sqlite3IsMemJournal(x)) {     \
-    void *pTstAlloc = sqlite3Malloc(10);                             \
-    if (!pTstAlloc) return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;                       \
-    sqlite3_free(pTstAlloc);                                         \
-  }
-#else
-  #define DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(x)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The following routines are convenience wrappers around methods
-** of the sqlite3_file object.  This is mostly just syntactic sugar. All
-** of this would be completely automatic if SQLite were coded using
-** C++ instead of plain old C.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsClose(sqlite3_file *pId){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( pId->pMethods ){
-    rc = pId->pMethods->xClose(pId);
-    pId->pMethods = 0;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsRead(sqlite3_file *id, void *pBuf, int amt, i64 offset){
-  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
-  return id->pMethods->xRead(id, pBuf, amt, offset);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsWrite(sqlite3_file *id, const void *pBuf, int amt, i64 offset){
-  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
-  return id->pMethods->xWrite(id, pBuf, amt, offset);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsTruncate(sqlite3_file *id, i64 size){
-  return id->pMethods->xTruncate(id, size);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSync(sqlite3_file *id, int flags){
-  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
-  return id->pMethods->xSync(id, flags);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileSize(sqlite3_file *id, i64 *pSize){
-  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
-  return id->pMethods->xFileSize(id, pSize);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsLock(sqlite3_file *id, int lockType){
-  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
-  return id->pMethods->xLock(id, lockType);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int lockType){
-  return id->pMethods->xUnlock(id, lockType);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
-  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
-  return id->pMethods->xCheckReservedLock(id, pResOut);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
-  return id->pMethods->xFileControl(id, op, pArg);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSectorSize(sqlite3_file *id){
-  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*) = id->pMethods->xSectorSize;
-  return (xSectorSize ? xSectorSize(id) : SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id){
-  return id->pMethods->xDeviceCharacteristics(id);
-}
-
-/*
-** The next group of routines are convenience wrappers around the
-** VFS methods.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsOpen(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
-  const char *zPath, 
-  sqlite3_file *pFile, 
-  int flags, 
-  int *pFlagsOut
-){
-  int rc;
-  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(0);
-  /* 0x7f3f is a mask of SQLITE_OPEN_ flags that are valid to be passed
-  ** down into the VFS layer.  Some SQLITE_OPEN_ flags (for example,
-  ** SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE) are blocked before
-  ** reaching the VFS. */
-  rc = pVfs->xOpen(pVfs, zPath, pFile, flags & 0x7f3f, pFlagsOut);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pFile->pMethods==0 );
-  return rc;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDelete(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath, int dirSync){
-  return pVfs->xDelete(pVfs, zPath, dirSync);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsAccess(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
-  const char *zPath, 
-  int flags, 
-  int *pResOut
-){
-  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(0);
-  return pVfs->xAccess(pVfs, zPath, flags, pResOut);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFullPathname(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
-  const char *zPath, 
-  int nPathOut, 
-  char *zPathOut
-){
-  zPathOut[0] = 0;
-  return pVfs->xFullPathname(pVfs, zPath, nPathOut, zPathOut);
-}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3OsDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath){
-  return pVfs->xDlOpen(pVfs, zPath);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
-  pVfs->xDlError(pVfs, nByte, zBufOut);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void (*sqlite3OsDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHdle, const char *zSym))(void){
-  return pVfs->xDlSym(pVfs, pHdle, zSym);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
-  pVfs->xDlClose(pVfs, pHandle);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
-  return pVfs->xRandomness(pVfs, nByte, zBufOut);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSleep(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nMicro){
-  return pVfs->xSleep(pVfs, nMicro);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, double *pTimeOut){
-  return pVfs->xCurrentTime(pVfs, pTimeOut);
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsOpenMalloc(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
-  const char *zFile, 
-  sqlite3_file **ppFile, 
-  int flags,
-  int *pOutFlags
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  sqlite3_file *pFile;
-  pFile = (sqlite3_file *)sqlite3Malloc(pVfs->szOsFile);
-  if( pFile ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, zFile, pFile, flags, pOutFlags);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3_free(pFile);
-    }else{
-      *ppFile = pFile;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCloseFree(sqlite3_file *pFile){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  assert( pFile );
-  rc = sqlite3OsClose(pFile);
-  sqlite3_free(pFile);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is a wrapper around the OS specific implementation of
-** sqlite3_os_init(). The purpose of the wrapper is to provide the
-** ability to simulate a malloc failure, so that the handling of an
-** error in sqlite3_os_init() by the upper layers can be tested.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsInit(void){
-  void *p = sqlite3_malloc(10);
-  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  sqlite3_free(p);
-  return sqlite3_os_init();
-}
-
-/*
-** The list of all registered VFS implementations.
-*/
-static sqlite3_vfs * SQLITE_WSD vfsList = 0;
-#define vfsList GLOBAL(sqlite3_vfs *, vfsList)
-
-/*
-** Locate a VFS by name.  If no name is given, simply return the
-** first VFS on the list.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfs){
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = 0;
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  int rc = sqlite3_initialize();
-  if( rc ) return 0;
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-  mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-#endif
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-  for(pVfs = vfsList; pVfs; pVfs=pVfs->pNext){
-    if( zVfs==0 ) break;
-    if( strcmp(zVfs, pVfs->zName)==0 ) break;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
-  return pVfs;
-}
-
-/*
-** Unlink a VFS from the linked list
-*/
-static void vfsUnlink(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER)) );
-  if( pVfs==0 ){
-    /* No-op */
-  }else if( vfsList==pVfs ){
-    vfsList = pVfs->pNext;
-  }else if( vfsList ){
-    sqlite3_vfs *p = vfsList;
-    while( p->pNext && p->pNext!=pVfs ){
-      p = p->pNext;
-    }
-    if( p->pNext==pVfs ){
-      p->pNext = pVfs->pNext;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Register a VFS with the system.  It is harmless to register the same
-** VFS multiple times.  The new VFS becomes the default if makeDflt is
-** true.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int makeDflt){
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = 0;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  int rc = sqlite3_initialize();
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-#endif
-  mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-  vfsUnlink(pVfs);
-  if( makeDflt || vfsList==0 ){
-    pVfs->pNext = vfsList;
-    vfsList = pVfs;
-  }else{
-    pVfs->pNext = vfsList->pNext;
-    vfsList->pNext = pVfs;
-  }
-  assert(vfsList);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Unregister a VFS so that it is no longer accessible.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs){
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-#endif
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-  vfsUnlink(pVfs);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/************** End of os.c **************************************************/
-/************** Begin file fault.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 Jan 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains code to support the concept of "benign" 
-** malloc failures (when the xMalloc() or xRealloc() method of the
-** sqlite3_mem_methods structure fails to allocate a block of memory
-** and returns 0). 
-**
-** Most malloc failures are non-benign. After they occur, SQLite
-** abandons the current operation and returns an error code (usually
-** SQLITE_NOMEM) to the user. However, sometimes a fault is not necessarily
-** fatal. For example, if a malloc fails while resizing a hash table, this 
-** is completely recoverable simply by not carrying out the resize. The 
-** hash table will continue to function normally.  So a malloc failure 
-** during a hash table resize is a benign fault.
-*/
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
-
-/*
-** Global variables.
-*/
-typedef struct BenignMallocHooks BenignMallocHooks;
-static SQLITE_WSD struct BenignMallocHooks {
-  void (*xBenignBegin)(void);
-  void (*xBenignEnd)(void);
-} sqlite3Hooks = { 0, 0 };
-
-/* The "wsdHooks" macro will resolve to the appropriate BenignMallocHooks
-** structure.  If writable static data is unsupported on the target,
-** we have to locate the state vector at run-time.  In the more common
-** case where writable static data is supported, wsdHooks can refer directly
-** to the "sqlite3Hooks" state vector declared above.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
-# define wsdHooksInit \
-  BenignMallocHooks *x = &GLOBAL(BenignMallocHooks,sqlite3Hooks)
-# define wsdHooks x[0]
-#else
-# define wsdHooksInit
-# define wsdHooks sqlite3Hooks
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Register hooks to call when sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc() and
-** sqlite3EndBenignMalloc() are called, respectively.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(
-  void (*xBenignBegin)(void),
-  void (*xBenignEnd)(void)
-){
-  wsdHooksInit;
-  wsdHooks.xBenignBegin = xBenignBegin;
-  wsdHooks.xBenignEnd = xBenignEnd;
-}
-
-/*
-** This (sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()) is called by SQLite code to indicate that
-** subsequent malloc failures are benign. A call to sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
-** indicates that subsequent malloc failures are non-benign.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void){
-  wsdHooksInit;
-  if( wsdHooks.xBenignBegin ){
-    wsdHooks.xBenignBegin();
-  }
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void){
-  wsdHooksInit;
-  if( wsdHooks.xBenignEnd ){
-    wsdHooks.xBenignEnd();
-  }
-}
-
-#endif   /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST */
-
-/************** End of fault.c ***********************************************/
-/************** Begin file mem0.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 October 28
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains a no-op memory allocation drivers for use when
-** SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC is defined.  The allocation drivers implemented
-** here always fail.  SQLite will not operate with these drivers.  These
-** are merely placeholders.  Real drivers must be substituted using
-** sqlite3_config() before SQLite will operate.
-*/
-
-/*
-** This version of the memory allocator is the default.  It is
-** used when no other memory allocator is specified using compile-time
-** macros.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC
-
-/*
-** No-op versions of all memory allocation routines
-*/
-static void *sqlite3MemMalloc(int nByte){ return 0; }
-static void sqlite3MemFree(void *pPrior){ return; }
-static void *sqlite3MemRealloc(void *pPrior, int nByte){ return 0; }
-static int sqlite3MemSize(void *pPrior){ return 0; }
-static int sqlite3MemRoundup(int n){ return n; }
-static int sqlite3MemInit(void *NotUsed){ return SQLITE_OK; }
-static void sqlite3MemShutdown(void *NotUsed){ return; }
-
-/*
-** This routine is the only routine in this file with external linkage.
-**
-** Populate the low-level memory allocation function pointers in
-** sqlite3GlobalConfig.m with pointers to the routines in this file.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void){
-  static const sqlite3_mem_methods defaultMethods = {
-     sqlite3MemMalloc,
-     sqlite3MemFree,
-     sqlite3MemRealloc,
-     sqlite3MemSize,
-     sqlite3MemRoundup,
-     sqlite3MemInit,
-     sqlite3MemShutdown,
-     0
-  };
-  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC, &defaultMethods);
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC */
-
-/************** End of mem0.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file mem1.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 August 14
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains low-level memory allocation drivers for when
-** SQLite will use the standard C-library malloc/realloc/free interface
-** to obtain the memory it needs.
-**
-** This file contains implementations of the low-level memory allocation
-** routines specified in the sqlite3_mem_methods object.
-*/
-
-/*
-** This version of the memory allocator is the default.  It is
-** used when no other memory allocator is specified using compile-time
-** macros.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC
-
-/*
-** Like malloc(), but remember the size of the allocation
-** so that we can find it later using sqlite3MemSize().
-**
-** For this low-level routine, we are guaranteed that nByte>0 because
-** cases of nByte<=0 will be intercepted and dealt with by higher level
-** routines.
-*/
-static void *sqlite3MemMalloc(int nByte){
-  sqlite3_int64 *p;
-  assert( nByte>0 );
-  nByte = ROUND8(nByte);
-  p = malloc( nByte+8 );
-  if( p ){
-    p[0] = nByte;
-    p++;
-  }else{
-    testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_NOMEM, "failed to allocate %u bytes of memory", nByte);
-  }
-  return (void *)p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Like free() but works for allocations obtained from sqlite3MemMalloc()
-** or sqlite3MemRealloc().
-**
-** For this low-level routine, we already know that pPrior!=0 since
-** cases where pPrior==0 will have been intecepted and dealt with
-** by higher-level routines.
-*/
-static void sqlite3MemFree(void *pPrior){
-  sqlite3_int64 *p = (sqlite3_int64*)pPrior;
-  assert( pPrior!=0 );
-  p--;
-  free(p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Report the allocated size of a prior return from xMalloc()
-** or xRealloc().
-*/
-static int sqlite3MemSize(void *pPrior){
-  sqlite3_int64 *p;
-  if( pPrior==0 ) return 0;
-  p = (sqlite3_int64*)pPrior;
-  p--;
-  return (int)p[0];
-}
-
-/*
-** Like realloc().  Resize an allocation previously obtained from
-** sqlite3MemMalloc().
-**
-** For this low-level interface, we know that pPrior!=0.  Cases where
-** pPrior==0 while have been intercepted by higher-level routine and
-** redirected to xMalloc.  Similarly, we know that nByte>0 becauses
-** cases where nByte<=0 will have been intercepted by higher-level
-** routines and redirected to xFree.
-*/
-static void *sqlite3MemRealloc(void *pPrior, int nByte){
-  sqlite3_int64 *p = (sqlite3_int64*)pPrior;
-  assert( pPrior!=0 && nByte>0 );
-  nByte = ROUND8(nByte);
-  p--;
-  p = realloc(p, nByte+8 );
-  if( p ){
-    p[0] = nByte;
-    p++;
-  }else{
-    testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_NOMEM,
-      "failed memory resize %u to %u bytes",
-      sqlite3MemSize(pPrior), nByte);
-  }
-  return (void*)p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Round up a request size to the next valid allocation size.
-*/
-static int sqlite3MemRoundup(int n){
-  return ROUND8(n);
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize this module.
-*/
-static int sqlite3MemInit(void *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Deinitialize this module.
-*/
-static void sqlite3MemShutdown(void *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  return;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is the only routine in this file with external linkage.
-**
-** Populate the low-level memory allocation function pointers in
-** sqlite3GlobalConfig.m with pointers to the routines in this file.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void){
-  static const sqlite3_mem_methods defaultMethods = {
-     sqlite3MemMalloc,
-     sqlite3MemFree,
-     sqlite3MemRealloc,
-     sqlite3MemSize,
-     sqlite3MemRoundup,
-     sqlite3MemInit,
-     sqlite3MemShutdown,
-     0
-  };
-  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC, &defaultMethods);
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC */
-
-/************** End of mem1.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file mem2.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 August 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains low-level memory allocation drivers for when
-** SQLite will use the standard C-library malloc/realloc/free interface
-** to obtain the memory it needs while adding lots of additional debugging
-** information to each allocation in order to help detect and fix memory
-** leaks and memory usage errors.
-**
-** This file contains implementations of the low-level memory allocation
-** routines specified in the sqlite3_mem_methods object.
-*/
-
-/*
-** This version of the memory allocator is used only if the
-** SQLITE_MEMDEBUG macro is defined
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
-
-/*
-** The backtrace functionality is only available with GLIBC
-*/
-#ifdef __GLIBC__
-  extern int backtrace(void**,int);
-  extern void backtrace_symbols_fd(void*const*,int,int);
-#else
-# define backtrace(A,B) 1
-# define backtrace_symbols_fd(A,B,C)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Each memory allocation looks like this:
-**
-**  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-**  | Title |  backtrace pointers |  MemBlockHdr |  allocation |  EndGuard |
-**  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-**
-** The application code sees only a pointer to the allocation.  We have
-** to back up from the allocation pointer to find the MemBlockHdr.  The
-** MemBlockHdr tells us the size of the allocation and the number of
-** backtrace pointers.  There is also a guard word at the end of the
-** MemBlockHdr.
-*/
-struct MemBlockHdr {
-  i64 iSize;                          /* Size of this allocation */
-  struct MemBlockHdr *pNext, *pPrev;  /* Linked list of all unfreed memory */
-  char nBacktrace;                    /* Number of backtraces on this alloc */
-  char nBacktraceSlots;               /* Available backtrace slots */
-  short nTitle;                       /* Bytes of title; includes '\0' */
-  int iForeGuard;                     /* Guard word for sanity */
-};
-
-/*
-** Guard words
-*/
-#define FOREGUARD 0x80F5E153
-#define REARGUARD 0xE4676B53
-
-/*
-** Number of malloc size increments to track.
-*/
-#define NCSIZE  1000
-
-/*
-** All of the static variables used by this module are collected
-** into a single structure named "mem".  This is to keep the
-** static variables organized and to reduce namespace pollution
-** when this module is combined with other in the amalgamation.
-*/
-static struct {
-  
-  /*
-  ** Mutex to control access to the memory allocation subsystem.
-  */
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
-
-  /*
-  ** Head and tail of a linked list of all outstanding allocations
-  */
-  struct MemBlockHdr *pFirst;
-  struct MemBlockHdr *pLast;
-  
-  /*
-  ** The number of levels of backtrace to save in new allocations.
-  */
-  int nBacktrace;
-  void (*xBacktrace)(int, int, void **);
-
-  /*
-  ** Title text to insert in front of each block
-  */
-  int nTitle;        /* Bytes of zTitle to save.  Includes '\0' and padding */
-  char zTitle[100];  /* The title text */
-
-  /* 
-  ** sqlite3MallocDisallow() increments the following counter.
-  ** sqlite3MallocAllow() decrements it.
-  */
-  int disallow; /* Do not allow memory allocation */
-
-  /*
-  ** Gather statistics on the sizes of memory allocations.
-  ** nAlloc[i] is the number of allocation attempts of i*8
-  ** bytes.  i==NCSIZE is the number of allocation attempts for
-  ** sizes more than NCSIZE*8 bytes.
-  */
-  int nAlloc[NCSIZE];      /* Total number of allocations */
-  int nCurrent[NCSIZE];    /* Current number of allocations */
-  int mxCurrent[NCSIZE];   /* Highwater mark for nCurrent */
-
-} mem;
-
-
-/*
-** Adjust memory usage statistics
-*/
-static void adjustStats(int iSize, int increment){
-  int i = ROUND8(iSize)/8;
-  if( i>NCSIZE-1 ){
-    i = NCSIZE - 1;
-  }
-  if( increment>0 ){
-    mem.nAlloc[i]++;
-    mem.nCurrent[i]++;
-    if( mem.nCurrent[i]>mem.mxCurrent[i] ){
-      mem.mxCurrent[i] = mem.nCurrent[i];
-    }
-  }else{
-    mem.nCurrent[i]--;
-    assert( mem.nCurrent[i]>=0 );
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Given an allocation, find the MemBlockHdr for that allocation.
-**
-** This routine checks the guards at either end of the allocation and
-** if they are incorrect it asserts.
-*/
-static struct MemBlockHdr *sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(void *pAllocation){
-  struct MemBlockHdr *p;
-  int *pInt;
-  u8 *pU8;
-  int nReserve;
-
-  p = (struct MemBlockHdr*)pAllocation;
-  p--;
-  assert( p->iForeGuard==(int)FOREGUARD );
-  nReserve = ROUND8(p->iSize);
-  pInt = (int*)pAllocation;
-  pU8 = (u8*)pAllocation;
-  assert( pInt[nReserve/sizeof(int)]==(int)REARGUARD );
-  /* This checks any of the "extra" bytes allocated due
-  ** to rounding up to an 8 byte boundary to ensure 
-  ** they haven't been overwritten.
-  */
-  while( nReserve-- > p->iSize ) assert( pU8[nReserve]==0x65 );
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of bytes currently allocated at address p.
-*/
-static int sqlite3MemSize(void *p){
-  struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
-  if( !p ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(p);
-  return pHdr->iSize;
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize the memory allocation subsystem.
-*/
-static int sqlite3MemInit(void *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  assert( (sizeof(struct MemBlockHdr)&7) == 0 );
-  if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
-    /* If memory status is enabled, then the malloc.c wrapper will already
-    ** hold the STATIC_MEM mutex when the routines here are invoked. */
-    mem.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Deinitialize the memory allocation subsystem.
-*/
-static void sqlite3MemShutdown(void *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  mem.mutex = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Round up a request size to the next valid allocation size.
-*/
-static int sqlite3MemRoundup(int n){
-  return ROUND8(n);
-}
-
-/*
-** Fill a buffer with pseudo-random bytes.  This is used to preset
-** the content of a new memory allocation to unpredictable values and
-** to clear the content of a freed allocation to unpredictable values.
-*/
-static void randomFill(char *pBuf, int nByte){
-  unsigned int x, y, r;
-  x = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pBuf);
-  y = nByte | 1;
-  while( nByte >= 4 ){
-    x = (x>>1) ^ (-(x&1) & 0xd0000001);
-    y = y*1103515245 + 12345;
-    r = x ^ y;
-    *(int*)pBuf = r;
-    pBuf += 4;
-    nByte -= 4;
-  }
-  while( nByte-- > 0 ){
-    x = (x>>1) ^ (-(x&1) & 0xd0000001);
-    y = y*1103515245 + 12345;
-    r = x ^ y;
-    *(pBuf++) = r & 0xff;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate nByte bytes of memory.
-*/
-static void *sqlite3MemMalloc(int nByte){
-  struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
-  void **pBt;
-  char *z;
-  int *pInt;
-  void *p = 0;
-  int totalSize;
-  int nReserve;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  assert( mem.disallow==0 );
-  nReserve = ROUND8(nByte);
-  totalSize = nReserve + sizeof(*pHdr) + sizeof(int) +
-               mem.nBacktrace*sizeof(void*) + mem.nTitle;
-  p = malloc(totalSize);
-  if( p ){
-    z = p;
-    pBt = (void**)&z[mem.nTitle];
-    pHdr = (struct MemBlockHdr*)&pBt[mem.nBacktrace];
-    pHdr->pNext = 0;
-    pHdr->pPrev = mem.pLast;
-    if( mem.pLast ){
-      mem.pLast->pNext = pHdr;
-    }else{
-      mem.pFirst = pHdr;
-    }
-    mem.pLast = pHdr;
-    pHdr->iForeGuard = FOREGUARD;
-    pHdr->nBacktraceSlots = mem.nBacktrace;
-    pHdr->nTitle = mem.nTitle;
-    if( mem.nBacktrace ){
-      void *aAddr[40];
-      pHdr->nBacktrace = backtrace(aAddr, mem.nBacktrace+1)-1;
-      memcpy(pBt, &aAddr[1], pHdr->nBacktrace*sizeof(void*));
-      assert(pBt[0]);
-      if( mem.xBacktrace ){
-        mem.xBacktrace(nByte, pHdr->nBacktrace-1, &aAddr[1]);
-      }
-    }else{
-      pHdr->nBacktrace = 0;
-    }
-    if( mem.nTitle ){
-      memcpy(z, mem.zTitle, mem.nTitle);
-    }
-    pHdr->iSize = nByte;
-    adjustStats(nByte, +1);
-    pInt = (int*)&pHdr[1];
-    pInt[nReserve/sizeof(int)] = REARGUARD;
-    randomFill((char*)pInt, nByte);
-    memset(((char*)pInt)+nByte, 0x65, nReserve-nByte);
-    p = (void*)pInt;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return p; 
-}
-
-/*
-** Free memory.
-*/
-static void sqlite3MemFree(void *pPrior){
-  struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
-  void **pBt;
-  char *z;
-  assert( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat || sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex==0 
-       || mem.mutex!=0 );
-  pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(pPrior);
-  pBt = (void**)pHdr;
-  pBt -= pHdr->nBacktraceSlots;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  if( pHdr->pPrev ){
-    assert( pHdr->pPrev->pNext==pHdr );
-    pHdr->pPrev->pNext = pHdr->pNext;
-  }else{
-    assert( mem.pFirst==pHdr );
-    mem.pFirst = pHdr->pNext;
-  }
-  if( pHdr->pNext ){
-    assert( pHdr->pNext->pPrev==pHdr );
-    pHdr->pNext->pPrev = pHdr->pPrev;
-  }else{
-    assert( mem.pLast==pHdr );
-    mem.pLast = pHdr->pPrev;
-  }
-  z = (char*)pBt;
-  z -= pHdr->nTitle;
-  adjustStats(pHdr->iSize, -1);
-  randomFill(z, sizeof(void*)*pHdr->nBacktraceSlots + sizeof(*pHdr) +
-                pHdr->iSize + sizeof(int) + pHdr->nTitle);
-  free(z);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);  
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the size of an existing memory allocation.
-**
-** For this debugging implementation, we *always* make a copy of the
-** allocation into a new place in memory.  In this way, if the 
-** higher level code is using pointer to the old allocation, it is 
-** much more likely to break and we are much more liking to find
-** the error.
-*/
-static void *sqlite3MemRealloc(void *pPrior, int nByte){
-  struct MemBlockHdr *pOldHdr;
-  void *pNew;
-  assert( mem.disallow==0 );
-  pOldHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(pPrior);
-  pNew = sqlite3MemMalloc(nByte);
-  if( pNew ){
-    memcpy(pNew, pPrior, nByte<pOldHdr->iSize ? nByte : pOldHdr->iSize);
-    if( nByte>pOldHdr->iSize ){
-      randomFill(&((char*)pNew)[pOldHdr->iSize], nByte - pOldHdr->iSize);
-    }
-    sqlite3MemFree(pPrior);
-  }
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** Populate the low-level memory allocation function pointers in
-** sqlite3GlobalConfig.m with pointers to the routines in this file.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void){
-  static const sqlite3_mem_methods defaultMethods = {
-     sqlite3MemMalloc,
-     sqlite3MemFree,
-     sqlite3MemRealloc,
-     sqlite3MemSize,
-     sqlite3MemRoundup,
-     sqlite3MemInit,
-     sqlite3MemShutdown,
-     0
-  };
-  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC, &defaultMethods);
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the number of backtrace levels kept for each allocation.
-** A value of zero turns off backtracing.  The number is always rounded
-** up to a multiple of 2.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugBacktrace(int depth){
-  if( depth<0 ){ depth = 0; }
-  if( depth>20 ){ depth = 20; }
-  depth = (depth+1)&0xfe;
-  mem.nBacktrace = depth;
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugBacktraceCallback(void (*xBacktrace)(int, int, void **)){
-  mem.xBacktrace = xBacktrace;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the title string for subsequent allocations.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugSettitle(const char *zTitle){
-  unsigned int n = sqlite3Strlen30(zTitle) + 1;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  if( n>=sizeof(mem.zTitle) ) n = sizeof(mem.zTitle)-1;
-  memcpy(mem.zTitle, zTitle, n);
-  mem.zTitle[n] = 0;
-  mem.nTitle = ROUND8(n);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugSync(){
-  struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
-  for(pHdr=mem.pFirst; pHdr; pHdr=pHdr->pNext){
-    void **pBt = (void**)pHdr;
-    pBt -= pHdr->nBacktraceSlots;
-    mem.xBacktrace(pHdr->iSize, pHdr->nBacktrace-1, &pBt[1]);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory 
-** allocations into that log.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugDump(const char *zFilename){
-  FILE *out;
-  struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
-  void **pBt;
-  int i;
-  out = fopen(zFilename, "w");
-  if( out==0 ){
-    fprintf(stderr, "** Unable to output memory debug output log: %s **\n",
-                    zFilename);
-    return;
-  }
-  for(pHdr=mem.pFirst; pHdr; pHdr=pHdr->pNext){
-    char *z = (char*)pHdr;
-    z -= pHdr->nBacktraceSlots*sizeof(void*) + pHdr->nTitle;
-    fprintf(out, "**** %lld bytes at %p from %s ****\n", 
-            pHdr->iSize, &pHdr[1], pHdr->nTitle ? z : "???");
-    if( pHdr->nBacktrace ){
-      fflush(out);
-      pBt = (void**)pHdr;
-      pBt -= pHdr->nBacktraceSlots;
-      backtrace_symbols_fd(pBt, pHdr->nBacktrace, fileno(out));
-      fprintf(out, "\n");
-    }
-  }
-  fprintf(out, "COUNTS:\n");
-  for(i=0; i<NCSIZE-1; i++){
-    if( mem.nAlloc[i] ){
-      fprintf(out, "   %5d: %10d %10d %10d\n", 
-            i*8, mem.nAlloc[i], mem.nCurrent[i], mem.mxCurrent[i]);
-    }
-  }
-  if( mem.nAlloc[NCSIZE-1] ){
-    fprintf(out, "   %5d: %10d %10d %10d\n",
-             NCSIZE*8-8, mem.nAlloc[NCSIZE-1],
-             mem.nCurrent[NCSIZE-1], mem.mxCurrent[NCSIZE-1]);
-  }
-  fclose(out);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of times sqlite3MemMalloc() has been called.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugMallocCount(){
-  int i;
-  int nTotal = 0;
-  for(i=0; i<NCSIZE; i++){
-    nTotal += mem.nAlloc[i];
-  }
-  return nTotal;
-}
-
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_MEMDEBUG */
-
-/************** End of mem2.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file mem3.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 October 14
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the C functions that implement a memory
-** allocation subsystem for use by SQLite. 
-**
-** This version of the memory allocation subsystem omits all
-** use of malloc(). The SQLite user supplies a block of memory
-** before calling sqlite3_initialize() from which allocations
-** are made and returned by the xMalloc() and xRealloc() 
-** implementations. Once sqlite3_initialize() has been called,
-** the amount of memory available to SQLite is fixed and cannot
-** be changed.
-**
-** This version of the memory allocation subsystem is included
-** in the build only if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3 is defined.
-*/
-
-/*
-** This version of the memory allocator is only built into the library
-** SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3 is defined. Defining this symbol does not
-** mean that the library will use a memory-pool by default, just that
-** it is available. The mempool allocator is activated by calling
-** sqlite3_config().
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
-
-/*
-** Maximum size (in Mem3Blocks) of a "small" chunk.
-*/
-#define MX_SMALL 10
-
-
-/*
-** Number of freelist hash slots
-*/
-#define N_HASH  61
-
-/*
-** A memory allocation (also called a "chunk") consists of two or 
-** more blocks where each block is 8 bytes.  The first 8 bytes are 
-** a header that is not returned to the user.
-**
-** A chunk is two or more blocks that is either checked out or
-** free.  The first block has format u.hdr.  u.hdr.size4x is 4 times the
-** size of the allocation in blocks if the allocation is free.
-** The u.hdr.size4x&1 bit is true if the chunk is checked out and
-** false if the chunk is on the freelist.  The u.hdr.size4x&2 bit
-** is true if the previous chunk is checked out and false if the
-** previous chunk is free.  The u.hdr.prevSize field is the size of
-** the previous chunk in blocks if the previous chunk is on the
-** freelist. If the previous chunk is checked out, then
-** u.hdr.prevSize can be part of the data for that chunk and should
-** not be read or written.
-**
-** We often identify a chunk by its index in mem3.aPool[].  When
-** this is done, the chunk index refers to the second block of
-** the chunk.  In this way, the first chunk has an index of 1.
-** A chunk index of 0 means "no such chunk" and is the equivalent
-** of a NULL pointer.
-**
-** The second block of free chunks is of the form u.list.  The
-** two fields form a double-linked list of chunks of related sizes.
-** Pointers to the head of the list are stored in mem3.aiSmall[] 
-** for smaller chunks and mem3.aiHash[] for larger chunks.
-**
-** The second block of a chunk is user data if the chunk is checked 
-** out.  If a chunk is checked out, the user data may extend into
-** the u.hdr.prevSize value of the following chunk.
-*/
-typedef struct Mem3Block Mem3Block;
-struct Mem3Block {
-  union {
-    struct {
-      u32 prevSize;   /* Size of previous chunk in Mem3Block elements */
-      u32 size4x;     /* 4x the size of current chunk in Mem3Block elements */
-    } hdr;
-    struct {
-      u32 next;       /* Index in mem3.aPool[] of next free chunk */
-      u32 prev;       /* Index in mem3.aPool[] of previous free chunk */
-    } list;
-  } u;
-};
-
-/*
-** All of the static variables used by this module are collected
-** into a single structure named "mem3".  This is to keep the
-** static variables organized and to reduce namespace pollution
-** when this module is combined with other in the amalgamation.
-*/
-static SQLITE_WSD struct Mem3Global {
-  /*
-  ** Memory available for allocation. nPool is the size of the array
-  ** (in Mem3Blocks) pointed to by aPool less 2.
-  */
-  u32 nPool;
-  Mem3Block *aPool;
-
-  /*
-  ** True if we are evaluating an out-of-memory callback.
-  */
-  int alarmBusy;
-  
-  /*
-  ** Mutex to control access to the memory allocation subsystem.
-  */
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
-  
-  /*
-  ** The minimum amount of free space that we have seen.
-  */
-  u32 mnMaster;
-
-  /*
-  ** iMaster is the index of the master chunk.  Most new allocations
-  ** occur off of this chunk.  szMaster is the size (in Mem3Blocks)
-  ** of the current master.  iMaster is 0 if there is not master chunk.
-  ** The master chunk is not in either the aiHash[] or aiSmall[].
-  */
-  u32 iMaster;
-  u32 szMaster;
-
-  /*
-  ** Array of lists of free blocks according to the block size 
-  ** for smaller chunks, or a hash on the block size for larger
-  ** chunks.
-  */
-  u32 aiSmall[MX_SMALL-1];   /* For sizes 2 through MX_SMALL, inclusive */
-  u32 aiHash[N_HASH];        /* For sizes MX_SMALL+1 and larger */
-} mem3 = { 97535575 };
-
-#define mem3 GLOBAL(struct Mem3Global, mem3)
-
-/*
-** Unlink the chunk at mem3.aPool[i] from list it is currently
-** on.  *pRoot is the list that i is a member of.
-*/
-static void memsys3UnlinkFromList(u32 i, u32 *pRoot){
-  u32 next = mem3.aPool[i].u.list.next;
-  u32 prev = mem3.aPool[i].u.list.prev;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
-  if( prev==0 ){
-    *pRoot = next;
-  }else{
-    mem3.aPool[prev].u.list.next = next;
-  }
-  if( next ){
-    mem3.aPool[next].u.list.prev = prev;
-  }
-  mem3.aPool[i].u.list.next = 0;
-  mem3.aPool[i].u.list.prev = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Unlink the chunk at index i from 
-** whatever list is currently a member of.
-*/
-static void memsys3Unlink(u32 i){
-  u32 size, hash;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
-  assert( (mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x & 1)==0 );
-  assert( i>=1 );
-  size = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
-  assert( size==mem3.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize );
-  assert( size>=2 );
-  if( size <= MX_SMALL ){
-    memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem3.aiSmall[size-2]);
-  }else{
-    hash = size % N_HASH;
-    memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem3.aiHash[hash]);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Link the chunk at mem3.aPool[i] so that is on the list rooted
-** at *pRoot.
-*/
-static void memsys3LinkIntoList(u32 i, u32 *pRoot){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
-  mem3.aPool[i].u.list.next = *pRoot;
-  mem3.aPool[i].u.list.prev = 0;
-  if( *pRoot ){
-    mem3.aPool[*pRoot].u.list.prev = i;
-  }
-  *pRoot = i;
-}
-
-/*
-** Link the chunk at index i into either the appropriate
-** small chunk list, or into the large chunk hash table.
-*/
-static void memsys3Link(u32 i){
-  u32 size, hash;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
-  assert( i>=1 );
-  assert( (mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x & 1)==0 );
-  size = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
-  assert( size==mem3.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize );
-  assert( size>=2 );
-  if( size <= MX_SMALL ){
-    memsys3LinkIntoList(i, &mem3.aiSmall[size-2]);
-  }else{
-    hash = size % N_HASH;
-    memsys3LinkIntoList(i, &mem3.aiHash[hash]);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** If the STATIC_MEM mutex is not already held, obtain it now. The mutex
-** will already be held (obtained by code in malloc.c) if
-** sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemStat is true.
-*/
-static void memsys3Enter(void){
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat==0 && mem3.mutex==0 ){
-    mem3.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem3.mutex);
-}
-static void memsys3Leave(void){
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem3.mutex);
-}
-
-/*
-** Called when we are unable to satisfy an allocation of nBytes.
-*/
-static void memsys3OutOfMemory(int nByte){
-  if( !mem3.alarmBusy ){
-    mem3.alarmBusy = 1;
-    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem3.mutex);
-    sqlite3_release_memory(nByte);
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem3.mutex);
-    mem3.alarmBusy = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Chunk i is a free chunk that has been unlinked.  Adjust its 
-** size parameters for check-out and return a pointer to the 
-** user portion of the chunk.
-*/
-static void *memsys3Checkout(u32 i, u32 nBlock){
-  u32 x;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
-  assert( i>=1 );
-  assert( mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4==nBlock );
-  assert( mem3.aPool[i+nBlock-1].u.hdr.prevSize==nBlock );
-  x = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x;
-  mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x = nBlock*4 | 1 | (x&2);
-  mem3.aPool[i+nBlock-1].u.hdr.prevSize = nBlock;
-  mem3.aPool[i+nBlock-1].u.hdr.size4x |= 2;
-  return &mem3.aPool[i];
-}
-
-/*
-** Carve a piece off of the end of the mem3.iMaster free chunk.
-** Return a pointer to the new allocation.  Or, if the master chunk
-** is not large enough, return 0.
-*/
-static void *memsys3FromMaster(u32 nBlock){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
-  assert( mem3.szMaster>=nBlock );
-  if( nBlock>=mem3.szMaster-1 ){
-    /* Use the entire master */
-    void *p = memsys3Checkout(mem3.iMaster, mem3.szMaster);
-    mem3.iMaster = 0;
-    mem3.szMaster = 0;
-    mem3.mnMaster = 0;
-    return p;
-  }else{
-    /* Split the master block.  Return the tail. */
-    u32 newi, x;
-    newi = mem3.iMaster + mem3.szMaster - nBlock;
-    assert( newi > mem3.iMaster+1 );
-    mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = nBlock;
-    mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x |= 2;
-    mem3.aPool[newi-1].u.hdr.size4x = nBlock*4 + 1;
-    mem3.szMaster -= nBlock;
-    mem3.aPool[newi-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szMaster;
-    x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
-    mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szMaster*4 | x;
-    if( mem3.szMaster < mem3.mnMaster ){
-      mem3.mnMaster = mem3.szMaster;
-    }
-    return (void*)&mem3.aPool[newi];
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** *pRoot is the head of a list of free chunks of the same size
-** or same size hash.  In other words, *pRoot is an entry in either
-** mem3.aiSmall[] or mem3.aiHash[].  
-**
-** This routine examines all entries on the given list and tries
-** to coalesce each entries with adjacent free chunks.  
-**
-** If it sees a chunk that is larger than mem3.iMaster, it replaces 
-** the current mem3.iMaster with the new larger chunk.  In order for
-** this mem3.iMaster replacement to work, the master chunk must be
-** linked into the hash tables.  That is not the normal state of
-** affairs, of course.  The calling routine must link the master
-** chunk before invoking this routine, then must unlink the (possibly
-** changed) master chunk once this routine has finished.
-*/
-static void memsys3Merge(u32 *pRoot){
-  u32 iNext, prev, size, i, x;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
-  for(i=*pRoot; i>0; i=iNext){
-    iNext = mem3.aPool[i].u.list.next;
-    size = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x;
-    assert( (size&1)==0 );
-    if( (size&2)==0 ){
-      memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, pRoot);
-      assert( i > mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.prevSize );
-      prev = i - mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.prevSize;
-      if( prev==iNext ){
-        iNext = mem3.aPool[prev].u.list.next;
-      }
-      memsys3Unlink(prev);
-      size = i + size/4 - prev;
-      x = mem3.aPool[prev-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
-      mem3.aPool[prev-1].u.hdr.size4x = size*4 | x;
-      mem3.aPool[prev+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize = size;
-      memsys3Link(prev);
-      i = prev;
-    }else{
-      size /= 4;
-    }
-    if( size>mem3.szMaster ){
-      mem3.iMaster = i;
-      mem3.szMaster = size;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a block of memory of at least nBytes in size.
-** Return NULL if unable.
-**
-** This function assumes that the necessary mutexes, if any, are
-** already held by the caller. Hence "Unsafe".
-*/
-static void *memsys3MallocUnsafe(int nByte){
-  u32 i;
-  u32 nBlock;
-  u32 toFree;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
-  assert( sizeof(Mem3Block)==8 );
-  if( nByte<=12 ){
-    nBlock = 2;
-  }else{
-    nBlock = (nByte + 11)/8;
-  }
-  assert( nBlock>=2 );
-
-  /* STEP 1:
-  ** Look for an entry of the correct size in either the small
-  ** chunk table or in the large chunk hash table.  This is
-  ** successful most of the time (about 9 times out of 10).
-  */
-  if( nBlock <= MX_SMALL ){
-    i = mem3.aiSmall[nBlock-2];
-    if( i>0 ){
-      memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem3.aiSmall[nBlock-2]);
-      return memsys3Checkout(i, nBlock);
-    }
-  }else{
-    int hash = nBlock % N_HASH;
-    for(i=mem3.aiHash[hash]; i>0; i=mem3.aPool[i].u.list.next){
-      if( mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4==nBlock ){
-        memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem3.aiHash[hash]);
-        return memsys3Checkout(i, nBlock);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* STEP 2:
-  ** Try to satisfy the allocation by carving a piece off of the end
-  ** of the master chunk.  This step usually works if step 1 fails.
-  */
-  if( mem3.szMaster>=nBlock ){
-    return memsys3FromMaster(nBlock);
-  }
-
-
-  /* STEP 3:  
-  ** Loop through the entire memory pool.  Coalesce adjacent free
-  ** chunks.  Recompute the master chunk as the largest free chunk.
-  ** Then try again to satisfy the allocation by carving a piece off
-  ** of the end of the master chunk.  This step happens very
-  ** rarely (we hope!)
-  */
-  for(toFree=nBlock*16; toFree<(mem3.nPool*16); toFree *= 2){
-    memsys3OutOfMemory(toFree);
-    if( mem3.iMaster ){
-      memsys3Link(mem3.iMaster);
-      mem3.iMaster = 0;
-      mem3.szMaster = 0;
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<N_HASH; i++){
-      memsys3Merge(&mem3.aiHash[i]);
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<MX_SMALL-1; i++){
-      memsys3Merge(&mem3.aiSmall[i]);
-    }
-    if( mem3.szMaster ){
-      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iMaster);
-      if( mem3.szMaster>=nBlock ){
-        return memsys3FromMaster(nBlock);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If none of the above worked, then we fail. */
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Free an outstanding memory allocation.
-**
-** This function assumes that the necessary mutexes, if any, are
-** already held by the caller. Hence "Unsafe".
-*/
-void memsys3FreeUnsafe(void *pOld){
-  Mem3Block *p = (Mem3Block*)pOld;
-  int i;
-  u32 size, x;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
-  assert( p>mem3.aPool && p<&mem3.aPool[mem3.nPool] );
-  i = p - mem3.aPool;
-  assert( (mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x&1)==1 );
-  size = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
-  assert( i+size<=mem3.nPool+1 );
-  mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x &= ~1;
-  mem3.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize = size;
-  mem3.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.size4x &= ~2;
-  memsys3Link(i);
-
-  /* Try to expand the master using the newly freed chunk */
-  if( mem3.iMaster ){
-    while( (mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x&2)==0 ){
-      size = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize;
-      mem3.iMaster -= size;
-      mem3.szMaster += size;
-      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iMaster);
-      x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
-      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szMaster*4 | x;
-      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szMaster;
-    }
-    x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
-    while( (mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x&1)==0 ){
-      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster);
-      mem3.szMaster += mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
-      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szMaster*4 | x;
-      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szMaster;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the size of an outstanding allocation, in bytes.  The
-** size returned omits the 8-byte header overhead.  This only
-** works for chunks that are currently checked out.
-*/
-static int memsys3Size(void *p){
-  Mem3Block *pBlock;
-  if( p==0 ) return 0;
-  pBlock = (Mem3Block*)p;
-  assert( (pBlock[-1].u.hdr.size4x&1)!=0 );
-  return (pBlock[-1].u.hdr.size4x&~3)*2 - 4;
-}
-
-/*
-** Round up a request size to the next valid allocation size.
-*/
-static int memsys3Roundup(int n){
-  if( n<=12 ){
-    return 12;
-  }else{
-    return ((n+11)&~7) - 4;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate nBytes of memory.
-*/
-static void *memsys3Malloc(int nBytes){
-  sqlite3_int64 *p;
-  assert( nBytes>0 );          /* malloc.c filters out 0 byte requests */
-  memsys3Enter();
-  p = memsys3MallocUnsafe(nBytes);
-  memsys3Leave();
-  return (void*)p; 
-}
-
-/*
-** Free memory.
-*/
-void memsys3Free(void *pPrior){
-  assert( pPrior );
-  memsys3Enter();
-  memsys3FreeUnsafe(pPrior);
-  memsys3Leave();
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the size of an existing memory allocation
-*/
-void *memsys3Realloc(void *pPrior, int nBytes){
-  int nOld;
-  void *p;
-  if( pPrior==0 ){
-    return sqlite3_malloc(nBytes);
-  }
-  if( nBytes<=0 ){
-    sqlite3_free(pPrior);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  nOld = memsys3Size(pPrior);
-  if( nBytes<=nOld && nBytes>=nOld-128 ){
-    return pPrior;
-  }
-  memsys3Enter();
-  p = memsys3MallocUnsafe(nBytes);
-  if( p ){
-    if( nOld<nBytes ){
-      memcpy(p, pPrior, nOld);
-    }else{
-      memcpy(p, pPrior, nBytes);
-    }
-    memsys3FreeUnsafe(pPrior);
-  }
-  memsys3Leave();
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize this module.
-*/
-static int memsys3Init(void *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  /* Store a pointer to the memory block in global structure mem3. */
-  assert( sizeof(Mem3Block)==8 );
-  mem3.aPool = (Mem3Block *)sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap;
-  mem3.nPool = (sqlite3GlobalConfig.nHeap / sizeof(Mem3Block)) - 2;
-
-  /* Initialize the master block. */
-  mem3.szMaster = mem3.nPool;
-  mem3.mnMaster = mem3.szMaster;
-  mem3.iMaster = 1;
-  mem3.aPool[0].u.hdr.size4x = (mem3.szMaster<<2) + 2;
-  mem3.aPool[mem3.nPool].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.nPool;
-  mem3.aPool[mem3.nPool].u.hdr.size4x = 1;
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Deinitialize this module.
-*/
-static void memsys3Shutdown(void *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  mem3.mutex = 0;
-  return;
-}
-
-
-
-/*
-** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory 
-** allocations into that log.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Memsys3Dump(const char *zFilename){
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  FILE *out;
-  u32 i, j;
-  u32 size;
-  if( zFilename==0 || zFilename[0]==0 ){
-    out = stdout;
-  }else{
-    out = fopen(zFilename, "w");
-    if( out==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "** Unable to output memory debug output log: %s **\n",
-                      zFilename);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  memsys3Enter();
-  fprintf(out, "CHUNKS:\n");
-  for(i=1; i<=mem3.nPool; i+=size/4){
-    size = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x;
-    if( size/4<=1 ){
-      fprintf(out, "%p size error\n", &mem3.aPool[i]);
-      assert( 0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    if( (size&1)==0 && mem3.aPool[i+size/4-1].u.hdr.prevSize!=size/4 ){
-      fprintf(out, "%p tail size does not match\n", &mem3.aPool[i]);
-      assert( 0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    if( ((mem3.aPool[i+size/4-1].u.hdr.size4x&2)>>1)!=(size&1) ){
-      fprintf(out, "%p tail checkout bit is incorrect\n", &mem3.aPool[i]);
-      assert( 0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    if( size&1 ){
-      fprintf(out, "%p %6d bytes checked out\n", &mem3.aPool[i], (size/4)*8-8);
-    }else{
-      fprintf(out, "%p %6d bytes free%s\n", &mem3.aPool[i], (size/4)*8-8,
-                  i==mem3.iMaster ? " **master**" : "");
-    }
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<MX_SMALL-1; i++){
-    if( mem3.aiSmall[i]==0 ) continue;
-    fprintf(out, "small(%2d):", i);
-    for(j = mem3.aiSmall[i]; j>0; j=mem3.aPool[j].u.list.next){
-      fprintf(out, " %p(%d)", &mem3.aPool[j],
-              (mem3.aPool[j-1].u.hdr.size4x/4)*8-8);
-    }
-    fprintf(out, "\n"); 
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<N_HASH; i++){
-    if( mem3.aiHash[i]==0 ) continue;
-    fprintf(out, "hash(%2d):", i);
-    for(j = mem3.aiHash[i]; j>0; j=mem3.aPool[j].u.list.next){
-      fprintf(out, " %p(%d)", &mem3.aPool[j],
-              (mem3.aPool[j-1].u.hdr.size4x/4)*8-8);
-    }
-    fprintf(out, "\n"); 
-  }
-  fprintf(out, "master=%d\n", mem3.iMaster);
-  fprintf(out, "nowUsed=%d\n", mem3.nPool*8 - mem3.szMaster*8);
-  fprintf(out, "mxUsed=%d\n", mem3.nPool*8 - mem3.mnMaster*8);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem3.mutex);
-  if( out==stdout ){
-    fflush(stdout);
-  }else{
-    fclose(out);
-  }
-#else
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(zFilename);
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is the only routine in this file with external 
-** linkage.
-**
-** Populate the low-level memory allocation function pointers in
-** sqlite3GlobalConfig.m with pointers to the routines in this file. The
-** arguments specify the block of memory to manage.
-**
-** This routine is only called by sqlite3_config(), and therefore
-** is not required to be threadsafe (it is not).
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void){
-  static const sqlite3_mem_methods mempoolMethods = {
-     memsys3Malloc,
-     memsys3Free,
-     memsys3Realloc,
-     memsys3Size,
-     memsys3Roundup,
-     memsys3Init,
-     memsys3Shutdown,
-     0
-  };
-  return &mempoolMethods;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3 */
-
-/************** End of mem3.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file mem5.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 October 14
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the C functions that implement a memory
-** allocation subsystem for use by SQLite. 
-**
-** This version of the memory allocation subsystem omits all
-** use of malloc(). The application gives SQLite a block of memory
-** before calling sqlite3_initialize() from which allocations
-** are made and returned by the xMalloc() and xRealloc() 
-** implementations. Once sqlite3_initialize() has been called,
-** the amount of memory available to SQLite is fixed and cannot
-** be changed.
-**
-** This version of the memory allocation subsystem is included
-** in the build only if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5 is defined.
-**
-** This memory allocator uses the following algorithm:
-**
-**   1.  All memory allocations sizes are rounded up to a power of 2.
-**
-**   2.  If two adjacent free blocks are the halves of a larger block,
-**       then the two blocks are coalesed into the single larger block.
-**
-**   3.  New memory is allocated from the first available free block.
-**
-** This algorithm is described in: J. M. Robson. "Bounds for Some Functions
-** Concerning Dynamic Storage Allocation". Journal of the Association for
-** Computing Machinery, Volume 21, Number 8, July 1974, pages 491-499.
-** 
-** Let n be the size of the largest allocation divided by the minimum
-** allocation size (after rounding all sizes up to a power of 2.)  Let M
-** be the maximum amount of memory ever outstanding at one time.  Let
-** N be the total amount of memory available for allocation.  Robson
-** proved that this memory allocator will never breakdown due to 
-** fragmentation as long as the following constraint holds:
-**
-**      N >=  M*(1 + log2(n)/2) - n + 1
-**
-** The sqlite3_status() logic tracks the maximum values of n and M so
-** that an application can, at any time, verify this constraint.
-*/
-
-/*
-** This version of the memory allocator is used only when 
-** SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5 is defined.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
-
-/*
-** A minimum allocation is an instance of the following structure.
-** Larger allocations are an array of these structures where the
-** size of the array is a power of 2.
-**
-** The size of this object must be a power of two.  That fact is
-** verified in memsys5Init().
-*/
-typedef struct Mem5Link Mem5Link;
-struct Mem5Link {
-  int next;       /* Index of next free chunk */
-  int prev;       /* Index of previous free chunk */
-};
-
-/*
-** Maximum size of any allocation is ((1<<LOGMAX)*mem5.szAtom). Since
-** mem5.szAtom is always at least 8 and 32-bit integers are used,
-** it is not actually possible to reach this limit.
-*/
-#define LOGMAX 30
-
-/*
-** Masks used for mem5.aCtrl[] elements.
-*/
-#define CTRL_LOGSIZE  0x1f    /* Log2 Size of this block */
-#define CTRL_FREE     0x20    /* True if not checked out */
-
-/*
-** All of the static variables used by this module are collected
-** into a single structure named "mem5".  This is to keep the
-** static variables organized and to reduce namespace pollution
-** when this module is combined with other in the amalgamation.
-*/
-static SQLITE_WSD struct Mem5Global {
-  /*
-  ** Memory available for allocation
-  */
-  int szAtom;      /* Smallest possible allocation in bytes */
-  int nBlock;      /* Number of szAtom sized blocks in zPool */
-  u8 *zPool;       /* Memory available to be allocated */
-  
-  /*
-  ** Mutex to control access to the memory allocation subsystem.
-  */
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
-
-  /*
-  ** Performance statistics
-  */
-  u64 nAlloc;         /* Total number of calls to malloc */
-  u64 totalAlloc;     /* Total of all malloc calls - includes internal frag */
-  u64 totalExcess;    /* Total internal fragmentation */
-  u32 currentOut;     /* Current checkout, including internal fragmentation */
-  u32 currentCount;   /* Current number of distinct checkouts */
-  u32 maxOut;         /* Maximum instantaneous currentOut */
-  u32 maxCount;       /* Maximum instantaneous currentCount */
-  u32 maxRequest;     /* Largest allocation (exclusive of internal frag) */
-  
-  /*
-  ** Lists of free blocks.  aiFreelist[0] is a list of free blocks of
-  ** size mem5.szAtom.  aiFreelist[1] holds blocks of size szAtom*2.
-  ** and so forth.
-  */
-  int aiFreelist[LOGMAX+1];
-
-  /*
-  ** Space for tracking which blocks are checked out and the size
-  ** of each block.  One byte per block.
-  */
-  u8 *aCtrl;
-
-} mem5 = { 0 };
-
-/*
-** Access the static variable through a macro for SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
-*/
-#define mem5 GLOBAL(struct Mem5Global, mem5)
-
-/*
-** Assuming mem5.zPool is divided up into an array of Mem5Link
-** structures, return a pointer to the idx-th such lik.
-*/
-#define MEM5LINK(idx) ((Mem5Link *)(&mem5.zPool[(idx)*mem5.szAtom]))
-
-/*
-** Unlink the chunk at mem5.aPool[i] from list it is currently
-** on.  It should be found on mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize].
-*/
-static void memsys5Unlink(int i, int iLogsize){
-  int next, prev;
-  assert( i>=0 && i<mem5.nBlock );
-  assert( iLogsize>=0 && iLogsize<=LOGMAX );
-  assert( (mem5.aCtrl[i] & CTRL_LOGSIZE)==iLogsize );
-
-  next = MEM5LINK(i)->next;
-  prev = MEM5LINK(i)->prev;
-  if( prev<0 ){
-    mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize] = next;
-  }else{
-    MEM5LINK(prev)->next = next;
-  }
-  if( next>=0 ){
-    MEM5LINK(next)->prev = prev;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Link the chunk at mem5.aPool[i] so that is on the iLogsize
-** free list.
-*/
-static void memsys5Link(int i, int iLogsize){
-  int x;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem5.mutex) );
-  assert( i>=0 && i<mem5.nBlock );
-  assert( iLogsize>=0 && iLogsize<=LOGMAX );
-  assert( (mem5.aCtrl[i] & CTRL_LOGSIZE)==iLogsize );
-
-  x = MEM5LINK(i)->next = mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize];
-  MEM5LINK(i)->prev = -1;
-  if( x>=0 ){
-    assert( x<mem5.nBlock );
-    MEM5LINK(x)->prev = i;
-  }
-  mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize] = i;
-}
-
-/*
-** If the STATIC_MEM mutex is not already held, obtain it now. The mutex
-** will already be held (obtained by code in malloc.c) if
-** sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemStat is true.
-*/
-static void memsys5Enter(void){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem5.mutex);
-}
-static void memsys5Leave(void){
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem5.mutex);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the size of an outstanding allocation, in bytes.  The
-** size returned omits the 8-byte header overhead.  This only
-** works for chunks that are currently checked out.
-*/
-static int memsys5Size(void *p){
-  int iSize = 0;
-  if( p ){
-    int i = ((u8 *)p-mem5.zPool)/mem5.szAtom;
-    assert( i>=0 && i<mem5.nBlock );
-    iSize = mem5.szAtom * (1 << (mem5.aCtrl[i]&CTRL_LOGSIZE));
-  }
-  return iSize;
-}
-
-/*
-** Find the first entry on the freelist iLogsize.  Unlink that
-** entry and return its index. 
-*/
-static int memsys5UnlinkFirst(int iLogsize){
-  int i;
-  int iFirst;
-
-  assert( iLogsize>=0 && iLogsize<=LOGMAX );
-  i = iFirst = mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize];
-  assert( iFirst>=0 );
-  while( i>0 ){
-    if( i<iFirst ) iFirst = i;
-    i = MEM5LINK(i)->next;
-  }
-  memsys5Unlink(iFirst, iLogsize);
-  return iFirst;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a block of memory of at least nBytes in size.
-** Return NULL if unable.  Return NULL if nBytes==0.
-**
-** The caller guarantees that nByte positive.
-**
-** The caller has obtained a mutex prior to invoking this
-** routine so there is never any chance that two or more
-** threads can be in this routine at the same time.
-*/
-static void *memsys5MallocUnsafe(int nByte){
-  int i;           /* Index of a mem5.aPool[] slot */
-  int iBin;        /* Index into mem5.aiFreelist[] */
-  int iFullSz;     /* Size of allocation rounded up to power of 2 */
-  int iLogsize;    /* Log2 of iFullSz/POW2_MIN */
-
-  /* nByte must be a positive */
-  assert( nByte>0 );
-
-  /* Keep track of the maximum allocation request.  Even unfulfilled
-  ** requests are counted */
-  if( (u32)nByte>mem5.maxRequest ){
-    mem5.maxRequest = nByte;
-  }
-
-  /* Abort if the requested allocation size is larger than the largest
-  ** power of two that we can represent using 32-bit signed integers.
-  */
-  if( nByte > 0x40000000 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Round nByte up to the next valid power of two */
-  for(iFullSz=mem5.szAtom, iLogsize=0; iFullSz<nByte; iFullSz *= 2, iLogsize++){}
-
-  /* Make sure mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize] contains at least one free
-  ** block.  If not, then split a block of the next larger power of
-  ** two in order to create a new free block of size iLogsize.
-  */
-  for(iBin=iLogsize; mem5.aiFreelist[iBin]<0 && iBin<=LOGMAX; iBin++){}
-  if( iBin>LOGMAX ){
-    testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_NOMEM, "failed to allocate %u bytes", nByte);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  i = memsys5UnlinkFirst(iBin);
-  while( iBin>iLogsize ){
-    int newSize;
-
-    iBin--;
-    newSize = 1 << iBin;
-    mem5.aCtrl[i+newSize] = CTRL_FREE | iBin;
-    memsys5Link(i+newSize, iBin);
-  }
-  mem5.aCtrl[i] = iLogsize;
-
-  /* Update allocator performance statistics. */
-  mem5.nAlloc++;
-  mem5.totalAlloc += iFullSz;
-  mem5.totalExcess += iFullSz - nByte;
-  mem5.currentCount++;
-  mem5.currentOut += iFullSz;
-  if( mem5.maxCount<mem5.currentCount ) mem5.maxCount = mem5.currentCount;
-  if( mem5.maxOut<mem5.currentOut ) mem5.maxOut = mem5.currentOut;
-
-  /* Return a pointer to the allocated memory. */
-  return (void*)&mem5.zPool[i*mem5.szAtom];
-}
-
-/*
-** Free an outstanding memory allocation.
-*/
-static void memsys5FreeUnsafe(void *pOld){
-  u32 size, iLogsize;
-  int iBlock;
-
-  /* Set iBlock to the index of the block pointed to by pOld in 
-  ** the array of mem5.szAtom byte blocks pointed to by mem5.zPool.
-  */
-  iBlock = ((u8 *)pOld-mem5.zPool)/mem5.szAtom;
-
-  /* Check that the pointer pOld points to a valid, non-free block. */
-  assert( iBlock>=0 && iBlock<mem5.nBlock );
-  assert( ((u8 *)pOld-mem5.zPool)%mem5.szAtom==0 );
-  assert( (mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] & CTRL_FREE)==0 );
-
-  iLogsize = mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] & CTRL_LOGSIZE;
-  size = 1<<iLogsize;
-  assert( iBlock+size-1<(u32)mem5.nBlock );
-
-  mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] |= CTRL_FREE;
-  mem5.aCtrl[iBlock+size-1] |= CTRL_FREE;
-  assert( mem5.currentCount>0 );
-  assert( mem5.currentOut>=(size*mem5.szAtom) );
-  mem5.currentCount--;
-  mem5.currentOut -= size*mem5.szAtom;
-  assert( mem5.currentOut>0 || mem5.currentCount==0 );
-  assert( mem5.currentCount>0 || mem5.currentOut==0 );
-
-  mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] = CTRL_FREE | iLogsize;
-  while( ALWAYS(iLogsize<LOGMAX) ){
-    int iBuddy;
-    if( (iBlock>>iLogsize) & 1 ){
-      iBuddy = iBlock - size;
-    }else{
-      iBuddy = iBlock + size;
-    }
-    assert( iBuddy>=0 );
-    if( (iBuddy+(1<<iLogsize))>mem5.nBlock ) break;
-    if( mem5.aCtrl[iBuddy]!=(CTRL_FREE | iLogsize) ) break;
-    memsys5Unlink(iBuddy, iLogsize);
-    iLogsize++;
-    if( iBuddy<iBlock ){
-      mem5.aCtrl[iBuddy] = CTRL_FREE | iLogsize;
-      mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] = 0;
-      iBlock = iBuddy;
-    }else{
-      mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] = CTRL_FREE | iLogsize;
-      mem5.aCtrl[iBuddy] = 0;
-    }
-    size *= 2;
-  }
-  memsys5Link(iBlock, iLogsize);
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate nBytes of memory
-*/
-static void *memsys5Malloc(int nBytes){
-  sqlite3_int64 *p = 0;
-  if( nBytes>0 ){
-    memsys5Enter();
-    p = memsys5MallocUnsafe(nBytes);
-    memsys5Leave();
-  }
-  return (void*)p; 
-}
-
-/*
-** Free memory.
-**
-** The outer layer memory allocator prevents this routine from
-** being called with pPrior==0.
-*/
-static void memsys5Free(void *pPrior){
-  assert( pPrior!=0 );
-  memsys5Enter();
-  memsys5FreeUnsafe(pPrior);
-  memsys5Leave();  
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the size of an existing memory allocation.
-**
-** The outer layer memory allocator prevents this routine from
-** being called with pPrior==0.  
-**
-** nBytes is always a value obtained from a prior call to
-** memsys5Round().  Hence nBytes is always a non-negative power
-** of two.  If nBytes==0 that means that an oversize allocation
-** (an allocation larger than 0x40000000) was requested and this
-** routine should return 0 without freeing pPrior.
-*/
-static void *memsys5Realloc(void *pPrior, int nBytes){
-  int nOld;
-  void *p;
-  assert( pPrior!=0 );
-  assert( (nBytes&(nBytes-1))==0 );
-  assert( nBytes>=0 );
-  if( nBytes==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  nOld = memsys5Size(pPrior);
-  if( nBytes<=nOld ){
-    return pPrior;
-  }
-  memsys5Enter();
-  p = memsys5MallocUnsafe(nBytes);
-  if( p ){
-    memcpy(p, pPrior, nOld);
-    memsys5FreeUnsafe(pPrior);
-  }
-  memsys5Leave();
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Round up a request size to the next valid allocation size.  If
-** the allocation is too large to be handled by this allocation system,
-** return 0.
-**
-** All allocations must be a power of two and must be expressed by a
-** 32-bit signed integer.  Hence the largest allocation is 0x40000000
-** or 1073741824 bytes.
-*/
-static int memsys5Roundup(int n){
-  int iFullSz;
-  if( n > 0x40000000 ) return 0;
-  for(iFullSz=mem5.szAtom; iFullSz<n; iFullSz *= 2);
-  return iFullSz;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the ceiling of the logarithm base 2 of iValue.
-**
-** Examples:   memsys5Log(1) -> 0
-**             memsys5Log(2) -> 1
-**             memsys5Log(4) -> 2
-**             memsys5Log(5) -> 3
-**             memsys5Log(8) -> 3
-**             memsys5Log(9) -> 4
-*/
-static int memsys5Log(int iValue){
-  int iLog;
-  for(iLog=0; (1<<iLog)<iValue; iLog++);
-  return iLog;
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize the memory allocator.
-**
-** This routine is not threadsafe.  The caller must be holding a mutex
-** to prevent multiple threads from entering at the same time.
-*/
-static int memsys5Init(void *NotUsed){
-  int ii;            /* Loop counter */
-  int nByte;         /* Number of bytes of memory available to this allocator */
-  u8 *zByte;         /* Memory usable by this allocator */
-  int nMinLog;       /* Log base 2 of minimum allocation size in bytes */
-  int iOffset;       /* An offset into mem5.aCtrl[] */
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-
-  /* For the purposes of this routine, disable the mutex */
-  mem5.mutex = 0;
-
-  /* The size of a Mem5Link object must be a power of two.  Verify that
-  ** this is case.
-  */
-  assert( (sizeof(Mem5Link)&(sizeof(Mem5Link)-1))==0 );
-
-  nByte = sqlite3GlobalConfig.nHeap;
-  zByte = (u8*)sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap;
-  assert( zByte!=0 );  /* sqlite3_config() does not allow otherwise */
-
-  nMinLog = memsys5Log(sqlite3GlobalConfig.mnReq);
-  mem5.szAtom = (1<<nMinLog);
-  while( (int)sizeof(Mem5Link)>mem5.szAtom ){
-    mem5.szAtom = mem5.szAtom << 1;
-  }
-
-  mem5.nBlock = (nByte / (mem5.szAtom+sizeof(u8)));
-  mem5.zPool = zByte;
-  mem5.aCtrl = (u8 *)&mem5.zPool[mem5.nBlock*mem5.szAtom];
-
-  for(ii=0; ii<=LOGMAX; ii++){
-    mem5.aiFreelist[ii] = -1;
-  }
-
-  iOffset = 0;
-  for(ii=LOGMAX; ii>=0; ii--){
-    int nAlloc = (1<<ii);
-    if( (iOffset+nAlloc)<=mem5.nBlock ){
-      mem5.aCtrl[iOffset] = ii | CTRL_FREE;
-      memsys5Link(iOffset, ii);
-      iOffset += nAlloc;
-    }
-    assert((iOffset+nAlloc)>mem5.nBlock);
-  }
-
-  /* If a mutex is required for normal operation, allocate one */
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat==0 ){
-    mem5.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Deinitialize this module.
-*/
-static void memsys5Shutdown(void *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  mem5.mutex = 0;
-  return;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-/*
-** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory 
-** allocations into that log.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Memsys5Dump(const char *zFilename){
-  FILE *out;
-  int i, j, n;
-  int nMinLog;
-
-  if( zFilename==0 || zFilename[0]==0 ){
-    out = stdout;
-  }else{
-    out = fopen(zFilename, "w");
-    if( out==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "** Unable to output memory debug output log: %s **\n",
-                      zFilename);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  memsys5Enter();
-  nMinLog = memsys5Log(mem5.szAtom);
-  for(i=0; i<=LOGMAX && i+nMinLog<32; i++){
-    for(n=0, j=mem5.aiFreelist[i]; j>=0; j = MEM5LINK(j)->next, n++){}
-    fprintf(out, "freelist items of size %d: %d\n", mem5.szAtom << i, n);
-  }
-  fprintf(out, "mem5.nAlloc       = %llu\n", mem5.nAlloc);
-  fprintf(out, "mem5.totalAlloc   = %llu\n", mem5.totalAlloc);
-  fprintf(out, "mem5.totalExcess  = %llu\n", mem5.totalExcess);
-  fprintf(out, "mem5.currentOut   = %u\n", mem5.currentOut);
-  fprintf(out, "mem5.currentCount = %u\n", mem5.currentCount);
-  fprintf(out, "mem5.maxOut       = %u\n", mem5.maxOut);
-  fprintf(out, "mem5.maxCount     = %u\n", mem5.maxCount);
-  fprintf(out, "mem5.maxRequest   = %u\n", mem5.maxRequest);
-  memsys5Leave();
-  if( out==stdout ){
-    fflush(stdout);
-  }else{
-    fclose(out);
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This routine is the only routine in this file with external 
-** linkage. It returns a pointer to a static sqlite3_mem_methods
-** struct populated with the memsys5 methods.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void){
-  static const sqlite3_mem_methods memsys5Methods = {
-     memsys5Malloc,
-     memsys5Free,
-     memsys5Realloc,
-     memsys5Size,
-     memsys5Roundup,
-     memsys5Init,
-     memsys5Shutdown,
-     0
-  };
-  return &memsys5Methods;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5 */
-
-/************** End of mem5.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file mutex.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 August 14
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the C functions that implement mutexes.
-**
-** This file contains code that is common across all mutex implementations.
-*/
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
-/*
-** For debugging purposes, record when the mutex subsystem is initialized
-** and uninitialized so that we can assert() if there is an attempt to
-** allocate a mutex while the system is uninitialized.
-*/
-static SQLITE_WSD int mutexIsInit = 0;
-#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
-/*
-** Initialize the mutex system.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MutexInit(void){ 
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex ){
-    if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexAlloc ){
-      /* If the xMutexAlloc method has not been set, then the user did not
-      ** install a mutex implementation via sqlite3_config() prior to 
-      ** sqlite3_initialize() being called. This block copies pointers to
-      ** the default implementation into the sqlite3GlobalConfig structure.
-      */
-      sqlite3_mutex_methods *pFrom = sqlite3DefaultMutex();
-      sqlite3_mutex_methods *pTo = &sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex;
-
-      memcpy(pTo, pFrom, offsetof(sqlite3_mutex_methods, xMutexAlloc));
-      memcpy(&pTo->xMutexFree, &pFrom->xMutexFree,
-             sizeof(*pTo) - offsetof(sqlite3_mutex_methods, xMutexFree));
-      pTo->xMutexAlloc = pFrom->xMutexAlloc;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexInit();
-  }
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  GLOBAL(int, mutexIsInit) = 1;
-#endif
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Shutdown the mutex system. This call frees resources allocated by
-** sqlite3MutexInit().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MutexEnd(void){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexEnd ){
-    rc = sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexEnd();
-  }
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  GLOBAL(int, mutexIsInit) = 0;
-#endif
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Retrieve a pointer to a static mutex or allocate a new dynamic one.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int id){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
-#endif
-  return sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexAlloc(id);
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int id){
-  if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  assert( GLOBAL(int, mutexIsInit) );
-  return sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexAlloc(id);
-}
-
-/*
-** Free a dynamic mutex.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  if( p ){
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexFree(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Obtain the mutex p. If some other thread already has the mutex, block
-** until it can be obtained.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  if( p ){
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexEnter(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Obtain the mutex p. If successful, return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, if another
-** thread holds the mutex and it cannot be obtained, return SQLITE_BUSY.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( p ){
-    return sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexTry(p);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was previously
-** entered by the same thread.  The behavior is undefined if the mutex 
-** is not currently entered. If a NULL pointer is passed as an argument
-** this function is a no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  if( p ){
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexLeave(p);
-  }
-}
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
-** intended for use inside assert() statements.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p==0 || sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexHeld(p);
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p==0 || sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexNotheld(p);
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT */
-
-/************** End of mutex.c ***********************************************/
-/************** Begin file mutex_noop.c **************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 October 07
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the C functions that implement mutexes.
-**
-** This implementation in this file does not provide any mutual
-** exclusion and is thus suitable for use only in applications
-** that use SQLite in a single thread.  The routines defined
-** here are place-holders.  Applications can substitute working
-** mutex routines at start-time using the
-**
-**     sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX,...)
-**
-** interface.
-**
-** If compiled with SQLITE_DEBUG, then additional logic is inserted
-** that does error checking on mutexes to make sure they are being
-** called correctly.
-*/
-
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-/*
-** Stub routines for all mutex methods.
-**
-** This routines provide no mutual exclusion or error checking.
-*/
-static int noopMutexHeld(sqlite3_mutex *p){ return 1; }
-static int noopMutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){ return 1; }
-static int noopMutexInit(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
-static int noopMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
-static sqlite3_mutex *noopMutexAlloc(int id){ return (sqlite3_mutex*)8; }
-static void noopMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){ return; }
-static void noopMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){ return; }
-static int noopMutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){ return SQLITE_OK; }
-static void noopMutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){ return; }
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
-  static sqlite3_mutex_methods sMutex = {
-    noopMutexInit,
-    noopMutexEnd,
-    noopMutexAlloc,
-    noopMutexFree,
-    noopMutexEnter,
-    noopMutexTry,
-    noopMutexLeave,
-
-    noopMutexHeld,
-    noopMutexNotheld
-  };
-
-  return &sMutex;
-}
-#endif /* defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) */
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-/*
-** In this implementation, error checking is provided for testing
-** and debugging purposes.  The mutexes still do not provide any
-** mutual exclusion.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The mutex object
-*/
-struct sqlite3_mutex {
-  int id;     /* The mutex type */
-  int cnt;    /* Number of entries without a matching leave */
-};
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
-** intended for use inside assert() statements.
-*/
-static int debugMutexHeld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p==0 || p->cnt>0;
-}
-static int debugMutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p==0 || p->cnt==0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
-*/
-static int debugMutexInit(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
-static int debugMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
-** mutex and returns a pointer to it.  If it returns NULL
-** that means that a mutex could not be allocated. 
-*/
-static sqlite3_mutex *debugMutexAlloc(int id){
-  static sqlite3_mutex aStatic[6];
-  sqlite3_mutex *pNew = 0;
-  switch( id ){
-    case SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST:
-    case SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE: {
-      pNew = sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(*pNew));
-      if( pNew ){
-        pNew->id = id;
-        pNew->cnt = 0;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      assert( id-2 >= 0 );
-      assert( id-2 < (int)(sizeof(aStatic)/sizeof(aStatic[0])) );
-      pNew = &aStatic[id-2];
-      pNew->id = id;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine deallocates a previously allocated mutex.
-*/
-static void debugMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p->cnt==0 );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
-  sqlite3_free(p);
-}
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
-** to enter a mutex.  If another thread is already within the mutex,
-** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
-** SQLITE_BUSY.  The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns SQLITE_OK
-** upon successful entry.  Mutexes created using SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can
-** be entered multiple times by the same thread.  In such cases the,
-** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
-** can enter.  If the same thread tries to enter any other kind of mutex
-** more than once, the behavior is undefined.
-*/
-static void debugMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || debugMutexNotheld(p) );
-  p->cnt++;
-}
-static int debugMutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || debugMutexNotheld(p) );
-  p->cnt++;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
-** previously entered by the same thread.  The behavior
-** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered or
-** is not currently allocated.  SQLite will never do either.
-*/
-static void debugMutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( debugMutexHeld(p) );
-  p->cnt--;
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || debugMutexNotheld(p) );
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
-  static sqlite3_mutex_methods sMutex = {
-    debugMutexInit,
-    debugMutexEnd,
-    debugMutexAlloc,
-    debugMutexFree,
-    debugMutexEnter,
-    debugMutexTry,
-    debugMutexLeave,
-
-    debugMutexHeld,
-    debugMutexNotheld
-  };
-
-  return &sMutex;
-}
-#endif /* defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) */
-
-/************** End of mutex_noop.c ******************************************/
-/************** Begin file mutex_os2.c ***************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 August 28
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the C functions that implement mutexes for OS/2
-*/
-
-/*
-** The code in this file is only used if SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2 is defined.
-** See the mutex.h file for details.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
-
-/********************** OS/2 Mutex Implementation **********************
-**
-** This implementation of mutexes is built using the OS/2 API.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The mutex object
-** Each recursive mutex is an instance of the following structure.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_mutex {
-  HMTX mutex;       /* Mutex controlling the lock */
-  int  id;          /* Mutex type */
-  int  nRef;        /* Number of references */
-  TID  owner;       /* Thread holding this mutex */
-};
-
-#define OS2_MUTEX_INITIALIZER   0,0,0,0
-
-/*
-** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
-*/
-static int os2MutexInit(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
-static int os2MutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
-** mutex and returns a pointer to it.  If it returns NULL
-** that means that a mutex could not be allocated. 
-** SQLite will unwind its stack and return an error.  The argument
-** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST               0
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE          1
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER      2
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM         3
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG        4
-** </ul>
-**
-** The first two constants cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
-** a new mutex.  The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
-** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
-** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
-** not want to.  But SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
-** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
-** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
-** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
-**
-** The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() each return
-** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  Three static mutexes are
-** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
-** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
-** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
-** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
-**
-** Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
-** returns a different mutex on every call.  But for the static
-** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
-** the same type number.
-*/
-static sqlite3_mutex *os2MutexAlloc(int iType){
-  sqlite3_mutex *p = NULL;
-  switch( iType ){
-    case SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST:
-    case SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE: {
-      p = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(*p) );
-      if( p ){
-        p->id = iType;
-        if( DosCreateMutexSem( 0, &p->mutex, 0, FALSE ) != NO_ERROR ){
-          sqlite3_free( p );
-          p = NULL;
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      static volatile int isInit = 0;
-      static sqlite3_mutex staticMutexes[] = {
-        { OS2_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, },
-        { OS2_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, },
-        { OS2_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, },
-        { OS2_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, },
-        { OS2_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, },
-        { OS2_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, },
-      };
-      if ( !isInit ){
-        APIRET rc;
-        PTIB ptib;
-        PPIB ppib;
-        HMTX mutex;
-        char name[32];
-        DosGetInfoBlocks( &ptib, &ppib );
-        sqlite3_snprintf( sizeof(name), name, "\\SEM32\\SQLITE%04x",
-                          ppib->pib_ulpid );
-        while( !isInit ){
-          mutex = 0;
-          rc = DosCreateMutexSem( name, &mutex, 0, FALSE);
-          if( rc == NO_ERROR ){
-            unsigned int i;
-            if( !isInit ){
-              for( i = 0; i < sizeof(staticMutexes)/sizeof(staticMutexes[0]); i++ ){
-                DosCreateMutexSem( 0, &staticMutexes[i].mutex, 0, FALSE );
-              }
-              isInit = 1;
-            }
-            DosCloseMutexSem( mutex );
-          }else if( rc == ERROR_DUPLICATE_NAME ){
-            DosSleep( 1 );
-          }else{
-            return p;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      assert( iType-2 >= 0 );
-      assert( iType-2 < sizeof(staticMutexes)/sizeof(staticMutexes[0]) );
-      p = &staticMutexes[iType-2];
-      p->id = iType;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This routine deallocates a previously allocated mutex.
-** SQLite is careful to deallocate every mutex that it allocates.
-*/
-static void os2MutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  if( p==0 ) return;
-  assert( p->nRef==0 );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
-  DosCloseMutexSem( p->mutex );
-  sqlite3_free( p );
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
-** intended for use inside assert() statements.
-*/
-static int os2MutexHeld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  TID tid;
-  PID pid;
-  ULONG ulCount;
-  PTIB ptib;
-  if( p!=0 ) {
-    DosQueryMutexSem(p->mutex, &pid, &tid, &ulCount);
-  } else {
-    DosGetInfoBlocks(&ptib, NULL);
-    tid = ptib->tib_ptib2->tib2_ultid;
-  }
-  return p==0 || (p->nRef!=0 && p->owner==tid);
-}
-static int os2MutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  TID tid;
-  PID pid;
-  ULONG ulCount;
-  PTIB ptib;
-  if( p!= 0 ) {
-    DosQueryMutexSem(p->mutex, &pid, &tid, &ulCount);
-  } else {
-    DosGetInfoBlocks(&ptib, NULL);
-    tid = ptib->tib_ptib2->tib2_ultid;
-  }
-  return p==0 || p->nRef==0 || p->owner!=tid;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
-** to enter a mutex.  If another thread is already within the mutex,
-** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
-** SQLITE_BUSY.  The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns SQLITE_OK
-** upon successful entry.  Mutexes created using SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can
-** be entered multiple times by the same thread.  In such cases the,
-** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
-** can enter.  If the same thread tries to enter any other kind of mutex
-** more than once, the behavior is undefined.
-*/
-static void os2MutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  TID tid;
-  PID holder1;
-  ULONG holder2;
-  if( p==0 ) return;
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || os2MutexNotheld(p) );
-  DosRequestMutexSem(p->mutex, SEM_INDEFINITE_WAIT);
-  DosQueryMutexSem(p->mutex, &holder1, &tid, &holder2);
-  p->owner = tid;
-  p->nRef++;
-}
-static int os2MutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  int rc;
-  TID tid;
-  PID holder1;
-  ULONG holder2;
-  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || os2MutexNotheld(p) );
-  if( DosRequestMutexSem(p->mutex, SEM_IMMEDIATE_RETURN) == NO_ERROR) {
-    DosQueryMutexSem(p->mutex, &holder1, &tid, &holder2);
-    p->owner = tid;
-    p->nRef++;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  } else {
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
-** previously entered by the same thread.  The behavior
-** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered or
-** is not currently allocated.  SQLite will never do either.
-*/
-static void os2MutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  TID tid;
-  PID holder1;
-  ULONG holder2;
-  if( p==0 ) return;
-  assert( p->nRef>0 );
-  DosQueryMutexSem(p->mutex, &holder1, &tid, &holder2);
-  assert( p->owner==tid );
-  p->nRef--;
-  assert( p->nRef==0 || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
-  DosReleaseMutexSem(p->mutex);
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
-  static sqlite3_mutex_methods sMutex = {
-    os2MutexInit,
-    os2MutexEnd,
-    os2MutexAlloc,
-    os2MutexFree,
-    os2MutexEnter,
-    os2MutexTry,
-    os2MutexLeave,
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    os2MutexHeld,
-    os2MutexNotheld
-#endif
-  };
-
-  return &sMutex;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2 */
-
-/************** End of mutex_os2.c *******************************************/
-/************** Begin file mutex_unix.c **************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 August 28
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the C functions that implement mutexes for pthreads
-*/
-
-/*
-** The code in this file is only used if we are compiling threadsafe
-** under unix with pthreads.
-**
-** Note that this implementation requires a version of pthreads that
-** supports recursive mutexes.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
-
-#include <pthread.h>
-
-
-/*
-** Each recursive mutex is an instance of the following structure.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_mutex {
-  pthread_mutex_t mutex;     /* Mutex controlling the lock */
-  int id;                    /* Mutex type */
-  int nRef;                  /* Number of entrances */
-  pthread_t owner;           /* Thread that is within this mutex */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  int trace;                 /* True to trace changes */
-#endif
-};
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-#define SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0, 0, (pthread_t)0, 0 }
-#else
-#define SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0, 0, (pthread_t)0 }
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
-** intended for use only inside assert() statements.  On some platforms,
-** there might be race conditions that can cause these routines to
-** deliver incorrect results.  In particular, if pthread_equal() is
-** not an atomic operation, then these routines might delivery
-** incorrect results.  On most platforms, pthread_equal() is a 
-** comparison of two integers and is therefore atomic.  But we are
-** told that HPUX is not such a platform.  If so, then these routines
-** will not always work correctly on HPUX.
-**
-** On those platforms where pthread_equal() is not atomic, SQLite
-** should be compiled without -DSQLITE_DEBUG and with -DNDEBUG to
-** make sure no assert() statements are evaluated and hence these
-** routines are never called.
-*/
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-static int pthreadMutexHeld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return (p->nRef!=0 && pthread_equal(p->owner, pthread_self()));
-}
-static int pthreadMutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p->nRef==0 || pthread_equal(p->owner, pthread_self())==0;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
-*/
-static int pthreadMutexInit(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
-static int pthreadMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
-** mutex and returns a pointer to it.  If it returns NULL
-** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  SQLite
-** will unwind its stack and return an error.  The argument
-** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
-** </ul>
-**
-** The first two constants cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
-** a new mutex.  The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
-** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
-** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
-** not want to.  But SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
-** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
-** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
-** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
-**
-** The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() each return
-** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  Six static mutexes are
-** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
-** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
-** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
-** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
-**
-** Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
-** returns a different mutex on every call.  But for the static 
-** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
-** the same type number.
-*/
-static sqlite3_mutex *pthreadMutexAlloc(int iType){
-  static sqlite3_mutex staticMutexes[] = {
-    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
-    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
-    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
-    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
-    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
-    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER
-  };
-  sqlite3_mutex *p;
-  switch( iType ){
-    case SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE: {
-      p = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(*p) );
-      if( p ){
-#ifdef SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
-        /* If recursive mutexes are not available, we will have to
-        ** build our own.  See below. */
-        pthread_mutex_init(&p->mutex, 0);
-#else
-        /* Use a recursive mutex if it is available */
-        pthread_mutexattr_t recursiveAttr;
-        pthread_mutexattr_init(&recursiveAttr);
-        pthread_mutexattr_settype(&recursiveAttr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
-        pthread_mutex_init(&p->mutex, &recursiveAttr);
-        pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&recursiveAttr);
-#endif
-        p->id = iType;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST: {
-      p = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(*p) );
-      if( p ){
-        p->id = iType;
-        pthread_mutex_init(&p->mutex, 0);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      assert( iType-2 >= 0 );
-      assert( iType-2 < ArraySize(staticMutexes) );
-      p = &staticMutexes[iType-2];
-      p->id = iType;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This routine deallocates a previously
-** allocated mutex.  SQLite is careful to deallocate every
-** mutex that it allocates.
-*/
-static void pthreadMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p->nRef==0 );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
-  pthread_mutex_destroy(&p->mutex);
-  sqlite3_free(p);
-}
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
-** to enter a mutex.  If another thread is already within the mutex,
-** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
-** SQLITE_BUSY.  The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns SQLITE_OK
-** upon successful entry.  Mutexes created using SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can
-** be entered multiple times by the same thread.  In such cases the,
-** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
-** can enter.  If the same thread tries to enter any other kind of mutex
-** more than once, the behavior is undefined.
-*/
-static void pthreadMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || pthreadMutexNotheld(p) );
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
-  /* If recursive mutexes are not available, then we have to grow
-  ** our own.  This implementation assumes that pthread_equal()
-  ** is atomic - that it cannot be deceived into thinking self
-  ** and p->owner are equal if p->owner changes between two values
-  ** that are not equal to self while the comparison is taking place.
-  ** This implementation also assumes a coherent cache - that 
-  ** separate processes cannot read different values from the same
-  ** address at the same time.  If either of these two conditions
-  ** are not met, then the mutexes will fail and problems will result.
-  */
-  {
-    pthread_t self = pthread_self();
-    if( p->nRef>0 && pthread_equal(p->owner, self) ){
-      p->nRef++;
-    }else{
-      pthread_mutex_lock(&p->mutex);
-      assert( p->nRef==0 );
-      p->owner = self;
-      p->nRef = 1;
-    }
-  }
-#else
-  /* Use the built-in recursive mutexes if they are available.
-  */
-  pthread_mutex_lock(&p->mutex);
-  p->owner = pthread_self();
-  p->nRef++;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  if( p->trace ){
-    printf("enter mutex %p (%d) with nRef=%d\n", p, p->trace, p->nRef);
-  }
-#endif
-}
-static int pthreadMutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  int rc;
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || pthreadMutexNotheld(p) );
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
-  /* If recursive mutexes are not available, then we have to grow
-  ** our own.  This implementation assumes that pthread_equal()
-  ** is atomic - that it cannot be deceived into thinking self
-  ** and p->owner are equal if p->owner changes between two values
-  ** that are not equal to self while the comparison is taking place.
-  ** This implementation also assumes a coherent cache - that 
-  ** separate processes cannot read different values from the same
-  ** address at the same time.  If either of these two conditions
-  ** are not met, then the mutexes will fail and problems will result.
-  */
-  {
-    pthread_t self = pthread_self();
-    if( p->nRef>0 && pthread_equal(p->owner, self) ){
-      p->nRef++;
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    }else if( pthread_mutex_trylock(&p->mutex)==0 ){
-      assert( p->nRef==0 );
-      p->owner = self;
-      p->nRef = 1;
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    }else{
-      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }
-  }
-#else
-  /* Use the built-in recursive mutexes if they are available.
-  */
-  if( pthread_mutex_trylock(&p->mutex)==0 ){
-    p->owner = pthread_self();
-    p->nRef++;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && p->trace ){
-    printf("enter mutex %p (%d) with nRef=%d\n", p, p->trace, p->nRef);
-  }
-#endif
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
-** previously entered by the same thread.  The behavior
-** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered or
-** is not currently allocated.  SQLite will never do either.
-*/
-static void pthreadMutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( pthreadMutexHeld(p) );
-  p->nRef--;
-  assert( p->nRef==0 || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
-  if( p->nRef==0 ){
-    pthread_mutex_unlock(&p->mutex);
-  }
-#else
-  pthread_mutex_unlock(&p->mutex);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  if( p->trace ){
-    printf("leave mutex %p (%d) with nRef=%d\n", p, p->trace, p->nRef);
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
-  static sqlite3_mutex_methods sMutex = {
-    pthreadMutexInit,
-    pthreadMutexEnd,
-    pthreadMutexAlloc,
-    pthreadMutexFree,
-    pthreadMutexEnter,
-    pthreadMutexTry,
-    pthreadMutexLeave,
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    pthreadMutexHeld,
-    pthreadMutexNotheld
-#else
-    0,
-    0
-#endif
-  };
-
-  return &sMutex;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD */
-
-/************** End of mutex_unix.c ******************************************/
-/************** Begin file mutex_w32.c ***************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 August 14
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the C functions that implement mutexes for win32
-*/
-
-/*
-** The code in this file is only used if we are compiling multithreaded
-** on a win32 system.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
-
-/*
-** Each recursive mutex is an instance of the following structure.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_mutex {
-  CRITICAL_SECTION mutex;    /* Mutex controlling the lock */
-  int id;                    /* Mutex type */
-  int nRef;                  /* Number of enterances */
-  DWORD owner;               /* Thread holding this mutex */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  int trace;                 /* True to trace changes */
-#endif
-};
-#define SQLITE_W32_MUTEX_INITIALIZER { 0 }
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-#define SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER { SQLITE_W32_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0, 0L, (DWORD)0, 0 }
-#else
-#define SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER { SQLITE_W32_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0, 0L, (DWORD)0 }
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return true (non-zero) if we are running under WinNT, Win2K, WinXP,
-** or WinCE.  Return false (zero) for Win95, Win98, or WinME.
-**
-** Here is an interesting observation:  Win95, Win98, and WinME lack
-** the LockFileEx() API.  But we can still statically link against that
-** API as long as we don't call it win running Win95/98/ME.  A call to
-** this routine is used to determine if the host is Win95/98/ME or
-** WinNT/2K/XP so that we will know whether or not we can safely call
-** the LockFileEx() API.
-**
-** mutexIsNT() is only used for the TryEnterCriticalSection() API call,
-** which is only available if your application was compiled with 
-** _WIN32_WINNT defined to a value >= 0x0400.  Currently, the only
-** call to TryEnterCriticalSection() is #ifdef'ed out, so #ifdef 
-** this out as well.
-*/
-#if 0
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-# define mutexIsNT()  (1)
-#else
-  static int mutexIsNT(void){
-    static int osType = 0;
-    if( osType==0 ){
-      OSVERSIONINFO sInfo;
-      sInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(sInfo);
-      GetVersionEx(&sInfo);
-      osType = sInfo.dwPlatformId==VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT ? 2 : 1;
-    }
-    return osType==2;
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OS_WINCE */
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
-** intended for use only inside assert() statements.
-*/
-static int winMutexHeld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p->nRef!=0 && p->owner==GetCurrentThreadId();
-}
-static int winMutexNotheld2(sqlite3_mutex *p, DWORD tid){
-  return p->nRef==0 || p->owner!=tid;
-}
-static int winMutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  DWORD tid = GetCurrentThreadId(); 
-  return winMutexNotheld2(p, tid);
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
-*/
-static sqlite3_mutex winMutex_staticMutexes[6] = {
-  SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
-  SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
-  SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
-  SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
-  SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
-  SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER
-};
-static int winMutex_isInit = 0;
-/* As winMutexInit() and winMutexEnd() are called as part
-** of the sqlite3_initialize and sqlite3_shutdown()
-** processing, the "interlocked" magic is probably not
-** strictly necessary.
-*/
-static long winMutex_lock = 0;
-
-static int winMutexInit(void){ 
-  /* The first to increment to 1 does actual initialization */
-  if( InterlockedCompareExchange(&winMutex_lock, 1, 0)==0 ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(winMutex_staticMutexes); i++){
-      InitializeCriticalSection(&winMutex_staticMutexes[i].mutex);
-    }
-    winMutex_isInit = 1;
-  }else{
-    /* Someone else is in the process of initing the static mutexes */
-    while( !winMutex_isInit ){
-      Sleep(1);
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
-}
-
-static int winMutexEnd(void){ 
-  /* The first to decrement to 0 does actual shutdown 
-  ** (which should be the last to shutdown.) */
-  if( InterlockedCompareExchange(&winMutex_lock, 0, 1)==1 ){
-    if( winMutex_isInit==1 ){
-      int i;
-      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(winMutex_staticMutexes); i++){
-        DeleteCriticalSection(&winMutex_staticMutexes[i].mutex);
-      }
-      winMutex_isInit = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
-}
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
-** mutex and returns a pointer to it.  If it returns NULL
-** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  SQLite
-** will unwind its stack and return an error.  The argument
-** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
-** </ul>
-**
-** The first two constants cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
-** a new mutex.  The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
-** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
-** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
-** not want to.  But SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
-** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
-** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
-** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
-**
-** The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() each return
-** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  Six static mutexes are
-** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
-** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
-** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
-** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
-**
-** Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
-** returns a different mutex on every call.  But for the static 
-** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
-** the same type number.
-*/
-static sqlite3_mutex *winMutexAlloc(int iType){
-  sqlite3_mutex *p;
-
-  switch( iType ){
-    case SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST:
-    case SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE: {
-      p = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(*p) );
-      if( p ){  
-        p->id = iType;
-        InitializeCriticalSection(&p->mutex);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      assert( winMutex_isInit==1 );
-      assert( iType-2 >= 0 );
-      assert( iType-2 < ArraySize(winMutex_staticMutexes) );
-      p = &winMutex_staticMutexes[iType-2];
-      p->id = iType;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This routine deallocates a previously
-** allocated mutex.  SQLite is careful to deallocate every
-** mutex that it allocates.
-*/
-static void winMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p );
-  assert( p->nRef==0 );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
-  DeleteCriticalSection(&p->mutex);
-  sqlite3_free(p);
-}
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
-** to enter a mutex.  If another thread is already within the mutex,
-** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
-** SQLITE_BUSY.  The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns SQLITE_OK
-** upon successful entry.  Mutexes created using SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can
-** be entered multiple times by the same thread.  In such cases the,
-** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
-** can enter.  If the same thread tries to enter any other kind of mutex
-** more than once, the behavior is undefined.
-*/
-static void winMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  DWORD tid = GetCurrentThreadId(); 
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || winMutexNotheld2(p, tid) );
-  EnterCriticalSection(&p->mutex);
-  p->owner = tid; 
-  p->nRef++;
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  if( p->trace ){
-    printf("enter mutex %p (%d) with nRef=%d\n", p, p->trace, p->nRef);
-  }
-#endif
-}
-static int winMutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  DWORD tid = GetCurrentThreadId(); 
-#endif
-  int rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || winMutexNotheld2(p, tid) );
-  /*
-  ** The sqlite3_mutex_try() routine is very rarely used, and when it
-  ** is used it is merely an optimization.  So it is OK for it to always
-  ** fail.  
-  **
-  ** The TryEnterCriticalSection() interface is only available on WinNT.
-  ** And some windows compilers complain if you try to use it without
-  ** first doing some #defines that prevent SQLite from building on Win98.
-  ** For that reason, we will omit this optimization for now.  See
-  ** ticket #2685.
-  */
-#if 0
-  if( mutexIsNT() && TryEnterCriticalSection(&p->mutex) ){
-    p->owner = tid;
-    p->nRef++;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-#else
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(p);
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && p->trace ){
-    printf("enter mutex %p (%d) with nRef=%d\n", p, p->trace, p->nRef);
-  }
-#endif
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
-** previously entered by the same thread.  The behavior
-** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered or
-** is not currently allocated.  SQLite will never do either.
-*/
-static void winMutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  DWORD tid = GetCurrentThreadId();
-#endif
-  assert( p->nRef>0 );
-  assert( p->owner==tid );
-  p->nRef--;
-  assert( p->nRef==0 || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
-  LeaveCriticalSection(&p->mutex);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  if( p->trace ){
-    printf("leave mutex %p (%d) with nRef=%d\n", p, p->trace, p->nRef);
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
-  static sqlite3_mutex_methods sMutex = {
-    winMutexInit,
-    winMutexEnd,
-    winMutexAlloc,
-    winMutexFree,
-    winMutexEnter,
-    winMutexTry,
-    winMutexLeave,
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    winMutexHeld,
-    winMutexNotheld
-#else
-    0,
-    0
-#endif
-  };
-
-  return &sMutex;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 */
-
-/************** End of mutex_w32.c *******************************************/
-/************** Begin file malloc.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** Memory allocation functions used throughout sqlite.
-*/
-
-/*
-** This routine runs when the memory allocator sees that the
-** total memory allocation is about to exceed the soft heap
-** limit.
-*/
-static void softHeapLimitEnforcer(
-  void *NotUsed, 
-  sqlite3_int64 NotUsed2,
-  int allocSize
-){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  sqlite3_release_memory(allocSize);
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the soft heap-size limit for the library. Passing a zero or 
-** negative value indicates no limit.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int n){
-  sqlite3_uint64 iLimit;
-  int overage;
-  if( n<0 ){
-    iLimit = 0;
-  }else{
-    iLimit = n;
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  sqlite3_initialize();
-#endif
-  if( iLimit>0 ){
-    sqlite3MemoryAlarm(softHeapLimitEnforcer, 0, iLimit);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3MemoryAlarm(0, 0, 0);
-  }
-  overage = (int)(sqlite3_memory_used() - (i64)n);
-  if( overage>0 ){
-    sqlite3_release_memory(overage);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Attempt to release up to n bytes of non-essential memory currently
-** held by SQLite. An example of non-essential memory is memory used to
-** cache database pages that are not currently in use.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int n){
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
-  int nRet = 0;
-  nRet += sqlite3PcacheReleaseMemory(n-nRet);
-  return nRet;
-#else
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(n);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** State information local to the memory allocation subsystem.
-*/
-static SQLITE_WSD struct Mem0Global {
-  /* Number of free pages for scratch and page-cache memory */
-  u32 nScratchFree;
-  u32 nPageFree;
-
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Mutex to serialize access */
-
-  /*
-  ** The alarm callback and its arguments.  The mem0.mutex lock will
-  ** be held while the callback is running.  Recursive calls into
-  ** the memory subsystem are allowed, but no new callbacks will be
-  ** issued.
-  */
-  sqlite3_int64 alarmThreshold;
-  void (*alarmCallback)(void*, sqlite3_int64,int);
-  void *alarmArg;
-
-  /*
-  ** Pointers to the end of sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch and
-  ** sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage to a block of memory that records
-  ** which pages are available.
-  */
-  u32 *aScratchFree;
-  u32 *aPageFree;
-} mem0 = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
-
-#define mem0 GLOBAL(struct Mem0Global, mem0)
-
-/*
-** Initialize the memory allocation subsystem.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocInit(void){
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc==0 ){
-    sqlite3MemSetDefault();
-  }
-  memset(&mem0, 0, sizeof(mem0));
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex ){
-    mem0.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
-  }
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch && sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch>=100
-      && sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch>=0 ){
-    int i;
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch = ROUNDDOWN8(sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch-4);
-    mem0.aScratchFree = (u32*)&((char*)sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch)
-                  [sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch*sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch];
-    for(i=0; i<sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch; i++){ mem0.aScratchFree[i] = i; }
-    mem0.nScratchFree = sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch = 0;
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch = 0;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage && sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage>=512
-      && sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage>=1 ){
-    int i;
-    int overhead;
-    int sz = ROUNDDOWN8(sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage);
-    int n = sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage;
-    overhead = (4*n + sz - 1)/sz;
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage -= overhead;
-    mem0.aPageFree = (u32*)&((char*)sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage)
-                  [sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage*sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage];
-    for(i=0; i<sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage; i++){ mem0.aPageFree[i] = i; }
-    mem0.nPageFree = sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage = 0;
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage = 0;
-  }
-  return sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xInit(sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.pAppData);
-}
-
-/*
-** Deinitialize the memory allocation subsystem.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MallocEnd(void){
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xShutdown ){
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xShutdown(sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.pAppData);
-  }
-  memset(&mem0, 0, sizeof(mem0));
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the amount of memory currently checked out.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void){
-  int n, mx;
-  sqlite3_int64 res;
-  sqlite3_status(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, &n, &mx, 0);
-  res = (sqlite3_int64)n;  /* Work around bug in Borland C. Ticket #3216 */
-  return res;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the maximum amount of memory that has ever been
-** checked out since either the beginning of this process
-** or since the most recent reset.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag){
-  int n, mx;
-  sqlite3_int64 res;
-  sqlite3_status(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, &n, &mx, resetFlag);
-  res = (sqlite3_int64)mx;  /* Work around bug in Borland C. Ticket #3216 */
-  return res;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the alarm callback
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemoryAlarm(
-  void(*xCallback)(void *pArg, sqlite3_int64 used,int N),
-  void *pArg,
-  sqlite3_int64 iThreshold
-){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-  mem0.alarmCallback = xCallback;
-  mem0.alarmArg = pArg;
-  mem0.alarmThreshold = iThreshold;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-/*
-** Deprecated external interface.  Internal/core SQLite code
-** should call sqlite3MemoryAlarm.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_memory_alarm(
-  void(*xCallback)(void *pArg, sqlite3_int64 used,int N),
-  void *pArg,
-  sqlite3_int64 iThreshold
-){
-  return sqlite3MemoryAlarm(xCallback, pArg, iThreshold);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Trigger the alarm 
-*/
-static void sqlite3MallocAlarm(int nByte){
-  void (*xCallback)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int);
-  sqlite3_int64 nowUsed;
-  void *pArg;
-  if( mem0.alarmCallback==0 ) return;
-  xCallback = mem0.alarmCallback;
-  nowUsed = sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED);
-  pArg = mem0.alarmArg;
-  mem0.alarmCallback = 0;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-  xCallback(pArg, nowUsed, nByte);
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-  mem0.alarmCallback = xCallback;
-  mem0.alarmArg = pArg;
-}
-
-/*
-** Do a memory allocation with statistics and alarms.  Assume the
-** lock is already held.
-*/
-static int mallocWithAlarm(int n, void **pp){
-  int nFull;
-  void *p;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem0.mutex) );
-  nFull = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRoundup(n);
-  sqlite3StatusSet(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE, n);
-  if( mem0.alarmCallback!=0 ){
-    int nUsed = sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED);
-    if( nUsed+nFull >= mem0.alarmThreshold ){
-      sqlite3MallocAlarm(nFull);
-    }
-  }
-  p = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc(nFull);
-  if( p==0 && mem0.alarmCallback ){
-    sqlite3MallocAlarm(nFull);
-    p = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc(nFull);
-  }
-  if( p ){
-    nFull = sqlite3MallocSize(p);
-    sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, nFull);
-  }
-  *pp = p;
-  return nFull;
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate memory.  This routine is like sqlite3_malloc() except that it
-** assumes the memory subsystem has already been initialized.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Malloc(int n){
-  void *p;
-  if( n<=0 || n>=0x7fffff00 ){
-    /* A memory allocation of a number of bytes which is near the maximum
-    ** signed integer value might cause an integer overflow inside of the
-    ** xMalloc().  Hence we limit the maximum size to 0x7fffff00, giving
-    ** 255 bytes of overhead.  SQLite itself will never use anything near
-    ** this amount.  The only way to reach the limit is with sqlite3_malloc() */
-    p = 0;
-  }else if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-    mallocWithAlarm(n, &p);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-  }else{
-    p = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc(n);
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** This version of the memory allocation is for use by the application.
-** First make sure the memory subsystem is initialized, then do the
-** allocation.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int n){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
-#endif
-  return sqlite3Malloc(n);
-}
-
-/*
-** Each thread may only have a single outstanding allocation from
-** xScratchMalloc().  We verify this constraint in the single-threaded
-** case by setting scratchAllocOut to 1 when an allocation
-** is outstanding clearing it when the allocation is freed.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
-static int scratchAllocOut = 0;
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Allocate memory that is to be used and released right away.
-** This routine is similar to alloca() in that it is not intended
-** for situations where the memory might be held long-term.  This
-** routine is intended to get memory to old large transient data
-** structures that would not normally fit on the stack of an
-** embedded processor.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int n){
-  void *p;
-  assert( n>0 );
-
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
-  /* Verify that no more than one scratch allocation per thread
-  ** is outstanding at one time.  (This is only checked in the
-  ** single-threaded case since checking in the multi-threaded case
-  ** would be much more complicated.) */
-  assert( scratchAllocOut==0 );
-#endif
-
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch<n ){
-    goto scratch_overflow;
-  }else{  
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-    if( mem0.nScratchFree==0 ){
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-      goto scratch_overflow;
-    }else{
-      int i;
-      i = mem0.aScratchFree[--mem0.nScratchFree];
-      i *= sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch;
-      sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED, 1);
-      sqlite3StatusSet(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE, n);
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-      p = (void*)&((char*)sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch)[i];
-      assert(  (((u8*)p - (u8*)0) & 7)==0 );
-    }
-  }
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
-  scratchAllocOut = p!=0;
-#endif
-
-  return p;
-
-scratch_overflow:
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-    sqlite3StatusSet(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE, n);
-    n = mallocWithAlarm(n, &p);
-    if( p ) sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW, n);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-  }else{
-    p = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc(n);
-  }
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
-  scratchAllocOut = p!=0;
-#endif
-  return p;    
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ScratchFree(void *p){
-  if( p ){
-
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
-    /* Verify that no more than one scratch allocation per thread
-    ** is outstanding at one time.  (This is only checked in the
-    ** single-threaded case since checking in the multi-threaded case
-    ** would be much more complicated.) */
-    assert( scratchAllocOut==1 );
-    scratchAllocOut = 0;
-#endif
-
-    if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch==0
-           || p<sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch
-           || p>=(void*)mem0.aScratchFree ){
-      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
-        int iSize = sqlite3MallocSize(p);
-        sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-        sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW, -iSize);
-        sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, -iSize);
-        sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree(p);
-        sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree(p);
-      }
-    }else{
-      int i;
-      i = (int)((u8*)p - (u8*)sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch);
-      i /= sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch;
-      assert( i>=0 && i<sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch );
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-      assert( mem0.nScratchFree<(u32)sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch );
-      mem0.aScratchFree[mem0.nScratchFree++] = i;
-      sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED, -1);
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** TRUE if p is a lookaside memory allocation from db
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
-static int isLookaside(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
-  return db && p && p>=db->lookaside.pStart && p<db->lookaside.pEnd;
-}
-#else
-#define isLookaside(A,B) 0
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return the size of a memory allocation previously obtained from
-** sqlite3Malloc() or sqlite3_malloc().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void *p){
-  return sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xSize(p);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
-  assert( db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  if( isLookaside(db, p) ){
-    return db->lookaside.sz;
-  }else{
-    return sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xSize(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Free memory previously obtained from sqlite3Malloc().
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void *p){
-  if( p==0 ) return;
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-    sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, -sqlite3MallocSize(p));
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree(p);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Free memory that might be associated with a particular database
-** connection.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
-  assert( db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  if( isLookaside(db, p) ){
-    LookasideSlot *pBuf = (LookasideSlot*)p;
-    pBuf->pNext = db->lookaside.pFree;
-    db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf;
-    db->lookaside.nOut--;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_free(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the size of an existing memory allocation
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Realloc(void *pOld, int nBytes){
-  int nOld, nNew;
-  void *pNew;
-  if( pOld==0 ){
-    return sqlite3Malloc(nBytes);
-  }
-  if( nBytes<=0 ){
-    sqlite3_free(pOld);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( nBytes>=0x7fffff00 ){
-    /* The 0x7ffff00 limit term is explained in comments on sqlite3Malloc() */
-    return 0;
-  }
-  nOld = sqlite3MallocSize(pOld);
-  nNew = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRoundup(nBytes);
-  if( nOld==nNew ){
-    pNew = pOld;
-  }else if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-    sqlite3StatusSet(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE, nBytes);
-    if( sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED)+nNew-nOld >= 
-          mem0.alarmThreshold ){
-      sqlite3MallocAlarm(nNew-nOld);
-    }
-    pNew = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRealloc(pOld, nNew);
-    if( pNew==0 && mem0.alarmCallback ){
-      sqlite3MallocAlarm(nBytes);
-      pNew = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRealloc(pOld, nNew);
-    }
-    if( pNew ){
-      nNew = sqlite3MallocSize(pNew);
-      sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, nNew-nOld);
-    }
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-  }else{
-    pNew = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRealloc(pOld, nNew);
-  }
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** The public interface to sqlite3Realloc.  Make sure that the memory
-** subsystem is initialized prior to invoking sqliteRealloc.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void *pOld, int n){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
-#endif
-  return sqlite3Realloc(pOld, n);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Allocate and zero memory.
-*/ 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3MallocZero(int n){
-  void *p = sqlite3Malloc(n);
-  if( p ){
-    memset(p, 0, n);
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate and zero memory.  If the allocation fails, make
-** the mallocFailed flag in the connection pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3 *db, int n){
-  void *p = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, n);
-  if( p ){
-    memset(p, 0, n);
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate and zero memory.  If the allocation fails, make
-** the mallocFailed flag in the connection pointer.
-**
-** If db!=0 and db->mallocFailed is true (indicating a prior malloc
-** failure on the same database connection) then always return 0.
-** Hence for a particular database connection, once malloc starts
-** failing, it fails consistently until mallocFailed is reset.
-** This is an important assumption.  There are many places in the
-** code that do things like this:
-**
-**         int *a = (int*)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, 100);
-**         int *b = (int*)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, 200);
-**         if( b ) a[10] = 9;
-**
-** In other words, if a subsequent malloc (ex: "b") worked, it is assumed
-** that all prior mallocs (ex: "a") worked too.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3 *db, int n){
-  void *p;
-  assert( db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
-  if( db ){
-    LookasideSlot *pBuf;
-    if( db->mallocFailed ){
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if( db->lookaside.bEnabled && n<=db->lookaside.sz
-         && (pBuf = db->lookaside.pFree)!=0 ){
-      db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf->pNext;
-      db->lookaside.nOut++;
-      if( db->lookaside.nOut>db->lookaside.mxOut ){
-        db->lookaside.mxOut = db->lookaside.nOut;
-      }
-      return (void*)pBuf;
-    }
-  }
-#else
-  if( db && db->mallocFailed ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-#endif
-  p = sqlite3Malloc(n);
-  if( !p && db ){
-    db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Resize the block of memory pointed to by p to n bytes. If the
-** resize fails, set the mallocFailed flag in the connection object.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *db, void *p, int n){
-  void *pNew = 0;
-  assert( db!=0 );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
-    if( p==0 ){
-      return sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, n);
-    }
-    if( isLookaside(db, p) ){
-      if( n<=db->lookaside.sz ){
-        return p;
-      }
-      pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, n);
-      if( pNew ){
-        memcpy(pNew, p, db->lookaside.sz);
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-      }
-    }else{
-      pNew = sqlite3_realloc(p, n);
-      if( !pNew ){
-        db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** Attempt to reallocate p.  If the reallocation fails, then free p
-** and set the mallocFailed flag in the database connection.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *db, void *p, int n){
-  void *pNew;
-  pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, p, n);
-  if( !pNew ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-  }
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** Make a copy of a string in memory obtained from sqliteMalloc(). These 
-** functions call sqlite3MallocRaw() directly instead of sqliteMalloc(). This
-** is because when memory debugging is turned on, these two functions are 
-** called via macros that record the current file and line number in the
-** ThreadData structure.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *z){
-  char *zNew;
-  size_t n;
-  if( z==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  n = sqlite3Strlen30(z) + 1;
-  assert( (n&0x7fffffff)==n );
-  zNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, (int)n);
-  if( zNew ){
-    memcpy(zNew, z, n);
-  }
-  return zNew;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *z, int n){
-  char *zNew;
-  if( z==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  assert( (n&0x7fffffff)==n );
-  zNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, n+1);
-  if( zNew ){
-    memcpy(zNew, z, n);
-    zNew[n] = 0;
-  }
-  return zNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a string from the zFromat argument and the va_list that follows.
-** Store the string in memory obtained from sqliteMalloc() and make *pz
-** point to that string.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **pz, sqlite3 *db, const char *zFormat, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  char *z;
-
-  va_start(ap, zFormat);
-  z = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, *pz);
-  *pz = z;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This function must be called before exiting any API function (i.e. 
-** returning control to the user) that has called sqlite3_malloc or
-** sqlite3_realloc.
-**
-** The returned value is normally a copy of the second argument to this
-** function. However, if a malloc() failure has occurred since the previous
-** invocation SQLITE_NOMEM is returned instead. 
-**
-** If the first argument, db, is not NULL and a malloc() error has occurred,
-** then the connection error-code (the value returned by sqlite3_errcode())
-** is set to SQLITE_NOMEM.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3* db, int rc){
-  /* If the db handle is not NULL, then we must hold the connection handle
-  ** mutex here. Otherwise the read (and possible write) of db->mallocFailed 
-  ** is unsafe, as is the call to sqlite3Error().
-  */
-  assert( !db || sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  if( db && (db->mallocFailed || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM) ){
-    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_NOMEM, 0);
-    db->mallocFailed = 0;
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  return rc & (db ? db->errMask : 0xff);
-}
-
-/************** End of malloc.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file printf.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** The "printf" code that follows dates from the 1980's.  It is in
-** the public domain.  The original comments are included here for
-** completeness.  They are very out-of-date but might be useful as
-** an historical reference.  Most of the "enhancements" have been backed
-** out so that the functionality is now the same as standard printf().
-**
-**************************************************************************
-**
-** The following modules is an enhanced replacement for the "printf" subroutines
-** found in the standard C library.  The following enhancements are
-** supported:
-**
-**      +  Additional functions.  The standard set of "printf" functions
-**         includes printf, fprintf, sprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, and
-**         vsprintf.  This module adds the following:
-**
-**           *  snprintf -- Works like sprintf, but has an extra argument
-**                          which is the size of the buffer written to.
-**
-**           *  mprintf --  Similar to sprintf.  Writes output to memory
-**                          obtained from malloc.
-**
-**           *  xprintf --  Calls a function to dispose of output.
-**
-**           *  nprintf --  No output, but returns the number of characters
-**                          that would have been output by printf.
-**
-**           *  A v- version (ex: vsnprintf) of every function is also
-**              supplied.
-**
-**      +  A few extensions to the formatting notation are supported:
-**
-**           *  The "=" flag (similar to "-") causes the output to be
-**              be centered in the appropriately sized field.
-**
-**           *  The %b field outputs an integer in binary notation.
-**
-**           *  The %c field now accepts a precision.  The character output
-**              is repeated by the number of times the precision specifies.
-**
-**           *  The %' field works like %c, but takes as its character the
-**              next character of the format string, instead of the next
-**              argument.  For example,  printf("%.78'-")  prints 78 minus
-**              signs, the same as  printf("%.78c",'-').
-**
-**      +  When compiled using GCC on a SPARC, this version of printf is
-**         faster than the library printf for SUN OS 4.1.
-**
-**      +  All functions are fully reentrant.
-**
-*/
-
-/*
-** Conversion types fall into various categories as defined by the
-** following enumeration.
-*/
-#define etRADIX       1 /* Integer types.  %d, %x, %o, and so forth */
-#define etFLOAT       2 /* Floating point.  %f */
-#define etEXP         3 /* Exponentional notation. %e and %E */
-#define etGENERIC     4 /* Floating or exponential, depending on exponent. %g */
-#define etSIZE        5 /* Return number of characters processed so far. %n */
-#define etSTRING      6 /* Strings. %s */
-#define etDYNSTRING   7 /* Dynamically allocated strings. %z */
-#define etPERCENT     8 /* Percent symbol. %% */
-#define etCHARX       9 /* Characters. %c */
-/* The rest are extensions, not normally found in printf() */
-#define etSQLESCAPE  10 /* Strings with '\'' doubled.  %q */
-#define etSQLESCAPE2 11 /* Strings with '\'' doubled and enclosed in '',
-                          NULL pointers replaced by SQL NULL.  %Q */
-#define etTOKEN      12 /* a pointer to a Token structure */
-#define etSRCLIST    13 /* a pointer to a SrcList */
-#define etPOINTER    14 /* The %p conversion */
-#define etSQLESCAPE3 15 /* %w -> Strings with '\"' doubled */
-#define etORDINAL    16 /* %r -> 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.  English only */
-
-#define etINVALID     0 /* Any unrecognized conversion type */
-
-
-/*
-** An "etByte" is an 8-bit unsigned value.
-*/
-typedef unsigned char etByte;
-
-/*
-** Each builtin conversion character (ex: the 'd' in "%d") is described
-** by an instance of the following structure
-*/
-typedef struct et_info {   /* Information about each format field */
-  char fmttype;            /* The format field code letter */
-  etByte base;             /* The base for radix conversion */
-  etByte flags;            /* One or more of FLAG_ constants below */
-  etByte type;             /* Conversion paradigm */
-  etByte charset;          /* Offset into aDigits[] of the digits string */
-  etByte prefix;           /* Offset into aPrefix[] of the prefix string */
-} et_info;
-
-/*
-** Allowed values for et_info.flags
-*/
-#define FLAG_SIGNED  1     /* True if the value to convert is signed */
-#define FLAG_INTERN  2     /* True if for internal use only */
-#define FLAG_STRING  4     /* Allow infinity precision */
-
-
-/*
-** The following table is searched linearly, so it is good to put the
-** most frequently used conversion types first.
-*/
-static const char aDigits[] = "0123456789ABCDEF0123456789abcdef";
-static const char aPrefix[] = "-x0\000X0";
-static const et_info fmtinfo[] = {
-  {  'd', 10, 1, etRADIX,      0,  0 },
-  {  's',  0, 4, etSTRING,     0,  0 },
-  {  'g',  0, 1, etGENERIC,    30, 0 },
-  {  'z',  0, 4, etDYNSTRING,  0,  0 },
-  {  'q',  0, 4, etSQLESCAPE,  0,  0 },
-  {  'Q',  0, 4, etSQLESCAPE2, 0,  0 },
-  {  'w',  0, 4, etSQLESCAPE3, 0,  0 },
-  {  'c',  0, 0, etCHARX,      0,  0 },
-  {  'o',  8, 0, etRADIX,      0,  2 },
-  {  'u', 10, 0, etRADIX,      0,  0 },
-  {  'x', 16, 0, etRADIX,      16, 1 },
-  {  'X', 16, 0, etRADIX,      0,  4 },
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  {  'f',  0, 1, etFLOAT,      0,  0 },
-  {  'e',  0, 1, etEXP,        30, 0 },
-  {  'E',  0, 1, etEXP,        14, 0 },
-  {  'G',  0, 1, etGENERIC,    14, 0 },
-#endif
-  {  'i', 10, 1, etRADIX,      0,  0 },
-  {  'n',  0, 0, etSIZE,       0,  0 },
-  {  '%',  0, 0, etPERCENT,    0,  0 },
-  {  'p', 16, 0, etPOINTER,    0,  1 },
-
-/* All the rest have the FLAG_INTERN bit set and are thus for internal
-** use only */
-  {  'T',  0, 2, etTOKEN,      0,  0 },
-  {  'S',  0, 2, etSRCLIST,    0,  0 },
-  {  'r', 10, 3, etORDINAL,    0,  0 },
-};
-
-/*
-** If SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT is defined, then none of the floating point
-** conversions will work.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-/*
-** "*val" is a double such that 0.1 <= *val < 10.0
-** Return the ascii code for the leading digit of *val, then
-** multiply "*val" by 10.0 to renormalize.
-**
-** Example:
-**     input:     *val = 3.14159
-**     output:    *val = 1.4159    function return = '3'
-**
-** The counter *cnt is incremented each time.  After counter exceeds
-** 16 (the number of significant digits in a 64-bit float) '0' is
-** always returned.
-*/
-static char et_getdigit(LONGDOUBLE_TYPE *val, int *cnt){
-  int digit;
-  LONGDOUBLE_TYPE d;
-  if( (*cnt)++ >= 16 ) return '0';
-  digit = (int)*val;
-  d = digit;
-  digit += '0';
-  *val = (*val - d)*10.0;
-  return (char)digit;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */
-
-/*
-** Append N space characters to the given string buffer.
-*/
-static void appendSpace(StrAccum *pAccum, int N){
-  static const char zSpaces[] = "                             ";
-  while( N>=(int)sizeof(zSpaces)-1 ){
-    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, zSpaces, sizeof(zSpaces)-1);
-    N -= sizeof(zSpaces)-1;
-  }
-  if( N>0 ){
-    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, zSpaces, N);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** On machines with a small stack size, you can redefine the
-** SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE to be less than 350.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE
-# if defined(SQLITE_SMALL_STACK)
-#   define SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE 50
-# else
-#   define SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE 350
-# endif
-#endif
-#define etBUFSIZE SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE  /* Size of the output buffer */
-
-/*
-** The root program.  All variations call this core.
-**
-** INPUTS:
-**   func   This is a pointer to a function taking three arguments
-**            1. A pointer to anything.  Same as the "arg" parameter.
-**            2. A pointer to the list of characters to be output
-**               (Note, this list is NOT null terminated.)
-**            3. An integer number of characters to be output.
-**               (Note: This number might be zero.)
-**
-**   arg    This is the pointer to anything which will be passed as the
-**          first argument to "func".  Use it for whatever you like.
-**
-**   fmt    This is the format string, as in the usual print.
-**
-**   ap     This is a pointer to a list of arguments.  Same as in
-**          vfprint.
-**
-** OUTPUTS:
-**          The return value is the total number of characters sent to
-**          the function "func".  Returns -1 on a error.
-**
-** Note that the order in which automatic variables are declared below
-** seems to make a big difference in determining how fast this beast
-** will run.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VXPrintf(
-  StrAccum *pAccum,                  /* Accumulate results here */
-  int useExtended,                   /* Allow extended %-conversions */
-  const char *fmt,                   /* Format string */
-  va_list ap                         /* arguments */
-){
-  int c;                     /* Next character in the format string */
-  char *bufpt;               /* Pointer to the conversion buffer */
-  int precision;             /* Precision of the current field */
-  int length;                /* Length of the field */
-  int idx;                   /* A general purpose loop counter */
-  int width;                 /* Width of the current field */
-  etByte flag_leftjustify;   /* True if "-" flag is present */
-  etByte flag_plussign;      /* True if "+" flag is present */
-  etByte flag_blanksign;     /* True if " " flag is present */
-  etByte flag_alternateform; /* True if "#" flag is present */
-  etByte flag_altform2;      /* True if "!" flag is present */
-  etByte flag_zeropad;       /* True if field width constant starts with zero */
-  etByte flag_long;          /* True if "l" flag is present */
-  etByte flag_longlong;      /* True if the "ll" flag is present */
-  etByte done;               /* Loop termination flag */
-  sqlite_uint64 longvalue;   /* Value for integer types */
-  LONGDOUBLE_TYPE realvalue; /* Value for real types */
-  const et_info *infop;      /* Pointer to the appropriate info structure */
-  char buf[etBUFSIZE];       /* Conversion buffer */
-  char prefix;               /* Prefix character.  "+" or "-" or " " or '\0'. */
-  etByte xtype = 0;          /* Conversion paradigm */
-  char *zExtra;              /* Extra memory used for etTCLESCAPE conversions */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  int  exp, e2;              /* exponent of real numbers */
-  double rounder;            /* Used for rounding floating point values */
-  etByte flag_dp;            /* True if decimal point should be shown */
-  etByte flag_rtz;           /* True if trailing zeros should be removed */
-  etByte flag_exp;           /* True to force display of the exponent */
-  int nsd;                   /* Number of significant digits returned */
-#endif
-
-  length = 0;
-  bufpt = 0;
-  for(; (c=(*fmt))!=0; ++fmt){
-    if( c!='%' ){
-      int amt;
-      bufpt = (char *)fmt;
-      amt = 1;
-      while( (c=(*++fmt))!='%' && c!=0 ) amt++;
-      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, bufpt, amt);
-      if( c==0 ) break;
-    }
-    if( (c=(*++fmt))==0 ){
-      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, "%", 1);
-      break;
-    }
-    /* Find out what flags are present */
-    flag_leftjustify = flag_plussign = flag_blanksign = 
-     flag_alternateform = flag_altform2 = flag_zeropad = 0;
-    done = 0;
-    do{
-      switch( c ){
-        case '-':   flag_leftjustify = 1;     break;
-        case '+':   flag_plussign = 1;        break;
-        case ' ':   flag_blanksign = 1;       break;
-        case '#':   flag_alternateform = 1;   break;
-        case '!':   flag_altform2 = 1;        break;
-        case '0':   flag_zeropad = 1;         break;
-        default:    done = 1;                 break;
-      }
-    }while( !done && (c=(*++fmt))!=0 );
-    /* Get the field width */
-    width = 0;
-    if( c=='*' ){
-      width = va_arg(ap,int);
-      if( width<0 ){
-        flag_leftjustify = 1;
-        width = -width;
-      }
-      c = *++fmt;
-    }else{
-      while( c>='0' && c<='9' ){
-        width = width*10 + c - '0';
-        c = *++fmt;
-      }
-    }
-    if( width > etBUFSIZE-10 ){
-      width = etBUFSIZE-10;
-    }
-    /* Get the precision */
-    if( c=='.' ){
-      precision = 0;
-      c = *++fmt;
-      if( c=='*' ){
-        precision = va_arg(ap,int);
-        if( precision<0 ) precision = -precision;
-        c = *++fmt;
-      }else{
-        while( c>='0' && c<='9' ){
-          precision = precision*10 + c - '0';
-          c = *++fmt;
-        }
-      }
-    }else{
-      precision = -1;
-    }
-    /* Get the conversion type modifier */
-    if( c=='l' ){
-      flag_long = 1;
-      c = *++fmt;
-      if( c=='l' ){
-        flag_longlong = 1;
-        c = *++fmt;
-      }else{
-        flag_longlong = 0;
-      }
-    }else{
-      flag_long = flag_longlong = 0;
-    }
-    /* Fetch the info entry for the field */
-    infop = &fmtinfo[0];
-    xtype = etINVALID;
-    for(idx=0; idx<ArraySize(fmtinfo); idx++){
-      if( c==fmtinfo[idx].fmttype ){
-        infop = &fmtinfo[idx];
-        if( useExtended || (infop->flags & FLAG_INTERN)==0 ){
-          xtype = infop->type;
-        }else{
-          return;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    zExtra = 0;
-
-
-    /* Limit the precision to prevent overflowing buf[] during conversion */
-    if( precision>etBUFSIZE-40 && (infop->flags & FLAG_STRING)==0 ){
-      precision = etBUFSIZE-40;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    ** At this point, variables are initialized as follows:
-    **
-    **   flag_alternateform          TRUE if a '#' is present.
-    **   flag_altform2               TRUE if a '!' is present.
-    **   flag_plussign               TRUE if a '+' is present.
-    **   flag_leftjustify            TRUE if a '-' is present or if the
-    **                               field width was negative.
-    **   flag_zeropad                TRUE if the width began with 0.
-    **   flag_long                   TRUE if the letter 'l' (ell) prefixed
-    **                               the conversion character.
-    **   flag_longlong               TRUE if the letter 'll' (ell ell) prefixed
-    **                               the conversion character.
-    **   flag_blanksign              TRUE if a ' ' is present.
-    **   width                       The specified field width.  This is
-    **                               always non-negative.  Zero is the default.
-    **   precision                   The specified precision.  The default
-    **                               is -1.
-    **   xtype                       The class of the conversion.
-    **   infop                       Pointer to the appropriate info struct.
-    */
-    switch( xtype ){
-      case etPOINTER:
-        flag_longlong = sizeof(char*)==sizeof(i64);
-        flag_long = sizeof(char*)==sizeof(long int);
-        /* Fall through into the next case */
-      case etORDINAL:
-      case etRADIX:
-        if( infop->flags & FLAG_SIGNED ){
-          i64 v;
-          if( flag_longlong ){
-            v = va_arg(ap,i64);
-          }else if( flag_long ){
-            v = va_arg(ap,long int);
-          }else{
-            v = va_arg(ap,int);
-          }
-          if( v<0 ){
-            longvalue = -v;
-            prefix = '-';
-          }else{
-            longvalue = v;
-            if( flag_plussign )        prefix = '+';
-            else if( flag_blanksign )  prefix = ' ';
-            else                       prefix = 0;
-          }
-        }else{
-          if( flag_longlong ){
-            longvalue = va_arg(ap,u64);
-          }else if( flag_long ){
-            longvalue = va_arg(ap,unsigned long int);
-          }else{
-            longvalue = va_arg(ap,unsigned int);
-          }
-          prefix = 0;
-        }
-        if( longvalue==0 ) flag_alternateform = 0;
-        if( flag_zeropad && precision<width-(prefix!=0) ){
-          precision = width-(prefix!=0);
-        }
-        bufpt = &buf[etBUFSIZE-1];
-        if( xtype==etORDINAL ){
-          static const char zOrd[] = "thstndrd";
-          int x = (int)(longvalue % 10);
-          if( x>=4 || (longvalue/10)%10==1 ){
-            x = 0;
-          }
-          buf[etBUFSIZE-3] = zOrd[x*2];
-          buf[etBUFSIZE-2] = zOrd[x*2+1];
-          bufpt -= 2;
-        }
-        {
-          register const char *cset;      /* Use registers for speed */
-          register int base;
-          cset = &aDigits[infop->charset];
-          base = infop->base;
-          do{                                           /* Convert to ascii */
-            *(--bufpt) = cset[longvalue%base];
-            longvalue = longvalue/base;
-          }while( longvalue>0 );
-        }
-        length = (int)(&buf[etBUFSIZE-1]-bufpt);
-        for(idx=precision-length; idx>0; idx--){
-          *(--bufpt) = '0';                             /* Zero pad */
-        }
-        if( prefix ) *(--bufpt) = prefix;               /* Add sign */
-        if( flag_alternateform && infop->prefix ){      /* Add "0" or "0x" */
-          const char *pre;
-          char x;
-          pre = &aPrefix[infop->prefix];
-          for(; (x=(*pre))!=0; pre++) *(--bufpt) = x;
-        }
-        length = (int)(&buf[etBUFSIZE-1]-bufpt);
-        break;
-      case etFLOAT:
-      case etEXP:
-      case etGENERIC:
-        realvalue = va_arg(ap,double);
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-        length = 0;
-#else
-        if( precision<0 ) precision = 6;         /* Set default precision */
-        if( precision>etBUFSIZE/2-10 ) precision = etBUFSIZE/2-10;
-        if( realvalue<0.0 ){
-          realvalue = -realvalue;
-          prefix = '-';
-        }else{
-          if( flag_plussign )          prefix = '+';
-          else if( flag_blanksign )    prefix = ' ';
-          else                         prefix = 0;
-        }
-        if( xtype==etGENERIC && precision>0 ) precision--;
-#if 0
-        /* Rounding works like BSD when the constant 0.4999 is used.  Wierd! */
-        for(idx=precision, rounder=0.4999; idx>0; idx--, rounder*=0.1);
-#else
-        /* It makes more sense to use 0.5 */
-        for(idx=precision, rounder=0.5; idx>0; idx--, rounder*=0.1){}
-#endif
-        if( xtype==etFLOAT ) realvalue += rounder;
-        /* Normalize realvalue to within 10.0 > realvalue >= 1.0 */
-        exp = 0;
-        if( sqlite3IsNaN((double)realvalue) ){
-          bufpt = "NaN";
-          length = 3;
-          break;
-        }
-        if( realvalue>0.0 ){
-          while( realvalue>=1e32 && exp<=350 ){ realvalue *= 1e-32; exp+=32; }
-          while( realvalue>=1e8 && exp<=350 ){ realvalue *= 1e-8; exp+=8; }
-          while( realvalue>=10.0 && exp<=350 ){ realvalue *= 0.1; exp++; }
-          while( realvalue<1e-8 ){ realvalue *= 1e8; exp-=8; }
-          while( realvalue<1.0 ){ realvalue *= 10.0; exp--; }
-          if( exp>350 ){
-            if( prefix=='-' ){
-              bufpt = "-Inf";
-            }else if( prefix=='+' ){
-              bufpt = "+Inf";
-            }else{
-              bufpt = "Inf";
-            }
-            length = sqlite3Strlen30(bufpt);
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        bufpt = buf;
-        /*
-        ** If the field type is etGENERIC, then convert to either etEXP
-        ** or etFLOAT, as appropriate.
-        */
-        flag_exp = xtype==etEXP;
-        if( xtype!=etFLOAT ){
-          realvalue += rounder;
-          if( realvalue>=10.0 ){ realvalue *= 0.1; exp++; }
-        }
-        if( xtype==etGENERIC ){
-          flag_rtz = !flag_alternateform;
-          if( exp<-4 || exp>precision ){
-            xtype = etEXP;
-          }else{
-            precision = precision - exp;
-            xtype = etFLOAT;
-          }
-        }else{
-          flag_rtz = 0;
-        }
-        if( xtype==etEXP ){
-          e2 = 0;
-        }else{
-          e2 = exp;
-        }
-        nsd = 0;
-        flag_dp = (precision>0 ?1:0) | flag_alternateform | flag_altform2;
-        /* The sign in front of the number */
-        if( prefix ){
-          *(bufpt++) = prefix;
-        }
-        /* Digits prior to the decimal point */
-        if( e2<0 ){
-          *(bufpt++) = '0';
-        }else{
-          for(; e2>=0; e2--){
-            *(bufpt++) = et_getdigit(&realvalue,&nsd);
-          }
-        }
-        /* The decimal point */
-        if( flag_dp ){
-          *(bufpt++) = '.';
-        }
-        /* "0" digits after the decimal point but before the first
-        ** significant digit of the number */
-        for(e2++; e2<0; precision--, e2++){
-          assert( precision>0 );
-          *(bufpt++) = '0';
-        }
-        /* Significant digits after the decimal point */
-        while( (precision--)>0 ){
-          *(bufpt++) = et_getdigit(&realvalue,&nsd);
-        }
-        /* Remove trailing zeros and the "." if no digits follow the "." */
-        if( flag_rtz && flag_dp ){
-          while( bufpt[-1]=='0' ) *(--bufpt) = 0;
-          assert( bufpt>buf );
-          if( bufpt[-1]=='.' ){
-            if( flag_altform2 ){
-              *(bufpt++) = '0';
-            }else{
-              *(--bufpt) = 0;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        /* Add the "eNNN" suffix */
-        if( flag_exp || xtype==etEXP ){
-          *(bufpt++) = aDigits[infop->charset];
-          if( exp<0 ){
-            *(bufpt++) = '-'; exp = -exp;
-          }else{
-            *(bufpt++) = '+';
-          }
-          if( exp>=100 ){
-            *(bufpt++) = (char)((exp/100)+'0');        /* 100's digit */
-            exp %= 100;
-          }
-          *(bufpt++) = (char)(exp/10+'0');             /* 10's digit */
-          *(bufpt++) = (char)(exp%10+'0');             /* 1's digit */
-        }
-        *bufpt = 0;
-
-        /* The converted number is in buf[] and zero terminated. Output it.
-        ** Note that the number is in the usual order, not reversed as with
-        ** integer conversions. */
-        length = (int)(bufpt-buf);
-        bufpt = buf;
-
-        /* Special case:  Add leading zeros if the flag_zeropad flag is
-        ** set and we are not left justified */
-        if( flag_zeropad && !flag_leftjustify && length < width){
-          int i;
-          int nPad = width - length;
-          for(i=width; i>=nPad; i--){
-            bufpt[i] = bufpt[i-nPad];
-          }
-          i = prefix!=0;
-          while( nPad-- ) bufpt[i++] = '0';
-          length = width;
-        }
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT) */
-        break;
-      case etSIZE:
-        *(va_arg(ap,int*)) = pAccum->nChar;
-        length = width = 0;
-        break;
-      case etPERCENT:
-        buf[0] = '%';
-        bufpt = buf;
-        length = 1;
-        break;
-      case etCHARX:
-        c = va_arg(ap,int);
-        buf[0] = (char)c;
-        if( precision>=0 ){
-          for(idx=1; idx<precision; idx++) buf[idx] = (char)c;
-          length = precision;
-        }else{
-          length =1;
-        }
-        bufpt = buf;
-        break;
-      case etSTRING:
-      case etDYNSTRING:
-        bufpt = va_arg(ap,char*);
-        if( bufpt==0 ){
-          bufpt = "";
-        }else if( xtype==etDYNSTRING ){
-          zExtra = bufpt;
-        }
-        if( precision>=0 ){
-          for(length=0; length<precision && bufpt[length]; length++){}
-        }else{
-          length = sqlite3Strlen30(bufpt);
-        }
-        break;
-      case etSQLESCAPE:
-      case etSQLESCAPE2:
-      case etSQLESCAPE3: {
-        int i, j, k, n, isnull;
-        int needQuote;
-        char ch;
-        char q = ((xtype==etSQLESCAPE3)?'"':'\'');   /* Quote character */
-        char *escarg = va_arg(ap,char*);
-        isnull = escarg==0;
-        if( isnull ) escarg = (xtype==etSQLESCAPE2 ? "NULL" : "(NULL)");
-        k = precision;
-        for(i=n=0; k!=0 && (ch=escarg[i])!=0; i++, k--){
-          if( ch==q )  n++;
-        }
-        needQuote = !isnull && xtype==etSQLESCAPE2;
-        n += i + 1 + needQuote*2;
-        if( n>etBUFSIZE ){
-          bufpt = zExtra = sqlite3Malloc( n );
-          if( bufpt==0 ){
-            pAccum->mallocFailed = 1;
-            return;
-          }
-        }else{
-          bufpt = buf;
-        }
-        j = 0;
-        if( needQuote ) bufpt[j++] = q;
-        k = i;
-        for(i=0; i<k; i++){
-          bufpt[j++] = ch = escarg[i];
-          if( ch==q ) bufpt[j++] = ch;
-        }
-        if( needQuote ) bufpt[j++] = q;
-        bufpt[j] = 0;
-        length = j;
-        /* The precision in %q and %Q means how many input characters to
-        ** consume, not the length of the output...
-        ** if( precision>=0 && precision<length ) length = precision; */
-        break;
-      }
-      case etTOKEN: {
-        Token *pToken = va_arg(ap, Token*);
-        if( pToken ){
-          sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, (const char*)pToken->z, pToken->n);
-        }
-        length = width = 0;
-        break;
-      }
-      case etSRCLIST: {
-        SrcList *pSrc = va_arg(ap, SrcList*);
-        int k = va_arg(ap, int);
-        struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pSrc->a[k];
-        assert( k>=0 && k<pSrc->nSrc );
-        if( pItem->zDatabase ){
-          sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, pItem->zDatabase, -1);
-          sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, ".", 1);
-        }
-        sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, pItem->zName, -1);
-        length = width = 0;
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        assert( xtype==etINVALID );
-        return;
-      }
-    }/* End switch over the format type */
-    /*
-    ** The text of the conversion is pointed to by "bufpt" and is
-    ** "length" characters long.  The field width is "width".  Do
-    ** the output.
-    */
-    if( !flag_leftjustify ){
-      register int nspace;
-      nspace = width-length;
-      if( nspace>0 ){
-        appendSpace(pAccum, nspace);
-      }
-    }
-    if( length>0 ){
-      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, bufpt, length);
-    }
-    if( flag_leftjustify ){
-      register int nspace;
-      nspace = width-length;
-      if( nspace>0 ){
-        appendSpace(pAccum, nspace);
-      }
-    }
-    if( zExtra ){
-      sqlite3_free(zExtra);
-    }
-  }/* End for loop over the format string */
-} /* End of function */
-
-/*
-** Append N bytes of text from z to the StrAccum object.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum *p, const char *z, int N){
-  assert( z!=0 || N==0 );
-  if( p->tooBig | p->mallocFailed ){
-    testcase(p->tooBig);
-    testcase(p->mallocFailed);
-    return;
-  }
-  if( N<0 ){
-    N = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
-  }
-  if( N==0 || NEVER(z==0) ){
-    return;
-  }
-  if( p->nChar+N >= p->nAlloc ){
-    char *zNew;
-    if( !p->useMalloc ){
-      p->tooBig = 1;
-      N = p->nAlloc - p->nChar - 1;
-      if( N<=0 ){
-        return;
-      }
-    }else{
-      i64 szNew = p->nChar;
-      szNew += N + 1;
-      if( szNew > p->mxAlloc ){
-        sqlite3StrAccumReset(p);
-        p->tooBig = 1;
-        return;
-      }else{
-        p->nAlloc = (int)szNew;
-      }
-      zNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(p->db, p->nAlloc );
-      if( zNew ){
-        memcpy(zNew, p->zText, p->nChar);
-        sqlite3StrAccumReset(p);
-        p->zText = zNew;
-      }else{
-        p->mallocFailed = 1;
-        sqlite3StrAccumReset(p);
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  memcpy(&p->zText[p->nChar], z, N);
-  p->nChar += N;
-}
-
-/*
-** Finish off a string by making sure it is zero-terminated.
-** Return a pointer to the resulting string.  Return a NULL
-** pointer if any kind of error was encountered.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum *p){
-  if( p->zText ){
-    p->zText[p->nChar] = 0;
-    if( p->useMalloc && p->zText==p->zBase ){
-      p->zText = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(p->db, p->nChar+1 );
-      if( p->zText ){
-        memcpy(p->zText, p->zBase, p->nChar+1);
-      }else{
-        p->mallocFailed = 1;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return p->zText;
-}
-
-/*
-** Reset an StrAccum string.  Reclaim all malloced memory.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum *p){
-  if( p->zText!=p->zBase ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->zText);
-  }
-  p->zText = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize a string accumulator
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum *p, char *zBase, int n, int mx){
-  p->zText = p->zBase = zBase;
-  p->db = 0;
-  p->nChar = 0;
-  p->nAlloc = n;
-  p->mxAlloc = mx;
-  p->useMalloc = 1;
-  p->tooBig = 0;
-  p->mallocFailed = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Print into memory obtained from sqliteMalloc().  Use the internal
-** %-conversion extensions.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3 *db, const char *zFormat, va_list ap){
-  char *z;
-  char zBase[SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE];
-  StrAccum acc;
-  assert( db!=0 );
-  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, zBase, sizeof(zBase),
-                      db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]);
-  acc.db = db;
-  sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 1, zFormat, ap);
-  z = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
-  if( acc.mallocFailed ){
-    db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  }
-  return z;
-}
-
-/*
-** Print into memory obtained from sqliteMalloc().  Use the internal
-** %-conversion extensions.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3 *db, const char *zFormat, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  char *z;
-  va_start(ap, zFormat);
-  z = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  return z;
-}
-
-/*
-** Like sqlite3MPrintf(), but call sqlite3DbFree() on zStr after formatting
-** the string and before returnning.  This routine is intended to be used
-** to modify an existing string.  For example:
-**
-**       x = sqlite3MPrintf(db, x, "prefix %s suffix", x);
-**
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3MAppendf(sqlite3 *db, char *zStr, const char *zFormat, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  char *z;
-  va_start(ap, zFormat);
-  z = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zStr);
-  return z;
-}
-
-/*
-** Print into memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc().  Omit the internal
-** %-conversion extensions.
-*/
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char *zFormat, va_list ap){
-  char *z;
-  char zBase[SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE];
-  StrAccum acc;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
-#endif
-  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, zBase, sizeof(zBase), SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH);
-  sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
-  z = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
-  return z;
-}
-
-/*
-** Print into memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc()().  Omit the internal
-** %-conversion extensions.
-*/
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char *zFormat, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  char *z;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
-#endif
-  va_start(ap, zFormat);
-  z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  return z;
-}
-
-/*
-** sqlite3_snprintf() works like snprintf() except that it ignores the
-** current locale settings.  This is important for SQLite because we
-** are not able to use a "," as the decimal point in place of "." as
-** specified by some locales.
-*/
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int n, char *zBuf, const char *zFormat, ...){
-  char *z;
-  va_list ap;
-  StrAccum acc;
-
-  if( n<=0 ){
-    return zBuf;
-  }
-  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, zBuf, n, 0);
-  acc.useMalloc = 0;
-  va_start(ap,zFormat);
-  sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  z = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
-  return z;
-}
-
-/*
-** This is the routine that actually formats the sqlite3_log() message.
-** We house it in a separate routine from sqlite3_log() to avoid using
-** stack space on small-stack systems when logging is disabled.
-**
-** sqlite3_log() must render into a static buffer.  It cannot dynamically
-** allocate memory because it might be called while the memory allocator
-** mutex is held.
-*/
-static void renderLogMsg(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, va_list ap){
-  StrAccum acc;                          /* String accumulator */
-  char zMsg[SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE*3];    /* Complete log message */
-
-  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, zMsg, sizeof(zMsg), 0);
-  acc.useMalloc = 0;
-  sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
-  sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pLogArg, iErrCode,
-                           sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc));
-}
-
-/*
-** Format and write a message to the log if logging is enabled.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...){
-  va_list ap;                             /* Vararg list */
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog ){
-    va_start(ap, zFormat);
-    renderLogMsg(iErrCode, zFormat, ap);
-    va_end(ap);
-  }
-}
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-/*
-** A version of printf() that understands %lld.  Used for debugging.
-** The printf() built into some versions of windows does not understand %lld
-** and segfaults if you give it a long long int.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char *zFormat, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  StrAccum acc;
-  char zBuf[500];
-  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), 0);
-  acc.useMalloc = 0;
-  va_start(ap,zFormat);
-  sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
-  fprintf(stdout,"%s", zBuf);
-  fflush(stdout);
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-/*
-** variable-argument wrapper around sqlite3VXPrintf().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3XPrintf(StrAccum *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  va_start(ap,zFormat);
-  sqlite3VXPrintf(p, 1, zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-}
-#endif
-
-/************** End of printf.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file random.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code to implement a pseudo-random number
-** generator (PRNG) for SQLite.
-**
-** Random numbers are used by some of the database backends in order
-** to generate random integer keys for tables or random filenames.
-*/
-
-
-/* All threads share a single random number generator.
-** This structure is the current state of the generator.
-*/
-static SQLITE_WSD struct sqlite3PrngType {
-  unsigned char isInit;          /* True if initialized */
-  unsigned char i, j;            /* State variables */
-  unsigned char s[256];          /* State variables */
-} sqlite3Prng;
-
-/*
-** Get a single 8-bit random value from the RC4 PRNG.  The Mutex
-** must be held while executing this routine.
-**
-** Why not just use a library random generator like lrand48() for this?
-** Because the OP_NewRowid opcode in the VDBE depends on having a very
-** good source of random numbers.  The lrand48() library function may
-** well be good enough.  But maybe not.  Or maybe lrand48() has some
-** subtle problems on some systems that could cause problems.  It is hard
-** to know.  To minimize the risk of problems due to bad lrand48()
-** implementations, SQLite uses this random number generator based
-** on RC4, which we know works very well.
-**
-** (Later):  Actually, OP_NewRowid does not depend on a good source of
-** randomness any more.  But we will leave this code in all the same.
-*/
-static u8 randomByte(void){
-  unsigned char t;
-
-
-  /* The "wsdPrng" macro will resolve to the pseudo-random number generator
-  ** state vector.  If writable static data is unsupported on the target,
-  ** we have to locate the state vector at run-time.  In the more common
-  ** case where writable static data is supported, wsdPrng can refer directly
-  ** to the "sqlite3Prng" state vector declared above.
-  */
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
-  struct sqlite3PrngType *p = &GLOBAL(struct sqlite3PrngType, sqlite3Prng);
-# define wsdPrng p[0]
-#else
-# define wsdPrng sqlite3Prng
-#endif
-
-
-  /* Initialize the state of the random number generator once,
-  ** the first time this routine is called.  The seed value does
-  ** not need to contain a lot of randomness since we are not
-  ** trying to do secure encryption or anything like that...
-  **
-  ** Nothing in this file or anywhere else in SQLite does any kind of
-  ** encryption.  The RC4 algorithm is being used as a PRNG (pseudo-random
-  ** number generator) not as an encryption device.
-  */
-  if( !wsdPrng.isInit ){
-    int i;
-    char k[256];
-    wsdPrng.j = 0;
-    wsdPrng.i = 0;
-    sqlite3OsRandomness(sqlite3_vfs_find(0), 256, k);
-    for(i=0; i<256; i++){
-      wsdPrng.s[i] = (u8)i;
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<256; i++){
-      wsdPrng.j += wsdPrng.s[i] + k[i];
-      t = wsdPrng.s[wsdPrng.j];
-      wsdPrng.s[wsdPrng.j] = wsdPrng.s[i];
-      wsdPrng.s[i] = t;
-    }
-    wsdPrng.isInit = 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Generate and return single random byte
-  */
-  wsdPrng.i++;
-  t = wsdPrng.s[wsdPrng.i];
-  wsdPrng.j += t;
-  wsdPrng.s[wsdPrng.i] = wsdPrng.s[wsdPrng.j];
-  wsdPrng.s[wsdPrng.j] = t;
-  t += wsdPrng.s[wsdPrng.i];
-  return wsdPrng.s[t];
-}
-
-/*
-** Return N random bytes.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *pBuf){
-  unsigned char *zBuf = pBuf;
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG);
-#endif
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-  while( N-- ){
-    *(zBuf++) = randomByte();
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
-/*
-** For testing purposes, we sometimes want to preserve the state of
-** PRNG and restore the PRNG to its saved state at a later time, or
-** to reset the PRNG to its initial state.  These routines accomplish
-** those tasks.
-**
-** The sqlite3_test_control() interface calls these routines to
-** control the PRNG.
-*/
-static SQLITE_WSD struct sqlite3PrngType sqlite3SavedPrng;
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void){
-  memcpy(
-    &GLOBAL(struct sqlite3PrngType, sqlite3SavedPrng),
-    &GLOBAL(struct sqlite3PrngType, sqlite3Prng),
-    sizeof(sqlite3Prng)
-  );
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void){
-  memcpy(
-    &GLOBAL(struct sqlite3PrngType, sqlite3Prng),
-    &GLOBAL(struct sqlite3PrngType, sqlite3SavedPrng),
-    sizeof(sqlite3Prng)
-  );
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PrngResetState(void){
-  GLOBAL(struct sqlite3PrngType, sqlite3Prng).isInit = 0;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST */
-
-/************** End of random.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file utf.c *********************************************/
-/*
-** 2004 April 13
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains routines used to translate between UTF-8, 
-** UTF-16, UTF-16BE, and UTF-16LE.
-**
-** Notes on UTF-8:
-**
-**   Byte-0    Byte-1    Byte-2    Byte-3    Value
-**  0xxxxxxx                                 00000000 00000000 0xxxxxxx
-**  110yyyyy  10xxxxxx                       00000000 00000yyy yyxxxxxx
-**  1110zzzz  10yyyyyy  10xxxxxx             00000000 zzzzyyyy yyxxxxxx
-**  11110uuu  10uuzzzz  10yyyyyy  10xxxxxx   000uuuuu zzzzyyyy yyxxxxxx
-**
-**
-** Notes on UTF-16:  (with wwww+1==uuuuu)
-**
-**      Word-0               Word-1          Value
-**  110110ww wwzzzzyy   110111yy yyxxxxxx    000uuuuu zzzzyyyy yyxxxxxx
-**  zzzzyyyy yyxxxxxx                        00000000 zzzzyyyy yyxxxxxx
-**
-**
-** BOM or Byte Order Mark:
-**     0xff 0xfe   little-endian utf-16 follows
-**     0xfe 0xff   big-endian utf-16 follows
-**
-*/
-/************** Include vdbeInt.h in the middle of utf.c *********************/
-/************** Begin file vdbeInt.h *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2003 September 6
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This is the header file for information that is private to the
-** VDBE.  This information used to all be at the top of the single
-** source code file "vdbe.c".  When that file became too big (over
-** 6000 lines long) it was split up into several smaller files and
-** this header information was factored out.
-*/
-#ifndef _VDBEINT_H_
-#define _VDBEINT_H_
-
-/*
-** SQL is translated into a sequence of instructions to be
-** executed by a virtual machine.  Each instruction is an instance
-** of the following structure.
-*/
-typedef struct VdbeOp Op;
-
-/*
-** Boolean values
-*/
-typedef unsigned char Bool;
-
-/*
-** A cursor is a pointer into a single BTree within a database file.
-** The cursor can seek to a BTree entry with a particular key, or
-** loop over all entries of the Btree.  You can also insert new BTree
-** entries or retrieve the key or data from the entry that the cursor
-** is currently pointing to.
-** 
-** Every cursor that the virtual machine has open is represented by an
-** instance of the following structure.
-**
-** If the VdbeCursor.isTriggerRow flag is set it means that this cursor is
-** really a single row that represents the NEW or OLD pseudo-table of
-** a row trigger.  The data for the row is stored in VdbeCursor.pData and
-** the rowid is in VdbeCursor.iKey.
-*/
-struct VdbeCursor {
-  BtCursor *pCursor;    /* The cursor structure of the backend */
-  int iDb;              /* Index of cursor database in db->aDb[] (or -1) */
-  i64 lastRowid;        /* Last rowid from a Next or NextIdx operation */
-  Bool zeroed;          /* True if zeroed out and ready for reuse */
-  Bool rowidIsValid;    /* True if lastRowid is valid */
-  Bool atFirst;         /* True if pointing to first entry */
-  Bool useRandomRowid;  /* Generate new record numbers semi-randomly */
-  Bool nullRow;         /* True if pointing to a row with no data */
-  Bool deferredMoveto;  /* A call to sqlite3BtreeMoveto() is needed */
-  Bool isTable;         /* True if a table requiring integer keys */
-  Bool isIndex;         /* True if an index containing keys only - no data */
-  i64 movetoTarget;     /* Argument to the deferred sqlite3BtreeMoveto() */
-  Btree *pBt;           /* Separate file holding temporary table */
-  int pseudoTableReg;   /* Register holding pseudotable content. */
-  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;    /* Info about index keys needed by index cursors */
-  int nField;           /* Number of fields in the header */
-  i64 seqCount;         /* Sequence counter */
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;  /* The cursor for a virtual table */
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;     /* Module for cursor pVtabCursor */
-
-  /* Result of last sqlite3BtreeMoveto() done by an OP_NotExists or 
-  ** OP_IsUnique opcode on this cursor. */
-  int seekResult;
-
-  /* Cached information about the header for the data record that the
-  ** cursor is currently pointing to.  Only valid if cacheStatus matches
-  ** Vdbe.cacheCtr.  Vdbe.cacheCtr will never take on the value of
-  ** CACHE_STALE and so setting cacheStatus=CACHE_STALE guarantees that
-  ** the cache is out of date.
-  **
-  ** aRow might point to (ephemeral) data for the current row, or it might
-  ** be NULL.
-  */
-  u32 cacheStatus;      /* Cache is valid if this matches Vdbe.cacheCtr */
-  int payloadSize;      /* Total number of bytes in the record */
-  u32 *aType;           /* Type values for all entries in the record */
-  u32 *aOffset;         /* Cached offsets to the start of each columns data */
-  u8 *aRow;             /* Data for the current row, if all on one page */
-};
-typedef struct VdbeCursor VdbeCursor;
-
-/*
-** When a sub-program is executed (OP_Program), a structure of this type
-** is allocated to store the current value of the program counter, as
-** well as the current memory cell array and various other frame specific
-** values stored in the Vdbe struct. When the sub-program is finished, 
-** these values are copied back to the Vdbe from the VdbeFrame structure,
-** restoring the state of the VM to as it was before the sub-program
-** began executing.
-**
-** Frames are stored in a linked list headed at Vdbe.pParent. Vdbe.pParent
-** is the parent of the current frame, or zero if the current frame
-** is the main Vdbe program.
-*/
-typedef struct VdbeFrame VdbeFrame;
-struct VdbeFrame {
-  Vdbe *v;                /* VM this frame belongs to */
-  int pc;                 /* Program Counter */
-  Op *aOp;                /* Program instructions */
-  int nOp;                /* Size of aOp array */
-  Mem *aMem;              /* Array of memory cells */
-  int nMem;               /* Number of entries in aMem */
-  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* Element of Vdbe cursors */
-  u16 nCursor;            /* Number of entries in apCsr */
-  void *token;            /* Copy of SubProgram.token */
-  int nChildMem;          /* Number of memory cells for child frame */
-  int nChildCsr;          /* Number of cursors for child frame */
-  i64 lastRowid;          /* Last insert rowid (sqlite3.lastRowid) */
-  int nChange;            /* Statement changes (Vdbe.nChanges)     */
-  VdbeFrame *pParent;     /* Parent of this frame */
-};
-
-#define VdbeFrameMem(p) ((Mem *)&((u8 *)p)[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))])
-
-/*
-** A value for VdbeCursor.cacheValid that means the cache is always invalid.
-*/
-#define CACHE_STALE 0
-
-/*
-** Internally, the vdbe manipulates nearly all SQL values as Mem
-** structures. Each Mem struct may cache multiple representations (string,
-** integer etc.) of the same value.  A value (and therefore Mem structure)
-** has the following properties:
-**
-** Each value has a manifest type. The manifest type of the value stored
-** in a Mem struct is returned by the MemType(Mem*) macro. The type is
-** one of SQLITE_NULL, SQLITE_INTEGER, SQLITE_REAL, SQLITE_TEXT or
-** SQLITE_BLOB.
-*/
-struct Mem {
-  union {
-    i64 i;              /* Integer value. */
-    int nZero;          /* Used when bit MEM_Zero is set in flags */
-    FuncDef *pDef;      /* Used only when flags==MEM_Agg */
-    RowSet *pRowSet;    /* Used only when flags==MEM_RowSet */
-    VdbeFrame *pFrame;  /* Used when flags==MEM_Frame */
-  } u;
-  double r;           /* Real value */
-  sqlite3 *db;        /* The associated database connection */
-  char *z;            /* String or BLOB value */
-  int n;              /* Number of characters in string value, excluding '\0' */
-  u16 flags;          /* Some combination of MEM_Null, MEM_Str, MEM_Dyn, etc. */
-  u8  type;           /* One of SQLITE_NULL, SQLITE_TEXT, SQLITE_INTEGER, etc */
-  u8  enc;            /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE, SQLITE_UTF16LE */
-  void (*xDel)(void *);  /* If not null, call this function to delete Mem.z */
-  char *zMalloc;      /* Dynamic buffer allocated by sqlite3_malloc() */
-};
-
-/* One or more of the following flags are set to indicate the validOK
-** representations of the value stored in the Mem struct.
-**
-** If the MEM_Null flag is set, then the value is an SQL NULL value.
-** No other flags may be set in this case.
-**
-** If the MEM_Str flag is set then Mem.z points at a string representation.
-** Usually this is encoded in the same unicode encoding as the main
-** database (see below for exceptions). If the MEM_Term flag is also
-** set, then the string is nul terminated. The MEM_Int and MEM_Real 
-** flags may coexist with the MEM_Str flag.
-**
-** Multiple of these values can appear in Mem.flags.  But only one
-** at a time can appear in Mem.type.
-*/
-#define MEM_Null      0x0001   /* Value is NULL */
-#define MEM_Str       0x0002   /* Value is a string */
-#define MEM_Int       0x0004   /* Value is an integer */
-#define MEM_Real      0x0008   /* Value is a real number */
-#define MEM_Blob      0x0010   /* Value is a BLOB */
-#define MEM_RowSet    0x0020   /* Value is a RowSet object */
-#define MEM_Frame     0x0040   /* Value is a VdbeFrame object */
-#define MEM_TypeMask  0x00ff   /* Mask of type bits */
-
-/* Whenever Mem contains a valid string or blob representation, one of
-** the following flags must be set to determine the memory management
-** policy for Mem.z.  The MEM_Term flag tells us whether or not the
-** string is \000 or \u0000 terminated
-*/
-#define MEM_Term      0x0200   /* String rep is nul terminated */
-#define MEM_Dyn       0x0400   /* Need to call sqliteFree() on Mem.z */
-#define MEM_Static    0x0800   /* Mem.z points to a static string */
-#define MEM_Ephem     0x1000   /* Mem.z points to an ephemeral string */
-#define MEM_Agg       0x2000   /* Mem.z points to an agg function context */
-#define MEM_Zero      0x4000   /* Mem.i contains count of 0s appended to blob */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-  #undef MEM_Zero
-  #define MEM_Zero 0x0000
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Clear any existing type flags from a Mem and replace them with f
-*/
-#define MemSetTypeFlag(p, f) \
-   ((p)->flags = ((p)->flags&~(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Zero))|f)
-
-
-/* A VdbeFunc is just a FuncDef (defined in sqliteInt.h) that contains
-** additional information about auxiliary information bound to arguments
-** of the function.  This is used to implement the sqlite3_get_auxdata()
-** and sqlite3_set_auxdata() APIs.  The "auxdata" is some auxiliary data
-** that can be associated with a constant argument to a function.  This
-** allows functions such as "regexp" to compile their constant regular
-** expression argument once and reused the compiled code for multiple
-** invocations.
-*/
-struct VdbeFunc {
-  FuncDef *pFunc;               /* The definition of the function */
-  int nAux;                     /* Number of entries allocated for apAux[] */
-  struct AuxData {
-    void *pAux;                   /* Aux data for the i-th argument */
-    void (*xDelete)(void *);      /* Destructor for the aux data */
-  } apAux[1];                   /* One slot for each function argument */
-};
-
-/*
-** The "context" argument for a installable function.  A pointer to an
-** instance of this structure is the first argument to the routines used
-** implement the SQL functions.
-**
-** There is a typedef for this structure in sqlite.h.  So all routines,
-** even the public interface to SQLite, can use a pointer to this structure.
-** But this file is the only place where the internal details of this
-** structure are known.
-**
-** This structure is defined inside of vdbeInt.h because it uses substructures
-** (Mem) which are only defined there.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_context {
-  FuncDef *pFunc;       /* Pointer to function information.  MUST BE FIRST */
-  VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc;  /* Auxilary data, if created. */
-  Mem s;                /* The return value is stored here */
-  Mem *pMem;            /* Memory cell used to store aggregate context */
-  int isError;          /* Error code returned by the function. */
-  CollSeq *pColl;       /* Collating sequence */
-};
-
-/*
-** A Set structure is used for quick testing to see if a value
-** is part of a small set.  Sets are used to implement code like
-** this:
-**            x.y IN ('hi','hoo','hum')
-*/
-typedef struct Set Set;
-struct Set {
-  Hash hash;             /* A set is just a hash table */
-  HashElem *prev;        /* Previously accessed hash elemen */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of the virtual machine.  This structure contains the complete
-** state of the virtual machine.
-**
-** The "sqlite3_stmt" structure pointer that is returned by sqlite3_compile()
-** is really a pointer to an instance of this structure.
-**
-** The Vdbe.inVtabMethod variable is set to non-zero for the duration of
-** any virtual table method invocations made by the vdbe program. It is
-** set to 2 for xDestroy method calls and 1 for all other methods. This
-** variable is used for two purposes: to allow xDestroy methods to execute
-** "DROP TABLE" statements and to prevent some nasty side effects of
-** malloc failure when SQLite is invoked recursively by a virtual table 
-** method function.
-*/
-struct Vdbe {
-  sqlite3 *db;            /* The database connection that owns this statement */
-  Vdbe *pPrev,*pNext;     /* Linked list of VDBEs with the same Vdbe.db */
-  int nOp;                /* Number of instructions in the program */
-  int nOpAlloc;           /* Number of slots allocated for aOp[] */
-  Op *aOp;                /* Space to hold the virtual machine's program */
-  int nLabel;             /* Number of labels used */
-  int nLabelAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated in aLabel[] */
-  int *aLabel;            /* Space to hold the labels */
-  Mem **apArg;            /* Arguments to currently executing user function */
-  Mem *aColName;          /* Column names to return */
-  Mem *pResultSet;        /* Pointer to an array of results */
-  u16 nResColumn;         /* Number of columns in one row of the result set */
-  u16 nCursor;            /* Number of slots in apCsr[] */
-  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* One element of this array for each open cursor */
-  u8 errorAction;         /* Recovery action to do in case of an error */
-  u8 okVar;               /* True if azVar[] has been initialized */
-  ynVar nVar;             /* Number of entries in aVar[] */
-  Mem *aVar;              /* Values for the OP_Variable opcode. */
-  char **azVar;           /* Name of variables */
-  u32 magic;              /* Magic number for sanity checking */
-  int nMem;               /* Number of memory locations currently allocated */
-  Mem *aMem;              /* The memory locations */
-  u32 cacheCtr;           /* VdbeCursor row cache generation counter */
-  int pc;                 /* The program counter */
-  int rc;                 /* Value to return */
-  char *zErrMsg;          /* Error message written here */
-  u8 explain;             /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
-  u8 changeCntOn;         /* True to update the change-counter */
-  u8 expired;             /* True if the VM needs to be recompiled */
-  u8 runOnlyOnce;         /* Automatically expire on reset */
-  u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */
-  u8 inVtabMethod;        /* See comments above */
-  u8 usesStmtJournal;     /* True if uses a statement journal */
-  u8 readOnly;            /* True for read-only statements */
-  u8 isPrepareV2;         /* True if prepared with prepare_v2() */
-  int nChange;            /* Number of db changes made since last reset */
-  int btreeMask;          /* Bitmask of db->aDb[] entries referenced */
-  i64 startTime;          /* Time when query started - used for profiling */
-  BtreeMutexArray aMutex; /* An array of Btree used here and needing locks */
-  int aCounter[2];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
-  char *zSql;             /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
-  void *pFree;            /* Free this when deleting the vdbe */
-  i64 nFkConstraint;      /* Number of imm. FK constraints this VM */
-  i64 nStmtDefCons;       /* Number of def. constraints when stmt started */
-  int iStatement;         /* Statement number (or 0 if has not opened stmt) */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  FILE *trace;            /* Write an execution trace here, if not NULL */
-#endif
-  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
-  int nFrame;             /* Number of frames in pFrame list */
-  u32 expmask;            /* Binding to these vars invalidates VM */
-};
-
-/*
-** The following are allowed values for Vdbe.magic
-*/
-#define VDBE_MAGIC_INIT     0x26bceaa5    /* Building a VDBE program */
-#define VDBE_MAGIC_RUN      0xbdf20da3    /* VDBE is ready to execute */
-#define VDBE_MAGIC_HALT     0x519c2973    /* VDBE has completed execution */
-#define VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD     0xb606c3c8    /* The VDBE has been deallocated */
-
-/*
-** Function prototypes
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(Vdbe *, VdbeCursor*);
-void sqliteVdbePopStack(Vdbe*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor*);
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbePrintOp(FILE*, int, Op*);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u32);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialType(Mem*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(unsigned char*, int, Mem*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(const unsigned char*, u32, Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(VdbeFunc*, int);
-
-int sqlite2BtreeKeyCompare(BtCursor *, const void *, int, int, int *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(VdbeCursor*,UnpackedRecord*,int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(sqlite3*, BtCursor *, i64 *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem*, const Mem*, const CollSeq*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeList(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(Mem *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(Mem*, const Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(Mem*, const Mem*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemMove(Mem*, Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(Mem*, const char*, int, u8, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(Mem*, i64);
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-# define sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64
-#else
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(Mem*, double);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(Mem*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(Mem*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3VdbeIntValue(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE double sqlite3VdbeRealValue(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(BtCursor*,int,int,int,Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(Mem *p);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(Mem *p);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem*, FuncDef*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int preserve);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(Mem *pMem);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(Vdbe *, int);
-#else
-# define sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p,i) 0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(Vdbe *p);
-#else
-# define sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(p)
-#endif
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem*, u8);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbePrintSql(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(Mem *pMem);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(Mem *);
-#else
-  #define sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(x) SQLITE_OK
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !defined(_VDBEINT_H_) */
-
-/************** End of vdbeInt.h *********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in utf.c ************************/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
-/*
-** The following constant value is used by the SQLITE_BIGENDIAN and
-** SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN macros.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const int sqlite3one = 1;
-#endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
-
-/*
-** This lookup table is used to help decode the first byte of
-** a multi-byte UTF8 character.
-*/
-static const unsigned char sqlite3Utf8Trans1[] = {
-  0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
-  0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
-  0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
-  0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
-  0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
-  0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
-  0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
-  0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
-};
-
-
-#define WRITE_UTF8(zOut, c) {                          \
-  if( c<0x00080 ){                                     \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)(c&0xFF);                            \
-  }                                                    \
-  else if( c<0x00800 ){                                \
-    *zOut++ = 0xC0 + (u8)((c>>6)&0x1F);                \
-    *zOut++ = 0x80 + (u8)(c & 0x3F);                   \
-  }                                                    \
-  else if( c<0x10000 ){                                \
-    *zOut++ = 0xE0 + (u8)((c>>12)&0x0F);               \
-    *zOut++ = 0x80 + (u8)((c>>6) & 0x3F);              \
-    *zOut++ = 0x80 + (u8)(c & 0x3F);                   \
-  }else{                                               \
-    *zOut++ = 0xF0 + (u8)((c>>18) & 0x07);             \
-    *zOut++ = 0x80 + (u8)((c>>12) & 0x3F);             \
-    *zOut++ = 0x80 + (u8)((c>>6) & 0x3F);              \
-    *zOut++ = 0x80 + (u8)(c & 0x3F);                   \
-  }                                                    \
-}
-
-#define WRITE_UTF16LE(zOut, c) {                                    \
-  if( c<=0xFFFF ){                                                  \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)(c&0x00FF);                                       \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)((c>>8)&0x00FF);                                  \
-  }else{                                                            \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)(((c>>10)&0x003F) + (((c-0x10000)>>10)&0x00C0));  \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)(0x00D8 + (((c-0x10000)>>18)&0x03));              \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)(c&0x00FF);                                       \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)(0x00DC + ((c>>8)&0x03));                         \
-  }                                                                 \
-}
-
-#define WRITE_UTF16BE(zOut, c) {                                    \
-  if( c<=0xFFFF ){                                                  \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)((c>>8)&0x00FF);                                  \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)(c&0x00FF);                                       \
-  }else{                                                            \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)(0x00D8 + (((c-0x10000)>>18)&0x03));              \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)(((c>>10)&0x003F) + (((c-0x10000)>>10)&0x00C0));  \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)(0x00DC + ((c>>8)&0x03));                         \
-    *zOut++ = (u8)(c&0x00FF);                                       \
-  }                                                                 \
-}
-
-#define READ_UTF16LE(zIn, TERM, c){                                   \
-  c = (*zIn++);                                                       \
-  c += ((*zIn++)<<8);                                                 \
-  if( c>=0xD800 && c<0xE000 && TERM ){                                \
-    int c2 = (*zIn++);                                                \
-    c2 += ((*zIn++)<<8);                                              \
-    c = (c2&0x03FF) + ((c&0x003F)<<10) + (((c&0x03C0)+0x0040)<<10);   \
-  }                                                                   \
-}
-
-#define READ_UTF16BE(zIn, TERM, c){                                   \
-  c = ((*zIn++)<<8);                                                  \
-  c += (*zIn++);                                                      \
-  if( c>=0xD800 && c<0xE000 && TERM ){                                \
-    int c2 = ((*zIn++)<<8);                                           \
-    c2 += (*zIn++);                                                   \
-    c = (c2&0x03FF) + ((c&0x003F)<<10) + (((c&0x03C0)+0x0040)<<10);   \
-  }                                                                   \
-}
-
-/*
-** Translate a single UTF-8 character.  Return the unicode value.
-**
-** During translation, assume that the byte that zTerm points
-** is a 0x00.
-**
-** Write a pointer to the next unread byte back into *pzNext.
-**
-** Notes On Invalid UTF-8:
-**
-**  *  This routine never allows a 7-bit character (0x00 through 0x7f) to
-**     be encoded as a multi-byte character.  Any multi-byte character that
-**     attempts to encode a value between 0x00 and 0x7f is rendered as 0xfffd.
-**
-**  *  This routine never allows a UTF16 surrogate value to be encoded.
-**     If a multi-byte character attempts to encode a value between
-**     0xd800 and 0xe000 then it is rendered as 0xfffd.
-**
-**  *  Bytes in the range of 0x80 through 0xbf which occur as the first
-**     byte of a character are interpreted as single-byte characters
-**     and rendered as themselves even though they are technically
-**     invalid characters.
-**
-**  *  This routine accepts an infinite number of different UTF8 encodings
-**     for unicode values 0x80 and greater.  It do not change over-length
-**     encodings to 0xfffd as some systems recommend.
-*/
-#define READ_UTF8(zIn, zTerm, c)                           \
-  c = *(zIn++);                                            \
-  if( c>=0xc0 ){                                           \
-    c = sqlite3Utf8Trans1[c-0xc0];                         \
-    while( zIn!=zTerm && (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){            \
-      c = (c<<6) + (0x3f & *(zIn++));                      \
-    }                                                      \
-    if( c<0x80                                             \
-        || (c&0xFFFFF800)==0xD800                          \
-        || (c&0xFFFFFFFE)==0xFFFE ){  c = 0xFFFD; }        \
-  }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8Read(
-  const unsigned char *zIn,       /* First byte of UTF-8 character */
-  const unsigned char **pzNext    /* Write first byte past UTF-8 char here */
-){
-  int c;
-
-  /* Same as READ_UTF8() above but without the zTerm parameter.
-  ** For this routine, we assume the UTF8 string is always zero-terminated.
-  */
-  c = *(zIn++);
-  if( c>=0xc0 ){
-    c = sqlite3Utf8Trans1[c-0xc0];
-    while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){
-      c = (c<<6) + (0x3f & *(zIn++));
-    }
-    if( c<0x80
-        || (c&0xFFFFF800)==0xD800
-        || (c&0xFFFFFFFE)==0xFFFE ){  c = 0xFFFD; }
-  }
-  *pzNext = zIn;
-  return c;
-}
-
-
-
-
-/*
-** If the TRANSLATE_TRACE macro is defined, the value of each Mem is
-** printed on stderr on the way into and out of sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate().
-*/ 
-/* #define TRANSLATE_TRACE 1 */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-/*
-** This routine transforms the internal text encoding used by pMem to
-** desiredEnc. It is an error if the string is already of the desired
-** encoding, or if *pMem does not contain a string value.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem *pMem, u8 desiredEnc){
-  int len;                    /* Maximum length of output string in bytes */
-  unsigned char *zOut;                  /* Output buffer */
-  unsigned char *zIn;                   /* Input iterator */
-  unsigned char *zTerm;                 /* End of input */
-  unsigned char *z;                     /* Output iterator */
-  unsigned int c;
-
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  assert( pMem->flags&MEM_Str );
-  assert( pMem->enc!=desiredEnc );
-  assert( pMem->enc!=0 );
-  assert( pMem->n>=0 );
-
-#if defined(TRANSLATE_TRACE) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-  {
-    char zBuf[100];
-    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(pMem, zBuf);
-    fprintf(stderr, "INPUT:  %s\n", zBuf);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* If the translation is between UTF-16 little and big endian, then 
-  ** all that is required is to swap the byte order. This case is handled
-  ** differently from the others.
-  */
-  if( pMem->enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 && desiredEnc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-    u8 temp;
-    int rc;
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(pMem);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      assert( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    zIn = (u8*)pMem->z;
-    zTerm = &zIn[pMem->n&~1];
-    while( zIn<zTerm ){
-      temp = *zIn;
-      *zIn = *(zIn+1);
-      zIn++;
-      *zIn++ = temp;
-    }
-    pMem->enc = desiredEnc;
-    goto translate_out;
-  }
-
-  /* Set len to the maximum number of bytes required in the output buffer. */
-  if( desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-    /* When converting from UTF-16, the maximum growth results from
-    ** translating a 2-byte character to a 4-byte UTF-8 character.
-    ** A single byte is required for the output string
-    ** nul-terminator.
-    */
-    pMem->n &= ~1;
-    len = pMem->n * 2 + 1;
-  }else{
-    /* When converting from UTF-8 to UTF-16 the maximum growth is caused
-    ** when a 1-byte UTF-8 character is translated into a 2-byte UTF-16
-    ** character. Two bytes are required in the output buffer for the
-    ** nul-terminator.
-    */
-    len = pMem->n * 2 + 2;
-  }
-
-  /* Set zIn to point at the start of the input buffer and zTerm to point 1
-  ** byte past the end.
-  **
-  ** Variable zOut is set to point at the output buffer, space obtained
-  ** from sqlite3_malloc().
-  */
-  zIn = (u8*)pMem->z;
-  zTerm = &zIn[pMem->n];
-  zOut = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pMem->db, len);
-  if( !zOut ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  z = zOut;
-
-  if( pMem->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-    if( desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF16LE ){
-      /* UTF-8 -> UTF-16 Little-endian */
-      while( zIn<zTerm ){
-        /* c = sqlite3Utf8Read(zIn, zTerm, (const u8**)&zIn); */
-        READ_UTF8(zIn, zTerm, c);
-        WRITE_UTF16LE(z, c);
-      }
-    }else{
-      assert( desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
-      /* UTF-8 -> UTF-16 Big-endian */
-      while( zIn<zTerm ){
-        /* c = sqlite3Utf8Read(zIn, zTerm, (const u8**)&zIn); */
-        READ_UTF8(zIn, zTerm, c);
-        WRITE_UTF16BE(z, c);
-      }
-    }
-    pMem->n = (int)(z - zOut);
-    *z++ = 0;
-  }else{
-    assert( desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF8 );
-    if( pMem->enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE ){
-      /* UTF-16 Little-endian -> UTF-8 */
-      while( zIn<zTerm ){
-        READ_UTF16LE(zIn, zIn<zTerm, c); 
-        WRITE_UTF8(z, c);
-      }
-    }else{
-      /* UTF-16 Big-endian -> UTF-8 */
-      while( zIn<zTerm ){
-        READ_UTF16BE(zIn, zIn<zTerm, c); 
-        WRITE_UTF8(z, c);
-      }
-    }
-    pMem->n = (int)(z - zOut);
-  }
-  *z = 0;
-  assert( (pMem->n+(desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF8?1:2))<=len );
-
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-  pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Static|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem);
-  pMem->enc = desiredEnc;
-  pMem->flags |= (MEM_Term|MEM_Dyn);
-  pMem->z = (char*)zOut;
-  pMem->zMalloc = pMem->z;
-
-translate_out:
-#if defined(TRANSLATE_TRACE) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-  {
-    char zBuf[100];
-    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(pMem, zBuf);
-    fprintf(stderr, "OUTPUT: %s\n", zBuf);
-  }
-#endif
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine checks for a byte-order mark at the beginning of the 
-** UTF-16 string stored in *pMem. If one is present, it is removed and
-** the encoding of the Mem adjusted. This routine does not do any
-** byte-swapping, it just sets Mem.enc appropriately.
-**
-** The allocation (static, dynamic etc.) and encoding of the Mem may be
-** changed by this function.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(Mem *pMem){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  u8 bom = 0;
-
-  assert( pMem->n>=0 );
-  if( pMem->n>1 ){
-    u8 b1 = *(u8 *)pMem->z;
-    u8 b2 = *(((u8 *)pMem->z) + 1);
-    if( b1==0xFE && b2==0xFF ){
-      bom = SQLITE_UTF16BE;
-    }
-    if( b1==0xFF && b2==0xFE ){
-      bom = SQLITE_UTF16LE;
-    }
-  }
-  
-  if( bom ){
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(pMem);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pMem->n -= 2;
-      memmove(pMem->z, &pMem->z[2], pMem->n);
-      pMem->z[pMem->n] = '\0';
-      pMem->z[pMem->n+1] = '\0';
-      pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
-      pMem->enc = bom;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-
-/*
-** pZ is a UTF-8 encoded unicode string. If nByte is less than zero,
-** return the number of unicode characters in pZ up to (but not including)
-** the first 0x00 byte. If nByte is not less than zero, return the
-** number of unicode characters in the first nByte of pZ (or up to 
-** the first 0x00, whichever comes first).
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *zIn, int nByte){
-  int r = 0;
-  const u8 *z = (const u8*)zIn;
-  const u8 *zTerm;
-  if( nByte>=0 ){
-    zTerm = &z[nByte];
-  }else{
-    zTerm = (const u8*)(-1);
-  }
-  assert( z<=zTerm );
-  while( *z!=0 && z<zTerm ){
-    SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(z);
-    r++;
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-
-/* This test function is not currently used by the automated test-suite. 
-** Hence it is only available in debug builds.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-/*
-** Translate UTF-8 to UTF-8.
-**
-** This has the effect of making sure that the string is well-formed
-** UTF-8.  Miscoded characters are removed.
-**
-** The translation is done in-place (since it is impossible for the
-** correct UTF-8 encoding to be longer than a malformed encoding).
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char *zIn){
-  unsigned char *zOut = zIn;
-  unsigned char *zStart = zIn;
-  u32 c;
-
-  while( zIn[0] ){
-    c = sqlite3Utf8Read(zIn, (const u8**)&zIn);
-    if( c!=0xfffd ){
-      WRITE_UTF8(zOut, c);
-    }
-  }
-  *zOut = 0;
-  return (int)(zOut - zStart);
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-/*
-** Convert a UTF-16 string in the native encoding into a UTF-8 string.
-** Memory to hold the UTF-8 string is obtained from sqlite3_malloc and must
-** be freed by the calling function.
-**
-** NULL is returned if there is an allocation error.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *db, const void *z, int nByte, u8 enc){
-  Mem m;
-  memset(&m, 0, sizeof(m));
-  m.db = db;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(&m, z, nByte, enc, SQLITE_STATIC);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&m, SQLITE_UTF8);
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&m);
-    m.z = 0;
-  }
-  assert( (m.flags & MEM_Term)!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
-  assert( (m.flags & MEM_Str)!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
-  assert( (m.flags & MEM_Dyn)!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
-  assert( m.z || db->mallocFailed );
-  return m.z;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert a UTF-8 string to the UTF-16 encoding specified by parameter
-** enc. A pointer to the new string is returned, and the value of *pnOut
-** is set to the length of the returned string in bytes. The call should
-** arrange to call sqlite3DbFree() on the returned pointer when it is
-** no longer required.
-** 
-** If a malloc failure occurs, NULL is returned and the db.mallocFailed
-** flag set.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Utf8to16(sqlite3 *db, u8 enc, char *z, int n, int *pnOut){
-  Mem m;
-  memset(&m, 0, sizeof(m));
-  m.db = db;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(&m, z, n, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(&m, enc) ){
-    assert( db->mallocFailed );
-    return 0;
-  }
-  assert( m.z==m.zMalloc );
-  *pnOut = m.n;
-  return m.z;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** zIn is a UTF-16 encoded unicode string at least nChar characters long.
-** Return the number of bytes in the first nChar unicode characters
-** in pZ.  nChar must be non-negative.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *zIn, int nChar){
-  int c;
-  unsigned char const *z = zIn;
-  int n = 0;
-  
-  if( SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE==SQLITE_UTF16BE ){
-    while( n<nChar ){
-      READ_UTF16BE(z, 1, c);
-      n++;
-    }
-  }else{
-    while( n<nChar ){
-      READ_UTF16LE(z, 1, c);
-      n++;
-    }
-  }
-  return (int)(z-(unsigned char const *)zIn);
-}
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-/*
-** This routine is called from the TCL test function "translate_selftest".
-** It checks that the primitives for serializing and deserializing
-** characters in each encoding are inverses of each other.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UtfSelfTest(void){
-  unsigned int i, t;
-  unsigned char zBuf[20];
-  unsigned char *z;
-  int n;
-  unsigned int c;
-
-  for(i=0; i<0x00110000; i++){
-    z = zBuf;
-    WRITE_UTF8(z, i);
-    n = (int)(z-zBuf);
-    assert( n>0 && n<=4 );
-    z[0] = 0;
-    z = zBuf;
-    c = sqlite3Utf8Read(z, (const u8**)&z);
-    t = i;
-    if( i>=0xD800 && i<=0xDFFF ) t = 0xFFFD;
-    if( (i&0xFFFFFFFE)==0xFFFE ) t = 0xFFFD;
-    assert( c==t );
-    assert( (z-zBuf)==n );
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<0x00110000; i++){
-    if( i>=0xD800 && i<0xE000 ) continue;
-    z = zBuf;
-    WRITE_UTF16LE(z, i);
-    n = (int)(z-zBuf);
-    assert( n>0 && n<=4 );
-    z[0] = 0;
-    z = zBuf;
-    READ_UTF16LE(z, 1, c);
-    assert( c==i );
-    assert( (z-zBuf)==n );
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<0x00110000; i++){
-    if( i>=0xD800 && i<0xE000 ) continue;
-    z = zBuf;
-    WRITE_UTF16BE(z, i);
-    n = (int)(z-zBuf);
-    assert( n>0 && n<=4 );
-    z[0] = 0;
-    z = zBuf;
-    READ_UTF16BE(z, 1, c);
-    assert( c==i );
-    assert( (z-zBuf)==n );
-  }
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_TEST */
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-
-/************** End of utf.c *************************************************/
-/************** Begin file util.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** Utility functions used throughout sqlite.
-**
-** This file contains functions for allocating memory, comparing
-** strings, and stuff like that.
-**
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
-# include <math.h>
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Routine needed to support the testcase() macro.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Coverage(int x){
-  static int dummy = 0;
-  dummy += x;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-/*
-** Return true if the floating point value is Not a Number (NaN).
-**
-** Use the math library isnan() function if compiled with SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN.
-** Otherwise, we have our own implementation that works on most systems.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsNaN(double x){
-  int rc;   /* The value return */
-#if !defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN)
-  /*
-  ** Systems that support the isnan() library function should probably
-  ** make use of it by compiling with -DSQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN.  But we have
-  ** found that many systems do not have a working isnan() function so
-  ** this implementation is provided as an alternative.
-  **
-  ** This NaN test sometimes fails if compiled on GCC with -ffast-math.
-  ** On the other hand, the use of -ffast-math comes with the following
-  ** warning:
-  **
-  **      This option [-ffast-math] should never be turned on by any
-  **      -O option since it can result in incorrect output for programs
-  **      which depend on an exact implementation of IEEE or ISO 
-  **      rules/specifications for math functions.
-  **
-  ** Under MSVC, this NaN test may fail if compiled with a floating-
-  ** point precision mode other than /fp:precise.  From the MSDN 
-  ** documentation:
-  **
-  **      The compiler [with /fp:precise] will properly handle comparisons 
-  **      involving NaN. For example, x != x evaluates to true if x is NaN 
-  **      ...
-  */
-#ifdef __FAST_MATH__
-# error SQLite will not work correctly with the -ffast-math option of GCC.
-#endif
-  volatile double y = x;
-  volatile double z = y;
-  rc = (y!=z);
-#else  /* if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN) */
-  rc = isnan(x);
-#endif /* SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN */
-  testcase( rc );
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */
-
-/*
-** Compute a string length that is limited to what can be stored in
-** lower 30 bits of a 32-bit signed integer.
-**
-** The value returned will never be negative.  Nor will it ever be greater
-** than the actual length of the string.  For very long strings (greater
-** than 1GiB) the value returned might be less than the true string length.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Strlen30(const char *z){
-  const char *z2 = z;
-  if( z==0 ) return 0;
-  while( *z2 ){ z2++; }
-  return 0x3fffffff & (int)(z2 - z);
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the most recent error code and error string for the sqlite
-** handle "db". The error code is set to "err_code".
-**
-** If it is not NULL, string zFormat specifies the format of the
-** error string in the style of the printf functions: The following
-** format characters are allowed:
-**
-**      %s      Insert a string
-**      %z      A string that should be freed after use
-**      %d      Insert an integer
-**      %T      Insert a token
-**      %S      Insert the first element of a SrcList
-**
-** zFormat and any string tokens that follow it are assumed to be
-** encoded in UTF-8.
-**
-** To clear the most recent error for sqlite handle "db", sqlite3Error
-** should be called with err_code set to SQLITE_OK and zFormat set
-** to NULL.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Error(sqlite3 *db, int err_code, const char *zFormat, ...){
-  if( db && (db->pErr || (db->pErr = sqlite3ValueNew(db))!=0) ){
-    db->errCode = err_code;
-    if( zFormat ){
-      char *z;
-      va_list ap;
-      va_start(ap, zFormat);
-      z = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
-      va_end(ap);
-      sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr, -1, z, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr, 0, 0, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Add an error message to pParse->zErrMsg and increment pParse->nErr.
-** The following formatting characters are allowed:
-**
-**      %s      Insert a string
-**      %z      A string that should be freed after use
-**      %d      Insert an integer
-**      %T      Insert a token
-**      %S      Insert the first element of a SrcList
-**
-** This function should be used to report any error that occurs whilst
-** compiling an SQL statement (i.e. within sqlite3_prepare()). The
-** last thing the sqlite3_prepare() function does is copy the error
-** stored by this function into the database handle using sqlite3Error().
-** Function sqlite3Error() should be used during statement execution
-** (sqlite3_step() etc.).
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
-  char *zMsg;
-  va_list ap;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  va_start(ap, zFormat);
-  zMsg = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  if( db->suppressErr ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zMsg);
-  }else{
-    pParse->nErr++;
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->zErrMsg);
-    pParse->zErrMsg = zMsg;
-    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert an SQL-style quoted string into a normal string by removing
-** the quote characters.  The conversion is done in-place.  If the
-** input does not begin with a quote character, then this routine
-** is a no-op.
-**
-** The input string must be zero-terminated.  A new zero-terminator
-** is added to the dequoted string.
-**
-** The return value is -1 if no dequoting occurs or the length of the
-** dequoted string, exclusive of the zero terminator, if dequoting does
-** occur.
-**
-** 2002-Feb-14: This routine is extended to remove MS-Access style
-** brackets from around identifers.  For example:  "[a-b-c]" becomes
-** "a-b-c".
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Dequote(char *z){
-  char quote;
-  int i, j;
-  if( z==0 ) return -1;
-  quote = z[0];
-  switch( quote ){
-    case '\'':  break;
-    case '"':   break;
-    case '`':   break;                /* For MySQL compatibility */
-    case '[':   quote = ']';  break;  /* For MS SqlServer compatibility */
-    default:    return -1;
-  }
-  for(i=1, j=0; ALWAYS(z[i]); i++){
-    if( z[i]==quote ){
-      if( z[i+1]==quote ){
-        z[j++] = quote;
-        i++;
-      }else{
-        break;
-      }
-    }else{
-      z[j++] = z[i];
-    }
-  }
-  z[j] = 0;
-  return j;
-}
-
-/* Convenient short-hand */
-#define UpperToLower sqlite3UpperToLower
-
-/*
-** Some systems have stricmp().  Others have strcasecmp().  Because
-** there is no consistency, we will define our own.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StrICmp(const char *zLeft, const char *zRight){
-  register unsigned char *a, *b;
-  a = (unsigned char *)zLeft;
-  b = (unsigned char *)zRight;
-  while( *a!=0 && UpperToLower[*a]==UpperToLower[*b]){ a++; b++; }
-  return UpperToLower[*a] - UpperToLower[*b];
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *zLeft, const char *zRight, int N){
-  register unsigned char *a, *b;
-  a = (unsigned char *)zLeft;
-  b = (unsigned char *)zRight;
-  while( N-- > 0 && *a!=0 && UpperToLower[*a]==UpperToLower[*b]){ a++; b++; }
-  return N<0 ? 0 : UpperToLower[*a] - UpperToLower[*b];
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if z is a pure numeric string.  Return FALSE and leave
-** *realnum unchanged if the string contains any character which is not
-** part of a number.
-**
-** If the string is pure numeric, set *realnum to TRUE if the string
-** contains the '.' character or an "E+000" style exponentiation suffix.
-** Otherwise set *realnum to FALSE.  Note that just becaue *realnum is
-** false does not mean that the number can be successfully converted into
-** an integer - it might be too big.
-**
-** An empty string is considered non-numeric.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsNumber(const char *z, int *realnum, u8 enc){
-  int incr = (enc==SQLITE_UTF8?1:2);
-  if( enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE ) z++;
-  if( *z=='-' || *z=='+' ) z += incr;
-  if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  z += incr;
-  *realnum = 0;
-  while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  if( *z=='.' ){
-    z += incr;
-    if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ) return 0;
-    while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
-    *realnum = 1;
-  }
-  if( *z=='e' || *z=='E' ){
-    z += incr;
-    if( *z=='+' || *z=='-' ) z += incr;
-    if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ) return 0;
-    while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
-    *realnum = 1;
-  }
-#endif
-  return *z==0;
-}
-
-/*
-** The string z[] is an ASCII representation of a real number.
-** Convert this string to a double.
-**
-** This routine assumes that z[] really is a valid number.  If it
-** is not, the result is undefined.
-**
-** This routine is used instead of the library atof() function because
-** the library atof() might want to use "," as the decimal point instead
-** of "." depending on how locale is set.  But that would cause problems
-** for SQL.  So this routine always uses "." regardless of locale.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double *pResult){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  const char *zBegin = z;
-  /* sign * significand * (10 ^ (esign * exponent)) */
-  int sign = 1;   /* sign of significand */
-  i64 s = 0;      /* significand */
-  int d = 0;      /* adjust exponent for shifting decimal point */
-  int esign = 1;  /* sign of exponent */
-  int e = 0;      /* exponent */
-  double result;
-  int nDigits = 0;
-
-  /* skip leading spaces */
-  while( sqlite3Isspace(*z) ) z++;
-  /* get sign of significand */
-  if( *z=='-' ){
-    sign = -1;
-    z++;
-  }else if( *z=='+' ){
-    z++;
-  }
-  /* skip leading zeroes */
-  while( z[0]=='0' ) z++, nDigits++;
-
-  /* copy max significant digits to significand */
-  while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) && s<((LARGEST_INT64-9)/10) ){
-    s = s*10 + (*z - '0');
-    z++, nDigits++;
-  }
-  /* skip non-significant significand digits
-  ** (increase exponent by d to shift decimal left) */
-  while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ) z++, nDigits++, d++;
-
-  /* if decimal point is present */
-  if( *z=='.' ){
-    z++;
-    /* copy digits from after decimal to significand
-    ** (decrease exponent by d to shift decimal right) */
-    while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) && s<((LARGEST_INT64-9)/10) ){
-      s = s*10 + (*z - '0');
-      z++, nDigits++, d--;
-    }
-    /* skip non-significant digits */
-    while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ) z++, nDigits++;
-  }
-
-  /* if exponent is present */
-  if( *z=='e' || *z=='E' ){
-    z++;
-    /* get sign of exponent */
-    if( *z=='-' ){
-      esign = -1;
-      z++;
-    }else if( *z=='+' ){
-      z++;
-    }
-    /* copy digits to exponent */
-    while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){
-      e = e*10 + (*z - '0');
-      z++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* adjust exponent by d, and update sign */
-  e = (e*esign) + d;
-  if( e<0 ) {
-    esign = -1;
-    e *= -1;
-  } else {
-    esign = 1;
-  }
-
-  /* if 0 significand */
-  if( !s ) {
-    /* In the IEEE 754 standard, zero is signed.
-    ** Add the sign if we've seen at least one digit */
-    result = (sign<0 && nDigits) ? -(double)0 : (double)0;
-  } else {
-    /* attempt to reduce exponent */
-    if( esign>0 ){
-      while( s<(LARGEST_INT64/10) && e>0 ) e--,s*=10;
-    }else{
-      while( !(s%10) && e>0 ) e--,s/=10;
-    }
-
-    /* adjust the sign of significand */
-    s = sign<0 ? -s : s;
-
-    /* if exponent, scale significand as appropriate
-    ** and store in result. */
-    if( e ){
-      double scale = 1.0;
-      /* attempt to handle extremely small/large numbers better */
-      if( e>307 && e<342 ){
-        while( e%308 ) { scale *= 1.0e+1; e -= 1; }
-        if( esign<0 ){
-          result = s / scale;
-          result /= 1.0e+308;
-        }else{
-          result = s * scale;
-          result *= 1.0e+308;
-        }
-      }else{
-        /* 1.0e+22 is the largest power of 10 than can be 
-        ** represented exactly. */
-        while( e%22 ) { scale *= 1.0e+1; e -= 1; }
-        while( e>0 ) { scale *= 1.0e+22; e -= 22; }
-        if( esign<0 ){
-          result = s / scale;
-        }else{
-          result = s * scale;
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      result = (double)s;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* store the result */
-  *pResult = result;
-
-  /* return number of characters used */
-  return (int)(z - zBegin);
-#else
-  return sqlite3Atoi64(z, pResult);
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */
-}
-
-/*
-** Compare the 19-character string zNum against the text representation
-** value 2^63:  9223372036854775808.  Return negative, zero, or positive
-** if zNum is less than, equal to, or greater than the string.
-**
-** Unlike memcmp() this routine is guaranteed to return the difference
-** in the values of the last digit if the only difference is in the
-** last digit.  So, for example,
-**
-**      compare2pow63("9223372036854775800")
-**
-** will return -8.
-*/
-static int compare2pow63(const char *zNum){
-  int c;
-  c = memcmp(zNum,"922337203685477580",18)*10;
-  if( c==0 ){
-    c = zNum[18] - '8';
-    testcase( c==(-1) );
-    testcase( c==0 );
-    testcase( c==(+1) );
-  }
-  return c;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if zNum is a 64-bit signed integer and write
-** the value of the integer into *pNum.  If zNum is not an integer
-** or is an integer that is too large to be expressed with 64 bits,
-** then return false.
-**
-** When this routine was originally written it dealt with only
-** 32-bit numbers.  At that time, it was much faster than the
-** atoi() library routine in RedHat 7.2.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi64(const char *zNum, i64 *pNum){
-  i64 v = 0;
-  int neg;
-  int i, c;
-  const char *zStart;
-  while( sqlite3Isspace(*zNum) ) zNum++;
-  if( *zNum=='-' ){
-    neg = 1;
-    zNum++;
-  }else if( *zNum=='+' ){
-    neg = 0;
-    zNum++;
-  }else{
-    neg = 0;
-  }
-  zStart = zNum;
-  while( zNum[0]=='0' ){ zNum++; } /* Skip over leading zeros. Ticket #2454 */
-  for(i=0; (c=zNum[i])>='0' && c<='9'; i++){
-    v = v*10 + c - '0';
-  }
-  *pNum = neg ? -v : v;
-  testcase( i==18 );
-  testcase( i==19 );
-  testcase( i==20 );
-  if( c!=0 || (i==0 && zStart==zNum) || i>19 ){
-    /* zNum is empty or contains non-numeric text or is longer
-    ** than 19 digits (thus guaranting that it is too large) */
-    return 0;
-  }else if( i<19 ){
-    /* Less than 19 digits, so we know that it fits in 64 bits */
-    return 1;
-  }else{
-    /* 19-digit numbers must be no larger than 9223372036854775807 if positive
-    ** or 9223372036854775808 if negative.  Note that 9223372036854665808
-    ** is 2^63. */
-    return compare2pow63(zNum)<neg;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The string zNum represents an unsigned integer.  The zNum string
-** consists of one or more digit characters and is terminated by
-** a zero character.  Any stray characters in zNum result in undefined
-** behavior.
-**
-** If the unsigned integer that zNum represents will fit in a
-** 64-bit signed integer, return TRUE.  Otherwise return FALSE.
-**
-** If the negFlag parameter is true, that means that zNum really represents
-** a negative number.  (The leading "-" is omitted from zNum.)  This
-** parameter is needed to determine a boundary case.  A string
-** of "9223373036854775808" returns false if negFlag is false or true
-** if negFlag is true.
-**
-** Leading zeros are ignored.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FitsIn64Bits(const char *zNum, int negFlag){
-  int i;
-  int neg = 0;
-
-  assert( zNum[0]>='0' && zNum[0]<='9' ); /* zNum is an unsigned number */
-
-  if( negFlag ) neg = 1-neg;
-  while( *zNum=='0' ){
-    zNum++;   /* Skip leading zeros.  Ticket #2454 */
-  }
-  for(i=0; zNum[i]; i++){ assert( zNum[i]>='0' && zNum[i]<='9' ); }
-  testcase( i==18 );
-  testcase( i==19 );
-  testcase( i==20 );
-  if( i<19 ){
-    /* Guaranteed to fit if less than 19 digits */
-    return 1;
-  }else if( i>19 ){
-    /* Guaranteed to be too big if greater than 19 digits */
-    return 0;
-  }else{
-    /* Compare against 2^63. */
-    return compare2pow63(zNum)<neg;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** If zNum represents an integer that will fit in 32-bits, then set
-** *pValue to that integer and return true.  Otherwise return false.
-**
-** Any non-numeric characters that following zNum are ignored.
-** This is different from sqlite3Atoi64() which requires the
-** input number to be zero-terminated.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *zNum, int *pValue){
-  sqlite_int64 v = 0;
-  int i, c;
-  int neg = 0;
-  if( zNum[0]=='-' ){
-    neg = 1;
-    zNum++;
-  }else if( zNum[0]=='+' ){
-    zNum++;
-  }
-  while( zNum[0]=='0' ) zNum++;
-  for(i=0; i<11 && (c = zNum[i] - '0')>=0 && c<=9; i++){
-    v = v*10 + c;
-  }
-
-  /* The longest decimal representation of a 32 bit integer is 10 digits:
-  **
-  **             1234567890
-  **     2^31 -> 2147483648
-  */
-  testcase( i==10 );
-  if( i>10 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  testcase( v-neg==2147483647 );
-  if( v-neg>2147483647 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( neg ){
-    v = -v;
-  }
-  *pValue = (int)v;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** The variable-length integer encoding is as follows:
-**
-** KEY:
-**         A = 0xxxxxxx    7 bits of data and one flag bit
-**         B = 1xxxxxxx    7 bits of data and one flag bit
-**         C = xxxxxxxx    8 bits of data
-**
-**  7 bits - A
-** 14 bits - BA
-** 21 bits - BBA
-** 28 bits - BBBA
-** 35 bits - BBBBA
-** 42 bits - BBBBBA
-** 49 bits - BBBBBBA
-** 56 bits - BBBBBBBA
-** 64 bits - BBBBBBBBC
-*/
-
-/*
-** Write a 64-bit variable-length integer to memory starting at p[0].
-** The length of data write will be between 1 and 9 bytes.  The number
-** of bytes written is returned.
-**
-** A variable-length integer consists of the lower 7 bits of each byte
-** for all bytes that have the 8th bit set and one byte with the 8th
-** bit clear.  Except, if we get to the 9th byte, it stores the full
-** 8 bits and is the last byte.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char *p, u64 v){
-  int i, j, n;
-  u8 buf[10];
-  if( v & (((u64)0xff000000)<<32) ){
-    p[8] = (u8)v;
-    v >>= 8;
-    for(i=7; i>=0; i--){
-      p[i] = (u8)((v & 0x7f) | 0x80);
-      v >>= 7;
-    }
-    return 9;
-  }    
-  n = 0;
-  do{
-    buf[n++] = (u8)((v & 0x7f) | 0x80);
-    v >>= 7;
-  }while( v!=0 );
-  buf[0] &= 0x7f;
-  assert( n<=9 );
-  for(i=0, j=n-1; j>=0; j--, i++){
-    p[i] = buf[j];
-  }
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is a faster version of sqlite3PutVarint() that only
-** works for 32-bit positive integers and which is optimized for
-** the common case of small integers.  A MACRO version, putVarint32,
-** is provided which inlines the single-byte case.  All code should use
-** the MACRO version as this function assumes the single-byte case has
-** already been handled.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PutVarint32(unsigned char *p, u32 v){
-#ifndef putVarint32
-  if( (v & ~0x7f)==0 ){
-    p[0] = v;
-    return 1;
-  }
-#endif
-  if( (v & ~0x3fff)==0 ){
-    p[0] = (u8)((v>>7) | 0x80);
-    p[1] = (u8)(v & 0x7f);
-    return 2;
-  }
-  return sqlite3PutVarint(p, v);
-}
-
-/*
-** Bitmasks used by sqlite3GetVarint().  These precomputed constants
-** are defined here rather than simply putting the constant expressions
-** inline in order to work around bugs in the RVT compiler.
-**
-** SLOT_2_0     A mask for  (0x7f<<14) | 0x7f
-**
-** SLOT_4_2_0   A mask for  (0x7f<<28) | SLOT_2_0
-*/
-#define SLOT_2_0     0x001fc07f
-#define SLOT_4_2_0   0xf01fc07f
-
-
-/*
-** Read a 64-bit variable-length integer from memory starting at p[0].
-** Return the number of bytes read.  The value is stored in *v.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *p, u64 *v){
-  u32 a,b,s;
-
-  a = *p;
-  /* a: p0 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(a&0x80))
-  {
-    *v = a;
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  p++;
-  b = *p;
-  /* b: p1 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(b&0x80))
-  {
-    a &= 0x7f;
-    a = a<<7;
-    a |= b;
-    *v = a;
-    return 2;
-  }
-
-  /* Verify that constants are precomputed correctly */
-  assert( SLOT_2_0 == ((0x7f<<14) | (0x7f)) );
-  assert( SLOT_4_2_0 == ((0xfU<<28) | (0x7f<<14) | (0x7f)) );
-
-  p++;
-  a = a<<14;
-  a |= *p;
-  /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(a&0x80))
-  {
-    a &= SLOT_2_0;
-    b &= 0x7f;
-    b = b<<7;
-    a |= b;
-    *v = a;
-    return 3;
-  }
-
-  /* CSE1 from below */
-  a &= SLOT_2_0;
-  p++;
-  b = b<<14;
-  b |= *p;
-  /* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(b&0x80))
-  {
-    b &= SLOT_2_0;
-    /* moved CSE1 up */
-    /* a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
-    a = a<<7;
-    a |= b;
-    *v = a;
-    return 4;
-  }
-
-  /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (masked) */
-  /* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
-  /* 1:save off p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked) */
-  /* moved CSE1 up */
-  /* a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
-  b &= SLOT_2_0;
-  s = a;
-  /* s: p0<<14 | p2 (masked) */
-
-  p++;
-  a = a<<14;
-  a |= *p;
-  /* a: p0<<28 | p2<<14 | p4 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(a&0x80))
-  {
-    /* we can skip these cause they were (effectively) done above in calc'ing s */
-    /* a &= (0x7f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
-    /* b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
-    b = b<<7;
-    a |= b;
-    s = s>>18;
-    *v = ((u64)s)<<32 | a;
-    return 5;
-  }
-
-  /* 2:save off p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked) */
-  s = s<<7;
-  s |= b;
-  /* s: p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked) */
-
-  p++;
-  b = b<<14;
-  b |= *p;
-  /* b: p1<<28 | p3<<14 | p5 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(b&0x80))
-  {
-    /* we can skip this cause it was (effectively) done above in calc'ing s */
-    /* b &= (0x7f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
-    a &= SLOT_2_0;
-    a = a<<7;
-    a |= b;
-    s = s>>18;
-    *v = ((u64)s)<<32 | a;
-    return 6;
-  }
-
-  p++;
-  a = a<<14;
-  a |= *p;
-  /* a: p2<<28 | p4<<14 | p6 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(a&0x80))
-  {
-    a &= SLOT_4_2_0;
-    b &= SLOT_2_0;
-    b = b<<7;
-    a |= b;
-    s = s>>11;
-    *v = ((u64)s)<<32 | a;
-    return 7;
-  }
-
-  /* CSE2 from below */
-  a &= SLOT_2_0;
-  p++;
-  b = b<<14;
-  b |= *p;
-  /* b: p3<<28 | p5<<14 | p7 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(b&0x80))
-  {
-    b &= SLOT_4_2_0;
-    /* moved CSE2 up */
-    /* a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
-    a = a<<7;
-    a |= b;
-    s = s>>4;
-    *v = ((u64)s)<<32 | a;
-    return 8;
-  }
-
-  p++;
-  a = a<<15;
-  a |= *p;
-  /* a: p4<<29 | p6<<15 | p8 (unmasked) */
-
-  /* moved CSE2 up */
-  /* a &= (0x7f<<29)|(0x7f<<15)|(0xff); */
-  b &= SLOT_2_0;
-  b = b<<8;
-  a |= b;
-
-  s = s<<4;
-  b = p[-4];
-  b &= 0x7f;
-  b = b>>3;
-  s |= b;
-
-  *v = ((u64)s)<<32 | a;
-
-  return 9;
-}
-
-/*
-** Read a 32-bit variable-length integer from memory starting at p[0].
-** Return the number of bytes read.  The value is stored in *v.
-**
-** If the varint stored in p[0] is larger than can fit in a 32-bit unsigned
-** integer, then set *v to 0xffffffff.
-**
-** A MACRO version, getVarint32, is provided which inlines the 
-** single-byte case.  All code should use the MACRO version as 
-** this function assumes the single-byte case has already been handled.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *p, u32 *v){
-  u32 a,b;
-
-  /* The 1-byte case.  Overwhelmingly the most common.  Handled inline
-  ** by the getVarin32() macro */
-  a = *p;
-  /* a: p0 (unmasked) */
-#ifndef getVarint32
-  if (!(a&0x80))
-  {
-    /* Values between 0 and 127 */
-    *v = a;
-    return 1;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* The 2-byte case */
-  p++;
-  b = *p;
-  /* b: p1 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(b&0x80))
-  {
-    /* Values between 128 and 16383 */
-    a &= 0x7f;
-    a = a<<7;
-    *v = a | b;
-    return 2;
-  }
-
-  /* The 3-byte case */
-  p++;
-  a = a<<14;
-  a |= *p;
-  /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(a&0x80))
-  {
-    /* Values between 16384 and 2097151 */
-    a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
-    b &= 0x7f;
-    b = b<<7;
-    *v = a | b;
-    return 3;
-  }
-
-  /* A 32-bit varint is used to store size information in btrees.
-  ** Objects are rarely larger than 2MiB limit of a 3-byte varint.
-  ** A 3-byte varint is sufficient, for example, to record the size
-  ** of a 1048569-byte BLOB or string.
-  **
-  ** We only unroll the first 1-, 2-, and 3- byte cases.  The very
-  ** rare larger cases can be handled by the slower 64-bit varint
-  ** routine.
-  */
-#if 1
-  {
-    u64 v64;
-    u8 n;
-
-    p -= 2;
-    n = sqlite3GetVarint(p, &v64);
-    assert( n>3 && n<=9 );
-    if( (v64 & SQLITE_MAX_U32)!=v64 ){
-      *v = 0xffffffff;
-    }else{
-      *v = (u32)v64;
-    }
-    return n;
-  }
-
-#else
-  /* For following code (kept for historical record only) shows an
-  ** unrolling for the 3- and 4-byte varint cases.  This code is
-  ** slightly faster, but it is also larger and much harder to test.
-  */
-  p++;
-  b = b<<14;
-  b |= *p;
-  /* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(b&0x80))
-  {
-    /* Values between 2097152 and 268435455 */
-    b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
-    a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
-    a = a<<7;
-    *v = a | b;
-    return 4;
-  }
-
-  p++;
-  a = a<<14;
-  a |= *p;
-  /* a: p0<<28 | p2<<14 | p4 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(a&0x80))
-  {
-    /* Values  between 268435456 and 34359738367 */
-    a &= SLOT_4_2_0;
-    b &= SLOT_4_2_0;
-    b = b<<7;
-    *v = a | b;
-    return 5;
-  }
-
-  /* We can only reach this point when reading a corrupt database
-  ** file.  In that case we are not in any hurry.  Use the (relatively
-  ** slow) general-purpose sqlite3GetVarint() routine to extract the
-  ** value. */
-  {
-    u64 v64;
-    u8 n;
-
-    p -= 4;
-    n = sqlite3GetVarint(p, &v64);
-    assert( n>5 && n<=9 );
-    *v = (u32)v64;
-    return n;
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of bytes that will be needed to store the given
-** 64-bit integer.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v){
-  int i = 0;
-  do{
-    i++;
-    v >>= 7;
-  }while( v!=0 && ALWAYS(i<9) );
-  return i;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Read or write a four-byte big-endian integer value.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8 *p){
-  return (p[0]<<24) | (p[1]<<16) | (p[2]<<8) | p[3];
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Put4byte(unsigned char *p, u32 v){
-  p[0] = (u8)(v>>24);
-  p[1] = (u8)(v>>16);
-  p[2] = (u8)(v>>8);
-  p[3] = (u8)v;
-}
-
-
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL) || defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
-/*
-** Translate a single byte of Hex into an integer.
-** This routine only works if h really is a valid hexadecimal
-** character:  0..9a..fA..F
-*/
-static u8 hexToInt(int h){
-  assert( (h>='0' && h<='9') ||  (h>='a' && h<='f') ||  (h>='A' && h<='F') );
-#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
-  h += 9*(1&(h>>6));
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
-  h += 9*(1&~(h>>4));
-#endif
-  return (u8)(h & 0xf);
-}
-#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL || SQLITE_HAS_CODEC */
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL) || defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
-/*
-** Convert a BLOB literal of the form "x'hhhhhh'" into its binary
-** value.  Return a pointer to its binary value.  Space to hold the
-** binary value has been obtained from malloc and must be freed by
-** the calling routine.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3 *db, const char *z, int n){
-  char *zBlob;
-  int i;
-
-  zBlob = (char *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, n/2 + 1);
-  n--;
-  if( zBlob ){
-    for(i=0; i<n; i+=2){
-      zBlob[i/2] = (hexToInt(z[i])<<4) | hexToInt(z[i+1]);
-    }
-    zBlob[i/2] = 0;
-  }
-  return zBlob;
-}
-#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL || SQLITE_HAS_CODEC */
-
-/*
-** Log an error that is an API call on a connection pointer that should
-** not have been used.  The "type" of connection pointer is given as the
-** argument.  The zType is a word like "NULL" or "closed" or "invalid".
-*/
-static void logBadConnection(const char *zType){
-  sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, 
-     "API call with %s database connection pointer",
-     zType
-  );
-}
-
-/*
-** Check to make sure we have a valid db pointer.  This test is not
-** foolproof but it does provide some measure of protection against
-** misuse of the interface such as passing in db pointers that are
-** NULL or which have been previously closed.  If this routine returns
-** 1 it means that the db pointer is valid and 0 if it should not be
-** dereferenced for any reason.  The calling function should invoke
-** SQLITE_MISUSE immediately.
-**
-** sqlite3SafetyCheckOk() requires that the db pointer be valid for
-** use.  sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk() allows a db pointer that failed to
-** open properly and is not fit for general use but which can be
-** used as an argument to sqlite3_errmsg() or sqlite3_close().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3 *db){
-  u32 magic;
-  if( db==0 ){
-    logBadConnection("NULL");
-    return 0;
-  }
-  magic = db->magic;
-  if( magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN ){
-    if( sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
-      testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-      logBadConnection("unopened");
-    }
-    return 0;
-  }else{
-    return 1;
-  }
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3 *db){
-  u32 magic;
-  magic = db->magic;
-  if( magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK &&
-      magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN &&
-      magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY ){
-    testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-    logBadConnection("invalid");
-    return 0;
-  }else{
-    return 1;
-  }
-}
-
-/************** End of util.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file hash.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This is the implementation of generic hash-tables
-** used in SQLite.
-*/
-
-/* Turn bulk memory into a hash table object by initializing the
-** fields of the Hash structure.
-**
-** "pNew" is a pointer to the hash table that is to be initialized.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3HashInit(Hash *pNew){
-  assert( pNew!=0 );
-  pNew->first = 0;
-  pNew->count = 0;
-  pNew->htsize = 0;
-  pNew->ht = 0;
-}
-
-/* Remove all entries from a hash table.  Reclaim all memory.
-** Call this routine to delete a hash table or to reset a hash table
-** to the empty state.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3HashClear(Hash *pH){
-  HashElem *elem;         /* For looping over all elements of the table */
-
-  assert( pH!=0 );
-  elem = pH->first;
-  pH->first = 0;
-  sqlite3_free(pH->ht);
-  pH->ht = 0;
-  pH->htsize = 0;
-  while( elem ){
-    HashElem *next_elem = elem->next;
-    sqlite3_free(elem);
-    elem = next_elem;
-  }
-  pH->count = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** The hashing function.
-*/
-static unsigned int strHash(const char *z, int nKey){
-  int h = 0;
-  assert( nKey>=0 );
-  while( nKey > 0  ){
-    h = (h<<3) ^ h ^ sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)*z++];
-    nKey--;
-  }
-  return h;
-}
-
-
-/* Link pNew element into the hash table pH.  If pEntry!=0 then also
-** insert pNew into the pEntry hash bucket.
-*/
-static void insertElement(
-  Hash *pH,              /* The complete hash table */
-  struct _ht *pEntry,    /* The entry into which pNew is inserted */
-  HashElem *pNew         /* The element to be inserted */
-){
-  HashElem *pHead;       /* First element already in pEntry */
-  if( pEntry ){
-    pHead = pEntry->count ? pEntry->chain : 0;
-    pEntry->count++;
-    pEntry->chain = pNew;
-  }else{
-    pHead = 0;
-  }
-  if( pHead ){
-    pNew->next = pHead;
-    pNew->prev = pHead->prev;
-    if( pHead->prev ){ pHead->prev->next = pNew; }
-    else             { pH->first = pNew; }
-    pHead->prev = pNew;
-  }else{
-    pNew->next = pH->first;
-    if( pH->first ){ pH->first->prev = pNew; }
-    pNew->prev = 0;
-    pH->first = pNew;
-  }
-}
-
-
-/* Resize the hash table so that it cantains "new_size" buckets.
-**
-** The hash table might fail to resize if sqlite3_malloc() fails or
-** if the new size is the same as the prior size.
-** Return TRUE if the resize occurs and false if not.
-*/
-static int rehash(Hash *pH, unsigned int new_size){
-  struct _ht *new_ht;            /* The new hash table */
-  HashElem *elem, *next_elem;    /* For looping over existing elements */
-
-#if SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT>0
-  if( new_size*sizeof(struct _ht)>SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT ){
-    new_size = SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT/sizeof(struct _ht);
-  }
-  if( new_size==pH->htsize ) return 0;
-#endif
-
-  /* The inability to allocates space for a larger hash table is
-  ** a performance hit but it is not a fatal error.  So mark the
-  ** allocation as a benign.
-  */
-  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-  new_ht = (struct _ht *)sqlite3Malloc( new_size*sizeof(struct _ht) );
-  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-
-  if( new_ht==0 ) return 0;
-  sqlite3_free(pH->ht);
-  pH->ht = new_ht;
-  pH->htsize = new_size = sqlite3MallocSize(new_ht)/sizeof(struct _ht);
-  memset(new_ht, 0, new_size*sizeof(struct _ht));
-  for(elem=pH->first, pH->first=0; elem; elem = next_elem){
-    unsigned int h = strHash(elem->pKey, elem->nKey) % new_size;
-    next_elem = elem->next;
-    insertElement(pH, &new_ht[h], elem);
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/* This function (for internal use only) locates an element in an
-** hash table that matches the given key.  The hash for this key has
-** already been computed and is passed as the 4th parameter.
-*/
-static HashElem *findElementGivenHash(
-  const Hash *pH,     /* The pH to be searched */
-  const char *pKey,   /* The key we are searching for */
-  int nKey,           /* Bytes in key (not counting zero terminator) */
-  unsigned int h      /* The hash for this key. */
-){
-  HashElem *elem;                /* Used to loop thru the element list */
-  int count;                     /* Number of elements left to test */
-
-  if( pH->ht ){
-    struct _ht *pEntry = &pH->ht[h];
-    elem = pEntry->chain;
-    count = pEntry->count;
-  }else{
-    elem = pH->first;
-    count = pH->count;
-  }
-  while( count-- && ALWAYS(elem) ){
-    if( elem->nKey==nKey && sqlite3StrNICmp(elem->pKey,pKey,nKey)==0 ){ 
-      return elem;
-    }
-    elem = elem->next;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/* Remove a single entry from the hash table given a pointer to that
-** element and a hash on the element's key.
-*/
-static void removeElementGivenHash(
-  Hash *pH,         /* The pH containing "elem" */
-  HashElem* elem,   /* The element to be removed from the pH */
-  unsigned int h    /* Hash value for the element */
-){
-  struct _ht *pEntry;
-  if( elem->prev ){
-    elem->prev->next = elem->next; 
-  }else{
-    pH->first = elem->next;
-  }
-  if( elem->next ){
-    elem->next->prev = elem->prev;
-  }
-  if( pH->ht ){
-    pEntry = &pH->ht[h];
-    if( pEntry->chain==elem ){
-      pEntry->chain = elem->next;
-    }
-    pEntry->count--;
-    assert( pEntry->count>=0 );
-  }
-  sqlite3_free( elem );
-  pH->count--;
-  if( pH->count<=0 ){
-    assert( pH->first==0 );
-    assert( pH->count==0 );
-    sqlite3HashClear(pH);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Attempt to locate an element of the hash table pH with a key
-** that matches pKey,nKey.  Return the data for this element if it is
-** found, or NULL if there is no match.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HashFind(const Hash *pH, const char *pKey, int nKey){
-  HashElem *elem;    /* The element that matches key */
-  unsigned int h;    /* A hash on key */
-
-  assert( pH!=0 );
-  assert( pKey!=0 );
-  assert( nKey>=0 );
-  if( pH->ht ){
-    h = strHash(pKey, nKey) % pH->htsize;
-  }else{
-    h = 0;
-  }
-  elem = findElementGivenHash(pH, pKey, nKey, h);
-  return elem ? elem->data : 0;
-}
-
-/* Insert an element into the hash table pH.  The key is pKey,nKey
-** and the data is "data".
-**
-** If no element exists with a matching key, then a new
-** element is created and NULL is returned.
-**
-** If another element already exists with the same key, then the
-** new data replaces the old data and the old data is returned.
-** The key is not copied in this instance.  If a malloc fails, then
-** the new data is returned and the hash table is unchanged.
-**
-** If the "data" parameter to this function is NULL, then the
-** element corresponding to "key" is removed from the hash table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HashInsert(Hash *pH, const char *pKey, int nKey, void *data){
-  unsigned int h;       /* the hash of the key modulo hash table size */
-  HashElem *elem;       /* Used to loop thru the element list */
-  HashElem *new_elem;   /* New element added to the pH */
-
-  assert( pH!=0 );
-  assert( pKey!=0 );
-  assert( nKey>=0 );
-  if( pH->htsize ){
-    h = strHash(pKey, nKey) % pH->htsize;
-  }else{
-    h = 0;
-  }
-  elem = findElementGivenHash(pH,pKey,nKey,h);
-  if( elem ){
-    void *old_data = elem->data;
-    if( data==0 ){
-      removeElementGivenHash(pH,elem,h);
-    }else{
-      elem->data = data;
-      elem->pKey = pKey;
-      assert(nKey==elem->nKey);
-    }
-    return old_data;
-  }
-  if( data==0 ) return 0;
-  new_elem = (HashElem*)sqlite3Malloc( sizeof(HashElem) );
-  if( new_elem==0 ) return data;
-  new_elem->pKey = pKey;
-  new_elem->nKey = nKey;
-  new_elem->data = data;
-  pH->count++;
-  if( pH->count>=10 && pH->count > 2*pH->htsize ){
-    if( rehash(pH, pH->count*2) ){
-      assert( pH->htsize>0 );
-      h = strHash(pKey, nKey) % pH->htsize;
-    }
-  }
-  if( pH->ht ){
-    insertElement(pH, &pH->ht[h], new_elem);
-  }else{
-    insertElement(pH, 0, new_elem);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/************** End of hash.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file opcodes.c *****************************************/
-/* Automatically generated.  Do not edit */
-/* See the mkopcodec.awk script for details. */
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN) || !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int i){
- static const char *const azName[] = { "?",
-     /*   1 */ "Goto",
-     /*   2 */ "Gosub",
-     /*   3 */ "Return",
-     /*   4 */ "Yield",
-     /*   5 */ "HaltIfNull",
-     /*   6 */ "Halt",
-     /*   7 */ "Integer",
-     /*   8 */ "Int64",
-     /*   9 */ "String",
-     /*  10 */ "Null",
-     /*  11 */ "Blob",
-     /*  12 */ "Variable",
-     /*  13 */ "Move",
-     /*  14 */ "Copy",
-     /*  15 */ "SCopy",
-     /*  16 */ "ResultRow",
-     /*  17 */ "CollSeq",
-     /*  18 */ "Function",
-     /*  19 */ "Not",
-     /*  20 */ "AddImm",
-     /*  21 */ "MustBeInt",
-     /*  22 */ "RealAffinity",
-     /*  23 */ "Permutation",
-     /*  24 */ "Compare",
-     /*  25 */ "Jump",
-     /*  26 */ "If",
-     /*  27 */ "IfNot",
-     /*  28 */ "Column",
-     /*  29 */ "Affinity",
-     /*  30 */ "MakeRecord",
-     /*  31 */ "Count",
-     /*  32 */ "Savepoint",
-     /*  33 */ "AutoCommit",
-     /*  34 */ "Transaction",
-     /*  35 */ "ReadCookie",
-     /*  36 */ "SetCookie",
-     /*  37 */ "VerifyCookie",
-     /*  38 */ "OpenRead",
-     /*  39 */ "OpenWrite",
-     /*  40 */ "OpenEphemeral",
-     /*  41 */ "OpenPseudo",
-     /*  42 */ "Close",
-     /*  43 */ "SeekLt",
-     /*  44 */ "SeekLe",
-     /*  45 */ "SeekGe",
-     /*  46 */ "SeekGt",
-     /*  47 */ "Seek",
-     /*  48 */ "NotFound",
-     /*  49 */ "Found",
-     /*  50 */ "IsUnique",
-     /*  51 */ "NotExists",
-     /*  52 */ "Sequence",
-     /*  53 */ "NewRowid",
-     /*  54 */ "Insert",
-     /*  55 */ "InsertInt",
-     /*  56 */ "Delete",
-     /*  57 */ "ResetCount",
-     /*  58 */ "RowKey",
-     /*  59 */ "RowData",
-     /*  60 */ "Rowid",
-     /*  61 */ "NullRow",
-     /*  62 */ "Last",
-     /*  63 */ "Sort",
-     /*  64 */ "Rewind",
-     /*  65 */ "Prev",
-     /*  66 */ "Next",
-     /*  67 */ "IdxInsert",
-     /*  68 */ "Or",
-     /*  69 */ "And",
-     /*  70 */ "IdxDelete",
-     /*  71 */ "IdxRowid",
-     /*  72 */ "IdxLT",
-     /*  73 */ "IsNull",
-     /*  74 */ "NotNull",
-     /*  75 */ "Ne",
-     /*  76 */ "Eq",
-     /*  77 */ "Gt",
-     /*  78 */ "Le",
-     /*  79 */ "Lt",
-     /*  80 */ "Ge",
-     /*  81 */ "IdxGE",
-     /*  82 */ "BitAnd",
-     /*  83 */ "BitOr",
-     /*  84 */ "ShiftLeft",
-     /*  85 */ "ShiftRight",
-     /*  86 */ "Add",
-     /*  87 */ "Subtract",
-     /*  88 */ "Multiply",
-     /*  89 */ "Divide",
-     /*  90 */ "Remainder",
-     /*  91 */ "Concat",
-     /*  92 */ "Destroy",
-     /*  93 */ "BitNot",
-     /*  94 */ "String8",
-     /*  95 */ "Clear",
-     /*  96 */ "CreateIndex",
-     /*  97 */ "CreateTable",
-     /*  98 */ "ParseSchema",
-     /*  99 */ "LoadAnalysis",
-     /* 100 */ "DropTable",
-     /* 101 */ "DropIndex",
-     /* 102 */ "DropTrigger",
-     /* 103 */ "IntegrityCk",
-     /* 104 */ "RowSetAdd",
-     /* 105 */ "RowSetRead",
-     /* 106 */ "RowSetTest",
-     /* 107 */ "Program",
-     /* 108 */ "Param",
-     /* 109 */ "FkCounter",
-     /* 110 */ "FkIfZero",
-     /* 111 */ "MemMax",
-     /* 112 */ "IfPos",
-     /* 113 */ "IfNeg",
-     /* 114 */ "IfZero",
-     /* 115 */ "AggStep",
-     /* 116 */ "AggFinal",
-     /* 117 */ "Vacuum",
-     /* 118 */ "IncrVacuum",
-     /* 119 */ "Expire",
-     /* 120 */ "TableLock",
-     /* 121 */ "VBegin",
-     /* 122 */ "VCreate",
-     /* 123 */ "VDestroy",
-     /* 124 */ "VOpen",
-     /* 125 */ "VFilter",
-     /* 126 */ "VColumn",
-     /* 127 */ "VNext",
-     /* 128 */ "VRename",
-     /* 129 */ "VUpdate",
-     /* 130 */ "Real",
-     /* 131 */ "Pagecount",
-     /* 132 */ "Trace",
-     /* 133 */ "Noop",
-     /* 134 */ "Explain",
-     /* 135 */ "NotUsed_135",
-     /* 136 */ "NotUsed_136",
-     /* 137 */ "NotUsed_137",
-     /* 138 */ "NotUsed_138",
-     /* 139 */ "NotUsed_139",
-     /* 140 */ "NotUsed_140",
-     /* 141 */ "ToText",
-     /* 142 */ "ToBlob",
-     /* 143 */ "ToNumeric",
-     /* 144 */ "ToInt",
-     /* 145 */ "ToReal",
-  };
-  return azName[i];
-}
-#endif
-
-/************** End of opcodes.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file os_os2.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2006 Feb 14
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains code that is specific to OS/2.
-*/
-
-
-#if SQLITE_OS_OS2
-
-/*
-** A Note About Memory Allocation:
-**
-** This driver uses malloc()/free() directly rather than going through
-** the SQLite-wrappers sqlite3_malloc()/sqlite3_free().  Those wrappers
-** are designed for use on embedded systems where memory is scarce and
-** malloc failures happen frequently.  OS/2 does not typically run on
-** embedded systems, and when it does the developers normally have bigger
-** problems to worry about than running out of memory.  So there is not
-** a compelling need to use the wrappers.
-**
-** But there is a good reason to not use the wrappers.  If we use the
-** wrappers then we will get simulated malloc() failures within this
-** driver.  And that causes all kinds of problems for our tests.  We
-** could enhance SQLite to deal with simulated malloc failures within
-** the OS driver, but the code to deal with those failure would not
-** be exercised on Linux (which does not need to malloc() in the driver)
-** and so we would have difficulty writing coverage tests for that
-** code.  Better to leave the code out, we think.
-**
-** The point of this discussion is as follows:  When creating a new
-** OS layer for an embedded system, if you use this file as an example,
-** avoid the use of malloc()/free().  Those routines work ok on OS/2
-** desktops but not so well in embedded systems.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Macros used to determine whether or not to use threads.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-# define SQLITE_OS2_THREADS 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Include code that is common to all os_*.c files
-*/
-/************** Include os_common.h in the middle of os_os2.c ****************/
-/************** Begin file os_common.h ***************************************/
-/*
-** 2004 May 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains macros and a little bit of code that is common to
-** all of the platform-specific files (os_*.c) and is #included into those
-** files.
-**
-** This file should be #included by the os_*.c files only.  It is not a
-** general purpose header file.
-*/
-#ifndef _OS_COMMON_H_
-#define _OS_COMMON_H_
-
-/*
-** At least two bugs have slipped in because we changed the MEMORY_DEBUG
-** macro to SQLITE_DEBUG and some older makefiles have not yet made the
-** switch.  The following code should catch this problem at compile-time.
-*/
-#ifdef MEMORY_DEBUG
-# error "The MEMORY_DEBUG macro is obsolete.  Use SQLITE_DEBUG instead."
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OSTrace = 0;
-#define OSTRACE1(X)         if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X)
-#define OSTRACE2(X,Y)       if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y)
-#define OSTRACE3(X,Y,Z)     if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z)
-#define OSTRACE4(X,Y,Z,A)   if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A)
-#define OSTRACE5(X,Y,Z,A,B) if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A,B)
-#define OSTRACE6(X,Y,Z,A,B,C) \
-    if(sqlite3OSTrace) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A,B,C)
-#define OSTRACE7(X,Y,Z,A,B,C,D) \
-    if(sqlite3OSTrace) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A,B,C,D)
-#else
-#define OSTRACE1(X)
-#define OSTRACE2(X,Y)
-#define OSTRACE3(X,Y,Z)
-#define OSTRACE4(X,Y,Z,A)
-#define OSTRACE5(X,Y,Z,A,B)
-#define OSTRACE6(X,Y,Z,A,B,C)
-#define OSTRACE7(X,Y,Z,A,B,C,D)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Macros for performance tracing.  Normally turned off.  Only works
-** on i486 hardware.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
-
-/* 
-** hwtime.h contains inline assembler code for implementing 
-** high-performance timing routines.
-*/
-/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of os_common.h ****************/
-/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 May 27
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
-** counters for x86 class CPUs.
-*/
-#ifndef _HWTIME_H_
-#define _HWTIME_H_
-
-/*
-** The following routine only works on pentium-class (or newer) processors.
-** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
-** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
-** profiling.
-*/
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
-      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
-
-  #if defined(__GNUC__)
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-     unsigned int lo, hi;
-     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
-     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
-  }
-
-  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-
-  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-     __asm {
-        rdtsc
-        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
-     }
-  }
-
-  #endif
-
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-      unsigned long val;
-      __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
-      return val;
-  }
- 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-      unsigned long long retval;
-      unsigned long junk;
-      __asm__ __volatile__ ("\n\
-          1:      mftbu   %1\n\
-                  mftb    %L0\n\
-                  mftbu   %0\n\
-                  cmpw    %0,%1\n\
-                  bne     1b"
-                  : "=r" (retval), "=r" (junk));
-      return retval;
-  }
-
-#else
-
-  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
-
-  /*
-  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
-  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
-  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
-  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
-  ** least compile and run.
-  */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
-
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !defined(_HWTIME_H_) */
-
-/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in os_common.h ******************/
-
-static sqlite_uint64 g_start;
-static sqlite_uint64 g_elapsed;
-#define TIMER_START       g_start=sqlite3Hwtime()
-#define TIMER_END         g_elapsed=sqlite3Hwtime()-g_start
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     g_elapsed
-#else
-#define TIMER_START
-#define TIMER_END
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     ((sqlite_uint64)0)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** If we compile with the SQLITE_TEST macro set, then the following block
-** of code will give us the ability to simulate a disk I/O error.  This
-** is used for testing the I/O recovery logic.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_hit = 0;            /* Total number of I/O Errors */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_hardhit = 0;        /* Number of non-benign errors */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_pending = 0;        /* Count down to first I/O error */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_persist = 0;        /* True if I/O errors persist */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_benign = 0;         /* True if errors are benign */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_diskfull_pending = 0;
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_diskfull = 0;
-#define SimulateIOErrorBenign(X) sqlite3_io_error_benign=(X)
-#define SimulateIOError(CODE)  \
-  if( (sqlite3_io_error_persist && sqlite3_io_error_hit) \
-       || sqlite3_io_error_pending-- == 1 )  \
-              { local_ioerr(); CODE; }
-static void local_ioerr(){
-  IOTRACE(("IOERR\n"));
-  sqlite3_io_error_hit++;
-  if( !sqlite3_io_error_benign ) sqlite3_io_error_hardhit++;
-}
-#define SimulateDiskfullError(CODE) \
-   if( sqlite3_diskfull_pending ){ \
-     if( sqlite3_diskfull_pending == 1 ){ \
-       local_ioerr(); \
-       sqlite3_diskfull = 1; \
-       sqlite3_io_error_hit = 1; \
-       CODE; \
-     }else{ \
-       sqlite3_diskfull_pending--; \
-     } \
-   }
-#else
-#define SimulateIOErrorBenign(X)
-#define SimulateIOError(A)
-#define SimulateDiskfullError(A)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** When testing, keep a count of the number of open files.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_file_count = 0;
-#define OpenCounter(X)  sqlite3_open_file_count+=(X)
-#else
-#define OpenCounter(X)
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !defined(_OS_COMMON_H_) */
-
-/************** End of os_common.h *******************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in os_os2.c *********************/
-
-/*
-** The os2File structure is subclass of sqlite3_file specific for the OS/2
-** protability layer.
-*/
-typedef struct os2File os2File;
-struct os2File {
-  const sqlite3_io_methods *pMethod;  /* Always the first entry */
-  HFILE h;                  /* Handle for accessing the file */
-  char* pathToDel;          /* Name of file to delete on close, NULL if not */
-  unsigned char locktype;   /* Type of lock currently held on this file */
-};
-
-#define LOCK_TIMEOUT 10L /* the default locking timeout */
-
-/*****************************************************************************
-** The next group of routines implement the I/O methods specified
-** by the sqlite3_io_methods object.
-******************************************************************************/
-
-/*
-** Close a file.
-*/
-static int os2Close( sqlite3_file *id ){
-  APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
-  os2File *pFile;
-  if( id && (pFile = (os2File*)id) != 0 ){
-    OSTRACE2( "CLOSE %d\n", pFile->h );
-    rc = DosClose( pFile->h );
-    pFile->locktype = NO_LOCK;
-    if( pFile->pathToDel != NULL ){
-      rc = DosForceDelete( (PSZ)pFile->pathToDel );
-      free( pFile->pathToDel );
-      pFile->pathToDel = NULL;
-    }
-    id = 0;
-    OpenCounter( -1 );
-  }
-
-  return rc == NO_ERROR ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_IOERR;
-}
-
-/*
-** Read data from a file into a buffer.  Return SQLITE_OK if all
-** bytes were read successfully and SQLITE_IOERR if anything goes
-** wrong.
-*/
-static int os2Read(
-  sqlite3_file *id,               /* File to read from */
-  void *pBuf,                     /* Write content into this buffer */
-  int amt,                        /* Number of bytes to read */
-  sqlite3_int64 offset            /* Begin reading at this offset */
-){
-  ULONG fileLocation = 0L;
-  ULONG got;
-  os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_READ );
-  OSTRACE3( "READ %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype );
-  if( DosSetFilePtr(pFile->h, offset, FILE_BEGIN, &fileLocation) != NO_ERROR ){
-    return SQLITE_IOERR;
-  }
-  if( DosRead( pFile->h, pBuf, amt, &got ) != NO_ERROR ){
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
-  }
-  if( got == (ULONG)amt )
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  else {
-    /* Unread portions of the input buffer must be zero-filled */
-    memset(&((char*)pBuf)[got], 0, amt-got);
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Write data from a buffer into a file.  Return SQLITE_OK on success
-** or some other error code on failure.
-*/
-static int os2Write(
-  sqlite3_file *id,               /* File to write into */
-  const void *pBuf,               /* The bytes to be written */
-  int amt,                        /* Number of bytes to write */
-  sqlite3_int64 offset            /* Offset into the file to begin writing at */
-){
-  ULONG fileLocation = 0L;
-  APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
-  ULONG wrote;
-  os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE );
-  SimulateDiskfullError( return SQLITE_FULL );
-  OSTRACE3( "WRITE %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype );
-  if( DosSetFilePtr(pFile->h, offset, FILE_BEGIN, &fileLocation) != NO_ERROR ){
-    return SQLITE_IOERR;
-  }
-  assert( amt>0 );
-  while( amt > 0 &&
-         ( rc = DosWrite( pFile->h, (PVOID)pBuf, amt, &wrote ) ) == NO_ERROR &&
-         wrote > 0
-  ){
-    amt -= wrote;
-    pBuf = &((char*)pBuf)[wrote];
-  }
-
-  return ( rc != NO_ERROR || amt > (int)wrote ) ? SQLITE_FULL : SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Truncate an open file to a specified size
-*/
-static int os2Truncate( sqlite3_file *id, i64 nByte ){
-  APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
-  os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
-  OSTRACE3( "TRUNCATE %d %lld\n", pFile->h, nByte );
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE );
-  rc = DosSetFileSize( pFile->h, nByte );
-  return rc == NO_ERROR ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-/*
-** Count the number of fullsyncs and normal syncs.  This is used to test
-** that syncs and fullsyncs are occuring at the right times.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sync_count = 0;
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_fullsync_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Make sure all writes to a particular file are committed to disk.
-*/
-static int os2Sync( sqlite3_file *id, int flags ){
-  os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
-  OSTRACE3( "SYNC %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype );
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  if( flags & SQLITE_SYNC_FULL){
-    sqlite3_fullsync_count++;
-  }
-  sqlite3_sync_count++;
-#endif
-  /* If we compiled with the SQLITE_NO_SYNC flag, then syncing is a
-  ** no-op
-  */
-#ifdef SQLITE_NO_SYNC
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pFile);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-#else
-  return DosResetBuffer( pFile->h ) == NO_ERROR ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_IOERR;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Determine the current size of a file in bytes
-*/
-static int os2FileSize( sqlite3_file *id, sqlite3_int64 *pSize ){
-  APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
-  FILESTATUS3 fsts3FileInfo;
-  memset(&fsts3FileInfo, 0, sizeof(fsts3FileInfo));
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT );
-  rc = DosQueryFileInfo( ((os2File*)id)->h, FIL_STANDARD, &fsts3FileInfo, sizeof(FILESTATUS3) );
-  if( rc == NO_ERROR ){
-    *pSize = fsts3FileInfo.cbFile;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Acquire a reader lock.
-*/
-static int getReadLock( os2File *pFile ){
-  FILELOCK  LockArea,
-            UnlockArea;
-  APIRET res;
-  memset(&LockArea, 0, sizeof(LockArea));
-  memset(&UnlockArea, 0, sizeof(UnlockArea));
-  LockArea.lOffset = SHARED_FIRST;
-  LockArea.lRange = SHARED_SIZE;
-  UnlockArea.lOffset = 0L;
-  UnlockArea.lRange = 0L;
-  res = DosSetFileLocks( pFile->h, &UnlockArea, &LockArea, LOCK_TIMEOUT, 1L );
-  OSTRACE3( "GETREADLOCK %d res=%d\n", pFile->h, res );
-  return res;
-}
-
-/*
-** Undo a readlock
-*/
-static int unlockReadLock( os2File *id ){
-  FILELOCK  LockArea,
-            UnlockArea;
-  APIRET res;
-  memset(&LockArea, 0, sizeof(LockArea));
-  memset(&UnlockArea, 0, sizeof(UnlockArea));
-  LockArea.lOffset = 0L;
-  LockArea.lRange = 0L;
-  UnlockArea.lOffset = SHARED_FIRST;
-  UnlockArea.lRange = SHARED_SIZE;
-  res = DosSetFileLocks( id->h, &UnlockArea, &LockArea, LOCK_TIMEOUT, 1L );
-  OSTRACE3( "UNLOCK-READLOCK file handle=%d res=%d?\n", id->h, res );
-  return res;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lock the file with the lock specified by parameter locktype - one
-** of the following:
-**
-**     (1) SHARED_LOCK
-**     (2) RESERVED_LOCK
-**     (3) PENDING_LOCK
-**     (4) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK
-**
-** Sometimes when requesting one lock state, additional lock states
-** are inserted in between.  The locking might fail on one of the later
-** transitions leaving the lock state different from what it started but
-** still short of its goal.  The following chart shows the allowed
-** transitions and the inserted intermediate states:
-**
-**    UNLOCKED -> SHARED
-**    SHARED -> RESERVED
-**    SHARED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    RESERVED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    PENDING -> EXCLUSIVE
-**
-** This routine will only increase a lock.  The os2Unlock() routine
-** erases all locks at once and returns us immediately to locking level 0.
-** It is not possible to lower the locking level one step at a time.  You
-** must go straight to locking level 0.
-*/
-static int os2Lock( sqlite3_file *id, int locktype ){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;       /* Return code from subroutines */
-  APIRET res = NO_ERROR;    /* Result of an OS/2 lock call */
-  int newLocktype;       /* Set pFile->locktype to this value before exiting */
-  int gotPendingLock = 0;/* True if we acquired a PENDING lock this time */
-  FILELOCK  LockArea,
-            UnlockArea;
-  os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
-  memset(&LockArea, 0, sizeof(LockArea));
-  memset(&UnlockArea, 0, sizeof(UnlockArea));
-  assert( pFile!=0 );
-  OSTRACE4( "LOCK %d %d was %d\n", pFile->h, locktype, pFile->locktype );
-
-  /* If there is already a lock of this type or more restrictive on the
-  ** os2File, do nothing. Don't use the end_lock: exit path, as
-  ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() hasn't been called yet.
-  */
-  if( pFile->locktype>=locktype ){
-    OSTRACE3( "LOCK %d %d ok (already held)\n", pFile->h, locktype );
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure the locking sequence is correct
-  */
-  assert( pFile->locktype!=NO_LOCK || locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-  assert( locktype!=PENDING_LOCK );
-  assert( locktype!=RESERVED_LOCK || pFile->locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-
-  /* Lock the PENDING_LOCK byte if we need to acquire a PENDING lock or
-  ** a SHARED lock.  If we are acquiring a SHARED lock, the acquisition of
-  ** the PENDING_LOCK byte is temporary.
-  */
-  newLocktype = pFile->locktype;
-  if( pFile->locktype==NO_LOCK
-      || (locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && pFile->locktype==RESERVED_LOCK)
-  ){
-    LockArea.lOffset = PENDING_BYTE;
-    LockArea.lRange = 1L;
-    UnlockArea.lOffset = 0L;
-    UnlockArea.lRange = 0L;
-
-    /* wait longer than LOCK_TIMEOUT here not to have to try multiple times */
-    res = DosSetFileLocks( pFile->h, &UnlockArea, &LockArea, 100L, 0L );
-    if( res == NO_ERROR ){
-      gotPendingLock = 1;
-      OSTRACE3( "LOCK %d pending lock boolean set.  res=%d\n", pFile->h, res );
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Acquire a shared lock
-  */
-  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK && res == NO_ERROR ){
-    assert( pFile->locktype==NO_LOCK );
-    res = getReadLock(pFile);
-    if( res == NO_ERROR ){
-      newLocktype = SHARED_LOCK;
-    }
-    OSTRACE3( "LOCK %d acquire shared lock. res=%d\n", pFile->h, res );
-  }
-
-  /* Acquire a RESERVED lock
-  */
-  if( locktype==RESERVED_LOCK && res == NO_ERROR ){
-    assert( pFile->locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-    LockArea.lOffset = RESERVED_BYTE;
-    LockArea.lRange = 1L;
-    UnlockArea.lOffset = 0L;
-    UnlockArea.lRange = 0L;
-    res = DosSetFileLocks( pFile->h, &UnlockArea, &LockArea, LOCK_TIMEOUT, 0L );
-    if( res == NO_ERROR ){
-      newLocktype = RESERVED_LOCK;
-    }
-    OSTRACE3( "LOCK %d acquire reserved lock. res=%d\n", pFile->h, res );
-  }
-
-  /* Acquire a PENDING lock
-  */
-  if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && res == NO_ERROR ){
-    newLocktype = PENDING_LOCK;
-    gotPendingLock = 0;
-    OSTRACE2( "LOCK %d acquire pending lock. pending lock boolean unset.\n", pFile->h );
-  }
-
-  /* Acquire an EXCLUSIVE lock
-  */
-  if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && res == NO_ERROR ){
-    assert( pFile->locktype>=SHARED_LOCK );
-    res = unlockReadLock(pFile);
-    OSTRACE2( "unreadlock = %d\n", res );
-    LockArea.lOffset = SHARED_FIRST;
-    LockArea.lRange = SHARED_SIZE;
-    UnlockArea.lOffset = 0L;
-    UnlockArea.lRange = 0L;
-    res = DosSetFileLocks( pFile->h, &UnlockArea, &LockArea, LOCK_TIMEOUT, 0L );
-    if( res == NO_ERROR ){
-      newLocktype = EXCLUSIVE_LOCK;
-    }else{
-      OSTRACE2( "OS/2 error-code = %d\n", res );
-      getReadLock(pFile);
-    }
-    OSTRACE3( "LOCK %d acquire exclusive lock.  res=%d\n", pFile->h, res );
-  }
-
-  /* If we are holding a PENDING lock that ought to be released, then
-  ** release it now.
-  */
-  if( gotPendingLock && locktype==SHARED_LOCK ){
-    int r;
-    LockArea.lOffset = 0L;
-    LockArea.lRange = 0L;
-    UnlockArea.lOffset = PENDING_BYTE;
-    UnlockArea.lRange = 1L;
-    r = DosSetFileLocks( pFile->h, &UnlockArea, &LockArea, LOCK_TIMEOUT, 0L );
-    OSTRACE3( "LOCK %d unlocking pending/is shared. r=%d\n", pFile->h, r );
-  }
-
-  /* Update the state of the lock has held in the file descriptor then
-  ** return the appropriate result code.
-  */
-  if( res == NO_ERROR ){
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    OSTRACE4( "LOCK FAILED %d trying for %d but got %d\n", pFile->h,
-              locktype, newLocktype );
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }
-  pFile->locktype = newLocktype;
-  OSTRACE3( "LOCK %d now %d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype );
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
-** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, return
-** non-zero, otherwise zero.
-*/
-static int os2CheckReservedLock( sqlite3_file *id, int *pOut ){
-  int r = 0;
-  os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
-  assert( pFile!=0 );
-  if( pFile->locktype>=RESERVED_LOCK ){
-    r = 1;
-    OSTRACE3( "TEST WR-LOCK %d %d (local)\n", pFile->h, r );
-  }else{
-    FILELOCK  LockArea,
-              UnlockArea;
-    APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
-    memset(&LockArea, 0, sizeof(LockArea));
-    memset(&UnlockArea, 0, sizeof(UnlockArea));
-    LockArea.lOffset = RESERVED_BYTE;
-    LockArea.lRange = 1L;
-    UnlockArea.lOffset = 0L;
-    UnlockArea.lRange = 0L;
-    rc = DosSetFileLocks( pFile->h, &UnlockArea, &LockArea, LOCK_TIMEOUT, 0L );
-    OSTRACE3( "TEST WR-LOCK %d lock reserved byte rc=%d\n", pFile->h, rc );
-    if( rc == NO_ERROR ){
-      APIRET rcu = NO_ERROR; /* return code for unlocking */
-      LockArea.lOffset = 0L;
-      LockArea.lRange = 0L;
-      UnlockArea.lOffset = RESERVED_BYTE;
-      UnlockArea.lRange = 1L;
-      rcu = DosSetFileLocks( pFile->h, &UnlockArea, &LockArea, LOCK_TIMEOUT, 0L );
-      OSTRACE3( "TEST WR-LOCK %d unlock reserved byte r=%d\n", pFile->h, rcu );
-    }
-    r = !(rc == NO_ERROR);
-    OSTRACE3( "TEST WR-LOCK %d %d (remote)\n", pFile->h, r );
-  }
-  *pOut = r;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lower the locking level on file descriptor id to locktype.  locktype
-** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
-**
-** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
-** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
-**
-** It is not possible for this routine to fail if the second argument
-** is NO_LOCK.  If the second argument is SHARED_LOCK then this routine
-** might return SQLITE_IOERR;
-*/
-static int os2Unlock( sqlite3_file *id, int locktype ){
-  int type;
-  os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
-  APIRET rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  APIRET res = NO_ERROR;
-  FILELOCK  LockArea,
-            UnlockArea;
-  memset(&LockArea, 0, sizeof(LockArea));
-  memset(&UnlockArea, 0, sizeof(UnlockArea));
-  assert( pFile!=0 );
-  assert( locktype<=SHARED_LOCK );
-  OSTRACE4( "UNLOCK %d to %d was %d\n", pFile->h, locktype, pFile->locktype );
-  type = pFile->locktype;
-  if( type>=EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
-    LockArea.lOffset = 0L;
-    LockArea.lRange = 0L;
-    UnlockArea.lOffset = SHARED_FIRST;
-    UnlockArea.lRange = SHARED_SIZE;
-    res = DosSetFileLocks( pFile->h, &UnlockArea, &LockArea, LOCK_TIMEOUT, 0L );
-    OSTRACE3( "UNLOCK %d exclusive lock res=%d\n", pFile->h, res );
-    if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK && getReadLock(pFile) != NO_ERROR ){
-      /* This should never happen.  We should always be able to
-      ** reacquire the read lock */
-      OSTRACE3( "UNLOCK %d to %d getReadLock() failed\n", pFile->h, locktype );
-      rc = SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK;
-    }
-  }
-  if( type>=RESERVED_LOCK ){
-    LockArea.lOffset = 0L;
-    LockArea.lRange = 0L;
-    UnlockArea.lOffset = RESERVED_BYTE;
-    UnlockArea.lRange = 1L;
-    res = DosSetFileLocks( pFile->h, &UnlockArea, &LockArea, LOCK_TIMEOUT, 0L );
-    OSTRACE3( "UNLOCK %d reserved res=%d\n", pFile->h, res );
-  }
-  if( locktype==NO_LOCK && type>=SHARED_LOCK ){
-    res = unlockReadLock(pFile);
-    OSTRACE5( "UNLOCK %d is %d want %d res=%d\n", pFile->h, type, locktype, res );
-  }
-  if( type>=PENDING_LOCK ){
-    LockArea.lOffset = 0L;
-    LockArea.lRange = 0L;
-    UnlockArea.lOffset = PENDING_BYTE;
-    UnlockArea.lRange = 1L;
-    res = DosSetFileLocks( pFile->h, &UnlockArea, &LockArea, LOCK_TIMEOUT, 0L );
-    OSTRACE3( "UNLOCK %d pending res=%d\n", pFile->h, res );
-  }
-  pFile->locktype = locktype;
-  OSTRACE3( "UNLOCK %d now %d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype );
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Control and query of the open file handle.
-*/
-static int os2FileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
-  switch( op ){
-    case SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE: {
-      *(int*)pArg = ((os2File*)id)->locktype;
-      OSTRACE3( "FCNTL_LOCKSTATE %d lock=%d\n", ((os2File*)id)->h, ((os2File*)id)->locktype );
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_ERROR;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the sector size in bytes of the underlying block device for
-** the specified file. This is almost always 512 bytes, but may be
-** larger for some devices.
-**
-** SQLite code assumes this function cannot fail. It also assumes that
-** if two files are created in the same file-system directory (i.e.
-** a database and its journal file) that the sector size will be the
-** same for both.
-*/
-static int os2SectorSize(sqlite3_file *id){
-  return SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a vector of device characteristics.
-*/
-static int os2DeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id){
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Character set conversion objects used by conversion routines.
-*/
-static UconvObject ucUtf8 = NULL; /* convert between UTF-8 and UCS-2 */
-static UconvObject uclCp = NULL;  /* convert between local codepage and UCS-2 */
-
-/*
-** Helper function to initialize the conversion objects from and to UTF-8.
-*/
-static void initUconvObjects( void ){
-  if( UniCreateUconvObject( UTF_8, &ucUtf8 ) != ULS_SUCCESS )
-    ucUtf8 = NULL;
-  if ( UniCreateUconvObject( (UniChar *)L"@path=yes", &uclCp ) != ULS_SUCCESS )
-    uclCp = NULL;
-}
-
-/*
-** Helper function to free the conversion objects from and to UTF-8.
-*/
-static void freeUconvObjects( void ){
-  if ( ucUtf8 )
-    UniFreeUconvObject( ucUtf8 );
-  if ( uclCp )
-    UniFreeUconvObject( uclCp );
-  ucUtf8 = NULL;
-  uclCp = NULL;
-}
-
-/*
-** Helper function to convert UTF-8 filenames to local OS/2 codepage.
-** The two-step process: first convert the incoming UTF-8 string
-** into UCS-2 and then from UCS-2 to the current codepage.
-** The returned char pointer has to be freed.
-*/
-static char *convertUtf8PathToCp( const char *in ){
-  UniChar tempPath[CCHMAXPATH];
-  char *out = (char *)calloc( CCHMAXPATH, 1 );
-
-  if( !out )
-    return NULL;
-
-  if( !ucUtf8 || !uclCp )
-    initUconvObjects();
-
-  /* determine string for the conversion of UTF-8 which is CP1208 */
-  if( UniStrToUcs( ucUtf8, tempPath, (char *)in, CCHMAXPATH ) != ULS_SUCCESS )
-    return out; /* if conversion fails, return the empty string */
-
-  /* conversion for current codepage which can be used for paths */
-  UniStrFromUcs( uclCp, out, tempPath, CCHMAXPATH );
-
-  return out;
-}
-
-/*
-** Helper function to convert filenames from local codepage to UTF-8.
-** The two-step process: first convert the incoming codepage-specific
-** string into UCS-2 and then from UCS-2 to the codepage of UTF-8.
-** The returned char pointer has to be freed.
-**
-** This function is non-static to be able to use this in shell.c and
-** similar applications that take command line arguments.
-*/
-char *convertCpPathToUtf8( const char *in ){
-  UniChar tempPath[CCHMAXPATH];
-  char *out = (char *)calloc( CCHMAXPATH, 1 );
-
-  if( !out )
-    return NULL;
-
-  if( !ucUtf8 || !uclCp )
-    initUconvObjects();
-
-  /* conversion for current codepage which can be used for paths */
-  if( UniStrToUcs( uclCp, tempPath, (char *)in, CCHMAXPATH ) != ULS_SUCCESS )
-    return out; /* if conversion fails, return the empty string */
-
-  /* determine string for the conversion of UTF-8 which is CP1208 */
-  UniStrFromUcs( ucUtf8, out, tempPath, CCHMAXPATH );
-
-  return out;
-}
-
-/*
-** This vector defines all the methods that can operate on an
-** sqlite3_file for os2.
-*/
-static const sqlite3_io_methods os2IoMethod = {
-  1,                        /* iVersion */
-  os2Close,
-  os2Read,
-  os2Write,
-  os2Truncate,
-  os2Sync,
-  os2FileSize,
-  os2Lock,
-  os2Unlock,
-  os2CheckReservedLock,
-  os2FileControl,
-  os2SectorSize,
-  os2DeviceCharacteristics
-};
-
-/***************************************************************************
-** Here ends the I/O methods that form the sqlite3_io_methods object.
-**
-** The next block of code implements the VFS methods.
-****************************************************************************/
-
-/*
-** Create a temporary file name in zBuf.  zBuf must be big enough to
-** hold at pVfs->mxPathname characters.
-*/
-static int getTempname(int nBuf, char *zBuf ){
-  static const unsigned char zChars[] =
-    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-    "0123456789";
-  int i, j;
-  char zTempPathBuf[3];
-  PSZ zTempPath = (PSZ)&zTempPathBuf;
-  if( sqlite3_temp_directory ){
-    zTempPath = sqlite3_temp_directory;
-  }else{
-    if( DosScanEnv( (PSZ)"TEMP", &zTempPath ) ){
-      if( DosScanEnv( (PSZ)"TMP", &zTempPath ) ){
-        if( DosScanEnv( (PSZ)"TMPDIR", &zTempPath ) ){
-           ULONG ulDriveNum = 0, ulDriveMap = 0;
-           DosQueryCurrentDisk( &ulDriveNum, &ulDriveMap );
-           sprintf( (char*)zTempPath, "%c:", (char)( 'A' + ulDriveNum - 1 ) );
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  /* Strip off a trailing slashes or backslashes, otherwise we would get *
-   * multiple (back)slashes which causes DosOpen() to fail.              *
-   * Trailing spaces are not allowed, either.                            */
-  j = sqlite3Strlen30(zTempPath);
-  while( j > 0 && ( zTempPath[j-1] == '\\' || zTempPath[j-1] == '/'
-                    || zTempPath[j-1] == ' ' ) ){
-    j--;
-  }
-  zTempPath[j] = '\0';
-  if( !sqlite3_temp_directory ){
-    char *zTempPathUTF = convertCpPathToUtf8( zTempPath );
-    sqlite3_snprintf( nBuf-30, zBuf,
-                      "%s\\"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zTempPathUTF );
-    free( zTempPathUTF );
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_snprintf( nBuf-30, zBuf,
-                      "%s\\"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zTempPath );
-  }
-  j = sqlite3Strlen30( zBuf );
-  sqlite3_randomness( 20, &zBuf[j] );
-  for( i = 0; i < 20; i++, j++ ){
-    zBuf[j] = (char)zChars[ ((unsigned char)zBuf[j])%(sizeof(zChars)-1) ];
-  }
-  zBuf[j] = 0;
-  OSTRACE2( "TEMP FILENAME: %s\n", zBuf );
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Turn a relative pathname into a full pathname.  Write the full
-** pathname into zFull[].  zFull[] will be at least pVfs->mxPathname
-** bytes in size.
-*/
-static int os2FullPathname(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,          /* Pointer to vfs object */
-  const char *zRelative,      /* Possibly relative input path */
-  int nFull,                  /* Size of output buffer in bytes */
-  char *zFull                 /* Output buffer */
-){
-  char *zRelativeCp = convertUtf8PathToCp( zRelative );
-  char zFullCp[CCHMAXPATH] = "\0";
-  char *zFullUTF;
-  APIRET rc = DosQueryPathInfo( zRelativeCp, FIL_QUERYFULLNAME, zFullCp,
-                                CCHMAXPATH );
-  free( zRelativeCp );
-  zFullUTF = convertCpPathToUtf8( zFullCp );
-  sqlite3_snprintf( nFull, zFull, zFullUTF );
-  free( zFullUTF );
-  return rc == NO_ERROR ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_IOERR;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Open a file.
-*/
-static int os2Open(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,            /* Not used */
-  const char *zName,            /* Name of the file */
-  sqlite3_file *id,             /* Write the SQLite file handle here */
-  int flags,                    /* Open mode flags */
-  int *pOutFlags                /* Status return flags */
-){
-  HFILE h;
-  ULONG ulFileAttribute = FILE_NORMAL;
-  ULONG ulOpenFlags = 0;
-  ULONG ulOpenMode = 0;
-  os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
-  APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
-  ULONG ulAction;
-  char *zNameCp;
-  char zTmpname[CCHMAXPATH+1];    /* Buffer to hold name of temp file */
-
-  /* If the second argument to this function is NULL, generate a 
-  ** temporary file name to use 
-  */
-  if( !zName ){
-    int rc = getTempname(CCHMAXPATH+1, zTmpname);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    zName = zTmpname;
-  }
-
-
-  memset( pFile, 0, sizeof(*pFile) );
-
-  OSTRACE2( "OPEN want %d\n", flags );
-
-  if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ){
-    ulOpenMode |= OPEN_ACCESS_READWRITE;
-    OSTRACE1( "OPEN read/write\n" );
-  }else{
-    ulOpenMode |= OPEN_ACCESS_READONLY;
-    OSTRACE1( "OPEN read only\n" );
-  }
-
-  if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE ){
-    ulOpenFlags |= OPEN_ACTION_OPEN_IF_EXISTS | OPEN_ACTION_CREATE_IF_NEW;
-    OSTRACE1( "OPEN open new/create\n" );
-  }else{
-    ulOpenFlags |= OPEN_ACTION_OPEN_IF_EXISTS | OPEN_ACTION_FAIL_IF_NEW;
-    OSTRACE1( "OPEN open existing\n" );
-  }
-
-  if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
-    ulOpenMode |= OPEN_SHARE_DENYNONE;
-    OSTRACE1( "OPEN share read/write\n" );
-  }else{
-    ulOpenMode |= OPEN_SHARE_DENYWRITE;
-    OSTRACE1( "OPEN share read only\n" );
-  }
-
-  if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE ){
-    char pathUtf8[CCHMAXPATH];
-#ifdef NDEBUG /* when debugging we want to make sure it is deleted */
-    ulFileAttribute = FILE_HIDDEN;
-#endif
-    os2FullPathname( pVfs, zName, CCHMAXPATH, pathUtf8 );
-    pFile->pathToDel = convertUtf8PathToCp( pathUtf8 );
-    OSTRACE1( "OPEN hidden/delete on close file attributes\n" );
-  }else{
-    pFile->pathToDel = NULL;
-    OSTRACE1( "OPEN normal file attribute\n" );
-  }
-
-  /* always open in random access mode for possibly better speed */
-  ulOpenMode |= OPEN_FLAGS_RANDOM;
-  ulOpenMode |= OPEN_FLAGS_FAIL_ON_ERROR;
-  ulOpenMode |= OPEN_FLAGS_NOINHERIT;
-
-  zNameCp = convertUtf8PathToCp( zName );
-  rc = DosOpen( (PSZ)zNameCp,
-                &h,
-                &ulAction,
-                0L,
-                ulFileAttribute,
-                ulOpenFlags,
-                ulOpenMode,
-                (PEAOP2)NULL );
-  free( zNameCp );
-  if( rc != NO_ERROR ){
-    OSTRACE7( "OPEN Invalid handle rc=%d: zName=%s, ulAction=%#lx, ulAttr=%#lx, ulFlags=%#lx, ulMode=%#lx\n",
-              rc, zName, ulAction, ulFileAttribute, ulOpenFlags, ulOpenMode );
-    if( pFile->pathToDel )
-      free( pFile->pathToDel );
-    pFile->pathToDel = NULL;
-    if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ){
-      OSTRACE2( "OPEN %d Invalid handle\n", ((flags | SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY) & ~SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE) );
-      return os2Open( pVfs, zName, id,
-                      ((flags | SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY) & ~SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE),
-                      pOutFlags );
-    }else{
-      return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( pOutFlags ){
-    *pOutFlags = flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ? SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE : SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
-  }
-
-  pFile->pMethod = &os2IoMethod;
-  pFile->h = h;
-  OpenCounter(+1);
-  OSTRACE3( "OPEN %d pOutFlags=%d\n", pFile->h, pOutFlags );
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete the named file.
-*/
-static int os2Delete(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,                     /* Not used on os2 */
-  const char *zFilename,                 /* Name of file to delete */
-  int syncDir                            /* Not used on os2 */
-){
-  APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
-  char *zFilenameCp = convertUtf8PathToCp( zFilename );
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE );
-  rc = DosDelete( (PSZ)zFilenameCp );
-  free( zFilenameCp );
-  OSTRACE2( "DELETE \"%s\"\n", zFilename );
-  return rc == NO_ERROR ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE;
-}
-
-/*
-** Check the existance and status of a file.
-*/
-static int os2Access(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,        /* Not used on os2 */
-  const char *zFilename,    /* Name of file to check */
-  int flags,                /* Type of test to make on this file */
-  int *pOut                 /* Write results here */
-){
-  FILESTATUS3 fsts3ConfigInfo;
-  APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
-  char *zFilenameCp = convertUtf8PathToCp( zFilename );
-
-  memset( &fsts3ConfigInfo, 0, sizeof(fsts3ConfigInfo) );
-  rc = DosQueryPathInfo( (PSZ)zFilenameCp, FIL_STANDARD,
-                         &fsts3ConfigInfo, sizeof(FILESTATUS3) );
-  free( zFilenameCp );
-  OSTRACE4( "ACCESS fsts3ConfigInfo.attrFile=%d flags=%d rc=%d\n",
-            fsts3ConfigInfo.attrFile, flags, rc );
-  switch( flags ){
-    case SQLITE_ACCESS_READ:
-    case SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS:
-      rc = (rc == NO_ERROR);
-      OSTRACE3( "ACCESS %s access of read and exists  rc=%d\n", zFilename, rc );
-      break;
-    case SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE:
-      rc = (rc == NO_ERROR) && ( (fsts3ConfigInfo.attrFile & FILE_READONLY) == 0 );
-      OSTRACE3( "ACCESS %s access of read/write  rc=%d\n", zFilename, rc );
-      break;
-    default:
-      assert( !"Invalid flags argument" );
-  }
-  *pOut = rc;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-/*
-** Interfaces for opening a shared library, finding entry points
-** within the shared library, and closing the shared library.
-*/
-/*
-** Interfaces for opening a shared library, finding entry points
-** within the shared library, and closing the shared library.
-*/
-static void *os2DlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zFilename){
-  UCHAR loadErr[256];
-  HMODULE hmod;
-  APIRET rc;
-  char *zFilenameCp = convertUtf8PathToCp(zFilename);
-  rc = DosLoadModule((PSZ)loadErr, sizeof(loadErr), zFilenameCp, &hmod);
-  free(zFilenameCp);
-  return rc != NO_ERROR ? 0 : (void*)hmod;
-}
-/*
-** A no-op since the error code is returned on the DosLoadModule call.
-** os2Dlopen returns zero if DosLoadModule is not successful.
-*/
-static void os2DlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBufOut){
-/* no-op */
-}
-static void *os2DlSym(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle, const char *zSymbol){
-  PFN pfn;
-  APIRET rc;
-  rc = DosQueryProcAddr((HMODULE)pHandle, 0L, zSymbol, &pfn);
-  if( rc != NO_ERROR ){
-    /* if the symbol itself was not found, search again for the same
-     * symbol with an extra underscore, that might be needed depending
-     * on the calling convention */
-    char _zSymbol[256] = "_";
-    strncat(_zSymbol, zSymbol, 255);
-    rc = DosQueryProcAddr((HMODULE)pHandle, 0L, _zSymbol, &pfn);
-  }
-  return rc != NO_ERROR ? 0 : (void*)pfn;
-}
-static void os2DlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
-  DosFreeModule((HMODULE)pHandle);
-}
-#else /* if SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION is defined: */
-  #define os2DlOpen 0
-  #define os2DlError 0
-  #define os2DlSym 0
-  #define os2DlClose 0
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Write up to nBuf bytes of randomness into zBuf.
-*/
-static int os2Randomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf ){
-  int n = 0;
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-  n = nBuf;
-  memset(zBuf, 0, nBuf);
-#else
-  int sizeofULong = sizeof(ULONG);
-  if( (int)sizeof(DATETIME) <= nBuf - n ){
-    DATETIME x;
-    DosGetDateTime(&x);
-    memcpy(&zBuf[n], &x, sizeof(x));
-    n += sizeof(x);
-  }
-
-  if( sizeofULong <= nBuf - n ){
-    PPIB ppib;
-    DosGetInfoBlocks(NULL, &ppib);
-    memcpy(&zBuf[n], &ppib->pib_ulpid, sizeofULong);
-    n += sizeofULong;
-  }
-
-  if( sizeofULong <= nBuf - n ){
-    PTIB ptib;
-    DosGetInfoBlocks(&ptib, NULL);
-    memcpy(&zBuf[n], &ptib->tib_ptib2->tib2_ultid, sizeofULong);
-    n += sizeofULong;
-  }
-
-  /* if we still haven't filled the buffer yet the following will */
-  /* grab everything once instead of making several calls for a single item */
-  if( sizeofULong <= nBuf - n ){
-    ULONG ulSysInfo[QSV_MAX];
-    DosQuerySysInfo(1L, QSV_MAX, ulSysInfo, sizeofULong * QSV_MAX);
-
-    memcpy(&zBuf[n], &ulSysInfo[QSV_MS_COUNT - 1], sizeofULong);
-    n += sizeofULong;
-
-    if( sizeofULong <= nBuf - n ){
-      memcpy(&zBuf[n], &ulSysInfo[QSV_TIMER_INTERVAL - 1], sizeofULong);
-      n += sizeofULong;
-    }
-    if( sizeofULong <= nBuf - n ){
-      memcpy(&zBuf[n], &ulSysInfo[QSV_TIME_LOW - 1], sizeofULong);
-      n += sizeofULong;
-    }
-    if( sizeofULong <= nBuf - n ){
-      memcpy(&zBuf[n], &ulSysInfo[QSV_TIME_HIGH - 1], sizeofULong);
-      n += sizeofULong;
-    }
-    if( sizeofULong <= nBuf - n ){
-      memcpy(&zBuf[n], &ulSysInfo[QSV_TOTAVAILMEM - 1], sizeofULong);
-      n += sizeofULong;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Sleep for a little while.  Return the amount of time slept.
-** The argument is the number of microseconds we want to sleep.
-** The return value is the number of microseconds of sleep actually
-** requested from the underlying operating system, a number which
-** might be greater than or equal to the argument, but not less
-** than the argument.
-*/
-static int os2Sleep( sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int microsec ){
-  DosSleep( (microsec/1000) );
-  return microsec;
-}
-
-/*
-** The following variable, if set to a non-zero value, becomes the result
-** returned from sqlite3OsCurrentTime().  This is used for testing.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_current_time = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Find the current time (in Universal Coordinated Time).  Write the
-** current time and date as a Julian Day number into *prNow and
-** return 0.  Return 1 if the time and date cannot be found.
-*/
-int os2CurrentTime( sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, double *prNow ){
-  double now;
-  SHORT minute; /* needs to be able to cope with negative timezone offset */
-  USHORT second, hour,
-         day, month, year;
-  DATETIME dt;
-  DosGetDateTime( &dt );
-  second = (USHORT)dt.seconds;
-  minute = (SHORT)dt.minutes + dt.timezone;
-  hour = (USHORT)dt.hours;
-  day = (USHORT)dt.day;
-  month = (USHORT)dt.month;
-  year = (USHORT)dt.year;
-
-  /* Calculations from http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/~rno/Astronomy/hjd.html
-     http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/~rno/Astronomy/hjd-0.1.c */
-  /* Calculate the Julian days */
-  now = day - 32076 +
-    1461*(year + 4800 + (month - 14)/12)/4 +
-    367*(month - 2 - (month - 14)/12*12)/12 -
-    3*((year + 4900 + (month - 14)/12)/100)/4;
-
-  /* Add the fractional hours, mins and seconds */
-  now += (hour + 12.0)/24.0;
-  now += minute/1440.0;
-  now += second/86400.0;
-  *prNow = now;
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  if( sqlite3_current_time ){
-    *prNow = sqlite3_current_time/86400.0 + 2440587.5;
-  }
-#endif
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static int os2GetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize and deinitialize the operating system interface.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){
-  static sqlite3_vfs os2Vfs = {
-    1,                 /* iVersion */
-    sizeof(os2File),   /* szOsFile */
-    CCHMAXPATH,        /* mxPathname */
-    0,                 /* pNext */
-    "os2",             /* zName */
-    0,                 /* pAppData */
-
-    os2Open,           /* xOpen */
-    os2Delete,         /* xDelete */
-    os2Access,         /* xAccess */
-    os2FullPathname,   /* xFullPathname */
-    os2DlOpen,         /* xDlOpen */
-    os2DlError,        /* xDlError */
-    os2DlSym,          /* xDlSym */
-    os2DlClose,        /* xDlClose */
-    os2Randomness,     /* xRandomness */
-    os2Sleep,          /* xSleep */
-    os2CurrentTime,    /* xCurrentTime */
-    os2GetLastError    /* xGetLastError */
-  };
-  sqlite3_vfs_register(&os2Vfs, 1);
-  initUconvObjects();
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){
-  freeUconvObjects();
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OS_OS2 */
-
-/************** End of os_os2.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file os_unix.c *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2004 May 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains the VFS implementation for unix-like operating systems
-** include Linux, MacOSX, *BSD, QNX, VxWorks, AIX, HPUX, and others.
-**
-** There are actually several different VFS implementations in this file.
-** The differences are in the way that file locking is done.  The default
-** implementation uses Posix Advisory Locks.  Alternative implementations
-** use flock(), dot-files, various proprietary locking schemas, or simply
-** skip locking all together.
-**
-** This source file is organized into divisions where the logic for various
-** subfunctions is contained within the appropriate division.  PLEASE
-** KEEP THE STRUCTURE OF THIS FILE INTACT.  New code should be placed
-** in the correct division and should be clearly labeled.
-**
-** The layout of divisions is as follows:
-**
-**   *  General-purpose declarations and utility functions.
-**   *  Unique file ID logic used by VxWorks.
-**   *  Various locking primitive implementations (all except proxy locking):
-**      + for Posix Advisory Locks
-**      + for no-op locks
-**      + for dot-file locks
-**      + for flock() locking
-**      + for named semaphore locks (VxWorks only)
-**      + for AFP filesystem locks (MacOSX only)
-**   *  sqlite3_file methods not associated with locking.
-**   *  Definitions of sqlite3_io_methods objects for all locking
-**      methods plus "finder" functions for each locking method.
-**   *  sqlite3_vfs method implementations.
-**   *  Locking primitives for the proxy uber-locking-method. (MacOSX only)
-**   *  Definitions of sqlite3_vfs objects for all locking methods
-**      plus implementations of sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX              /* This file is used on unix only */
-
-/*
-** There are various methods for file locking used for concurrency
-** control:
-**
-**   1. POSIX locking (the default),
-**   2. No locking,
-**   3. Dot-file locking,
-**   4. flock() locking,
-**   5. AFP locking (OSX only),
-**   6. Named POSIX semaphores (VXWorks only),
-**   7. proxy locking. (OSX only)
-**
-** Styles 4, 5, and 7 are only available of SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-** is defined to 1.  The SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE also enables automatic
-** selection of the appropriate locking style based on the filesystem
-** where the database is located.  
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE)
-#  if defined(__APPLE__)
-#    define SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE 1
-#  else
-#    define SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE 0
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Define the OS_VXWORKS pre-processor macro to 1 if building on 
-** vxworks, or 0 otherwise.
-*/
-#ifndef OS_VXWORKS
-#  if defined(__RTP__) || defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
-#    define OS_VXWORKS 1
-#  else
-#    define OS_VXWORKS 0
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-/*
-** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on Posix if the
-** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
-** large file support, these should be no-ops.
-**
-** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
-** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
-** on a recent machine (ex: RedHat 7.2) but you want your code to work
-** on an older machine (ex: RedHat 6.0).  If you compile on RedHat 7.2
-** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
-** in RedHat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
-** portability you should omit LFS.
-**
-** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
-** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
-** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
-** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
-# define _LARGE_FILE       1
-# ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
-#   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
-# endif
-# define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** standard include files.
-*/
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-# include <sys/ioctl.h>
-# if OS_VXWORKS
-#  include <semaphore.h>
-#  include <limits.h>
-# else
-#  include <sys/file.h>
-#  include <sys/param.h>
-# endif
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
-
-#if defined(__APPLE__) || (SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && !OS_VXWORKS)
-# include <sys/mount.h>
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Allowed values of unixFile.fsFlags
-*/
-#define SQLITE_FSFLAGS_IS_MSDOS     0x1
-
-/*
-** If we are to be thread-safe, include the pthreads header and define
-** the SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS macro.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-# define SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Default permissions when creating a new file
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS 0644
-#endif
-
-/*
- ** Default permissions when creating auto proxy dir
- */
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PROXYDIR_PERMISSIONS
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PROXYDIR_PERMISSIONS 0755
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Maximum supported path-length.
-*/
-#define MAX_PATHNAME 512
-
-/*
-** Only set the lastErrno if the error code is a real error and not 
-** a normal expected return code of SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_OK
-*/
-#define IS_LOCK_ERROR(x)  ((x != SQLITE_OK) && (x != SQLITE_BUSY))
-
-
-/*
-** Sometimes, after a file handle is closed by SQLite, the file descriptor
-** cannot be closed immediately. In these cases, instances of the following
-** structure are used to store the file descriptor while waiting for an
-** opportunity to either close or reuse it.
-*/
-typedef struct UnixUnusedFd UnixUnusedFd;
-struct UnixUnusedFd {
-  int fd;                   /* File descriptor to close */
-  int flags;                /* Flags this file descriptor was opened with */
-  UnixUnusedFd *pNext;      /* Next unused file descriptor on same file */
-};
-
-/*
-** The unixFile structure is subclass of sqlite3_file specific to the unix
-** VFS implementations.
-*/
-typedef struct unixFile unixFile;
-struct unixFile {
-  sqlite3_io_methods const *pMethod;  /* Always the first entry */
-  struct unixOpenCnt *pOpen;       /* Info about all open fd's on this inode */
-  struct unixLockInfo *pLock;      /* Info about locks on this inode */
-  int h;                           /* The file descriptor */
-  int dirfd;                       /* File descriptor for the directory */
-  unsigned char locktype;          /* The type of lock held on this fd */
-  int lastErrno;                   /* The unix errno from the last I/O error */
-  void *lockingContext;            /* Locking style specific state */
-  UnixUnusedFd *pUnused;           /* Pre-allocated UnixUnusedFd */
-  int fileFlags;                   /* Miscellanous flags */
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-  int openFlags;                   /* The flags specified at open() */
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE || defined(__APPLE__)
-  unsigned fsFlags;                 /* cached details from statfs() */
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__)
-  pthread_t tid;                   /* The thread that "owns" this unixFile */
-#endif
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-  int isDelete;                    /* Delete on close if true */
-  struct vxworksFileId *pId;       /* Unique file ID */
-#endif
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  /* The next group of variables are used to track whether or not the
-  ** transaction counter in bytes 24-27 of database files are updated
-  ** whenever any part of the database changes.  An assertion fault will
-  ** occur if a file is updated without also updating the transaction
-  ** counter.  This test is made to avoid new problems similar to the
-  ** one described by ticket #3584. 
-  */
-  unsigned char transCntrChng;   /* True if the transaction counter changed */
-  unsigned char dbUpdate;        /* True if any part of database file changed */
-  unsigned char inNormalWrite;   /* True if in a normal write operation */
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  /* In test mode, increase the size of this structure a bit so that 
-  ** it is larger than the struct CrashFile defined in test6.c.
-  */
-  char aPadding[32];
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** The following macros define bits in unixFile.fileFlags
-*/
-#define SQLITE_WHOLE_FILE_LOCKING  0x0001   /* Use whole-file locking */
-
-/*
-** Include code that is common to all os_*.c files
-*/
-/************** Include os_common.h in the middle of os_unix.c ***************/
-/************** Begin file os_common.h ***************************************/
-/*
-** 2004 May 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains macros and a little bit of code that is common to
-** all of the platform-specific files (os_*.c) and is #included into those
-** files.
-**
-** This file should be #included by the os_*.c files only.  It is not a
-** general purpose header file.
-*/
-#ifndef _OS_COMMON_H_
-#define _OS_COMMON_H_
-
-/*
-** At least two bugs have slipped in because we changed the MEMORY_DEBUG
-** macro to SQLITE_DEBUG and some older makefiles have not yet made the
-** switch.  The following code should catch this problem at compile-time.
-*/
-#ifdef MEMORY_DEBUG
-# error "The MEMORY_DEBUG macro is obsolete.  Use SQLITE_DEBUG instead."
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OSTrace = 0;
-#define OSTRACE1(X)         if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X)
-#define OSTRACE2(X,Y)       if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y)
-#define OSTRACE3(X,Y,Z)     if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z)
-#define OSTRACE4(X,Y,Z,A)   if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A)
-#define OSTRACE5(X,Y,Z,A,B) if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A,B)
-#define OSTRACE6(X,Y,Z,A,B,C) \
-    if(sqlite3OSTrace) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A,B,C)
-#define OSTRACE7(X,Y,Z,A,B,C,D) \
-    if(sqlite3OSTrace) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A,B,C,D)
-#else
-#define OSTRACE1(X)
-#define OSTRACE2(X,Y)
-#define OSTRACE3(X,Y,Z)
-#define OSTRACE4(X,Y,Z,A)
-#define OSTRACE5(X,Y,Z,A,B)
-#define OSTRACE6(X,Y,Z,A,B,C)
-#define OSTRACE7(X,Y,Z,A,B,C,D)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Macros for performance tracing.  Normally turned off.  Only works
-** on i486 hardware.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
-
-/* 
-** hwtime.h contains inline assembler code for implementing 
-** high-performance timing routines.
-*/
-/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of os_common.h ****************/
-/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 May 27
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
-** counters for x86 class CPUs.
-*/
-#ifndef _HWTIME_H_
-#define _HWTIME_H_
-
-/*
-** The following routine only works on pentium-class (or newer) processors.
-** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
-** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
-** profiling.
-*/
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
-      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
-
-  #if defined(__GNUC__)
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-     unsigned int lo, hi;
-     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
-     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
-  }
-
-  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-
-  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-     __asm {
-        rdtsc
-        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
-     }
-  }
-
-  #endif
-
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-      unsigned long val;
-      __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
-      return val;
-  }
- 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-      unsigned long long retval;
-      unsigned long junk;
-      __asm__ __volatile__ ("\n\
-          1:      mftbu   %1\n\
-                  mftb    %L0\n\
-                  mftbu   %0\n\
-                  cmpw    %0,%1\n\
-                  bne     1b"
-                  : "=r" (retval), "=r" (junk));
-      return retval;
-  }
-
-#else
-
-  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
-
-  /*
-  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
-  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
-  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
-  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
-  ** least compile and run.
-  */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
-
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !defined(_HWTIME_H_) */
-
-/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in os_common.h ******************/
-
-static sqlite_uint64 g_start;
-static sqlite_uint64 g_elapsed;
-#define TIMER_START       g_start=sqlite3Hwtime()
-#define TIMER_END         g_elapsed=sqlite3Hwtime()-g_start
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     g_elapsed
-#else
-#define TIMER_START
-#define TIMER_END
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     ((sqlite_uint64)0)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** If we compile with the SQLITE_TEST macro set, then the following block
-** of code will give us the ability to simulate a disk I/O error.  This
-** is used for testing the I/O recovery logic.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_hit = 0;            /* Total number of I/O Errors */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_hardhit = 0;        /* Number of non-benign errors */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_pending = 0;        /* Count down to first I/O error */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_persist = 0;        /* True if I/O errors persist */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_benign = 0;         /* True if errors are benign */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_diskfull_pending = 0;
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_diskfull = 0;
-#define SimulateIOErrorBenign(X) sqlite3_io_error_benign=(X)
-#define SimulateIOError(CODE)  \
-  if( (sqlite3_io_error_persist && sqlite3_io_error_hit) \
-       || sqlite3_io_error_pending-- == 1 )  \
-              { local_ioerr(); CODE; }
-static void local_ioerr(){
-  IOTRACE(("IOERR\n"));
-  sqlite3_io_error_hit++;
-  if( !sqlite3_io_error_benign ) sqlite3_io_error_hardhit++;
-}
-#define SimulateDiskfullError(CODE) \
-   if( sqlite3_diskfull_pending ){ \
-     if( sqlite3_diskfull_pending == 1 ){ \
-       local_ioerr(); \
-       sqlite3_diskfull = 1; \
-       sqlite3_io_error_hit = 1; \
-       CODE; \
-     }else{ \
-       sqlite3_diskfull_pending--; \
-     } \
-   }
-#else
-#define SimulateIOErrorBenign(X)
-#define SimulateIOError(A)
-#define SimulateDiskfullError(A)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** When testing, keep a count of the number of open files.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_file_count = 0;
-#define OpenCounter(X)  sqlite3_open_file_count+=(X)
-#else
-#define OpenCounter(X)
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !defined(_OS_COMMON_H_) */
-
-/************** End of os_common.h *******************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in os_unix.c ********************/
-
-/*
-** Define various macros that are missing from some systems.
-*/
-#ifndef O_LARGEFILE
-# define O_LARGEFILE 0
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
-# undef O_LARGEFILE
-# define O_LARGEFILE 0
-#endif
-#ifndef O_NOFOLLOW
-# define O_NOFOLLOW 0
-#endif
-#ifndef O_BINARY
-# define O_BINARY 0
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The DJGPP compiler environment looks mostly like Unix, but it
-** lacks the fcntl() system call.  So redefine fcntl() to be something
-** that always succeeds.  This means that locking does not occur under
-** DJGPP.  But it is DOS - what did you expect?
-*/
-#ifdef __DJGPP__
-# define fcntl(A,B,C) 0
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The threadid macro resolves to the thread-id or to 0.  Used for
-** testing and debugging only.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-#define threadid pthread_self()
-#else
-#define threadid 0
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Helper functions to obtain and relinquish the global mutex. The
-** global mutex is used to protect the unixOpenCnt, unixLockInfo and
-** vxworksFileId objects used by this file, all of which may be 
-** shared by multiple threads.
-**
-** Function unixMutexHeld() is used to assert() that the global mutex 
-** is held when required. This function is only used as part of assert() 
-** statements. e.g.
-**
-**   unixEnterMutex()
-**     assert( unixMutexHeld() );
-**   unixEnterLeave()
-*/
-static void unixEnterMutex(void){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
-}
-static void unixLeaveMutex(void){
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
-}
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-static int unixMutexHeld(void) {
-  return sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
-}
-#endif
-
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-** Helper function for printing out trace information from debugging
-** binaries. This returns the string represetation of the supplied
-** integer lock-type.
-*/
-static const char *locktypeName(int locktype){
-  switch( locktype ){
-    case NO_LOCK: return "NONE";
-    case SHARED_LOCK: return "SHARED";
-    case RESERVED_LOCK: return "RESERVED";
-    case PENDING_LOCK: return "PENDING";
-    case EXCLUSIVE_LOCK: return "EXCLUSIVE";
-  }
-  return "ERROR";
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_LOCK_TRACE
-/*
-** Print out information about all locking operations.
-**
-** This routine is used for troubleshooting locks on multithreaded
-** platforms.  Enable by compiling with the -DSQLITE_LOCK_TRACE
-** command-line option on the compiler.  This code is normally
-** turned off.
-*/
-static int lockTrace(int fd, int op, struct flock *p){
-  char *zOpName, *zType;
-  int s;
-  int savedErrno;
-  if( op==F_GETLK ){
-    zOpName = "GETLK";
-  }else if( op==F_SETLK ){
-    zOpName = "SETLK";
-  }else{
-    s = fcntl(fd, op, p);
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("fcntl unknown %d %d %d\n", fd, op, s);
-    return s;
-  }
-  if( p->l_type==F_RDLCK ){
-    zType = "RDLCK";
-  }else if( p->l_type==F_WRLCK ){
-    zType = "WRLCK";
-  }else if( p->l_type==F_UNLCK ){
-    zType = "UNLCK";
-  }else{
-    assert( 0 );
-  }
-  assert( p->l_whence==SEEK_SET );
-  s = fcntl(fd, op, p);
-  savedErrno = errno;
-  sqlite3DebugPrintf("fcntl %d %d %s %s %d %d %d %d\n",
-     threadid, fd, zOpName, zType, (int)p->l_start, (int)p->l_len,
-     (int)p->l_pid, s);
-  if( s==(-1) && op==F_SETLK && (p->l_type==F_RDLCK || p->l_type==F_WRLCK) ){
-    struct flock l2;
-    l2 = *p;
-    fcntl(fd, F_GETLK, &l2);
-    if( l2.l_type==F_RDLCK ){
-      zType = "RDLCK";
-    }else if( l2.l_type==F_WRLCK ){
-      zType = "WRLCK";
-    }else if( l2.l_type==F_UNLCK ){
-      zType = "UNLCK";
-    }else{
-      assert( 0 );
-    }
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("fcntl-failure-reason: %s %d %d %d\n",
-       zType, (int)l2.l_start, (int)l2.l_len, (int)l2.l_pid);
-  }
-  errno = savedErrno;
-  return s;
-}
-#define fcntl lockTrace
-#endif /* SQLITE_LOCK_TRACE */
-
-
-
-/*
-** This routine translates a standard POSIX errno code into something
-** useful to the clients of the sqlite3 functions.  Specifically, it is
-** intended to translate a variety of "try again" errors into SQLITE_BUSY
-** and a variety of "please close the file descriptor NOW" errors into 
-** SQLITE_IOERR
-** 
-** Errors during initialization of locks, or file system support for locks,
-** should handle ENOLCK, ENOTSUP, EOPNOTSUPP separately.
-*/
-static int sqliteErrorFromPosixError(int posixError, int sqliteIOErr) {
-  switch (posixError) {
-  case 0: 
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-    
-  case EAGAIN:
-  case ETIMEDOUT:
-  case EBUSY:
-  case EINTR:
-  case ENOLCK:  
-    /* random NFS retry error, unless during file system support 
-     * introspection, in which it actually means what it says */
-    return SQLITE_BUSY;
-    
-  case EACCES: 
-    /* EACCES is like EAGAIN during locking operations, but not any other time*/
-    if( (sqliteIOErr == SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK) || 
-       (sqliteIOErr == SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK) || 
-       (sqliteIOErr == SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK) ||
-       (sqliteIOErr == SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK) ){
-      return SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }
-    /* else fall through */
-  case EPERM: 
-    return SQLITE_PERM;
-    
-  case EDEADLK:
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED;
-    
-#if EOPNOTSUPP!=ENOTSUP
-  case EOPNOTSUPP: 
-    /* something went terribly awry, unless during file system support 
-     * introspection, in which it actually means what it says */
-#endif
-#ifdef ENOTSUP
-  case ENOTSUP: 
-    /* invalid fd, unless during file system support introspection, in which 
-     * it actually means what it says */
-#endif
-  case EIO:
-  case EBADF:
-  case EINVAL:
-  case ENOTCONN:
-  case ENODEV:
-  case ENXIO:
-  case ENOENT:
-  case ESTALE:
-  case ENOSYS:
-    /* these should force the client to close the file and reconnect */
-    
-  default: 
-    return sqliteIOErr;
-  }
-}
-
-
-
-/******************************************************************************
-****************** Begin Unique File ID Utility Used By VxWorks ***************
-**
-** On most versions of unix, we can get a unique ID for a file by concatenating
-** the device number and the inode number.  But this does not work on VxWorks.
-** On VxWorks, a unique file id must be based on the canonical filename.
-**
-** A pointer to an instance of the following structure can be used as a
-** unique file ID in VxWorks.  Each instance of this structure contains
-** a copy of the canonical filename.  There is also a reference count.  
-** The structure is reclaimed when the number of pointers to it drops to
-** zero.
-**
-** There are never very many files open at one time and lookups are not
-** a performance-critical path, so it is sufficient to put these
-** structures on a linked list.
-*/
-struct vxworksFileId {
-  struct vxworksFileId *pNext;  /* Next in a list of them all */
-  int nRef;                     /* Number of references to this one */
-  int nName;                    /* Length of the zCanonicalName[] string */
-  char *zCanonicalName;         /* Canonical filename */
-};
-
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-/* 
-** All unique filenames are held on a linked list headed by this
-** variable:
-*/
-static struct vxworksFileId *vxworksFileList = 0;
-
-/*
-** Simplify a filename into its canonical form
-** by making the following changes:
-**
-**  * removing any trailing and duplicate /
-**  * convert /./ into just /
-**  * convert /A/../ where A is any simple name into just /
-**
-** Changes are made in-place.  Return the new name length.
-**
-** The original filename is in z[0..n-1].  Return the number of
-** characters in the simplified name.
-*/
-static int vxworksSimplifyName(char *z, int n){
-  int i, j;
-  while( n>1 && z[n-1]=='/' ){ n--; }
-  for(i=j=0; i<n; i++){
-    if( z[i]=='/' ){
-      if( z[i+1]=='/' ) continue;
-      if( z[i+1]=='.' && i+2<n && z[i+2]=='/' ){
-        i += 1;
-        continue;
-      }
-      if( z[i+1]=='.' && i+3<n && z[i+2]=='.' && z[i+3]=='/' ){
-        while( j>0 && z[j-1]!='/' ){ j--; }
-        if( j>0 ){ j--; }
-        i += 2;
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    z[j++] = z[i];
-  }
-  z[j] = 0;
-  return j;
-}
-
-/*
-** Find a unique file ID for the given absolute pathname.  Return
-** a pointer to the vxworksFileId object.  This pointer is the unique
-** file ID.
-**
-** The nRef field of the vxworksFileId object is incremented before
-** the object is returned.  A new vxworksFileId object is created
-** and added to the global list if necessary.
-**
-** If a memory allocation error occurs, return NULL.
-*/
-static struct vxworksFileId *vxworksFindFileId(const char *zAbsoluteName){
-  struct vxworksFileId *pNew;         /* search key and new file ID */
-  struct vxworksFileId *pCandidate;   /* For looping over existing file IDs */
-  int n;                              /* Length of zAbsoluteName string */
-
-  assert( zAbsoluteName[0]=='/' );
-  n = (int)strlen(zAbsoluteName);
-  pNew = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) + (n+1) );
-  if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew->zCanonicalName = (char*)&pNew[1];
-  memcpy(pNew->zCanonicalName, zAbsoluteName, n+1);
-  n = vxworksSimplifyName(pNew->zCanonicalName, n);
-
-  /* Search for an existing entry that matching the canonical name.
-  ** If found, increment the reference count and return a pointer to
-  ** the existing file ID.
-  */
-  unixEnterMutex();
-  for(pCandidate=vxworksFileList; pCandidate; pCandidate=pCandidate->pNext){
-    if( pCandidate->nName==n 
-     && memcmp(pCandidate->zCanonicalName, pNew->zCanonicalName, n)==0
-    ){
-       sqlite3_free(pNew);
-       pCandidate->nRef++;
-       unixLeaveMutex();
-       return pCandidate;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* No match was found.  We will make a new file ID */
-  pNew->nRef = 1;
-  pNew->nName = n;
-  pNew->pNext = vxworksFileList;
-  vxworksFileList = pNew;
-  unixLeaveMutex();
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** Decrement the reference count on a vxworksFileId object.  Free
-** the object when the reference count reaches zero.
-*/
-static void vxworksReleaseFileId(struct vxworksFileId *pId){
-  unixEnterMutex();
-  assert( pId->nRef>0 );
-  pId->nRef--;
-  if( pId->nRef==0 ){
-    struct vxworksFileId **pp;
-    for(pp=&vxworksFileList; *pp && *pp!=pId; pp = &((*pp)->pNext)){}
-    assert( *pp==pId );
-    *pp = pId->pNext;
-    sqlite3_free(pId);
-  }
-  unixLeaveMutex();
-}
-#endif /* OS_VXWORKS */
-/*************** End of Unique File ID Utility Used By VxWorks ****************
-******************************************************************************/
-
-
-/******************************************************************************
-*************************** Posix Advisory Locking ****************************
-**
-** POSIX advisory locks are broken by design.  ANSI STD 1003.1 (1996)
-** section 6.5.2.2 lines 483 through 490 specify that when a process
-** sets or clears a lock, that operation overrides any prior locks set
-** by the same process.  It does not explicitly say so, but this implies
-** that it overrides locks set by the same process using a different
-** file descriptor.  Consider this test case:
-**
-**       int fd1 = open("./file1", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644);
-**       int fd2 = open("./file2", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644);
-**
-** Suppose ./file1 and ./file2 are really the same file (because
-** one is a hard or symbolic link to the other) then if you set
-** an exclusive lock on fd1, then try to get an exclusive lock
-** on fd2, it works.  I would have expected the second lock to
-** fail since there was already a lock on the file due to fd1.
-** But not so.  Since both locks came from the same process, the
-** second overrides the first, even though they were on different
-** file descriptors opened on different file names.
-**
-** This means that we cannot use POSIX locks to synchronize file access
-** among competing threads of the same process.  POSIX locks will work fine
-** to synchronize access for threads in separate processes, but not
-** threads within the same process.
-**
-** To work around the problem, SQLite has to manage file locks internally
-** on its own.  Whenever a new database is opened, we have to find the
-** specific inode of the database file (the inode is determined by the
-** st_dev and st_ino fields of the stat structure that fstat() fills in)
-** and check for locks already existing on that inode.  When locks are
-** created or removed, we have to look at our own internal record of the
-** locks to see if another thread has previously set a lock on that same
-** inode.
-**
-** (Aside: The use of inode numbers as unique IDs does not work on VxWorks.
-** For VxWorks, we have to use the alternative unique ID system based on
-** canonical filename and implemented in the previous division.)
-**
-** The sqlite3_file structure for POSIX is no longer just an integer file
-** descriptor.  It is now a structure that holds the integer file
-** descriptor and a pointer to a structure that describes the internal
-** locks on the corresponding inode.  There is one locking structure
-** per inode, so if the same inode is opened twice, both unixFile structures
-** point to the same locking structure.  The locking structure keeps
-** a reference count (so we will know when to delete it) and a "cnt"
-** field that tells us its internal lock status.  cnt==0 means the
-** file is unlocked.  cnt==-1 means the file has an exclusive lock.
-** cnt>0 means there are cnt shared locks on the file.
-**
-** Any attempt to lock or unlock a file first checks the locking
-** structure.  The fcntl() system call is only invoked to set a 
-** POSIX lock if the internal lock structure transitions between
-** a locked and an unlocked state.
-**
-** But wait:  there are yet more problems with POSIX advisory locks.
-**
-** If you close a file descriptor that points to a file that has locks,
-** all locks on that file that are owned by the current process are
-** released.  To work around this problem, each unixFile structure contains
-** a pointer to an unixOpenCnt structure.  There is one unixOpenCnt structure
-** per open inode, which means that multiple unixFile can point to a single
-** unixOpenCnt.  When an attempt is made to close an unixFile, if there are
-** other unixFile open on the same inode that are holding locks, the call
-** to close() the file descriptor is deferred until all of the locks clear.
-** The unixOpenCnt structure keeps a list of file descriptors that need to
-** be closed and that list is walked (and cleared) when the last lock
-** clears.
-**
-** Yet another problem:  LinuxThreads do not play well with posix locks.
-**
-** Many older versions of linux use the LinuxThreads library which is
-** not posix compliant.  Under LinuxThreads, a lock created by thread
-** A cannot be modified or overridden by a different thread B.
-** Only thread A can modify the lock.  Locking behavior is correct
-** if the appliation uses the newer Native Posix Thread Library (NPTL)
-** on linux - with NPTL a lock created by thread A can override locks
-** in thread B.  But there is no way to know at compile-time which
-** threading library is being used.  So there is no way to know at
-** compile-time whether or not thread A can override locks on thread B.
-** We have to do a run-time check to discover the behavior of the
-** current process.
-**
-** On systems where thread A is unable to modify locks created by
-** thread B, we have to keep track of which thread created each
-** lock.  Hence there is an extra field in the key to the unixLockInfo
-** structure to record this information.  And on those systems it
-** is illegal to begin a transaction in one thread and finish it
-** in another.  For this latter restriction, there is no work-around.
-** It is a limitation of LinuxThreads.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Set or check the unixFile.tid field.  This field is set when an unixFile
-** is first opened.  All subsequent uses of the unixFile verify that the
-** same thread is operating on the unixFile.  Some operating systems do
-** not allow locks to be overridden by other threads and that restriction
-** means that sqlite3* database handles cannot be moved from one thread
-** to another while locks are held.
-**
-** Version 3.3.1 (2006-01-15):  unixFile can be moved from one thread to
-** another as long as we are running on a system that supports threads
-** overriding each others locks (which is now the most common behavior)
-** or if no locks are held.  But the unixFile.pLock field needs to be
-** recomputed because its key includes the thread-id.  See the 
-** transferOwnership() function below for additional information
-*/
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__)
-# define SET_THREADID(X)   (X)->tid = pthread_self()
-# define CHECK_THREADID(X) (threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks==0 && \
-                            !pthread_equal((X)->tid, pthread_self()))
-#else
-# define SET_THREADID(X)
-# define CHECK_THREADID(X) 0
-#endif
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure serves as the key used
-** to locate a particular unixOpenCnt structure given its inode.  This
-** is the same as the unixLockKey except that the thread ID is omitted.
-*/
-struct unixFileId {
-  dev_t dev;                  /* Device number */
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-  struct vxworksFileId *pId;  /* Unique file ID for vxworks. */
-#else
-  ino_t ino;                  /* Inode number */
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure serves as the key used
-** to locate a particular unixLockInfo structure given its inode.
-**
-** If threads cannot override each others locks (LinuxThreads), then we
-** set the unixLockKey.tid field to the thread ID.  If threads can override
-** each others locks (Posix and NPTL) then tid is always set to zero.
-** tid is omitted if we compile without threading support or on an OS
-** other than linux.
-*/
-struct unixLockKey {
-  struct unixFileId fid;  /* Unique identifier for the file */
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__)
-  pthread_t tid;  /* Thread ID of lock owner. Zero if not using LinuxThreads */
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure is allocated for each open
-** inode.  Or, on LinuxThreads, there is one of these structures for
-** each inode opened by each thread.
-**
-** A single inode can have multiple file descriptors, so each unixFile
-** structure contains a pointer to an instance of this object and this
-** object keeps a count of the number of unixFile pointing to it.
-*/
-struct unixLockInfo {
-  struct unixLockKey lockKey;     /* The lookup key */
-  int cnt;                        /* Number of SHARED locks held */
-  int locktype;                   /* One of SHARED_LOCK, RESERVED_LOCK etc. */
-  int nRef;                       /* Number of pointers to this structure */
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE)
-  unsigned long long sharedByte;  /* for AFP simulated shared lock */
-#endif
-  struct unixLockInfo *pNext;     /* List of all unixLockInfo objects */
-  struct unixLockInfo *pPrev;     /*    .... doubly linked */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure is allocated for each open
-** inode.  This structure keeps track of the number of locks on that
-** inode.  If a close is attempted against an inode that is holding
-** locks, the close is deferred until all locks clear by adding the
-** file descriptor to be closed to the pending list.
-**
-** TODO:  Consider changing this so that there is only a single file
-** descriptor for each open file, even when it is opened multiple times.
-** The close() system call would only occur when the last database
-** using the file closes.
-*/
-struct unixOpenCnt {
-  struct unixFileId fileId;   /* The lookup key */
-  int nRef;                   /* Number of pointers to this structure */
-  int nLock;                  /* Number of outstanding locks */
-  UnixUnusedFd *pUnused;      /* Unused file descriptors to close */
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-  sem_t *pSem;                     /* Named POSIX semaphore */
-  char aSemName[MAX_PATHNAME+2];   /* Name of that semaphore */
-#endif
-  struct unixOpenCnt *pNext, *pPrev;   /* List of all unixOpenCnt objects */
-};
-
-/*
-** Lists of all unixLockInfo and unixOpenCnt objects.  These used to be hash
-** tables.  But the number of objects is rarely more than a dozen and
-** never exceeds a few thousand.  And lookup is not on a critical
-** path so a simple linked list will suffice.
-*/
-static struct unixLockInfo *lockList = 0;
-static struct unixOpenCnt *openList = 0;
-
-/*
-** This variable remembers whether or not threads can override each others
-** locks.
-**
-**    0:  No.  Threads cannot override each others locks.  (LinuxThreads)
-**    1:  Yes.  Threads can override each others locks.  (Posix & NLPT)
-**   -1:  We don't know yet.
-**
-** On some systems, we know at compile-time if threads can override each
-** others locks.  On those systems, the SQLITE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK macro
-** will be set appropriately.  On other systems, we have to check at
-** runtime.  On these latter systems, SQLTIE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK is
-** undefined.
-**
-** This variable normally has file scope only.  But during testing, we make
-** it a global so that the test code can change its value in order to verify
-** that the right stuff happens in either case.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__)
-#  ifndef SQLITE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK
-#    define SQLITE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK -1
-#  endif
-#  ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-int threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks = SQLITE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK;
-#  else
-static int threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks = SQLITE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK;
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This structure holds information passed into individual test
-** threads by the testThreadLockingBehavior() routine.
-*/
-struct threadTestData {
-  int fd;                /* File to be locked */
-  struct flock lock;     /* The locking operation */
-  int result;            /* Result of the locking operation */
-};
-
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__)
-/*
-** This function is used as the main routine for a thread launched by
-** testThreadLockingBehavior(). It tests whether the shared-lock obtained
-** by the main thread in testThreadLockingBehavior() conflicts with a
-** hypothetical write-lock obtained by this thread on the same file.
-**
-** The write-lock is not actually acquired, as this is not possible if 
-** the file is open in read-only mode (see ticket #3472).
-*/ 
-static void *threadLockingTest(void *pArg){
-  struct threadTestData *pData = (struct threadTestData*)pArg;
-  pData->result = fcntl(pData->fd, F_GETLK, &pData->lock);
-  return pArg;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__) */
-
-
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__)
-/*
-** This procedure attempts to determine whether or not threads
-** can override each others locks then sets the 
-** threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks variable appropriately.
-*/
-static void testThreadLockingBehavior(int fd_orig){
-  int fd;
-  int rc;
-  struct threadTestData d;
-  struct flock l;
-  pthread_t t;
-
-  fd = dup(fd_orig);
-  if( fd<0 ) return;
-  memset(&l, 0, sizeof(l));
-  l.l_type = F_RDLCK;
-  l.l_len = 1;
-  l.l_start = 0;
-  l.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-  rc = fcntl(fd_orig, F_SETLK, &l);
-  if( rc!=0 ) return;
-  memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
-  d.fd = fd;
-  d.lock = l;
-  d.lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
-  if( pthread_create(&t, 0, threadLockingTest, &d)==0 ){
-    pthread_join(t, 0);
-  }
-  close(fd);
-  if( d.result!=0 ) return;
-  threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks = (d.lock.l_type==F_UNLCK);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__) */
-
-/*
-** Release a unixLockInfo structure previously allocated by findLockInfo().
-**
-** The mutex entered using the unixEnterMutex() function must be held
-** when this function is called.
-*/
-static void releaseLockInfo(struct unixLockInfo *pLock){
-  assert( unixMutexHeld() );
-  if( pLock ){
-    pLock->nRef--;
-    if( pLock->nRef==0 ){
-      if( pLock->pPrev ){
-        assert( pLock->pPrev->pNext==pLock );
-        pLock->pPrev->pNext = pLock->pNext;
-      }else{
-        assert( lockList==pLock );
-        lockList = pLock->pNext;
-      }
-      if( pLock->pNext ){
-        assert( pLock->pNext->pPrev==pLock );
-        pLock->pNext->pPrev = pLock->pPrev;
-      }
-      sqlite3_free(pLock);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Release a unixOpenCnt structure previously allocated by findLockInfo().
-**
-** The mutex entered using the unixEnterMutex() function must be held
-** when this function is called.
-*/
-static void releaseOpenCnt(struct unixOpenCnt *pOpen){
-  assert( unixMutexHeld() );
-  if( pOpen ){
-    pOpen->nRef--;
-    if( pOpen->nRef==0 ){
-      if( pOpen->pPrev ){
-        assert( pOpen->pPrev->pNext==pOpen );
-        pOpen->pPrev->pNext = pOpen->pNext;
-      }else{
-        assert( openList==pOpen );
-        openList = pOpen->pNext;
-      }
-      if( pOpen->pNext ){
-        assert( pOpen->pNext->pPrev==pOpen );
-        pOpen->pNext->pPrev = pOpen->pPrev;
-      }
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__)
-      assert( !pOpen->pUnused || threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks==0 );
-#endif
-
-      /* If pOpen->pUnused is not null, then memory and file-descriptors
-      ** are leaked.
-      **
-      ** This will only happen if, under Linuxthreads, the user has opened
-      ** a transaction in one thread, then attempts to close the database
-      ** handle from another thread (without first unlocking the db file).
-      ** This is a misuse.  */
-      sqlite3_free(pOpen);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Given a file descriptor, locate unixLockInfo and unixOpenCnt structures that
-** describes that file descriptor.  Create new ones if necessary.  The
-** return values might be uninitialized if an error occurs.
-**
-** The mutex entered using the unixEnterMutex() function must be held
-** when this function is called.
-**
-** Return an appropriate error code.
-*/
-static int findLockInfo(
-  unixFile *pFile,               /* Unix file with file desc used in the key */
-  struct unixLockInfo **ppLock,  /* Return the unixLockInfo structure here */
-  struct unixOpenCnt **ppOpen    /* Return the unixOpenCnt structure here */
-){
-  int rc;                        /* System call return code */
-  int fd;                        /* The file descriptor for pFile */
-  struct unixLockKey lockKey;    /* Lookup key for the unixLockInfo structure */
-  struct unixFileId fileId;      /* Lookup key for the unixOpenCnt struct */
-  struct stat statbuf;           /* Low-level file information */
-  struct unixLockInfo *pLock = 0;/* Candidate unixLockInfo object */
-  struct unixOpenCnt *pOpen;     /* Candidate unixOpenCnt object */
-
-  assert( unixMutexHeld() );
-
-  /* Get low-level information about the file that we can used to
-  ** create a unique name for the file.
-  */
-  fd = pFile->h;
-  rc = fstat(fd, &statbuf);
-  if( rc!=0 ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-#ifdef EOVERFLOW
-    if( pFile->lastErrno==EOVERFLOW ) return SQLITE_NOLFS;
-#endif
-    return SQLITE_IOERR;
-  }
-
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-  /* On OS X on an msdos filesystem, the inode number is reported
-  ** incorrectly for zero-size files.  See ticket #3260.  To work
-  ** around this problem (we consider it a bug in OS X, not SQLite)
-  ** we always increase the file size to 1 by writing a single byte
-  ** prior to accessing the inode number.  The one byte written is
-  ** an ASCII 'S' character which also happens to be the first byte
-  ** in the header of every SQLite database.  In this way, if there
-  ** is a race condition such that another thread has already populated
-  ** the first page of the database, no damage is done.
-  */
-  if( statbuf.st_size==0 && (pFile->fsFlags & SQLITE_FSFLAGS_IS_MSDOS)!=0 ){
-    rc = write(fd, "S", 1);
-    if( rc!=1 ){
-      pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-      return SQLITE_IOERR;
-    }
-    rc = fstat(fd, &statbuf);
-    if( rc!=0 ){
-      pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-      return SQLITE_IOERR;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  memset(&lockKey, 0, sizeof(lockKey));
-  lockKey.fid.dev = statbuf.st_dev;
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-  lockKey.fid.pId = pFile->pId;
-#else
-  lockKey.fid.ino = statbuf.st_ino;
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__)
-  if( threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks<0 ){
-    testThreadLockingBehavior(fd);
-  }
-  lockKey.tid = threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks ? 0 : pthread_self();
-#endif
-  fileId = lockKey.fid;
-  if( ppLock!=0 ){
-    pLock = lockList;
-    while( pLock && memcmp(&lockKey, &pLock->lockKey, sizeof(lockKey)) ){
-      pLock = pLock->pNext;
-    }
-    if( pLock==0 ){
-      pLock = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pLock) );
-      if( pLock==0 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        goto exit_findlockinfo;
-      }
-      memcpy(&pLock->lockKey,&lockKey,sizeof(lockKey));
-      pLock->nRef = 1;
-      pLock->cnt = 0;
-      pLock->locktype = 0;
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE)
-      pLock->sharedByte = 0;
-#endif
-      pLock->pNext = lockList;
-      pLock->pPrev = 0;
-      if( lockList ) lockList->pPrev = pLock;
-      lockList = pLock;
-    }else{
-      pLock->nRef++;
-    }
-    *ppLock = pLock;
-  }
-  if( ppOpen!=0 ){
-    pOpen = openList;
-    while( pOpen && memcmp(&fileId, &pOpen->fileId, sizeof(fileId)) ){
-      pOpen = pOpen->pNext;
-    }
-    if( pOpen==0 ){
-      pOpen = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pOpen) );
-      if( pOpen==0 ){
-        releaseLockInfo(pLock);
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        goto exit_findlockinfo;
-      }
-      memset(pOpen, 0, sizeof(*pOpen));
-      pOpen->fileId = fileId;
-      pOpen->nRef = 1;
-      pOpen->pNext = openList;
-      if( openList ) openList->pPrev = pOpen;
-      openList = pOpen;
-    }else{
-      pOpen->nRef++;
-    }
-    *ppOpen = pOpen;
-  }
-
-exit_findlockinfo:
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** If we are currently in a different thread than the thread that the
-** unixFile argument belongs to, then transfer ownership of the unixFile
-** over to the current thread.
-**
-** A unixFile is only owned by a thread on systems that use LinuxThreads.
-**
-** Ownership transfer is only allowed if the unixFile is currently unlocked.
-** If the unixFile is locked and an ownership is wrong, then return
-** SQLITE_MISUSE.  SQLITE_OK is returned if everything works.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__)
-static int transferOwnership(unixFile *pFile){
-  int rc;
-  pthread_t hSelf;
-  if( threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks ){
-    /* Ownership transfers not needed on this system */
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  hSelf = pthread_self();
-  if( pthread_equal(pFile->tid, hSelf) ){
-    /* We are still in the same thread */
-    OSTRACE1("No-transfer, same thread\n");
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  if( pFile->locktype!=NO_LOCK ){
-    /* We cannot change ownership while we are holding a lock! */
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  OSTRACE4("Transfer ownership of %d from %d to %d\n",
-            pFile->h, pFile->tid, hSelf);
-  pFile->tid = hSelf;
-  if (pFile->pLock != NULL) {
-    releaseLockInfo(pFile->pLock);
-    rc = findLockInfo(pFile, &pFile->pLock, 0);
-    OSTRACE5("LOCK    %d is now %s(%s,%d)\n", pFile->h,
-           locktypeName(pFile->locktype),
-           locktypeName(pFile->pLock->locktype), pFile->pLock->cnt);
-    return rc;
-  } else {
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-}
-#else  /* if not SQLITE_THREADSAFE */
-  /* On single-threaded builds, ownership transfer is a no-op */
-# define transferOwnership(X) SQLITE_OK
-#endif /* SQLITE_THREADSAFE */
-
-
-/*
-** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
-** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, set *pResOut
-** to a non-zero value otherwise *pResOut is set to zero.  The return value
-** is set to SQLITE_OK unless an I/O error occurs during lock checking.
-*/
-static int unixCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int reserved = 0;
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK; );
-
-  assert( pFile );
-  unixEnterMutex(); /* Because pFile->pLock is shared across threads */
-
-  /* Check if a thread in this process holds such a lock */
-  if( pFile->pLock->locktype>SHARED_LOCK ){
-    reserved = 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Otherwise see if some other process holds it.
-  */
-#ifndef __DJGPP__
-  if( !reserved ){
-    struct flock lock;
-    lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-    lock.l_start = RESERVED_BYTE;
-    lock.l_len = 1;
-    lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
-    if (-1 == fcntl(pFile->h, F_GETLK, &lock)) {
-      int tErrno = errno;
-      rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK);
-      pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-    } else if( lock.l_type!=F_UNLCK ){
-      reserved = 1;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  
-  unixLeaveMutex();
-  OSTRACE4("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d %d (unix)\n", pFile->h, rc, reserved);
-
-  *pResOut = reserved;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lock the file with the lock specified by parameter locktype - one
-** of the following:
-**
-**     (1) SHARED_LOCK
-**     (2) RESERVED_LOCK
-**     (3) PENDING_LOCK
-**     (4) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK
-**
-** Sometimes when requesting one lock state, additional lock states
-** are inserted in between.  The locking might fail on one of the later
-** transitions leaving the lock state different from what it started but
-** still short of its goal.  The following chart shows the allowed
-** transitions and the inserted intermediate states:
-**
-**    UNLOCKED -> SHARED
-**    SHARED -> RESERVED
-**    SHARED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    RESERVED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    PENDING -> EXCLUSIVE
-**
-** This routine will only increase a lock.  Use the sqlite3OsUnlock()
-** routine to lower a locking level.
-*/
-static int unixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype){
-  /* The following describes the implementation of the various locks and
-  ** lock transitions in terms of the POSIX advisory shared and exclusive
-  ** lock primitives (called read-locks and write-locks below, to avoid
-  ** confusion with SQLite lock names). The algorithms are complicated
-  ** slightly in order to be compatible with windows systems simultaneously
-  ** accessing the same database file, in case that is ever required.
-  **
-  ** Symbols defined in os.h indentify the 'pending byte' and the 'reserved
-  ** byte', each single bytes at well known offsets, and the 'shared byte
-  ** range', a range of 510 bytes at a well known offset.
-  **
-  ** To obtain a SHARED lock, a read-lock is obtained on the 'pending
-  ** byte'.  If this is successful, a random byte from the 'shared byte
-  ** range' is read-locked and the lock on the 'pending byte' released.
-  **
-  ** A process may only obtain a RESERVED lock after it has a SHARED lock.
-  ** A RESERVED lock is implemented by grabbing a write-lock on the
-  ** 'reserved byte'. 
-  **
-  ** A process may only obtain a PENDING lock after it has obtained a
-  ** SHARED lock. A PENDING lock is implemented by obtaining a write-lock
-  ** on the 'pending byte'. This ensures that no new SHARED locks can be
-  ** obtained, but existing SHARED locks are allowed to persist. A process
-  ** does not have to obtain a RESERVED lock on the way to a PENDING lock.
-  ** This property is used by the algorithm for rolling back a journal file
-  ** after a crash.
-  **
-  ** An EXCLUSIVE lock, obtained after a PENDING lock is held, is
-  ** implemented by obtaining a write-lock on the entire 'shared byte
-  ** range'. Since all other locks require a read-lock on one of the bytes
-  ** within this range, this ensures that no other locks are held on the
-  ** database. 
-  **
-  ** The reason a single byte cannot be used instead of the 'shared byte
-  ** range' is that some versions of windows do not support read-locks. By
-  ** locking a random byte from a range, concurrent SHARED locks may exist
-  ** even if the locking primitive used is always a write-lock.
-  */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  struct unixLockInfo *pLock = pFile->pLock;
-  struct flock lock;
-  int s = 0;
-  int tErrno = 0;
-
-  assert( pFile );
-  OSTRACE7("LOCK    %d %s was %s(%s,%d) pid=%d (unix)\n", pFile->h,
-      locktypeName(locktype), locktypeName(pFile->locktype),
-      locktypeName(pLock->locktype), pLock->cnt , getpid());
-
-  /* If there is already a lock of this type or more restrictive on the
-  ** unixFile, do nothing. Don't use the end_lock: exit path, as
-  ** unixEnterMutex() hasn't been called yet.
-  */
-  if( pFile->locktype>=locktype ){
-    OSTRACE3("LOCK    %d %s ok (already held) (unix)\n", pFile->h,
-            locktypeName(locktype));
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure the locking sequence is correct.
-  **  (1) We never move from unlocked to anything higher than shared lock.
-  **  (2) SQLite never explicitly requests a pendig lock.
-  **  (3) A shared lock is always held when a reserve lock is requested.
-  */
-  assert( pFile->locktype!=NO_LOCK || locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-  assert( locktype!=PENDING_LOCK );
-  assert( locktype!=RESERVED_LOCK || pFile->locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-
-  /* This mutex is needed because pFile->pLock is shared across threads
-  */
-  unixEnterMutex();
-
-  /* Make sure the current thread owns the pFile.
-  */
-  rc = transferOwnership(pFile);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    unixLeaveMutex();
-    return rc;
-  }
-  pLock = pFile->pLock;
-
-  /* If some thread using this PID has a lock via a different unixFile*
-  ** handle that precludes the requested lock, return BUSY.
-  */
-  if( (pFile->locktype!=pLock->locktype && 
-          (pLock->locktype>=PENDING_LOCK || locktype>SHARED_LOCK))
-  ){
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-    goto end_lock;
-  }
-
-  /* If a SHARED lock is requested, and some thread using this PID already
-  ** has a SHARED or RESERVED lock, then increment reference counts and
-  ** return SQLITE_OK.
-  */
-  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK && 
-      (pLock->locktype==SHARED_LOCK || pLock->locktype==RESERVED_LOCK) ){
-    assert( locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-    assert( pFile->locktype==0 );
-    assert( pLock->cnt>0 );
-    pFile->locktype = SHARED_LOCK;
-    pLock->cnt++;
-    pFile->pOpen->nLock++;
-    goto end_lock;
-  }
-
-
-  /* A PENDING lock is needed before acquiring a SHARED lock and before
-  ** acquiring an EXCLUSIVE lock.  For the SHARED lock, the PENDING will
-  ** be released.
-  */
-  lock.l_len = 1L;
-  lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK 
-      || (locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && pFile->locktype<PENDING_LOCK)
-  ){
-    lock.l_type = (locktype==SHARED_LOCK?F_RDLCK:F_WRLCK);
-    lock.l_start = PENDING_BYTE;
-    s = fcntl(pFile->h, F_SETLK, &lock);
-    if( s==(-1) ){
-      tErrno = errno;
-      rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK);
-      if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-        pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-      }
-      goto end_lock;
-    }
-  }
-
-
-  /* If control gets to this point, then actually go ahead and make
-  ** operating system calls for the specified lock.
-  */
-  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK ){
-    assert( pLock->cnt==0 );
-    assert( pLock->locktype==0 );
-
-    /* Now get the read-lock */
-    lock.l_start = SHARED_FIRST;
-    lock.l_len = SHARED_SIZE;
-    if( (s = fcntl(pFile->h, F_SETLK, &lock))==(-1) ){
-      tErrno = errno;
-    }
-    /* Drop the temporary PENDING lock */
-    lock.l_start = PENDING_BYTE;
-    lock.l_len = 1L;
-    lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
-    if( fcntl(pFile->h, F_SETLK, &lock)!=0 ){
-      if( s != -1 ){
-        /* This could happen with a network mount */
-        tErrno = errno; 
-        rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK); 
-        if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-          pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-        }
-        goto end_lock;
-      }
-    }
-    if( s==(-1) ){
-      rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK);
-      if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-        pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-      }
-    }else{
-      pFile->locktype = SHARED_LOCK;
-      pFile->pOpen->nLock++;
-      pLock->cnt = 1;
-    }
-  }else if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && pLock->cnt>1 ){
-    /* We are trying for an exclusive lock but another thread in this
-    ** same process is still holding a shared lock. */
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }else{
-    /* The request was for a RESERVED or EXCLUSIVE lock.  It is
-    ** assumed that there is a SHARED or greater lock on the file
-    ** already.
-    */
-    assert( 0!=pFile->locktype );
-    lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
-    switch( locktype ){
-      case RESERVED_LOCK:
-        lock.l_start = RESERVED_BYTE;
-        break;
-      case EXCLUSIVE_LOCK:
-        lock.l_start = SHARED_FIRST;
-        lock.l_len = SHARED_SIZE;
-        break;
-      default:
-        assert(0);
-    }
-    s = fcntl(pFile->h, F_SETLK, &lock);
-    if( s==(-1) ){
-      tErrno = errno;
-      rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK);
-      if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-        pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  /* Set up the transaction-counter change checking flags when
-  ** transitioning from a SHARED to a RESERVED lock.  The change
-  ** from SHARED to RESERVED marks the beginning of a normal
-  ** write operation (not a hot journal rollback).
-  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK
-   && pFile->locktype<=SHARED_LOCK
-   && locktype==RESERVED_LOCK
-  ){
-    pFile->transCntrChng = 0;
-    pFile->dbUpdate = 0;
-    pFile->inNormalWrite = 1;
-  }
-#endif
-
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pFile->locktype = locktype;
-    pLock->locktype = locktype;
-  }else if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
-    pFile->locktype = PENDING_LOCK;
-    pLock->locktype = PENDING_LOCK;
-  }
-
-end_lock:
-  unixLeaveMutex();
-  OSTRACE4("LOCK    %d %s %s (unix)\n", pFile->h, locktypeName(locktype), 
-      rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed");
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close all file descriptors accumuated in the unixOpenCnt->pUnused list.
-** If all such file descriptors are closed without error, the list is
-** cleared and SQLITE_OK returned.
-**
-** Otherwise, if an error occurs, then successfully closed file descriptor
-** entries are removed from the list, and SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE returned. 
-** not deleted and SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE returned.
-*/ 
-static int closePendingFds(unixFile *pFile){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  struct unixOpenCnt *pOpen = pFile->pOpen;
-  UnixUnusedFd *pError = 0;
-  UnixUnusedFd *p;
-  UnixUnusedFd *pNext;
-  for(p=pOpen->pUnused; p; p=pNext){
-    pNext = p->pNext;
-    if( close(p->fd) ){
-      pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-      rc = SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE;
-      p->pNext = pError;
-      pError = p;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3_free(p);
-    }
-  }
-  pOpen->pUnused = pError;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add the file descriptor used by file handle pFile to the corresponding
-** pUnused list.
-*/
-static void setPendingFd(unixFile *pFile){
-  struct unixOpenCnt *pOpen = pFile->pOpen;
-  UnixUnusedFd *p = pFile->pUnused;
-  p->pNext = pOpen->pUnused;
-  pOpen->pUnused = p;
-  pFile->h = -1;
-  pFile->pUnused = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lower the locking level on file descriptor pFile to locktype.  locktype
-** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
-**
-** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
-** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
-** 
-** If handleNFSUnlock is true, then on downgrading an EXCLUSIVE_LOCK to SHARED
-** the byte range is divided into 2 parts and the first part is unlocked then
-** set to a read lock, then the other part is simply unlocked.  This works 
-** around a bug in BSD NFS lockd (also seen on MacOSX 10.3+) that fails to 
-** remove the write lock on a region when a read lock is set.
-*/
-static int _posixUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype, int handleNFSUnlock){
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  struct unixLockInfo *pLock;
-  struct flock lock;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int h;
-  int tErrno;                      /* Error code from system call errors */
-
-  assert( pFile );
-  OSTRACE7("UNLOCK  %d %d was %d(%d,%d) pid=%d (unix)\n", pFile->h, locktype,
-      pFile->locktype, pFile->pLock->locktype, pFile->pLock->cnt, getpid());
-
-  assert( locktype<=SHARED_LOCK );
-  if( pFile->locktype<=locktype ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  if( CHECK_THREADID(pFile) ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  unixEnterMutex();
-  h = pFile->h;
-  pLock = pFile->pLock;
-  assert( pLock->cnt!=0 );
-  if( pFile->locktype>SHARED_LOCK ){
-    assert( pLock->locktype==pFile->locktype );
-    SimulateIOErrorBenign(1);
-    SimulateIOError( h=(-1) )
-    SimulateIOErrorBenign(0);
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    /* When reducing a lock such that other processes can start
-    ** reading the database file again, make sure that the
-    ** transaction counter was updated if any part of the database
-    ** file changed.  If the transaction counter is not updated,
-    ** other connections to the same file might not realize that
-    ** the file has changed and hence might not know to flush their
-    ** cache.  The use of a stale cache can lead to database corruption.
-    */
-    assert( pFile->inNormalWrite==0
-         || pFile->dbUpdate==0
-         || pFile->transCntrChng==1 );
-    pFile->inNormalWrite = 0;
-#endif
-
-    /* downgrading to a shared lock on NFS involves clearing the write lock
-    ** before establishing the readlock - to avoid a race condition we downgrade
-    ** the lock in 2 blocks, so that part of the range will be covered by a 
-    ** write lock until the rest is covered by a read lock:
-    **  1:   [WWWWW]
-    **  2:   [....W]
-    **  3:   [RRRRW]
-    **  4:   [RRRR.]
-    */
-    if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK ){
-      if( handleNFSUnlock ){
-        off_t divSize = SHARED_SIZE - 1;
-        
-        lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
-        lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-        lock.l_start = SHARED_FIRST;
-        lock.l_len = divSize;
-        if( fcntl(h, F_SETLK, &lock)==(-1) ){
-          tErrno = errno;
-          rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK);
-          if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-            pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-          }
-          goto end_unlock;
-        }
-        lock.l_type = F_RDLCK;
-        lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-        lock.l_start = SHARED_FIRST;
-        lock.l_len = divSize;
-        if( fcntl(h, F_SETLK, &lock)==(-1) ){
-          tErrno = errno;
-          rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK);
-          if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-            pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-          }
-          goto end_unlock;
-        }
-        lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
-        lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-        lock.l_start = SHARED_FIRST+divSize;
-        lock.l_len = SHARED_SIZE-divSize;
-        if( fcntl(h, F_SETLK, &lock)==(-1) ){
-          tErrno = errno;
-          rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK);
-          if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-            pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-          }
-          goto end_unlock;
-        }
-      }else{
-        lock.l_type = F_RDLCK;
-        lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-        lock.l_start = SHARED_FIRST;
-        lock.l_len = SHARED_SIZE;
-        if( fcntl(h, F_SETLK, &lock)==(-1) ){
-          tErrno = errno;
-          rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK);
-          if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-            pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-          }
-          goto end_unlock;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
-    lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-    lock.l_start = PENDING_BYTE;
-    lock.l_len = 2L;  assert( PENDING_BYTE+1==RESERVED_BYTE );
-    if( fcntl(h, F_SETLK, &lock)!=(-1) ){
-      pLock->locktype = SHARED_LOCK;
-    }else{
-      tErrno = errno;
-      rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK);
-      if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-        pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-      }
-      goto end_unlock;
-    }
-  }
-  if( locktype==NO_LOCK ){
-    struct unixOpenCnt *pOpen;
-
-    /* Decrement the shared lock counter.  Release the lock using an
-    ** OS call only when all threads in this same process have released
-    ** the lock.
-    */
-    pLock->cnt--;
-    if( pLock->cnt==0 ){
-      lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
-      lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-      lock.l_start = lock.l_len = 0L;
-      SimulateIOErrorBenign(1);
-      SimulateIOError( h=(-1) )
-      SimulateIOErrorBenign(0);
-      if( fcntl(h, F_SETLK, &lock)!=(-1) ){
-        pLock->locktype = NO_LOCK;
-      }else{
-        tErrno = errno;
-        rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK);
-        if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-          pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-        }
-        pLock->locktype = NO_LOCK;
-        pFile->locktype = NO_LOCK;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Decrement the count of locks against this same file.  When the
-    ** count reaches zero, close any other file descriptors whose close
-    ** was deferred because of outstanding locks.
-    */
-    pOpen = pFile->pOpen;
-    pOpen->nLock--;
-    assert( pOpen->nLock>=0 );
-    if( pOpen->nLock==0 ){
-      int rc2 = closePendingFds(pFile);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = rc2;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-       
-end_unlock:
-  unixLeaveMutex();
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) pFile->locktype = locktype;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lower the locking level on file descriptor pFile to locktype.  locktype
-** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
-**
-** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
-** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
-*/
-static int unixUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype){
-  return _posixUnlock(id, locktype, 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** This function performs the parts of the "close file" operation 
-** common to all locking schemes. It closes the directory and file
-** handles, if they are valid, and sets all fields of the unixFile
-** structure to 0.
-**
-** It is *not* necessary to hold the mutex when this routine is called,
-** even on VxWorks.  A mutex will be acquired on VxWorks by the
-** vxworksReleaseFileId() routine.
-*/
-static int closeUnixFile(sqlite3_file *id){
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  if( pFile ){
-    if( pFile->dirfd>=0 ){
-      int err = close(pFile->dirfd);
-      if( err ){
-        pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-        return SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE;
-      }else{
-        pFile->dirfd=-1;
-      }
-    }
-    if( pFile->h>=0 ){
-      int err = close(pFile->h);
-      if( err ){
-        pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-        return SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE;
-      }
-    }
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-    if( pFile->pId ){
-      if( pFile->isDelete ){
-        unlink(pFile->pId->zCanonicalName);
-      }
-      vxworksReleaseFileId(pFile->pId);
-      pFile->pId = 0;
-    }
-#endif
-    OSTRACE2("CLOSE   %-3d\n", pFile->h);
-    OpenCounter(-1);
-    sqlite3_free(pFile->pUnused);
-    memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a file.
-*/
-static int unixClose(sqlite3_file *id){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( id ){
-    unixFile *pFile = (unixFile *)id;
-    unixUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
-    unixEnterMutex();
-    if( pFile->pOpen && pFile->pOpen->nLock ){
-      /* If there are outstanding locks, do not actually close the file just
-      ** yet because that would clear those locks.  Instead, add the file
-      ** descriptor to pOpen->pUnused list.  It will be automatically closed 
-      ** when the last lock is cleared.
-      */
-      setPendingFd(pFile);
-    }
-    releaseLockInfo(pFile->pLock);
-    releaseOpenCnt(pFile->pOpen);
-    rc = closeUnixFile(id);
-    unixLeaveMutex();
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/************** End of the posix advisory lock implementation *****************
-******************************************************************************/
-
-/******************************************************************************
-****************************** No-op Locking **********************************
-**
-** Of the various locking implementations available, this is by far the
-** simplest:  locking is ignored.  No attempt is made to lock the database
-** file for reading or writing.
-**
-** This locking mode is appropriate for use on read-only databases
-** (ex: databases that are burned into CD-ROM, for example.)  It can
-** also be used if the application employs some external mechanism to
-** prevent simultaneous access of the same database by two or more
-** database connections.  But there is a serious risk of database
-** corruption if this locking mode is used in situations where multiple
-** database connections are accessing the same database file at the same
-** time and one or more of those connections are writing.
-*/
-
-static int nolockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *NotUsed, int *pResOut){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  *pResOut = 0;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-static int nolockLock(sqlite3_file *NotUsed, int NotUsed2){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-static int nolockUnlock(sqlite3_file *NotUsed, int NotUsed2){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close the file.
-*/
-static int nolockClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
-  return closeUnixFile(id);
-}
-
-/******************* End of the no-op lock implementation *********************
-******************************************************************************/
-
-/******************************************************************************
-************************* Begin dot-file Locking ******************************
-**
-** The dotfile locking implementation uses the existance of separate lock
-** files in order to control access to the database.  This works on just
-** about every filesystem imaginable.  But there are serious downsides:
-**
-**    (1)  There is zero concurrency.  A single reader blocks all other
-**         connections from reading or writing the database.
-**
-**    (2)  An application crash or power loss can leave stale lock files
-**         sitting around that need to be cleared manually.
-**
-** Nevertheless, a dotlock is an appropriate locking mode for use if no
-** other locking strategy is available.
-**
-** Dotfile locking works by creating a file in the same directory as the
-** database and with the same name but with a ".lock" extension added.
-** The existance of a lock file implies an EXCLUSIVE lock.  All other lock
-** types (SHARED, RESERVED, PENDING) are mapped into EXCLUSIVE.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The file suffix added to the data base filename in order to create the
-** lock file.
-*/
-#define DOTLOCK_SUFFIX ".lock"
-
-/*
-** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
-** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, set *pResOut
-** to a non-zero value otherwise *pResOut is set to zero.  The return value
-** is set to SQLITE_OK unless an I/O error occurs during lock checking.
-**
-** In dotfile locking, either a lock exists or it does not.  So in this
-** variation of CheckReservedLock(), *pResOut is set to true if any lock
-** is held on the file and false if the file is unlocked.
-*/
-static int dotlockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut) {
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int reserved = 0;
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK; );
-  
-  assert( pFile );
-
-  /* Check if a thread in this process holds such a lock */
-  if( pFile->locktype>SHARED_LOCK ){
-    /* Either this connection or some other connection in the same process
-    ** holds a lock on the file.  No need to check further. */
-    reserved = 1;
-  }else{
-    /* The lock is held if and only if the lockfile exists */
-    const char *zLockFile = (const char*)pFile->lockingContext;
-    reserved = access(zLockFile, 0)==0;
-  }
-  OSTRACE4("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d %d (dotlock)\n", pFile->h, rc, reserved);
-  *pResOut = reserved;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lock the file with the lock specified by parameter locktype - one
-** of the following:
-**
-**     (1) SHARED_LOCK
-**     (2) RESERVED_LOCK
-**     (3) PENDING_LOCK
-**     (4) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK
-**
-** Sometimes when requesting one lock state, additional lock states
-** are inserted in between.  The locking might fail on one of the later
-** transitions leaving the lock state different from what it started but
-** still short of its goal.  The following chart shows the allowed
-** transitions and the inserted intermediate states:
-**
-**    UNLOCKED -> SHARED
-**    SHARED -> RESERVED
-**    SHARED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    RESERVED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    PENDING -> EXCLUSIVE
-**
-** This routine will only increase a lock.  Use the sqlite3OsUnlock()
-** routine to lower a locking level.
-**
-** With dotfile locking, we really only support state (4): EXCLUSIVE.
-** But we track the other locking levels internally.
-*/
-static int dotlockLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  int fd;
-  char *zLockFile = (char *)pFile->lockingContext;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-
-  /* If we have any lock, then the lock file already exists.  All we have
-  ** to do is adjust our internal record of the lock level.
-  */
-  if( pFile->locktype > NO_LOCK ){
-    pFile->locktype = locktype;
-#if !OS_VXWORKS
-    /* Always update the timestamp on the old file */
-    utimes(zLockFile, NULL);
-#endif
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  
-  /* grab an exclusive lock */
-  fd = open(zLockFile,O_RDONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL,0600);
-  if( fd<0 ){
-    /* failed to open/create the file, someone else may have stolen the lock */
-    int tErrno = errno;
-    if( EEXIST == tErrno ){
-      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-    } else {
-      rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK);
-      if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-        pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-      }
-    }
-    return rc;
-  } 
-  if( close(fd) ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-    rc = SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE;
-  }
-  
-  /* got it, set the type and return ok */
-  pFile->locktype = locktype;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lower the locking level on file descriptor pFile to locktype.  locktype
-** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
-**
-** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
-** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
-**
-** When the locking level reaches NO_LOCK, delete the lock file.
-*/
-static int dotlockUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  char *zLockFile = (char *)pFile->lockingContext;
-
-  assert( pFile );
-  OSTRACE5("UNLOCK  %d %d was %d pid=%d (dotlock)\n", pFile->h, locktype,
-          pFile->locktype, getpid());
-  assert( locktype<=SHARED_LOCK );
-  
-  /* no-op if possible */
-  if( pFile->locktype==locktype ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  /* To downgrade to shared, simply update our internal notion of the
-  ** lock state.  No need to mess with the file on disk.
-  */
-  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK ){
-    pFile->locktype = SHARED_LOCK;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  
-  /* To fully unlock the database, delete the lock file */
-  assert( locktype==NO_LOCK );
-  if( unlink(zLockFile) ){
-    int rc = 0;
-    int tErrno = errno;
-    if( ENOENT != tErrno ){
-      rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK);
-    }
-    if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-      pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-    }
-    return rc; 
-  }
-  pFile->locktype = NO_LOCK;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a file.  Make sure the lock has been released before closing.
-*/
-static int dotlockClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
-  int rc;
-  if( id ){
-    unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-    dotlockUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
-    sqlite3_free(pFile->lockingContext);
-  }
-  rc = closeUnixFile(id);
-  return rc;
-}
-/****************** End of the dot-file lock implementation *******************
-******************************************************************************/
-
-/******************************************************************************
-************************** Begin flock Locking ********************************
-**
-** Use the flock() system call to do file locking.
-**
-** flock() locking is like dot-file locking in that the various
-** fine-grain locking levels supported by SQLite are collapsed into
-** a single exclusive lock.  In other words, SHARED, RESERVED, and
-** PENDING locks are the same thing as an EXCLUSIVE lock.  SQLite
-** still works when you do this, but concurrency is reduced since
-** only a single process can be reading the database at a time.
-**
-** Omit this section if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE is turned off or if
-** compiling for VXWORKS.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && !OS_VXWORKS
-
-/*
-** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
-** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, set *pResOut
-** to a non-zero value otherwise *pResOut is set to zero.  The return value
-** is set to SQLITE_OK unless an I/O error occurs during lock checking.
-*/
-static int flockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int reserved = 0;
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK; );
-  
-  assert( pFile );
-  
-  /* Check if a thread in this process holds such a lock */
-  if( pFile->locktype>SHARED_LOCK ){
-    reserved = 1;
-  }
-  
-  /* Otherwise see if some other process holds it. */
-  if( !reserved ){
-    /* attempt to get the lock */
-    int lrc = flock(pFile->h, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB);
-    if( !lrc ){
-      /* got the lock, unlock it */
-      lrc = flock(pFile->h, LOCK_UN);
-      if ( lrc ) {
-        int tErrno = errno;
-        /* unlock failed with an error */
-        lrc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK); 
-        if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(lrc) ){
-          pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-          rc = lrc;
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      int tErrno = errno;
-      reserved = 1;
-      /* someone else might have it reserved */
-      lrc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK); 
-      if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(lrc) ){
-        pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-        rc = lrc;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  OSTRACE4("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d %d (flock)\n", pFile->h, rc, reserved);
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
-  if( (rc & SQLITE_IOERR) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    reserved=1;
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS */
-  *pResOut = reserved;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lock the file with the lock specified by parameter locktype - one
-** of the following:
-**
-**     (1) SHARED_LOCK
-**     (2) RESERVED_LOCK
-**     (3) PENDING_LOCK
-**     (4) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK
-**
-** Sometimes when requesting one lock state, additional lock states
-** are inserted in between.  The locking might fail on one of the later
-** transitions leaving the lock state different from what it started but
-** still short of its goal.  The following chart shows the allowed
-** transitions and the inserted intermediate states:
-**
-**    UNLOCKED -> SHARED
-**    SHARED -> RESERVED
-**    SHARED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    RESERVED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    PENDING -> EXCLUSIVE
-**
-** flock() only really support EXCLUSIVE locks.  We track intermediate
-** lock states in the sqlite3_file structure, but all locks SHARED or
-** above are really EXCLUSIVE locks and exclude all other processes from
-** access the file.
-**
-** This routine will only increase a lock.  Use the sqlite3OsUnlock()
-** routine to lower a locking level.
-*/
-static int flockLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-
-  assert( pFile );
-
-  /* if we already have a lock, it is exclusive.  
-  ** Just adjust level and punt on outta here. */
-  if (pFile->locktype > NO_LOCK) {
-    pFile->locktype = locktype;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  
-  /* grab an exclusive lock */
-  
-  if (flock(pFile->h, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)) {
-    int tErrno = errno;
-    /* didn't get, must be busy */
-    rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK);
-    if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-      pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-    }
-  } else {
-    /* got it, set the type and return ok */
-    pFile->locktype = locktype;
-  }
-  OSTRACE4("LOCK    %d %s %s (flock)\n", pFile->h, locktypeName(locktype), 
-           rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed");
-#ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
-  if( (rc & SQLITE_IOERR) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS */
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Lower the locking level on file descriptor pFile to locktype.  locktype
-** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
-**
-** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
-** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
-*/
-static int flockUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  
-  assert( pFile );
-  OSTRACE5("UNLOCK  %d %d was %d pid=%d (flock)\n", pFile->h, locktype,
-           pFile->locktype, getpid());
-  assert( locktype<=SHARED_LOCK );
-  
-  /* no-op if possible */
-  if( pFile->locktype==locktype ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  
-  /* shared can just be set because we always have an exclusive */
-  if (locktype==SHARED_LOCK) {
-    pFile->locktype = locktype;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  
-  /* no, really, unlock. */
-  int rc = flock(pFile->h, LOCK_UN);
-  if (rc) {
-    int r, tErrno = errno;
-    r = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK);
-    if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(r) ){
-      pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-    }
-#ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
-    if( (r & SQLITE_IOERR) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
-      r = SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }
-#endif /* SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS */
-    
-    return r;
-  } else {
-    pFile->locktype = NO_LOCK;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a file.
-*/
-static int flockClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
-  if( id ){
-    flockUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
-  }
-  return closeUnixFile(id);
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && !OS_VXWORK */
-
-/******************* End of the flock lock implementation *********************
-******************************************************************************/
-
-/******************************************************************************
-************************ Begin Named Semaphore Locking ************************
-**
-** Named semaphore locking is only supported on VxWorks.
-**
-** Semaphore locking is like dot-lock and flock in that it really only
-** supports EXCLUSIVE locking.  Only a single process can read or write
-** the database file at a time.  This reduces potential concurrency, but
-** makes the lock implementation much easier.
-*/
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-
-/*
-** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
-** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, set *pResOut
-** to a non-zero value otherwise *pResOut is set to zero.  The return value
-** is set to SQLITE_OK unless an I/O error occurs during lock checking.
-*/
-static int semCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut) {
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int reserved = 0;
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK; );
-  
-  assert( pFile );
-
-  /* Check if a thread in this process holds such a lock */
-  if( pFile->locktype>SHARED_LOCK ){
-    reserved = 1;
-  }
-  
-  /* Otherwise see if some other process holds it. */
-  if( !reserved ){
-    sem_t *pSem = pFile->pOpen->pSem;
-    struct stat statBuf;
-
-    if( sem_trywait(pSem)==-1 ){
-      int tErrno = errno;
-      if( EAGAIN != tErrno ){
-        rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK);
-        pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-      } else {
-        /* someone else has the lock when we are in NO_LOCK */
-        reserved = (pFile->locktype < SHARED_LOCK);
-      }
-    }else{
-      /* we could have it if we want it */
-      sem_post(pSem);
-    }
-  }
-  OSTRACE4("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d %d (sem)\n", pFile->h, rc, reserved);
-
-  *pResOut = reserved;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lock the file with the lock specified by parameter locktype - one
-** of the following:
-**
-**     (1) SHARED_LOCK
-**     (2) RESERVED_LOCK
-**     (3) PENDING_LOCK
-**     (4) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK
-**
-** Sometimes when requesting one lock state, additional lock states
-** are inserted in between.  The locking might fail on one of the later
-** transitions leaving the lock state different from what it started but
-** still short of its goal.  The following chart shows the allowed
-** transitions and the inserted intermediate states:
-**
-**    UNLOCKED -> SHARED
-**    SHARED -> RESERVED
-**    SHARED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    RESERVED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    PENDING -> EXCLUSIVE
-**
-** Semaphore locks only really support EXCLUSIVE locks.  We track intermediate
-** lock states in the sqlite3_file structure, but all locks SHARED or
-** above are really EXCLUSIVE locks and exclude all other processes from
-** access the file.
-**
-** This routine will only increase a lock.  Use the sqlite3OsUnlock()
-** routine to lower a locking level.
-*/
-static int semLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  int fd;
-  sem_t *pSem = pFile->pOpen->pSem;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  /* if we already have a lock, it is exclusive.  
-  ** Just adjust level and punt on outta here. */
-  if (pFile->locktype > NO_LOCK) {
-    pFile->locktype = locktype;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    goto sem_end_lock;
-  }
-  
-  /* lock semaphore now but bail out when already locked. */
-  if( sem_trywait(pSem)==-1 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-    goto sem_end_lock;
-  }
-
-  /* got it, set the type and return ok */
-  pFile->locktype = locktype;
-
- sem_end_lock:
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lower the locking level on file descriptor pFile to locktype.  locktype
-** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
-**
-** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
-** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
-*/
-static int semUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  sem_t *pSem = pFile->pOpen->pSem;
-
-  assert( pFile );
-  assert( pSem );
-  OSTRACE5("UNLOCK  %d %d was %d pid=%d (sem)\n", pFile->h, locktype,
-          pFile->locktype, getpid());
-  assert( locktype<=SHARED_LOCK );
-  
-  /* no-op if possible */
-  if( pFile->locktype==locktype ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  
-  /* shared can just be set because we always have an exclusive */
-  if (locktype==SHARED_LOCK) {
-    pFile->locktype = locktype;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  
-  /* no, really unlock. */
-  if ( sem_post(pSem)==-1 ) {
-    int rc, tErrno = errno;
-    rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK);
-    if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-      pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-    }
-    return rc; 
-  }
-  pFile->locktype = NO_LOCK;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
- ** Close a file.
- */
-static int semClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
-  if( id ){
-    unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-    semUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
-    assert( pFile );
-    unixEnterMutex();
-    releaseLockInfo(pFile->pLock);
-    releaseOpenCnt(pFile->pOpen);
-    unixLeaveMutex();
-    closeUnixFile(id);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#endif /* OS_VXWORKS */
-/*
-** Named semaphore locking is only available on VxWorks.
-**
-*************** End of the named semaphore lock implementation ****************
-******************************************************************************/
-
-
-/******************************************************************************
-*************************** Begin AFP Locking *********************************
-**
-** AFP is the Apple Filing Protocol.  AFP is a network filesystem found
-** on Apple Macintosh computers - both OS9 and OSX.
-**
-** Third-party implementations of AFP are available.  But this code here
-** only works on OSX.
-*/
-
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-/*
-** The afpLockingContext structure contains all afp lock specific state
-*/
-typedef struct afpLockingContext afpLockingContext;
-struct afpLockingContext {
-  int reserved;
-  const char *dbPath;             /* Name of the open file */
-};
-
-struct ByteRangeLockPB2
-{
-  unsigned long long offset;        /* offset to first byte to lock */
-  unsigned long long length;        /* nbr of bytes to lock */
-  unsigned long long retRangeStart; /* nbr of 1st byte locked if successful */
-  unsigned char unLockFlag;         /* 1 = unlock, 0 = lock */
-  unsigned char startEndFlag;       /* 1=rel to end of fork, 0=rel to start */
-  int fd;                           /* file desc to assoc this lock with */
-};
-
-#define afpfsByteRangeLock2FSCTL        _IOWR('z', 23, struct ByteRangeLockPB2)
-
-/*
-** This is a utility for setting or clearing a bit-range lock on an
-** AFP filesystem.
-** 
-** Return SQLITE_OK on success, SQLITE_BUSY on failure.
-*/
-static int afpSetLock(
-  const char *path,              /* Name of the file to be locked or unlocked */
-  unixFile *pFile,               /* Open file descriptor on path */
-  unsigned long long offset,     /* First byte to be locked */
-  unsigned long long length,     /* Number of bytes to lock */
-  int setLockFlag                /* True to set lock.  False to clear lock */
-){
-  struct ByteRangeLockPB2 pb;
-  int err;
-  
-  pb.unLockFlag = setLockFlag ? 0 : 1;
-  pb.startEndFlag = 0;
-  pb.offset = offset;
-  pb.length = length; 
-  pb.fd = pFile->h;
-  
-  OSTRACE6("AFPSETLOCK [%s] for %d%s in range %llx:%llx\n", 
-    (setLockFlag?"ON":"OFF"), pFile->h, (pb.fd==-1?"[testval-1]":""),
-    offset, length);
-  err = fsctl(path, afpfsByteRangeLock2FSCTL, &pb, 0);
-  if ( err==-1 ) {
-    int rc;
-    int tErrno = errno;
-    OSTRACE4("AFPSETLOCK failed to fsctl() '%s' %d %s\n",
-             path, tErrno, strerror(tErrno));
-#ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-#else
-    rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno,
-                    setLockFlag ? SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK : SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK);
-#endif /* SQLITE_IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS */
-    if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
-      pFile->lastErrno = tErrno;
-    }
-    return rc;
-  } else {
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
-** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, set *pResOut
-** to a non-zero value otherwise *pResOut is set to zero.  The return value
-** is set to SQLITE_OK unless an I/O error occurs during lock checking.
-*/
-static int afpCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int reserved = 0;
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK; );
-  
-  assert( pFile );
-  afpLockingContext *context = (afpLockingContext *) pFile->lockingContext;
-  if( context->reserved ){
-    *pResOut = 1;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  unixEnterMutex(); /* Because pFile->pLock is shared across threads */
-  
-  /* Check if a thread in this process holds such a lock */
-  if( pFile->pLock->locktype>SHARED_LOCK ){
-    reserved = 1;
-  }
-  
-  /* Otherwise see if some other process holds it.
-   */
-  if( !reserved ){
-    /* lock the RESERVED byte */
-    int lrc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, RESERVED_BYTE, 1,1);  
-    if( SQLITE_OK==lrc ){
-      /* if we succeeded in taking the reserved lock, unlock it to restore
-      ** the original state */
-      lrc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, RESERVED_BYTE, 1, 0);
-    } else {
-      /* if we failed to get the lock then someone else must have it */
-      reserved = 1;
-    }
-    if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(lrc) ){
-      rc=lrc;
-    }
-  }
-  
-  unixLeaveMutex();
-  OSTRACE4("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d %d (afp)\n", pFile->h, rc, reserved);
-  
-  *pResOut = reserved;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lock the file with the lock specified by parameter locktype - one
-** of the following:
-**
-**     (1) SHARED_LOCK
-**     (2) RESERVED_LOCK
-**     (3) PENDING_LOCK
-**     (4) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK
-**
-** Sometimes when requesting one lock state, additional lock states
-** are inserted in between.  The locking might fail on one of the later
-** transitions leaving the lock state different from what it started but
-** still short of its goal.  The following chart shows the allowed
-** transitions and the inserted intermediate states:
-**
-**    UNLOCKED -> SHARED
-**    SHARED -> RESERVED
-**    SHARED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    RESERVED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    PENDING -> EXCLUSIVE
-**
-** This routine will only increase a lock.  Use the sqlite3OsUnlock()
-** routine to lower a locking level.
-*/
-static int afpLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  struct unixLockInfo *pLock = pFile->pLock;
-  afpLockingContext *context = (afpLockingContext *) pFile->lockingContext;
-  
-  assert( pFile );
-  OSTRACE7("LOCK    %d %s was %s(%s,%d) pid=%d (afp)\n", pFile->h,
-           locktypeName(locktype), locktypeName(pFile->locktype),
-           locktypeName(pLock->locktype), pLock->cnt , getpid());
-
-  /* If there is already a lock of this type or more restrictive on the
-  ** unixFile, do nothing. Don't use the afp_end_lock: exit path, as
-  ** unixEnterMutex() hasn't been called yet.
-  */
-  if( pFile->locktype>=locktype ){
-    OSTRACE3("LOCK    %d %s ok (already held) (afp)\n", pFile->h,
-           locktypeName(locktype));
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure the locking sequence is correct
-  **  (1) We never move from unlocked to anything higher than shared lock.
-  **  (2) SQLite never explicitly requests a pendig lock.
-  **  (3) A shared lock is always held when a reserve lock is requested.
-  */
-  assert( pFile->locktype!=NO_LOCK || locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-  assert( locktype!=PENDING_LOCK );
-  assert( locktype!=RESERVED_LOCK || pFile->locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-  
-  /* This mutex is needed because pFile->pLock is shared across threads
-  */
-  unixEnterMutex();
-
-  /* Make sure the current thread owns the pFile.
-  */
-  rc = transferOwnership(pFile);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    unixLeaveMutex();
-    return rc;
-  }
-  pLock = pFile->pLock;
-
-  /* If some thread using this PID has a lock via a different unixFile*
-  ** handle that precludes the requested lock, return BUSY.
-  */
-  if( (pFile->locktype!=pLock->locktype && 
-       (pLock->locktype>=PENDING_LOCK || locktype>SHARED_LOCK))
-     ){
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-    goto afp_end_lock;
-  }
-  
-  /* If a SHARED lock is requested, and some thread using this PID already
-  ** has a SHARED or RESERVED lock, then increment reference counts and
-  ** return SQLITE_OK.
-  */
-  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK && 
-     (pLock->locktype==SHARED_LOCK || pLock->locktype==RESERVED_LOCK) ){
-    assert( locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-    assert( pFile->locktype==0 );
-    assert( pLock->cnt>0 );
-    pFile->locktype = SHARED_LOCK;
-    pLock->cnt++;
-    pFile->pOpen->nLock++;
-    goto afp_end_lock;
-  }
-    
-  /* A PENDING lock is needed before acquiring a SHARED lock and before
-  ** acquiring an EXCLUSIVE lock.  For the SHARED lock, the PENDING will
-  ** be released.
-  */
-  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK 
-      || (locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && pFile->locktype<PENDING_LOCK)
-  ){
-    int failed;
-    failed = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, PENDING_BYTE, 1, 1);
-    if (failed) {
-      rc = failed;
-      goto afp_end_lock;
-    }
-  }
-  
-  /* If control gets to this point, then actually go ahead and make
-  ** operating system calls for the specified lock.
-  */
-  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK ){
-    int lrc1, lrc2, lrc1Errno;
-    long lk, mask;
-    
-    assert( pLock->cnt==0 );
-    assert( pLock->locktype==0 );
-        
-    mask = (sizeof(long)==8) ? LARGEST_INT64 : 0x7fffffff;
-    /* Now get the read-lock SHARED_LOCK */
-    /* note that the quality of the randomness doesn't matter that much */
-    lk = random(); 
-    pLock->sharedByte = (lk & mask)%(SHARED_SIZE - 1);
-    lrc1 = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, 
-          SHARED_FIRST+pLock->sharedByte, 1, 1);
-    if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(lrc1) ){
-      lrc1Errno = pFile->lastErrno;
-    }
-    /* Drop the temporary PENDING lock */
-    lrc2 = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, PENDING_BYTE, 1, 0);
-    
-    if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(lrc1) ) {
-      pFile->lastErrno = lrc1Errno;
-      rc = lrc1;
-      goto afp_end_lock;
-    } else if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(lrc2) ){
-      rc = lrc2;
-      goto afp_end_lock;
-    } else if( lrc1 != SQLITE_OK ) {
-      rc = lrc1;
-    } else {
-      pFile->locktype = SHARED_LOCK;
-      pFile->pOpen->nLock++;
-      pLock->cnt = 1;
-    }
-  }else if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && pLock->cnt>1 ){
-    /* We are trying for an exclusive lock but another thread in this
-     ** same process is still holding a shared lock. */
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }else{
-    /* The request was for a RESERVED or EXCLUSIVE lock.  It is
-    ** assumed that there is a SHARED or greater lock on the file
-    ** already.
-    */
-    int failed = 0;
-    assert( 0!=pFile->locktype );
-    if (locktype >= RESERVED_LOCK && pFile->locktype < RESERVED_LOCK) {
-        /* Acquire a RESERVED lock */
-        failed = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, RESERVED_BYTE, 1,1);
-      if( !failed ){
-        context->reserved = 1;
-      }
-    }
-    if (!failed && locktype == EXCLUSIVE_LOCK) {
-      /* Acquire an EXCLUSIVE lock */
-        
-      /* Remove the shared lock before trying the range.  we'll need to 
-      ** reestablish the shared lock if we can't get the  afpUnlock
-      */
-      if( !(failed = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, SHARED_FIRST +
-                         pLock->sharedByte, 1, 0)) ){
-        int failed2 = SQLITE_OK;
-        /* now attemmpt to get the exclusive lock range */
-        failed = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, SHARED_FIRST, 
-                               SHARED_SIZE, 1);
-        if( failed && (failed2 = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, 
-                       SHARED_FIRST + pLock->sharedByte, 1, 1)) ){
-          /* Can't reestablish the shared lock.  Sqlite can't deal, this is
-          ** a critical I/O error
-          */
-          rc = ((failed & SQLITE_IOERR) == SQLITE_IOERR) ? failed2 : 
-               SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
-          goto afp_end_lock;
-        } 
-      }else{
-        rc = failed; 
-      }
-    }
-    if( failed ){
-      rc = failed;
-    }
-  }
-  
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pFile->locktype = locktype;
-    pLock->locktype = locktype;
-  }else if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
-    pFile->locktype = PENDING_LOCK;
-    pLock->locktype = PENDING_LOCK;
-  }
-  
-afp_end_lock:
-  unixLeaveMutex();
-  OSTRACE4("LOCK    %d %s %s (afp)\n", pFile->h, locktypeName(locktype), 
-         rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed");
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lower the locking level on file descriptor pFile to locktype.  locktype
-** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
-**
-** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
-** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
-*/
-static int afpUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  struct unixLockInfo *pLock;
-  afpLockingContext *context = (afpLockingContext *) pFile->lockingContext;
-  int skipShared = 0;
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  int h = pFile->h;
-#endif
-
-  assert( pFile );
-  OSTRACE7("UNLOCK  %d %d was %d(%d,%d) pid=%d (afp)\n", pFile->h, locktype,
-           pFile->locktype, pFile->pLock->locktype, pFile->pLock->cnt, getpid());
-
-  assert( locktype<=SHARED_LOCK );
-  if( pFile->locktype<=locktype ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  if( CHECK_THREADID(pFile) ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  unixEnterMutex();
-  pLock = pFile->pLock;
-  assert( pLock->cnt!=0 );
-  if( pFile->locktype>SHARED_LOCK ){
-    assert( pLock->locktype==pFile->locktype );
-    SimulateIOErrorBenign(1);
-    SimulateIOError( h=(-1) )
-    SimulateIOErrorBenign(0);
-    
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    /* When reducing a lock such that other processes can start
-    ** reading the database file again, make sure that the
-    ** transaction counter was updated if any part of the database
-    ** file changed.  If the transaction counter is not updated,
-    ** other connections to the same file might not realize that
-    ** the file has changed and hence might not know to flush their
-    ** cache.  The use of a stale cache can lead to database corruption.
-    */
-    assert( pFile->inNormalWrite==0
-           || pFile->dbUpdate==0
-           || pFile->transCntrChng==1 );
-    pFile->inNormalWrite = 0;
-#endif
-    
-    if( pFile->locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
-      rc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, SHARED_FIRST, SHARED_SIZE, 0);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (locktype==SHARED_LOCK || pLock->cnt>1) ){
-        /* only re-establish the shared lock if necessary */
-        int sharedLockByte = SHARED_FIRST+pLock->sharedByte;
-        rc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, sharedLockByte, 1, 1);
-      } else {
-        skipShared = 1;
-      }
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pFile->locktype>=PENDING_LOCK ){
-      rc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, PENDING_BYTE, 1, 0);
-    } 
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pFile->locktype>=RESERVED_LOCK && context->reserved ){
-      rc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, RESERVED_BYTE, 1, 0);
-      if( !rc ){ 
-        context->reserved = 0; 
-      }
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (locktype==SHARED_LOCK || pLock->cnt>1)){
-      pLock->locktype = SHARED_LOCK;
-    }
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && locktype==NO_LOCK ){
-
-    /* Decrement the shared lock counter.  Release the lock using an
-    ** OS call only when all threads in this same process have released
-    ** the lock.
-    */
-    unsigned long long sharedLockByte = SHARED_FIRST+pLock->sharedByte;
-    pLock->cnt--;
-    if( pLock->cnt==0 ){
-      SimulateIOErrorBenign(1);
-      SimulateIOError( h=(-1) )
-      SimulateIOErrorBenign(0);
-      if( !skipShared ){
-        rc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, sharedLockByte, 1, 0);
-      }
-      if( !rc ){
-        pLock->locktype = NO_LOCK;
-        pFile->locktype = NO_LOCK;
-      }
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      struct unixOpenCnt *pOpen = pFile->pOpen;
-        
-      pOpen->nLock--;
-      assert( pOpen->nLock>=0 );
-      if( pOpen->nLock==0 ){
-        rc = closePendingFds(pFile);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  
-  unixLeaveMutex();
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) pFile->locktype = locktype;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a file & cleanup AFP specific locking context 
-*/
-static int afpClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( id ){
-    unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-    afpUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
-    unixEnterMutex();
-    if( pFile->pOpen && pFile->pOpen->nLock ){
-      /* If there are outstanding locks, do not actually close the file just
-      ** yet because that would clear those locks.  Instead, add the file
-      ** descriptor to pOpen->aPending.  It will be automatically closed when
-      ** the last lock is cleared.
-      */
-      setPendingFd(pFile);
-    }
-    releaseLockInfo(pFile->pLock);
-    releaseOpenCnt(pFile->pOpen);
-    sqlite3_free(pFile->lockingContext);
-    rc = closeUnixFile(id);
-    unixLeaveMutex();
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#endif /* defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
-/*
-** The code above is the AFP lock implementation.  The code is specific
-** to MacOSX and does not work on other unix platforms.  No alternative
-** is available.  If you don't compile for a mac, then the "unix-afp"
-** VFS is not available.
-**
-********************* End of the AFP lock implementation **********************
-******************************************************************************/
-
-/******************************************************************************
-*************************** Begin NFS Locking ********************************/
-
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-/*
- ** Lower the locking level on file descriptor pFile to locktype.  locktype
- ** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
- **
- ** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
- ** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
- */
-static int nfsUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype){
-  return _posixUnlock(id, locktype, 1);
-}
-
-#endif /* defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
-/*
-** The code above is the NFS lock implementation.  The code is specific
-** to MacOSX and does not work on other unix platforms.  No alternative
-** is available.  
-**
-********************* End of the NFS lock implementation **********************
-******************************************************************************/
-
-/******************************************************************************
-**************** Non-locking sqlite3_file methods *****************************
-**
-** The next division contains implementations for all methods of the 
-** sqlite3_file object other than the locking methods.  The locking
-** methods were defined in divisions above (one locking method per
-** division).  Those methods that are common to all locking modes
-** are gather together into this division.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Seek to the offset passed as the second argument, then read cnt 
-** bytes into pBuf. Return the number of bytes actually read.
-**
-** NB:  If you define USE_PREAD or USE_PREAD64, then it might also
-** be necessary to define _XOPEN_SOURCE to be 500.  This varies from
-** one system to another.  Since SQLite does not define USE_PREAD
-** any any form by default, we will not attempt to define _XOPEN_SOURCE.
-** See tickets #2741 and #2681.
-**
-** To avoid stomping the errno value on a failed read the lastErrno value
-** is set before returning.
-*/
-static int seekAndRead(unixFile *id, sqlite3_int64 offset, void *pBuf, int cnt){
-  int got;
-#if (!defined(USE_PREAD) && !defined(USE_PREAD64))
-  i64 newOffset;
-#endif
-  TIMER_START;
-#if defined(USE_PREAD)
-  got = pread(id->h, pBuf, cnt, offset);
-  SimulateIOError( got = -1 );
-#elif defined(USE_PREAD64)
-  got = pread64(id->h, pBuf, cnt, offset);
-  SimulateIOError( got = -1 );
-#else
-  newOffset = lseek(id->h, offset, SEEK_SET);
-  SimulateIOError( newOffset-- );
-  if( newOffset!=offset ){
-    if( newOffset == -1 ){
-      ((unixFile*)id)->lastErrno = errno;
-    }else{
-      ((unixFile*)id)->lastErrno = 0;                  
-    }
-    return -1;
-  }
-  got = read(id->h, pBuf, cnt);
-#endif
-  TIMER_END;
-  if( got<0 ){
-    ((unixFile*)id)->lastErrno = errno;
-  }
-  OSTRACE5("READ    %-3d %5d %7lld %llu\n", id->h, got, offset, TIMER_ELAPSED);
-  return got;
-}
-
-/*
-** Read data from a file into a buffer.  Return SQLITE_OK if all
-** bytes were read successfully and SQLITE_IOERR if anything goes
-** wrong.
-*/
-static int unixRead(
-  sqlite3_file *id, 
-  void *pBuf, 
-  int amt,
-  sqlite3_int64 offset
-){
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile *)id;
-  int got;
-  assert( id );
-
-  /* If this is a database file (not a journal, master-journal or temp
-  ** file), the bytes in the locking range should never be read or written. */
-  assert( pFile->pUnused==0
-       || offset>=PENDING_BYTE+512
-       || offset+amt<=PENDING_BYTE 
-  );
-
-  got = seekAndRead(pFile, offset, pBuf, amt);
-  if( got==amt ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }else if( got<0 ){
-    /* lastErrno set by seekAndRead */
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
-  }else{
-    pFile->lastErrno = 0; /* not a system error */
-    /* Unread parts of the buffer must be zero-filled */
-    memset(&((char*)pBuf)[got], 0, amt-got);
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Seek to the offset in id->offset then read cnt bytes into pBuf.
-** Return the number of bytes actually read.  Update the offset.
-**
-** To avoid stomping the errno value on a failed write the lastErrno value
-** is set before returning.
-*/
-static int seekAndWrite(unixFile *id, i64 offset, const void *pBuf, int cnt){
-  int got;
-#if (!defined(USE_PREAD) && !defined(USE_PREAD64))
-  i64 newOffset;
-#endif
-  TIMER_START;
-#if defined(USE_PREAD)
-  got = pwrite(id->h, pBuf, cnt, offset);
-#elif defined(USE_PREAD64)
-  got = pwrite64(id->h, pBuf, cnt, offset);
-#else
-  newOffset = lseek(id->h, offset, SEEK_SET);
-  if( newOffset!=offset ){
-    if( newOffset == -1 ){
-      ((unixFile*)id)->lastErrno = errno;
-    }else{
-      ((unixFile*)id)->lastErrno = 0;                  
-    }
-    return -1;
-  }
-  got = write(id->h, pBuf, cnt);
-#endif
-  TIMER_END;
-  if( got<0 ){
-    ((unixFile*)id)->lastErrno = errno;
-  }
-
-  OSTRACE5("WRITE   %-3d %5d %7lld %llu\n", id->h, got, offset, TIMER_ELAPSED);
-  return got;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Write data from a buffer into a file.  Return SQLITE_OK on success
-** or some other error code on failure.
-*/
-static int unixWrite(
-  sqlite3_file *id, 
-  const void *pBuf, 
-  int amt,
-  sqlite3_int64 offset 
-){
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  int wrote = 0;
-  assert( id );
-  assert( amt>0 );
-
-  /* If this is a database file (not a journal, master-journal or temp
-  ** file), the bytes in the locking range should never be read or written. */
-  assert( pFile->pUnused==0
-       || offset>=PENDING_BYTE+512
-       || offset+amt<=PENDING_BYTE 
-  );
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  /* If we are doing a normal write to a database file (as opposed to
-  ** doing a hot-journal rollback or a write to some file other than a
-  ** normal database file) then record the fact that the database
-  ** has changed.  If the transaction counter is modified, record that
-  ** fact too.
-  */
-  if( pFile->inNormalWrite ){
-    pFile->dbUpdate = 1;  /* The database has been modified */
-    if( offset<=24 && offset+amt>=27 ){
-      int rc;
-      char oldCntr[4];
-      SimulateIOErrorBenign(1);
-      rc = seekAndRead(pFile, 24, oldCntr, 4);
-      SimulateIOErrorBenign(0);
-      if( rc!=4 || memcmp(oldCntr, &((char*)pBuf)[24-offset], 4)!=0 ){
-        pFile->transCntrChng = 1;  /* The transaction counter has changed */
-      }
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  while( amt>0 && (wrote = seekAndWrite(pFile, offset, pBuf, amt))>0 ){
-    amt -= wrote;
-    offset += wrote;
-    pBuf = &((char*)pBuf)[wrote];
-  }
-  SimulateIOError(( wrote=(-1), amt=1 ));
-  SimulateDiskfullError(( wrote=0, amt=1 ));
-  if( amt>0 ){
-    if( wrote<0 ){
-      /* lastErrno set by seekAndWrite */
-      return SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE;
-    }else{
-      pFile->lastErrno = 0; /* not a system error */
-      return SQLITE_FULL;
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-/*
-** Count the number of fullsyncs and normal syncs.  This is used to test
-** that syncs and fullsyncs are occurring at the right times.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sync_count = 0;
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_fullsync_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** We do not trust systems to provide a working fdatasync().  Some do.
-** Others do no.  To be safe, we will stick with the (slower) fsync().
-** If you know that your system does support fdatasync() correctly,
-** then simply compile with -Dfdatasync=fdatasync
-*/
-#if !defined(fdatasync) && !defined(__linux__)
-# define fdatasync fsync
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Define HAVE_FULLFSYNC to 0 or 1 depending on whether or not
-** the F_FULLFSYNC macro is defined.  F_FULLFSYNC is currently
-** only available on Mac OS X.  But that could change.
-*/
-#ifdef F_FULLFSYNC
-# define HAVE_FULLFSYNC 1
-#else
-# define HAVE_FULLFSYNC 0
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** The fsync() system call does not work as advertised on many
-** unix systems.  The following procedure is an attempt to make
-** it work better.
-**
-** The SQLITE_NO_SYNC macro disables all fsync()s.  This is useful
-** for testing when we want to run through the test suite quickly.
-** You are strongly advised *not* to deploy with SQLITE_NO_SYNC
-** enabled, however, since with SQLITE_NO_SYNC enabled, an OS crash
-** or power failure will likely corrupt the database file.
-**
-** SQLite sets the dataOnly flag if the size of the file is unchanged.
-** The idea behind dataOnly is that it should only write the file content
-** to disk, not the inode.  We only set dataOnly if the file size is 
-** unchanged since the file size is part of the inode.  However, 
-** Ted Ts'o tells us that fdatasync() will also write the inode if the
-** file size has changed.  The only real difference between fdatasync()
-** and fsync(), Ted tells us, is that fdatasync() will not flush the
-** inode if the mtime or owner or other inode attributes have changed.
-** We only care about the file size, not the other file attributes, so
-** as far as SQLite is concerned, an fdatasync() is always adequate.
-** So, we always use fdatasync() if it is available, regardless of
-** the value of the dataOnly flag.
-*/
-static int full_fsync(int fd, int fullSync, int dataOnly){
-  int rc;
-
-  /* The following "ifdef/elif/else/" block has the same structure as
-  ** the one below. It is replicated here solely to avoid cluttering 
-  ** up the real code with the UNUSED_PARAMETER() macros.
-  */
-#ifdef SQLITE_NO_SYNC
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(fd);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(fullSync);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(dataOnly);
-#elif HAVE_FULLFSYNC
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(dataOnly);
-#else
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(fullSync);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(dataOnly);
-#endif
-
-  /* Record the number of times that we do a normal fsync() and 
-  ** FULLSYNC.  This is used during testing to verify that this procedure
-  ** gets called with the correct arguments.
-  */
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  if( fullSync ) sqlite3_fullsync_count++;
-  sqlite3_sync_count++;
-#endif
-
-  /* If we compiled with the SQLITE_NO_SYNC flag, then syncing is a
-  ** no-op
-  */
-#ifdef SQLITE_NO_SYNC
-  rc = SQLITE_OK;
-#elif HAVE_FULLFSYNC
-  if( fullSync ){
-    rc = fcntl(fd, F_FULLFSYNC, 0);
-  }else{
-    rc = 1;
-  }
-  /* If the FULLFSYNC failed, fall back to attempting an fsync().
-  ** It shouldn't be possible for fullfsync to fail on the local 
-  ** file system (on OSX), so failure indicates that FULLFSYNC
-  ** isn't supported for this file system. So, attempt an fsync 
-  ** and (for now) ignore the overhead of a superfluous fcntl call.  
-  ** It'd be better to detect fullfsync support once and avoid 
-  ** the fcntl call every time sync is called.
-  */
-  if( rc ) rc = fsync(fd);
-
-#elif defined(__APPLE__)
-  /* fdatasync() on HFS+ doesn't yet flush the file size if it changed correctly
-  ** so currently we default to the macro that redefines fdatasync to fsync
-  */
-  rc = fsync(fd);
-#else 
-  rc = fdatasync(fd);
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-  if( rc==-1 && errno==ENOTSUP ){
-    rc = fsync(fd);
-  }
-#endif /* OS_VXWORKS */
-#endif /* ifdef SQLITE_NO_SYNC elif HAVE_FULLFSYNC */
-
-  if( OS_VXWORKS && rc!= -1 ){
-    rc = 0;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Make sure all writes to a particular file are committed to disk.
-**
-** If dataOnly==0 then both the file itself and its metadata (file
-** size, access time, etc) are synced.  If dataOnly!=0 then only the
-** file data is synced.
-**
-** Under Unix, also make sure that the directory entry for the file
-** has been created by fsync-ing the directory that contains the file.
-** If we do not do this and we encounter a power failure, the directory
-** entry for the journal might not exist after we reboot.  The next
-** SQLite to access the file will not know that the journal exists (because
-** the directory entry for the journal was never created) and the transaction
-** will not roll back - possibly leading to database corruption.
-*/
-static int unixSync(sqlite3_file *id, int flags){
-  int rc;
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-
-  int isDataOnly = (flags&SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY);
-  int isFullsync = (flags&0x0F)==SQLITE_SYNC_FULL;
-
-  /* Check that one of SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL or FULL was passed */
-  assert((flags&0x0F)==SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL
-      || (flags&0x0F)==SQLITE_SYNC_FULL
-  );
-
-  /* Unix cannot, but some systems may return SQLITE_FULL from here. This
-  ** line is to test that doing so does not cause any problems.
-  */
-  SimulateDiskfullError( return SQLITE_FULL );
-
-  assert( pFile );
-  OSTRACE2("SYNC    %-3d\n", pFile->h);
-  rc = full_fsync(pFile->h, isFullsync, isDataOnly);
-  SimulateIOError( rc=1 );
-  if( rc ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC;
-  }
-  if( pFile->dirfd>=0 ){
-    int err;
-    OSTRACE4("DIRSYNC %-3d (have_fullfsync=%d fullsync=%d)\n", pFile->dirfd,
-            HAVE_FULLFSYNC, isFullsync);
-#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_DIRSYNC
-    /* The directory sync is only attempted if full_fsync is
-    ** turned off or unavailable.  If a full_fsync occurred above,
-    ** then the directory sync is superfluous.
-    */
-    if( (!HAVE_FULLFSYNC || !isFullsync) && full_fsync(pFile->dirfd,0,0) ){
-       /*
-       ** We have received multiple reports of fsync() returning
-       ** errors when applied to directories on certain file systems.
-       ** A failed directory sync is not a big deal.  So it seems
-       ** better to ignore the error.  Ticket #1657
-       */
-       /* pFile->lastErrno = errno; */
-       /* return SQLITE_IOERR; */
-    }
-#endif
-    err = close(pFile->dirfd); /* Only need to sync once, so close the */
-    if( err==0 ){              /* directory when we are done */
-      pFile->dirfd = -1;
-    }else{
-      pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-      rc = SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Truncate an open file to a specified size
-*/
-static int unixTruncate(sqlite3_file *id, i64 nByte){
-  int rc;
-  assert( id );
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE );
-  rc = ftruncate(((unixFile*)id)->h, (off_t)nByte);
-  if( rc ){
-    ((unixFile*)id)->lastErrno = errno;
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE;
-  }else{
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    /* If we are doing a normal write to a database file (as opposed to
-    ** doing a hot-journal rollback or a write to some file other than a
-    ** normal database file) and we truncate the file to zero length,
-    ** that effectively updates the change counter.  This might happen
-    ** when restoring a database using the backup API from a zero-length
-    ** source.
-    */
-    if( ((unixFile*)id)->inNormalWrite && nByte==0 ){
-      ((unixFile*)id)->transCntrChng = 1;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Determine the current size of a file in bytes
-*/
-static int unixFileSize(sqlite3_file *id, i64 *pSize){
-  int rc;
-  struct stat buf;
-  assert( id );
-  rc = fstat(((unixFile*)id)->h, &buf);
-  SimulateIOError( rc=1 );
-  if( rc!=0 ){
-    ((unixFile*)id)->lastErrno = errno;
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT;
-  }
-  *pSize = buf.st_size;
-
-  /* When opening a zero-size database, the findLockInfo() procedure
-  ** writes a single byte into that file in order to work around a bug
-  ** in the OS-X msdos filesystem.  In order to avoid problems with upper
-  ** layers, we need to report this file size as zero even though it is
-  ** really 1.   Ticket #3260.
-  */
-  if( *pSize==1 ) *pSize = 0;
-
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && defined(__APPLE__)
-/*
-** Handler for proxy-locking file-control verbs.  Defined below in the
-** proxying locking division.
-*/
-static int proxyFileControl(sqlite3_file*,int,void*);
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Information and control of an open file handle.
-*/
-static int unixFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
-  switch( op ){
-    case SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE: {
-      *(int*)pArg = ((unixFile*)id)->locktype;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO: {
-      *(int*)pArg = ((unixFile*)id)->lastErrno;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    /* The pager calls this method to signal that it has done
-    ** a rollback and that the database is therefore unchanged and
-    ** it hence it is OK for the transaction change counter to be
-    ** unchanged.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_FCNTL_DB_UNCHANGED: {
-      ((unixFile*)id)->dbUpdate = 0;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && defined(__APPLE__)
-    case SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE:
-    case SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE: {
-      return proxyFileControl(id,op,pArg);
-    }
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && defined(__APPLE__) */
-  }
-  return SQLITE_ERROR;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the sector size in bytes of the underlying block device for
-** the specified file. This is almost always 512 bytes, but may be
-** larger for some devices.
-**
-** SQLite code assumes this function cannot fail. It also assumes that
-** if two files are created in the same file-system directory (i.e.
-** a database and its journal file) that the sector size will be the
-** same for both.
-*/
-static int unixSectorSize(sqlite3_file *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  return SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the device characteristics for the file. This is always 0 for unix.
-*/
-static int unixDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Here ends the implementation of all sqlite3_file methods.
-**
-********************** End sqlite3_file Methods *******************************
-******************************************************************************/
-
-/*
-** This division contains definitions of sqlite3_io_methods objects that
-** implement various file locking strategies.  It also contains definitions
-** of "finder" functions.  A finder-function is used to locate the appropriate
-** sqlite3_io_methods object for a particular database file.  The pAppData
-** field of the sqlite3_vfs VFS objects are initialized to be pointers to
-** the correct finder-function for that VFS.
-**
-** Most finder functions return a pointer to a fixed sqlite3_io_methods
-** object.  The only interesting finder-function is autolockIoFinder, which
-** looks at the filesystem type and tries to guess the best locking
-** strategy from that.
-**
-** For finder-funtion F, two objects are created:
-**
-**    (1) The real finder-function named "FImpt()".
-**
-**    (2) A constant pointer to this function named just "F".
-**
-**
-** A pointer to the F pointer is used as the pAppData value for VFS
-** objects.  We have to do this instead of letting pAppData point
-** directly at the finder-function since C90 rules prevent a void*
-** from be cast into a function pointer.
-**
-**
-** Each instance of this macro generates two objects:
-**
-**   *  A constant sqlite3_io_methods object call METHOD that has locking
-**      methods CLOSE, LOCK, UNLOCK, CKRESLOCK.
-**
-**   *  An I/O method finder function called FINDER that returns a pointer
-**      to the METHOD object in the previous bullet.
-*/
-#define IOMETHODS(FINDER, METHOD, CLOSE, LOCK, UNLOCK, CKLOCK)               \
-static const sqlite3_io_methods METHOD = {                                   \
-   1,                          /* iVersion */                                \
-   CLOSE,                      /* xClose */                                  \
-   unixRead,                   /* xRead */                                   \
-   unixWrite,                  /* xWrite */                                  \
-   unixTruncate,               /* xTruncate */                               \
-   unixSync,                   /* xSync */                                   \
-   unixFileSize,               /* xFileSize */                               \
-   LOCK,                       /* xLock */                                   \
-   UNLOCK,                     /* xUnlock */                                 \
-   CKLOCK,                     /* xCheckReservedLock */                      \
-   unixFileControl,            /* xFileControl */                            \
-   unixSectorSize,             /* xSectorSize */                             \
-   unixDeviceCharacteristics   /* xDeviceCapabilities */                     \
-};                                                                           \
-static const sqlite3_io_methods *FINDER##Impl(const char *z, unixFile *p){   \
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(z); UNUSED_PARAMETER(p);                                  \
-  return &METHOD;                                                            \
-}                                                                            \
-static const sqlite3_io_methods *(*const FINDER)(const char*,unixFile *p)    \
-    = FINDER##Impl;
-
-/*
-** Here are all of the sqlite3_io_methods objects for each of the
-** locking strategies.  Functions that return pointers to these methods
-** are also created.
-*/
-IOMETHODS(
-  posixIoFinder,            /* Finder function name */
-  posixIoMethods,           /* sqlite3_io_methods object name */
-  unixClose,                /* xClose method */
-  unixLock,                 /* xLock method */
-  unixUnlock,               /* xUnlock method */
-  unixCheckReservedLock     /* xCheckReservedLock method */
-)
-IOMETHODS(
-  nolockIoFinder,           /* Finder function name */
-  nolockIoMethods,          /* sqlite3_io_methods object name */
-  nolockClose,              /* xClose method */
-  nolockLock,               /* xLock method */
-  nolockUnlock,             /* xUnlock method */
-  nolockCheckReservedLock   /* xCheckReservedLock method */
-)
-IOMETHODS(
-  dotlockIoFinder,          /* Finder function name */
-  dotlockIoMethods,         /* sqlite3_io_methods object name */
-  dotlockClose,             /* xClose method */
-  dotlockLock,              /* xLock method */
-  dotlockUnlock,            /* xUnlock method */
-  dotlockCheckReservedLock  /* xCheckReservedLock method */
-)
-
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && !OS_VXWORKS
-IOMETHODS(
-  flockIoFinder,            /* Finder function name */
-  flockIoMethods,           /* sqlite3_io_methods object name */
-  flockClose,               /* xClose method */
-  flockLock,                /* xLock method */
-  flockUnlock,              /* xUnlock method */
-  flockCheckReservedLock    /* xCheckReservedLock method */
-)
-#endif
-
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-IOMETHODS(
-  semIoFinder,              /* Finder function name */
-  semIoMethods,             /* sqlite3_io_methods object name */
-  semClose,                 /* xClose method */
-  semLock,                  /* xLock method */
-  semUnlock,                /* xUnlock method */
-  semCheckReservedLock      /* xCheckReservedLock method */
-)
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-IOMETHODS(
-  afpIoFinder,              /* Finder function name */
-  afpIoMethods,             /* sqlite3_io_methods object name */
-  afpClose,                 /* xClose method */
-  afpLock,                  /* xLock method */
-  afpUnlock,                /* xUnlock method */
-  afpCheckReservedLock      /* xCheckReservedLock method */
-)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The proxy locking method is a "super-method" in the sense that it
-** opens secondary file descriptors for the conch and lock files and
-** it uses proxy, dot-file, AFP, and flock() locking methods on those
-** secondary files.  For this reason, the division that implements
-** proxy locking is located much further down in the file.  But we need
-** to go ahead and define the sqlite3_io_methods and finder function
-** for proxy locking here.  So we forward declare the I/O methods.
-*/
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-static int proxyClose(sqlite3_file*);
-static int proxyLock(sqlite3_file*, int);
-static int proxyUnlock(sqlite3_file*, int);
-static int proxyCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file*, int*);
-IOMETHODS(
-  proxyIoFinder,            /* Finder function name */
-  proxyIoMethods,           /* sqlite3_io_methods object name */
-  proxyClose,               /* xClose method */
-  proxyLock,                /* xLock method */
-  proxyUnlock,              /* xUnlock method */
-  proxyCheckReservedLock    /* xCheckReservedLock method */
-)
-#endif
-
-/* nfs lockd on OSX 10.3+ doesn't clear write locks when a read lock is set */
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-IOMETHODS(
-  nfsIoFinder,               /* Finder function name */
-  nfsIoMethods,              /* sqlite3_io_methods object name */
-  unixClose,                 /* xClose method */
-  unixLock,                  /* xLock method */
-  nfsUnlock,                 /* xUnlock method */
-  unixCheckReservedLock      /* xCheckReservedLock method */
-)
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-/* 
-** This "finder" function attempts to determine the best locking strategy 
-** for the database file "filePath".  It then returns the sqlite3_io_methods
-** object that implements that strategy.
-**
-** This is for MacOSX only.
-*/
-static const sqlite3_io_methods *autolockIoFinderImpl(
-  const char *filePath,    /* name of the database file */
-  unixFile *pNew           /* open file object for the database file */
-){
-  static const struct Mapping {
-    const char *zFilesystem;              /* Filesystem type name */
-    const sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;   /* Appropriate locking method */
-  } aMap[] = {
-    { "hfs",    &posixIoMethods },
-    { "ufs",    &posixIoMethods },
-    { "afpfs",  &afpIoMethods },
-    { "smbfs",  &afpIoMethods },
-    { "webdav", &nolockIoMethods },
-    { 0, 0 }
-  };
-  int i;
-  struct statfs fsInfo;
-  struct flock lockInfo;
-
-  if( !filePath ){
-    /* If filePath==NULL that means we are dealing with a transient file
-    ** that does not need to be locked. */
-    return &nolockIoMethods;
-  }
-  if( statfs(filePath, &fsInfo) != -1 ){
-    if( fsInfo.f_flags & MNT_RDONLY ){
-      return &nolockIoMethods;
-    }
-    for(i=0; aMap[i].zFilesystem; i++){
-      if( strcmp(fsInfo.f_fstypename, aMap[i].zFilesystem)==0 ){
-        return aMap[i].pMethods;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Default case. Handles, amongst others, "nfs".
-  ** Test byte-range lock using fcntl(). If the call succeeds, 
-  ** assume that the file-system supports POSIX style locks. 
-  */
-  lockInfo.l_len = 1;
-  lockInfo.l_start = 0;
-  lockInfo.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-  lockInfo.l_type = F_RDLCK;
-  if( fcntl(pNew->h, F_GETLK, &lockInfo)!=-1 ) {
-    if( strcmp(fsInfo.f_fstypename, "nfs")==0 ){
-      return &nfsIoMethods;
-    } else {
-      return &posixIoMethods;
-    }
-  }else{
-    return &dotlockIoMethods;
-  }
-}
-static const sqlite3_io_methods 
-  *(*const autolockIoFinder)(const char*,unixFile*) = autolockIoFinderImpl;
-
-#endif /* defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
-
-#if OS_VXWORKS && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-/* 
-** This "finder" function attempts to determine the best locking strategy 
-** for the database file "filePath".  It then returns the sqlite3_io_methods
-** object that implements that strategy.
-**
-** This is for VXWorks only.
-*/
-static const sqlite3_io_methods *autolockIoFinderImpl(
-  const char *filePath,    /* name of the database file */
-  unixFile *pNew           /* the open file object */
-){
-  struct flock lockInfo;
-
-  if( !filePath ){
-    /* If filePath==NULL that means we are dealing with a transient file
-    ** that does not need to be locked. */
-    return &nolockIoMethods;
-  }
-
-  /* Test if fcntl() is supported and use POSIX style locks.
-  ** Otherwise fall back to the named semaphore method.
-  */
-  lockInfo.l_len = 1;
-  lockInfo.l_start = 0;
-  lockInfo.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-  lockInfo.l_type = F_RDLCK;
-  if( fcntl(pNew->h, F_GETLK, &lockInfo)!=-1 ) {
-    return &posixIoMethods;
-  }else{
-    return &semIoMethods;
-  }
-}
-static const sqlite3_io_methods 
-  *(*const autolockIoFinder)(const char*,unixFile*) = autolockIoFinderImpl;
-
-#endif /* OS_VXWORKS && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
-
-/*
-** An abstract type for a pointer to a IO method finder function:
-*/
-typedef const sqlite3_io_methods *(*finder_type)(const char*,unixFile*);
-
-
-/****************************************************************************
-**************************** sqlite3_vfs methods ****************************
-**
-** This division contains the implementation of methods on the
-** sqlite3_vfs object.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Initialize the contents of the unixFile structure pointed to by pId.
-*/
-static int fillInUnixFile(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,      /* Pointer to vfs object */
-  int h,                  /* Open file descriptor of file being opened */
-  int dirfd,              /* Directory file descriptor */
-  sqlite3_file *pId,      /* Write to the unixFile structure here */
-  const char *zFilename,  /* Name of the file being opened */
-  int noLock,             /* Omit locking if true */
-  int isDelete            /* Delete on close if true */
-){
-  const sqlite3_io_methods *pLockingStyle;
-  unixFile *pNew = (unixFile *)pId;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  assert( pNew->pLock==NULL );
-  assert( pNew->pOpen==NULL );
-
-  /* Parameter isDelete is only used on vxworks. Express this explicitly 
-  ** here to prevent compiler warnings about unused parameters.
-  */
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(isDelete);
-
-  OSTRACE3("OPEN    %-3d %s\n", h, zFilename);    
-  pNew->h = h;
-  pNew->dirfd = dirfd;
-  SET_THREADID(pNew);
-  pNew->fileFlags = 0;
-
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-  pNew->pId = vxworksFindFileId(zFilename);
-  if( pNew->pId==0 ){
-    noLock = 1;
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if( noLock ){
-    pLockingStyle = &nolockIoMethods;
-  }else{
-    pLockingStyle = (**(finder_type*)pVfs->pAppData)(zFilename, pNew);
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-    /* Cache zFilename in the locking context (AFP and dotlock override) for
-    ** proxyLock activation is possible (remote proxy is based on db name)
-    ** zFilename remains valid until file is closed, to support */
-    pNew->lockingContext = (void*)zFilename;
-#endif
-  }
-
-  if( pLockingStyle == &posixIoMethods
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-    || pLockingStyle == &nfsIoMethods
-#endif
-  ){
-    unixEnterMutex();
-    rc = findLockInfo(pNew, &pNew->pLock, &pNew->pOpen);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      /* If an error occured in findLockInfo(), close the file descriptor
-      ** immediately, before releasing the mutex. findLockInfo() may fail
-      ** in two scenarios:
-      **
-      **   (a) A call to fstat() failed.
-      **   (b) A malloc failed.
-      **
-      ** Scenario (b) may only occur if the process is holding no other
-      ** file descriptors open on the same file. If there were other file
-      ** descriptors on this file, then no malloc would be required by
-      ** findLockInfo(). If this is the case, it is quite safe to close
-      ** handle h - as it is guaranteed that no posix locks will be released
-      ** by doing so.
-      **
-      ** If scenario (a) caused the error then things are not so safe. The
-      ** implicit assumption here is that if fstat() fails, things are in
-      ** such bad shape that dropping a lock or two doesn't matter much.
-      */
-      close(h);
-      h = -1;
-    }
-    unixLeaveMutex();
-  }
-
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && defined(__APPLE__)
-  else if( pLockingStyle == &afpIoMethods ){
-    /* AFP locking uses the file path so it needs to be included in
-    ** the afpLockingContext.
-    */
-    afpLockingContext *pCtx;
-    pNew->lockingContext = pCtx = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCtx) );
-    if( pCtx==0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      /* NB: zFilename exists and remains valid until the file is closed
-      ** according to requirement F11141.  So we do not need to make a
-      ** copy of the filename. */
-      pCtx->dbPath = zFilename;
-      pCtx->reserved = 0;
-      srandomdev();
-      unixEnterMutex();
-      rc = findLockInfo(pNew, &pNew->pLock, &pNew->pOpen);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        sqlite3_free(pNew->lockingContext);
-        close(h);
-        h = -1;
-      }
-      unixLeaveMutex();        
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  else if( pLockingStyle == &dotlockIoMethods ){
-    /* Dotfile locking uses the file path so it needs to be included in
-    ** the dotlockLockingContext 
-    */
-    char *zLockFile;
-    int nFilename;
-    nFilename = (int)strlen(zFilename) + 6;
-    zLockFile = (char *)sqlite3_malloc(nFilename);
-    if( zLockFile==0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nFilename, zLockFile, "%s" DOTLOCK_SUFFIX, zFilename);
-    }
-    pNew->lockingContext = zLockFile;
-  }
-
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-  else if( pLockingStyle == &semIoMethods ){
-    /* Named semaphore locking uses the file path so it needs to be
-    ** included in the semLockingContext
-    */
-    unixEnterMutex();
-    rc = findLockInfo(pNew, &pNew->pLock, &pNew->pOpen);
-    if( (rc==SQLITE_OK) && (pNew->pOpen->pSem==NULL) ){
-      char *zSemName = pNew->pOpen->aSemName;
-      int n;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATHNAME, zSemName, "/%s.sem",
-                       pNew->pId->zCanonicalName);
-      for( n=1; zSemName[n]; n++ )
-        if( zSemName[n]=='/' ) zSemName[n] = '_';
-      pNew->pOpen->pSem = sem_open(zSemName, O_CREAT, 0666, 1);
-      if( pNew->pOpen->pSem == SEM_FAILED ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        pNew->pOpen->aSemName[0] = '\0';
-      }
-    }
-    unixLeaveMutex();
-  }
-#endif
-  
-  pNew->lastErrno = 0;
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( h>=0 ) close(h);
-    h = -1;
-    unlink(zFilename);
-    isDelete = 0;
-  }
-  pNew->isDelete = isDelete;
-#endif
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( dirfd>=0 ) close(dirfd); /* silent leak if fail, already in error */
-    if( h>=0 ) close(h);
-  }else{
-    pNew->pMethod = pLockingStyle;
-    OpenCounter(+1);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Open a file descriptor to the directory containing file zFilename.
-** If successful, *pFd is set to the opened file descriptor and
-** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, either SQLITE_NOMEM
-** or SQLITE_CANTOPEN is returned and *pFd is set to an undefined
-** value.
-**
-** If SQLITE_OK is returned, the caller is responsible for closing
-** the file descriptor *pFd using close().
-*/
-static int openDirectory(const char *zFilename, int *pFd){
-  int ii;
-  int fd = -1;
-  char zDirname[MAX_PATHNAME+1];
-
-  sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATHNAME, zDirname, "%s", zFilename);
-  for(ii=(int)strlen(zDirname); ii>1 && zDirname[ii]!='/'; ii--);
-  if( ii>0 ){
-    zDirname[ii] = '\0';
-    fd = open(zDirname, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY, 0);
-    if( fd>=0 ){
-#ifdef FD_CLOEXEC
-      fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0) | FD_CLOEXEC);
-#endif
-      OSTRACE3("OPENDIR %-3d %s\n", fd, zDirname);
-    }
-  }
-  *pFd = fd;
-  return (fd>=0?SQLITE_OK:SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT);
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a temporary file name in zBuf.  zBuf must be allocated
-** by the calling process and must be big enough to hold at least
-** pVfs->mxPathname bytes.
-*/
-static int getTempname(int nBuf, char *zBuf){
-  static const char *azDirs[] = {
-     0,
-     0,
-     "/var/tmp",
-     "/usr/tmp",
-     "/tmp",
-     ".",
-  };
-  static const unsigned char zChars[] =
-    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-    "0123456789";
-  unsigned int i, j;
-  struct stat buf;
-  const char *zDir = ".";
-
-  /* It's odd to simulate an io-error here, but really this is just
-  ** using the io-error infrastructure to test that SQLite handles this
-  ** function failing. 
-  */
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR );
-
-  azDirs[0] = sqlite3_temp_directory;
-  if (NULL == azDirs[1]) {
-    azDirs[1] = getenv("TMPDIR");
-  }
-  
-  for(i=0; i<sizeof(azDirs)/sizeof(azDirs[0]); i++){
-    if( azDirs[i]==0 ) continue;
-    if( stat(azDirs[i], &buf) ) continue;
-    if( !S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode) ) continue;
-    if( access(azDirs[i], 07) ) continue;
-    zDir = azDirs[i];
-    break;
-  }
-
-  /* Check that the output buffer is large enough for the temporary file 
-  ** name. If it is not, return SQLITE_ERROR.
-  */
-  if( (strlen(zDir) + strlen(SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX) + 17) >= (size_t)nBuf ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  do{
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf-17, zBuf, "%s/"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zDir);
-    j = (int)strlen(zBuf);
-    sqlite3_randomness(15, &zBuf[j]);
-    for(i=0; i<15; i++, j++){
-      zBuf[j] = (char)zChars[ ((unsigned char)zBuf[j])%(sizeof(zChars)-1) ];
-    }
-    zBuf[j] = 0;
-  }while( access(zBuf,0)==0 );
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && defined(__APPLE__)
-/*
-** Routine to transform a unixFile into a proxy-locking unixFile.
-** Implementation in the proxy-lock division, but used by unixOpen()
-** if SQLITE_PREFER_PROXY_LOCKING is defined.
-*/
-static int proxyTransformUnixFile(unixFile*, const char*);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Search for an unused file descriptor that was opened on the database 
-** file (not a journal or master-journal file) identified by pathname
-** zPath with SQLITE_OPEN_XXX flags matching those passed as the second
-** argument to this function.
-**
-** Such a file descriptor may exist if a database connection was closed
-** but the associated file descriptor could not be closed because some
-** other file descriptor open on the same file is holding a file-lock.
-** Refer to comments in the unixClose() function and the lengthy comment
-** describing "Posix Advisory Locking" at the start of this file for 
-** further details. Also, ticket #4018.
-**
-** If a suitable file descriptor is found, then it is returned. If no
-** such file descriptor is located, -1 is returned.
-*/
-static UnixUnusedFd *findReusableFd(const char *zPath, int flags){
-  UnixUnusedFd *pUnused = 0;
-
-  /* Do not search for an unused file descriptor on vxworks. Not because
-  ** vxworks would not benefit from the change (it might, we're not sure),
-  ** but because no way to test it is currently available. It is better 
-  ** not to risk breaking vxworks support for the sake of such an obscure 
-  ** feature.  */
-#if !OS_VXWORKS
-  struct stat sStat;                   /* Results of stat() call */
-
-  /* A stat() call may fail for various reasons. If this happens, it is
-  ** almost certain that an open() call on the same path will also fail.
-  ** For this reason, if an error occurs in the stat() call here, it is
-  ** ignored and -1 is returned. The caller will try to open a new file
-  ** descriptor on the same path, fail, and return an error to SQLite.
-  **
-  ** Even if a subsequent open() call does succeed, the consequences of
-  ** not searching for a resusable file descriptor are not dire.  */
-  if( 0==stat(zPath, &sStat) ){
-    struct unixOpenCnt *pOpen;
-
-    unixEnterMutex();
-    pOpen = openList;
-    while( pOpen && (pOpen->fileId.dev!=sStat.st_dev
-                     || pOpen->fileId.ino!=sStat.st_ino) ){
-       pOpen = pOpen->pNext;
-    }
-    if( pOpen ){
-      UnixUnusedFd **pp;
-      for(pp=&pOpen->pUnused; *pp && (*pp)->flags!=flags; pp=&((*pp)->pNext));
-      pUnused = *pp;
-      if( pUnused ){
-        *pp = pUnused->pNext;
-      }
-    }
-    unixLeaveMutex();
-  }
-#endif    /* if !OS_VXWORKS */
-  return pUnused;
-}
-
-/*
-** Open the file zPath.
-** 
-** Previously, the SQLite OS layer used three functions in place of this
-** one:
-**
-**     sqlite3OsOpenReadWrite();
-**     sqlite3OsOpenReadOnly();
-**     sqlite3OsOpenExclusive();
-**
-** These calls correspond to the following combinations of flags:
-**
-**     ReadWrite() ->     (READWRITE | CREATE)
-**     ReadOnly()  ->     (READONLY) 
-**     OpenExclusive() -> (READWRITE | CREATE | EXCLUSIVE)
-**
-** The old OpenExclusive() accepted a boolean argument - "delFlag". If
-** true, the file was configured to be automatically deleted when the
-** file handle closed. To achieve the same effect using this new 
-** interface, add the DELETEONCLOSE flag to those specified above for 
-** OpenExclusive().
-*/
-static int unixOpen(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,           /* The VFS for which this is the xOpen method */
-  const char *zPath,           /* Pathname of file to be opened */
-  sqlite3_file *pFile,         /* The file descriptor to be filled in */
-  int flags,                   /* Input flags to control the opening */
-  int *pOutFlags               /* Output flags returned to SQLite core */
-){
-  unixFile *p = (unixFile *)pFile;
-  int fd = -1;                   /* File descriptor returned by open() */
-  int dirfd = -1;                /* Directory file descriptor */
-  int openFlags = 0;             /* Flags to pass to open() */
-  int eType = flags&0xFFFFFF00;  /* Type of file to open */
-  int noLock;                    /* True to omit locking primitives */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;            /* Function Return Code */
-
-  int isExclusive  = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE);
-  int isDelete     = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE);
-  int isCreate     = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE);
-  int isReadonly   = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY);
-  int isReadWrite  = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE);
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-  int isAutoProxy  = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY);
-#endif
-
-  /* If creating a master or main-file journal, this function will open
-  ** a file-descriptor on the directory too. The first time unixSync()
-  ** is called the directory file descriptor will be fsync()ed and close()d.
-  */
-  int isOpenDirectory = (isCreate && 
-      (eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL)
-  );
-
-  /* If argument zPath is a NULL pointer, this function is required to open
-  ** a temporary file. Use this buffer to store the file name in.
-  */
-  char zTmpname[MAX_PATHNAME+1];
-  const char *zName = zPath;
-
-  /* Check the following statements are true: 
-  **
-  **   (a) Exactly one of the READWRITE and READONLY flags must be set, and 
-  **   (b) if CREATE is set, then READWRITE must also be set, and
-  **   (c) if EXCLUSIVE is set, then CREATE must also be set.
-  **   (d) if DELETEONCLOSE is set, then CREATE must also be set.
-  */
-  assert((isReadonly==0 || isReadWrite==0) && (isReadWrite || isReadonly));
-  assert(isCreate==0 || isReadWrite);
-  assert(isExclusive==0 || isCreate);
-  assert(isDelete==0 || isCreate);
-
-  /* The main DB, main journal, and master journal are never automatically
-  ** deleted. Nor are they ever temporary files.  */
-  assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB );
-  assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL );
-  assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL );
-
-  /* Assert that the upper layer has set one of the "file-type" flags. */
-  assert( eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB 
-       || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL 
-       || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL   || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL 
-       || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB
-  );
-
-  memset(p, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
-
-  if( eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
-    UnixUnusedFd *pUnused;
-    pUnused = findReusableFd(zName, flags);
-    if( pUnused ){
-      fd = pUnused->fd;
-    }else{
-      pUnused = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*pUnused));
-      if( !pUnused ){
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-    }
-    p->pUnused = pUnused;
-  }else if( !zName ){
-    /* If zName is NULL, the upper layer is requesting a temp file. */
-    assert(isDelete && !isOpenDirectory);
-    rc = getTempname(MAX_PATHNAME+1, zTmpname);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    zName = zTmpname;
-  }
-
-  /* Determine the value of the flags parameter passed to POSIX function
-  ** open(). These must be calculated even if open() is not called, as
-  ** they may be stored as part of the file handle and used by the 
-  ** 'conch file' locking functions later on.  */
-  if( isReadonly )  openFlags |= O_RDONLY;
-  if( isReadWrite ) openFlags |= O_RDWR;
-  if( isCreate )    openFlags |= O_CREAT;
-  if( isExclusive ) openFlags |= (O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW);
-  openFlags |= (O_LARGEFILE|O_BINARY);
-
-  if( fd<0 ){
-    mode_t openMode = (isDelete?0600:SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS);
-    fd = open(zName, openFlags, openMode);
-    OSTRACE4("OPENX   %-3d %s 0%o\n", fd, zName, openFlags);
-    if( fd<0 && errno!=EISDIR && isReadWrite && !isExclusive ){
-      /* Failed to open the file for read/write access. Try read-only. */
-      flags &= ~(SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE);
-      openFlags &= ~(O_RDWR|O_CREAT);
-      flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
-      openFlags |= O_RDONLY;
-      fd = open(zName, openFlags, openMode);
-    }
-    if( fd<0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
-      goto open_finished;
-    }
-  }
-  assert( fd>=0 );
-  if( pOutFlags ){
-    *pOutFlags = flags;
-  }
-
-  if( p->pUnused ){
-    p->pUnused->fd = fd;
-    p->pUnused->flags = flags;
-  }
-
-  if( isDelete ){
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-    zPath = zName;
-#else
-    unlink(zName);
-#endif
-  }
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-  else{
-    p->openFlags = openFlags;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if( isOpenDirectory ){
-    rc = openDirectory(zPath, &dirfd);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      /* It is safe to close fd at this point, because it is guaranteed not
-      ** to be open on a database file. If it were open on a database file,
-      ** it would not be safe to close as this would release any locks held
-      ** on the file by this process.  */
-      assert( eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB );
-      close(fd);             /* silently leak if fail, already in error */
-      goto open_finished;
-    }
-  }
-
-#ifdef FD_CLOEXEC
-  fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0) | FD_CLOEXEC);
-#endif
-
-  noLock = eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB;
-
-  
-#if defined(__APPLE__) || SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-  struct statfs fsInfo;
-  if( fstatfs(fd, &fsInfo) == -1 ){
-    ((unixFile*)pFile)->lastErrno = errno;
-    if( dirfd>=0 ) close(dirfd); /* silently leak if fail, in error */
-    close(fd); /* silently leak if fail, in error */
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS;
-  }
-  if (0 == strncmp("msdos", fsInfo.f_fstypename, 5)) {
-    ((unixFile*)pFile)->fsFlags |= SQLITE_FSFLAGS_IS_MSDOS;
-  }
-#endif
-  
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-#if SQLITE_PREFER_PROXY_LOCKING
-  isAutoProxy = 1;
-#endif
-  if( isAutoProxy && (zPath!=NULL) && (!noLock) && pVfs->xOpen ){
-    char *envforce = getenv("SQLITE_FORCE_PROXY_LOCKING");
-    int useProxy = 0;
-
-    /* SQLITE_FORCE_PROXY_LOCKING==1 means force always use proxy, 0 means 
-    ** never use proxy, NULL means use proxy for non-local files only.  */
-    if( envforce!=NULL ){
-      useProxy = atoi(envforce)>0;
-    }else{
-      struct statfs fsInfo;
-      if( statfs(zPath, &fsInfo) == -1 ){
-        /* In theory, the close(fd) call is sub-optimal. If the file opened
-        ** with fd is a database file, and there are other connections open
-        ** on that file that are currently holding advisory locks on it,
-        ** then the call to close() will cancel those locks. In practice,
-        ** we're assuming that statfs() doesn't fail very often. At least
-        ** not while other file descriptors opened by the same process on
-        ** the same file are working.  */
-        p->lastErrno = errno;
-        if( dirfd>=0 ){
-          close(dirfd); /* silently leak if fail, in error */
-        }
-        close(fd); /* silently leak if fail, in error */
-        rc = SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS;
-        goto open_finished;
-      }
-      useProxy = !(fsInfo.f_flags&MNT_LOCAL);
-    }
-    if( useProxy ){
-      rc = fillInUnixFile(pVfs, fd, dirfd, pFile, zPath, noLock, isDelete);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = proxyTransformUnixFile((unixFile*)pFile, ":auto:");
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          /* Use unixClose to clean up the resources added in fillInUnixFile 
-          ** and clear all the structure's references.  Specifically, 
-          ** pFile->pMethods will be NULL so sqlite3OsClose will be a no-op 
-          */
-          unixClose(pFile);
-          return rc;
-        }
-      }
-      goto open_finished;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  
-  rc = fillInUnixFile(pVfs, fd, dirfd, pFile, zPath, noLock, isDelete);
-open_finished:
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_free(p->pUnused);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Delete the file at zPath. If the dirSync argument is true, fsync()
-** the directory after deleting the file.
-*/
-static int unixDelete(
-  sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed,     /* VFS containing this as the xDelete method */
-  const char *zPath,        /* Name of file to be deleted */
-  int dirSync               /* If true, fsync() directory after deleting file */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE);
-  unlink(zPath);
-#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_DIRSYNC
-  if( dirSync ){
-    int fd;
-    rc = openDirectory(zPath, &fd);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-      if( fsync(fd)==-1 )
-#else
-      if( fsync(fd) )
-#endif
-      {
-        rc = SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC;
-      }
-      if( close(fd)&&!rc ){
-        rc = SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Test the existance of or access permissions of file zPath. The
-** test performed depends on the value of flags:
-**
-**     SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS: Return 1 if the file exists
-**     SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE: Return 1 if the file is read and writable.
-**     SQLITE_ACCESS_READONLY: Return 1 if the file is readable.
-**
-** Otherwise return 0.
-*/
-static int unixAccess(
-  sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed,   /* The VFS containing this xAccess method */
-  const char *zPath,      /* Path of the file to examine */
-  int flags,              /* What do we want to learn about the zPath file? */
-  int *pResOut            /* Write result boolean here */
-){
-  int amode = 0;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS; );
-  switch( flags ){
-    case SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS:
-      amode = F_OK;
-      break;
-    case SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE:
-      amode = W_OK|R_OK;
-      break;
-    case SQLITE_ACCESS_READ:
-      amode = R_OK;
-      break;
-
-    default:
-      assert(!"Invalid flags argument");
-  }
-  *pResOut = (access(zPath, amode)==0);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Turn a relative pathname into a full pathname. The relative path
-** is stored as a nul-terminated string in the buffer pointed to by
-** zPath. 
-**
-** zOut points to a buffer of at least sqlite3_vfs.mxPathname bytes 
-** (in this case, MAX_PATHNAME bytes). The full-path is written to
-** this buffer before returning.
-*/
-static int unixFullPathname(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,            /* Pointer to vfs object */
-  const char *zPath,            /* Possibly relative input path */
-  int nOut,                     /* Size of output buffer in bytes */
-  char *zOut                    /* Output buffer */
-){
-
-  /* It's odd to simulate an io-error here, but really this is just
-  ** using the io-error infrastructure to test that SQLite handles this
-  ** function failing. This function could fail if, for example, the
-  ** current working directory has been unlinked.
-  */
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_ERROR );
-
-  assert( pVfs->mxPathname==MAX_PATHNAME );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-
-  zOut[nOut-1] = '\0';
-  if( zPath[0]=='/' ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nOut, zOut, "%s", zPath);
-  }else{
-    int nCwd;
-    if( getcwd(zOut, nOut-1)==0 ){
-      return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
-    }
-    nCwd = (int)strlen(zOut);
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nOut-nCwd, &zOut[nCwd], "/%s", zPath);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-/*
-** Interfaces for opening a shared library, finding entry points
-** within the shared library, and closing the shared library.
-*/
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-static void *unixDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, const char *zFilename){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  return dlopen(zFilename, RTLD_NOW | RTLD_GLOBAL);
-}
-
-/*
-** SQLite calls this function immediately after a call to unixDlSym() or
-** unixDlOpen() fails (returns a null pointer). If a more detailed error
-** message is available, it is written to zBufOut. If no error message
-** is available, zBufOut is left unmodified and SQLite uses a default
-** error message.
-*/
-static void unixDlError(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int nBuf, char *zBufOut){
-  char *zErr;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  unixEnterMutex();
-  zErr = dlerror();
-  if( zErr ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf, zBufOut, "%s", zErr);
-  }
-  unixLeaveMutex();
-}
-static void (*unixDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, void *p, const char*zSym))(void){
-  /* 
-  ** GCC with -pedantic-errors says that C90 does not allow a void* to be
-  ** cast into a pointer to a function.  And yet the library dlsym() routine
-  ** returns a void* which is really a pointer to a function.  So how do we
-  ** use dlsym() with -pedantic-errors?
-  **
-  ** Variable x below is defined to be a pointer to a function taking
-  ** parameters void* and const char* and returning a pointer to a function.
-  ** We initialize x by assigning it a pointer to the dlsym() function.
-  ** (That assignment requires a cast.)  Then we call the function that
-  ** x points to.  
-  **
-  ** This work-around is unlikely to work correctly on any system where
-  ** you really cannot cast a function pointer into void*.  But then, on the
-  ** other hand, dlsym() will not work on such a system either, so we have
-  ** not really lost anything.
-  */
-  void (*(*x)(void*,const char*))(void);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  x = (void(*(*)(void*,const char*))(void))dlsym;
-  return (*x)(p, zSym);
-}
-static void unixDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, void *pHandle){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  dlclose(pHandle);
-}
-#else /* if SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION is defined: */
-  #define unixDlOpen  0
-  #define unixDlError 0
-  #define unixDlSym   0
-  #define unixDlClose 0
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Write nBuf bytes of random data to the supplied buffer zBuf.
-*/
-static int unixRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  assert((size_t)nBuf>=(sizeof(time_t)+sizeof(int)));
-
-  /* We have to initialize zBuf to prevent valgrind from reporting
-  ** errors.  The reports issued by valgrind are incorrect - we would
-  ** prefer that the randomness be increased by making use of the
-  ** uninitialized space in zBuf - but valgrind errors tend to worry
-  ** some users.  Rather than argue, it seems easier just to initialize
-  ** the whole array and silence valgrind, even if that means less randomness
-  ** in the random seed.
-  **
-  ** When testing, initializing zBuf[] to zero is all we do.  That means
-  ** that we always use the same random number sequence.  This makes the
-  ** tests repeatable.
-  */
-  memset(zBuf, 0, nBuf);
-#if !defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-  {
-    int pid, fd;
-    fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
-    if( fd<0 ){
-      time_t t;
-      time(&t);
-      memcpy(zBuf, &t, sizeof(t));
-      pid = getpid();
-      memcpy(&zBuf[sizeof(t)], &pid, sizeof(pid));
-      assert( sizeof(t)+sizeof(pid)<=(size_t)nBuf );
-      nBuf = sizeof(t) + sizeof(pid);
-    }else{
-      nBuf = read(fd, zBuf, nBuf);
-      close(fd);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  return nBuf;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Sleep for a little while.  Return the amount of time slept.
-** The argument is the number of microseconds we want to sleep.
-** The return value is the number of microseconds of sleep actually
-** requested from the underlying operating system, a number which
-** might be greater than or equal to the argument, but not less
-** than the argument.
-*/
-static int unixSleep(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int microseconds){
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-  struct timespec sp;
-
-  sp.tv_sec = microseconds / 1000000;
-  sp.tv_nsec = (microseconds % 1000000) * 1000;
-  nanosleep(&sp, NULL);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  return microseconds;
-#elif defined(HAVE_USLEEP) && HAVE_USLEEP
-  usleep(microseconds);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  return microseconds;
-#else
-  int seconds = (microseconds+999999)/1000000;
-  sleep(seconds);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  return seconds*1000000;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** The following variable, if set to a non-zero value, is interpreted as
-** the number of seconds since 1970 and is used to set the result of
-** sqlite3OsCurrentTime() during testing.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_current_time = 0;  /* Fake system time in seconds since 1970. */
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Find the current time (in Universal Coordinated Time).  Write the
-** current time and date as a Julian Day number into *prNow and
-** return 0.  Return 1 if the time and date cannot be found.
-*/
-static int unixCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, double *prNow){
-#if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT)
-  time_t t;
-  time(&t);
-  *prNow = (((sqlite3_int64)t)/8640 + 24405875)/10;
-#elif defined(NO_GETTOD)
-  time_t t;
-  time(&t);
-  *prNow = t/86400.0 + 2440587.5;
-#elif OS_VXWORKS
-  struct timespec sNow;
-  clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &sNow);
-  *prNow = 2440587.5 + sNow.tv_sec/86400.0 + sNow.tv_nsec/86400000000000.0;
-#else
-  struct timeval sNow;
-  gettimeofday(&sNow, 0);
-  *prNow = 2440587.5 + sNow.tv_sec/86400.0 + sNow.tv_usec/86400000000.0;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  if( sqlite3_current_time ){
-    *prNow = sqlite3_current_time/86400.0 + 2440587.5;
-  }
-#endif
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** We added the xGetLastError() method with the intention of providing
-** better low-level error messages when operating-system problems come up
-** during SQLite operation.  But so far, none of that has been implemented
-** in the core.  So this routine is never called.  For now, it is merely
-** a place-holder.
-*/
-static int unixGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int NotUsed2, char *NotUsed3){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed2);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed3);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-************************ End of sqlite3_vfs methods ***************************
-******************************************************************************/
-
-/******************************************************************************
-************************** Begin Proxy Locking ********************************
-**
-** Proxy locking is a "uber-locking-method" in this sense:  It uses the
-** other locking methods on secondary lock files.  Proxy locking is a
-** meta-layer over top of the primitive locking implemented above.  For
-** this reason, the division that implements of proxy locking is deferred
-** until late in the file (here) after all of the other I/O methods have
-** been defined - so that the primitive locking methods are available
-** as services to help with the implementation of proxy locking.
-**
-****
-**
-** The default locking schemes in SQLite use byte-range locks on the
-** database file to coordinate safe, concurrent access by multiple readers
-** and writers [http://sqlite.org/lockingv3.html].  The five file locking
-** states (UNLOCKED, PENDING, SHARED, RESERVED, EXCLUSIVE) are implemented
-** as POSIX read & write locks over fixed set of locations (via fsctl),
-** on AFP and SMB only exclusive byte-range locks are available via fsctl
-** with _IOWR('z', 23, struct ByteRangeLockPB2) to track the same 5 states.
-** To simulate a F_RDLCK on the shared range, on AFP a randomly selected
-** address in the shared range is taken for a SHARED lock, the entire
-** shared range is taken for an EXCLUSIVE lock):
-**
-**      PENDING_BYTE        0x40000000                 
-**      RESERVED_BYTE       0x40000001
-**      SHARED_RANGE        0x40000002 -> 0x40000200
-**
-** This works well on the local file system, but shows a nearly 100x
-** slowdown in read performance on AFP because the AFP client disables
-** the read cache when byte-range locks are present.  Enabling the read
-** cache exposes a cache coherency problem that is present on all OS X
-** supported network file systems.  NFS and AFP both observe the
-** close-to-open semantics for ensuring cache coherency
-** [http://nfs.sourceforge.net/#faq_a8], which does not effectively
-** address the requirements for concurrent database access by multiple
-** readers and writers
-** [http://www.nabble.com/SQLite-on-NFS-cache-coherency-td15655701.html].
-**
-** To address the performance and cache coherency issues, proxy file locking
-** changes the way database access is controlled by limiting access to a
-** single host at a time and moving file locks off of the database file
-** and onto a proxy file on the local file system.  
-**
-**
-** Using proxy locks
-** -----------------
-**
-** C APIs
-**
-**  sqlite3_file_control(db, dbname, SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE,
-**                       <proxy_path> | ":auto:");
-**  sqlite3_file_control(db, dbname, SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE, &<proxy_path>);
-**
-**
-** SQL pragmas
-**
-**  PRAGMA [database.]lock_proxy_file=<proxy_path> | :auto:
-**  PRAGMA [database.]lock_proxy_file
-**
-** Specifying ":auto:" means that if there is a conch file with a matching
-** host ID in it, the proxy path in the conch file will be used, otherwise
-** a proxy path based on the user's temp dir
-** (via confstr(_CS_DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR,...)) will be used and the
-** actual proxy file name is generated from the name and path of the
-** database file.  For example:
-**
-**       For database path "/Users/me/foo.db" 
-**       The lock path will be "<tmpdir>/sqliteplocks/_Users_me_foo.db:auto:")
-**
-** Once a lock proxy is configured for a database connection, it can not
-** be removed, however it may be switched to a different proxy path via
-** the above APIs (assuming the conch file is not being held by another
-** connection or process). 
-**
-**
-** How proxy locking works
-** -----------------------
-**
-** Proxy file locking relies primarily on two new supporting files: 
-**
-**   *  conch file to limit access to the database file to a single host
-**      at a time
-**
-**   *  proxy file to act as a proxy for the advisory locks normally
-**      taken on the database
-**
-** The conch file - to use a proxy file, sqlite must first "hold the conch"
-** by taking an sqlite-style shared lock on the conch file, reading the
-** contents and comparing the host's unique host ID (see below) and lock
-** proxy path against the values stored in the conch.  The conch file is
-** stored in the same directory as the database file and the file name
-** is patterned after the database file name as ".<databasename>-conch".
-** If the conch file does not exist, or it's contents do not match the
-** host ID and/or proxy path, then the lock is escalated to an exclusive
-** lock and the conch file contents is updated with the host ID and proxy
-** path and the lock is downgraded to a shared lock again.  If the conch
-** is held by another process (with a shared lock), the exclusive lock
-** will fail and SQLITE_BUSY is returned.
-**
-** The proxy file - a single-byte file used for all advisory file locks
-** normally taken on the database file.   This allows for safe sharing
-** of the database file for multiple readers and writers on the same
-** host (the conch ensures that they all use the same local lock file).
-**
-** Requesting the lock proxy does not immediately take the conch, it is
-** only taken when the first request to lock database file is made.  
-** This matches the semantics of the traditional locking behavior, where
-** opening a connection to a database file does not take a lock on it.
-** The shared lock and an open file descriptor are maintained until 
-** the connection to the database is closed. 
-**
-** The proxy file and the lock file are never deleted so they only need
-** to be created the first time they are used.
-**
-** Configuration options
-** ---------------------
-**
-**  SQLITE_PREFER_PROXY_LOCKING
-**
-**       Database files accessed on non-local file systems are
-**       automatically configured for proxy locking, lock files are
-**       named automatically using the same logic as
-**       PRAGMA lock_proxy_file=":auto:"
-**    
-**  SQLITE_PROXY_DEBUG
-**
-**       Enables the logging of error messages during host id file
-**       retrieval and creation
-**
-**  LOCKPROXYDIR
-**
-**       Overrides the default directory used for lock proxy files that
-**       are named automatically via the ":auto:" setting
-**
-**  SQLITE_DEFAULT_PROXYDIR_PERMISSIONS
-**
-**       Permissions to use when creating a directory for storing the
-**       lock proxy files, only used when LOCKPROXYDIR is not set.
-**    
-**    
-** As mentioned above, when compiled with SQLITE_PREFER_PROXY_LOCKING,
-** setting the environment variable SQLITE_FORCE_PROXY_LOCKING to 1 will
-** force proxy locking to be used for every database file opened, and 0
-** will force automatic proxy locking to be disabled for all database
-** files (explicity calling the SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE pragma or
-** sqlite_file_control API is not affected by SQLITE_FORCE_PROXY_LOCKING).
-*/
-
-/*
-** Proxy locking is only available on MacOSX 
-*/
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-
-/*
-** The proxyLockingContext has the path and file structures for the remote 
-** and local proxy files in it
-*/
-typedef struct proxyLockingContext proxyLockingContext;
-struct proxyLockingContext {
-  unixFile *conchFile;         /* Open conch file */
-  char *conchFilePath;         /* Name of the conch file */
-  unixFile *lockProxy;         /* Open proxy lock file */
-  char *lockProxyPath;         /* Name of the proxy lock file */
-  char *dbPath;                /* Name of the open file */
-  int conchHeld;               /* 1 if the conch is held, -1 if lockless */
-  void *oldLockingContext;     /* Original lockingcontext to restore on close */
-  sqlite3_io_methods const *pOldMethod;     /* Original I/O methods for close */
-};
-
-/* 
-** The proxy lock file path for the database at dbPath is written into lPath, 
-** which must point to valid, writable memory large enough for a maxLen length
-** file path. 
-*/
-static int proxyGetLockPath(const char *dbPath, char *lPath, size_t maxLen){
-  int len;
-  int dbLen;
-  int i;
-
-#ifdef LOCKPROXYDIR
-  len = strlcpy(lPath, LOCKPROXYDIR, maxLen);
-#else
-# ifdef _CS_DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR
-  {
-    if( !confstr(_CS_DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR, lPath, maxLen) ){
-      OSTRACE4("GETLOCKPATH  failed %s errno=%d pid=%d\n",
-               lPath, errno, getpid());
-      return SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
-    }
-    len = strlcat(lPath, "sqliteplocks", maxLen);    
-  }
-# else
-  len = strlcpy(lPath, "/tmp/", maxLen);
-# endif
-#endif
-
-  if( lPath[len-1]!='/' ){
-    len = strlcat(lPath, "/", maxLen);
-  }
-  
-  /* transform the db path to a unique cache name */
-  dbLen = (int)strlen(dbPath);
-  for( i=0; i<dbLen && (i+len+7)<maxLen; i++){
-    char c = dbPath[i];
-    lPath[i+len] = (c=='/')?'_':c;
-  }
-  lPath[i+len]='\0';
-  strlcat(lPath, ":auto:", maxLen);
-  OSTRACE3("GETLOCKPATH  proxy lock path=%s pid=%d\n", lPath, getpid());
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/* 
- ** Creates the lock file and any missing directories in lockPath
- */
-static int proxyCreateLockPath(const char *lockPath){
-  int i, len;
-  char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
-  int start = 0;
-  
-  assert(lockPath!=NULL);
-  /* try to create all the intermediate directories */
-  len = (int)strlen(lockPath);
-  buf[0] = lockPath[0];
-  for( i=1; i<len; i++ ){
-    if( lockPath[i] == '/' && (i - start > 0) ){
-      /* only mkdir if leaf dir != "." or "/" or ".." */
-      if( i-start>2 || (i-start==1 && buf[start] != '.' && buf[start] != '/') 
-         || (i-start==2 && buf[start] != '.' && buf[start+1] != '.') ){
-        buf[i]='\0';
-        if( mkdir(buf, SQLITE_DEFAULT_PROXYDIR_PERMISSIONS) ){
-          int err=errno;
-          if( err!=EEXIST ) {
-            OSTRACE5("CREATELOCKPATH  FAILED creating %s, "
-                     "'%s' proxy lock path=%s pid=%d\n",
-                     buf, strerror(err), lockPath, getpid());
-            return err;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      start=i+1;
-    }
-    buf[i] = lockPath[i];
-  }
-  OSTRACE3("CREATELOCKPATH  proxy lock path=%s pid=%d\n", lockPath, getpid());
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a new VFS file descriptor (stored in memory obtained from
-** sqlite3_malloc) and open the file named "path" in the file descriptor.
-**
-** The caller is responsible not only for closing the file descriptor
-** but also for freeing the memory associated with the file descriptor.
-*/
-static int proxyCreateUnixFile(
-    const char *path,        /* path for the new unixFile */
-    unixFile **ppFile,       /* unixFile created and returned by ref */
-    int islockfile           /* if non zero missing dirs will be created */
-) {
-  int fd = -1;
-  int dirfd = -1;
-  unixFile *pNew;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int openFlags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
-  sqlite3_vfs dummyVfs;
-  int terrno = 0;
-  UnixUnusedFd *pUnused = NULL;
-
-  /* 1. first try to open/create the file
-  ** 2. if that fails, and this is a lock file (not-conch), try creating
-  ** the parent directories and then try again.
-  ** 3. if that fails, try to open the file read-only
-  ** otherwise return BUSY (if lock file) or CANTOPEN for the conch file
-  */
-  pUnused = findReusableFd(path, openFlags);
-  if( pUnused ){
-    fd = pUnused->fd;
-  }else{
-    pUnused = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*pUnused));
-    if( !pUnused ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-  }
-  if( fd<0 ){
-    fd = open(path, openFlags, SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS);
-    terrno = errno;
-    if( fd<0 && errno==ENOENT && islockfile ){
-      if( proxyCreateLockPath(path) == SQLITE_OK ){
-        fd = open(path, openFlags, SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if( fd<0 ){
-    openFlags = O_RDONLY;
-    fd = open(path, openFlags, SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS);
-    terrno = errno;
-  }
-  if( fd<0 ){
-    if( islockfile ){
-      return SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }
-    switch (terrno) {
-      case EACCES:
-        return SQLITE_PERM;
-      case EIO: 
-        return SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK; /* even though it is the conch */
-      default:
-        return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
-    }
-  }
-  
-  pNew = (unixFile *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*pNew));
-  if( pNew==NULL ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    goto end_create_proxy;
-  }
-  memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
-  pNew->openFlags = openFlags;
-  dummyVfs.pAppData = (void*)&autolockIoFinder;
-  pUnused->fd = fd;
-  pUnused->flags = openFlags;
-  pNew->pUnused = pUnused;
-  
-  rc = fillInUnixFile(&dummyVfs, fd, dirfd, (sqlite3_file*)pNew, path, 0, 0);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    *ppFile = pNew;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-end_create_proxy:    
-  close(fd); /* silently leak fd if error, we're already in error */
-  sqlite3_free(pNew);
-  sqlite3_free(pUnused);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-/* simulate multiple hosts by creating unique hostid file paths */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_hostid_num = 0;
-#endif
-
-#define PROXY_HOSTIDLEN    16  /* conch file host id length */
-
-/* get the host ID via gethostuuid(), pHostID must point to PROXY_HOSTIDLEN 
-** bytes of writable memory.
-*/
-static int proxyGetHostID(unsigned char *pHostID, int *pError){
-  struct timespec timeout = {1, 0}; /* 1 sec timeout */
-  
-  assert(PROXY_HOSTIDLEN == sizeof(uuid_t));
-  memset(pHostID, 0, PROXY_HOSTIDLEN);
-  if( gethostuuid(pHostID, &timeout) ){
-    int err = errno;
-    if( pError ){
-      *pError = err;
-    }
-    return SQLITE_IOERR;
-  }
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  /* simulate multiple hosts by creating unique hostid file paths */
-  if( sqlite3_hostid_num != 0){
-    pHostID[0] = (char)(pHostID[0] + (char)(sqlite3_hostid_num & 0xFF));
-  }
-#endif
-  
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/* The conch file contains the header, host id and lock file path
- */
-#define PROXY_CONCHVERSION 2   /* 1-byte header, 16-byte host id, path */
-#define PROXY_HEADERLEN    1   /* conch file header length */
-#define PROXY_PATHINDEX    (PROXY_HEADERLEN+PROXY_HOSTIDLEN)
-#define PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN  (PROXY_HEADERLEN+PROXY_HOSTIDLEN+MAXPATHLEN)
-
-/* 
-** Takes an open conch file, copies the contents to a new path and then moves 
-** it back.  The newly created file's file descriptor is assigned to the
-** conch file structure and finally the original conch file descriptor is 
-** closed.  Returns zero if successful.
-*/
-static int proxyBreakConchLock(unixFile *pFile, uuid_t myHostID){
-  proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext; 
-  unixFile *conchFile = pCtx->conchFile;
-  char tPath[MAXPATHLEN];
-  char buf[PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN];
-  char *cPath = pCtx->conchFilePath;
-  size_t readLen = 0;
-  size_t pathLen = 0;
-  char errmsg[64] = "";
-  int fd = -1;
-  int rc = -1;
-
-  /* create a new path by replace the trailing '-conch' with '-break' */
-  pathLen = strlcpy(tPath, cPath, MAXPATHLEN);
-  if( pathLen>MAXPATHLEN || pathLen<6 || 
-     (strlcpy(&tPath[pathLen-5], "break", 6) != 5) ){
-    sprintf(errmsg, "path error (len %d)", (int)pathLen);
-    goto end_breaklock;
-  }
-  /* read the conch content */
-  readLen = pread(conchFile->h, buf, PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN, 0);
-  if( readLen<PROXY_PATHINDEX ){
-    sprintf(errmsg, "read error (len %d)", (int)readLen);
-    goto end_breaklock;
-  }
-  /* write it out to the temporary break file */
-  fd = open(tPath, (O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL), SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS);
-  if( fd<0 ){
-    sprintf(errmsg, "create failed (%d)", errno);
-    goto end_breaklock;
-  }
-  if( pwrite(fd, buf, readLen, 0) != readLen ){
-    sprintf(errmsg, "write failed (%d)", errno);
-    goto end_breaklock;
-  }
-  if( rename(tPath, cPath) ){
-    sprintf(errmsg, "rename failed (%d)", errno);
-    goto end_breaklock;
-  }
-  rc = 0;
-  fprintf(stderr, "broke stale lock on %s\n", cPath);
-  close(conchFile->h);
-  conchFile->h = fd;
-  conchFile->openFlags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
-
-end_breaklock:
-  if( rc ){
-    if( fd>=0 ){
-      unlink(tPath);
-      close(fd);
-    }
-    fprintf(stderr, "failed to break stale lock on %s, %s\n", cPath, errmsg);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* Take the requested lock on the conch file and break a stale lock if the 
-** host id matches.
-*/
-static int proxyConchLock(unixFile *pFile, uuid_t myHostID, int lockType){
-  proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext; 
-  unixFile *conchFile = pCtx->conchFile;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int nTries = 0;
-  struct timespec conchModTime;
-  
-  do {
-    rc = conchFile->pMethod->xLock((sqlite3_file*)conchFile, lockType);
-    nTries ++;
-    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-      /* If the lock failed (busy):
-       * 1st try: get the mod time of the conch, wait 0.5s and try again. 
-       * 2nd try: fail if the mod time changed or host id is different, wait 
-       *           10 sec and try again
-       * 3rd try: break the lock unless the mod time has changed.
-       */
-      struct stat buf;
-      if( fstat(conchFile->h, &buf) ){
-        pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-        return SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
-      }
-      
-      if( nTries==1 ){
-        conchModTime = buf.st_mtimespec;
-        usleep(500000); /* wait 0.5 sec and try the lock again*/
-        continue;  
-      }
-
-      assert( nTries>1 );
-      if( conchModTime.tv_sec != buf.st_mtimespec.tv_sec || 
-         conchModTime.tv_nsec != buf.st_mtimespec.tv_nsec ){
-        return SQLITE_BUSY;
-      }
-      
-      if( nTries==2 ){  
-        char tBuf[PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN];
-        int len = pread(conchFile->h, tBuf, PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN, 0);
-        if( len<0 ){
-          pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-          return SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
-        }
-        if( len>PROXY_PATHINDEX && tBuf[0]==(char)PROXY_CONCHVERSION){
-          /* don't break the lock if the host id doesn't match */
-          if( 0!=memcmp(&tBuf[PROXY_HEADERLEN], myHostID, PROXY_HOSTIDLEN) ){
-            return SQLITE_BUSY;
-          }
-        }else{
-          /* don't break the lock on short read or a version mismatch */
-          return SQLITE_BUSY;
-        }
-        usleep(10000000); /* wait 10 sec and try the lock again */
-        continue; 
-      }
-      
-      assert( nTries==3 );
-      if( 0==proxyBreakConchLock(pFile, myHostID) ){
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
-        if( lockType==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
-          rc = conchFile->pMethod->xLock((sqlite3_file*)conchFile, SHARED_LOCK);          
-        }
-        if( !rc ){
-          rc = conchFile->pMethod->xLock((sqlite3_file*)conchFile, lockType);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  } while( rc==SQLITE_BUSY && nTries<3 );
-  
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* Takes the conch by taking a shared lock and read the contents conch, if 
-** lockPath is non-NULL, the host ID and lock file path must match.  A NULL 
-** lockPath means that the lockPath in the conch file will be used if the 
-** host IDs match, or a new lock path will be generated automatically 
-** and written to the conch file.
-*/
-static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
-  proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext; 
-  
-  if( pCtx->conchHeld!=0 ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    unixFile *conchFile = pCtx->conchFile;
-    uuid_t myHostID;
-    int pError = 0;
-    char readBuf[PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN];
-    char lockPath[MAXPATHLEN];
-    char *tempLockPath = NULL;
-    int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    int createConch = 0;
-    int hostIdMatch = 0;
-    int readLen = 0;
-    int tryOldLockPath = 0;
-    int forceNewLockPath = 0;
-    
-    OSTRACE4("TAKECONCH  %d for %s pid=%d\n", conchFile->h,
-             (pCtx->lockProxyPath ? pCtx->lockProxyPath : ":auto:"), getpid());
-
-    rc = proxyGetHostID(myHostID, &pError);
-    if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_IOERR ){
-      pFile->lastErrno = pError;
-      goto end_takeconch;
-    }
-    rc = proxyConchLock(pFile, myHostID, SHARED_LOCK);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto end_takeconch;
-    }
-    /* read the existing conch file */
-    readLen = seekAndRead((unixFile*)conchFile, 0, readBuf, PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN);
-    if( readLen<0 ){
-      /* I/O error: lastErrno set by seekAndRead */
-      pFile->lastErrno = conchFile->lastErrno;
-      rc = SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
-      goto end_takeconch;
-    }else if( readLen<=(PROXY_HEADERLEN+PROXY_HOSTIDLEN) || 
-             readBuf[0]!=(char)PROXY_CONCHVERSION ){
-      /* a short read or version format mismatch means we need to create a new 
-      ** conch file. 
-      */
-      createConch = 1;
-    }
-    /* if the host id matches and the lock path already exists in the conch
-    ** we'll try to use the path there, if we can't open that path, we'll 
-    ** retry with a new auto-generated path 
-    */
-    do { /* in case we need to try again for an :auto: named lock file */
-
-      if( !createConch && !forceNewLockPath ){
-        hostIdMatch = !memcmp(&readBuf[PROXY_HEADERLEN], myHostID, 
-                                  PROXY_HOSTIDLEN);
-        /* if the conch has data compare the contents */
-        if( !pCtx->lockProxyPath ){
-          /* for auto-named local lock file, just check the host ID and we'll
-           ** use the local lock file path that's already in there
-           */
-          if( hostIdMatch ){
-            size_t pathLen = (readLen - PROXY_PATHINDEX);
-            
-            if( pathLen>=MAXPATHLEN ){
-              pathLen=MAXPATHLEN-1;
-            }
-            memcpy(lockPath, &readBuf[PROXY_PATHINDEX], pathLen);
-            lockPath[pathLen] = 0;
-            tempLockPath = lockPath;
-            tryOldLockPath = 1;
-            /* create a copy of the lock path if the conch is taken */
-            goto end_takeconch;
-          }
-        }else if( hostIdMatch
-               && !strncmp(pCtx->lockProxyPath, &readBuf[PROXY_PATHINDEX],
-                           readLen-PROXY_PATHINDEX)
-        ){
-          /* conch host and lock path match */
-          goto end_takeconch; 
-        }
-      }
-      
-      /* if the conch isn't writable and doesn't match, we can't take it */
-      if( (conchFile->openFlags&O_RDWR) == 0 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-        goto end_takeconch;
-      }
-      
-      /* either the conch didn't match or we need to create a new one */
-      if( !pCtx->lockProxyPath ){
-        proxyGetLockPath(pCtx->dbPath, lockPath, MAXPATHLEN);
-        tempLockPath = lockPath;
-        /* create a copy of the lock path _only_ if the conch is taken */
-      }
-      
-      /* update conch with host and path (this will fail if other process
-      ** has a shared lock already), if the host id matches, use the big
-      ** stick.
-      */
-      futimes(conchFile->h, NULL);
-      if( hostIdMatch && !createConch ){
-        if( conchFile->pLock && conchFile->pLock->cnt>1 ){
-          /* We are trying for an exclusive lock but another thread in this
-           ** same process is still holding a shared lock. */
-          rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-        } else {          
-          rc = proxyConchLock(pFile, myHostID, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
-        }
-      }else{
-        rc = conchFile->pMethod->xLock((sqlite3_file*)conchFile, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        char writeBuffer[PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN];
-        int writeSize = 0;
-        
-        writeBuffer[0] = (char)PROXY_CONCHVERSION;
-        memcpy(&writeBuffer[PROXY_HEADERLEN], myHostID, PROXY_HOSTIDLEN);
-        if( pCtx->lockProxyPath!=NULL ){
-          strlcpy(&writeBuffer[PROXY_PATHINDEX], pCtx->lockProxyPath, MAXPATHLEN);
-        }else{
-          strlcpy(&writeBuffer[PROXY_PATHINDEX], tempLockPath, MAXPATHLEN);
-        }
-        writeSize = PROXY_PATHINDEX + strlen(&writeBuffer[PROXY_PATHINDEX]);
-        ftruncate(conchFile->h, writeSize);
-        rc = unixWrite((sqlite3_file *)conchFile, writeBuffer, writeSize, 0);
-        fsync(conchFile->h);
-        /* If we created a new conch file (not just updated the contents of a 
-         ** valid conch file), try to match the permissions of the database 
-         */
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && createConch ){
-          struct stat buf;
-          int err = fstat(pFile->h, &buf);
-          if( err==0 ){
-            mode_t cmode = buf.st_mode&(S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP |
-                                        S_IROTH|S_IWOTH);
-            /* try to match the database file R/W permissions, ignore failure */
-#ifndef SQLITE_PROXY_DEBUG
-            fchmod(conchFile->h, cmode);
-#else
-            if( fchmod(conchFile->h, cmode)!=0 ){
-              int code = errno;
-              fprintf(stderr, "fchmod %o FAILED with %d %s\n",
-                      cmode, code, strerror(code));
-            } else {
-              fprintf(stderr, "fchmod %o SUCCEDED\n",cmode);
-            }
-          }else{
-            int code = errno;
-            fprintf(stderr, "STAT FAILED[%d] with %d %s\n", 
-                    err, code, strerror(code));
-#endif
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      conchFile->pMethod->xUnlock((sqlite3_file*)conchFile, SHARED_LOCK);
-      
-    end_takeconch:
-      OSTRACE2("TRANSPROXY: CLOSE  %d\n", pFile->h);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pFile->openFlags ){
-        if( pFile->h>=0 ){
-#ifdef STRICT_CLOSE_ERROR
-          if( close(pFile->h) ){
-            pFile->lastErrno = errno;
-            return SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE;
-          }
-#else
-          close(pFile->h); /* silently leak fd if fail */
-#endif
-        }
-        pFile->h = -1;
-        int fd = open(pCtx->dbPath, pFile->openFlags,
-                      SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS);
-        OSTRACE2("TRANSPROXY: OPEN  %d\n", fd);
-        if( fd>=0 ){
-          pFile->h = fd;
-        }else{
-          rc=SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT; /* SQLITE_BUSY? proxyTakeConch called
-           during locking */
-        }
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !pCtx->lockProxy ){
-        char *path = tempLockPath ? tempLockPath : pCtx->lockProxyPath;
-        rc = proxyCreateUnixFile(path, &pCtx->lockProxy, 1);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_NOMEM && tryOldLockPath ){
-          /* we couldn't create the proxy lock file with the old lock file path
-           ** so try again via auto-naming 
-           */
-          forceNewLockPath = 1;
-          tryOldLockPath = 0;
-          continue; /* go back to the do {} while start point, try again */
-        }
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        /* Need to make a copy of path if we extracted the value
-         ** from the conch file or the path was allocated on the stack
-         */
-        if( tempLockPath ){
-          pCtx->lockProxyPath = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, tempLockPath);
-          if( !pCtx->lockProxyPath ){
-            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        pCtx->conchHeld = 1;
-        
-        if( pCtx->lockProxy->pMethod == &afpIoMethods ){
-          afpLockingContext *afpCtx;
-          afpCtx = (afpLockingContext *)pCtx->lockProxy->lockingContext;
-          afpCtx->dbPath = pCtx->lockProxyPath;
-        }
-      } else {
-        conchFile->pMethod->xUnlock((sqlite3_file*)conchFile, NO_LOCK);
-      }
-      OSTRACE3("TAKECONCH  %d %s\n", conchFile->h, rc==SQLITE_OK?"ok":"failed");
-      return rc;
-    } while (1); /* in case we need to retry the :auto: lock file - we should never get here except via the 'continue' call. */
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** If pFile holds a lock on a conch file, then release that lock.
-*/
-static int proxyReleaseConch(unixFile *pFile){
-  int rc;                     /* Subroutine return code */
-  proxyLockingContext *pCtx;  /* The locking context for the proxy lock */
-  unixFile *conchFile;        /* Name of the conch file */
-
-  pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext;
-  conchFile = pCtx->conchFile;
-  OSTRACE4("RELEASECONCH  %d for %s pid=%d\n", conchFile->h,
-           (pCtx->lockProxyPath ? pCtx->lockProxyPath : ":auto:"), 
-           getpid());
-  if( pCtx->conchHeld>0 ){
-    rc = conchFile->pMethod->xUnlock((sqlite3_file*)conchFile, NO_LOCK);
-  }
-  pCtx->conchHeld = 0;
-  OSTRACE3("RELEASECONCH  %d %s\n", conchFile->h,
-           (rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed"));
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Given the name of a database file, compute the name of its conch file.
-** Store the conch filename in memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
-** Make *pConchPath point to the new name.  Return SQLITE_OK on success
-** or SQLITE_NOMEM if unable to obtain memory.
-**
-** The caller is responsible for ensuring that the allocated memory
-** space is eventually freed.
-**
-** *pConchPath is set to NULL if a memory allocation error occurs.
-*/
-static int proxyCreateConchPathname(char *dbPath, char **pConchPath){
-  int i;                        /* Loop counter */
-  int len = (int)strlen(dbPath); /* Length of database filename - dbPath */
-  char *conchPath;              /* buffer in which to construct conch name */
-
-  /* Allocate space for the conch filename and initialize the name to
-  ** the name of the original database file. */  
-  *pConchPath = conchPath = (char *)sqlite3_malloc(len + 8);
-  if( conchPath==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  memcpy(conchPath, dbPath, len+1);
-  
-  /* now insert a "." before the last / character */
-  for( i=(len-1); i>=0; i-- ){
-    if( conchPath[i]=='/' ){
-      i++;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  conchPath[i]='.';
-  while ( i<len ){
-    conchPath[i+1]=dbPath[i];
-    i++;
-  }
-
-  /* append the "-conch" suffix to the file */
-  memcpy(&conchPath[i+1], "-conch", 7);
-  assert( (int)strlen(conchPath) == len+7 );
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-/* Takes a fully configured proxy locking-style unix file and switches
-** the local lock file path 
-*/
-static int switchLockProxyPath(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
-  proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext*)pFile->lockingContext;
-  char *oldPath = pCtx->lockProxyPath;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  if( pFile->locktype!=NO_LOCK ){
-    return SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }  
-
-  /* nothing to do if the path is NULL, :auto: or matches the existing path */
-  if( !path || path[0]=='\0' || !strcmp(path, ":auto:") ||
-    (oldPath && !strncmp(oldPath, path, MAXPATHLEN)) ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    unixFile *lockProxy = pCtx->lockProxy;
-    pCtx->lockProxy=NULL;
-    pCtx->conchHeld = 0;
-    if( lockProxy!=NULL ){
-      rc=lockProxy->pMethod->xClose((sqlite3_file *)lockProxy);
-      if( rc ) return rc;
-      sqlite3_free(lockProxy);
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(oldPath);
-    pCtx->lockProxyPath = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, path);
-  }
-  
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** pFile is a file that has been opened by a prior xOpen call.  dbPath
-** is a string buffer at least MAXPATHLEN+1 characters in size.
-**
-** This routine find the filename associated with pFile and writes it
-** int dbPath.
-*/
-static int proxyGetDbPathForUnixFile(unixFile *pFile, char *dbPath){
-#if defined(__APPLE__)
-  if( pFile->pMethod == &afpIoMethods ){
-    /* afp style keeps a reference to the db path in the filePath field 
-    ** of the struct */
-    assert( (int)strlen((char*)pFile->lockingContext)<=MAXPATHLEN );
-    strlcpy(dbPath, ((afpLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext)->dbPath, MAXPATHLEN);
-  } else
-#endif
-  if( pFile->pMethod == &dotlockIoMethods ){
-    /* dot lock style uses the locking context to store the dot lock
-    ** file path */
-    int len = strlen((char *)pFile->lockingContext) - strlen(DOTLOCK_SUFFIX);
-    memcpy(dbPath, (char *)pFile->lockingContext, len + 1);
-  }else{
-    /* all other styles use the locking context to store the db file path */
-    assert( strlen((char*)pFile->lockingContext)<=MAXPATHLEN );
-    strlcpy(dbPath, (char *)pFile->lockingContext, MAXPATHLEN);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Takes an already filled in unix file and alters it so all file locking 
-** will be performed on the local proxy lock file.  The following fields
-** are preserved in the locking context so that they can be restored and 
-** the unix structure properly cleaned up at close time:
-**  ->lockingContext
-**  ->pMethod
-*/
-static int proxyTransformUnixFile(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
-  proxyLockingContext *pCtx;
-  char dbPath[MAXPATHLEN+1];       /* Name of the database file */
-  char *lockPath=NULL;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  
-  if( pFile->locktype!=NO_LOCK ){
-    return SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }
-  proxyGetDbPathForUnixFile(pFile, dbPath);
-  if( !path || path[0]=='\0' || !strcmp(path, ":auto:") ){
-    lockPath=NULL;
-  }else{
-    lockPath=(char *)path;
-  }
-  
-  OSTRACE4("TRANSPROXY  %d for %s pid=%d\n", pFile->h,
-           (lockPath ? lockPath : ":auto:"), getpid());
-
-  pCtx = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCtx) );
-  if( pCtx==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  memset(pCtx, 0, sizeof(*pCtx));
-
-  rc = proxyCreateConchPathname(dbPath, &pCtx->conchFilePath);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = proxyCreateUnixFile(pCtx->conchFilePath, &pCtx->conchFile, 0);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_CANTOPEN && ((pFile->openFlags&O_RDWR) == 0) ){
-      /* if (a) the open flags are not O_RDWR, (b) the conch isn't there, and
-      ** (c) the file system is read-only, then enable no-locking access.
-      ** Ugh, since O_RDONLY==0x0000 we test for !O_RDWR since unixOpen asserts
-      ** that openFlags will have only one of O_RDONLY or O_RDWR.
-      */
-      struct statfs fsInfo;
-      struct stat conchInfo;
-      int goLockless = 0;
-
-      if( stat(pCtx->conchFilePath, &conchInfo) == -1 ) {
-        int err = errno;
-        if( (err==ENOENT) && (statfs(dbPath, &fsInfo) != -1) ){
-          goLockless = (fsInfo.f_flags&MNT_RDONLY) == MNT_RDONLY;
-        }
-      }
-      if( goLockless ){
-        pCtx->conchHeld = -1; /* read only FS/ lockless */
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-    }
-  }  
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && lockPath ){
-    pCtx->lockProxyPath = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, lockPath);
-  }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pCtx->dbPath = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, dbPath);
-    if( pCtx->dbPath==NULL ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* all memory is allocated, proxys are created and assigned, 
-    ** switch the locking context and pMethod then return.
-    */
-    pCtx->oldLockingContext = pFile->lockingContext;
-    pFile->lockingContext = pCtx;
-    pCtx->pOldMethod = pFile->pMethod;
-    pFile->pMethod = &proxyIoMethods;
-  }else{
-    if( pCtx->conchFile ){ 
-      pCtx->conchFile->pMethod->xClose((sqlite3_file *)pCtx->conchFile);
-      sqlite3_free(pCtx->conchFile);
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(pCtx->lockProxyPath);
-    sqlite3_free(pCtx->conchFilePath); 
-    sqlite3_free(pCtx);
-  }
-  OSTRACE3("TRANSPROXY  %d %s\n", pFile->h,
-           (rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed"));
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This routine handles sqlite3_file_control() calls that are specific
-** to proxy locking.
-*/
-static int proxyFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
-  switch( op ){
-    case SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE: {
-      unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-      if( pFile->pMethod == &proxyIoMethods ){
-        proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext*)pFile->lockingContext;
-        proxyTakeConch(pFile);
-        if( pCtx->lockProxyPath ){
-          *(const char **)pArg = pCtx->lockProxyPath;
-        }else{
-          *(const char **)pArg = ":auto: (not held)";
-        }
-      } else {
-        *(const char **)pArg = NULL;
-      }
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE: {
-      unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-      int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      int isProxyStyle = (pFile->pMethod == &proxyIoMethods);
-      if( pArg==NULL || (const char *)pArg==0 ){
-        if( isProxyStyle ){
-          /* turn off proxy locking - not supported */
-          rc = SQLITE_ERROR /*SQLITE_PROTOCOL? SQLITE_MISUSE?*/;
-        }else{
-          /* turn off proxy locking - already off - NOOP */
-          rc = SQLITE_OK;
-        }
-      }else{
-        const char *proxyPath = (const char *)pArg;
-        if( isProxyStyle ){
-          proxyLockingContext *pCtx = 
-            (proxyLockingContext*)pFile->lockingContext;
-          if( !strcmp(pArg, ":auto:") 
-           || (pCtx->lockProxyPath &&
-               !strncmp(pCtx->lockProxyPath, proxyPath, MAXPATHLEN))
-          ){
-            rc = SQLITE_OK;
-          }else{
-            rc = switchLockProxyPath(pFile, proxyPath);
-          }
-        }else{
-          /* turn on proxy file locking */
-          rc = proxyTransformUnixFile(pFile, proxyPath);
-        }
-      }
-      return rc;
-    }
-    default: {
-      assert( 0 );  /* The call assures that only valid opcodes are sent */
-    }
-  }
-  /*NOTREACHED*/
-  return SQLITE_ERROR;
-}
-
-/*
-** Within this division (the proxying locking implementation) the procedures
-** above this point are all utilities.  The lock-related methods of the
-** proxy-locking sqlite3_io_method object follow.
-*/
-
-
-/*
-** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
-** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, set *pResOut
-** to a non-zero value otherwise *pResOut is set to zero.  The return value
-** is set to SQLITE_OK unless an I/O error occurs during lock checking.
-*/
-static int proxyCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  int rc = proxyTakeConch(pFile);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext;
-    if( pCtx->conchHeld>0 ){
-      unixFile *proxy = pCtx->lockProxy;
-      return proxy->pMethod->xCheckReservedLock((sqlite3_file*)proxy, pResOut);
-    }else{ /* conchHeld < 0 is lockless */
-      pResOut=0;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lock the file with the lock specified by parameter locktype - one
-** of the following:
-**
-**     (1) SHARED_LOCK
-**     (2) RESERVED_LOCK
-**     (3) PENDING_LOCK
-**     (4) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK
-**
-** Sometimes when requesting one lock state, additional lock states
-** are inserted in between.  The locking might fail on one of the later
-** transitions leaving the lock state different from what it started but
-** still short of its goal.  The following chart shows the allowed
-** transitions and the inserted intermediate states:
-**
-**    UNLOCKED -> SHARED
-**    SHARED -> RESERVED
-**    SHARED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    RESERVED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    PENDING -> EXCLUSIVE
-**
-** This routine will only increase a lock.  Use the sqlite3OsUnlock()
-** routine to lower a locking level.
-*/
-static int proxyLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  int rc = proxyTakeConch(pFile);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext;
-    if( pCtx->conchHeld>0 ){
-      unixFile *proxy = pCtx->lockProxy;
-      rc = proxy->pMethod->xLock((sqlite3_file*)proxy, locktype);
-      pFile->locktype = proxy->locktype;
-    }else{
-      /* conchHeld < 0 is lockless */
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Lower the locking level on file descriptor pFile to locktype.  locktype
-** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
-**
-** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
-** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
-*/
-static int proxyUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  int rc = proxyTakeConch(pFile);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext;
-    if( pCtx->conchHeld>0 ){
-      unixFile *proxy = pCtx->lockProxy;
-      rc = proxy->pMethod->xUnlock((sqlite3_file*)proxy, locktype);
-      pFile->locktype = proxy->locktype;
-    }else{
-      /* conchHeld < 0 is lockless */
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a file that uses proxy locks.
-*/
-static int proxyClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
-  if( id ){
-    unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-    proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext;
-    unixFile *lockProxy = pCtx->lockProxy;
-    unixFile *conchFile = pCtx->conchFile;
-    int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    
-    if( lockProxy ){
-      rc = lockProxy->pMethod->xUnlock((sqlite3_file*)lockProxy, NO_LOCK);
-      if( rc ) return rc;
-      rc = lockProxy->pMethod->xClose((sqlite3_file*)lockProxy);
-      if( rc ) return rc;
-      sqlite3_free(lockProxy);
-      pCtx->lockProxy = 0;
-    }
-    if( conchFile ){
-      if( pCtx->conchHeld ){
-        rc = proxyReleaseConch(pFile);
-        if( rc ) return rc;
-      }
-      rc = conchFile->pMethod->xClose((sqlite3_file*)conchFile);
-      if( rc ) return rc;
-      sqlite3_free(conchFile);
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(pCtx->lockProxyPath);
-    sqlite3_free(pCtx->conchFilePath);
-    sqlite3_free(pCtx->dbPath);
-    /* restore the original locking context and pMethod then close it */
-    pFile->lockingContext = pCtx->oldLockingContext;
-    pFile->pMethod = pCtx->pOldMethod;
-    sqlite3_free(pCtx);
-    return pFile->pMethod->xClose(id);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-
-#endif /* defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
-/*
-** The proxy locking style is intended for use with AFP filesystems.
-** And since AFP is only supported on MacOSX, the proxy locking is also
-** restricted to MacOSX.
-** 
-**
-******************* End of the proxy lock implementation **********************
-******************************************************************************/
-
-/*
-** Initialize the operating system interface.
-**
-** This routine registers all VFS implementations for unix-like operating
-** systems.  This routine, and the sqlite3_os_end() routine that follows,
-** should be the only routines in this file that are visible from other
-** files.
-**
-** This routine is called once during SQLite initialization and by a
-** single thread.  The memory allocation and mutex subsystems have not
-** necessarily been initialized when this routine is called, and so they
-** should not be used.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){ 
-  /* 
-  ** The following macro defines an initializer for an sqlite3_vfs object.
-  ** The name of the VFS is NAME.  The pAppData is a pointer to a pointer
-  ** to the "finder" function.  (pAppData is a pointer to a pointer because
-  ** silly C90 rules prohibit a void* from being cast to a function pointer
-  ** and so we have to go through the intermediate pointer to avoid problems
-  ** when compiling with -pedantic-errors on GCC.)
-  **
-  ** The FINDER parameter to this macro is the name of the pointer to the
-  ** finder-function.  The finder-function returns a pointer to the
-  ** sqlite_io_methods object that implements the desired locking
-  ** behaviors.  See the division above that contains the IOMETHODS
-  ** macro for addition information on finder-functions.
-  **
-  ** Most finders simply return a pointer to a fixed sqlite3_io_methods
-  ** object.  But the "autolockIoFinder" available on MacOSX does a little
-  ** more than that; it looks at the filesystem type that hosts the 
-  ** database file and tries to choose an locking method appropriate for
-  ** that filesystem time.
-  */
-  #define UNIXVFS(VFSNAME, FINDER) {                        \
-    1,                    /* iVersion */                    \
-    sizeof(unixFile),     /* szOsFile */                    \
-    MAX_PATHNAME,         /* mxPathname */                  \
-    0,                    /* pNext */                       \
-    VFSNAME,              /* zName */                       \
-    (void*)&FINDER,       /* pAppData */                    \
-    unixOpen,             /* xOpen */                       \
-    unixDelete,           /* xDelete */                     \
-    unixAccess,           /* xAccess */                     \
-    unixFullPathname,     /* xFullPathname */               \
-    unixDlOpen,           /* xDlOpen */                     \
-    unixDlError,          /* xDlError */                    \
-    unixDlSym,            /* xDlSym */                      \
-    unixDlClose,          /* xDlClose */                    \
-    unixRandomness,       /* xRandomness */                 \
-    unixSleep,            /* xSleep */                      \
-    unixCurrentTime,      /* xCurrentTime */                \
-    unixGetLastError      /* xGetLastError */               \
-  }
-
-  /*
-  ** All default VFSes for unix are contained in the following array.
-  **
-  ** Note that the sqlite3_vfs.pNext field of the VFS object is modified
-  ** by the SQLite core when the VFS is registered.  So the following
-  ** array cannot be const.
-  */
-  static sqlite3_vfs aVfs[] = {
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && (OS_VXWORKS || defined(__APPLE__))
-    UNIXVFS("unix",          autolockIoFinder ),
-#else
-    UNIXVFS("unix",          posixIoFinder ),
-#endif
-    UNIXVFS("unix-none",     nolockIoFinder ),
-    UNIXVFS("unix-dotfile",  dotlockIoFinder ),
-#if OS_VXWORKS
-    UNIXVFS("unix-namedsem", semIoFinder ),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-    UNIXVFS("unix-posix",    posixIoFinder ),
-#if !OS_VXWORKS
-    UNIXVFS("unix-flock",    flockIoFinder ),
-#endif
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && defined(__APPLE__)
-    UNIXVFS("unix-afp",      afpIoFinder ),
-    UNIXVFS("unix-nfs",      nfsIoFinder ),
-    UNIXVFS("unix-proxy",    proxyIoFinder ),
-#endif
-  };
-  unsigned int i;          /* Loop counter */
-
-  /* Register all VFSes defined in the aVfs[] array */
-  for(i=0; i<(sizeof(aVfs)/sizeof(sqlite3_vfs)); i++){
-    sqlite3_vfs_register(&aVfs[i], i==0);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
-}
-
-/*
-** Shutdown the operating system interface.
-**
-** Some operating systems might need to do some cleanup in this routine,
-** to release dynamically allocated objects.  But not on unix.
-** This routine is a no-op for unix.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){ 
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
-}
- 
-#endif /* SQLITE_OS_UNIX */
-
-/************** End of os_unix.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file os_win.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2004 May 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains code that is specific to windows.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WIN               /* This file is used for windows only */
-
-
-/*
-** A Note About Memory Allocation:
-**
-** This driver uses malloc()/free() directly rather than going through
-** the SQLite-wrappers sqlite3_malloc()/sqlite3_free().  Those wrappers
-** are designed for use on embedded systems where memory is scarce and
-** malloc failures happen frequently.  Win32 does not typically run on
-** embedded systems, and when it does the developers normally have bigger
-** problems to worry about than running out of memory.  So there is not
-** a compelling need to use the wrappers.
-**
-** But there is a good reason to not use the wrappers.  If we use the
-** wrappers then we will get simulated malloc() failures within this
-** driver.  And that causes all kinds of problems for our tests.  We
-** could enhance SQLite to deal with simulated malloc failures within
-** the OS driver, but the code to deal with those failure would not
-** be exercised on Linux (which does not need to malloc() in the driver)
-** and so we would have difficulty writing coverage tests for that
-** code.  Better to leave the code out, we think.
-**
-** The point of this discussion is as follows:  When creating a new
-** OS layer for an embedded system, if you use this file as an example,
-** avoid the use of malloc()/free().  Those routines work ok on windows
-** desktops but not so well in embedded systems.
-*/
-
-#include <winbase.h>
-
-#ifdef __CYGWIN__
-# include <sys/cygwin.h>
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Macros used to determine whether or not to use threads.
-*/
-#if defined(THREADSAFE) && THREADSAFE
-# define SQLITE_W32_THREADS 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Include code that is common to all os_*.c files
-*/
-/************** Include os_common.h in the middle of os_win.c ****************/
-/************** Begin file os_common.h ***************************************/
-/*
-** 2004 May 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains macros and a little bit of code that is common to
-** all of the platform-specific files (os_*.c) and is #included into those
-** files.
-**
-** This file should be #included by the os_*.c files only.  It is not a
-** general purpose header file.
-*/
-#ifndef _OS_COMMON_H_
-#define _OS_COMMON_H_
-
-/*
-** At least two bugs have slipped in because we changed the MEMORY_DEBUG
-** macro to SQLITE_DEBUG and some older makefiles have not yet made the
-** switch.  The following code should catch this problem at compile-time.
-*/
-#ifdef MEMORY_DEBUG
-# error "The MEMORY_DEBUG macro is obsolete.  Use SQLITE_DEBUG instead."
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OSTrace = 0;
-#define OSTRACE1(X)         if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X)
-#define OSTRACE2(X,Y)       if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y)
-#define OSTRACE3(X,Y,Z)     if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z)
-#define OSTRACE4(X,Y,Z,A)   if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A)
-#define OSTRACE5(X,Y,Z,A,B) if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A,B)
-#define OSTRACE6(X,Y,Z,A,B,C) \
-    if(sqlite3OSTrace) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A,B,C)
-#define OSTRACE7(X,Y,Z,A,B,C,D) \
-    if(sqlite3OSTrace) sqlite3DebugPrintf(X,Y,Z,A,B,C,D)
-#else
-#define OSTRACE1(X)
-#define OSTRACE2(X,Y)
-#define OSTRACE3(X,Y,Z)
-#define OSTRACE4(X,Y,Z,A)
-#define OSTRACE5(X,Y,Z,A,B)
-#define OSTRACE6(X,Y,Z,A,B,C)
-#define OSTRACE7(X,Y,Z,A,B,C,D)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Macros for performance tracing.  Normally turned off.  Only works
-** on i486 hardware.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
-
-/* 
-** hwtime.h contains inline assembler code for implementing 
-** high-performance timing routines.
-*/
-/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of os_common.h ****************/
-/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 May 27
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
-** counters for x86 class CPUs.
-*/
-#ifndef _HWTIME_H_
-#define _HWTIME_H_
-
-/*
-** The following routine only works on pentium-class (or newer) processors.
-** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
-** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
-** profiling.
-*/
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
-      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
-
-  #if defined(__GNUC__)
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-     unsigned int lo, hi;
-     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
-     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
-  }
-
-  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-
-  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-     __asm {
-        rdtsc
-        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
-     }
-  }
-
-  #endif
-
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-      unsigned long val;
-      __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
-      return val;
-  }
- 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-      unsigned long long retval;
-      unsigned long junk;
-      __asm__ __volatile__ ("\n\
-          1:      mftbu   %1\n\
-                  mftb    %L0\n\
-                  mftbu   %0\n\
-                  cmpw    %0,%1\n\
-                  bne     1b"
-                  : "=r" (retval), "=r" (junk));
-      return retval;
-  }
-
-#else
-
-  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
-
-  /*
-  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
-  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
-  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
-  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
-  ** least compile and run.
-  */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
-
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !defined(_HWTIME_H_) */
-
-/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in os_common.h ******************/
-
-static sqlite_uint64 g_start;
-static sqlite_uint64 g_elapsed;
-#define TIMER_START       g_start=sqlite3Hwtime()
-#define TIMER_END         g_elapsed=sqlite3Hwtime()-g_start
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     g_elapsed
-#else
-#define TIMER_START
-#define TIMER_END
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     ((sqlite_uint64)0)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** If we compile with the SQLITE_TEST macro set, then the following block
-** of code will give us the ability to simulate a disk I/O error.  This
-** is used for testing the I/O recovery logic.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_hit = 0;            /* Total number of I/O Errors */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_hardhit = 0;        /* Number of non-benign errors */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_pending = 0;        /* Count down to first I/O error */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_persist = 0;        /* True if I/O errors persist */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_io_error_benign = 0;         /* True if errors are benign */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_diskfull_pending = 0;
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_diskfull = 0;
-#define SimulateIOErrorBenign(X) sqlite3_io_error_benign=(X)
-#define SimulateIOError(CODE)  \
-  if( (sqlite3_io_error_persist && sqlite3_io_error_hit) \
-       || sqlite3_io_error_pending-- == 1 )  \
-              { local_ioerr(); CODE; }
-static void local_ioerr(){
-  IOTRACE(("IOERR\n"));
-  sqlite3_io_error_hit++;
-  if( !sqlite3_io_error_benign ) sqlite3_io_error_hardhit++;
-}
-#define SimulateDiskfullError(CODE) \
-   if( sqlite3_diskfull_pending ){ \
-     if( sqlite3_diskfull_pending == 1 ){ \
-       local_ioerr(); \
-       sqlite3_diskfull = 1; \
-       sqlite3_io_error_hit = 1; \
-       CODE; \
-     }else{ \
-       sqlite3_diskfull_pending--; \
-     } \
-   }
-#else
-#define SimulateIOErrorBenign(X)
-#define SimulateIOError(A)
-#define SimulateDiskfullError(A)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** When testing, keep a count of the number of open files.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_file_count = 0;
-#define OpenCounter(X)  sqlite3_open_file_count+=(X)
-#else
-#define OpenCounter(X)
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !defined(_OS_COMMON_H_) */
-
-/************** End of os_common.h *******************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in os_win.c *********************/
-
-/*
-** Some microsoft compilers lack this definition.
-*/
-#ifndef INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES
-# define INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES ((DWORD)-1) 
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Determine if we are dealing with WindowsCE - which has a much
-** reduced API.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-# define AreFileApisANSI() 1
-# define FormatMessageW(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) 0
-#endif
-
-/*
-** WinCE lacks native support for file locking so we have to fake it
-** with some code of our own.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-typedef struct winceLock {
-  int nReaders;       /* Number of reader locks obtained */
-  BOOL bPending;      /* Indicates a pending lock has been obtained */
-  BOOL bReserved;     /* Indicates a reserved lock has been obtained */
-  BOOL bExclusive;    /* Indicates an exclusive lock has been obtained */
-} winceLock;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The winFile structure is a subclass of sqlite3_file* specific to the win32
-** portability layer.
-*/
-typedef struct winFile winFile;
-struct winFile {
-  const sqlite3_io_methods *pMethod;/* Must be first */
-  HANDLE h;               /* Handle for accessing the file */
-  unsigned char locktype; /* Type of lock currently held on this file */
-  short sharedLockByte;   /* Randomly chosen byte used as a shared lock */
-  DWORD lastErrno;        /* The Windows errno from the last I/O error */
-  DWORD sectorSize;       /* Sector size of the device file is on */
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-  WCHAR *zDeleteOnClose;  /* Name of file to delete when closing */
-  HANDLE hMutex;          /* Mutex used to control access to shared lock */  
-  HANDLE hShared;         /* Shared memory segment used for locking */
-  winceLock local;        /* Locks obtained by this instance of winFile */
-  winceLock *shared;      /* Global shared lock memory for the file  */
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** Forward prototypes.
-*/
-static int getSectorSize(
-    sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
-    const char *zRelative     /* UTF-8 file name */
-);
-
-/*
-** The following variable is (normally) set once and never changes
-** thereafter.  It records whether the operating system is Win95
-** or WinNT.
-**
-** 0:   Operating system unknown.
-** 1:   Operating system is Win95.
-** 2:   Operating system is WinNT.
-**
-** In order to facilitate testing on a WinNT system, the test fixture
-** can manually set this value to 1 to emulate Win98 behavior.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_type = 0;
-#else
-static int sqlite3_os_type = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return true (non-zero) if we are running under WinNT, Win2K, WinXP,
-** or WinCE.  Return false (zero) for Win95, Win98, or WinME.
-**
-** Here is an interesting observation:  Win95, Win98, and WinME lack
-** the LockFileEx() API.  But we can still statically link against that
-** API as long as we don't call it when running Win95/98/ME.  A call to
-** this routine is used to determine if the host is Win95/98/ME or
-** WinNT/2K/XP so that we will know whether or not we can safely call
-** the LockFileEx() API.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-# define isNT()  (1)
-#else
-  static int isNT(void){
-    if( sqlite3_os_type==0 ){
-      OSVERSIONINFO sInfo;
-      sInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(sInfo);
-      GetVersionEx(&sInfo);
-      sqlite3_os_type = sInfo.dwPlatformId==VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT ? 2 : 1;
-    }
-    return sqlite3_os_type==2;
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OS_WINCE */
-
-/*
-** Convert a UTF-8 string to microsoft unicode (UTF-16?). 
-**
-** Space to hold the returned string is obtained from malloc.
-*/
-static WCHAR *utf8ToUnicode(const char *zFilename){
-  int nChar;
-  WCHAR *zWideFilename;
-
-  nChar = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zFilename, -1, NULL, 0);
-  zWideFilename = malloc( nChar*sizeof(zWideFilename[0]) );
-  if( zWideFilename==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  nChar = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zFilename, -1, zWideFilename, nChar);
-  if( nChar==0 ){
-    free(zWideFilename);
-    zWideFilename = 0;
-  }
-  return zWideFilename;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert microsoft unicode to UTF-8.  Space to hold the returned string is
-** obtained from malloc().
-*/
-static char *unicodeToUtf8(const WCHAR *zWideFilename){
-  int nByte;
-  char *zFilename;
-
-  nByte = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zWideFilename, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-  zFilename = malloc( nByte );
-  if( zFilename==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  nByte = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zWideFilename, -1, zFilename, nByte,
-                              0, 0);
-  if( nByte == 0 ){
-    free(zFilename);
-    zFilename = 0;
-  }
-  return zFilename;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert an ansi string to microsoft unicode, based on the
-** current codepage settings for file apis.
-** 
-** Space to hold the returned string is obtained
-** from malloc.
-*/
-static WCHAR *mbcsToUnicode(const char *zFilename){
-  int nByte;
-  WCHAR *zMbcsFilename;
-  int codepage = AreFileApisANSI() ? CP_ACP : CP_OEMCP;
-
-  nByte = MultiByteToWideChar(codepage, 0, zFilename, -1, NULL,0)*sizeof(WCHAR);
-  zMbcsFilename = malloc( nByte*sizeof(zMbcsFilename[0]) );
-  if( zMbcsFilename==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  nByte = MultiByteToWideChar(codepage, 0, zFilename, -1, zMbcsFilename, nByte);
-  if( nByte==0 ){
-    free(zMbcsFilename);
-    zMbcsFilename = 0;
-  }
-  return zMbcsFilename;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert microsoft unicode to multibyte character string, based on the
-** user's Ansi codepage.
-**
-** Space to hold the returned string is obtained from
-** malloc().
-*/
-static char *unicodeToMbcs(const WCHAR *zWideFilename){
-  int nByte;
-  char *zFilename;
-  int codepage = AreFileApisANSI() ? CP_ACP : CP_OEMCP;
-
-  nByte = WideCharToMultiByte(codepage, 0, zWideFilename, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-  zFilename = malloc( nByte );
-  if( zFilename==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  nByte = WideCharToMultiByte(codepage, 0, zWideFilename, -1, zFilename, nByte,
-                              0, 0);
-  if( nByte == 0 ){
-    free(zFilename);
-    zFilename = 0;
-  }
-  return zFilename;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert multibyte character string to UTF-8.  Space to hold the
-** returned string is obtained from malloc().
-*/
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_win32_mbcs_to_utf8(const char *zFilename){
-  char *zFilenameUtf8;
-  WCHAR *zTmpWide;
-
-  zTmpWide = mbcsToUnicode(zFilename);
-  if( zTmpWide==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  zFilenameUtf8 = unicodeToUtf8(zTmpWide);
-  free(zTmpWide);
-  return zFilenameUtf8;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert UTF-8 to multibyte character string.  Space to hold the 
-** returned string is obtained from malloc().
-*/
-static char *utf8ToMbcs(const char *zFilename){
-  char *zFilenameMbcs;
-  WCHAR *zTmpWide;
-
-  zTmpWide = utf8ToUnicode(zFilename);
-  if( zTmpWide==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  zFilenameMbcs = unicodeToMbcs(zTmpWide);
-  free(zTmpWide);
-  return zFilenameMbcs;
-}
-
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-/*************************************************************************
-** This section contains code for WinCE only.
-*/
-/*
-** WindowsCE does not have a localtime() function.  So create a
-** substitute.
-*/
-struct tm *__cdecl localtime(const time_t *t)
-{
-  static struct tm y;
-  FILETIME uTm, lTm;
-  SYSTEMTIME pTm;
-  sqlite3_int64 t64;
-  t64 = *t;
-  t64 = (t64 + 11644473600)*10000000;
-  uTm.dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)(t64 & 0xFFFFFFFF);
-  uTm.dwHighDateTime= (DWORD)(t64 >> 32);
-  FileTimeToLocalFileTime(&uTm,&lTm);
-  FileTimeToSystemTime(&lTm,&pTm);
-  y.tm_year = pTm.wYear - 1900;
-  y.tm_mon = pTm.wMonth - 1;
-  y.tm_wday = pTm.wDayOfWeek;
-  y.tm_mday = pTm.wDay;
-  y.tm_hour = pTm.wHour;
-  y.tm_min = pTm.wMinute;
-  y.tm_sec = pTm.wSecond;
-  return &y;
-}
-
-/* This will never be called, but defined to make the code compile */
-#define GetTempPathA(a,b)
-
-#define LockFile(a,b,c,d,e)       winceLockFile(&a, b, c, d, e)
-#define UnlockFile(a,b,c,d,e)     winceUnlockFile(&a, b, c, d, e)
-#define LockFileEx(a,b,c,d,e,f)   winceLockFileEx(&a, b, c, d, e, f)
-
-#define HANDLE_TO_WINFILE(a) (winFile*)&((char*)a)[-(int)offsetof(winFile,h)]
-
-/*
-** Acquire a lock on the handle h
-*/
-static void winceMutexAcquire(HANDLE h){
-   DWORD dwErr;
-   do {
-     dwErr = WaitForSingleObject(h, INFINITE);
-   } while (dwErr != WAIT_OBJECT_0 && dwErr != WAIT_ABANDONED);
-}
-/*
-** Release a lock acquired by winceMutexAcquire()
-*/
-#define winceMutexRelease(h) ReleaseMutex(h)
-
-/*
-** Create the mutex and shared memory used for locking in the file
-** descriptor pFile
-*/
-static BOOL winceCreateLock(const char *zFilename, winFile *pFile){
-  WCHAR *zTok;
-  WCHAR *zName = utf8ToUnicode(zFilename);
-  BOOL bInit = TRUE;
-
-  /* Initialize the local lockdata */
-  ZeroMemory(&pFile->local, sizeof(pFile->local));
-
-  /* Replace the backslashes from the filename and lowercase it
-  ** to derive a mutex name. */
-  zTok = CharLowerW(zName);
-  for (;*zTok;zTok++){
-    if (*zTok == '\\') *zTok = '_';
-  }
-
-  /* Create/open the named mutex */
-  pFile->hMutex = CreateMutexW(NULL, FALSE, zName);
-  if (!pFile->hMutex){
-    pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
-    free(zName);
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-
-  /* Acquire the mutex before continuing */
-  winceMutexAcquire(pFile->hMutex);
-  
-  /* Since the names of named mutexes, semaphores, file mappings etc are 
-  ** case-sensitive, take advantage of that by uppercasing the mutex name
-  ** and using that as the shared filemapping name.
-  */
-  CharUpperW(zName);
-  pFile->hShared = CreateFileMappingW(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, NULL,
-                                       PAGE_READWRITE, 0, sizeof(winceLock),
-                                       zName);  
-
-  /* Set a flag that indicates we're the first to create the memory so it 
-  ** must be zero-initialized */
-  if (GetLastError() == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS){
-    bInit = FALSE;
-  }
-
-  free(zName);
-
-  /* If we succeeded in making the shared memory handle, map it. */
-  if (pFile->hShared){
-    pFile->shared = (winceLock*)MapViewOfFile(pFile->hShared, 
-             FILE_MAP_READ|FILE_MAP_WRITE, 0, 0, sizeof(winceLock));
-    /* If mapping failed, close the shared memory handle and erase it */
-    if (!pFile->shared){
-      pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
-      CloseHandle(pFile->hShared);
-      pFile->hShared = NULL;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If shared memory could not be created, then close the mutex and fail */
-  if (pFile->hShared == NULL){
-    winceMutexRelease(pFile->hMutex);
-    CloseHandle(pFile->hMutex);
-    pFile->hMutex = NULL;
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-  
-  /* Initialize the shared memory if we're supposed to */
-  if (bInit) {
-    ZeroMemory(pFile->shared, sizeof(winceLock));
-  }
-
-  winceMutexRelease(pFile->hMutex);
-  return TRUE;
-}
-
-/*
-** Destroy the part of winFile that deals with wince locks
-*/
-static void winceDestroyLock(winFile *pFile){
-  if (pFile->hMutex){
-    /* Acquire the mutex */
-    winceMutexAcquire(pFile->hMutex);
-
-    /* The following blocks should probably assert in debug mode, but they
-       are to cleanup in case any locks remained open */
-    if (pFile->local.nReaders){
-      pFile->shared->nReaders --;
-    }
-    if (pFile->local.bReserved){
-      pFile->shared->bReserved = FALSE;
-    }
-    if (pFile->local.bPending){
-      pFile->shared->bPending = FALSE;
-    }
-    if (pFile->local.bExclusive){
-      pFile->shared->bExclusive = FALSE;
-    }
-
-    /* De-reference and close our copy of the shared memory handle */
-    UnmapViewOfFile(pFile->shared);
-    CloseHandle(pFile->hShared);
-
-    /* Done with the mutex */
-    winceMutexRelease(pFile->hMutex);    
-    CloseHandle(pFile->hMutex);
-    pFile->hMutex = NULL;
-  }
-}
-
-/* 
-** An implementation of the LockFile() API of windows for wince
-*/
-static BOOL winceLockFile(
-  HANDLE *phFile,
-  DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
-  DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
-  DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
-  DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh
-){
-  winFile *pFile = HANDLE_TO_WINFILE(phFile);
-  BOOL bReturn = FALSE;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(dwFileOffsetHigh);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh);
-
-  if (!pFile->hMutex) return TRUE;
-  winceMutexAcquire(pFile->hMutex);
-
-  /* Wanting an exclusive lock? */
-  if (dwFileOffsetLow == (DWORD)SHARED_FIRST
-       && nNumberOfBytesToLockLow == (DWORD)SHARED_SIZE){
-    if (pFile->shared->nReaders == 0 && pFile->shared->bExclusive == 0){
-       pFile->shared->bExclusive = TRUE;
-       pFile->local.bExclusive = TRUE;
-       bReturn = TRUE;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Want a read-only lock? */
-  else if (dwFileOffsetLow == (DWORD)SHARED_FIRST &&
-           nNumberOfBytesToLockLow == 1){
-    if (pFile->shared->bExclusive == 0){
-      pFile->local.nReaders ++;
-      if (pFile->local.nReaders == 1){
-        pFile->shared->nReaders ++;
-      }
-      bReturn = TRUE;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Want a pending lock? */
-  else if (dwFileOffsetLow == (DWORD)PENDING_BYTE && nNumberOfBytesToLockLow == 1){
-    /* If no pending lock has been acquired, then acquire it */
-    if (pFile->shared->bPending == 0) {
-      pFile->shared->bPending = TRUE;
-      pFile->local.bPending = TRUE;
-      bReturn = TRUE;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Want a reserved lock? */
-  else if (dwFileOffsetLow == (DWORD)RESERVED_BYTE && nNumberOfBytesToLockLow == 1){
-    if (pFile->shared->bReserved == 0) {
-      pFile->shared->bReserved = TRUE;
-      pFile->local.bReserved = TRUE;
-      bReturn = TRUE;
-    }
-  }
-
-  winceMutexRelease(pFile->hMutex);
-  return bReturn;
-}
-
-/*
-** An implementation of the UnlockFile API of windows for wince
-*/
-static BOOL winceUnlockFile(
-  HANDLE *phFile,
-  DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
-  DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
-  DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow,
-  DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh
-){
-  winFile *pFile = HANDLE_TO_WINFILE(phFile);
-  BOOL bReturn = FALSE;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(dwFileOffsetHigh);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh);
-
-  if (!pFile->hMutex) return TRUE;
-  winceMutexAcquire(pFile->hMutex);
-
-  /* Releasing a reader lock or an exclusive lock */
-  if (dwFileOffsetLow == (DWORD)SHARED_FIRST){
-    /* Did we have an exclusive lock? */
-    if (pFile->local.bExclusive){
-      assert(nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow == (DWORD)SHARED_SIZE);
-      pFile->local.bExclusive = FALSE;
-      pFile->shared->bExclusive = FALSE;
-      bReturn = TRUE;
-    }
-
-    /* Did we just have a reader lock? */
-    else if (pFile->local.nReaders){
-      assert(nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow == (DWORD)SHARED_SIZE || nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow == 1);
-      pFile->local.nReaders --;
-      if (pFile->local.nReaders == 0)
-      {
-        pFile->shared->nReaders --;
-      }
-      bReturn = TRUE;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Releasing a pending lock */
-  else if (dwFileOffsetLow == (DWORD)PENDING_BYTE && nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow == 1){
-    if (pFile->local.bPending){
-      pFile->local.bPending = FALSE;
-      pFile->shared->bPending = FALSE;
-      bReturn = TRUE;
-    }
-  }
-  /* Releasing a reserved lock */
-  else if (dwFileOffsetLow == (DWORD)RESERVED_BYTE && nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow == 1){
-    if (pFile->local.bReserved) {
-      pFile->local.bReserved = FALSE;
-      pFile->shared->bReserved = FALSE;
-      bReturn = TRUE;
-    }
-  }
-
-  winceMutexRelease(pFile->hMutex);
-  return bReturn;
-}
-
-/*
-** An implementation of the LockFileEx() API of windows for wince
-*/
-static BOOL winceLockFileEx(
-  HANDLE *phFile,
-  DWORD dwFlags,
-  DWORD dwReserved,
-  DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
-  DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh,
-  LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
-){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(dwReserved);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh);
-
-  /* If the caller wants a shared read lock, forward this call
-  ** to winceLockFile */
-  if (lpOverlapped->Offset == (DWORD)SHARED_FIRST &&
-      dwFlags == 1 &&
-      nNumberOfBytesToLockLow == (DWORD)SHARED_SIZE){
-    return winceLockFile(phFile, SHARED_FIRST, 0, 1, 0);
-  }
-  return FALSE;
-}
-/*
-** End of the special code for wince
-*****************************************************************************/
-#endif /* SQLITE_OS_WINCE */
-
-/*****************************************************************************
-** The next group of routines implement the I/O methods specified
-** by the sqlite3_io_methods object.
-******************************************************************************/
-
-/*
-** Close a file.
-**
-** It is reported that an attempt to close a handle might sometimes
-** fail.  This is a very unreasonable result, but windows is notorious
-** for being unreasonable so I do not doubt that it might happen.  If
-** the close fails, we pause for 100 milliseconds and try again.  As
-** many as MX_CLOSE_ATTEMPT attempts to close the handle are made before
-** giving up and returning an error.
-*/
-#define MX_CLOSE_ATTEMPT 3
-static int winClose(sqlite3_file *id){
-  int rc, cnt = 0;
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  OSTRACE2("CLOSE %d\n", pFile->h);
-  do{
-    rc = CloseHandle(pFile->h);
-  }while( rc==0 && ++cnt < MX_CLOSE_ATTEMPT && (Sleep(100), 1) );
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-#define WINCE_DELETION_ATTEMPTS 3
-  winceDestroyLock(pFile);
-  if( pFile->zDeleteOnClose ){
-    int cnt = 0;
-    while(
-           DeleteFileW(pFile->zDeleteOnClose)==0
-        && GetFileAttributesW(pFile->zDeleteOnClose)!=0xffffffff 
-        && cnt++ < WINCE_DELETION_ATTEMPTS
-    ){
-       Sleep(100);  /* Wait a little before trying again */
-    }
-    free(pFile->zDeleteOnClose);
-  }
-#endif
-  OpenCounter(-1);
-  return rc ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_IOERR;
-}
-
-/*
-** Some microsoft compilers lack this definition.
-*/
-#ifndef INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER
-# define INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER ((DWORD)-1)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Read data from a file into a buffer.  Return SQLITE_OK if all
-** bytes were read successfully and SQLITE_IOERR if anything goes
-** wrong.
-*/
-static int winRead(
-  sqlite3_file *id,          /* File to read from */
-  void *pBuf,                /* Write content into this buffer */
-  int amt,                   /* Number of bytes to read */
-  sqlite3_int64 offset       /* Begin reading at this offset */
-){
-  LONG upperBits = (LONG)((offset>>32) & 0x7fffffff);
-  LONG lowerBits = (LONG)(offset & 0xffffffff);
-  DWORD rc;
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-  DWORD error;
-  DWORD got;
-
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_READ);
-  OSTRACE3("READ %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype);
-  rc = SetFilePointer(pFile->h, lowerBits, &upperBits, FILE_BEGIN);
-  if( rc==INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER && (error=GetLastError())!=NO_ERROR ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = error;
-    return SQLITE_FULL;
-  }
-  if( !ReadFile(pFile->h, pBuf, amt, &got, 0) ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
-  }
-  if( got==(DWORD)amt ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    /* Unread parts of the buffer must be zero-filled */
-    memset(&((char*)pBuf)[got], 0, amt-got);
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Write data from a buffer into a file.  Return SQLITE_OK on success
-** or some other error code on failure.
-*/
-static int winWrite(
-  sqlite3_file *id,         /* File to write into */
-  const void *pBuf,         /* The bytes to be written */
-  int amt,                  /* Number of bytes to write */
-  sqlite3_int64 offset      /* Offset into the file to begin writing at */
-){
-  LONG upperBits = (LONG)((offset>>32) & 0x7fffffff);
-  LONG lowerBits = (LONG)(offset & 0xffffffff);
-  DWORD rc;
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-  DWORD error;
-  DWORD wrote = 0;
-
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE);
-  SimulateDiskfullError(return SQLITE_FULL);
-  OSTRACE3("WRITE %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype);
-  rc = SetFilePointer(pFile->h, lowerBits, &upperBits, FILE_BEGIN);
-  if( rc==INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER && (error=GetLastError())!=NO_ERROR ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = error;
-    return SQLITE_FULL;
-  }
-  assert( amt>0 );
-  while(
-     amt>0
-     && (rc = WriteFile(pFile->h, pBuf, amt, &wrote, 0))!=0
-     && wrote>0
-  ){
-    amt -= wrote;
-    pBuf = &((char*)pBuf)[wrote];
-  }
-  if( !rc || amt>(int)wrote ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
-    return SQLITE_FULL;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Truncate an open file to a specified size
-*/
-static int winTruncate(sqlite3_file *id, sqlite3_int64 nByte){
-  LONG upperBits = (LONG)((nByte>>32) & 0x7fffffff);
-  LONG lowerBits = (LONG)(nByte & 0xffffffff);
-  DWORD rc;
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-  DWORD error;
-
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  OSTRACE3("TRUNCATE %d %lld\n", pFile->h, nByte);
-  SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE);
-  rc = SetFilePointer(pFile->h, lowerBits, &upperBits, FILE_BEGIN);
-  if( rc==INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER && (error=GetLastError())!=NO_ERROR ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = error;
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE;
-  }
-  /* SetEndOfFile will fail if nByte is negative */
-  if( !SetEndOfFile(pFile->h) ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-/*
-** Count the number of fullsyncs and normal syncs.  This is used to test
-** that syncs and fullsyncs are occuring at the right times.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sync_count = 0;
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_fullsync_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Make sure all writes to a particular file are committed to disk.
-*/
-static int winSync(sqlite3_file *id, int flags){
-#ifndef SQLITE_NO_SYNC
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  OSTRACE3("SYNC %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype);
-#else
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(id);
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_TEST
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(flags);
-#else
-  if( flags & SQLITE_SYNC_FULL ){
-    sqlite3_fullsync_count++;
-  }
-  sqlite3_sync_count++;
-#endif
-  /* If we compiled with the SQLITE_NO_SYNC flag, then syncing is a
-  ** no-op
-  */
-#ifdef SQLITE_NO_SYNC
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-#else
-  if( FlushFileBuffers(pFile->h) ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
-    return SQLITE_IOERR;
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Determine the current size of a file in bytes
-*/
-static int winFileSize(sqlite3_file *id, sqlite3_int64 *pSize){
-  DWORD upperBits;
-  DWORD lowerBits;
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-  DWORD error;
-
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT);
-  lowerBits = GetFileSize(pFile->h, &upperBits);
-  if(   (lowerBits == INVALID_FILE_SIZE)
-     && ((error = GetLastError()) != NO_ERROR) )
-  {
-    pFile->lastErrno = error;
-    return SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT;
-  }
-  *pSize = (((sqlite3_int64)upperBits)<<32) + lowerBits;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY is undefined on some Windows systems.
-*/
-#ifndef LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY
-# define LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Acquire a reader lock.
-** Different API routines are called depending on whether or not this
-** is Win95 or WinNT.
-*/
-static int getReadLock(winFile *pFile){
-  int res;
-  if( isNT() ){
-    OVERLAPPED ovlp;
-    ovlp.Offset = SHARED_FIRST;
-    ovlp.OffsetHigh = 0;
-    ovlp.hEvent = 0;
-    res = LockFileEx(pFile->h, LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY,
-                     0, SHARED_SIZE, 0, &ovlp);
-/* isNT() is 1 if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==1, so this else is never executed. 
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==0
-  }else{
-    int lk;
-    sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(lk), &lk);
-    pFile->sharedLockByte = (short)((lk & 0x7fffffff)%(SHARED_SIZE - 1));
-    res = LockFile(pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST+pFile->sharedLockByte, 0, 1, 0);
-#endif
-  }
-  if( res == 0 ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
-  }
-  return res;
-}
-
-/*
-** Undo a readlock
-*/
-static int unlockReadLock(winFile *pFile){
-  int res;
-  if( isNT() ){
-    res = UnlockFile(pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST, 0, SHARED_SIZE, 0);
-/* isNT() is 1 if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==1, so this else is never executed. 
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==0
-  }else{
-    res = UnlockFile(pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST + pFile->sharedLockByte, 0, 1, 0);
-#endif
-  }
-  if( res == 0 ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
-  }
-  return res;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lock the file with the lock specified by parameter locktype - one
-** of the following:
-**
-**     (1) SHARED_LOCK
-**     (2) RESERVED_LOCK
-**     (3) PENDING_LOCK
-**     (4) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK
-**
-** Sometimes when requesting one lock state, additional lock states
-** are inserted in between.  The locking might fail on one of the later
-** transitions leaving the lock state different from what it started but
-** still short of its goal.  The following chart shows the allowed
-** transitions and the inserted intermediate states:
-**
-**    UNLOCKED -> SHARED
-**    SHARED -> RESERVED
-**    SHARED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    RESERVED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
-**    PENDING -> EXCLUSIVE
-**
-** This routine will only increase a lock.  The winUnlock() routine
-** erases all locks at once and returns us immediately to locking level 0.
-** It is not possible to lower the locking level one step at a time.  You
-** must go straight to locking level 0.
-*/
-static int winLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;    /* Return code from subroutines */
-  int res = 1;           /* Result of a windows lock call */
-  int newLocktype;       /* Set pFile->locktype to this value before exiting */
-  int gotPendingLock = 0;/* True if we acquired a PENDING lock this time */
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-  DWORD error = NO_ERROR;
-
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  OSTRACE5("LOCK %d %d was %d(%d)\n",
-          pFile->h, locktype, pFile->locktype, pFile->sharedLockByte);
-
-  /* If there is already a lock of this type or more restrictive on the
-  ** OsFile, do nothing. Don't use the end_lock: exit path, as
-  ** sqlite3OsEnterMutex() hasn't been called yet.
-  */
-  if( pFile->locktype>=locktype ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure the locking sequence is correct
-  */
-  assert( pFile->locktype!=NO_LOCK || locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-  assert( locktype!=PENDING_LOCK );
-  assert( locktype!=RESERVED_LOCK || pFile->locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-
-  /* Lock the PENDING_LOCK byte if we need to acquire a PENDING lock or
-  ** a SHARED lock.  If we are acquiring a SHARED lock, the acquisition of
-  ** the PENDING_LOCK byte is temporary.
-  */
-  newLocktype = pFile->locktype;
-  if(   (pFile->locktype==NO_LOCK)
-     || (   (locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK)
-         && (pFile->locktype==RESERVED_LOCK))
-  ){
-    int cnt = 3;
-    while( cnt-->0 && (res = LockFile(pFile->h, PENDING_BYTE, 0, 1, 0))==0 ){
-      /* Try 3 times to get the pending lock.  The pending lock might be
-      ** held by another reader process who will release it momentarily.
-      */
-      OSTRACE2("could not get a PENDING lock. cnt=%d\n", cnt);
-      Sleep(1);
-    }
-    gotPendingLock = res;
-    if( !res ){
-      error = GetLastError();
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Acquire a shared lock
-  */
-  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK && res ){
-    assert( pFile->locktype==NO_LOCK );
-    res = getReadLock(pFile);
-    if( res ){
-      newLocktype = SHARED_LOCK;
-    }else{
-      error = GetLastError();
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Acquire a RESERVED lock
-  */
-  if( locktype==RESERVED_LOCK && res ){
-    assert( pFile->locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
-    res = LockFile(pFile->h, RESERVED_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
-    if( res ){
-      newLocktype = RESERVED_LOCK;
-    }else{
-      error = GetLastError();
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Acquire a PENDING lock
-  */
-  if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && res ){
-    newLocktype = PENDING_LOCK;
-    gotPendingLock = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Acquire an EXCLUSIVE lock
-  */
-  if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && res ){
-    assert( pFile->locktype>=SHARED_LOCK );
-    res = unlockReadLock(pFile);
-    OSTRACE2("unreadlock = %d\n", res);
-    res = LockFile(pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST, 0, SHARED_SIZE, 0);
-    if( res ){
-      newLocktype = EXCLUSIVE_LOCK;
-    }else{
-      error = GetLastError();
-      OSTRACE2("error-code = %d\n", error);
-      getReadLock(pFile);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If we are holding a PENDING lock that ought to be released, then
-  ** release it now.
-  */
-  if( gotPendingLock && locktype==SHARED_LOCK ){
-    UnlockFile(pFile->h, PENDING_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
-  }
-
-  /* Update the state of the lock has held in the file descriptor then
-  ** return the appropriate result code.
-  */
-  if( res ){
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    OSTRACE4("LOCK FAILED %d trying for %d but got %d\n", pFile->h,
-           locktype, newLocktype);
-    pFile->lastErrno = error;
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }
-  pFile->locktype = (u8)newLocktype;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
-** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, return
-** non-zero, otherwise zero.
-*/
-static int winCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
-  int rc;
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  if( pFile->locktype>=RESERVED_LOCK ){
-    rc = 1;
-    OSTRACE3("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d (local)\n", pFile->h, rc);
-  }else{
-    rc = LockFile(pFile->h, RESERVED_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
-    if( rc ){
-      UnlockFile(pFile->h, RESERVED_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
-    }
-    rc = !rc;
-    OSTRACE3("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d (remote)\n", pFile->h, rc);
-  }
-  *pResOut = rc;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Lower the locking level on file descriptor id to locktype.  locktype
-** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
-**
-** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
-** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
-**
-** It is not possible for this routine to fail if the second argument
-** is NO_LOCK.  If the second argument is SHARED_LOCK then this routine
-** might return SQLITE_IOERR;
-*/
-static int winUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype){
-  int type;
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  assert( pFile!=0 );
-  assert( locktype<=SHARED_LOCK );
-  OSTRACE5("UNLOCK %d to %d was %d(%d)\n", pFile->h, locktype,
-          pFile->locktype, pFile->sharedLockByte);
-  type = pFile->locktype;
-  if( type>=EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
-    UnlockFile(pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST, 0, SHARED_SIZE, 0);
-    if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK && !getReadLock(pFile) ){
-      /* This should never happen.  We should always be able to
-      ** reacquire the read lock */
-      rc = SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK;
-    }
-  }
-  if( type>=RESERVED_LOCK ){
-    UnlockFile(pFile->h, RESERVED_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
-  }
-  if( locktype==NO_LOCK && type>=SHARED_LOCK ){
-    unlockReadLock(pFile);
-  }
-  if( type>=PENDING_LOCK ){
-    UnlockFile(pFile->h, PENDING_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
-  }
-  pFile->locktype = (u8)locktype;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Control and query of the open file handle.
-*/
-static int winFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
-  switch( op ){
-    case SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE: {
-      *(int*)pArg = ((winFile*)id)->locktype;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO: {
-      *(int*)pArg = (int)((winFile*)id)->lastErrno;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_ERROR;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the sector size in bytes of the underlying block device for
-** the specified file. This is almost always 512 bytes, but may be
-** larger for some devices.
-**
-** SQLite code assumes this function cannot fail. It also assumes that
-** if two files are created in the same file-system directory (i.e.
-** a database and its journal file) that the sector size will be the
-** same for both.
-*/
-static int winSectorSize(sqlite3_file *id){
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  return (int)(((winFile*)id)->sectorSize);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a vector of device characteristics.
-*/
-static int winDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(id);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** This vector defines all the methods that can operate on an
-** sqlite3_file for win32.
-*/
-static const sqlite3_io_methods winIoMethod = {
-  1,                        /* iVersion */
-  winClose,
-  winRead,
-  winWrite,
-  winTruncate,
-  winSync,
-  winFileSize,
-  winLock,
-  winUnlock,
-  winCheckReservedLock,
-  winFileControl,
-  winSectorSize,
-  winDeviceCharacteristics
-};
-
-/***************************************************************************
-** Here ends the I/O methods that form the sqlite3_io_methods object.
-**
-** The next block of code implements the VFS methods.
-****************************************************************************/
-
-/*
-** Convert a UTF-8 filename into whatever form the underlying
-** operating system wants filenames in.  Space to hold the result
-** is obtained from malloc and must be freed by the calling
-** function.
-*/
-static void *convertUtf8Filename(const char *zFilename){
-  void *zConverted = 0;
-  if( isNT() ){
-    zConverted = utf8ToUnicode(zFilename);
-/* isNT() is 1 if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==1, so this else is never executed. 
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==0
-  }else{
-    zConverted = utf8ToMbcs(zFilename);
-#endif
-  }
-  /* caller will handle out of memory */
-  return zConverted;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a temporary file name in zBuf.  zBuf must be big enough to
-** hold at pVfs->mxPathname characters.
-*/
-static int getTempname(int nBuf, char *zBuf){
-  static char zChars[] =
-    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-    "0123456789";
-  size_t i, j;
-  char zTempPath[MAX_PATH+1];
-  if( sqlite3_temp_directory ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", sqlite3_temp_directory);
-  }else if( isNT() ){
-    char *zMulti;
-    WCHAR zWidePath[MAX_PATH];
-    GetTempPathW(MAX_PATH-30, zWidePath);
-    zMulti = unicodeToUtf8(zWidePath);
-    if( zMulti ){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", zMulti);
-      free(zMulti);
-    }else{
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-/* isNT() is 1 if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==1, so this else is never executed. 
-** Since the ASCII version of these Windows API do not exist for WINCE,
-** it's important to not reference them for WINCE builds.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==0
-  }else{
-    char *zUtf8;
-    char zMbcsPath[MAX_PATH];
-    GetTempPathA(MAX_PATH-30, zMbcsPath);
-    zUtf8 = sqlite3_win32_mbcs_to_utf8(zMbcsPath);
-    if( zUtf8 ){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", zUtf8);
-      free(zUtf8);
-    }else{
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  for(i=sqlite3Strlen30(zTempPath); i>0 && zTempPath[i-1]=='\\'; i--){}
-  zTempPath[i] = 0;
-  sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf-30, zBuf,
-                   "%s\\"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zTempPath);
-  j = sqlite3Strlen30(zBuf);
-  sqlite3_randomness(20, &zBuf[j]);
-  for(i=0; i<20; i++, j++){
-    zBuf[j] = (char)zChars[ ((unsigned char)zBuf[j])%(sizeof(zChars)-1) ];
-  }
-  zBuf[j] = 0;
-  OSTRACE2("TEMP FILENAME: %s\n", zBuf);
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
-}
-
-/*
-** The return value of getLastErrorMsg
-** is zero if the error message fits in the buffer, or non-zero
-** otherwise (if the message was truncated).
-*/
-static int getLastErrorMsg(int nBuf, char *zBuf){
-  /* FormatMessage returns 0 on failure.  Otherwise it
-  ** returns the number of TCHARs written to the output
-  ** buffer, excluding the terminating null char.
-  */
-  DWORD error = GetLastError();
-  DWORD dwLen = 0;
-  char *zOut = 0;
-
-  if( isNT() ){
-    WCHAR *zTempWide = NULL;
-    dwLen = FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
-                           NULL,
-                           error,
-                           0,
-                           (LPWSTR) &zTempWide,
-                           0,
-                           0);
-    if( dwLen > 0 ){
-      /* allocate a buffer and convert to UTF8 */
-      zOut = unicodeToUtf8(zTempWide);
-      /* free the system buffer allocated by FormatMessage */
-      LocalFree(zTempWide);
-    }
-/* isNT() is 1 if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==1, so this else is never executed. 
-** Since the ASCII version of these Windows API do not exist for WINCE,
-** it's important to not reference them for WINCE builds.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==0
-  }else{
-    char *zTemp = NULL;
-    dwLen = FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
-                           NULL,
-                           error,
-                           0,
-                           (LPSTR) &zTemp,
-                           0,
-                           0);
-    if( dwLen > 0 ){
-      /* allocate a buffer and convert to UTF8 */
-      zOut = sqlite3_win32_mbcs_to_utf8(zTemp);
-      /* free the system buffer allocated by FormatMessage */
-      LocalFree(zTemp);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  if( 0 == dwLen ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf, zBuf, "OsError 0x%x (%u)", error, error);
-  }else{
-    /* copy a maximum of nBuf chars to output buffer */
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf, zBuf, "%s", zOut);
-    /* free the UTF8 buffer */
-    free(zOut);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Open a file.
-*/
-static int winOpen(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,        /* Not used */
-  const char *zName,        /* Name of the file (UTF-8) */
-  sqlite3_file *id,         /* Write the SQLite file handle here */
-  int flags,                /* Open mode flags */
-  int *pOutFlags            /* Status return flags */
-){
-  HANDLE h;
-  DWORD dwDesiredAccess;
-  DWORD dwShareMode;
-  DWORD dwCreationDisposition;
-  DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes = 0;
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-  int isTemp = 0;
-#endif
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-  void *zConverted;                 /* Filename in OS encoding */
-  const char *zUtf8Name = zName;    /* Filename in UTF-8 encoding */
-  char zTmpname[MAX_PATH+1];        /* Buffer used to create temp filename */
-
-  assert( id!=0 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-
-  /* If the second argument to this function is NULL, generate a 
-  ** temporary file name to use 
-  */
-  if( !zUtf8Name ){
-    int rc = getTempname(MAX_PATH+1, zTmpname);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    zUtf8Name = zTmpname;
-  }
-
-  /* Convert the filename to the system encoding. */
-  zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zUtf8Name);
-  if( zConverted==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ){
-    dwDesiredAccess = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE;
-  }else{
-    dwDesiredAccess = GENERIC_READ;
-  }
-  /* SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE is used to make sure that a new file is 
-  ** created. SQLite doesn't use it to indicate "exclusive access" 
-  ** as it is usually understood.
-  */
-  assert(!(flags & SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE) || (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE));
-  if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE ){
-    /* Creates a new file, only if it does not already exist. */
-    /* If the file exists, it fails. */
-    dwCreationDisposition = CREATE_NEW;
-  }else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE ){
-    /* Open existing file, or create if it doesn't exist */
-    dwCreationDisposition = OPEN_ALWAYS;
-  }else{
-    /* Opens a file, only if it exists. */
-    dwCreationDisposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
-  }
-  dwShareMode = FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE;
-  if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE ){
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-    dwFlagsAndAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
-    isTemp = 1;
-#else
-    dwFlagsAndAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
-                               | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
-                               | FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE;
-#endif
-  }else{
-    dwFlagsAndAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
-  }
-  /* Reports from the internet are that performance is always
-  ** better if FILE_FLAG_RANDOM_ACCESS is used.  Ticket #2699. */
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-  dwFlagsAndAttributes |= FILE_FLAG_RANDOM_ACCESS;
-#endif
-  if( isNT() ){
-    h = CreateFileW((WCHAR*)zConverted,
-       dwDesiredAccess,
-       dwShareMode,
-       NULL,
-       dwCreationDisposition,
-       dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-       NULL
-    );
-/* isNT() is 1 if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==1, so this else is never executed. 
-** Since the ASCII version of these Windows API do not exist for WINCE,
-** it's important to not reference them for WINCE builds.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==0
-  }else{
-    h = CreateFileA((char*)zConverted,
-       dwDesiredAccess,
-       dwShareMode,
-       NULL,
-       dwCreationDisposition,
-       dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-       NULL
-    );
-#endif
-  }
-  if( h==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ){
-    free(zConverted);
-    if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ){
-      return winOpen(pVfs, zName, id, 
-             ((flags|SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY)&~SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE), pOutFlags);
-    }else{
-      return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
-    }
-  }
-  if( pOutFlags ){
-    if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ){
-      *pOutFlags = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE;
-    }else{
-      *pOutFlags = SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
-    }
-  }
-  memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(*pFile));
-  pFile->pMethod = &winIoMethod;
-  pFile->h = h;
-  pFile->lastErrno = NO_ERROR;
-  pFile->sectorSize = getSectorSize(pVfs, zUtf8Name);
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-  if( (flags & (SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)) ==
-               (SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)
-       && !winceCreateLock(zName, pFile)
-  ){
-    CloseHandle(h);
-    free(zConverted);
-    return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
-  }
-  if( isTemp ){
-    pFile->zDeleteOnClose = zConverted;
-  }else
-#endif
-  {
-    free(zConverted);
-  }
-  OpenCounter(+1);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete the named file.
-**
-** Note that windows does not allow a file to be deleted if some other
-** process has it open.  Sometimes a virus scanner or indexing program
-** will open a journal file shortly after it is created in order to do
-** whatever it does.  While this other process is holding the
-** file open, we will be unable to delete it.  To work around this
-** problem, we delay 100 milliseconds and try to delete again.  Up
-** to MX_DELETION_ATTEMPTs deletion attempts are run before giving
-** up and returning an error.
-*/
-#define MX_DELETION_ATTEMPTS 5
-static int winDelete(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,          /* Not used on win32 */
-  const char *zFilename,      /* Name of file to delete */
-  int syncDir                 /* Not used on win32 */
-){
-  int cnt = 0;
-  DWORD rc;
-  DWORD error = 0;
-  void *zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zFilename);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(syncDir);
-  if( zConverted==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE);
-  if( isNT() ){
-    do{
-      DeleteFileW(zConverted);
-    }while(   (   ((rc = GetFileAttributesW(zConverted)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-               || ((error = GetLastError()) == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED))
-           && (++cnt < MX_DELETION_ATTEMPTS)
-           && (Sleep(100), 1) );
-/* isNT() is 1 if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==1, so this else is never executed. 
-** Since the ASCII version of these Windows API do not exist for WINCE,
-** it's important to not reference them for WINCE builds.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==0
-  }else{
-    do{
-      DeleteFileA(zConverted);
-    }while(   (   ((rc = GetFileAttributesA(zConverted)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-               || ((error = GetLastError()) == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED))
-           && (++cnt < MX_DELETION_ATTEMPTS)
-           && (Sleep(100), 1) );
-#endif
-  }
-  free(zConverted);
-  OSTRACE2("DELETE \"%s\"\n", zFilename);
-  return (   (rc == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) 
-          && (error == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)) ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE;
-}
-
-/*
-** Check the existance and status of a file.
-*/
-static int winAccess(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,         /* Not used on win32 */
-  const char *zFilename,     /* Name of file to check */
-  int flags,                 /* Type of test to make on this file */
-  int *pResOut               /* OUT: Result */
-){
-  DWORD attr;
-  int rc = 0;
-  void *zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zFilename);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-  if( zConverted==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  if( isNT() ){
-    attr = GetFileAttributesW((WCHAR*)zConverted);
-/* isNT() is 1 if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==1, so this else is never executed. 
-** Since the ASCII version of these Windows API do not exist for WINCE,
-** it's important to not reference them for WINCE builds.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==0
-  }else{
-    attr = GetFileAttributesA((char*)zConverted);
-#endif
-  }
-  free(zConverted);
-  switch( flags ){
-    case SQLITE_ACCESS_READ:
-    case SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS:
-      rc = attr!=INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
-      break;
-    case SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE:
-      rc = (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)==0;
-      break;
-    default:
-      assert(!"Invalid flags argument");
-  }
-  *pResOut = rc;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Turn a relative pathname into a full pathname.  Write the full
-** pathname into zOut[].  zOut[] will be at least pVfs->mxPathname
-** bytes in size.
-*/
-static int winFullPathname(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,            /* Pointer to vfs object */
-  const char *zRelative,        /* Possibly relative input path */
-  int nFull,                    /* Size of output buffer in bytes */
-  char *zFull                   /* Output buffer */
-){
-  
-#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nFull);
-  cygwin_conv_to_full_win32_path(zRelative, zFull);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-#endif
-
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nFull);
-  /* WinCE has no concept of a relative pathname, or so I am told. */
-  sqlite3_snprintf(pVfs->mxPathname, zFull, "%s", zRelative);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-#endif
-
-#if !SQLITE_OS_WINCE && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
-  int nByte;
-  void *zConverted;
-  char *zOut;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nFull);
-  zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zRelative);
-  if( isNT() ){
-    WCHAR *zTemp;
-    nByte = GetFullPathNameW((WCHAR*)zConverted, 0, 0, 0) + 3;
-    zTemp = malloc( nByte*sizeof(zTemp[0]) );
-    if( zTemp==0 ){
-      free(zConverted);
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    GetFullPathNameW((WCHAR*)zConverted, nByte, zTemp, 0);
-    free(zConverted);
-    zOut = unicodeToUtf8(zTemp);
-    free(zTemp);
-/* isNT() is 1 if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==1, so this else is never executed. 
-** Since the ASCII version of these Windows API do not exist for WINCE,
-** it's important to not reference them for WINCE builds.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==0
-  }else{
-    char *zTemp;
-    nByte = GetFullPathNameA((char*)zConverted, 0, 0, 0) + 3;
-    zTemp = malloc( nByte*sizeof(zTemp[0]) );
-    if( zTemp==0 ){
-      free(zConverted);
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    GetFullPathNameA((char*)zConverted, nByte, zTemp, 0);
-    free(zConverted);
-    zOut = sqlite3_win32_mbcs_to_utf8(zTemp);
-    free(zTemp);
-#endif
-  }
-  if( zOut ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(pVfs->mxPathname, zFull, "%s", zOut);
-    free(zOut);
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Get the sector size of the device used to store
-** file.
-*/
-static int getSectorSize(
-    sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
-    const char *zRelative     /* UTF-8 file name */
-){
-  DWORD bytesPerSector = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE;
-  /* GetDiskFreeSpace is not supported under WINCE */
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(zRelative);
-#else
-  char zFullpath[MAX_PATH+1];
-  int rc;
-  DWORD dwRet = 0;
-  DWORD dwDummy;
-
-  /*
-  ** We need to get the full path name of the file
-  ** to get the drive letter to look up the sector
-  ** size.
-  */
-  rc = winFullPathname(pVfs, zRelative, MAX_PATH, zFullpath);
-  if( rc == SQLITE_OK )
-  {
-    void *zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zFullpath);
-    if( zConverted ){
-      if( isNT() ){
-        /* trim path to just drive reference */
-        WCHAR *p = zConverted;
-        for(;*p;p++){
-          if( *p == '\\' ){
-            *p = '\0';
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        dwRet = GetDiskFreeSpaceW((WCHAR*)zConverted,
-                                  &dwDummy,
-                                  &bytesPerSector,
-                                  &dwDummy,
-                                  &dwDummy);
-      }else{
-        /* trim path to just drive reference */
-        char *p = (char *)zConverted;
-        for(;*p;p++){
-          if( *p == '\\' ){
-            *p = '\0';
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        dwRet = GetDiskFreeSpaceA((char*)zConverted,
-                                  &dwDummy,
-                                  &bytesPerSector,
-                                  &dwDummy,
-                                  &dwDummy);
-      }
-      free(zConverted);
-    }
-    if( !dwRet ){
-      bytesPerSector = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  return (int) bytesPerSector; 
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-/*
-** Interfaces for opening a shared library, finding entry points
-** within the shared library, and closing the shared library.
-*/
-/*
-** Interfaces for opening a shared library, finding entry points
-** within the shared library, and closing the shared library.
-*/
-static void *winDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zFilename){
-  HANDLE h;
-  void *zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zFilename);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-  if( zConverted==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( isNT() ){
-    h = LoadLibraryW((WCHAR*)zConverted);
-/* isNT() is 1 if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==1, so this else is never executed. 
-** Since the ASCII version of these Windows API do not exist for WINCE,
-** it's important to not reference them for WINCE builds.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE==0
-  }else{
-    h = LoadLibraryA((char*)zConverted);
-#endif
-  }
-  free(zConverted);
-  return (void*)h;
-}
-static void winDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBufOut){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-  getLastErrorMsg(nBuf, zBufOut);
-}
-void (*winDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle, const char *zSymbol))(void){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-  /* The GetProcAddressA() routine is only available on wince. */
-  return (void(*)(void))GetProcAddressA((HANDLE)pHandle, zSymbol);
-#else
-  /* All other windows platforms expect GetProcAddress() to take
-  ** an Ansi string regardless of the _UNICODE setting */
-  return (void(*)(void))GetProcAddress((HANDLE)pHandle, zSymbol);
-#endif
-}
-void winDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-  FreeLibrary((HANDLE)pHandle);
-}
-#else /* if SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION is defined: */
-  #define winDlOpen  0
-  #define winDlError 0
-  #define winDlSym   0
-  #define winDlClose 0
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Write up to nBuf bytes of randomness into zBuf.
-*/
-static int winRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
-  int n = 0;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-  n = nBuf;
-  memset(zBuf, 0, nBuf);
-#else
-  if( sizeof(SYSTEMTIME)<=nBuf-n ){
-    SYSTEMTIME x;
-    GetSystemTime(&x);
-    memcpy(&zBuf[n], &x, sizeof(x));
-    n += sizeof(x);
-  }
-  if( sizeof(DWORD)<=nBuf-n ){
-    DWORD pid = GetCurrentProcessId();
-    memcpy(&zBuf[n], &pid, sizeof(pid));
-    n += sizeof(pid);
-  }
-  if( sizeof(DWORD)<=nBuf-n ){
-    DWORD cnt = GetTickCount();
-    memcpy(&zBuf[n], &cnt, sizeof(cnt));
-    n += sizeof(cnt);
-  }
-  if( sizeof(LARGE_INTEGER)<=nBuf-n ){
-    LARGE_INTEGER i;
-    QueryPerformanceCounter(&i);
-    memcpy(&zBuf[n], &i, sizeof(i));
-    n += sizeof(i);
-  }
-#endif
-  return n;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Sleep for a little while.  Return the amount of time slept.
-*/
-static int winSleep(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int microsec){
-  Sleep((microsec+999)/1000);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-  return ((microsec+999)/1000)*1000;
-}
-
-/*
-** The following variable, if set to a non-zero value, becomes the result
-** returned from sqlite3OsCurrentTime().  This is used for testing.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_current_time = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Find the current time (in Universal Coordinated Time).  Write the
-** current time and date as a Julian Day number into *prNow and
-** return 0.  Return 1 if the time and date cannot be found.
-*/
-int winCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, double *prNow){
-  FILETIME ft;
-  /* FILETIME structure is a 64-bit value representing the number of 
-     100-nanosecond intervals since January 1, 1601 (= JD 2305813.5). 
-  */
-  sqlite3_int64 timeW;   /* Whole days */
-  sqlite3_int64 timeF;   /* Fractional Days */
-
-  /* Number of 100-nanosecond intervals in a single day */
-  static const sqlite3_int64 ntuPerDay = 
-      10000000*(sqlite3_int64)86400;
-
-  /* Number of 100-nanosecond intervals in half of a day */
-  static const sqlite3_int64 ntuPerHalfDay = 
-      10000000*(sqlite3_int64)43200;
-
-  /* 2^32 - to avoid use of LL and warnings in gcc */
-  static const sqlite3_int64 max32BitValue = 
-      (sqlite3_int64)2000000000 + (sqlite3_int64)2000000000 + (sqlite3_int64)294967296;
-
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-  SYSTEMTIME time;
-  GetSystemTime(&time);
-  /* if SystemTimeToFileTime() fails, it returns zero. */
-  if (!SystemTimeToFileTime(&time,&ft)){
-    return 1;
-  }
-#else
-  GetSystemTimeAsFileTime( &ft );
-#endif
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-  timeW = (((sqlite3_int64)ft.dwHighDateTime)*max32BitValue) + (sqlite3_int64)ft.dwLowDateTime;
-  timeF = timeW % ntuPerDay;          /* fractional days (100-nanoseconds) */
-  timeW = timeW / ntuPerDay;          /* whole days */
-  timeW = timeW + 2305813;            /* add whole days (from 2305813.5) */
-  timeF = timeF + ntuPerHalfDay;      /* add half a day (from 2305813.5) */
-  timeW = timeW + (timeF/ntuPerDay);  /* add whole day if half day made one */
-  timeF = timeF % ntuPerDay;          /* compute new fractional days */
-  *prNow = (double)timeW + ((double)timeF / (double)ntuPerDay);
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  if( sqlite3_current_time ){
-    *prNow = ((double)sqlite3_current_time + (double)43200) / (double)86400 + (double)2440587;
-  }
-#endif
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** The idea is that this function works like a combination of
-** GetLastError() and FormatMessage() on windows (or errno and
-** strerror_r() on unix). After an error is returned by an OS
-** function, SQLite calls this function with zBuf pointing to
-** a buffer of nBuf bytes. The OS layer should populate the
-** buffer with a nul-terminated UTF-8 encoded error message
-** describing the last IO error to have occurred within the calling
-** thread.
-**
-** If the error message is too large for the supplied buffer,
-** it should be truncated. The return value of xGetLastError
-** is zero if the error message fits in the buffer, or non-zero
-** otherwise (if the message was truncated). If non-zero is returned,
-** then it is not necessary to include the nul-terminator character
-** in the output buffer.
-**
-** Not supplying an error message will have no adverse effect
-** on SQLite. It is fine to have an implementation that never
-** returns an error message:
-**
-**   int xGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
-**     assert(zBuf[0]=='\0');
-**     return 0;
-**   }
-**
-** However if an error message is supplied, it will be incorporated
-** by sqlite into the error message available to the user using
-** sqlite3_errmsg(), possibly making IO errors easier to debug.
-*/
-static int winGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
-  return getLastErrorMsg(nBuf, zBuf);
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize and deinitialize the operating system interface.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){
-  static sqlite3_vfs winVfs = {
-    1,                 /* iVersion */
-    sizeof(winFile),   /* szOsFile */
-    MAX_PATH,          /* mxPathname */
-    0,                 /* pNext */
-    "win32",           /* zName */
-    0,                 /* pAppData */
- 
-    winOpen,           /* xOpen */
-    winDelete,         /* xDelete */
-    winAccess,         /* xAccess */
-    winFullPathname,   /* xFullPathname */
-    winDlOpen,         /* xDlOpen */
-    winDlError,        /* xDlError */
-    winDlSym,          /* xDlSym */
-    winDlClose,        /* xDlClose */
-    winRandomness,     /* xRandomness */
-    winSleep,          /* xSleep */
-    winCurrentTime,    /* xCurrentTime */
-    winGetLastError    /* xGetLastError */
-  };
-
-  sqlite3_vfs_register(&winVfs, 1);
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){ 
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OS_WIN */
-
-/************** End of os_win.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file bitvec.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 February 16
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file implements an object that represents a fixed-length
-** bitmap.  Bits are numbered starting with 1.
-**
-** A bitmap is used to record which pages of a database file have been
-** journalled during a transaction, or which pages have the "dont-write"
-** property.  Usually only a few pages are meet either condition.
-** So the bitmap is usually sparse and has low cardinality.
-** But sometimes (for example when during a DROP of a large table) most
-** or all of the pages in a database can get journalled.  In those cases, 
-** the bitmap becomes dense with high cardinality.  The algorithm needs 
-** to handle both cases well.
-**
-** The size of the bitmap is fixed when the object is created.
-**
-** All bits are clear when the bitmap is created.  Individual bits
-** may be set or cleared one at a time.
-**
-** Test operations are about 100 times more common that set operations.
-** Clear operations are exceedingly rare.  There are usually between
-** 5 and 500 set operations per Bitvec object, though the number of sets can
-** sometimes grow into tens of thousands or larger.  The size of the
-** Bitvec object is the number of pages in the database file at the
-** start of a transaction, and is thus usually less than a few thousand,
-** but can be as large as 2 billion for a really big database.
-*/
-
-/* Size of the Bitvec structure in bytes. */
-#define BITVEC_SZ        (sizeof(void*)*128)  /* 512 on 32bit.  1024 on 64bit */
-
-/* Round the union size down to the nearest pointer boundary, since that's how 
-** it will be aligned within the Bitvec struct. */
-#define BITVEC_USIZE     (((BITVEC_SZ-(3*sizeof(u32)))/sizeof(Bitvec*))*sizeof(Bitvec*))
-
-/* Type of the array "element" for the bitmap representation. 
-** Should be a power of 2, and ideally, evenly divide into BITVEC_USIZE. 
-** Setting this to the "natural word" size of your CPU may improve
-** performance. */
-#define BITVEC_TELEM     u8
-/* Size, in bits, of the bitmap element. */
-#define BITVEC_SZELEM    8
-/* Number of elements in a bitmap array. */
-#define BITVEC_NELEM     (BITVEC_USIZE/sizeof(BITVEC_TELEM))
-/* Number of bits in the bitmap array. */
-#define BITVEC_NBIT      (BITVEC_NELEM*BITVEC_SZELEM)
-
-/* Number of u32 values in hash table. */
-#define BITVEC_NINT      (BITVEC_USIZE/sizeof(u32))
-/* Maximum number of entries in hash table before 
-** sub-dividing and re-hashing. */
-#define BITVEC_MXHASH    (BITVEC_NINT/2)
-/* Hashing function for the aHash representation.
-** Empirical testing showed that the *37 multiplier 
-** (an arbitrary prime)in the hash function provided 
-** no fewer collisions than the no-op *1. */
-#define BITVEC_HASH(X)   (((X)*1)%BITVEC_NINT)
-
-#define BITVEC_NPTR      (BITVEC_USIZE/sizeof(Bitvec *))
-
-
-/*
-** A bitmap is an instance of the following structure.
-**
-** This bitmap records the existance of zero or more bits
-** with values between 1 and iSize, inclusive.
-**
-** There are three possible representations of the bitmap.
-** If iSize<=BITVEC_NBIT, then Bitvec.u.aBitmap[] is a straight
-** bitmap.  The least significant bit is bit 1.
-**
-** If iSize>BITVEC_NBIT and iDivisor==0 then Bitvec.u.aHash[] is
-** a hash table that will hold up to BITVEC_MXHASH distinct values.
-**
-** Otherwise, the value i is redirected into one of BITVEC_NPTR
-** sub-bitmaps pointed to by Bitvec.u.apSub[].  Each subbitmap
-** handles up to iDivisor separate values of i.  apSub[0] holds
-** values between 1 and iDivisor.  apSub[1] holds values between
-** iDivisor+1 and 2*iDivisor.  apSub[N] holds values between
-** N*iDivisor+1 and (N+1)*iDivisor.  Each subbitmap is normalized
-** to hold deal with values between 1 and iDivisor.
-*/
-struct Bitvec {
-  u32 iSize;      /* Maximum bit index.  Max iSize is 4,294,967,296. */
-  u32 nSet;       /* Number of bits that are set - only valid for aHash
-                  ** element.  Max is BITVEC_NINT.  For BITVEC_SZ of 512,
-                  ** this would be 125. */
-  u32 iDivisor;   /* Number of bits handled by each apSub[] entry. */
-                  /* Should >=0 for apSub element. */
-                  /* Max iDivisor is max(u32) / BITVEC_NPTR + 1.  */
-                  /* For a BITVEC_SZ of 512, this would be 34,359,739. */
-  union {
-    BITVEC_TELEM aBitmap[BITVEC_NELEM];    /* Bitmap representation */
-    u32 aHash[BITVEC_NINT];      /* Hash table representation */
-    Bitvec *apSub[BITVEC_NPTR];  /* Recursive representation */
-  } u;
-};
-
-/*
-** Create a new bitmap object able to handle bits between 0 and iSize,
-** inclusive.  Return a pointer to the new object.  Return NULL if 
-** malloc fails.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32 iSize){
-  Bitvec *p;
-  assert( sizeof(*p)==BITVEC_SZ );
-  p = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(*p) );
-  if( p ){
-    p->iSize = iSize;
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Check to see if the i-th bit is set.  Return true or false.
-** If p is NULL (if the bitmap has not been created) or if
-** i is out of range, then return false.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec *p, u32 i){
-  if( p==0 ) return 0;
-  if( i>p->iSize || i==0 ) return 0;
-  i--;
-  while( p->iDivisor ){
-    u32 bin = i/p->iDivisor;
-    i = i%p->iDivisor;
-    p = p->u.apSub[bin];
-    if (!p) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  if( p->iSize<=BITVEC_NBIT ){
-    return (p->u.aBitmap[i/BITVEC_SZELEM] & (1<<(i&(BITVEC_SZELEM-1))))!=0;
-  } else{
-    u32 h = BITVEC_HASH(i++);
-    while( p->u.aHash[h] ){
-      if( p->u.aHash[h]==i ) return 1;
-      h = (h+1) % BITVEC_NINT;
-    }
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the i-th bit.  Return 0 on success and an error code if
-** anything goes wrong.
-**
-** This routine might cause sub-bitmaps to be allocated.  Failing
-** to get the memory needed to hold the sub-bitmap is the only
-** that can go wrong with an insert, assuming p and i are valid.
-**
-** The calling function must ensure that p is a valid Bitvec object
-** and that the value for "i" is within range of the Bitvec object.
-** Otherwise the behavior is undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec *p, u32 i){
-  u32 h;
-  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  assert( i>0 );
-  assert( i<=p->iSize );
-  i--;
-  while((p->iSize > BITVEC_NBIT) && p->iDivisor) {
-    u32 bin = i/p->iDivisor;
-    i = i%p->iDivisor;
-    if( p->u.apSub[bin]==0 ){
-      p->u.apSub[bin] = sqlite3BitvecCreate( p->iDivisor );
-      if( p->u.apSub[bin]==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    p = p->u.apSub[bin];
-  }
-  if( p->iSize<=BITVEC_NBIT ){
-    p->u.aBitmap[i/BITVEC_SZELEM] |= 1 << (i&(BITVEC_SZELEM-1));
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  h = BITVEC_HASH(i++);
-  /* if there wasn't a hash collision, and this doesn't */
-  /* completely fill the hash, then just add it without */
-  /* worring about sub-dividing and re-hashing. */
-  if( !p->u.aHash[h] ){
-    if (p->nSet<(BITVEC_NINT-1)) {
-      goto bitvec_set_end;
-    } else {
-      goto bitvec_set_rehash;
-    }
-  }
-  /* there was a collision, check to see if it's already */
-  /* in hash, if not, try to find a spot for it */
-  do {
-    if( p->u.aHash[h]==i ) return SQLITE_OK;
-    h++;
-    if( h>=BITVEC_NINT ) h = 0;
-  } while( p->u.aHash[h] );
-  /* we didn't find it in the hash.  h points to the first */
-  /* available free spot. check to see if this is going to */
-  /* make our hash too "full".  */
-bitvec_set_rehash:
-  if( p->nSet>=BITVEC_MXHASH ){
-    unsigned int j;
-    int rc;
-    u32 *aiValues = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(0, sizeof(p->u.aHash));
-    if( aiValues==0 ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      memcpy(aiValues, p->u.aHash, sizeof(p->u.aHash));
-      memset(p->u.apSub, 0, sizeof(p->u.apSub));
-      p->iDivisor = (p->iSize + BITVEC_NPTR - 1)/BITVEC_NPTR;
-      rc = sqlite3BitvecSet(p, i);
-      for(j=0; j<BITVEC_NINT; j++){
-        if( aiValues[j] ) rc |= sqlite3BitvecSet(p, aiValues[j]);
-      }
-      sqlite3StackFree(0, aiValues);
-      return rc;
-    }
-  }
-bitvec_set_end:
-  p->nSet++;
-  p->u.aHash[h] = i;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Clear the i-th bit.
-**
-** pBuf must be a pointer to at least BITVEC_SZ bytes of temporary storage
-** that BitvecClear can use to rebuilt its hash table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec *p, u32 i, void *pBuf){
-  if( p==0 ) return;
-  assert( i>0 );
-  i--;
-  while( p->iDivisor ){
-    u32 bin = i/p->iDivisor;
-    i = i%p->iDivisor;
-    p = p->u.apSub[bin];
-    if (!p) {
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  if( p->iSize<=BITVEC_NBIT ){
-    p->u.aBitmap[i/BITVEC_SZELEM] &= ~(1 << (i&(BITVEC_SZELEM-1)));
-  }else{
-    unsigned int j;
-    u32 *aiValues = pBuf;
-    memcpy(aiValues, p->u.aHash, sizeof(p->u.aHash));
-    memset(p->u.aHash, 0, sizeof(p->u.aHash));
-    p->nSet = 0;
-    for(j=0; j<BITVEC_NINT; j++){
-      if( aiValues[j] && aiValues[j]!=(i+1) ){
-        u32 h = BITVEC_HASH(aiValues[j]-1);
-        p->nSet++;
-        while( p->u.aHash[h] ){
-          h++;
-          if( h>=BITVEC_NINT ) h = 0;
-        }
-        p->u.aHash[h] = aiValues[j];
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Destroy a bitmap object.  Reclaim all memory used.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec *p){
-  if( p==0 ) return;
-  if( p->iDivisor ){
-    unsigned int i;
-    for(i=0; i<BITVEC_NPTR; i++){
-      sqlite3BitvecDestroy(p->u.apSub[i]);
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the value of the iSize parameter specified when Bitvec *p
-** was created.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec *p){
-  return p->iSize;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
-/*
-** Let V[] be an array of unsigned characters sufficient to hold
-** up to N bits.  Let I be an integer between 0 and N.  0<=I<N.
-** Then the following macros can be used to set, clear, or test
-** individual bits within V.
-*/
-#define SETBIT(V,I)      V[I>>3] |= (1<<(I&7))
-#define CLEARBIT(V,I)    V[I>>3] &= ~(1<<(I&7))
-#define TESTBIT(V,I)     (V[I>>3]&(1<<(I&7)))!=0
-
-/*
-** This routine runs an extensive test of the Bitvec code.
-**
-** The input is an array of integers that acts as a program
-** to test the Bitvec.  The integers are opcodes followed
-** by 0, 1, or 3 operands, depending on the opcode.  Another
-** opcode follows immediately after the last operand.
-**
-** There are 6 opcodes numbered from 0 through 5.  0 is the
-** "halt" opcode and causes the test to end.
-**
-**    0          Halt and return the number of errors
-**    1 N S X    Set N bits beginning with S and incrementing by X
-**    2 N S X    Clear N bits beginning with S and incrementing by X
-**    3 N        Set N randomly chosen bits
-**    4 N        Clear N randomly chosen bits
-**    5 N S X    Set N bits from S increment X in array only, not in bitvec
-**
-** The opcodes 1 through 4 perform set and clear operations are performed
-** on both a Bitvec object and on a linear array of bits obtained from malloc.
-** Opcode 5 works on the linear array only, not on the Bitvec.
-** Opcode 5 is used to deliberately induce a fault in order to
-** confirm that error detection works.
-**
-** At the conclusion of the test the linear array is compared
-** against the Bitvec object.  If there are any differences,
-** an error is returned.  If they are the same, zero is returned.
-**
-** If a memory allocation error occurs, return -1.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int sz, int *aOp){
-  Bitvec *pBitvec = 0;
-  unsigned char *pV = 0;
-  int rc = -1;
-  int i, nx, pc, op;
-  void *pTmpSpace;
-
-  /* Allocate the Bitvec to be tested and a linear array of
-  ** bits to act as the reference */
-  pBitvec = sqlite3BitvecCreate( sz );
-  pV = sqlite3_malloc( (sz+7)/8 + 1 );
-  pTmpSpace = sqlite3_malloc(BITVEC_SZ);
-  if( pBitvec==0 || pV==0 || pTmpSpace==0  ) goto bitvec_end;
-  memset(pV, 0, (sz+7)/8 + 1);
-
-  /* NULL pBitvec tests */
-  sqlite3BitvecSet(0, 1);
-  sqlite3BitvecClear(0, 1, pTmpSpace);
-
-  /* Run the program */
-  pc = 0;
-  while( (op = aOp[pc])!=0 ){
-    switch( op ){
-      case 1:
-      case 2:
-      case 5: {
-        nx = 4;
-        i = aOp[pc+2] - 1;
-        aOp[pc+2] += aOp[pc+3];
-        break;
-      }
-      case 3:
-      case 4: 
-      default: {
-        nx = 2;
-        sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(i), &i);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if( (--aOp[pc+1]) > 0 ) nx = 0;
-    pc += nx;
-    i = (i & 0x7fffffff)%sz;
-    if( (op & 1)!=0 ){
-      SETBIT(pV, (i+1));
-      if( op!=5 ){
-        if( sqlite3BitvecSet(pBitvec, i+1) ) goto bitvec_end;
-      }
-    }else{
-      CLEARBIT(pV, (i+1));
-      sqlite3BitvecClear(pBitvec, i+1, pTmpSpace);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Test to make sure the linear array exactly matches the
-  ** Bitvec object.  Start with the assumption that they do
-  ** match (rc==0).  Change rc to non-zero if a discrepancy
-  ** is found.
-  */
-  rc = sqlite3BitvecTest(0,0) + sqlite3BitvecTest(pBitvec, sz+1)
-          + sqlite3BitvecTest(pBitvec, 0)
-          + (sqlite3BitvecSize(pBitvec) - sz);
-  for(i=1; i<=sz; i++){
-    if(  (TESTBIT(pV,i))!=sqlite3BitvecTest(pBitvec,i) ){
-      rc = i;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Free allocated structure */
-bitvec_end:
-  sqlite3_free(pTmpSpace);
-  sqlite3_free(pV);
-  sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pBitvec);
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST */
-
-/************** End of bitvec.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file pcache.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 August 05
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file implements that page cache.
-*/
-
-/*
-** A complete page cache is an instance of this structure.
-*/
-struct PCache {
-  PgHdr *pDirty, *pDirtyTail;         /* List of dirty pages in LRU order */
-  PgHdr *pSynced;                     /* Last synced page in dirty page list */
-  int nRef;                           /* Number of referenced pages */
-  int nMax;                           /* Configured cache size */
-  int szPage;                         /* Size of every page in this cache */
-  int szExtra;                        /* Size of extra space for each page */
-  int bPurgeable;                     /* True if pages are on backing store */
-  int (*xStress)(void*,PgHdr*);       /* Call to try make a page clean */
-  void *pStress;                      /* Argument to xStress */
-  sqlite3_pcache *pCache;             /* Pluggable cache module */
-  PgHdr *pPage1;                      /* Reference to page 1 */
-};
-
-/*
-** Some of the assert() macros in this code are too expensive to run
-** even during normal debugging.  Use them only rarely on long-running
-** tests.  Enable the expensive asserts using the
-** -DSQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT=1 compile-time option.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT
-# define expensive_assert(X)  assert(X)
-#else
-# define expensive_assert(X)
-#endif
-
-/********************************** Linked List Management ********************/
-
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT)
-/*
-** Check that the pCache->pSynced variable is set correctly. If it
-** is not, either fail an assert or return zero. Otherwise, return
-** non-zero. This is only used in debugging builds, as follows:
-**
-**   expensive_assert( pcacheCheckSynced(pCache) );
-*/
-static int pcacheCheckSynced(PCache *pCache){
-  PgHdr *p;
-  for(p=pCache->pDirtyTail; p!=pCache->pSynced; p=p->pDirtyPrev){
-    assert( p->nRef || (p->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC) );
-  }
-  return (p==0 || p->nRef || (p->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)==0);
-}
-#endif /* !NDEBUG && SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT */
-
-/*
-** Remove page pPage from the list of dirty pages.
-*/
-static void pcacheRemoveFromDirtyList(PgHdr *pPage){
-  PCache *p = pPage->pCache;
-
-  assert( pPage->pDirtyNext || pPage==p->pDirtyTail );
-  assert( pPage->pDirtyPrev || pPage==p->pDirty );
-
-  /* Update the PCache1.pSynced variable if necessary. */
-  if( p->pSynced==pPage ){
-    PgHdr *pSynced = pPage->pDirtyPrev;
-    while( pSynced && (pSynced->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC) ){
-      pSynced = pSynced->pDirtyPrev;
-    }
-    p->pSynced = pSynced;
-  }
-
-  if( pPage->pDirtyNext ){
-    pPage->pDirtyNext->pDirtyPrev = pPage->pDirtyPrev;
-  }else{
-    assert( pPage==p->pDirtyTail );
-    p->pDirtyTail = pPage->pDirtyPrev;
-  }
-  if( pPage->pDirtyPrev ){
-    pPage->pDirtyPrev->pDirtyNext = pPage->pDirtyNext;
-  }else{
-    assert( pPage==p->pDirty );
-    p->pDirty = pPage->pDirtyNext;
-  }
-  pPage->pDirtyNext = 0;
-  pPage->pDirtyPrev = 0;
-
-  expensive_assert( pcacheCheckSynced(p) );
-}
-
-/*
-** Add page pPage to the head of the dirty list (PCache1.pDirty is set to
-** pPage).
-*/
-static void pcacheAddToDirtyList(PgHdr *pPage){
-  PCache *p = pPage->pCache;
-
-  assert( pPage->pDirtyNext==0 && pPage->pDirtyPrev==0 && p->pDirty!=pPage );
-
-  pPage->pDirtyNext = p->pDirty;
-  if( pPage->pDirtyNext ){
-    assert( pPage->pDirtyNext->pDirtyPrev==0 );
-    pPage->pDirtyNext->pDirtyPrev = pPage;
-  }
-  p->pDirty = pPage;
-  if( !p->pDirtyTail ){
-    p->pDirtyTail = pPage;
-  }
-  if( !p->pSynced && 0==(pPage->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC) ){
-    p->pSynced = pPage;
-  }
-  expensive_assert( pcacheCheckSynced(p) );
-}
-
-/*
-** Wrapper around the pluggable caches xUnpin method. If the cache is
-** being used for an in-memory database, this function is a no-op.
-*/
-static void pcacheUnpin(PgHdr *p){
-  PCache *pCache = p->pCache;
-  if( pCache->bPurgeable ){
-    if( p->pgno==1 ){
-      pCache->pPage1 = 0;
-    }
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xUnpin(pCache->pCache, p, 0);
-  }
-}
-
-/*************************************************** General Interfaces ******
-**
-** Initialize and shutdown the page cache subsystem. Neither of these 
-** functions are threadsafe.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheInitialize(void){
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xInit==0 ){
-    sqlite3PCacheSetDefault();
-  }
-  return sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xInit(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.pArg);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheShutdown(void){
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xShutdown ){
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xShutdown(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.pArg);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the size in bytes of a PCache object.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheSize(void){ return sizeof(PCache); }
-
-/*
-** Create a new PCache object. Storage space to hold the object
-** has already been allocated and is passed in as the p pointer. 
-** The caller discovers how much space needs to be allocated by 
-** calling sqlite3PcacheSize().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheOpen(
-  int szPage,                  /* Size of every page */
-  int szExtra,                 /* Extra space associated with each page */
-  int bPurgeable,              /* True if pages are on backing store */
-  int (*xStress)(void*,PgHdr*),/* Call to try to make pages clean */
-  void *pStress,               /* Argument to xStress */
-  PCache *p                    /* Preallocated space for the PCache */
-){
-  memset(p, 0, sizeof(PCache));
-  p->szPage = szPage;
-  p->szExtra = szExtra;
-  p->bPurgeable = bPurgeable;
-  p->xStress = xStress;
-  p->pStress = pStress;
-  p->nMax = 100;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the page size for PCache object. The caller must ensure that there
-** are no outstanding page references when this function is called.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheSetPageSize(PCache *pCache, int szPage){
-  assert( pCache->nRef==0 && pCache->pDirty==0 );
-  if( pCache->pCache ){
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xDestroy(pCache->pCache);
-    pCache->pCache = 0;
-    pCache->pPage1 = 0;
-  }
-  pCache->szPage = szPage;
-}
-
-/*
-** Try to obtain a page from the cache.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheFetch(
-  PCache *pCache,       /* Obtain the page from this cache */
-  Pgno pgno,            /* Page number to obtain */
-  int createFlag,       /* If true, create page if it does not exist already */
-  PgHdr **ppPage        /* Write the page here */
-){
-  PgHdr *pPage = 0;
-  int eCreate;
-
-  assert( pCache!=0 );
-  assert( createFlag==1 || createFlag==0 );
-  assert( pgno>0 );
-
-  /* If the pluggable cache (sqlite3_pcache*) has not been allocated,
-  ** allocate it now.
-  */
-  if( !pCache->pCache && createFlag ){
-    sqlite3_pcache *p;
-    int nByte;
-    nByte = pCache->szPage + pCache->szExtra + sizeof(PgHdr);
-    p = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xCreate(nByte, pCache->bPurgeable);
-    if( !p ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xCachesize(p, pCache->nMax);
-    pCache->pCache = p;
-  }
-
-  eCreate = createFlag * (1 + (!pCache->bPurgeable || !pCache->pDirty));
-  if( pCache->pCache ){
-    pPage = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xFetch(pCache->pCache, pgno, eCreate);
-  }
-
-  if( !pPage && eCreate==1 ){
-    PgHdr *pPg;
-
-    /* Find a dirty page to write-out and recycle. First try to find a 
-    ** page that does not require a journal-sync (one with PGHDR_NEED_SYNC
-    ** cleared), but if that is not possible settle for any other 
-    ** unreferenced dirty page.
-    */
-    expensive_assert( pcacheCheckSynced(pCache) );
-    for(pPg=pCache->pSynced; 
-        pPg && (pPg->nRef || (pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)); 
-        pPg=pPg->pDirtyPrev
-    );
-    pCache->pSynced = pPg;
-    if( !pPg ){
-      for(pPg=pCache->pDirtyTail; pPg && pPg->nRef; pPg=pPg->pDirtyPrev);
-    }
-    if( pPg ){
-      int rc;
-      rc = pCache->xStress(pCache->pStress, pPg);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_BUSY ){
-        return rc;
-      }
-    }
-
-    pPage = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xFetch(pCache->pCache, pgno, 2);
-  }
-
-  if( pPage ){
-    if( !pPage->pData ){
-      memset(pPage, 0, sizeof(PgHdr) + pCache->szExtra);
-      pPage->pExtra = (void*)&pPage[1];
-      pPage->pData = (void *)&((char *)pPage)[sizeof(PgHdr) + pCache->szExtra];
-      pPage->pCache = pCache;
-      pPage->pgno = pgno;
-    }
-    assert( pPage->pCache==pCache );
-    assert( pPage->pgno==pgno );
-    assert( pPage->pExtra==(void *)&pPage[1] );
-
-    if( 0==pPage->nRef ){
-      pCache->nRef++;
-    }
-    pPage->nRef++;
-    if( pgno==1 ){
-      pCache->pPage1 = pPage;
-    }
-  }
-  *ppPage = pPage;
-  return (pPage==0 && eCreate) ? SQLITE_NOMEM : SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Decrement the reference count on a page. If the page is clean and the
-** reference count drops to 0, then it is made elible for recycling.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheRelease(PgHdr *p){
-  assert( p->nRef>0 );
-  p->nRef--;
-  if( p->nRef==0 ){
-    PCache *pCache = p->pCache;
-    pCache->nRef--;
-    if( (p->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY)==0 ){
-      pcacheUnpin(p);
-    }else{
-      /* Move the page to the head of the dirty list. */
-      pcacheRemoveFromDirtyList(p);
-      pcacheAddToDirtyList(p);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Increase the reference count of a supplied page by 1.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheRef(PgHdr *p){
-  assert(p->nRef>0);
-  p->nRef++;
-}
-
-/*
-** Drop a page from the cache. There must be exactly one reference to the
-** page. This function deletes that reference, so after it returns the
-** page pointed to by p is invalid.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheDrop(PgHdr *p){
-  PCache *pCache;
-  assert( p->nRef==1 );
-  if( p->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY ){
-    pcacheRemoveFromDirtyList(p);
-  }
-  pCache = p->pCache;
-  pCache->nRef--;
-  if( p->pgno==1 ){
-    pCache->pPage1 = 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xUnpin(pCache->pCache, p, 1);
-}
-
-/*
-** Make sure the page is marked as dirty. If it isn't dirty already,
-** make it so.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty(PgHdr *p){
-  p->flags &= ~PGHDR_DONT_WRITE;
-  assert( p->nRef>0 );
-  if( 0==(p->flags & PGHDR_DIRTY) ){
-    p->flags |= PGHDR_DIRTY;
-    pcacheAddToDirtyList( p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Make sure the page is marked as clean. If it isn't clean already,
-** make it so.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheMakeClean(PgHdr *p){
-  if( (p->flags & PGHDR_DIRTY) ){
-    pcacheRemoveFromDirtyList(p);
-    p->flags &= ~(PGHDR_DIRTY|PGHDR_NEED_SYNC);
-    if( p->nRef==0 ){
-      pcacheUnpin(p);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Make every page in the cache clean.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheCleanAll(PCache *pCache){
-  PgHdr *p;
-  while( (p = pCache->pDirty)!=0 ){
-    sqlite3PcacheMakeClean(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Clear the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag from all dirty pages.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheClearSyncFlags(PCache *pCache){
-  PgHdr *p;
-  for(p=pCache->pDirty; p; p=p->pDirtyNext){
-    p->flags &= ~PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
-  }
-  pCache->pSynced = pCache->pDirtyTail;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the page number of page p to newPgno. 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheMove(PgHdr *p, Pgno newPgno){
-  PCache *pCache = p->pCache;
-  assert( p->nRef>0 );
-  assert( newPgno>0 );
-  sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xRekey(pCache->pCache, p, p->pgno, newPgno);
-  p->pgno = newPgno;
-  if( (p->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY) && (p->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC) ){
-    pcacheRemoveFromDirtyList(p);
-    pcacheAddToDirtyList(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Drop every cache entry whose page number is greater than "pgno". The
-** caller must ensure that there are no outstanding references to any pages
-** other than page 1 with a page number greater than pgno.
-**
-** If there is a reference to page 1 and the pgno parameter passed to this
-** function is 0, then the data area associated with page 1 is zeroed, but
-** the page object is not dropped.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheTruncate(PCache *pCache, Pgno pgno){
-  if( pCache->pCache ){
-    PgHdr *p;
-    PgHdr *pNext;
-    for(p=pCache->pDirty; p; p=pNext){
-      pNext = p->pDirtyNext;
-      if( p->pgno>pgno ){
-        assert( p->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY );
-        sqlite3PcacheMakeClean(p);
-      }
-    }
-    if( pgno==0 && pCache->pPage1 ){
-      memset(pCache->pPage1->pData, 0, pCache->szPage);
-      pgno = 1;
-    }
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xTruncate(pCache->pCache, pgno+1);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a cache.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheClose(PCache *pCache){
-  if( pCache->pCache ){
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xDestroy(pCache->pCache);
-  }
-}
-
-/* 
-** Discard the contents of the cache.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheClear(PCache *pCache){
-  sqlite3PcacheTruncate(pCache, 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Merge two lists of pages connected by pDirty and in pgno order.
-** Do not both fixing the pDirtyPrev pointers.
-*/
-static PgHdr *pcacheMergeDirtyList(PgHdr *pA, PgHdr *pB){
-  PgHdr result, *pTail;
-  pTail = &result;
-  while( pA && pB ){
-    if( pA->pgno<pB->pgno ){
-      pTail->pDirty = pA;
-      pTail = pA;
-      pA = pA->pDirty;
-    }else{
-      pTail->pDirty = pB;
-      pTail = pB;
-      pB = pB->pDirty;
-    }
-  }
-  if( pA ){
-    pTail->pDirty = pA;
-  }else if( pB ){
-    pTail->pDirty = pB;
-  }else{
-    pTail->pDirty = 0;
-  }
-  return result.pDirty;
-}
-
-/*
-** Sort the list of pages in accending order by pgno.  Pages are
-** connected by pDirty pointers.  The pDirtyPrev pointers are
-** corrupted by this sort.
-**
-** Since there cannot be more than 2^31 distinct pages in a database,
-** there cannot be more than 31 buckets required by the merge sorter.
-** One extra bucket is added to catch overflow in case something
-** ever changes to make the previous sentence incorrect.
-*/
-#define N_SORT_BUCKET  32
-static PgHdr *pcacheSortDirtyList(PgHdr *pIn){
-  PgHdr *a[N_SORT_BUCKET], *p;
-  int i;
-  memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));
-  while( pIn ){
-    p = pIn;
-    pIn = p->pDirty;
-    p->pDirty = 0;
-    for(i=0; ALWAYS(i<N_SORT_BUCKET-1); i++){
-      if( a[i]==0 ){
-        a[i] = p;
-        break;
-      }else{
-        p = pcacheMergeDirtyList(a[i], p);
-        a[i] = 0;
-      }
-    }
-    if( NEVER(i==N_SORT_BUCKET-1) ){
-      /* To get here, there need to be 2^(N_SORT_BUCKET) elements in
-      ** the input list.  But that is impossible.
-      */
-      a[i] = pcacheMergeDirtyList(a[i], p);
-    }
-  }
-  p = a[0];
-  for(i=1; i<N_SORT_BUCKET; i++){
-    p = pcacheMergeDirtyList(p, a[i]);
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a list of all dirty pages in the cache, sorted by page number.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE PgHdr *sqlite3PcacheDirtyList(PCache *pCache){
-  PgHdr *p;
-  for(p=pCache->pDirty; p; p=p->pDirtyNext){
-    p->pDirty = p->pDirtyNext;
-  }
-  return pcacheSortDirtyList(pCache->pDirty);
-}
-
-/* 
-** Return the total number of referenced pages held by the cache.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheRefCount(PCache *pCache){
-  return pCache->nRef;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of references to the page supplied as an argument.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcachePageRefcount(PgHdr *p){
-  return p->nRef;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Return the total number of pages in the cache.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcachePagecount(PCache *pCache){
-  int nPage = 0;
-  if( pCache->pCache ){
-    nPage = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xPagecount(pCache->pCache);
-  }
-  return nPage;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-/*
-** Get the suggested cache-size value.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheGetCachesize(PCache *pCache){
-  return pCache->nMax;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Set the suggested cache-size value.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheSetCachesize(PCache *pCache, int mxPage){
-  pCache->nMax = mxPage;
-  if( pCache->pCache ){
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xCachesize(pCache->pCache, mxPage);
-  }
-}
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-/*
-** For all dirty pages currently in the cache, invoke the specified
-** callback. This is only used if the SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES macro is
-** defined.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheIterateDirty(PCache *pCache, void (*xIter)(PgHdr *)){
-  PgHdr *pDirty;
-  for(pDirty=pCache->pDirty; pDirty; pDirty=pDirty->pDirtyNext){
-    xIter(pDirty);
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-/************** End of pcache.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file pcache1.c *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 November 05
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file implements the default page cache implementation (the
-** sqlite3_pcache interface). It also contains part of the implementation
-** of the SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE and sqlite3_release_memory() features.
-** If the default page cache implementation is overriden, then neither of
-** these two features are available.
-*/
-
-
-typedef struct PCache1 PCache1;
-typedef struct PgHdr1 PgHdr1;
-typedef struct PgFreeslot PgFreeslot;
-
-/* Pointers to structures of this type are cast and returned as 
-** opaque sqlite3_pcache* handles
-*/
-struct PCache1 {
-  /* Cache configuration parameters. Page size (szPage) and the purgeable
-  ** flag (bPurgeable) are set when the cache is created. nMax may be 
-  ** modified at any time by a call to the pcache1CacheSize() method.
-  ** The global mutex must be held when accessing nMax.
-  */
-  int szPage;                         /* Size of allocated pages in bytes */
-  int bPurgeable;                     /* True if cache is purgeable */
-  unsigned int nMin;                  /* Minimum number of pages reserved */
-  unsigned int nMax;                  /* Configured "cache_size" value */
-
-  /* Hash table of all pages. The following variables may only be accessed
-  ** when the accessor is holding the global mutex (see pcache1EnterMutex() 
-  ** and pcache1LeaveMutex()).
-  */
-  unsigned int nRecyclable;           /* Number of pages in the LRU list */
-  unsigned int nPage;                 /* Total number of pages in apHash */
-  unsigned int nHash;                 /* Number of slots in apHash[] */
-  PgHdr1 **apHash;                    /* Hash table for fast lookup by key */
-
-  unsigned int iMaxKey;               /* Largest key seen since xTruncate() */
-};
-
-/*
-** Each cache entry is represented by an instance of the following 
-** structure. A buffer of PgHdr1.pCache->szPage bytes is allocated 
-** directly before this structure in memory (see the PGHDR1_TO_PAGE() 
-** macro below).
-*/
-struct PgHdr1 {
-  unsigned int iKey;             /* Key value (page number) */
-  PgHdr1 *pNext;                 /* Next in hash table chain */
-  PCache1 *pCache;               /* Cache that currently owns this page */
-  PgHdr1 *pLruNext;              /* Next in LRU list of unpinned pages */
-  PgHdr1 *pLruPrev;              /* Previous in LRU list of unpinned pages */
-};
-
-/*
-** Free slots in the allocator used to divide up the buffer provided using
-** the SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE mechanism.
-*/
-struct PgFreeslot {
-  PgFreeslot *pNext;  /* Next free slot */
-};
-
-/*
-** Global data used by this cache.
-*/
-static SQLITE_WSD struct PCacheGlobal {
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;               /* static mutex MUTEX_STATIC_LRU */
-
-  int nMaxPage;                       /* Sum of nMaxPage for purgeable caches */
-  int nMinPage;                       /* Sum of nMinPage for purgeable caches */
-  int nCurrentPage;                   /* Number of purgeable pages allocated */
-  PgHdr1 *pLruHead, *pLruTail;        /* LRU list of unpinned pages */
-
-  /* Variables related to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE settings. */
-  int szSlot;                         /* Size of each free slot */
-  void *pStart, *pEnd;                /* Bounds of pagecache malloc range */
-  PgFreeslot *pFree;                  /* Free page blocks */
-  int isInit;                         /* True if initialized */
-} pcache1_g;
-
-/*
-** All code in this file should access the global structure above via the
-** alias "pcache1". This ensures that the WSD emulation is used when
-** compiling for systems that do not support real WSD.
-*/
-#define pcache1 (GLOBAL(struct PCacheGlobal, pcache1_g))
-
-/*
-** When a PgHdr1 structure is allocated, the associated PCache1.szPage
-** bytes of data are located directly before it in memory (i.e. the total
-** size of the allocation is sizeof(PgHdr1)+PCache1.szPage byte). The
-** PGHDR1_TO_PAGE() macro takes a pointer to a PgHdr1 structure as
-** an argument and returns a pointer to the associated block of szPage
-** bytes. The PAGE_TO_PGHDR1() macro does the opposite: its argument is
-** a pointer to a block of szPage bytes of data and the return value is
-** a pointer to the associated PgHdr1 structure.
-**
-**   assert( PGHDR1_TO_PAGE(PAGE_TO_PGHDR1(pCache, X))==X );
-*/
-#define PGHDR1_TO_PAGE(p)    (void*)(((char*)p) - p->pCache->szPage)
-#define PAGE_TO_PGHDR1(c, p) (PgHdr1*)(((char*)p) + c->szPage)
-
-/*
-** Macros to enter and leave the global LRU mutex.
-*/
-#define pcache1EnterMutex() sqlite3_mutex_enter(pcache1.mutex)
-#define pcache1LeaveMutex() sqlite3_mutex_leave(pcache1.mutex)
-
-/******************************************************************************/
-/******** Page Allocation/SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE Related Functions **************/
-
-/*
-** This function is called during initialization if a static buffer is 
-** supplied to use for the page-cache by passing the SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE
-** verb to sqlite3_config(). Parameter pBuf points to an allocation large
-** enough to contain 'n' buffers of 'sz' bytes each.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PCacheBufferSetup(void *pBuf, int sz, int n){
-  if( pcache1.isInit ){
-    PgFreeslot *p;
-    sz = ROUNDDOWN8(sz);
-    pcache1.szSlot = sz;
-    pcache1.pStart = pBuf;
-    pcache1.pFree = 0;
-    while( n-- ){
-      p = (PgFreeslot*)pBuf;
-      p->pNext = pcache1.pFree;
-      pcache1.pFree = p;
-      pBuf = (void*)&((char*)pBuf)[sz];
-    }
-    pcache1.pEnd = pBuf;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Malloc function used within this file to allocate space from the buffer
-** configured using sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE) option. If no 
-** such buffer exists or there is no space left in it, this function falls 
-** back to sqlite3Malloc().
-*/
-static void *pcache1Alloc(int nByte){
-  void *p;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pcache1.mutex) );
-  if( nByte<=pcache1.szSlot && pcache1.pFree ){
-    assert( pcache1.isInit );
-    p = (PgHdr1 *)pcache1.pFree;
-    pcache1.pFree = pcache1.pFree->pNext;
-    sqlite3StatusSet(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE, nByte);
-    sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED, 1);
-  }else{
-
-    /* Allocate a new buffer using sqlite3Malloc. Before doing so, exit the
-    ** global pcache mutex and unlock the pager-cache object pCache. This is 
-    ** so that if the attempt to allocate a new buffer causes the the 
-    ** configured soft-heap-limit to be breached, it will be possible to
-    ** reclaim memory from this pager-cache.
-    */
-    pcache1LeaveMutex();
-    p = sqlite3Malloc(nByte);
-    pcache1EnterMutex();
-    if( p ){
-      int sz = sqlite3MallocSize(p);
-      sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW, sz);
-    }
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Free an allocated buffer obtained from pcache1Alloc().
-*/
-static void pcache1Free(void *p){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pcache1.mutex) );
-  if( p==0 ) return;
-  if( p>=pcache1.pStart && p<pcache1.pEnd ){
-    PgFreeslot *pSlot;
-    sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED, -1);
-    pSlot = (PgFreeslot*)p;
-    pSlot->pNext = pcache1.pFree;
-    pcache1.pFree = pSlot;
-  }else{
-    int iSize = sqlite3MallocSize(p);
-    sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW, -iSize);
-    sqlite3_free(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate a new page object initially associated with cache pCache.
-*/
-static PgHdr1 *pcache1AllocPage(PCache1 *pCache){
-  int nByte = sizeof(PgHdr1) + pCache->szPage;
-  void *pPg = pcache1Alloc(nByte);
-  PgHdr1 *p;
-  if( pPg ){
-    p = PAGE_TO_PGHDR1(pCache, pPg);
-    if( pCache->bPurgeable ){
-      pcache1.nCurrentPage++;
-    }
-  }else{
-    p = 0;
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Free a page object allocated by pcache1AllocPage().
-**
-** The pointer is allowed to be NULL, which is prudent.  But it turns out
-** that the current implementation happens to never call this routine
-** with a NULL pointer, so we mark the NULL test with ALWAYS().
-*/
-static void pcache1FreePage(PgHdr1 *p){
-  if( ALWAYS(p) ){
-    if( p->pCache->bPurgeable ){
-      pcache1.nCurrentPage--;
-    }
-    pcache1Free(PGHDR1_TO_PAGE(p));
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Malloc function used by SQLite to obtain space from the buffer configured
-** using sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE) option. If no such buffer
-** exists, this function falls back to sqlite3Malloc().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int sz){
-  void *p;
-  pcache1EnterMutex();
-  p = pcache1Alloc(sz);
-  pcache1LeaveMutex();
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Free an allocated buffer obtained from sqlite3PageMalloc().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PageFree(void *p){
-  pcache1EnterMutex();
-  pcache1Free(p);
-  pcache1LeaveMutex();
-}
-
-/******************************************************************************/
-/******** General Implementation Functions ************************************/
-
-/*
-** This function is used to resize the hash table used by the cache passed
-** as the first argument.
-**
-** The global mutex must be held when this function is called.
-*/
-static int pcache1ResizeHash(PCache1 *p){
-  PgHdr1 **apNew;
-  unsigned int nNew;
-  unsigned int i;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pcache1.mutex) );
-
-  nNew = p->nHash*2;
-  if( nNew<256 ){
-    nNew = 256;
-  }
-
-  pcache1LeaveMutex();
-  if( p->nHash ){ sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(); }
-  apNew = (PgHdr1 **)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(PgHdr1 *)*nNew);
-  if( p->nHash ){ sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(); }
-  pcache1EnterMutex();
-  if( apNew ){
-    memset(apNew, 0, sizeof(PgHdr1 *)*nNew);
-    for(i=0; i<p->nHash; i++){
-      PgHdr1 *pPage;
-      PgHdr1 *pNext = p->apHash[i];
-      while( (pPage = pNext)!=0 ){
-        unsigned int h = pPage->iKey % nNew;
-        pNext = pPage->pNext;
-        pPage->pNext = apNew[h];
-        apNew[h] = pPage;
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(p->apHash);
-    p->apHash = apNew;
-    p->nHash = nNew;
-  }
-
-  return (p->apHash ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_NOMEM);
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is used internally to remove the page pPage from the 
-** global LRU list, if is part of it. If pPage is not part of the global
-** LRU list, then this function is a no-op.
-**
-** The global mutex must be held when this function is called.
-*/
-static void pcache1PinPage(PgHdr1 *pPage){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pcache1.mutex) );
-  if( pPage && (pPage->pLruNext || pPage==pcache1.pLruTail) ){
-    if( pPage->pLruPrev ){
-      pPage->pLruPrev->pLruNext = pPage->pLruNext;
-    }
-    if( pPage->pLruNext ){
-      pPage->pLruNext->pLruPrev = pPage->pLruPrev;
-    }
-    if( pcache1.pLruHead==pPage ){
-      pcache1.pLruHead = pPage->pLruNext;
-    }
-    if( pcache1.pLruTail==pPage ){
-      pcache1.pLruTail = pPage->pLruPrev;
-    }
-    pPage->pLruNext = 0;
-    pPage->pLruPrev = 0;
-    pPage->pCache->nRecyclable--;
-  }
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Remove the page supplied as an argument from the hash table 
-** (PCache1.apHash structure) that it is currently stored in.
-**
-** The global mutex must be held when this function is called.
-*/
-static void pcache1RemoveFromHash(PgHdr1 *pPage){
-  unsigned int h;
-  PCache1 *pCache = pPage->pCache;
-  PgHdr1 **pp;
-
-  h = pPage->iKey % pCache->nHash;
-  for(pp=&pCache->apHash[h]; (*pp)!=pPage; pp=&(*pp)->pNext);
-  *pp = (*pp)->pNext;
-
-  pCache->nPage--;
-}
-
-/*
-** If there are currently more than pcache.nMaxPage pages allocated, try
-** to recycle pages to reduce the number allocated to pcache.nMaxPage.
-*/
-static void pcache1EnforceMaxPage(void){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pcache1.mutex) );
-  while( pcache1.nCurrentPage>pcache1.nMaxPage && pcache1.pLruTail ){
-    PgHdr1 *p = pcache1.pLruTail;
-    pcache1PinPage(p);
-    pcache1RemoveFromHash(p);
-    pcache1FreePage(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Discard all pages from cache pCache with a page number (key value) 
-** greater than or equal to iLimit. Any pinned pages that meet this 
-** criteria are unpinned before they are discarded.
-**
-** The global mutex must be held when this function is called.
-*/
-static void pcache1TruncateUnsafe(
-  PCache1 *pCache, 
-  unsigned int iLimit 
-){
-  TESTONLY( unsigned int nPage = 0; )      /* Used to assert pCache->nPage is correct */
-  unsigned int h;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pcache1.mutex) );
-  for(h=0; h<pCache->nHash; h++){
-    PgHdr1 **pp = &pCache->apHash[h]; 
-    PgHdr1 *pPage;
-    while( (pPage = *pp)!=0 ){
-      if( pPage->iKey>=iLimit ){
-        pCache->nPage--;
-        *pp = pPage->pNext;
-        pcache1PinPage(pPage);
-        pcache1FreePage(pPage);
-      }else{
-        pp = &pPage->pNext;
-        TESTONLY( nPage++; )
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  assert( pCache->nPage==nPage );
-}
-
-/******************************************************************************/
-/******** sqlite3_pcache Methods **********************************************/
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xInit method.
-*/
-static int pcache1Init(void *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  assert( pcache1.isInit==0 );
-  memset(&pcache1, 0, sizeof(pcache1));
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex ){
-    pcache1.mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU);
-  }
-  pcache1.isInit = 1;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xShutdown method.
-** Note that the static mutex allocated in xInit does 
-** not need to be freed.
-*/
-static void pcache1Shutdown(void *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  assert( pcache1.isInit!=0 );
-  memset(&pcache1, 0, sizeof(pcache1));
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xCreate method.
-**
-** Allocate a new cache.
-*/
-static sqlite3_pcache *pcache1Create(int szPage, int bPurgeable){
-  PCache1 *pCache;
-
-  pCache = (PCache1 *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(PCache1));
-  if( pCache ){
-    memset(pCache, 0, sizeof(PCache1));
-    pCache->szPage = szPage;
-    pCache->bPurgeable = (bPurgeable ? 1 : 0);
-    if( bPurgeable ){
-      pCache->nMin = 10;
-      pcache1EnterMutex();
-      pcache1.nMinPage += pCache->nMin;
-      pcache1LeaveMutex();
-    }
-  }
-  return (sqlite3_pcache *)pCache;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xCachesize method. 
-**
-** Configure the cache_size limit for a cache.
-*/
-static void pcache1Cachesize(sqlite3_pcache *p, int nMax){
-  PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;
-  if( pCache->bPurgeable ){
-    pcache1EnterMutex();
-    pcache1.nMaxPage += (nMax - pCache->nMax);
-    pCache->nMax = nMax;
-    pcache1EnforceMaxPage();
-    pcache1LeaveMutex();
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xPagecount method. 
-*/
-static int pcache1Pagecount(sqlite3_pcache *p){
-  int n;
-  pcache1EnterMutex();
-  n = ((PCache1 *)p)->nPage;
-  pcache1LeaveMutex();
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xFetch method. 
-**
-** Fetch a page by key value.
-**
-** Whether or not a new page may be allocated by this function depends on
-** the value of the createFlag argument.  0 means do not allocate a new
-** page.  1 means allocate a new page if space is easily available.  2 
-** means to try really hard to allocate a new page.
-**
-** For a non-purgeable cache (a cache used as the storage for an in-memory
-** database) there is really no difference between createFlag 1 and 2.  So
-** the calling function (pcache.c) will never have a createFlag of 1 on
-** a non-purgable cache.
-**
-** There are three different approaches to obtaining space for a page,
-** depending on the value of parameter createFlag (which may be 0, 1 or 2).
-**
-**   1. Regardless of the value of createFlag, the cache is searched for a 
-**      copy of the requested page. If one is found, it is returned.
-**
-**   2. If createFlag==0 and the page is not already in the cache, NULL is
-**      returned.
-**
-**   3. If createFlag is 1, and the page is not already in the cache,
-**      and if either of the following are true, return NULL:
-**
-**       (a) the number of pages pinned by the cache is greater than
-**           PCache1.nMax, or
-**       (b) the number of pages pinned by the cache is greater than
-**           the sum of nMax for all purgeable caches, less the sum of 
-**           nMin for all other purgeable caches. 
-**
-**   4. If none of the first three conditions apply and the cache is marked
-**      as purgeable, and if one of the following is true:
-**
-**       (a) The number of pages allocated for the cache is already 
-**           PCache1.nMax, or
-**
-**       (b) The number of pages allocated for all purgeable caches is
-**           already equal to or greater than the sum of nMax for all
-**           purgeable caches,
-**
-**      then attempt to recycle a page from the LRU list. If it is the right
-**      size, return the recycled buffer. Otherwise, free the buffer and
-**      proceed to step 5. 
-**
-**   5. Otherwise, allocate and return a new page buffer.
-*/
-static void *pcache1Fetch(sqlite3_pcache *p, unsigned int iKey, int createFlag){
-  unsigned int nPinned;
-  PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;
-  PgHdr1 *pPage = 0;
-
-  assert( pCache->bPurgeable || createFlag!=1 );
-  pcache1EnterMutex();
-  if( createFlag==1 ) sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-
-  /* Search the hash table for an existing entry. */
-  if( pCache->nHash>0 ){
-    unsigned int h = iKey % pCache->nHash;
-    for(pPage=pCache->apHash[h]; pPage&&pPage->iKey!=iKey; pPage=pPage->pNext);
-  }
-
-  if( pPage || createFlag==0 ){
-    pcache1PinPage(pPage);
-    goto fetch_out;
-  }
-
-  /* Step 3 of header comment. */
-  nPinned = pCache->nPage - pCache->nRecyclable;
-  if( createFlag==1 && (
-        nPinned>=(pcache1.nMaxPage+pCache->nMin-pcache1.nMinPage)
-     || nPinned>=(pCache->nMax * 9 / 10)
-  )){
-    goto fetch_out;
-  }
-
-  if( pCache->nPage>=pCache->nHash && pcache1ResizeHash(pCache) ){
-    goto fetch_out;
-  }
-
-  /* Step 4. Try to recycle a page buffer if appropriate. */
-  if( pCache->bPurgeable && pcache1.pLruTail && (
-     (pCache->nPage+1>=pCache->nMax) || pcache1.nCurrentPage>=pcache1.nMaxPage
-  )){
-    pPage = pcache1.pLruTail;
-    pcache1RemoveFromHash(pPage);
-    pcache1PinPage(pPage);
-    if( pPage->pCache->szPage!=pCache->szPage ){
-      pcache1FreePage(pPage);
-      pPage = 0;
-    }else{
-      pcache1.nCurrentPage -= (pPage->pCache->bPurgeable - pCache->bPurgeable);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Step 5. If a usable page buffer has still not been found, 
-  ** attempt to allocate a new one. 
-  */
-  if( !pPage ){
-    pPage = pcache1AllocPage(pCache);
-  }
-
-  if( pPage ){
-    unsigned int h = iKey % pCache->nHash;
-    pCache->nPage++;
-    pPage->iKey = iKey;
-    pPage->pNext = pCache->apHash[h];
-    pPage->pCache = pCache;
-    pPage->pLruPrev = 0;
-    pPage->pLruNext = 0;
-    *(void **)(PGHDR1_TO_PAGE(pPage)) = 0;
-    pCache->apHash[h] = pPage;
-  }
-
-fetch_out:
-  if( pPage && iKey>pCache->iMaxKey ){
-    pCache->iMaxKey = iKey;
-  }
-  if( createFlag==1 ) sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-  pcache1LeaveMutex();
-  return (pPage ? PGHDR1_TO_PAGE(pPage) : 0);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xUnpin method.
-**
-** Mark a page as unpinned (eligible for asynchronous recycling).
-*/
-static void pcache1Unpin(sqlite3_pcache *p, void *pPg, int reuseUnlikely){
-  PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;
-  PgHdr1 *pPage = PAGE_TO_PGHDR1(pCache, pPg);
- 
-  assert( pPage->pCache==pCache );
-  pcache1EnterMutex();
-
-  /* It is an error to call this function if the page is already 
-  ** part of the global LRU list.
-  */
-  assert( pPage->pLruPrev==0 && pPage->pLruNext==0 );
-  assert( pcache1.pLruHead!=pPage && pcache1.pLruTail!=pPage );
-
-  if( reuseUnlikely || pcache1.nCurrentPage>pcache1.nMaxPage ){
-    pcache1RemoveFromHash(pPage);
-    pcache1FreePage(pPage);
-  }else{
-    /* Add the page to the global LRU list. Normally, the page is added to
-    ** the head of the list (last page to be recycled). However, if the 
-    ** reuseUnlikely flag passed to this function is true, the page is added
-    ** to the tail of the list (first page to be recycled).
-    */
-    if( pcache1.pLruHead ){
-      pcache1.pLruHead->pLruPrev = pPage;
-      pPage->pLruNext = pcache1.pLruHead;
-      pcache1.pLruHead = pPage;
-    }else{
-      pcache1.pLruTail = pPage;
-      pcache1.pLruHead = pPage;
-    }
-    pCache->nRecyclable++;
-  }
-
-  pcache1LeaveMutex();
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xRekey method. 
-*/
-static void pcache1Rekey(
-  sqlite3_pcache *p,
-  void *pPg,
-  unsigned int iOld,
-  unsigned int iNew
-){
-  PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;
-  PgHdr1 *pPage = PAGE_TO_PGHDR1(pCache, pPg);
-  PgHdr1 **pp;
-  unsigned int h; 
-  assert( pPage->iKey==iOld );
-  assert( pPage->pCache==pCache );
-
-  pcache1EnterMutex();
-
-  h = iOld%pCache->nHash;
-  pp = &pCache->apHash[h];
-  while( (*pp)!=pPage ){
-    pp = &(*pp)->pNext;
-  }
-  *pp = pPage->pNext;
-
-  h = iNew%pCache->nHash;
-  pPage->iKey = iNew;
-  pPage->pNext = pCache->apHash[h];
-  pCache->apHash[h] = pPage;
-  if( iNew>pCache->iMaxKey ){
-    pCache->iMaxKey = iNew;
-  }
-
-  pcache1LeaveMutex();
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xTruncate method. 
-**
-** Discard all unpinned pages in the cache with a page number equal to
-** or greater than parameter iLimit. Any pinned pages with a page number
-** equal to or greater than iLimit are implicitly unpinned.
-*/
-static void pcache1Truncate(sqlite3_pcache *p, unsigned int iLimit){
-  PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;
-  pcache1EnterMutex();
-  if( iLimit<=pCache->iMaxKey ){
-    pcache1TruncateUnsafe(pCache, iLimit);
-    pCache->iMaxKey = iLimit-1;
-  }
-  pcache1LeaveMutex();
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xDestroy method. 
-**
-** Destroy a cache allocated using pcache1Create().
-*/
-static void pcache1Destroy(sqlite3_pcache *p){
-  PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;
-  pcache1EnterMutex();
-  pcache1TruncateUnsafe(pCache, 0);
-  pcache1.nMaxPage -= pCache->nMax;
-  pcache1.nMinPage -= pCache->nMin;
-  pcache1EnforceMaxPage();
-  pcache1LeaveMutex();
-  sqlite3_free(pCache->apHash);
-  sqlite3_free(pCache);
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called during initialization (sqlite3_initialize()) to
-** install the default pluggable cache module, assuming the user has not
-** already provided an alternative.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PCacheSetDefault(void){
-  static sqlite3_pcache_methods defaultMethods = {
-    0,                       /* pArg */
-    pcache1Init,             /* xInit */
-    pcache1Shutdown,         /* xShutdown */
-    pcache1Create,           /* xCreate */
-    pcache1Cachesize,        /* xCachesize */
-    pcache1Pagecount,        /* xPagecount */
-    pcache1Fetch,            /* xFetch */
-    pcache1Unpin,            /* xUnpin */
-    pcache1Rekey,            /* xRekey */
-    pcache1Truncate,         /* xTruncate */
-    pcache1Destroy           /* xDestroy */
-  };
-  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE, &defaultMethods);
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
-/*
-** This function is called to free superfluous dynamically allocated memory
-** held by the pager system. Memory in use by any SQLite pager allocated
-** by the current thread may be sqlite3_free()ed.
-**
-** nReq is the number of bytes of memory required. Once this much has
-** been released, the function returns. The return value is the total number 
-** of bytes of memory released.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheReleaseMemory(int nReq){
-  int nFree = 0;
-  if( pcache1.pStart==0 ){
-    PgHdr1 *p;
-    pcache1EnterMutex();
-    while( (nReq<0 || nFree<nReq) && (p=pcache1.pLruTail) ){
-      nFree += sqlite3MallocSize(PGHDR1_TO_PAGE(p));
-      pcache1PinPage(p);
-      pcache1RemoveFromHash(p);
-      pcache1FreePage(p);
-    }
-    pcache1LeaveMutex();
-  }
-  return nFree;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-/*
-** This function is used by test procedures to inspect the internal state
-** of the global cache.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheStats(
-  int *pnCurrent,      /* OUT: Total number of pages cached */
-  int *pnMax,          /* OUT: Global maximum cache size */
-  int *pnMin,          /* OUT: Sum of PCache1.nMin for purgeable caches */
-  int *pnRecyclable    /* OUT: Total number of pages available for recycling */
-){
-  PgHdr1 *p;
-  int nRecyclable = 0;
-  for(p=pcache1.pLruHead; p; p=p->pLruNext){
-    nRecyclable++;
-  }
-  *pnCurrent = pcache1.nCurrentPage;
-  *pnMax = pcache1.nMaxPage;
-  *pnMin = pcache1.nMinPage;
-  *pnRecyclable = nRecyclable;
-}
-#endif
-
-/************** End of pcache1.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file rowset.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 December 3
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This module implements an object we call a "RowSet".
-**
-** The RowSet object is a collection of rowids.  Rowids
-** are inserted into the RowSet in an arbitrary order.  Inserts
-** can be intermixed with tests to see if a given rowid has been
-** previously inserted into the RowSet.
-**
-** After all inserts are finished, it is possible to extract the
-** elements of the RowSet in sorted order.  Once this extraction
-** process has started, no new elements may be inserted.
-**
-** Hence, the primitive operations for a RowSet are:
-**
-**    CREATE
-**    INSERT
-**    TEST
-**    SMALLEST
-**    DESTROY
-**
-** The CREATE and DESTROY primitives are the constructor and destructor,
-** obviously.  The INSERT primitive adds a new element to the RowSet.
-** TEST checks to see if an element is already in the RowSet.  SMALLEST
-** extracts the least value from the RowSet.
-**
-** The INSERT primitive might allocate additional memory.  Memory is
-** allocated in chunks so most INSERTs do no allocation.  There is an 
-** upper bound on the size of allocated memory.  No memory is freed
-** until DESTROY.
-**
-** The TEST primitive includes a "batch" number.  The TEST primitive
-** will only see elements that were inserted before the last change
-** in the batch number.  In other words, if an INSERT occurs between
-** two TESTs where the TESTs have the same batch nubmer, then the
-** value added by the INSERT will not be visible to the second TEST.
-** The initial batch number is zero, so if the very first TEST contains
-** a non-zero batch number, it will see all prior INSERTs.
-**
-** No INSERTs may occurs after a SMALLEST.  An assertion will fail if
-** that is attempted.
-**
-** The cost of an INSERT is roughly constant.  (Sometime new memory
-** has to be allocated on an INSERT.)  The cost of a TEST with a new
-** batch number is O(NlogN) where N is the number of elements in the RowSet.
-** The cost of a TEST using the same batch number is O(logN).  The cost
-** of the first SMALLEST is O(NlogN).  Second and subsequent SMALLEST
-** primitives are constant time.  The cost of DESTROY is O(N).
-**
-** There is an added cost of O(N) when switching between TEST and
-** SMALLEST primitives.
-*/
-
-
-/*
-** Target size for allocation chunks.
-*/
-#define ROWSET_ALLOCATION_SIZE 1024
-
-/*
-** The number of rowset entries per allocation chunk.
-*/
-#define ROWSET_ENTRY_PER_CHUNK  \
-                       ((ROWSET_ALLOCATION_SIZE-8)/sizeof(struct RowSetEntry))
-
-/*
-** Each entry in a RowSet is an instance of the following object.
-*/
-struct RowSetEntry {            
-  i64 v;                        /* ROWID value for this entry */
-  struct RowSetEntry *pRight;   /* Right subtree (larger entries) or list */
-  struct RowSetEntry *pLeft;    /* Left subtree (smaller entries) */
-};
-
-/*
-** RowSetEntry objects are allocated in large chunks (instances of the
-** following structure) to reduce memory allocation overhead.  The
-** chunks are kept on a linked list so that they can be deallocated
-** when the RowSet is destroyed.
-*/
-struct RowSetChunk {
-  struct RowSetChunk *pNextChunk;        /* Next chunk on list of them all */
-  struct RowSetEntry aEntry[ROWSET_ENTRY_PER_CHUNK]; /* Allocated entries */
-};
-
-/*
-** A RowSet in an instance of the following structure.
-**
-** A typedef of this structure if found in sqliteInt.h.
-*/
-struct RowSet {
-  struct RowSetChunk *pChunk;    /* List of all chunk allocations */
-  sqlite3 *db;                   /* The database connection */
-  struct RowSetEntry *pEntry;    /* List of entries using pRight */
-  struct RowSetEntry *pLast;     /* Last entry on the pEntry list */
-  struct RowSetEntry *pFresh;    /* Source of new entry objects */
-  struct RowSetEntry *pTree;     /* Binary tree of entries */
-  u16 nFresh;                    /* Number of objects on pFresh */
-  u8 isSorted;                   /* True if pEntry is sorted */
-  u8 iBatch;                     /* Current insert batch */
-};
-
-/*
-** Turn bulk memory into a RowSet object.  N bytes of memory
-** are available at pSpace.  The db pointer is used as a memory context
-** for any subsequent allocations that need to occur.
-** Return a pointer to the new RowSet object.
-**
-** It must be the case that N is sufficient to make a Rowset.  If not
-** an assertion fault occurs.
-** 
-** If N is larger than the minimum, use the surplus as an initial
-** allocation of entries available to be filled.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3 *db, void *pSpace, unsigned int N){
-  RowSet *p;
-  assert( N >= ROUND8(sizeof(*p)) );
-  p = pSpace;
-  p->pChunk = 0;
-  p->db = db;
-  p->pEntry = 0;
-  p->pLast = 0;
-  p->pTree = 0;
-  p->pFresh = (struct RowSetEntry*)(ROUND8(sizeof(*p)) + (char*)p);
-  p->nFresh = (u16)((N - ROUND8(sizeof(*p)))/sizeof(struct RowSetEntry));
-  p->isSorted = 1;
-  p->iBatch = 0;
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Deallocate all chunks from a RowSet.  This frees all memory that
-** the RowSet has allocated over its lifetime.  This routine is
-** the destructor for the RowSet.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet *p){
-  struct RowSetChunk *pChunk, *pNextChunk;
-  for(pChunk=p->pChunk; pChunk; pChunk = pNextChunk){
-    pNextChunk = pChunk->pNextChunk;
-    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, pChunk);
-  }
-  p->pChunk = 0;
-  p->nFresh = 0;
-  p->pEntry = 0;
-  p->pLast = 0;
-  p->pTree = 0;
-  p->isSorted = 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Insert a new value into a RowSet.
-**
-** The mallocFailed flag of the database connection is set if a
-** memory allocation fails.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet *p, i64 rowid){
-  struct RowSetEntry *pEntry;  /* The new entry */
-  struct RowSetEntry *pLast;   /* The last prior entry */
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  if( p->nFresh==0 ){
-    struct RowSetChunk *pNew;
-    pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(p->db, sizeof(*pNew));
-    if( pNew==0 ){
-      return;
-    }
-    pNew->pNextChunk = p->pChunk;
-    p->pChunk = pNew;
-    p->pFresh = pNew->aEntry;
-    p->nFresh = ROWSET_ENTRY_PER_CHUNK;
-  }
-  pEntry = p->pFresh++;
-  p->nFresh--;
-  pEntry->v = rowid;
-  pEntry->pRight = 0;
-  pLast = p->pLast;
-  if( pLast ){
-    if( p->isSorted && rowid<=pLast->v ){
-      p->isSorted = 0;
-    }
-    pLast->pRight = pEntry;
-  }else{
-    assert( p->pEntry==0 ); /* Fires if INSERT after SMALLEST */
-    p->pEntry = pEntry;
-  }
-  p->pLast = pEntry;
-}
-
-/*
-** Merge two lists of RowSetEntry objects.  Remove duplicates.
-**
-** The input lists are connected via pRight pointers and are 
-** assumed to each already be in sorted order.
-*/
-static struct RowSetEntry *rowSetMerge(
-  struct RowSetEntry *pA,    /* First sorted list to be merged */
-  struct RowSetEntry *pB     /* Second sorted list to be merged */
-){
-  struct RowSetEntry head;
-  struct RowSetEntry *pTail;
-
-  pTail = &head;
-  while( pA && pB ){
-    assert( pA->pRight==0 || pA->v<=pA->pRight->v );
-    assert( pB->pRight==0 || pB->v<=pB->pRight->v );
-    if( pA->v<pB->v ){
-      pTail->pRight = pA;
-      pA = pA->pRight;
-      pTail = pTail->pRight;
-    }else if( pB->v<pA->v ){
-      pTail->pRight = pB;
-      pB = pB->pRight;
-      pTail = pTail->pRight;
-    }else{
-      pA = pA->pRight;
-    }
-  }
-  if( pA ){
-    assert( pA->pRight==0 || pA->v<=pA->pRight->v );
-    pTail->pRight = pA;
-  }else{
-    assert( pB==0 || pB->pRight==0 || pB->v<=pB->pRight->v );
-    pTail->pRight = pB;
-  }
-  return head.pRight;
-}
-
-/*
-** Sort all elements on the pEntry list of the RowSet into ascending order.
-*/ 
-static void rowSetSort(RowSet *p){
-  unsigned int i;
-  struct RowSetEntry *pEntry;
-  struct RowSetEntry *aBucket[40];
-
-  assert( p->isSorted==0 );
-  memset(aBucket, 0, sizeof(aBucket));
-  while( p->pEntry ){
-    pEntry = p->pEntry;
-    p->pEntry = pEntry->pRight;
-    pEntry->pRight = 0;
-    for(i=0; aBucket[i]; i++){
-      pEntry = rowSetMerge(aBucket[i], pEntry);
-      aBucket[i] = 0;
-    }
-    aBucket[i] = pEntry;
-  }
-  pEntry = 0;
-  for(i=0; i<sizeof(aBucket)/sizeof(aBucket[0]); i++){
-    pEntry = rowSetMerge(pEntry, aBucket[i]);
-  }
-  p->pEntry = pEntry;
-  p->pLast = 0;
-  p->isSorted = 1;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** The input, pIn, is a binary tree (or subtree) of RowSetEntry objects.
-** Convert this tree into a linked list connected by the pRight pointers
-** and return pointers to the first and last elements of the new list.
-*/
-static void rowSetTreeToList(
-  struct RowSetEntry *pIn,         /* Root of the input tree */
-  struct RowSetEntry **ppFirst,    /* Write head of the output list here */
-  struct RowSetEntry **ppLast      /* Write tail of the output list here */
-){
-  assert( pIn!=0 );
-  if( pIn->pLeft ){
-    struct RowSetEntry *p;
-    rowSetTreeToList(pIn->pLeft, ppFirst, &p);
-    p->pRight = pIn;
-  }else{
-    *ppFirst = pIn;
-  }
-  if( pIn->pRight ){
-    rowSetTreeToList(pIn->pRight, &pIn->pRight, ppLast);
-  }else{
-    *ppLast = pIn;
-  }
-  assert( (*ppLast)->pRight==0 );
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Convert a sorted list of elements (connected by pRight) into a binary
-** tree with depth of iDepth.  A depth of 1 means the tree contains a single
-** node taken from the head of *ppList.  A depth of 2 means a tree with
-** three nodes.  And so forth.
-**
-** Use as many entries from the input list as required and update the
-** *ppList to point to the unused elements of the list.  If the input
-** list contains too few elements, then construct an incomplete tree
-** and leave *ppList set to NULL.
-**
-** Return a pointer to the root of the constructed binary tree.
-*/
-static struct RowSetEntry *rowSetNDeepTree(
-  struct RowSetEntry **ppList,
-  int iDepth
-){
-  struct RowSetEntry *p;         /* Root of the new tree */
-  struct RowSetEntry *pLeft;     /* Left subtree */
-  if( *ppList==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( iDepth==1 ){
-    p = *ppList;
-    *ppList = p->pRight;
-    p->pLeft = p->pRight = 0;
-    return p;
-  }
-  pLeft = rowSetNDeepTree(ppList, iDepth-1);
-  p = *ppList;
-  if( p==0 ){
-    return pLeft;
-  }
-  p->pLeft = pLeft;
-  *ppList = p->pRight;
-  p->pRight = rowSetNDeepTree(ppList, iDepth-1);
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert a sorted list of elements into a binary tree. Make the tree
-** as deep as it needs to be in order to contain the entire list.
-*/
-static struct RowSetEntry *rowSetListToTree(struct RowSetEntry *pList){
-  int iDepth;           /* Depth of the tree so far */
-  struct RowSetEntry *p;       /* Current tree root */
-  struct RowSetEntry *pLeft;   /* Left subtree */
-
-  assert( pList!=0 );
-  p = pList;
-  pList = p->pRight;
-  p->pLeft = p->pRight = 0;
-  for(iDepth=1; pList; iDepth++){
-    pLeft = p;
-    p = pList;
-    pList = p->pRight;
-    p->pLeft = pLeft;
-    p->pRight = rowSetNDeepTree(&pList, iDepth);
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert the list in p->pEntry into a sorted list if it is not
-** sorted already.  If there is a binary tree on p->pTree, then
-** convert it into a list too and merge it into the p->pEntry list.
-*/
-static void rowSetToList(RowSet *p){
-  if( !p->isSorted ){
-    rowSetSort(p);
-  }
-  if( p->pTree ){
-    struct RowSetEntry *pHead, *pTail;
-    rowSetTreeToList(p->pTree, &pHead, &pTail);
-    p->pTree = 0;
-    p->pEntry = rowSetMerge(p->pEntry, pHead);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Extract the smallest element from the RowSet.
-** Write the element into *pRowid.  Return 1 on success.  Return
-** 0 if the RowSet is already empty.
-**
-** After this routine has been called, the sqlite3RowSetInsert()
-** routine may not be called again.  
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet *p, i64 *pRowid){
-  rowSetToList(p);
-  if( p->pEntry ){
-    *pRowid = p->pEntry->v;
-    p->pEntry = p->pEntry->pRight;
-    if( p->pEntry==0 ){
-      sqlite3RowSetClear(p);
-    }
-    return 1;
-  }else{
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Check to see if element iRowid was inserted into the the rowset as
-** part of any insert batch prior to iBatch.  Return 1 or 0.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet *pRowSet, u8 iBatch, sqlite3_int64 iRowid){
-  struct RowSetEntry *p;
-  if( iBatch!=pRowSet->iBatch ){
-    if( pRowSet->pEntry ){
-      rowSetToList(pRowSet);
-      pRowSet->pTree = rowSetListToTree(pRowSet->pEntry);
-      pRowSet->pEntry = 0;
-      pRowSet->pLast = 0;
-    }
-    pRowSet->iBatch = iBatch;
-  }
-  p = pRowSet->pTree;
-  while( p ){
-    if( p->v<iRowid ){
-      p = p->pRight;
-    }else if( p->v>iRowid ){
-      p = p->pLeft;
-    }else{
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/************** End of rowset.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file pager.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This is the implementation of the page cache subsystem or "pager".
-** 
-** The pager is used to access a database disk file.  It implements
-** atomic commit and rollback through the use of a journal file that
-** is separate from the database file.  The pager also implements file
-** locking to prevent two processes from writing the same database
-** file simultaneously, or one process from reading the database while
-** another is writing.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
-
-/*
-** Macros for troubleshooting.  Normally turned off
-*/
-#if 0
-int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
-#define sqlite3DebugPrintf printf
-#define PAGERTRACE(X)     if( sqlite3PagerTrace ){ sqlite3DebugPrintf X; }
-#else
-#define PAGERTRACE(X)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The following two macros are used within the PAGERTRACE() macros above
-** to print out file-descriptors. 
-**
-** PAGERID() takes a pointer to a Pager struct as its argument. The
-** associated file-descriptor is returned. FILEHANDLEID() takes an sqlite3_file
-** struct as its argument.
-*/
-#define PAGERID(p) ((int)(p->fd))
-#define FILEHANDLEID(fd) ((int)fd)
-
-/*
-** The page cache as a whole is always in one of the following
-** states:
-**
-**   PAGER_UNLOCK        The page cache is not currently reading or 
-**                       writing the database file.  There is no
-**                       data held in memory.  This is the initial
-**                       state.
-**
-**   PAGER_SHARED        The page cache is reading the database.
-**                       Writing is not permitted.  There can be
-**                       multiple readers accessing the same database
-**                       file at the same time.
-**
-**   PAGER_RESERVED      This process has reserved the database for writing
-**                       but has not yet made any changes.  Only one process
-**                       at a time can reserve the database.  The original
-**                       database file has not been modified so other
-**                       processes may still be reading the on-disk
-**                       database file.
-**
-**   PAGER_EXCLUSIVE     The page cache is writing the database.
-**                       Access is exclusive.  No other processes or
-**                       threads can be reading or writing while one
-**                       process is writing.
-**
-**   PAGER_SYNCED        The pager moves to this state from PAGER_EXCLUSIVE
-**                       after all dirty pages have been written to the
-**                       database file and the file has been synced to
-**                       disk. All that remains to do is to remove or
-**                       truncate the journal file and the transaction 
-**                       will be committed.
-**
-** The page cache comes up in PAGER_UNLOCK.  The first time a
-** sqlite3PagerGet() occurs, the state transitions to PAGER_SHARED.
-** After all pages have been released using sqlite_page_unref(),
-** the state transitions back to PAGER_UNLOCK.  The first time
-** that sqlite3PagerWrite() is called, the state transitions to
-** PAGER_RESERVED.  (Note that sqlite3PagerWrite() can only be
-** called on an outstanding page which means that the pager must
-** be in PAGER_SHARED before it transitions to PAGER_RESERVED.)
-** PAGER_RESERVED means that there is an open rollback journal.
-** The transition to PAGER_EXCLUSIVE occurs before any changes
-** are made to the database file, though writes to the rollback
-** journal occurs with just PAGER_RESERVED.  After an sqlite3PagerRollback()
-** or sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(), the state can go back to PAGER_SHARED,
-** or it can stay at PAGER_EXCLUSIVE if we are in exclusive access mode.
-*/
-#define PAGER_UNLOCK      0
-#define PAGER_SHARED      1   /* same as SHARED_LOCK */
-#define PAGER_RESERVED    2   /* same as RESERVED_LOCK */
-#define PAGER_EXCLUSIVE   4   /* same as EXCLUSIVE_LOCK */
-#define PAGER_SYNCED      5
-
-/*
-** A macro used for invoking the codec if there is one
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-# define CODEC1(P,D,N,X,E) \
-    if( P->xCodec && P->xCodec(P->pCodec,D,N,X)==0 ){ E; }
-# define CODEC2(P,D,N,X,E,O) \
-    if( P->xCodec==0 ){ O=(char*)D; }else \
-    if( (O=(char*)(P->xCodec(P->pCodec,D,N,X)))==0 ){ E; }
-#else
-# define CODEC1(P,D,N,X,E)   /* NO-OP */
-# define CODEC2(P,D,N,X,E,O) O=(char*)D
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The maximum allowed sector size. 64KiB. If the xSectorsize() method 
-** returns a value larger than this, then MAX_SECTOR_SIZE is used instead.
-** This could conceivably cause corruption following a power failure on
-** such a system. This is currently an undocumented limit.
-*/
-#define MAX_SECTOR_SIZE 0x10000
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure is allocated for each active
-** savepoint and statement transaction in the system. All such structures
-** are stored in the Pager.aSavepoint[] array, which is allocated and
-** resized using sqlite3Realloc().
-**
-** When a savepoint is created, the PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset field is
-** set to 0. If a journal-header is written into the main journal while
-** the savepoint is active, then iHdrOffset is set to the byte offset 
-** immediately following the last journal record written into the main
-** journal before the journal-header. This is required during savepoint
-** rollback (see pagerPlaybackSavepoint()).
-*/
-typedef struct PagerSavepoint PagerSavepoint;
-struct PagerSavepoint {
-  i64 iOffset;                 /* Starting offset in main journal */
-  i64 iHdrOffset;              /* See above */
-  Bitvec *pInSavepoint;        /* Set of pages in this savepoint */
-  Pgno nOrig;                  /* Original number of pages in file */
-  Pgno iSubRec;                /* Index of first record in sub-journal */
-};
-
-/*
-** A open page cache is an instance of the following structure.
-**
-** errCode
-**
-**   Pager.errCode may be set to SQLITE_IOERR, SQLITE_CORRUPT, or
-**   or SQLITE_FULL. Once one of the first three errors occurs, it persists
-**   and is returned as the result of every major pager API call.  The
-**   SQLITE_FULL return code is slightly different. It persists only until the
-**   next successful rollback is performed on the pager cache. Also,
-**   SQLITE_FULL does not affect the sqlite3PagerGet() and sqlite3PagerLookup()
-**   APIs, they may still be used successfully.
-**
-** dbSizeValid, dbSize, dbOrigSize, dbFileSize
-**
-**   Managing the size of the database file in pages is a little complicated.
-**   The variable Pager.dbSize contains the number of pages that the database
-**   image currently contains. As the database image grows or shrinks this
-**   variable is updated. The variable Pager.dbFileSize contains the number
-**   of pages in the database file. This may be different from Pager.dbSize
-**   if some pages have been appended to the database image but not yet written
-**   out from the cache to the actual file on disk. Or if the image has been
-**   truncated by an incremental-vacuum operation. The Pager.dbOrigSize variable
-**   contains the number of pages in the database image when the current
-**   transaction was opened. The contents of all three of these variables is
-**   only guaranteed to be correct if the boolean Pager.dbSizeValid is true.
-**
-**   TODO: Under what conditions is dbSizeValid set? Cleared?
-**
-** changeCountDone
-**
-**   This boolean variable is used to make sure that the change-counter 
-**   (the 4-byte header field at byte offset 24 of the database file) is 
-**   not updated more often than necessary. 
-**
-**   It is set to true when the change-counter field is updated, which 
-**   can only happen if an exclusive lock is held on the database file.
-**   It is cleared (set to false) whenever an exclusive lock is 
-**   relinquished on the database file. Each time a transaction is committed,
-**   The changeCountDone flag is inspected. If it is true, the work of
-**   updating the change-counter is omitted for the current transaction.
-**
-**   This mechanism means that when running in exclusive mode, a connection 
-**   need only update the change-counter once, for the first transaction
-**   committed.
-**
-** dbModified
-**
-**   The dbModified flag is set whenever a database page is dirtied.
-**   It is cleared at the end of each transaction.
-**
-**   It is used when committing or otherwise ending a transaction. If
-**   the dbModified flag is clear then less work has to be done.
-**
-** journalStarted
-**
-**   This flag is set whenever the the main journal is synced. 
-**
-**   The point of this flag is that it must be set after the 
-**   first journal header in a journal file has been synced to disk.
-**   After this has happened, new pages appended to the database 
-**   do not need the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag set, as they do not need
-**   to wait for a journal sync before they can be written out to
-**   the database file (see function pager_write()).
-**   
-** setMaster
-**
-**   This variable is used to ensure that the master journal file name
-**   (if any) is only written into the journal file once.
-**
-**   When committing a transaction, the master journal file name (if any)
-**   may be written into the journal file while the pager is still in
-**   PAGER_RESERVED state (see CommitPhaseOne() for the action). It
-**   then attempts to upgrade to an exclusive lock. If this attempt
-**   fails, then SQLITE_BUSY may be returned to the user and the user
-**   may attempt to commit the transaction again later (calling
-**   CommitPhaseOne() again). This flag is used to ensure that the 
-**   master journal name is only written to the journal file the first
-**   time CommitPhaseOne() is called.
-**
-** doNotSync
-**
-**   This variable is set and cleared by sqlite3PagerWrite().
-**
-** needSync
-**
-**   TODO: It might be easier to set this variable in writeJournalHdr()
-**   and writeMasterJournal() only. Change its meaning to "unsynced data
-**   has been written to the journal".
-**
-** subjInMemory
-**
-**   This is a boolean variable. If true, then any required sub-journal
-**   is opened as an in-memory journal file. If false, then in-memory
-**   sub-journals are only used for in-memory pager files.
-*/
-struct Pager {
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;          /* OS functions to use for IO */
-  u8 exclusiveMode;           /* Boolean. True if locking_mode==EXCLUSIVE */
-  u8 journalMode;             /* On of the PAGER_JOURNALMODE_* values */
-  u8 useJournal;              /* Use a rollback journal on this file */
-  u8 noReadlock;              /* Do not bother to obtain readlocks */
-  u8 noSync;                  /* Do not sync the journal if true */
-  u8 fullSync;                /* Do extra syncs of the journal for robustness */
-  u8 sync_flags;              /* One of SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL */
-  u8 tempFile;                /* zFilename is a temporary file */
-  u8 readOnly;                /* True for a read-only database */
-  u8 memDb;                   /* True to inhibit all file I/O */
-
-  /* The following block contains those class members that are dynamically
-  ** modified during normal operations. The other variables in this structure
-  ** are either constant throughout the lifetime of the pager, or else
-  ** used to store configuration parameters that affect the way the pager 
-  ** operates.
-  **
-  ** The 'state' variable is described in more detail along with the
-  ** descriptions of the values it may take - PAGER_UNLOCK etc. Many of the
-  ** other variables in this block are described in the comment directly 
-  ** above this class definition.
-  */
-  u8 state;                   /* PAGER_UNLOCK, _SHARED, _RESERVED, etc. */
-  u8 dbModified;              /* True if there are any changes to the Db */
-  u8 needSync;                /* True if an fsync() is needed on the journal */
-  u8 journalStarted;          /* True if header of journal is synced */
-  u8 changeCountDone;         /* Set after incrementing the change-counter */
-  u8 setMaster;               /* True if a m-j name has been written to jrnl */
-  u8 doNotSync;               /* Boolean. While true, do not spill the cache */
-  u8 dbSizeValid;             /* Set when dbSize is correct */
-  u8 subjInMemory;            /* True to use in-memory sub-journals */
-  Pgno dbSize;                /* Number of pages in the database */
-  Pgno dbOrigSize;            /* dbSize before the current transaction */
-  Pgno dbFileSize;            /* Number of pages in the database file */
-  int errCode;                /* One of several kinds of errors */
-  int nRec;                   /* Pages journalled since last j-header written */
-  u32 cksumInit;              /* Quasi-random value added to every checksum */
-  u32 nSubRec;                /* Number of records written to sub-journal */
-  Bitvec *pInJournal;         /* One bit for each page in the database file */
-  sqlite3_file *fd;           /* File descriptor for database */
-  sqlite3_file *jfd;          /* File descriptor for main journal */
-  sqlite3_file *sjfd;         /* File descriptor for sub-journal */
-  i64 journalOff;             /* Current write offset in the journal file */
-  i64 journalHdr;             /* Byte offset to previous journal header */
-  PagerSavepoint *aSavepoint; /* Array of active savepoints */
-  int nSavepoint;             /* Number of elements in aSavepoint[] */
-  char dbFileVers[16];        /* Changes whenever database file changes */
-  u32 sectorSize;             /* Assumed sector size during rollback */
-
-  u16 nExtra;                 /* Add this many bytes to each in-memory page */
-  i16 nReserve;               /* Number of unused bytes at end of each page */
-  u32 vfsFlags;               /* Flags for sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
-  int pageSize;               /* Number of bytes in a page */
-  Pgno mxPgno;                /* Maximum allowed size of the database */
-  char *zFilename;            /* Name of the database file */
-  char *zJournal;             /* Name of the journal file */
-  int (*xBusyHandler)(void*); /* Function to call when busy */
-  void *pBusyHandlerArg;      /* Context argument for xBusyHandler */
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  int nHit, nMiss;            /* Cache hits and missing */
-  int nRead, nWrite;          /* Database pages read/written */
-#endif
-  void (*xReiniter)(DbPage*); /* Call this routine when reloading pages */
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  void *(*xCodec)(void*,void*,Pgno,int); /* Routine for en/decoding data */
-  void (*xCodecSizeChng)(void*,int,int); /* Notify of page size changes */
-  void (*xCodecFree)(void*);             /* Destructor for the codec */
-  void *pCodec;               /* First argument to xCodec... methods */
-#endif
-  char *pTmpSpace;            /* Pager.pageSize bytes of space for tmp use */
-  i64 journalSizeLimit;       /* Size limit for persistent journal files */
-  PCache *pPCache;            /* Pointer to page cache object */
-  sqlite3_backup *pBackup;    /* Pointer to list of ongoing backup processes */
-};
-
-/*
-** The following global variables hold counters used for
-** testing purposes only.  These variables do not exist in
-** a non-testing build.  These variables are not thread-safe.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_pager_readdb_count = 0;    /* Number of full pages read from DB */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_pager_writedb_count = 0;   /* Number of full pages written to DB */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_pager_writej_count = 0;    /* Number of pages written to journal */
-# define PAGER_INCR(v)  v++
-#else
-# define PAGER_INCR(v)
-#endif
-
-
-
-/*
-** Journal files begin with the following magic string.  The data
-** was obtained from /dev/random.  It is used only as a sanity check.
-**
-** Since version 2.8.0, the journal format contains additional sanity
-** checking information.  If the power fails while the journal is being
-** written, semi-random garbage data might appear in the journal
-** file after power is restored.  If an attempt is then made
-** to roll the journal back, the database could be corrupted.  The additional
-** sanity checking data is an attempt to discover the garbage in the
-** journal and ignore it.
-**
-** The sanity checking information for the new journal format consists
-** of a 32-bit checksum on each page of data.  The checksum covers both
-** the page number and the pPager->pageSize bytes of data for the page.
-** This cksum is initialized to a 32-bit random value that appears in the
-** journal file right after the header.  The random initializer is important,
-** because garbage data that appears at the end of a journal is likely
-** data that was once in other files that have now been deleted.  If the
-** garbage data came from an obsolete journal file, the checksums might
-** be correct.  But by initializing the checksum to random value which
-** is different for every journal, we minimize that risk.
-*/
-static const unsigned char aJournalMagic[] = {
-  0xd9, 0xd5, 0x05, 0xf9, 0x20, 0xa1, 0x63, 0xd7,
-};
-
-/*
-** The size of the of each page record in the journal is given by
-** the following macro.
-*/
-#define JOURNAL_PG_SZ(pPager)  ((pPager->pageSize) + 8)
-
-/*
-** The journal header size for this pager. This is usually the same 
-** size as a single disk sector. See also setSectorSize().
-*/
-#define JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) (pPager->sectorSize)
-
-/*
-** The macro MEMDB is true if we are dealing with an in-memory database.
-** We do this as a macro so that if the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB macro is set,
-** the value of MEMDB will be a constant and the compiler will optimize
-** out code that would never execute.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
-# define MEMDB 0
-#else
-# define MEMDB pPager->memDb
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The maximum legal page number is (2^31 - 1).
-*/
-#define PAGER_MAX_PGNO 2147483647
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG 
-/*
-** Usage:
-**
-**   assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
-*/
-static int assert_pager_state(Pager *pPager){
-
-  /* A temp-file is always in PAGER_EXCLUSIVE or PAGER_SYNCED state. */
-  assert( pPager->tempFile==0 || pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE );
-
-  /* The changeCountDone flag is always set for temp-files */
-  assert( pPager->tempFile==0 || pPager->changeCountDone );
-
-  return 1;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return true if it is necessary to write page *pPg into the sub-journal.
-** A page needs to be written into the sub-journal if there exists one
-** or more open savepoints for which:
-**
-**   * The page-number is less than or equal to PagerSavepoint.nOrig, and
-**   * The bit corresponding to the page-number is not set in
-**     PagerSavepoint.pInSavepoint.
-*/
-static int subjRequiresPage(PgHdr *pPg){
-  Pgno pgno = pPg->pgno;
-  Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<pPager->nSavepoint; i++){
-    PagerSavepoint *p = &pPager->aSavepoint[i];
-    if( p->nOrig>=pgno && 0==sqlite3BitvecTest(p->pInSavepoint, pgno) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return true if the page is already in the journal file.
-*/
-static int pageInJournal(PgHdr *pPg){
-  return sqlite3BitvecTest(pPg->pPager->pInJournal, pPg->pgno);
-}
-
-/*
-** Read a 32-bit integer from the given file descriptor.  Store the integer
-** that is read in *pRes.  Return SQLITE_OK if everything worked, or an
-** error code is something goes wrong.
-**
-** All values are stored on disk as big-endian.
-*/
-static int read32bits(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 offset, u32 *pRes){
-  unsigned char ac[4];
-  int rc = sqlite3OsRead(fd, ac, sizeof(ac), offset);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    *pRes = sqlite3Get4byte(ac);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Write a 32-bit integer into a string buffer in big-endian byte order.
-*/
-#define put32bits(A,B)  sqlite3Put4byte((u8*)A,B)
-
-/*
-** Write a 32-bit integer into the given file descriptor.  Return SQLITE_OK
-** on success or an error code is something goes wrong.
-*/
-static int write32bits(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 offset, u32 val){
-  char ac[4];
-  put32bits(ac, val);
-  return sqlite3OsWrite(fd, ac, 4, offset);
-}
-
-/*
-** The argument to this macro is a file descriptor (type sqlite3_file*).
-** Return 0 if it is not open, or non-zero (but not 1) if it is.
-**
-** This is so that expressions can be written as:
-**
-**   if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){ ...
-**
-** instead of
-**
-**   if( pPager->jfd->pMethods ){ ...
-*/
-#define isOpen(pFd) ((pFd)->pMethods)
-
-/*
-** If file pFd is open, call sqlite3OsUnlock() on it.
-*/
-static int osUnlock(sqlite3_file *pFd, int eLock){
-  if( !isOpen(pFd) ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  return sqlite3OsUnlock(pFd, eLock);
-}
-
-/*
-** This function determines whether or not the atomic-write optimization
-** can be used with this pager. The optimization can be used if:
-**
-**  (a) the value returned by OsDeviceCharacteristics() indicates that
-**      a database page may be written atomically, and
-**  (b) the value returned by OsSectorSize() is less than or equal
-**      to the page size.
-**
-** The optimization is also always enabled for temporary files. It is
-** an error to call this function if pPager is opened on an in-memory
-** database.
-**
-** If the optimization cannot be used, 0 is returned. If it can be used,
-** then the value returned is the size of the journal file when it
-** contains rollback data for exactly one page.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
-static int jrnlBufferSize(Pager *pPager){
-  assert( !MEMDB );
-  if( !pPager->tempFile ){
-    int dc;                           /* Device characteristics */
-    int nSector;                      /* Sector size */
-    int szPage;                       /* Page size */
-
-    assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) );
-    dc = sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd);
-    nSector = pPager->sectorSize;
-    szPage = pPager->pageSize;
-
-    assert(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512==(512>>8));
-    assert(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K==(65536>>8));
-    if( 0==(dc&(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC|(szPage>>8)) || nSector>szPage) ){
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) + JOURNAL_PG_SZ(pPager);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** If SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES is defined then we do some sanity checking
-** on the cache using a hash function.  This is used for testing
-** and debugging only.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-/*
-** Return a 32-bit hash of the page data for pPage.
-*/
-static u32 pager_datahash(int nByte, unsigned char *pData){
-  u32 hash = 0;
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<nByte; i++){
-    hash = (hash*1039) + pData[i];
-  }
-  return hash;
-}
-static u32 pager_pagehash(PgHdr *pPage){
-  return pager_datahash(pPage->pPager->pageSize, (unsigned char *)pPage->pData);
-}
-static void pager_set_pagehash(PgHdr *pPage){
-  pPage->pageHash = pager_pagehash(pPage);
-}
-
-/*
-** The CHECK_PAGE macro takes a PgHdr* as an argument. If SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-** is defined, and NDEBUG is not defined, an assert() statement checks
-** that the page is either dirty or still matches the calculated page-hash.
-*/
-#define CHECK_PAGE(x) checkPage(x)
-static void checkPage(PgHdr *pPg){
-  Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
-  assert( !pPg->pageHash || pPager->errCode
-      || (pPg->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY) || pPg->pageHash==pager_pagehash(pPg) );
-}
-
-#else
-#define pager_datahash(X,Y)  0
-#define pager_pagehash(X)  0
-#define CHECK_PAGE(x)
-#endif  /* SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES */
-
-/*
-** When this is called the journal file for pager pPager must be open.
-** This function attempts to read a master journal file name from the 
-** end of the file and, if successful, copies it into memory supplied 
-** by the caller. See comments above writeMasterJournal() for the format
-** used to store a master journal file name at the end of a journal file.
-**
-** zMaster must point to a buffer of at least nMaster bytes allocated by
-** the caller. This should be sqlite3_vfs.mxPathname+1 (to ensure there is
-** enough space to write the master journal name). If the master journal
-** name in the journal is longer than nMaster bytes (including a
-** nul-terminator), then this is handled as if no master journal name
-** were present in the journal.
-**
-** If a master journal file name is present at the end of the journal
-** file, then it is copied into the buffer pointed to by zMaster. A
-** nul-terminator byte is appended to the buffer following the master
-** journal file name.
-**
-** If it is determined that no master journal file name is present 
-** zMaster[0] is set to 0 and SQLITE_OK returned.
-**
-** If an error occurs while reading from the journal file, an SQLite
-** error code is returned.
-*/
-static int readMasterJournal(sqlite3_file *pJrnl, char *zMaster, u32 nMaster){
-  int rc;                    /* Return code */
-  u32 len;                   /* Length in bytes of master journal name */
-  i64 szJ;                   /* Total size in bytes of journal file pJrnl */
-  u32 cksum;                 /* MJ checksum value read from journal */
-  u32 u;                     /* Unsigned loop counter */
-  unsigned char aMagic[8];   /* A buffer to hold the magic header */
-  zMaster[0] = '\0';
-
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pJrnl, &szJ))
-   || szJ<16
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pJrnl, szJ-16, &len))
-   || len>=nMaster 
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pJrnl, szJ-12, &cksum))
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsRead(pJrnl, aMagic, 8, szJ-8))
-   || memcmp(aMagic, aJournalMagic, 8)
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsRead(pJrnl, zMaster, len, szJ-16-len))
-  ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* See if the checksum matches the master journal name */
-  for(u=0; u<len; u++){
-    cksum -= zMaster[u];
-  }
-  if( cksum ){
-    /* If the checksum doesn't add up, then one or more of the disk sectors
-    ** containing the master journal filename is corrupted. This means
-    ** definitely roll back, so just return SQLITE_OK and report a (nul)
-    ** master-journal filename.
-    */
-    len = 0;
-  }
-  zMaster[len] = '\0';
-   
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the offset of the sector boundary at or immediately 
-** following the value in pPager->journalOff, assuming a sector 
-** size of pPager->sectorSize bytes.
-**
-** i.e for a sector size of 512:
-**
-**   Pager.journalOff          Return value
-**   ---------------------------------------
-**   0                         0
-**   512                       512
-**   100                       512
-**   2000                      2048
-** 
-*/
-static i64 journalHdrOffset(Pager *pPager){
-  i64 offset = 0;
-  i64 c = pPager->journalOff;
-  if( c ){
-    offset = ((c-1)/JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) + 1) * JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager);
-  }
-  assert( offset%JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager)==0 );
-  assert( offset>=c );
-  assert( (offset-c)<JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) );
-  return offset;
-}
-
-/*
-** The journal file must be open when this function is called.
-**
-** This function is a no-op if the journal file has not been written to
-** within the current transaction (i.e. if Pager.journalOff==0).
-**
-** If doTruncate is non-zero or the Pager.journalSizeLimit variable is
-** set to 0, then truncate the journal file to zero bytes in size. Otherwise,
-** zero the 28-byte header at the start of the journal file. In either case, 
-** if the pager is not in no-sync mode, sync the journal file immediately 
-** after writing or truncating it.
-**
-** If Pager.journalSizeLimit is set to a positive, non-zero value, and
-** following the truncation or zeroing described above the size of the 
-** journal file in bytes is larger than this value, then truncate the
-** journal file to Pager.journalSizeLimit bytes. The journal file does
-** not need to be synced following this operation.
-**
-** If an IO error occurs, abandon processing and return the IO error code.
-** Otherwise, return SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-static int zeroJournalHdr(Pager *pPager, int doTruncate){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                               /* Return code */
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
-  if( pPager->journalOff ){
-    const i64 iLimit = pPager->journalSizeLimit;    /* Local cache of jsl */
-
-    IOTRACE(("JZEROHDR %p\n", pPager))
-    if( doTruncate || iLimit==0 ){
-      rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pPager->jfd, 0);
-    }else{
-      static const char zeroHdr[28] = {0};
-      rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, zeroHdr, sizeof(zeroHdr), 0);
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !pPager->noSync ){
-      rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->jfd, SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY|pPager->sync_flags);
-    }
-
-    /* At this point the transaction is committed but the write lock 
-    ** is still held on the file. If there is a size limit configured for 
-    ** the persistent journal and the journal file currently consumes more
-    ** space than that limit allows for, truncate it now. There is no need
-    ** to sync the file following this operation.
-    */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iLimit>0 ){
-      i64 sz;
-      rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->jfd, &sz);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sz>iLimit ){
-        rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pPager->jfd, iLimit);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The journal file must be open when this routine is called. A journal
-** header (JOURNAL_HDR_SZ bytes) is written into the journal file at the
-** current location.
-**
-** The format for the journal header is as follows:
-** - 8 bytes: Magic identifying journal format.
-** - 4 bytes: Number of records in journal, or -1 no-sync mode is on.
-** - 4 bytes: Random number used for page hash.
-** - 4 bytes: Initial database page count.
-** - 4 bytes: Sector size used by the process that wrote this journal.
-** - 4 bytes: Database page size.
-** 
-** Followed by (JOURNAL_HDR_SZ - 28) bytes of unused space.
-*/
-static int writeJournalHdr(Pager *pPager){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                 /* Return code */
-  char *zHeader = pPager->pTmpSpace;  /* Temporary space used to build header */
-  u32 nHeader = pPager->pageSize;     /* Size of buffer pointed to by zHeader */
-  u32 nWrite;                         /* Bytes of header sector written */
-  int ii;                             /* Loop counter */
-
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) );      /* Journal file must be open. */
-
-  if( nHeader>JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) ){
-    nHeader = JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager);
-  }
-
-  /* If there are active savepoints and any of them were created 
-  ** since the most recent journal header was written, update the 
-  ** PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset fields now.
-  */
-  for(ii=0; ii<pPager->nSavepoint; ii++){
-    if( pPager->aSavepoint[ii].iHdrOffset==0 ){
-      pPager->aSavepoint[ii].iHdrOffset = pPager->journalOff;
-    }
-  }
-
-  pPager->journalHdr = pPager->journalOff = journalHdrOffset(pPager);
-
-  /* 
-  ** Write the nRec Field - the number of page records that follow this
-  ** journal header. Normally, zero is written to this value at this time.
-  ** After the records are added to the journal (and the journal synced, 
-  ** if in full-sync mode), the zero is overwritten with the true number
-  ** of records (see syncJournal()).
-  **
-  ** A faster alternative is to write 0xFFFFFFFF to the nRec field. When
-  ** reading the journal this value tells SQLite to assume that the
-  ** rest of the journal file contains valid page records. This assumption
-  ** is dangerous, as if a failure occurred whilst writing to the journal
-  ** file it may contain some garbage data. There are two scenarios
-  ** where this risk can be ignored:
-  **
-  **   * When the pager is in no-sync mode. Corruption can follow a
-  **     power failure in this case anyway.
-  **
-  **   * When the SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND flag is set. This guarantees
-  **     that garbage data is never appended to the journal file.
-  */
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || pPager->noSync );
-  if( (pPager->noSync) || (pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY)
-   || (sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd)&SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND) 
-  ){
-    memcpy(zHeader, aJournalMagic, sizeof(aJournalMagic));
-    put32bits(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)], 0xffffffff);
-  }else{
-    memset(zHeader, 0, sizeof(aJournalMagic)+4);
-  }
-
-  /* The random check-hash initialiser */ 
-  sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(pPager->cksumInit), &pPager->cksumInit);
-  put32bits(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)+4], pPager->cksumInit);
-  /* The initial database size */
-  put32bits(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)+8], pPager->dbOrigSize);
-  /* The assumed sector size for this process */
-  put32bits(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)+12], pPager->sectorSize);
-
-  /* The page size */
-  put32bits(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)+16], pPager->pageSize);
-
-  /* Initializing the tail of the buffer is not necessary.  Everything
-  ** works find if the following memset() is omitted.  But initializing
-  ** the memory prevents valgrind from complaining, so we are willing to
-  ** take the performance hit.
-  */
-  memset(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)+20], 0,
-         nHeader-(sizeof(aJournalMagic)+20));
-
-  /* In theory, it is only necessary to write the 28 bytes that the 
-  ** journal header consumes to the journal file here. Then increment the 
-  ** Pager.journalOff variable by JOURNAL_HDR_SZ so that the next 
-  ** record is written to the following sector (leaving a gap in the file
-  ** that will be implicitly filled in by the OS).
-  **
-  ** However it has been discovered that on some systems this pattern can 
-  ** be significantly slower than contiguously writing data to the file,
-  ** even if that means explicitly writing data to the block of 
-  ** (JOURNAL_HDR_SZ - 28) bytes that will not be used. So that is what
-  ** is done. 
-  **
-  ** The loop is required here in case the sector-size is larger than the 
-  ** database page size. Since the zHeader buffer is only Pager.pageSize
-  ** bytes in size, more than one call to sqlite3OsWrite() may be required
-  ** to populate the entire journal header sector.
-  */ 
-  for(nWrite=0; rc==SQLITE_OK&&nWrite<JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager); nWrite+=nHeader){
-    IOTRACE(("JHDR %p %lld %d\n", pPager, pPager->journalHdr, nHeader))
-    rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, zHeader, nHeader, pPager->journalOff);
-    pPager->journalOff += nHeader;
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The journal file must be open when this is called. A journal header file
-** (JOURNAL_HDR_SZ bytes) is read from the current location in the journal
-** file. The current location in the journal file is given by
-** pPager->journalOff. See comments above function writeJournalHdr() for
-** a description of the journal header format.
-**
-** If the header is read successfully, *pNRec is set to the number of
-** page records following this header and *pDbSize is set to the size of the
-** database before the transaction began, in pages. Also, pPager->cksumInit
-** is set to the value read from the journal header. SQLITE_OK is returned
-** in this case.
-**
-** If the journal header file appears to be corrupted, SQLITE_DONE is
-** returned and *pNRec and *PDbSize are undefined.  If JOURNAL_HDR_SZ bytes
-** cannot be read from the journal file an error code is returned.
-*/
-static int readJournalHdr(
-  Pager *pPager,               /* Pager object */
-  int isHot,
-  i64 journalSize,             /* Size of the open journal file in bytes */
-  u32 *pNRec,                  /* OUT: Value read from the nRec field */
-  u32 *pDbSize                 /* OUT: Value of original database size field */
-){
-  int rc;                      /* Return code */
-  unsigned char aMagic[8];     /* A buffer to hold the magic header */
-  i64 iHdrOff;                 /* Offset of journal header being read */
-
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) );      /* Journal file must be open. */
-
-  /* Advance Pager.journalOff to the start of the next sector. If the
-  ** journal file is too small for there to be a header stored at this
-  ** point, return SQLITE_DONE.
-  */
-  pPager->journalOff = journalHdrOffset(pPager);
-  if( pPager->journalOff+JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) > journalSize ){
-    return SQLITE_DONE;
-  }
-  iHdrOff = pPager->journalOff;
-
-  /* Read in the first 8 bytes of the journal header. If they do not match
-  ** the  magic string found at the start of each journal header, return
-  ** SQLITE_DONE. If an IO error occurs, return an error code. Otherwise,
-  ** proceed.
-  */
-  if( isHot || iHdrOff!=pPager->journalHdr ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->jfd, aMagic, sizeof(aMagic), iHdrOff);
-    if( rc ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    if( memcmp(aMagic, aJournalMagic, sizeof(aMagic))!=0 ){
-      return SQLITE_DONE;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Read the first three 32-bit fields of the journal header: The nRec
-  ** field, the checksum-initializer and the database size at the start
-  ** of the transaction. Return an error code if anything goes wrong.
-  */
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+8, pNRec))
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+12, &pPager->cksumInit))
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+16, pDbSize))
-  ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  if( pPager->journalOff==0 ){
-    u32 iPageSize;               /* Page-size field of journal header */
-    u32 iSectorSize;             /* Sector-size field of journal header */
-    u16 iPageSize16;             /* Copy of iPageSize in 16-bit variable */
-
-    /* Read the page-size and sector-size journal header fields. */
-    if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+20, &iSectorSize))
-     || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+24, &iPageSize))
-    ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-
-    /* Check that the values read from the page-size and sector-size fields
-    ** are within range. To be 'in range', both values need to be a power
-    ** of two greater than or equal to 512 or 32, and not greater than their 
-    ** respective compile time maximum limits.
-    */
-    if( iPageSize<512                  || iSectorSize<32
-     || iPageSize>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE || iSectorSize>MAX_SECTOR_SIZE
-     || ((iPageSize-1)&iPageSize)!=0   || ((iSectorSize-1)&iSectorSize)!=0 
-    ){
-      /* If the either the page-size or sector-size in the journal-header is 
-      ** invalid, then the process that wrote the journal-header must have 
-      ** crashed before the header was synced. In this case stop reading 
-      ** the journal file here.
-      */
-      return SQLITE_DONE;
-    }
-
-    /* Update the page-size to match the value read from the journal. 
-    ** Use a testcase() macro to make sure that malloc failure within 
-    ** PagerSetPagesize() is tested.
-    */
-    iPageSize16 = (u16)iPageSize;
-    rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pPager, &iPageSize16, -1);
-    testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || iPageSize16==(u16)iPageSize );
-
-    /* Update the assumed sector-size to match the value used by 
-    ** the process that created this journal. If this journal was
-    ** created by a process other than this one, then this routine
-    ** is being called from within pager_playback(). The local value
-    ** of Pager.sectorSize is restored at the end of that routine.
-    */
-    pPager->sectorSize = iSectorSize;
-  }
-
-  pPager->journalOff += JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Write the supplied master journal name into the journal file for pager
-** pPager at the current location. The master journal name must be the last
-** thing written to a journal file. If the pager is in full-sync mode, the
-** journal file descriptor is advanced to the next sector boundary before
-** anything is written. The format is:
-**
-**   + 4 bytes: PAGER_MJ_PGNO.
-**   + N bytes: Master journal filename in utf-8.
-**   + 4 bytes: N (length of master journal name in bytes, no nul-terminator).
-**   + 4 bytes: Master journal name checksum.
-**   + 8 bytes: aJournalMagic[].
-**
-** The master journal page checksum is the sum of the bytes in the master
-** journal name, where each byte is interpreted as a signed 8-bit integer.
-**
-** If zMaster is a NULL pointer (occurs for a single database transaction), 
-** this call is a no-op.
-*/
-static int writeMasterJournal(Pager *pPager, const char *zMaster){
-  int rc;                          /* Return code */
-  int nMaster;                     /* Length of string zMaster */
-  i64 iHdrOff;                     /* Offset of header in journal file */
-  i64 jrnlSize;                    /* Size of journal file on disk */
-  u32 cksum = 0;                   /* Checksum of string zMaster */
-
-  if( !zMaster || pPager->setMaster
-   || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY 
-   || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
-  ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  pPager->setMaster = 1;
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
-
-  /* Calculate the length in bytes and the checksum of zMaster */
-  for(nMaster=0; zMaster[nMaster]; nMaster++){
-    cksum += zMaster[nMaster];
-  }
-
-  /* If in full-sync mode, advance to the next disk sector before writing
-  ** the master journal name. This is in case the previous page written to
-  ** the journal has already been synced.
-  */
-  if( pPager->fullSync ){
-    pPager->journalOff = journalHdrOffset(pPager);
-  }
-  iHdrOff = pPager->journalOff;
-
-  /* Write the master journal data to the end of the journal file. If
-  ** an error occurs, return the error code to the caller.
-  */
-  if( (0 != (rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff, PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager))))
-   || (0 != (rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, zMaster, nMaster, iHdrOff+4)))
-   || (0 != (rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+4+nMaster, nMaster)))
-   || (0 != (rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+4+nMaster+4, cksum)))
-   || (0 != (rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, aJournalMagic, 8, iHdrOff+4+nMaster+8)))
-  ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  pPager->journalOff += (nMaster+20);
-  pPager->needSync = !pPager->noSync;
-
-  /* If the pager is in peristent-journal mode, then the physical 
-  ** journal-file may extend past the end of the master-journal name
-  ** and 8 bytes of magic data just written to the file. This is 
-  ** dangerous because the code to rollback a hot-journal file
-  ** will not be able to find the master-journal name to determine 
-  ** whether or not the journal is hot. 
-  **
-  ** Easiest thing to do in this scenario is to truncate the journal 
-  ** file to the required size.
-  */ 
-  if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->jfd, &jrnlSize))
-   && jrnlSize>pPager->journalOff
-  ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pPager->jfd, pPager->journalOff);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Find a page in the hash table given its page number. Return
-** a pointer to the page or NULL if the requested page is not 
-** already in memory.
-*/
-static PgHdr *pager_lookup(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
-  PgHdr *p;                         /* Return value */
-
-  /* It is not possible for a call to PcacheFetch() with createFlag==0 to
-  ** fail, since no attempt to allocate dynamic memory will be made.
-  */
-  (void)sqlite3PcacheFetch(pPager->pPCache, pgno, 0, &p);
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Unless the pager is in error-state, discard all in-memory pages. If
-** the pager is in error-state, then this call is a no-op.
-**
-** TODO: Why can we not reset the pager while in error state?
-*/
-static void pager_reset(Pager *pPager){
-  if( SQLITE_OK==pPager->errCode ){
-    sqlite3BackupRestart(pPager->pBackup);
-    sqlite3PcacheClear(pPager->pPCache);
-    pPager->dbSizeValid = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Free all structures in the Pager.aSavepoint[] array and set both
-** Pager.aSavepoint and Pager.nSavepoint to zero. Close the sub-journal
-** if it is open and the pager is not in exclusive mode.
-*/
-static void releaseAllSavepoints(Pager *pPager){
-  int ii;               /* Iterator for looping through Pager.aSavepoint */
-  for(ii=0; ii<pPager->nSavepoint; ii++){
-    sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pPager->aSavepoint[ii].pInSavepoint);
-  }
-  if( !pPager->exclusiveMode || sqlite3IsMemJournal(pPager->sjfd) ){
-    sqlite3OsClose(pPager->sjfd);
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(pPager->aSavepoint);
-  pPager->aSavepoint = 0;
-  pPager->nSavepoint = 0;
-  pPager->nSubRec = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the bit number pgno in the PagerSavepoint.pInSavepoint 
-** bitvecs of all open savepoints. Return SQLITE_OK if successful
-** or SQLITE_NOMEM if a malloc failure occurs.
-*/
-static int addToSavepointBitvecs(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
-  int ii;                   /* Loop counter */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;       /* Result code */
-
-  for(ii=0; ii<pPager->nSavepoint; ii++){
-    PagerSavepoint *p = &pPager->aSavepoint[ii];
-    if( pgno<=p->nOrig ){
-      rc |= sqlite3BitvecSet(p->pInSavepoint, pgno);
-      testcase( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
-      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Unlock the database file. This function is a no-op if the pager
-** is in exclusive mode.
-**
-** If the pager is currently in error state, discard the contents of 
-** the cache and reset the Pager structure internal state. If there is
-** an open journal-file, then the next time a shared-lock is obtained
-** on the pager file (by this or any other process), it will be
-** treated as a hot-journal and rolled back.
-*/
-static void pager_unlock(Pager *pPager){
-  if( !pPager->exclusiveMode ){
-    int rc;                      /* Return code */
-
-    /* Always close the journal file when dropping the database lock.
-    ** Otherwise, another connection with journal_mode=delete might
-    ** delete the file out from under us.
-    */
-    sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
-    sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pPager->pInJournal);
-    pPager->pInJournal = 0;
-    releaseAllSavepoints(pPager);
-
-    /* If the file is unlocked, somebody else might change it. The
-    ** values stored in Pager.dbSize etc. might become invalid if
-    ** this happens. TODO: Really, this doesn't need to be cleared
-    ** until the change-counter check fails in PagerSharedLock().
-    */
-    pPager->dbSizeValid = 0;
-
-    rc = osUnlock(pPager->fd, NO_LOCK);
-    if( rc ){
-      pPager->errCode = rc;
-    }
-    IOTRACE(("UNLOCK %p\n", pPager))
-
-    /* If Pager.errCode is set, the contents of the pager cache cannot be
-    ** trusted. Now that the pager file is unlocked, the contents of the
-    ** cache can be discarded and the error code safely cleared.
-    */
-    if( pPager->errCode ){
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        pPager->errCode = SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-      pager_reset(pPager);
-    }
-
-    pPager->changeCountDone = 0;
-    pPager->state = PAGER_UNLOCK;
-    pPager->dbModified = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function should be called when an IOERR, CORRUPT or FULL error
-** may have occurred. The first argument is a pointer to the pager 
-** structure, the second the error-code about to be returned by a pager 
-** API function. The value returned is a copy of the second argument 
-** to this function. 
-**
-** If the second argument is SQLITE_IOERR, SQLITE_CORRUPT, or SQLITE_FULL
-** the error becomes persistent. Until the persisten error is cleared,
-** subsequent API calls on this Pager will immediately return the same 
-** error code.
-**
-** A persistent error indicates that the contents of the pager-cache 
-** cannot be trusted. This state can be cleared by completely discarding 
-** the contents of the pager-cache. If a transaction was active when
-** the persistent error occurred, then the rollback journal may need
-** to be replayed to restore the contents of the database file (as if
-** it were a hot-journal).
-*/
-static int pager_error(Pager *pPager, int rc){
-  int rc2 = rc & 0xff;
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || !MEMDB );
-  assert(
-       pPager->errCode==SQLITE_FULL ||
-       pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK ||
-       (pPager->errCode & 0xff)==SQLITE_IOERR
-  );
-  if( rc2==SQLITE_FULL || rc2==SQLITE_IOERR ){
-    pPager->errCode = rc;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Execute a rollback if a transaction is active and unlock the 
-** database file. 
-**
-** If the pager has already entered the error state, do not attempt 
-** the rollback at this time. Instead, pager_unlock() is called. The
-** call to pager_unlock() will discard all in-memory pages, unlock
-** the database file and clear the error state. If this means that
-** there is a hot-journal left in the file-system, the next connection
-** to obtain a shared lock on the pager (which may be this one) will
-** roll it back.
-**
-** If the pager has not already entered the error state, but an IO or
-** malloc error occurs during a rollback, then this will itself cause 
-** the pager to enter the error state. Which will be cleared by the
-** call to pager_unlock(), as described above.
-*/
-static void pagerUnlockAndRollback(Pager *pPager){
-  if( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK && pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED ){
-    sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-    sqlite3PagerRollback(pPager);
-    sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-  }
-  pager_unlock(pPager);
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine ends a transaction. A transaction is usually ended by 
-** either a COMMIT or a ROLLBACK operation. This routine may be called 
-** after rollback of a hot-journal, or if an error occurs while opening
-** the journal file or writing the very first journal-header of a
-** database transaction.
-** 
-** If the pager is in PAGER_SHARED or PAGER_UNLOCK state when this
-** routine is called, it is a no-op (returns SQLITE_OK).
-**
-** Otherwise, any active savepoints are released.
-**
-** If the journal file is open, then it is "finalized". Once a journal 
-** file has been finalized it is not possible to use it to roll back a 
-** transaction. Nor will it be considered to be a hot-journal by this
-** or any other database connection. Exactly how a journal is finalized
-** depends on whether or not the pager is running in exclusive mode and
-** the current journal-mode (Pager.journalMode value), as follows:
-**
-**   journalMode==MEMORY
-**     Journal file descriptor is simply closed. This destroys an 
-**     in-memory journal.
-**
-**   journalMode==TRUNCATE
-**     Journal file is truncated to zero bytes in size.
-**
-**   journalMode==PERSIST
-**     The first 28 bytes of the journal file are zeroed. This invalidates
-**     the first journal header in the file, and hence the entire journal
-**     file. An invalid journal file cannot be rolled back.
-**
-**   journalMode==DELETE
-**     The journal file is closed and deleted using sqlite3OsDelete().
-**
-**     If the pager is running in exclusive mode, this method of finalizing
-**     the journal file is never used. Instead, if the journalMode is
-**     DELETE and the pager is in exclusive mode, the method described under
-**     journalMode==PERSIST is used instead.
-**
-** After the journal is finalized, if running in non-exclusive mode, the
-** pager moves to PAGER_SHARED state (and downgrades the lock on the
-** database file accordingly).
-**
-** If the pager is running in exclusive mode and is in PAGER_SYNCED state,
-** it moves to PAGER_EXCLUSIVE. No locks are downgraded when running in
-** exclusive mode.
-**
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if no error occurs. If an error occurs during
-** any of the IO operations to finalize the journal file or unlock the
-** database then the IO error code is returned to the user. If the 
-** operation to finalize the journal file fails, then the code still
-** tries to unlock the database file if not in exclusive mode. If the
-** unlock operation fails as well, then the first error code related
-** to the first error encountered (the journal finalization one) is
-** returned.
-*/
-static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;      /* Error code from journal finalization operation */
-  int rc2 = SQLITE_OK;     /* Error code from db file unlock operation */
-
-  if( pPager->state<PAGER_RESERVED ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  releaseAllSavepoints(pPager);
-
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) || pPager->pInJournal==0 );
-  if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-
-    /* Finalize the journal file. */
-    if( sqlite3IsMemJournal(pPager->jfd) ){
-      assert( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY );
-      sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
-    }else if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE ){
-      if( pPager->journalOff==0 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      }else{
-        rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pPager->jfd, 0);
-      }
-      pPager->journalOff = 0;
-      pPager->journalStarted = 0;
-    }else if( pPager->exclusiveMode 
-     || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
-    ){
-      rc = zeroJournalHdr(pPager, hasMaster);
-      pager_error(pPager, rc);
-      pPager->journalOff = 0;
-      pPager->journalStarted = 0;
-    }else{
-      /* This branch may be executed with Pager.journalMode==MEMORY if
-      ** a hot-journal was just rolled back. In this case the journal
-      ** file should be closed and deleted. If this connection writes to
-      ** the database file, it will do so using an in-memory journal.  */
-      assert( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE 
-           || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY 
-      );
-      sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
-      if( !pPager->tempFile ){
-        rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->pVfs, pPager->zJournal, 0);
-      }
-    }
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-    sqlite3PcacheIterateDirty(pPager->pPCache, pager_set_pagehash);
-#endif
-
-    sqlite3PcacheCleanAll(pPager->pPCache);
-    sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pPager->pInJournal);
-    pPager->pInJournal = 0;
-    pPager->nRec = 0;
-  }
-
-  if( !pPager->exclusiveMode ){
-    rc2 = osUnlock(pPager->fd, SHARED_LOCK);
-    pPager->state = PAGER_SHARED;
-    pPager->changeCountDone = 0;
-  }else if( pPager->state==PAGER_SYNCED ){
-    pPager->state = PAGER_EXCLUSIVE;
-  }
-  pPager->setMaster = 0;
-  pPager->needSync = 0;
-  pPager->dbModified = 0;
-
-  /* TODO: Is this optimal? Why is the db size invalidated here 
-  ** when the database file is not unlocked? */
-  pPager->dbOrigSize = 0;
-  sqlite3PcacheTruncate(pPager->pPCache, pPager->dbSize);
-  if( !MEMDB ){
-    pPager->dbSizeValid = 0;
-  }
-
-  return (rc==SQLITE_OK?rc2:rc);
-}
-
-/*
-** Parameter aData must point to a buffer of pPager->pageSize bytes
-** of data. Compute and return a checksum based ont the contents of the 
-** page of data and the current value of pPager->cksumInit.
-**
-** This is not a real checksum. It is really just the sum of the 
-** random initial value (pPager->cksumInit) and every 200th byte
-** of the page data, starting with byte offset (pPager->pageSize%200).
-** Each byte is interpreted as an 8-bit unsigned integer.
-**
-** Changing the formula used to compute this checksum results in an
-** incompatible journal file format.
-**
-** If journal corruption occurs due to a power failure, the most likely 
-** scenario is that one end or the other of the record will be changed. 
-** It is much less likely that the two ends of the journal record will be
-** correct and the middle be corrupt.  Thus, this "checksum" scheme,
-** though fast and simple, catches the mostly likely kind of corruption.
-*/
-static u32 pager_cksum(Pager *pPager, const u8 *aData){
-  u32 cksum = pPager->cksumInit;         /* Checksum value to return */
-  int i = pPager->pageSize-200;          /* Loop counter */
-  while( i>0 ){
-    cksum += aData[i];
-    i -= 200;
-  }
-  return cksum;
-}
-
-/*
-** Read a single page from either the journal file (if isMainJrnl==1) or
-** from the sub-journal (if isMainJrnl==0) and playback that page.
-** The page begins at offset *pOffset into the file. The *pOffset
-** value is increased to the start of the next page in the journal.
-**
-** The isMainJrnl flag is true if this is the main rollback journal and
-** false for the statement journal.  The main rollback journal uses
-** checksums - the statement journal does not.
-**
-** If the page number of the page record read from the (sub-)journal file
-** is greater than the current value of Pager.dbSize, then playback is
-** skipped and SQLITE_OK is returned.
-**
-** If pDone is not NULL, then it is a record of pages that have already
-** been played back.  If the page at *pOffset has already been played back
-** (if the corresponding pDone bit is set) then skip the playback.
-** Make sure the pDone bit corresponding to the *pOffset page is set
-** prior to returning.
-**
-** If the page record is successfully read from the (sub-)journal file
-** and played back, then SQLITE_OK is returned. If an IO error occurs
-** while reading the record from the (sub-)journal file or while writing
-** to the database file, then the IO error code is returned. If data
-** is successfully read from the (sub-)journal file but appears to be
-** corrupted, SQLITE_DONE is returned. Data is considered corrupted in
-** two circumstances:
-** 
-**   * If the record page-number is illegal (0 or PAGER_MJ_PGNO), or
-**   * If the record is being rolled back from the main journal file
-**     and the checksum field does not match the record content.
-**
-** Neither of these two scenarios are possible during a savepoint rollback.
-**
-** If this is a savepoint rollback, then memory may have to be dynamically
-** allocated by this function. If this is the case and an allocation fails,
-** SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
-*/
-static int pager_playback_one_page(
-  Pager *pPager,                /* The pager being played back */
-  int isMainJrnl,               /* 1 -> main journal. 0 -> sub-journal. */
-  int isUnsync,                 /* True if reading from unsynced main journal */
-  i64 *pOffset,                 /* Offset of record to playback */
-  int isSavepnt,                /* True for a savepoint rollback */
-  Bitvec *pDone                 /* Bitvec of pages already played back */
-){
-  int rc;
-  PgHdr *pPg;                   /* An existing page in the cache */
-  Pgno pgno;                    /* The page number of a page in journal */
-  u32 cksum;                    /* Checksum used for sanity checking */
-  char *aData;                  /* Temporary storage for the page */
-  sqlite3_file *jfd;            /* The file descriptor for the journal file */
-
-  assert( (isMainJrnl&~1)==0 );      /* isMainJrnl is 0 or 1 */
-  assert( (isSavepnt&~1)==0 );       /* isSavepnt is 0 or 1 */
-  assert( isMainJrnl || pDone );     /* pDone always used on sub-journals */
-  assert( isSavepnt || pDone==0 );   /* pDone never used on non-savepoint */
-
-  aData = pPager->pTmpSpace;
-  assert( aData );         /* Temp storage must have already been allocated */
-
-  /* Read the page number and page data from the journal or sub-journal
-  ** file. Return an error code to the caller if an IO error occurs.
-  */
-  jfd = isMainJrnl ? pPager->jfd : pPager->sjfd;
-  rc = read32bits(jfd, *pOffset, &pgno);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  rc = sqlite3OsRead(jfd, (u8*)aData, pPager->pageSize, (*pOffset)+4);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  *pOffset += pPager->pageSize + 4 + isMainJrnl*4;
-
-  /* Sanity checking on the page.  This is more important that I originally
-  ** thought.  If a power failure occurs while the journal is being written,
-  ** it could cause invalid data to be written into the journal.  We need to
-  ** detect this invalid data (with high probability) and ignore it.
-  */
-  if( pgno==0 || pgno==PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) ){
-    assert( !isSavepnt );
-    return SQLITE_DONE;
-  }
-  if( pgno>(Pgno)pPager->dbSize || sqlite3BitvecTest(pDone, pgno) ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  if( isMainJrnl ){
-    rc = read32bits(jfd, (*pOffset)-4, &cksum);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-    if( !isSavepnt && pager_cksum(pPager, (u8*)aData)!=cksum ){
-      return SQLITE_DONE;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( pDone && (rc = sqlite3BitvecSet(pDone, pgno))!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  assert( pPager->state==PAGER_RESERVED || pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE );
-
-  /* If the pager is in RESERVED state, then there must be a copy of this
-  ** page in the pager cache. In this case just update the pager cache,
-  ** not the database file. The page is left marked dirty in this case.
-  **
-  ** An exception to the above rule: If the database is in no-sync mode
-  ** and a page is moved during an incremental vacuum then the page may
-  ** not be in the pager cache. Later: if a malloc() or IO error occurs
-  ** during a Movepage() call, then the page may not be in the cache
-  ** either. So the condition described in the above paragraph is not
-  ** assert()able.
-  **
-  ** If in EXCLUSIVE state, then we update the pager cache if it exists
-  ** and the main file. The page is then marked not dirty.
-  **
-  ** Ticket #1171:  The statement journal might contain page content that is
-  ** different from the page content at the start of the transaction.
-  ** This occurs when a page is changed prior to the start of a statement
-  ** then changed again within the statement.  When rolling back such a
-  ** statement we must not write to the original database unless we know
-  ** for certain that original page contents are synced into the main rollback
-  ** journal.  Otherwise, a power loss might leave modified data in the
-  ** database file without an entry in the rollback journal that can
-  ** restore the database to its original form.  Two conditions must be
-  ** met before writing to the database files. (1) the database must be
-  ** locked.  (2) we know that the original page content is fully synced
-  ** in the main journal either because the page is not in cache or else
-  ** the page is marked as needSync==0.
-  **
-  ** 2008-04-14:  When attempting to vacuum a corrupt database file, it
-  ** is possible to fail a statement on a database that does not yet exist.
-  ** Do not attempt to write if database file has never been opened.
-  */
-  pPg = pager_lookup(pPager, pgno);
-  assert( pPg || !MEMDB );
-  PAGERTRACE(("PLAYBACK %d page %d hash(%08x) %s\n",
-           PAGERID(pPager), pgno, pager_datahash(pPager->pageSize, (u8*)aData),
-           (isMainJrnl?"main-journal":"sub-journal")
-  ));
-  if( (pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE)
-   && (pPg==0 || 0==(pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC))
-   && isOpen(pPager->fd)
-   && !isUnsync
-  ){
-    i64 ofst = (pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize;
-    rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->fd, (u8*)aData, pPager->pageSize, ofst);
-    if( pgno>pPager->dbFileSize ){
-      pPager->dbFileSize = pgno;
-    }
-    if( pPager->pBackup ){
-      CODEC1(pPager, aData, pgno, 3, rc=SQLITE_NOMEM);
-      sqlite3BackupUpdate(pPager->pBackup, pgno, (u8*)aData);
-      CODEC2(pPager, aData, pgno, 7, rc=SQLITE_NOMEM, aData);
-    }
-  }else if( !isMainJrnl && pPg==0 ){
-    /* If this is a rollback of a savepoint and data was not written to
-    ** the database and the page is not in-memory, there is a potential
-    ** problem. When the page is next fetched by the b-tree layer, it 
-    ** will be read from the database file, which may or may not be 
-    ** current. 
-    **
-    ** There are a couple of different ways this can happen. All are quite
-    ** obscure. When running in synchronous mode, this can only happen 
-    ** if the page is on the free-list at the start of the transaction, then
-    ** populated, then moved using sqlite3PagerMovepage().
-    **
-    ** The solution is to add an in-memory page to the cache containing
-    ** the data just read from the sub-journal. Mark the page as dirty 
-    ** and if the pager requires a journal-sync, then mark the page as 
-    ** requiring a journal-sync before it is written.
-    */
-    assert( isSavepnt );
-    if( (rc = sqlite3PagerAcquire(pPager, pgno, &pPg, 1))!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    pPg->flags &= ~PGHDR_NEED_READ;
-    sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty(pPg);
-  }
-  if( pPg ){
-    /* No page should ever be explicitly rolled back that is in use, except
-    ** for page 1 which is held in use in order to keep the lock on the
-    ** database active. However such a page may be rolled back as a result
-    ** of an internal error resulting in an automatic call to
-    ** sqlite3PagerRollback().
-    */
-    void *pData;
-    pData = pPg->pData;
-    memcpy(pData, (u8*)aData, pPager->pageSize);
-    pPager->xReiniter(pPg);
-    if( isMainJrnl && (!isSavepnt || *pOffset<=pPager->journalHdr) ){
-      /* If the contents of this page were just restored from the main 
-      ** journal file, then its content must be as they were when the 
-      ** transaction was first opened. In this case we can mark the page
-      ** as clean, since there will be no need to write it out to the.
-      **
-      ** There is one exception to this rule. If the page is being rolled
-      ** back as part of a savepoint (or statement) rollback from an 
-      ** unsynced portion of the main journal file, then it is not safe
-      ** to mark the page as clean. This is because marking the page as
-      ** clean will clear the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag. Since the page is
-      ** already in the journal file (recorded in Pager.pInJournal) and
-      ** the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag is cleared, if the page is written to
-      ** again within this transaction, it will be marked as dirty but
-      ** the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag will not be set. It could then potentially
-      ** be written out into the database file before its journal file
-      ** segment is synced. If a crash occurs during or following this,
-      ** database corruption may ensue.
-      */
-      sqlite3PcacheMakeClean(pPg);
-    }
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-    pPg->pageHash = pager_pagehash(pPg);
-#endif
-    /* If this was page 1, then restore the value of Pager.dbFileVers.
-    ** Do this before any decoding. */
-    if( pgno==1 ){
-      memcpy(&pPager->dbFileVers, &((u8*)pData)[24],sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers));
-    }
-
-    /* Decode the page just read from disk */
-    CODEC1(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 3, rc=SQLITE_NOMEM);
-    sqlite3PcacheRelease(pPg);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Parameter zMaster is the name of a master journal file. A single journal
-** file that referred to the master journal file has just been rolled back.
-** This routine checks if it is possible to delete the master journal file,
-** and does so if it is.
-**
-** Argument zMaster may point to Pager.pTmpSpace. So that buffer is not 
-** available for use within this function.
-**
-** When a master journal file is created, it is populated with the names 
-** of all of its child journals, one after another, formatted as utf-8 
-** encoded text. The end of each child journal file is marked with a 
-** nul-terminator byte (0x00). i.e. the entire contents of a master journal
-** file for a transaction involving two databases might be:
-**
-**   "/home/bill/a.db-journal\x00/home/bill/b.db-journal\x00"
-**
-** A master journal file may only be deleted once all of its child 
-** journals have been rolled back.
-**
-** This function reads the contents of the master-journal file into 
-** memory and loops through each of the child journal names. For
-** each child journal, it checks if:
-**
-**   * if the child journal exists, and if so
-**   * if the child journal contains a reference to master journal 
-**     file zMaster
-**
-** If a child journal can be found that matches both of the criteria
-** above, this function returns without doing anything. Otherwise, if
-** no such child journal can be found, file zMaster is deleted from
-** the file-system using sqlite3OsDelete().
-**
-** If an IO error within this function, an error code is returned. This
-** function allocates memory by calling sqlite3Malloc(). If an allocation
-** fails, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned. Otherwise, if no IO or malloc errors 
-** occur, SQLITE_OK is returned.
-**
-** TODO: This function allocates a single block of memory to load
-** the entire contents of the master journal file. This could be
-** a couple of kilobytes or so - potentially larger than the page 
-** size.
-*/
-static int pager_delmaster(Pager *pPager, const char *zMaster){
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = pPager->pVfs;
-  int rc;                   /* Return code */
-  sqlite3_file *pMaster;    /* Malloc'd master-journal file descriptor */
-  sqlite3_file *pJournal;   /* Malloc'd child-journal file descriptor */
-  char *zMasterJournal = 0; /* Contents of master journal file */
-  i64 nMasterJournal;       /* Size of master journal file */
-
-  /* Allocate space for both the pJournal and pMaster file descriptors.
-  ** If successful, open the master journal file for reading.
-  */
-  pMaster = (sqlite3_file *)sqlite3MallocZero(pVfs->szOsFile * 2);
-  pJournal = (sqlite3_file *)(((u8 *)pMaster) + pVfs->szOsFile);
-  if( !pMaster ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else{
-    const int flags = (SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY|SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL);
-    rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, zMaster, pMaster, flags, 0);
-  }
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delmaster_out;
-
-  rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pMaster, &nMasterJournal);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delmaster_out;
-
-  if( nMasterJournal>0 ){
-    char *zJournal;
-    char *zMasterPtr = 0;
-    int nMasterPtr = pVfs->mxPathname+1;
-
-    /* Load the entire master journal file into space obtained from
-    ** sqlite3_malloc() and pointed to by zMasterJournal. 
-    */
-    zMasterJournal = sqlite3Malloc((int)nMasterJournal + nMasterPtr + 1);
-    if( !zMasterJournal ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      goto delmaster_out;
-    }
-    zMasterPtr = &zMasterJournal[nMasterJournal+1];
-    rc = sqlite3OsRead(pMaster, zMasterJournal, (int)nMasterJournal, 0);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delmaster_out;
-    zMasterJournal[nMasterJournal] = 0;
-
-    zJournal = zMasterJournal;
-    while( (zJournal-zMasterJournal)<nMasterJournal ){
-      int exists;
-      rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zJournal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &exists);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto delmaster_out;
-      }
-      if( exists ){
-        /* One of the journals pointed to by the master journal exists.
-        ** Open it and check if it points at the master journal. If
-        ** so, return without deleting the master journal file.
-        */
-        int c;
-        int flags = (SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL);
-        rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, zJournal, pJournal, flags, 0);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          goto delmaster_out;
-        }
-
-        rc = readMasterJournal(pJournal, zMasterPtr, nMasterPtr);
-        sqlite3OsClose(pJournal);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          goto delmaster_out;
-        }
-
-        c = zMasterPtr[0]!=0 && strcmp(zMasterPtr, zMaster)==0;
-        if( c ){
-          /* We have a match. Do not delete the master journal file. */
-          goto delmaster_out;
-        }
-      }
-      zJournal += (sqlite3Strlen30(zJournal)+1);
-    }
-  }
-  
-  rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zMaster, 0);
-
-delmaster_out:
-  if( zMasterJournal ){
-    sqlite3_free(zMasterJournal);
-  }  
-  if( pMaster ){
-    sqlite3OsClose(pMaster);
-    assert( !isOpen(pJournal) );
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(pMaster);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This function is used to change the actual size of the database 
-** file in the file-system. This only happens when committing a transaction,
-** or rolling back a transaction (including rolling back a hot-journal).
-**
-** If the main database file is not open, or an exclusive lock is not
-** held, this function is a no-op. Otherwise, the size of the file is
-** changed to nPage pages (nPage*pPager->pageSize bytes). If the file
-** on disk is currently larger than nPage pages, then use the VFS
-** xTruncate() method to truncate it.
-**
-** Or, it might might be the case that the file on disk is smaller than 
-** nPage pages. Some operating system implementations can get confused if 
-** you try to truncate a file to some size that is larger than it 
-** currently is, so detect this case and write a single zero byte to 
-** the end of the new file instead.
-**
-** If successful, return SQLITE_OK. If an IO error occurs while modifying
-** the database file, return the error code to the caller.
-*/
-static int pager_truncate(Pager *pPager, Pgno nPage){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE && isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
-    i64 currentSize, newSize;
-    /* TODO: Is it safe to use Pager.dbFileSize here? */
-    rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->fd, &currentSize);
-    newSize = pPager->pageSize*(i64)nPage;
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && currentSize!=newSize ){
-      if( currentSize>newSize ){
-        rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pPager->fd, newSize);
-      }else{
-        rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->fd, "", 1, newSize-1);
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        pPager->dbFileSize = nPage;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the value of the Pager.sectorSize variable for the given
-** pager based on the value returned by the xSectorSize method
-** of the open database file. The sector size will be used used 
-** to determine the size and alignment of journal header and 
-** master journal pointers within created journal files.
-**
-** For temporary files the effective sector size is always 512 bytes.
-**
-** Otherwise, for non-temporary files, the effective sector size is
-** the value returned by the xSectorSize() method rounded up to 32 if
-** it is less than 32, or rounded down to MAX_SECTOR_SIZE if it
-** is greater than MAX_SECTOR_SIZE.
-*/
-static void setSectorSize(Pager *pPager){
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || pPager->tempFile );
-
-  if( !pPager->tempFile ){
-    /* Sector size doesn't matter for temporary files. Also, the file
-    ** may not have been opened yet, in which case the OsSectorSize()
-    ** call will segfault.
-    */
-    pPager->sectorSize = sqlite3OsSectorSize(pPager->fd);
-  }
-  if( pPager->sectorSize<32 ){
-    pPager->sectorSize = 512;
-  }
-  if( pPager->sectorSize>MAX_SECTOR_SIZE ){
-    assert( MAX_SECTOR_SIZE>=512 );
-    pPager->sectorSize = MAX_SECTOR_SIZE;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Playback the journal and thus restore the database file to
-** the state it was in before we started making changes.  
-**
-** The journal file format is as follows: 
-**
-**  (1)  8 byte prefix.  A copy of aJournalMagic[].
-**  (2)  4 byte big-endian integer which is the number of valid page records
-**       in the journal.  If this value is 0xffffffff, then compute the
-**       number of page records from the journal size.
-**  (3)  4 byte big-endian integer which is the initial value for the 
-**       sanity checksum.
-**  (4)  4 byte integer which is the number of pages to truncate the
-**       database to during a rollback.
-**  (5)  4 byte big-endian integer which is the sector size.  The header
-**       is this many bytes in size.
-**  (6)  4 byte big-endian integer which is the page size.
-**  (7)  zero padding out to the next sector size.
-**  (8)  Zero or more pages instances, each as follows:
-**        +  4 byte page number.
-**        +  pPager->pageSize bytes of data.
-**        +  4 byte checksum
-**
-** When we speak of the journal header, we mean the first 7 items above.
-** Each entry in the journal is an instance of the 8th item.
-**
-** Call the value from the second bullet "nRec".  nRec is the number of
-** valid page entries in the journal.  In most cases, you can compute the
-** value of nRec from the size of the journal file.  But if a power
-** failure occurred while the journal was being written, it could be the
-** case that the size of the journal file had already been increased but
-** the extra entries had not yet made it safely to disk.  In such a case,
-** the value of nRec computed from the file size would be too large.  For
-** that reason, we always use the nRec value in the header.
-**
-** If the nRec value is 0xffffffff it means that nRec should be computed
-** from the file size.  This value is used when the user selects the
-** no-sync option for the journal.  A power failure could lead to corruption
-** in this case.  But for things like temporary table (which will be
-** deleted when the power is restored) we don't care.  
-**
-** If the file opened as the journal file is not a well-formed
-** journal file then all pages up to the first corrupted page are rolled
-** back (or no pages if the journal header is corrupted). The journal file
-** is then deleted and SQLITE_OK returned, just as if no corruption had
-** been encountered.
-**
-** If an I/O or malloc() error occurs, the journal-file is not deleted
-** and an error code is returned.
-**
-** The isHot parameter indicates that we are trying to rollback a journal
-** that might be a hot journal.  Or, it could be that the journal is 
-** preserved because of JOURNALMODE_PERSIST or JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE.
-** If the journal really is hot, reset the pager cache prior rolling
-** back any content.  If the journal is merely persistent, no reset is
-** needed.
-*/
-static int pager_playback(Pager *pPager, int isHot){
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = pPager->pVfs;
-  i64 szJ;                 /* Size of the journal file in bytes */
-  u32 nRec;                /* Number of Records in the journal */
-  u32 u;                   /* Unsigned loop counter */
-  Pgno mxPg = 0;           /* Size of the original file in pages */
-  int rc;                  /* Result code of a subroutine */
-  int res = 1;             /* Value returned by sqlite3OsAccess() */
-  char *zMaster = 0;       /* Name of master journal file if any */
-  int needPagerReset;      /* True to reset page prior to first page rollback */
-
-  /* Figure out how many records are in the journal.  Abort early if
-  ** the journal is empty.
-  */
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
-  rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->jfd, &szJ);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || szJ==0 ){
-    goto end_playback;
-  }
-
-  /* Read the master journal name from the journal, if it is present.
-  ** If a master journal file name is specified, but the file is not
-  ** present on disk, then the journal is not hot and does not need to be
-  ** played back.
-  **
-  ** TODO: Technically the following is an error because it assumes that
-  ** buffer Pager.pTmpSpace is (mxPathname+1) bytes or larger. i.e. that
-  ** (pPager->pageSize >= pPager->pVfs->mxPathname+1). Using os_unix.c,
-  **  mxPathname is 512, which is the same as the minimum allowable value
-  ** for pageSize.
-  */
-  zMaster = pPager->pTmpSpace;
-  rc = readMasterJournal(pPager->jfd, zMaster, pPager->pVfs->mxPathname+1);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && zMaster[0] ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zMaster, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &res);
-  }
-  zMaster = 0;
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || !res ){
-    goto end_playback;
-  }
-  pPager->journalOff = 0;
-  needPagerReset = isHot;
-
-  /* This loop terminates either when a readJournalHdr() or 
-  ** pager_playback_one_page() call returns SQLITE_DONE or an IO error 
-  ** occurs. 
-  */
-  while( 1 ){
-    int isUnsync = 0;
-
-    /* Read the next journal header from the journal file.  If there are
-    ** not enough bytes left in the journal file for a complete header, or
-    ** it is corrupted, then a process must of failed while writing it.
-    ** This indicates nothing more needs to be rolled back.
-    */
-    rc = readJournalHdr(pPager, isHot, szJ, &nRec, &mxPg);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){ 
-      if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-      goto end_playback;
-    }
-
-    /* If nRec is 0xffffffff, then this journal was created by a process
-    ** working in no-sync mode. This means that the rest of the journal
-    ** file consists of pages, there are no more journal headers. Compute
-    ** the value of nRec based on this assumption.
-    */
-    if( nRec==0xffffffff ){
-      assert( pPager->journalOff==JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) );
-      nRec = (int)((szJ - JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager))/JOURNAL_PG_SZ(pPager));
-    }
-
-    /* If nRec is 0 and this rollback is of a transaction created by this
-    ** process and if this is the final header in the journal, then it means
-    ** that this part of the journal was being filled but has not yet been
-    ** synced to disk.  Compute the number of pages based on the remaining
-    ** size of the file.
-    **
-    ** The third term of the test was added to fix ticket #2565.
-    ** When rolling back a hot journal, nRec==0 always means that the next
-    ** chunk of the journal contains zero pages to be rolled back.  But
-    ** when doing a ROLLBACK and the nRec==0 chunk is the last chunk in
-    ** the journal, it means that the journal might contain additional
-    ** pages that need to be rolled back and that the number of pages 
-    ** should be computed based on the journal file size.
-    */
-    if( nRec==0 && !isHot &&
-        pPager->journalHdr+JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager)==pPager->journalOff ){
-      nRec = (int)((szJ - pPager->journalOff) / JOURNAL_PG_SZ(pPager));
-      isUnsync = 1;
-    }
-
-    /* If this is the first header read from the journal, truncate the
-    ** database file back to its original size.
-    */
-    if( pPager->journalOff==JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) ){
-      rc = pager_truncate(pPager, mxPg);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto end_playback;
-      }
-      pPager->dbSize = mxPg;
-    }
-
-    /* Copy original pages out of the journal and back into the 
-    ** database file and/or page cache.
-    */
-    for(u=0; u<nRec; u++){
-      if( needPagerReset ){
-        pager_reset(pPager);
-        needPagerReset = 0;
-      }
-      rc = pager_playback_one_page(pPager,1,isUnsync,&pPager->journalOff,0,0);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-          rc = SQLITE_OK;
-          pPager->journalOff = szJ;
-          break;
-        }else{
-          /* If we are unable to rollback, quit and return the error
-          ** code.  This will cause the pager to enter the error state
-          ** so that no further harm will be done.  Perhaps the next
-          ** process to come along will be able to rollback the database.
-          */
-          goto end_playback;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  /*NOTREACHED*/
-  assert( 0 );
-
-end_playback:
-  /* Following a rollback, the database file should be back in its original
-  ** state prior to the start of the transaction, so invoke the
-  ** SQLITE_FCNTL_DB_UNCHANGED file-control method to disable the
-  ** assertion that the transaction counter was modified.
-  */
-  assert(
-    pPager->fd->pMethods==0 ||
-    sqlite3OsFileControl(pPager->fd,SQLITE_FCNTL_DB_UNCHANGED,0)>=SQLITE_OK
-  );
-
-  /* If this playback is happening automatically as a result of an IO or 
-  ** malloc error that occurred after the change-counter was updated but 
-  ** before the transaction was committed, then the change-counter 
-  ** modification may just have been reverted. If this happens in exclusive 
-  ** mode, then subsequent transactions performed by the connection will not
-  ** update the change-counter at all. This may lead to cache inconsistency
-  ** problems for other processes at some point in the future. So, just
-  ** in case this has happened, clear the changeCountDone flag now.
-  */
-  pPager->changeCountDone = pPager->tempFile;
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    zMaster = pPager->pTmpSpace;
-    rc = readMasterJournal(pPager->jfd, zMaster, pPager->pVfs->mxPathname+1);
-    testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->noSync==0 && pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->fd, pPager->sync_flags);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, zMaster[0]!='\0');
-    testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && zMaster[0] && res ){
-    /* If there was a master journal and this routine will return success,
-    ** see if it is possible to delete the master journal.
-    */
-    rc = pager_delmaster(pPager, zMaster);
-    testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-  }
-
-  /* The Pager.sectorSize variable may have been updated while rolling
-  ** back a journal created by a process with a different sector size
-  ** value. Reset it to the correct value for this process.
-  */
-  setSectorSize(pPager);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Playback savepoint pSavepoint. Or, if pSavepoint==NULL, then playback
-** the entire master journal file. The case pSavepoint==NULL occurs when 
-** a ROLLBACK TO command is invoked on a SAVEPOINT that is a transaction 
-** savepoint.
-**
-** When pSavepoint is not NULL (meaning a non-transaction savepoint is 
-** being rolled back), then the rollback consists of up to three stages,
-** performed in the order specified:
-**
-**   * Pages are played back from the main journal starting at byte
-**     offset PagerSavepoint.iOffset and continuing to 
-**     PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset, or to the end of the main journal
-**     file if PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset is zero.
-**
-**   * If PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset is not zero, then pages are played
-**     back starting from the journal header immediately following 
-**     PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset to the end of the main journal file.
-**
-**   * Pages are then played back from the sub-journal file, starting
-**     with the PagerSavepoint.iSubRec and continuing to the end of
-**     the journal file.
-**
-** Throughout the rollback process, each time a page is rolled back, the
-** corresponding bit is set in a bitvec structure (variable pDone in the
-** implementation below). This is used to ensure that a page is only
-** rolled back the first time it is encountered in either journal.
-**
-** If pSavepoint is NULL, then pages are only played back from the main
-** journal file. There is no need for a bitvec in this case.
-**
-** In either case, before playback commences the Pager.dbSize variable
-** is reset to the value that it held at the start of the savepoint 
-** (or transaction). No page with a page-number greater than this value
-** is played back. If one is encountered it is simply skipped.
-*/
-static int pagerPlaybackSavepoint(Pager *pPager, PagerSavepoint *pSavepoint){
-  i64 szJ;                 /* Effective size of the main journal */
-  i64 iHdrOff;             /* End of first segment of main-journal records */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;      /* Return code */
-  Bitvec *pDone = 0;       /* Bitvec to ensure pages played back only once */
-
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED );
-
-  /* Allocate a bitvec to use to store the set of pages rolled back */
-  if( pSavepoint ){
-    pDone = sqlite3BitvecCreate(pSavepoint->nOrig);
-    if( !pDone ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Set the database size back to the value it was before the savepoint 
-  ** being reverted was opened.
-  */
-  pPager->dbSize = pSavepoint ? pSavepoint->nOrig : pPager->dbOrigSize;
-
-  /* Use pPager->journalOff as the effective size of the main rollback
-  ** journal.  The actual file might be larger than this in
-  ** PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE or PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST.  But anything
-  ** past pPager->journalOff is off-limits to us.
-  */
-  szJ = pPager->journalOff;
-
-  /* Begin by rolling back records from the main journal starting at
-  ** PagerSavepoint.iOffset and continuing to the next journal header.
-  ** There might be records in the main journal that have a page number
-  ** greater than the current database size (pPager->dbSize) but those
-  ** will be skipped automatically.  Pages are added to pDone as they
-  ** are played back.
-  */
-  if( pSavepoint ){
-    iHdrOff = pSavepoint->iHdrOffset ? pSavepoint->iHdrOffset : szJ;
-    pPager->journalOff = pSavepoint->iOffset;
-    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->journalOff<iHdrOff ){
-      rc = pager_playback_one_page(pPager, 1, 0, &pPager->journalOff, 1, pDone);
-    }
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_DONE );
-  }else{
-    pPager->journalOff = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Continue rolling back records out of the main journal starting at
-  ** the first journal header seen and continuing until the effective end
-  ** of the main journal file.  Continue to skip out-of-range pages and
-  ** continue adding pages rolled back to pDone.
-  */
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->journalOff<szJ ){
-    u32 ii;            /* Loop counter */
-    u32 nJRec = 0;     /* Number of Journal Records */
-    u32 dummy;
-    rc = readJournalHdr(pPager, 0, szJ, &nJRec, &dummy);
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_DONE );
-
-    /*
-    ** The "pPager->journalHdr+JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager)==pPager->journalOff"
-    ** test is related to ticket #2565.  See the discussion in the
-    ** pager_playback() function for additional information.
-    */
-    if( nJRec==0 
-     && pPager->journalHdr+JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager)==pPager->journalOff
-    ){
-      nJRec = (u32)((szJ - pPager->journalOff)/JOURNAL_PG_SZ(pPager));
-    }
-    for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<nJRec && pPager->journalOff<szJ; ii++){
-      rc = pager_playback_one_page(pPager, 1, 0, &pPager->journalOff, 1, pDone);
-    }
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_DONE );
-  }
-  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pPager->journalOff==szJ );
-
-  /* Finally,  rollback pages from the sub-journal.  Page that were
-  ** previously rolled back out of the main journal (and are hence in pDone)
-  ** will be skipped.  Out-of-range pages are also skipped.
-  */
-  if( pSavepoint ){
-    u32 ii;            /* Loop counter */
-    i64 offset = pSavepoint->iSubRec*(4+pPager->pageSize);
-    for(ii=pSavepoint->iSubRec; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<pPager->nSubRec; ii++){
-      assert( offset==ii*(4+pPager->pageSize) );
-      rc = pager_playback_one_page(pPager, 0, 0, &offset, 1, pDone);
-    }
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_DONE );
-  }
-
-  sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pDone);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pPager->journalOff = szJ;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the maximum number of in-memory pages that are allowed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetCachesize(Pager *pPager, int mxPage){
-  sqlite3PcacheSetCachesize(pPager->pPCache, mxPage);
-}
-
-/*
-** Adjust the robustness of the database to damage due to OS crashes
-** or power failures by changing the number of syncs()s when writing
-** the rollback journal.  There are three levels:
-**
-**    OFF       sqlite3OsSync() is never called.  This is the default
-**              for temporary and transient files.
-**
-**    NORMAL    The journal is synced once before writes begin on the
-**              database.  This is normally adequate protection, but
-**              it is theoretically possible, though very unlikely,
-**              that an inopertune power failure could leave the journal
-**              in a state which would cause damage to the database
-**              when it is rolled back.
-**
-**    FULL      The journal is synced twice before writes begin on the
-**              database (with some additional information - the nRec field
-**              of the journal header - being written in between the two
-**              syncs).  If we assume that writing a
-**              single disk sector is atomic, then this mode provides
-**              assurance that the journal will not be corrupted to the
-**              point of causing damage to the database during rollback.
-**
-** Numeric values associated with these states are OFF==1, NORMAL=2,
-** and FULL=3.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetSafetyLevel(Pager *pPager, int level, int bFullFsync){
-  pPager->noSync =  (level==1 || pPager->tempFile) ?1:0;
-  pPager->fullSync = (level==3 && !pPager->tempFile) ?1:0;
-  pPager->sync_flags = (bFullFsync?SQLITE_SYNC_FULL:SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL);
-  if( pPager->noSync ) pPager->needSync = 0;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The following global variable is incremented whenever the library
-** attempts to open a temporary file.  This information is used for
-** testing and analysis only.  
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_opentemp_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Open a temporary file.
-**
-** Write the file descriptor into *pFile. Return SQLITE_OK on success 
-** or some other error code if we fail. The OS will automatically 
-** delete the temporary file when it is closed.
-**
-** The flags passed to the VFS layer xOpen() call are those specified
-** by parameter vfsFlags ORed with the following:
-**
-**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
-**     SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE
-**     SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE
-**     SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE
-*/
-static int pagerOpentemp(
-  Pager *pPager,        /* The pager object */
-  sqlite3_file *pFile,  /* Write the file descriptor here */
-  int vfsFlags          /* Flags passed through to the VFS */
-){
-  int rc;               /* Return code */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  sqlite3_opentemp_count++;  /* Used for testing and analysis only */
-#endif
-
-  vfsFlags |=  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
-            SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE | SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE;
-  rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pPager->pVfs, 0, pFile, vfsFlags, 0);
-  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || isOpen(pFile) );
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the busy handler function.
-**
-** The pager invokes the busy-handler if sqlite3OsLock() returns 
-** SQLITE_BUSY when trying to upgrade from no-lock to a SHARED lock,
-** or when trying to upgrade from a RESERVED lock to an EXCLUSIVE 
-** lock. It does *not* invoke the busy handler when upgrading from
-** SHARED to RESERVED, or when upgrading from SHARED to EXCLUSIVE
-** (which occurs during hot-journal rollback). Summary:
-**
-**   Transition                        | Invokes xBusyHandler
-**   --------------------------------------------------------
-**   NO_LOCK       -> SHARED_LOCK      | Yes
-**   SHARED_LOCK   -> RESERVED_LOCK    | No
-**   SHARED_LOCK   -> EXCLUSIVE_LOCK   | No
-**   RESERVED_LOCK -> EXCLUSIVE_LOCK   | Yes
-**
-** If the busy-handler callback returns non-zero, the lock is 
-** retried. If it returns zero, then the SQLITE_BUSY error is
-** returned to the caller of the pager API function.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetBusyhandler(
-  Pager *pPager,                       /* Pager object */
-  int (*xBusyHandler)(void *),         /* Pointer to busy-handler function */
-  void *pBusyHandlerArg                /* Argument to pass to xBusyHandler */
-){  
-  pPager->xBusyHandler = xBusyHandler;
-  pPager->pBusyHandlerArg = pBusyHandlerArg;
-}
-
-/*
-** Report the current page size and number of reserved bytes back
-** to the codec.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-static void pagerReportSize(Pager *pPager){
-  if( pPager->xCodecSizeChng ){
-    pPager->xCodecSizeChng(pPager->pCodec, pPager->pageSize,
-                           (int)pPager->nReserve);
-  }
-}
-#else
-# define pagerReportSize(X)     /* No-op if we do not support a codec */
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Change the page size used by the Pager object. The new page size 
-** is passed in *pPageSize.
-**
-** If the pager is in the error state when this function is called, it
-** is a no-op. The value returned is the error state error code (i.e. 
-** one of SQLITE_IOERR, SQLITE_CORRUPT or SQLITE_FULL).
-**
-** Otherwise, if all of the following are true:
-**
-**   * the new page size (value of *pPageSize) is valid (a power 
-**     of two between 512 and SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE, inclusive), and
-**
-**   * there are no outstanding page references, and
-**
-**   * the database is either not an in-memory database or it is
-**     an in-memory database that currently consists of zero pages.
-**
-** then the pager object page size is set to *pPageSize.
-**
-** If the page size is changed, then this function uses sqlite3PagerMalloc() 
-** to obtain a new Pager.pTmpSpace buffer. If this allocation attempt 
-** fails, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned and the page size remains unchanged. 
-** In all other cases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
-**
-** If the page size is not changed, either because one of the enumerated
-** conditions above is not true, the pager was in error state when this
-** function was called, or because the memory allocation attempt failed, 
-** then *pPageSize is set to the old, retained page size before returning.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager *pPager, u16 *pPageSize, int nReserve){
-  int rc = pPager->errCode;
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    u16 pageSize = *pPageSize;
-    assert( pageSize==0 || (pageSize>=512 && pageSize<=SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE) );
-    if( (pPager->memDb==0 || pPager->dbSize==0)
-     && sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 
-     && pageSize && pageSize!=pPager->pageSize 
-    ){
-      char *pNew = (char *)sqlite3PageMalloc(pageSize);
-      if( !pNew ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }else{
-        pager_reset(pPager);
-        pPager->pageSize = pageSize;
-        sqlite3PageFree(pPager->pTmpSpace);
-        pPager->pTmpSpace = pNew;
-        sqlite3PcacheSetPageSize(pPager->pPCache, pageSize);
-      }
-    }
-    *pPageSize = (u16)pPager->pageSize;
-    if( nReserve<0 ) nReserve = pPager->nReserve;
-    assert( nReserve>=0 && nReserve<1000 );
-    pPager->nReserve = (i16)nReserve;
-    pagerReportSize(pPager);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the "temporary page" buffer held internally
-** by the pager.  This is a buffer that is big enough to hold the
-** entire content of a database page.  This buffer is used internally
-** during rollback and will be overwritten whenever a rollback
-** occurs.  But other modules are free to use it too, as long as
-** no rollbacks are happening.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerTempSpace(Pager *pPager){
-  return pPager->pTmpSpace;
-}
-
-/*
-** Attempt to set the maximum database page count if mxPage is positive. 
-** Make no changes if mxPage is zero or negative.  And never reduce the
-** maximum page count below the current size of the database.
-**
-** Regardless of mxPage, return the current maximum page count.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMaxPageCount(Pager *pPager, int mxPage){
-  if( mxPage>0 ){
-    pPager->mxPgno = mxPage;
-  }
-  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, 0);
-  return pPager->mxPgno;
-}
-
-/*
-** The following set of routines are used to disable the simulated
-** I/O error mechanism.  These routines are used to avoid simulated
-** errors in places where we do not care about errors.
-**
-** Unless -DSQLITE_TEST=1 is used, these routines are all no-ops
-** and generate no code.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API extern int sqlite3_io_error_pending;
-SQLITE_API extern int sqlite3_io_error_hit;
-static int saved_cnt;
-void disable_simulated_io_errors(void){
-  saved_cnt = sqlite3_io_error_pending;
-  sqlite3_io_error_pending = -1;
-}
-void enable_simulated_io_errors(void){
-  sqlite3_io_error_pending = saved_cnt;
-}
-#else
-# define disable_simulated_io_errors()
-# define enable_simulated_io_errors()
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Read the first N bytes from the beginning of the file into memory
-** that pDest points to. 
-**
-** If the pager was opened on a transient file (zFilename==""), or
-** opened on a file less than N bytes in size, the output buffer is
-** zeroed and SQLITE_OK returned. The rationale for this is that this 
-** function is used to read database headers, and a new transient or
-** zero sized database has a header than consists entirely of zeroes.
-**
-** If any IO error apart from SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ is encountered,
-** the error code is returned to the caller and the contents of the
-** output buffer undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerReadFileheader(Pager *pPager, int N, unsigned char *pDest){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  memset(pDest, 0, N);
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || pPager->tempFile );
-  if( isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
-    IOTRACE(("DBHDR %p 0 %d\n", pPager, N))
-    rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, pDest, N, 0);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ){
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the total number of pages in the database file associated 
-** with pPager. Normally, this is calculated as (<db file size>/<page-size>).
-** However, if the file is between 1 and <page-size> bytes in size, then 
-** this is considered a 1 page file.
-**
-** If the pager is in error state when this function is called, then the
-** error state error code is returned and *pnPage left unchanged. Or,
-** if the file system has to be queried for the size of the file and
-** the query attempt returns an IO error, the IO error code is returned
-** and *pnPage is left unchanged.
-**
-** Otherwise, if everything is successful, then SQLITE_OK is returned
-** and *pnPage is set to the number of pages in the database.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager *pPager, int *pnPage){
-  Pgno nPage;               /* Value to return via *pnPage */
-
-  /* If the pager is already in the error state, return the error code. */
-  if( pPager->errCode ){
-    return pPager->errCode;
-  }
-
-  /* Determine the number of pages in the file. Store this in nPage. */
-  if( pPager->dbSizeValid ){
-    nPage = pPager->dbSize;
-  }else{
-    int rc;                 /* Error returned by OsFileSize() */
-    i64 n = 0;              /* File size in bytes returned by OsFileSize() */
-
-    assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || pPager->tempFile );
-    if( isOpen(pPager->fd) && (0 != (rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->fd, &n))) ){
-      pager_error(pPager, rc);
-      return rc;
-    }
-    if( n>0 && n<pPager->pageSize ){
-      nPage = 1;
-    }else{
-      nPage = (Pgno)(n / pPager->pageSize);
-    }
-    if( pPager->state!=PAGER_UNLOCK ){
-      pPager->dbSize = nPage;
-      pPager->dbFileSize = nPage;
-      pPager->dbSizeValid = 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If the current number of pages in the file is greater than the 
-  ** configured maximum pager number, increase the allowed limit so
-  ** that the file can be read.
-  */
-  if( nPage>pPager->mxPgno ){
-    pPager->mxPgno = (Pgno)nPage;
-  }
-
-  /* Set the output variable and return SQLITE_OK */
-  if( pnPage ){
-    *pnPage = nPage;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Try to obtain a lock of type locktype on the database file. If
-** a similar or greater lock is already held, this function is a no-op
-** (returning SQLITE_OK immediately).
-**
-** Otherwise, attempt to obtain the lock using sqlite3OsLock(). Invoke 
-** the busy callback if the lock is currently not available. Repeat 
-** until the busy callback returns false or until the attempt to 
-** obtain the lock succeeds.
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK on success and an error code if we cannot obtain
-** the lock. If the lock is obtained successfully, set the Pager.state 
-** variable to locktype before returning.
-*/
-static int pager_wait_on_lock(Pager *pPager, int locktype){
-  int rc;                              /* Return code */
-
-  /* The OS lock values must be the same as the Pager lock values */
-  assert( PAGER_SHARED==SHARED_LOCK );
-  assert( PAGER_RESERVED==RESERVED_LOCK );
-  assert( PAGER_EXCLUSIVE==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
-
-  /* If the file is currently unlocked then the size must be unknown. It
-  ** must not have been modified at this point.
-  */
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED || pPager->dbSizeValid==0 );
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED || pPager->dbModified==0 );
-
-  /* Check that this is either a no-op (because the requested lock is 
-  ** already held, or one of the transistions that the busy-handler
-  ** may be invoked during, according to the comment above
-  ** sqlite3PagerSetBusyhandler().
-  */
-  assert( (pPager->state>=locktype)
-       || (pPager->state==PAGER_UNLOCK && locktype==PAGER_SHARED)
-       || (pPager->state==PAGER_RESERVED && locktype==PAGER_EXCLUSIVE)
-  );
-
-  if( pPager->state>=locktype ){
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    do {
-      rc = sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, locktype);
-    }while( rc==SQLITE_BUSY && pPager->xBusyHandler(pPager->pBusyHandlerArg) );
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pPager->state = (u8)locktype;
-      IOTRACE(("LOCK %p %d\n", pPager, locktype))
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Function assertTruncateConstraint(pPager) checks that one of the 
-** following is true for all dirty pages currently in the page-cache:
-**
-**   a) The page number is less than or equal to the size of the 
-**      current database image, in pages, OR
-**
-**   b) if the page content were written at this time, it would not
-**      be necessary to write the current content out to the sub-journal
-**      (as determined by function subjRequiresPage()).
-**
-** If the condition asserted by this function were not true, and the
-** dirty page were to be discarded from the cache via the pagerStress()
-** routine, pagerStress() would not write the current page content to
-** the database file. If a savepoint transaction were rolled back after
-** this happened, the correct behaviour would be to restore the current
-** content of the page. However, since this content is not present in either
-** the database file or the portion of the rollback journal and 
-** sub-journal rolled back the content could not be restored and the
-** database image would become corrupt. It is therefore fortunate that 
-** this circumstance cannot arise.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-static void assertTruncateConstraintCb(PgHdr *pPg){
-  assert( pPg->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY );
-  assert( !subjRequiresPage(pPg) || pPg->pgno<=pPg->pPager->dbSize );
-}
-static void assertTruncateConstraint(Pager *pPager){
-  sqlite3PcacheIterateDirty(pPager->pPCache, assertTruncateConstraintCb);
-}
-#else
-# define assertTruncateConstraint(pPager)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Truncate the in-memory database file image to nPage pages. This 
-** function does not actually modify the database file on disk. It 
-** just sets the internal state of the pager object so that the 
-** truncation will be done when the current transaction is committed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(Pager *pPager, Pgno nPage){
-  assert( pPager->dbSizeValid );
-  assert( pPager->dbSize>=nPage );
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED );
-  pPager->dbSize = nPage;
-  assertTruncateConstraint(pPager);
-}
-
-/*
-** Shutdown the page cache.  Free all memory and close all files.
-**
-** If a transaction was in progress when this routine is called, that
-** transaction is rolled back.  All outstanding pages are invalidated
-** and their memory is freed.  Any attempt to use a page associated
-** with this page cache after this function returns will likely
-** result in a coredump.
-**
-** This function always succeeds. If a transaction is active an attempt
-** is made to roll it back. If an error occurs during the rollback 
-** a hot journal may be left in the filesystem but no error is returned
-** to the caller.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerClose(Pager *pPager){
-  disable_simulated_io_errors();
-  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-  pPager->errCode = 0;
-  pPager->exclusiveMode = 0;
-  pager_reset(pPager);
-  if( MEMDB ){
-    pager_unlock(pPager);
-  }else{
-    /* Set Pager.journalHdr to -1 for the benefit of the pager_playback() 
-    ** call which may be made from within pagerUnlockAndRollback(). If it
-    ** is not -1, then the unsynced portion of an open journal file may
-    ** be played back into the database. If a power failure occurs while
-    ** this is happening, the database may become corrupt.
-    */
-    pPager->journalHdr = -1;
-    pagerUnlockAndRollback(pPager);
-  }
-  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-  enable_simulated_io_errors();
-  PAGERTRACE(("CLOSE %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
-  IOTRACE(("CLOSE %p\n", pPager))
-  sqlite3OsClose(pPager->fd);
-  sqlite3PageFree(pPager->pTmpSpace);
-  sqlite3PcacheClose(pPager->pPCache);
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  if( pPager->xCodecFree ) pPager->xCodecFree(pPager->pCodec);
-#endif
-
-  assert( !pPager->aSavepoint && !pPager->pInJournal );
-  assert( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) && !isOpen(pPager->sjfd) );
-
-  sqlite3_free(pPager);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-/*
-** Return the page number for page pPg.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3PagerPagenumber(DbPage *pPg){
-  return pPg->pgno;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Increment the reference count for page pPg.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage *pPg){
-  sqlite3PcacheRef(pPg);
-}
-
-/*
-** Sync the journal. In other words, make sure all the pages that have
-** been written to the journal have actually reached the surface of the
-** disk and can be restored in the event of a hot-journal rollback.
-**
-** If the Pager.needSync flag is not set, then this function is a
-** no-op. Otherwise, the actions required depend on the journal-mode
-** and the device characteristics of the the file-system, as follows:
-**
-**   * If the journal file is an in-memory journal file, no action need
-**     be taken.
-**
-**   * Otherwise, if the device does not support the SAFE_APPEND property,
-**     then the nRec field of the most recently written journal header
-**     is updated to contain the number of journal records that have
-**     been written following it. If the pager is operating in full-sync
-**     mode, then the journal file is synced before this field is updated.
-**
-**   * If the device does not support the SEQUENTIAL property, then 
-**     journal file is synced.
-**
-** Or, in pseudo-code:
-**
-**   if( NOT <in-memory journal> ){
-**     if( NOT SAFE_APPEND ){
-**       if( <full-sync mode> ) xSync(<journal file>);
-**       <update nRec field>
-**     } 
-**     if( NOT SEQUENTIAL ) xSync(<journal file>);
-**   }
-**
-** The Pager.needSync flag is never be set for temporary files, or any
-** file operating in no-sync mode (Pager.noSync set to non-zero).
-**
-** If successful, this routine clears the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag of every 
-** page currently held in memory before returning SQLITE_OK. If an IO
-** error is encountered, then the IO error code is returned to the caller.
-*/
-static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager){
-  if( pPager->needSync ){
-    assert( !pPager->tempFile );
-    if( pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY ){
-      int rc;                              /* Return code */
-      const int iDc = sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd);
-      assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
-
-      if( 0==(iDc&SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND) ){
-        /* This block deals with an obscure problem. If the last connection
-        ** that wrote to this database was operating in persistent-journal
-        ** mode, then the journal file may at this point actually be larger
-        ** than Pager.journalOff bytes. If the next thing in the journal
-        ** file happens to be a journal-header (written as part of the
-        ** previous connections transaction), and a crash or power-failure 
-        ** occurs after nRec is updated but before this connection writes 
-        ** anything else to the journal file (or commits/rolls back its 
-        ** transaction), then SQLite may become confused when doing the 
-        ** hot-journal rollback following recovery. It may roll back all
-        ** of this connections data, then proceed to rolling back the old,
-        ** out-of-date data that follows it. Database corruption.
-        **
-        ** To work around this, if the journal file does appear to contain
-        ** a valid header following Pager.journalOff, then write a 0x00
-        ** byte to the start of it to prevent it from being recognized.
-        **
-        ** Variable iNextHdrOffset is set to the offset at which this
-        ** problematic header will occur, if it exists. aMagic is used 
-        ** as a temporary buffer to inspect the first couple of bytes of
-        ** the potential journal header.
-        */
-        i64 iNextHdrOffset;
-        u8 aMagic[8];
-       u8 zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)+4];
-
-       memcpy(zHeader, aJournalMagic, sizeof(aJournalMagic));
-       put32bits(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)], pPager->nRec);
-
-        iNextHdrOffset = journalHdrOffset(pPager);
-        rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->jfd, aMagic, 8, iNextHdrOffset);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && 0==memcmp(aMagic, aJournalMagic, 8) ){
-          static const u8 zerobyte = 0;
-          rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, &zerobyte, 1, iNextHdrOffset);
-        }
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ){
-          return rc;
-        }
-
-        /* Write the nRec value into the journal file header. If in
-        ** full-synchronous mode, sync the journal first. This ensures that
-        ** all data has really hit the disk before nRec is updated to mark
-        ** it as a candidate for rollback.
-        **
-        ** This is not required if the persistent media supports the
-        ** SAFE_APPEND property. Because in this case it is not possible 
-        ** for garbage data to be appended to the file, the nRec field
-        ** is populated with 0xFFFFFFFF when the journal header is written
-        ** and never needs to be updated.
-        */
-        if( pPager->fullSync && 0==(iDc&SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL) ){
-          PAGERTRACE(("SYNC journal of %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
-          IOTRACE(("JSYNC %p\n", pPager))
-          rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->jfd, pPager->sync_flags);
-          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-        }
-        IOTRACE(("JHDR %p %lld\n", pPager, pPager->journalHdr));
-        rc = sqlite3OsWrite(
-            pPager->jfd, zHeader, sizeof(zHeader), pPager->journalHdr
-       );
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-      }
-      if( 0==(iDc&SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL) ){
-        PAGERTRACE(("SYNC journal of %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
-        IOTRACE(("JSYNC %p\n", pPager))
-        rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->jfd, pPager->sync_flags| 
-          (pPager->sync_flags==SQLITE_SYNC_FULL?SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY:0)
-        );
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* The journal file was just successfully synced. Set Pager.needSync 
-    ** to zero and clear the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag on all pagess.
-    */
-    pPager->needSync = 0;
-    pPager->journalStarted = 1;
-    sqlite3PcacheClearSyncFlags(pPager->pPCache);
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** The argument is the first in a linked list of dirty pages connected
-** by the PgHdr.pDirty pointer. This function writes each one of the
-** in-memory pages in the list to the database file. The argument may
-** be NULL, representing an empty list. In this case this function is
-** a no-op.
-**
-** The pager must hold at least a RESERVED lock when this function
-** is called. Before writing anything to the database file, this lock
-** is upgraded to an EXCLUSIVE lock. If the lock cannot be obtained,
-** SQLITE_BUSY is returned and no data is written to the database file.
-** 
-** If the pager is a temp-file pager and the actual file-system file
-** is not yet open, it is created and opened before any data is 
-** written out.
-**
-** Once the lock has been upgraded and, if necessary, the file opened,
-** the pages are written out to the database file in list order. Writing
-** a page is skipped if it meets either of the following criteria:
-**
-**   * The page number is greater than Pager.dbSize, or
-**   * The PGHDR_DONT_WRITE flag is set on the page.
-**
-** If writing out a page causes the database file to grow, Pager.dbFileSize
-** is updated accordingly. If page 1 is written out, then the value cached
-** in Pager.dbFileVers[] is updated to match the new value stored in
-** the database file.
-**
-** If everything is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an IO error 
-** occurs, an IO error code is returned. Or, if the EXCLUSIVE lock cannot
-** be obtained, SQLITE_BUSY is returned.
-*/
-static int pager_write_pagelist(PgHdr *pList){
-  Pager *pPager;                       /* Pager object */
-  int rc;                              /* Return code */
-
-  if( NEVER(pList==0) ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  pPager = pList->pPager;
-
-  /* At this point there may be either a RESERVED or EXCLUSIVE lock on the
-  ** database file. If there is already an EXCLUSIVE lock, the following
-  ** call is a no-op.
-  **
-  ** Moving the lock from RESERVED to EXCLUSIVE actually involves going
-  ** through an intermediate state PENDING.   A PENDING lock prevents new
-  ** readers from attaching to the database but is unsufficient for us to
-  ** write.  The idea of a PENDING lock is to prevent new readers from
-  ** coming in while we wait for existing readers to clear.
-  **
-  ** While the pager is in the RESERVED state, the original database file
-  ** is unchanged and we can rollback without having to playback the
-  ** journal into the original database file.  Once we transition to
-  ** EXCLUSIVE, it means the database file has been changed and any rollback
-  ** will require a journal playback.
-  */
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED );
-  rc = pager_wait_on_lock(pPager, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
-
-  /* If the file is a temp-file has not yet been opened, open it now. It
-  ** is not possible for rc to be other than SQLITE_OK if this branch
-  ** is taken, as pager_wait_on_lock() is a no-op for temp-files.
-  */
-  if( !isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
-    assert( pPager->tempFile && rc==SQLITE_OK );
-    rc = pagerOpentemp(pPager, pPager->fd, pPager->vfsFlags);
-  }
-
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && pList ){
-    Pgno pgno = pList->pgno;
-
-    /* If there are dirty pages in the page cache with page numbers greater
-    ** than Pager.dbSize, this means sqlite3PagerTruncateImage() was called to
-    ** make the file smaller (presumably by auto-vacuum code). Do not write
-    ** any such pages to the file.
-    **
-    ** Also, do not write out any page that has the PGHDR_DONT_WRITE flag
-    ** set (set by sqlite3PagerDontWrite()).
-    */
-    if( pgno<=pPager->dbSize && 0==(pList->flags&PGHDR_DONT_WRITE) ){
-      i64 offset = (pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize;   /* Offset to write */
-      char *pData;                                   /* Data to write */    
-
-      /* Encode the database */
-      CODEC2(pPager, pList->pData, pgno, 6, return SQLITE_NOMEM, pData);
-
-      /* Write out the page data. */
-      rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->fd, pData, pPager->pageSize, offset);
-
-      /* If page 1 was just written, update Pager.dbFileVers to match
-      ** the value now stored in the database file. If writing this 
-      ** page caused the database file to grow, update dbFileSize. 
-      */
-      if( pgno==1 ){
-        memcpy(&pPager->dbFileVers, &pData[24], sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers));
-      }
-      if( pgno>pPager->dbFileSize ){
-        pPager->dbFileSize = pgno;
-      }
-
-      /* Update any backup objects copying the contents of this pager. */
-      sqlite3BackupUpdate(pPager->pBackup, pgno, (u8*)pList->pData);
-
-      PAGERTRACE(("STORE %d page %d hash(%08x)\n",
-                   PAGERID(pPager), pgno, pager_pagehash(pList)));
-      IOTRACE(("PGOUT %p %d\n", pPager, pgno));
-      PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_writedb_count);
-      PAGER_INCR(pPager->nWrite);
-    }else{
-      PAGERTRACE(("NOSTORE %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pgno));
-    }
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-    pList->pageHash = pager_pagehash(pList);
-#endif
-    pList = pList->pDirty;
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Append a record of the current state of page pPg to the sub-journal. 
-** It is the callers responsibility to use subjRequiresPage() to check 
-** that it is really required before calling this function.
-**
-** If successful, set the bit corresponding to pPg->pgno in the bitvecs
-** for all open savepoints before returning.
-**
-** This function returns SQLITE_OK if everything is successful, an IO
-** error code if the attempt to write to the sub-journal fails, or 
-** SQLITE_NOMEM if a malloc fails while setting a bit in a savepoint
-** bitvec.
-*/
-static int subjournalPage(PgHdr *pPg){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
-  if( isOpen(pPager->sjfd) ){
-    void *pData = pPg->pData;
-    i64 offset = pPager->nSubRec*(4+pPager->pageSize);
-    char *pData2;
-
-    CODEC2(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 7, return SQLITE_NOMEM, pData2);
-    PAGERTRACE(("STMT-JOURNAL %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno));
-  
-    assert( pageInJournal(pPg) || pPg->pgno>pPager->dbOrigSize );
-    rc = write32bits(pPager->sjfd, offset, pPg->pgno);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->sjfd, pData2, pPager->pageSize, offset+4);
-    }
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pPager->nSubRec++;
-    assert( pPager->nSavepoint>0 );
-    rc = addToSavepointBitvecs(pPager, pPg->pgno);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This function is called by the pcache layer when it has reached some
-** soft memory limit. The first argument is a pointer to a Pager object
-** (cast as a void*). The pager is always 'purgeable' (not an in-memory
-** database). The second argument is a reference to a page that is 
-** currently dirty but has no outstanding references. The page
-** is always associated with the Pager object passed as the first 
-** argument.
-**
-** The job of this function is to make pPg clean by writing its contents
-** out to the database file, if possible. This may involve syncing the
-** journal file. 
-**
-** If successful, sqlite3PcacheMakeClean() is called on the page and
-** SQLITE_OK returned. If an IO error occurs while trying to make the
-** page clean, the IO error code is returned. If the page cannot be
-** made clean for some other reason, but no error occurs, then SQLITE_OK
-** is returned by sqlite3PcacheMakeClean() is not called.
-*/
-static int pagerStress(void *p, PgHdr *pPg){
-  Pager *pPager = (Pager *)p;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  assert( pPg->pPager==pPager );
-  assert( pPg->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY );
-
-  /* The doNotSync flag is set by the sqlite3PagerWrite() function while it
-  ** is journalling a set of two or more database pages that are stored
-  ** on the same disk sector. Syncing the journal is not allowed while
-  ** this is happening as it is important that all members of such a
-  ** set of pages are synced to disk together. So, if the page this function
-  ** is trying to make clean will require a journal sync and the doNotSync
-  ** flag is set, return without doing anything. The pcache layer will
-  ** just have to go ahead and allocate a new page buffer instead of
-  ** reusing pPg.
-  **
-  ** Similarly, if the pager has already entered the error state, do not
-  ** try to write the contents of pPg to disk.
-  */
-  if( NEVER(pPager->errCode)
-   || (pPager->doNotSync && pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)
-  ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  /* Sync the journal file if required. */
-  if( pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC ){
-    rc = syncJournal(pPager);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->fullSync && 
-      !(pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY) &&
-      !(sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd)&SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND)
-    ){
-      pPager->nRec = 0;
-      rc = writeJournalHdr(pPager);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If the page number of this page is larger than the current size of
-  ** the database image, it may need to be written to the sub-journal.
-  ** This is because the call to pager_write_pagelist() below will not
-  ** actually write data to the file in this case.
-  **
-  ** Consider the following sequence of events:
-  **
-  **   BEGIN;
-  **     <journal page X>
-  **     <modify page X>
-  **     SAVEPOINT sp;
-  **       <shrink database file to Y pages>
-  **       pagerStress(page X)
-  **     ROLLBACK TO sp;
-  **
-  ** If (X>Y), then when pagerStress is called page X will not be written
-  ** out to the database file, but will be dropped from the cache. Then,
-  ** following the "ROLLBACK TO sp" statement, reading page X will read
-  ** data from the database file. This will be the copy of page X as it
-  ** was when the transaction started, not as it was when "SAVEPOINT sp"
-  ** was executed.
-  **
-  ** The solution is to write the current data for page X into the 
-  ** sub-journal file now (if it is not already there), so that it will
-  ** be restored to its current value when the "ROLLBACK TO sp" is 
-  ** executed.
-  */
-  if( NEVER(
-      rc==SQLITE_OK && pPg->pgno>pPager->dbSize && subjRequiresPage(pPg)
-  ) ){
-    rc = subjournalPage(pPg);
-  }
-
-  /* Write the contents of the page out to the database file. */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pPg->pDirty = 0;
-    rc = pager_write_pagelist(pPg);
-  }
-
-  /* Mark the page as clean. */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    PAGERTRACE(("STRESS %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno));
-    sqlite3PcacheMakeClean(pPg);
-  }
-
-  return pager_error(pPager, rc);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Allocate and initialize a new Pager object and put a pointer to it
-** in *ppPager. The pager should eventually be freed by passing it
-** to sqlite3PagerClose().
-**
-** The zFilename argument is the path to the database file to open.
-** If zFilename is NULL then a randomly-named temporary file is created
-** and used as the file to be cached. Temporary files are be deleted
-** automatically when they are closed. If zFilename is ":memory:" then 
-** all information is held in cache. It is never written to disk. 
-** This can be used to implement an in-memory database.
-**
-** The nExtra parameter specifies the number of bytes of space allocated
-** along with each page reference. This space is available to the user
-** via the sqlite3PagerGetExtra() API.
-**
-** The flags argument is used to specify properties that affect the
-** operation of the pager. It should be passed some bitwise combination
-** of the PAGER_OMIT_JOURNAL and PAGER_NO_READLOCK flags.
-**
-** The vfsFlags parameter is a bitmask to pass to the flags parameter
-** of the xOpen() method of the supplied VFS when opening files. 
-**
-** If the pager object is allocated and the specified file opened 
-** successfully, SQLITE_OK is returned and *ppPager set to point to
-** the new pager object. If an error occurs, *ppPager is set to NULL
-** and error code returned. This function may return SQLITE_NOMEM
-** (sqlite3Malloc() is used to allocate memory), SQLITE_CANTOPEN or 
-** various SQLITE_IO_XXX errors.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,       /* The virtual file system to use */
-  Pager **ppPager,         /* OUT: Return the Pager structure here */
-  const char *zFilename,   /* Name of the database file to open */
-  int nExtra,              /* Extra bytes append to each in-memory page */
-  int flags,               /* flags controlling this file */
-  int vfsFlags,            /* flags passed through to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
-  void (*xReinit)(DbPage*) /* Function to reinitialize pages */
-){
-  u8 *pPtr;
-  Pager *pPager = 0;       /* Pager object to allocate and return */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;      /* Return code */
-  int tempFile = 0;        /* True for temp files (incl. in-memory files) */
-  int memDb = 0;           /* True if this is an in-memory file */
-  int readOnly = 0;        /* True if this is a read-only file */
-  int journalFileSize;     /* Bytes to allocate for each journal fd */
-  char *zPathname = 0;     /* Full path to database file */
-  int nPathname = 0;       /* Number of bytes in zPathname */
-  int useJournal = (flags & PAGER_OMIT_JOURNAL)==0; /* False to omit journal */
-  int noReadlock = (flags & PAGER_NO_READLOCK)!=0;  /* True to omit read-lock */
-  int pcacheSize = sqlite3PcacheSize();       /* Bytes to allocate for PCache */
-  u16 szPageDflt = SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;  /* Default page size */
-
-  /* Figure out how much space is required for each journal file-handle
-  ** (there are two of them, the main journal and the sub-journal). This
-  ** is the maximum space required for an in-memory journal file handle 
-  ** and a regular journal file-handle. Note that a "regular journal-handle"
-  ** may be a wrapper capable of caching the first portion of the journal
-  ** file in memory to implement the atomic-write optimization (see 
-  ** source file journal.c).
-  */
-  if( sqlite3JournalSize(pVfs)>sqlite3MemJournalSize() ){
-    journalFileSize = ROUND8(sqlite3JournalSize(pVfs));
-  }else{
-    journalFileSize = ROUND8(sqlite3MemJournalSize());
-  }
-
-  /* Set the output variable to NULL in case an error occurs. */
-  *ppPager = 0;
-
-  /* Compute and store the full pathname in an allocated buffer pointed
-  ** to by zPathname, length nPathname. Or, if this is a temporary file,
-  ** leave both nPathname and zPathname set to 0.
-  */
-  if( zFilename && zFilename[0] ){
-    nPathname = pVfs->mxPathname+1;
-    zPathname = sqlite3Malloc(nPathname*2);
-    if( zPathname==0 ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
-    if( strcmp(zFilename,":memory:")==0 ){
-      memDb = 1;
-      zPathname[0] = 0;
-    }else
-#endif
-    {
-      zPathname[0] = 0; /* Make sure initialized even if FullPathname() fails */
-      rc = sqlite3OsFullPathname(pVfs, zFilename, nPathname, zPathname);
-    }
-
-    nPathname = sqlite3Strlen30(zPathname);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nPathname+8>pVfs->mxPathname ){
-      /* This branch is taken when the journal path required by
-      ** the database being opened will be more than pVfs->mxPathname
-      ** bytes in length. This means the database cannot be opened,
-      ** as it will not be possible to open the journal file or even
-      ** check for a hot-journal before reading.
-      */
-      rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
-    }
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3_free(zPathname);
-      return rc;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Allocate memory for the Pager structure, PCache object, the
-  ** three file descriptors, the database file name and the journal 
-  ** file name. The layout in memory is as follows:
-  **
-  **     Pager object                    (sizeof(Pager) bytes)
-  **     PCache object                   (sqlite3PcacheSize() bytes)
-  **     Database file handle            (pVfs->szOsFile bytes)
-  **     Sub-journal file handle         (journalFileSize bytes)
-  **     Main journal file handle        (journalFileSize bytes)
-  **     Database file name              (nPathname+1 bytes)
-  **     Journal file name               (nPathname+8+1 bytes)
-  */
-  pPtr = (u8 *)sqlite3MallocZero(
-    ROUND8(sizeof(*pPager)) +      /* Pager structure */
-    ROUND8(pcacheSize) +           /* PCache object */
-    ROUND8(pVfs->szOsFile) +       /* The main db file */
-    journalFileSize * 2 +          /* The two journal files */ 
-    nPathname + 1 +                /* zFilename */
-    nPathname + 8 + 1              /* zJournal */
-  );
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(journalFileSize)) );
-  if( !pPtr ){
-    sqlite3_free(zPathname);
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  pPager =              (Pager*)(pPtr);
-  pPager->pPCache =    (PCache*)(pPtr += ROUND8(sizeof(*pPager)));
-  pPager->fd =   (sqlite3_file*)(pPtr += ROUND8(pcacheSize));
-  pPager->sjfd = (sqlite3_file*)(pPtr += ROUND8(pVfs->szOsFile));
-  pPager->jfd =  (sqlite3_file*)(pPtr += journalFileSize);
-  pPager->zFilename =    (char*)(pPtr += journalFileSize);
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pPager->jfd) );
-
-  /* Fill in the Pager.zFilename and Pager.zJournal buffers, if required. */
-  if( zPathname ){
-    pPager->zJournal =   (char*)(pPtr += nPathname + 1);
-    memcpy(pPager->zFilename, zPathname, nPathname);
-    memcpy(pPager->zJournal, zPathname, nPathname);
-    memcpy(&pPager->zJournal[nPathname], "-journal", 8);
-    if( pPager->zFilename[0]==0 ) pPager->zJournal[0] = 0;
-    sqlite3_free(zPathname);
-  }
-  pPager->pVfs = pVfs;
-  pPager->vfsFlags = vfsFlags;
-
-  /* Open the pager file.
-  */
-  if( zFilename && zFilename[0] && !memDb ){
-    int fout = 0;                    /* VFS flags returned by xOpen() */
-    rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, pPager->zFilename, pPager->fd, vfsFlags, &fout);
-    readOnly = (fout&SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY);
-
-    /* If the file was successfully opened for read/write access,
-    ** choose a default page size in case we have to create the
-    ** database file. The default page size is the maximum of:
-    **
-    **    + SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE,
-    **    + The value returned by sqlite3OsSectorSize()
-    **    + The largest page size that can be written atomically.
-    */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !readOnly ){
-      setSectorSize(pPager);
-      assert(SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE<=SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE);
-      if( szPageDflt<pPager->sectorSize ){
-        if( pPager->sectorSize>SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE ){
-          szPageDflt = SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;
-        }else{
-          szPageDflt = (u16)pPager->sectorSize;
-        }
-      }
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
-      {
-        int iDc = sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd);
-        int ii;
-        assert(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512==(512>>8));
-        assert(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K==(65536>>8));
-        assert(SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE<=65536);
-        for(ii=szPageDflt; ii<=SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE; ii=ii*2){
-          if( iDc&(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC|(ii>>8)) ){
-            szPageDflt = ii;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-#endif
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* If a temporary file is requested, it is not opened immediately.
-    ** In this case we accept the default page size and delay actually
-    ** opening the file until the first call to OsWrite().
-    **
-    ** This branch is also run for an in-memory database. An in-memory
-    ** database is the same as a temp-file that is never written out to
-    ** disk and uses an in-memory rollback journal.
-    */ 
-    tempFile = 1;
-    pPager->state = PAGER_EXCLUSIVE;
-    readOnly = (vfsFlags&SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY);
-  }
-
-  /* The following call to PagerSetPagesize() serves to set the value of 
-  ** Pager.pageSize and to allocate the Pager.pTmpSpace buffer.
-  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    assert( pPager->memDb==0 );
-    rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pPager, &szPageDflt, -1);
-    testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-  }
-
-  /* If an error occurred in either of the blocks above, free the 
-  ** Pager structure and close the file.
-  */
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    assert( !pPager->pTmpSpace );
-    sqlite3OsClose(pPager->fd);
-    sqlite3_free(pPager);
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* Initialize the PCache object. */
-  assert( nExtra<1000 );
-  nExtra = ROUND8(nExtra);
-  sqlite3PcacheOpen(szPageDflt, nExtra, !memDb,
-                    !memDb?pagerStress:0, (void *)pPager, pPager->pPCache);
-
-  PAGERTRACE(("OPEN %d %s\n", FILEHANDLEID(pPager->fd), pPager->zFilename));
-  IOTRACE(("OPEN %p %s\n", pPager, pPager->zFilename))
-
-  pPager->useJournal = (u8)useJournal;
-  pPager->noReadlock = (noReadlock && readOnly) ?1:0;
-  /* pPager->stmtOpen = 0; */
-  /* pPager->stmtInUse = 0; */
-  /* pPager->nRef = 0; */
-  pPager->dbSizeValid = (u8)memDb;
-  /* pPager->stmtSize = 0; */
-  /* pPager->stmtJSize = 0; */
-  /* pPager->nPage = 0; */
-  pPager->mxPgno = SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT;
-  /* pPager->state = PAGER_UNLOCK; */
-  assert( pPager->state == (tempFile ? PAGER_EXCLUSIVE : PAGER_UNLOCK) );
-  /* pPager->errMask = 0; */
-  pPager->tempFile = (u8)tempFile;
-  assert( tempFile==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL 
-          || tempFile==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE );
-  assert( PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE==1 );
-  pPager->exclusiveMode = (u8)tempFile; 
-  pPager->changeCountDone = pPager->tempFile;
-  pPager->memDb = (u8)memDb;
-  pPager->readOnly = (u8)readOnly;
-  /* pPager->needSync = 0; */
-  assert( useJournal || pPager->tempFile );
-  pPager->noSync = pPager->tempFile;
-  pPager->fullSync = pPager->noSync ?0:1;
-  pPager->sync_flags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
-  /* pPager->pFirst = 0; */
-  /* pPager->pFirstSynced = 0; */
-  /* pPager->pLast = 0; */
-  pPager->nExtra = (u16)nExtra;
-  pPager->journalSizeLimit = SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT;
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || tempFile );
-  setSectorSize(pPager);
-  if( !useJournal ){
-    pPager->journalMode = PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF;
-  }else if( memDb ){
-    pPager->journalMode = PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY;
-  }
-  /* pPager->xBusyHandler = 0; */
-  /* pPager->pBusyHandlerArg = 0; */
-  pPager->xReiniter = xReinit;
-  /* memset(pPager->aHash, 0, sizeof(pPager->aHash)); */
-
-  *ppPager = pPager;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-
-/*
-** This function is called after transitioning from PAGER_UNLOCK to
-** PAGER_SHARED state. It tests if there is a hot journal present in
-** the file-system for the given pager. A hot journal is one that 
-** needs to be played back. According to this function, a hot-journal
-** file exists if the following criteria are met:
-**
-**   * The journal file exists in the file system, and
-**   * No process holds a RESERVED or greater lock on the database file, and
-**   * The database file itself is greater than 0 bytes in size, and
-**   * The first byte of the journal file exists and is not 0x00.
-**
-** If the current size of the database file is 0 but a journal file
-** exists, that is probably an old journal left over from a prior
-** database with the same name. In this case the journal file is
-** just deleted using OsDelete, *pExists is set to 0 and SQLITE_OK
-** is returned.
-**
-** This routine does not check if there is a master journal filename
-** at the end of the file. If there is, and that master journal file
-** does not exist, then the journal file is not really hot. In this
-** case this routine will return a false-positive. The pager_playback()
-** routine will discover that the journal file is not really hot and 
-** will not roll it back. 
-**
-** If a hot-journal file is found to exist, *pExists is set to 1 and 
-** SQLITE_OK returned. If no hot-journal file is present, *pExists is
-** set to 0 and SQLITE_OK returned. If an IO error occurs while trying
-** to determine whether or not a hot-journal file exists, the IO error
-** code is returned and the value of *pExists is undefined.
-*/
-static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager, int *pExists){
-  sqlite3_vfs * const pVfs = pPager->pVfs;
-  int rc;                       /* Return code */
-  int exists;                   /* True if a journal file is present */
-
-  assert( pPager!=0 );
-  assert( pPager->useJournal );
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) );
-  assert( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
-  assert( pPager->state <= PAGER_SHARED );
-
-  *pExists = 0;
-  rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &exists);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && exists ){
-    int locked;                 /* True if some process holds a RESERVED lock */
-
-    /* Race condition here:  Another process might have been holding the
-    ** the RESERVED lock and have a journal open at the sqlite3OsAccess() 
-    ** call above, but then delete the journal and drop the lock before
-    ** we get to the following sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock() call.  If that
-    ** is the case, this routine might think there is a hot journal when
-    ** in fact there is none.  This results in a false-positive which will
-    ** be dealt with by the playback routine.  Ticket #3883.
-    */
-    rc = sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(pPager->fd, &locked);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !locked ){
-      int nPage;
-
-      /* Check the size of the database file. If it consists of 0 pages,
-      ** then delete the journal file. See the header comment above for 
-      ** the reasoning here.  Delete the obsolete journal file under
-      ** a RESERVED lock to avoid race conditions and to avoid violating
-      ** [H33020].
-      */
-      rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        if( nPage==0 ){
-          sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-          if( sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, RESERVED_LOCK)==SQLITE_OK ){
-            sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, 0);
-            sqlite3OsUnlock(pPager->fd, SHARED_LOCK);
-          }
-          sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-        }else{
-          /* The journal file exists and no other connection has a reserved
-          ** or greater lock on the database file. Now check that there is
-          ** at least one non-zero bytes at the start of the journal file.
-          ** If there is, then we consider this journal to be hot. If not, 
-          ** it can be ignored.
-          */
-          int f = SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL;
-          rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, f, &f);
-          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-            u8 first = 0;
-            rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->jfd, (void *)&first, 1, 0);
-            if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ){
-              rc = SQLITE_OK;
-            }
-            sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
-            *pExists = (first!=0);
-          }else if( rc==SQLITE_CANTOPEN ){
-            /* If we cannot open the rollback journal file in order to see if
-            ** its has a zero header, that might be due to an I/O error, or
-            ** it might be due to the race condition described above and in
-            ** ticket #3883.  Either way, assume that the journal is hot.
-            ** This might be a false positive.  But if it is, then the
-            ** automatic journal playback and recovery mechanism will deal
-            ** with it under an EXCLUSIVE lock where we do not need to
-            ** worry so much with race conditions.
-            */
-            *pExists = 1;
-            rc = SQLITE_OK;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Read the content for page pPg out of the database file and into 
-** pPg->pData. A shared lock or greater must be held on the database
-** file before this function is called.
-**
-** If page 1 is read, then the value of Pager.dbFileVers[] is set to
-** the value read from the database file.
-**
-** If an IO error occurs, then the IO error is returned to the caller.
-** Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is returned.
-*/
-static int readDbPage(PgHdr *pPg){
-  Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager; /* Pager object associated with page pPg */
-  Pgno pgno = pPg->pgno;       /* Page number to read */
-  int rc;                      /* Return code */
-  i64 iOffset;                 /* Byte offset of file to read from */
-
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED && !MEMDB );
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) );
-
-  if( NEVER(!isOpen(pPager->fd)) ){
-    assert( pPager->tempFile );
-    memset(pPg->pData, 0, pPager->pageSize);
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  iOffset = (pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize;
-  rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, pPg->pData, pPager->pageSize, iOffset);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ){
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  if( pgno==1 ){
-    if( rc ){
-      /* If the read is unsuccessful, set the dbFileVers[] to something
-      ** that will never be a valid file version.  dbFileVers[] is a copy
-      ** of bytes 24..39 of the database.  Bytes 28..31 should always be
-      ** zero.  Bytes 32..35 and 35..39 should be page numbers which are
-      ** never 0xffffffff.  So filling pPager->dbFileVers[] with all 0xff
-      ** bytes should suffice.
-      **
-      ** For an encrypted database, the situation is more complex:  bytes
-      ** 24..39 of the database are white noise.  But the probability of
-      ** white noising equaling 16 bytes of 0xff is vanishingly small so
-      ** we should still be ok.
-      */
-      memset(pPager->dbFileVers, 0xff, sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers));
-    }else{
-      u8 *dbFileVers = &((u8*)pPg->pData)[24];
-      memcpy(&pPager->dbFileVers, dbFileVers, sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers));
-    }
-  }
-  CODEC1(pPager, pPg->pData, pgno, 3, rc = SQLITE_NOMEM);
-
-  PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_readdb_count);
-  PAGER_INCR(pPager->nRead);
-  IOTRACE(("PGIN %p %d\n", pPager, pgno));
-  PAGERTRACE(("FETCH %d page %d hash(%08x)\n",
-               PAGERID(pPager), pgno, pager_pagehash(pPg)));
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called to obtain a shared lock on the database file.
-** It is illegal to call sqlite3PagerAcquire() until after this function
-** has been successfully called. If a shared-lock is already held when
-** this function is called, it is a no-op.
-**
-** The following operations are also performed by this function.
-**
-**   1) If the pager is currently in PAGER_UNLOCK state (no lock held
-**      on the database file), then an attempt is made to obtain a
-**      SHARED lock on the database file. Immediately after obtaining
-**      the SHARED lock, the file-system is checked for a hot-journal,
-**      which is played back if present. Following any hot-journal 
-**      rollback, the contents of the cache are validated by checking
-**      the 'change-counter' field of the database file header and
-**      discarded if they are found to be invalid.
-**
-**   2) If the pager is running in exclusive-mode, and there are currently
-**      no outstanding references to any pages, and is in the error state,
-**      then an attempt is made to clear the error state by discarding
-**      the contents of the page cache and rolling back any open journal
-**      file.
-**
-** If the operation described by (2) above is not attempted, and if the
-** pager is in an error state other than SQLITE_FULL when this is called,
-** the error state error code is returned. It is permitted to read the
-** database when in SQLITE_FULL error state.
-**
-** Otherwise, if everything is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an
-** IO error occurs while locking the database, checking for a hot-journal
-** file or rolling back a journal file, the IO error code is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                /* Return code */
-  int isErrorReset = 0;              /* True if recovering from error state */
-
-  /* This routine is only called from b-tree and only when there are no
-  ** outstanding pages */
-  assert( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 );
-  if( NEVER(MEMDB && pPager->errCode) ){ return pPager->errCode; }
-
-  /* If this database is in an error-state, now is a chance to clear
-  ** the error. Discard the contents of the pager-cache and rollback
-  ** any hot journal in the file-system.
-  */
-  if( pPager->errCode ){
-    if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) || pPager->zJournal ){
-      isErrorReset = 1;
-    }
-    pPager->errCode = SQLITE_OK;
-    pager_reset(pPager);
-  }
-
-  if( pPager->state==PAGER_UNLOCK || isErrorReset ){
-    sqlite3_vfs * const pVfs = pPager->pVfs;
-    int isHotJournal = 0;
-    assert( !MEMDB );
-    assert( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 );
-    if( pPager->noReadlock ){
-      assert( pPager->readOnly );
-      pPager->state = PAGER_SHARED;
-    }else{
-      rc = pager_wait_on_lock(pPager, SHARED_LOCK);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        assert( pPager->state==PAGER_UNLOCK );
-        return pager_error(pPager, rc);
-      }
-    }
-    assert( pPager->state>=SHARED_LOCK );
-
-    /* If a journal file exists, and there is no RESERVED lock on the
-    ** database file, then it either needs to be played back or deleted.
-    */
-    if( !isErrorReset ){
-      assert( pPager->state <= PAGER_SHARED );
-      rc = hasHotJournal(pPager, &isHotJournal);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto failed;
-      }
-    }
-    if( isErrorReset || isHotJournal ){
-      /* Get an EXCLUSIVE lock on the database file. At this point it is
-      ** important that a RESERVED lock is not obtained on the way to the
-      ** EXCLUSIVE lock. If it were, another process might open the
-      ** database file, detect the RESERVED lock, and conclude that the
-      ** database is safe to read while this process is still rolling the 
-      ** hot-journal back.
-      ** 
-      ** Because the intermediate RESERVED lock is not requested, any
-      ** other process attempting to access the database file will get to 
-      ** this point in the code and fail to obtain its own EXCLUSIVE lock 
-      ** on the database file.
-      */
-      if( pPager->state<EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
-        rc = sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = pager_error(pPager, rc);
-          goto failed;
-        }
-        pPager->state = PAGER_EXCLUSIVE;
-      }
- 
-      /* Open the journal for read/write access. This is because in 
-      ** exclusive-access mode the file descriptor will be kept open and
-      ** possibly used for a transaction later on. On some systems, the
-      ** OsTruncate() call used in exclusive-access mode also requires
-      ** a read/write file handle.
-      */
-      if( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-        int res;
-        rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs,pPager->zJournal,SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS,&res);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          if( res ){
-            int fout = 0;
-            int f = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL;
-            assert( !pPager->tempFile );
-            rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, f, &fout);
-            assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
-            if( rc==SQLITE_OK && fout&SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY ){
-              rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
-              sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
-            }
-          }else{
-            /* If the journal does not exist, it usually means that some 
-            ** other connection managed to get in and roll it back before 
-            ** this connection obtained the exclusive lock above. Or, it 
-            ** may mean that the pager was in the error-state when this
-            ** function was called and the journal file does not exist.  */
-            rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, 0);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto failed;
-      }
-
-      /* TODO: Why are these cleared here? Is it necessary? */
-      pPager->journalStarted = 0;
-      pPager->journalOff = 0;
-      pPager->setMaster = 0;
-      pPager->journalHdr = 0;
- 
-      /* Playback and delete the journal.  Drop the database write
-      ** lock and reacquire the read lock. Purge the cache before
-      ** playing back the hot-journal so that we don't end up with
-      ** an inconsistent cache.
-      */
-      if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-        rc = pager_playback(pPager, 1);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = pager_error(pPager, rc);
-          goto failed;
-        }
-      }
-      assert( (pPager->state==PAGER_SHARED)
-           || (pPager->exclusiveMode && pPager->state>PAGER_SHARED)
-      );
-    }
-
-    if( pPager->pBackup || sqlite3PcachePagecount(pPager->pPCache)>0 ){
-      /* The shared-lock has just been acquired on the database file
-      ** and there are already pages in the cache (from a previous
-      ** read or write transaction).  Check to see if the database
-      ** has been modified.  If the database has changed, flush the
-      ** cache.
-      **
-      ** Database changes is detected by looking at 15 bytes beginning
-      ** at offset 24 into the file.  The first 4 of these 16 bytes are
-      ** a 32-bit counter that is incremented with each change.  The
-      ** other bytes change randomly with each file change when
-      ** a codec is in use.
-      ** 
-      ** There is a vanishingly small chance that a change will not be 
-      ** detected.  The chance of an undetected change is so small that
-      ** it can be neglected.
-      */
-      char dbFileVers[sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers)];
-      sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, 0);
-
-      if( pPager->errCode ){
-        rc = pPager->errCode;
-        goto failed;
-      }
-
-      assert( pPager->dbSizeValid );
-      if( pPager->dbSize>0 ){
-        IOTRACE(("CKVERS %p %d\n", pPager, sizeof(dbFileVers)));
-        rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, &dbFileVers, sizeof(dbFileVers), 24);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          goto failed;
-        }
-      }else{
-        memset(dbFileVers, 0, sizeof(dbFileVers));
-      }
-
-      if( memcmp(pPager->dbFileVers, dbFileVers, sizeof(dbFileVers))!=0 ){
-        pager_reset(pPager);
-      }
-    }
-    assert( pPager->exclusiveMode || pPager->state==PAGER_SHARED );
-  }
-
- failed:
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* pager_unlock() is a no-op for exclusive mode and in-memory databases. */
-    pager_unlock(pPager);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** If the reference count has reached zero, rollback any active
-** transaction and unlock the pager.
-**
-** Except, in locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE when there is nothing to in
-** the rollback journal, the unlock is not performed and there is
-** nothing to rollback, so this routine is a no-op.
-*/ 
-static void pagerUnlockIfUnused(Pager *pPager){
-  if( (sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0)
-   && (!pPager->exclusiveMode || pPager->journalOff>0) 
-  ){
-    pagerUnlockAndRollback(pPager);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Acquire a reference to page number pgno in pager pPager (a page
-** reference has type DbPage*). If the requested reference is 
-** successfully obtained, it is copied to *ppPage and SQLITE_OK returned.
-**
-** If the requested page is already in the cache, it is returned. 
-** Otherwise, a new page object is allocated and populated with data
-** read from the database file. In some cases, the pcache module may
-** choose not to allocate a new page object and may reuse an existing
-** object with no outstanding references.
-**
-** The extra data appended to a page is always initialized to zeros the 
-** first time a page is loaded into memory. If the page requested is 
-** already in the cache when this function is called, then the extra
-** data is left as it was when the page object was last used.
-**
-** If the database image is smaller than the requested page or if a 
-** non-zero value is passed as the noContent parameter and the 
-** requested page is not already stored in the cache, then no 
-** actual disk read occurs. In this case the memory image of the 
-** page is initialized to all zeros. 
-**
-** If noContent is true, it means that we do not care about the contents
-** of the page. This occurs in two seperate scenarios:
-**
-**   a) When reading a free-list leaf page from the database, and
-**
-**   b) When a savepoint is being rolled back and we need to load
-**      a new page into the cache to populate with the data read
-**      from the savepoint journal.
-**
-** If noContent is true, then the data returned is zeroed instead of
-** being read from the database. Additionally, the bits corresponding
-** to pgno in Pager.pInJournal (bitvec of pages already written to the
-** journal file) and the PagerSavepoint.pInSavepoint bitvecs of any open
-** savepoints are set. This means if the page is made writable at any
-** point in the future, using a call to sqlite3PagerWrite(), its contents
-** will not be journaled. This saves IO.
-**
-** The acquisition might fail for several reasons.  In all cases,
-** an appropriate error code is returned and *ppPage is set to NULL.
-**
-** See also sqlite3PagerLookup().  Both this routine and Lookup() attempt
-** to find a page in the in-memory cache first.  If the page is not already
-** in memory, this routine goes to disk to read it in whereas Lookup()
-** just returns 0.  This routine acquires a read-lock the first time it
-** has to go to disk, and could also playback an old journal if necessary.
-** Since Lookup() never goes to disk, it never has to deal with locks
-** or journal files.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerAcquire(
-  Pager *pPager,      /* The pager open on the database file */
-  Pgno pgno,          /* Page number to fetch */
-  DbPage **ppPage,    /* Write a pointer to the page here */
-  int noContent       /* Do not bother reading content from disk if true */
-){
-  int rc;
-  PgHdr *pPg;
-
-  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
-  assert( pPager->state>PAGER_UNLOCK );
-
-  if( pgno==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  }
-
-  /* If the pager is in the error state, return an error immediately. 
-  ** Otherwise, request the page from the PCache layer. */
-  if( pPager->errCode!=SQLITE_OK && pPager->errCode!=SQLITE_FULL ){
-    rc = pPager->errCode;
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3PcacheFetch(pPager->pPCache, pgno, 1, ppPage);
-  }
-
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* Either the call to sqlite3PcacheFetch() returned an error or the
-    ** pager was already in the error-state when this function was called.
-    ** Set pPg to 0 and jump to the exception handler.  */
-    pPg = 0;
-    goto pager_acquire_err;
-  }
-  assert( (*ppPage)->pgno==pgno );
-  assert( (*ppPage)->pPager==pPager || (*ppPage)->pPager==0 );
-
-  if( (*ppPage)->pPager ){
-    /* In this case the pcache already contains an initialized copy of
-    ** the page. Return without further ado.  */
-    assert( pgno<=PAGER_MAX_PGNO && pgno!=PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) );
-    PAGER_INCR(pPager->nHit);
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-
-  }else{
-    /* The pager cache has created a new page. Its content needs to 
-    ** be initialized.  */
-    int nMax;
-
-    PAGER_INCR(pPager->nMiss);
-    pPg = *ppPage;
-    pPg->pPager = pPager;
-
-    /* The maximum page number is 2^31. Return SQLITE_CORRUPT if a page
-    ** number greater than this, or the unused locking-page, is requested. */
-    if( pgno>PAGER_MAX_PGNO || pgno==PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) ){
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      goto pager_acquire_err;
-    }
-
-    rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nMax);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto pager_acquire_err;
-    }
-
-    if( MEMDB || nMax<(int)pgno || noContent || !isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
-      if( pgno>pPager->mxPgno ){
-       rc = SQLITE_FULL;
-       goto pager_acquire_err;
-      }
-      if( noContent ){
-        /* Failure to set the bits in the InJournal bit-vectors is benign.
-        ** It merely means that we might do some extra work to journal a 
-        ** page that does not need to be journaled.  Nevertheless, be sure 
-        ** to test the case where a malloc error occurs while trying to set 
-        ** a bit in a bit vector.
-        */
-        sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-        if( pgno<=pPager->dbOrigSize ){
-          TESTONLY( rc = ) sqlite3BitvecSet(pPager->pInJournal, pgno);
-          testcase( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
-        }
-        TESTONLY( rc = ) addToSavepointBitvecs(pPager, pgno);
-        testcase( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
-        sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-      }
-      memset(pPg->pData, 0, pPager->pageSize);
-      IOTRACE(("ZERO %p %d\n", pPager, pgno));
-    }else{
-      assert( pPg->pPager==pPager );
-      rc = readDbPage(pPg);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto pager_acquire_err;
-      }
-    }
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-    pPg->pageHash = pager_pagehash(pPg);
-#endif
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-
-pager_acquire_err:
-  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-  if( pPg ){
-    sqlite3PcacheDrop(pPg);
-  }
-  pagerUnlockIfUnused(pPager);
-
-  *ppPage = 0;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Acquire a page if it is already in the in-memory cache.  Do
-** not read the page from disk.  Return a pointer to the page,
-** or 0 if the page is not in cache. Also, return 0 if the 
-** pager is in PAGER_UNLOCK state when this function is called,
-** or if the pager is in an error state other than SQLITE_FULL.
-**
-** See also sqlite3PagerGet().  The difference between this routine
-** and sqlite3PagerGet() is that _get() will go to the disk and read
-** in the page if the page is not already in cache.  This routine
-** returns NULL if the page is not in cache or if a disk I/O error 
-** has ever happened.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE DbPage *sqlite3PagerLookup(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
-  PgHdr *pPg = 0;
-  assert( pPager!=0 );
-  assert( pgno!=0 );
-  assert( pPager->pPCache!=0 );
-  assert( pPager->state > PAGER_UNLOCK );
-  sqlite3PcacheFetch(pPager->pPCache, pgno, 0, &pPg);
-  return pPg;
-}
-
-/*
-** Release a page reference.
-**
-** If the number of references to the page drop to zero, then the
-** page is added to the LRU list.  When all references to all pages
-** are released, a rollback occurs and the lock on the database is
-** removed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnref(DbPage *pPg){
-  if( pPg ){
-    Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
-    sqlite3PcacheRelease(pPg);
-    pagerUnlockIfUnused(pPager);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** If the main journal file has already been opened, ensure that the
-** sub-journal file is open too. If the main journal is not open,
-** this function is a no-op.
-**
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if everything goes according to plan. 
-** An SQLITE_IOERR_XXX error code is returned if a call to 
-** sqlite3OsOpen() fails.
-*/
-static int openSubJournal(Pager *pPager){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) && !isOpen(pPager->sjfd) ){
-    if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY || pPager->subjInMemory ){
-      sqlite3MemJournalOpen(pPager->sjfd);
-    }else{
-      rc = pagerOpentemp(pPager, pPager->sjfd, SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL);
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called at the start of every write transaction.
-** There must already be a RESERVED or EXCLUSIVE lock on the database 
-** file when this routine is called.
-**
-** Open the journal file for pager pPager and write a journal header
-** to the start of it. If there are active savepoints, open the sub-journal
-** as well. This function is only used when the journal file is being 
-** opened to write a rollback log for a transaction. It is not used 
-** when opening a hot journal file to roll it back.
-**
-** If the journal file is already open (as it may be in exclusive mode),
-** then this function just writes a journal header to the start of the
-** already open file. 
-**
-** Whether or not the journal file is opened by this function, the
-** Pager.pInJournal bitvec structure is allocated.
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK if everything is successful. Otherwise, return 
-** SQLITE_NOMEM if the attempt to allocate Pager.pInJournal fails, or 
-** an IO error code if opening or writing the journal file fails.
-*/
-static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                        /* Return code */
-  sqlite3_vfs * const pVfs = pPager->pVfs;   /* Local cache of vfs pointer */
-
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED );
-  assert( pPager->useJournal );
-  assert( pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF );
-  assert( pPager->pInJournal==0 );
-  
-  /* If already in the error state, this function is a no-op.  But on
-  ** the other hand, this routine is never called if we are already in
-  ** an error state. */
-  if( NEVER(pPager->errCode) ) return pPager->errCode;
-
-  /* TODO: Is it really possible to get here with dbSizeValid==0? If not,
-  ** the call to PagerPagecount() can be removed.
-  */
-  testcase( pPager->dbSizeValid==0 );
-  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, 0);
-
-  pPager->pInJournal = sqlite3BitvecCreate(pPager->dbSize);
-  if( pPager->pInJournal==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  /* Open the journal file if it is not already open. */
-  if( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-    if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY ){
-      sqlite3MemJournalOpen(pPager->jfd);
-    }else{
-      const int flags =                   /* VFS flags to open journal file */
-        SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|
-        (pPager->tempFile ? 
-          (SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE|SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL):
-          (SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL)
-        );
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
-      rc = sqlite3JournalOpen(
-          pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, flags, jrnlBufferSize(pPager)
-      );
-#else
-      rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, flags, 0);
-#endif
-    }
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
-  }
-
-
-  /* Write the first journal header to the journal file and open 
-  ** the sub-journal if necessary.
-  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* TODO: Check if all of these are really required. */
-    pPager->dbOrigSize = pPager->dbSize;
-    pPager->journalStarted = 0;
-    pPager->needSync = 0;
-    pPager->nRec = 0;
-    pPager->journalOff = 0;
-    pPager->setMaster = 0;
-    pPager->journalHdr = 0;
-    rc = writeJournalHdr(pPager);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->nSavepoint ){
-    rc = openSubJournal(pPager);
-  }
-
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pPager->pInJournal);
-    pPager->pInJournal = 0;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Begin a write-transaction on the specified pager object. If a 
-** write-transaction has already been opened, this function is a no-op.
-**
-** If the exFlag argument is false, then acquire at least a RESERVED
-** lock on the database file. If exFlag is true, then acquire at least
-** an EXCLUSIVE lock. If such a lock is already held, no locking 
-** functions need be called.
-**
-** If this is not a temporary or in-memory file and, the journal file is 
-** opened if it has not been already. For a temporary file, the opening 
-** of the journal file is deferred until there is an actual need to 
-** write to the journal. TODO: Why handle temporary files differently?
-**
-** If the journal file is opened (or if it is already open), then a
-** journal-header is written to the start of it.
-**
-** If the subjInMemory argument is non-zero, then any sub-journal opened
-** within this transaction will be opened as an in-memory file. This
-** has no effect if the sub-journal is already opened (as it may be when
-** running in exclusive mode) or if the transaction does not require a
-** sub-journal. If the subjInMemory argument is zero, then any required
-** sub-journal is implemented in-memory if pPager is an in-memory database, 
-** or using a temporary file otherwise.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerBegin(Pager *pPager, int exFlag, int subjInMemory){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  assert( pPager->state!=PAGER_UNLOCK );
-  pPager->subjInMemory = (u8)subjInMemory;
-  if( pPager->state==PAGER_SHARED ){
-    assert( pPager->pInJournal==0 );
-    assert( !MEMDB && !pPager->tempFile );
-
-    /* Obtain a RESERVED lock on the database file. If the exFlag parameter
-    ** is true, then immediately upgrade this to an EXCLUSIVE lock. The
-    ** busy-handler callback can be used when upgrading to the EXCLUSIVE
-    ** lock, but not when obtaining the RESERVED lock.
-    */
-    rc = sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, RESERVED_LOCK);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pPager->state = PAGER_RESERVED;
-      if( exFlag ){
-        rc = pager_wait_on_lock(pPager, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* If the required locks were successfully obtained, open the journal
-    ** file and write the first journal-header to it.
-    */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF ){
-      rc = pager_open_journal(pPager);
-    }
-  }else if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) && pPager->journalOff==0 ){
-    /* This happens when the pager was in exclusive-access mode the last
-    ** time a (read or write) transaction was successfully concluded
-    ** by this connection. Instead of deleting the journal file it was 
-    ** kept open and either was truncated to 0 bytes or its header was
-    ** overwritten with zeros.
-    */
-    assert( pPager->nRec==0 );
-    assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==0 );
-    assert( pPager->pInJournal==0 );
-    rc = pager_open_journal(pPager);
-  }
-
-  PAGERTRACE(("TRANSACTION %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
-  assert( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) || pPager->journalOff>0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    assert( !pPager->dbModified );
-    /* Ignore any IO error that occurs within pager_end_transaction(). The
-    ** purpose of this call is to reset the internal state of the pager
-    ** sub-system. It doesn't matter if the journal-file is not properly
-    ** finalized at this point (since it is not a valid journal file anyway).
-    */
-    pager_end_transaction(pPager, 0);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Mark a single data page as writeable. The page is written into the 
-** main journal or sub-journal as required. If the page is written into
-** one of the journals, the corresponding bit is set in the 
-** Pager.pInJournal bitvec and the PagerSavepoint.pInSavepoint bitvecs
-** of any open savepoints as appropriate.
-*/
-static int pager_write(PgHdr *pPg){
-  void *pData = pPg->pData;
-  Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  /* This routine is not called unless a transaction has already been
-  ** started.
-  */
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED );
-
-  /* If an error has been previously detected, we should not be
-  ** calling this routine.  Repeat the error for robustness.
-  */
-  if( NEVER(pPager->errCode) )  return pPager->errCode;
-
-  /* Higher-level routines never call this function if database is not
-  ** writable.  But check anyway, just for robustness. */
-  if( NEVER(pPager->readOnly) ) return SQLITE_PERM;
-
-  assert( !pPager->setMaster );
-
-  CHECK_PAGE(pPg);
-
-  /* Mark the page as dirty.  If the page has already been written
-  ** to the journal then we can return right away.
-  */
-  sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty(pPg);
-  if( pageInJournal(pPg) && !subjRequiresPage(pPg) ){
-    pPager->dbModified = 1;
-  }else{
-
-    /* If we get this far, it means that the page needs to be
-    ** written to the transaction journal or the ckeckpoint journal
-    ** or both.
-    **
-    ** Higher level routines should have already started a transaction,
-    ** which means they have acquired the necessary locks and opened
-    ** a rollback journal.  Double-check to makes sure this is the case.
-    */
-    rc = sqlite3PagerBegin(pPager, 0, pPager->subjInMemory);
-    if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    if( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) && pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF ){
-      assert( pPager->useJournal );
-      rc = pager_open_journal(pPager);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-    }
-    pPager->dbModified = 1;
-  
-    /* The transaction journal now exists and we have a RESERVED or an
-    ** EXCLUSIVE lock on the main database file.  Write the current page to
-    ** the transaction journal if it is not there already.
-    */
-    if( !pageInJournal(pPg) && isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-      if( pPg->pgno<=pPager->dbOrigSize ){
-        u32 cksum;
-        char *pData2;
-
-        /* We should never write to the journal file the page that
-        ** contains the database locks.  The following assert verifies
-        ** that we do not. */
-        assert( pPg->pgno!=PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) );
-        CODEC2(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 7, return SQLITE_NOMEM, pData2);
-        cksum = pager_cksum(pPager, (u8*)pData2);
-        rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, pPager->journalOff, pPg->pgno);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, pData2, pPager->pageSize,
-                              pPager->journalOff + 4);
-          pPager->journalOff += pPager->pageSize+4;
-        }
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, pPager->journalOff, cksum);
-          pPager->journalOff += 4;
-        }
-        IOTRACE(("JOUT %p %d %lld %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno, 
-                 pPager->journalOff, pPager->pageSize));
-        PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_writej_count);
-        PAGERTRACE(("JOURNAL %d page %d needSync=%d hash(%08x)\n",
-             PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno, 
-             ((pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)?1:0), pager_pagehash(pPg)));
-
-        /* Even if an IO or diskfull error occurred while journalling the
-        ** page in the block above, set the need-sync flag for the page.
-        ** Otherwise, when the transaction is rolled back, the logic in
-        ** playback_one_page() will think that the page needs to be restored
-        ** in the database file. And if an IO error occurs while doing so,
-        ** then corruption may follow.
-        */
-        if( !pPager->noSync ){
-          pPg->flags |= PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
-          pPager->needSync = 1;
-        }
-
-        /* An error has occurred writing to the journal file. The 
-        ** transaction will be rolled back by the layer above.
-        */
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          return rc;
-        }
-
-        pPager->nRec++;
-        assert( pPager->pInJournal!=0 );
-        rc = sqlite3BitvecSet(pPager->pInJournal, pPg->pgno);
-        testcase( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
-        assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
-        rc |= addToSavepointBitvecs(pPager, pPg->pgno);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          assert( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
-          return rc;
-        }
-      }else{
-        if( !pPager->journalStarted && !pPager->noSync ){
-          pPg->flags |= PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
-          pPager->needSync = 1;
-        }
-        PAGERTRACE(("APPEND %d page %d needSync=%d\n",
-                PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno,
-               ((pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)?1:0)));
-      }
-    }
-  
-    /* If the statement journal is open and the page is not in it,
-    ** then write the current page to the statement journal.  Note that
-    ** the statement journal format differs from the standard journal format
-    ** in that it omits the checksums and the header.
-    */
-    if( subjRequiresPage(pPg) ){
-      rc = subjournalPage(pPg);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Update the database size and return.
-  */
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED );
-  if( pPager->dbSize<pPg->pgno ){
-    pPager->dbSize = pPg->pgno;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Mark a data page as writeable. This routine must be called before 
-** making changes to a page. The caller must check the return value 
-** of this function and be careful not to change any page data unless 
-** this routine returns SQLITE_OK.
-**
-** The difference between this function and pager_write() is that this
-** function also deals with the special case where 2 or more pages
-** fit on a single disk sector. In this case all co-resident pages
-** must have been written to the journal file before returning.
-**
-** If an error occurs, SQLITE_NOMEM or an IO error code is returned
-** as appropriate. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage *pDbPage){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  PgHdr *pPg = pDbPage;
-  Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
-  Pgno nPagePerSector = (pPager->sectorSize/pPager->pageSize);
-
-  if( nPagePerSector>1 ){
-    Pgno nPageCount;          /* Total number of pages in database file */
-    Pgno pg1;                 /* First page of the sector pPg is located on. */
-    int nPage;                /* Number of pages starting at pg1 to journal */
-    int ii;                   /* Loop counter */
-    int needSync = 0;         /* True if any page has PGHDR_NEED_SYNC */
-
-    /* Set the doNotSync flag to 1. This is because we cannot allow a journal
-    ** header to be written between the pages journaled by this function.
-    */
-    assert( !MEMDB );
-    assert( pPager->doNotSync==0 );
-    pPager->doNotSync = 1;
-
-    /* This trick assumes that both the page-size and sector-size are
-    ** an integer power of 2. It sets variable pg1 to the identifier
-    ** of the first page of the sector pPg is located on.
-    */
-    pg1 = ((pPg->pgno-1) & ~(nPagePerSector-1)) + 1;
-
-    sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, (int *)&nPageCount);
-    if( pPg->pgno>nPageCount ){
-      nPage = (pPg->pgno - pg1)+1;
-    }else if( (pg1+nPagePerSector-1)>nPageCount ){
-      nPage = nPageCount+1-pg1;
-    }else{
-      nPage = nPagePerSector;
-    }
-    assert(nPage>0);
-    assert(pg1<=pPg->pgno);
-    assert((pg1+nPage)>pPg->pgno);
-
-    for(ii=0; ii<nPage && rc==SQLITE_OK; ii++){
-      Pgno pg = pg1+ii;
-      PgHdr *pPage;
-      if( pg==pPg->pgno || !sqlite3BitvecTest(pPager->pInJournal, pg) ){
-        if( pg!=PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) ){
-          rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, pg, &pPage);
-          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-            rc = pager_write(pPage);
-            if( pPage->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC ){
-              needSync = 1;
-              assert(pPager->needSync);
-            }
-            sqlite3PagerUnref(pPage);
-          }
-        }
-      }else if( (pPage = pager_lookup(pPager, pg))!=0 ){
-        if( pPage->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC ){
-          needSync = 1;
-        }
-        sqlite3PagerUnref(pPage);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* If the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag is set for any of the nPage pages 
-    ** starting at pg1, then it needs to be set for all of them. Because
-    ** writing to any of these nPage pages may damage the others, the
-    ** journal file must contain sync()ed copies of all of them
-    ** before any of them can be written out to the database file.
-    */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && needSync ){
-      assert( !MEMDB && pPager->noSync==0 );
-      for(ii=0; ii<nPage; ii++){
-        PgHdr *pPage = pager_lookup(pPager, pg1+ii);
-        if( pPage ){
-          pPage->flags |= PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
-          sqlite3PagerUnref(pPage);
-        }
-      }
-      assert(pPager->needSync);
-    }
-
-    assert( pPager->doNotSync==1 );
-    pPager->doNotSync = 0;
-  }else{
-    rc = pager_write(pDbPage);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if the page given in the argument was previously passed
-** to sqlite3PagerWrite().  In other words, return TRUE if it is ok
-** to change the content of the page.
-*/
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerIswriteable(DbPage *pPg){
-  return pPg->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** A call to this routine tells the pager that it is not necessary to
-** write the information on page pPg back to the disk, even though
-** that page might be marked as dirty.  This happens, for example, when
-** the page has been added as a leaf of the freelist and so its
-** content no longer matters.
-**
-** The overlying software layer calls this routine when all of the data
-** on the given page is unused. The pager marks the page as clean so
-** that it does not get written to disk.
-**
-** Tests show that this optimization can quadruple the speed of large 
-** DELETE operations.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerDontWrite(PgHdr *pPg){
-  Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
-  if( (pPg->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY) && pPager->nSavepoint==0 ){
-    PAGERTRACE(("DONT_WRITE page %d of %d\n", pPg->pgno, PAGERID(pPager)));
-    IOTRACE(("CLEAN %p %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno))
-    pPg->flags |= PGHDR_DONT_WRITE;
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-    pPg->pageHash = pager_pagehash(pPg);
-#endif
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called to increment the value of the database file 
-** change-counter, stored as a 4-byte big-endian integer starting at 
-** byte offset 24 of the pager file.
-**
-** If the isDirectMode flag is zero, then this is done by calling 
-** sqlite3PagerWrite() on page 1, then modifying the contents of the
-** page data. In this case the file will be updated when the current
-** transaction is committed.
-**
-** The isDirectMode flag may only be non-zero if the library was compiled
-** with the SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE macro defined. In this case,
-** if isDirect is non-zero, then the database file is updated directly
-** by writing an updated version of page 1 using a call to the 
-** sqlite3OsWrite() function.
-*/
-static int pager_incr_changecounter(Pager *pPager, int isDirectMode){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  /* Declare and initialize constant integer 'isDirect'. If the
-  ** atomic-write optimization is enabled in this build, then isDirect
-  ** is initialized to the value passed as the isDirectMode parameter
-  ** to this function. Otherwise, it is always set to zero.
-  **
-  ** The idea is that if the atomic-write optimization is not
-  ** enabled at compile time, the compiler can omit the tests of
-  ** 'isDirect' below, as well as the block enclosed in the
-  ** "if( isDirect )" condition.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
-# define DIRECT_MODE 0
-  assert( isDirectMode==0 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(isDirectMode);
-#else
-# define DIRECT_MODE isDirectMode
-#endif
-
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED );
-  if( !pPager->changeCountDone && pPager->dbSize>0 ){
-    PgHdr *pPgHdr;                /* Reference to page 1 */
-    u32 change_counter;           /* Initial value of change-counter field */
-
-    assert( !pPager->tempFile && isOpen(pPager->fd) );
-
-    /* Open page 1 of the file for writing. */
-    rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, 1, &pPgHdr);
-    assert( pPgHdr==0 || rc==SQLITE_OK );
-
-    /* If page one was fetched successfully, and this function is not
-    ** operating in direct-mode, make page 1 writable.  When not in 
-    ** direct mode, page 1 is always held in cache and hence the PagerGet()
-    ** above is always successful - hence the ALWAYS on rc==SQLITE_OK.
-    */
-    if( !DIRECT_MODE && ALWAYS(rc==SQLITE_OK) ){
-      rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPgHdr);
-    }
-
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      /* Increment the value just read and write it back to byte 24. */
-      change_counter = sqlite3Get4byte((u8*)pPager->dbFileVers);
-      change_counter++;
-      put32bits(((char*)pPgHdr->pData)+24, change_counter);
-
-      /* If running in direct mode, write the contents of page 1 to the file. */
-      if( DIRECT_MODE ){
-        const void *zBuf = pPgHdr->pData;
-        assert( pPager->dbFileSize>0 );
-        rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->fd, zBuf, pPager->pageSize, 0);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          pPager->changeCountDone = 1;
-        }
-      }else{
-        pPager->changeCountDone = 1;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Release the page reference. */
-    sqlite3PagerUnref(pPgHdr);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Sync the pager file to disk. This is a no-op for in-memory files
-** or pages with the Pager.noSync flag set.
-**
-** If successful, or called on a pager for which it is a no-op, this
-** function returns SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, an IO error code is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSync(Pager *pPager){
-  int rc;                              /* Return code */
-  assert( !MEMDB );
-  if( pPager->noSync ){
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->fd, pPager->sync_flags);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Sync the database file for the pager pPager. zMaster points to the name
-** of a master journal file that should be written into the individual
-** journal file. zMaster may be NULL, which is interpreted as no master
-** journal (a single database transaction).
-**
-** This routine ensures that:
-**
-**   * The database file change-counter is updated,
-**   * the journal is synced (unless the atomic-write optimization is used),
-**   * all dirty pages are written to the database file, 
-**   * the database file is truncated (if required), and
-**   * the database file synced. 
-**
-** The only thing that remains to commit the transaction is to finalize 
-** (delete, truncate or zero the first part of) the journal file (or 
-** delete the master journal file if specified).
-**
-** Note that if zMaster==NULL, this does not overwrite a previous value
-** passed to an sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne() call.
-**
-** If the final parameter - noSync - is true, then the database file itself
-** is not synced. The caller must call sqlite3PagerSync() directly to
-** sync the database file before calling CommitPhaseTwo() to delete the
-** journal file in this case.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
-  Pager *pPager,                  /* Pager object */
-  const char *zMaster,            /* If not NULL, the master journal name */
-  int noSync                      /* True to omit the xSync on the db file */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-
-  /* The dbOrigSize is never set if journal_mode=OFF */
-  assert( pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF || pPager->dbOrigSize==0 );
-
-  /* If a prior error occurred, this routine should not be called.  ROLLBACK
-  ** is the appropriate response to an error, not COMMIT.  Guard against
-  ** coding errors by repeating the prior error. */
-  if( NEVER(pPager->errCode) ) return pPager->errCode;
-
-  PAGERTRACE(("DATABASE SYNC: File=%s zMaster=%s nSize=%d\n", 
-      pPager->zFilename, zMaster, pPager->dbSize));
-
-  if( MEMDB && pPager->dbModified ){
-    /* If this is an in-memory db, or no pages have been written to, or this
-    ** function has already been called, it is mostly a no-op.  However, any
-    ** backup in progress needs to be restarted.
-    */
-    sqlite3BackupRestart(pPager->pBackup);
-  }else if( pPager->state!=PAGER_SYNCED && pPager->dbModified ){
-
-    /* The following block updates the change-counter. Exactly how it
-    ** does this depends on whether or not the atomic-update optimization
-    ** was enabled at compile time, and if this transaction meets the 
-    ** runtime criteria to use the operation: 
-    **
-    **    * The file-system supports the atomic-write property for
-    **      blocks of size page-size, and 
-    **    * This commit is not part of a multi-file transaction, and
-    **    * Exactly one page has been modified and store in the journal file.
-    **
-    ** If the optimization was not enabled at compile time, then the
-    ** pager_incr_changecounter() function is called to update the change
-    ** counter in 'indirect-mode'. If the optimization is compiled in but
-    ** is not applicable to this transaction, call sqlite3JournalCreate()
-    ** to make sure the journal file has actually been created, then call
-    ** pager_incr_changecounter() to update the change-counter in indirect
-    ** mode. 
-    **
-    ** Otherwise, if the optimization is both enabled and applicable,
-    ** then call pager_incr_changecounter() to update the change-counter
-    ** in 'direct' mode. In this case the journal file will never be
-    ** created for this transaction.
-    */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
-    PgHdr *pPg;
-    assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF );
-    if( !zMaster && isOpen(pPager->jfd) 
-     && pPager->journalOff==jrnlBufferSize(pPager) 
-     && pPager->dbSize>=pPager->dbFileSize
-     && (0==(pPg = sqlite3PcacheDirtyList(pPager->pPCache)) || 0==pPg->pDirty)
-    ){
-      /* Update the db file change counter via the direct-write method. The 
-      ** following call will modify the in-memory representation of page 1 
-      ** to include the updated change counter and then write page 1 
-      ** directly to the database file. Because of the atomic-write 
-      ** property of the host file-system, this is safe.
-      */
-      rc = pager_incr_changecounter(pPager, 1);
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3JournalCreate(pPager->jfd);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = pager_incr_changecounter(pPager, 0);
-      }
-    }
-#else
-    rc = pager_incr_changecounter(pPager, 0);
-#endif
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
-
-    /* If this transaction has made the database smaller, then all pages
-    ** being discarded by the truncation must be written to the journal
-    ** file. This can only happen in auto-vacuum mode.
-    **
-    ** Before reading the pages with page numbers larger than the 
-    ** current value of Pager.dbSize, set dbSize back to the value
-    ** that it took at the start of the transaction. Otherwise, the
-    ** calls to sqlite3PagerGet() return zeroed pages instead of 
-    ** reading data from the database file.
-    **
-    ** When journal_mode==OFF the dbOrigSize is always zero, so this
-    ** block never runs if journal_mode=OFF.
-    */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( pPager->dbSize<pPager->dbOrigSize 
-     && ALWAYS(pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF)
-    ){
-      Pgno i;                                   /* Iterator variable */
-      const Pgno iSkip = PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager); /* Pending lock page */
-      const Pgno dbSize = pPager->dbSize;       /* Database image size */ 
-      pPager->dbSize = pPager->dbOrigSize;
-      for( i=dbSize+1; i<=pPager->dbOrigSize; i++ ){
-        if( !sqlite3BitvecTest(pPager->pInJournal, i) && i!=iSkip ){
-          PgHdr *pPage;             /* Page to journal */
-          rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, i, &pPage);
-          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
-          rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage);
-          sqlite3PagerUnref(pPage);
-          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
-        }
-      } 
-      pPager->dbSize = dbSize;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* Write the master journal name into the journal file. If a master 
-    ** journal file name has already been written to the journal file, 
-    ** or if zMaster is NULL (no master journal), then this call is a no-op.
-    */
-    rc = writeMasterJournal(pPager, zMaster);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
-
-    /* Sync the journal file. If the atomic-update optimization is being
-    ** used, this call will not create the journal file or perform any
-    ** real IO.
-    */
-    rc = syncJournal(pPager);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
-
-    /* Write all dirty pages to the database file. */
-    rc = pager_write_pagelist(sqlite3PcacheDirtyList(pPager->pPCache));
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      assert( rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED );
-      goto commit_phase_one_exit;
-    }
-    sqlite3PcacheCleanAll(pPager->pPCache);
-
-    /* If the file on disk is not the same size as the database image,
-    ** then use pager_truncate to grow or shrink the file here.
-    */
-    if( pPager->dbSize!=pPager->dbFileSize ){
-      Pgno nNew = pPager->dbSize - (pPager->dbSize==PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager));
-      assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE );
-      rc = pager_truncate(pPager, nNew);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
-    }
-
-    /* Finally, sync the database file. */
-    if( !pPager->noSync && !noSync ){
-      rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->fd, pPager->sync_flags);
-    }
-    IOTRACE(("DBSYNC %p\n", pPager))
-
-    pPager->state = PAGER_SYNCED;
-  }
-
-commit_phase_one_exit:
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** When this function is called, the database file has been completely
-** updated to reflect the changes made by the current transaction and
-** synced to disk. The journal file still exists in the file-system 
-** though, and if a failure occurs at this point it will eventually
-** be used as a hot-journal and the current transaction rolled back.
-**
-** This function finalizes the journal file, either by deleting, 
-** truncating or partially zeroing it, so that it cannot be used 
-** for hot-journal rollback. Once this is done the transaction is
-** irrevocably committed.
-**
-** If an error occurs, an IO error code is returned and the pager
-** moves into the error state. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager *pPager){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                  /* Return code */
-
-  /* This routine should not be called if a prior error has occurred.
-  ** But if (due to a coding error elsewhere in the system) it does get
-  ** called, just return the same error code without doing anything. */
-  if( NEVER(pPager->errCode) ) return pPager->errCode;
-
-  /* This function should not be called if the pager is not in at least
-  ** PAGER_RESERVED state. And indeed SQLite never does this. But it is
-  ** nice to have this defensive test here anyway.
-  */
-  if( NEVER(pPager->state<PAGER_RESERVED) ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
-
-  /* An optimization. If the database was not actually modified during
-  ** this transaction, the pager is running in exclusive-mode and is
-  ** using persistent journals, then this function is a no-op.
-  **
-  ** The start of the journal file currently contains a single journal 
-  ** header with the nRec field set to 0. If such a journal is used as
-  ** a hot-journal during hot-journal rollback, 0 changes will be made
-  ** to the database file. So there is no need to zero the journal 
-  ** header. Since the pager is in exclusive mode, there is no need
-  ** to drop any locks either.
-  */
-  if( pPager->dbModified==0 && pPager->exclusiveMode 
-   && pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
-  ){
-    assert( pPager->journalOff==JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) );
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  PAGERTRACE(("COMMIT %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
-  assert( pPager->state==PAGER_SYNCED || MEMDB || !pPager->dbModified );
-  rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, pPager->setMaster);
-  return pager_error(pPager, rc);
-}
-
-/*
-** Rollback all changes. The database falls back to PAGER_SHARED mode.
-**
-** This function performs two tasks:
-**
-**   1) It rolls back the journal file, restoring all database file and 
-**      in-memory cache pages to the state they were in when the transaction
-**      was opened, and
-**   2) It finalizes the journal file, so that it is not used for hot
-**      rollback at any point in the future.
-**
-** subject to the following qualifications:
-**
-** * If the journal file is not yet open when this function is called,
-**   then only (2) is performed. In this case there is no journal file
-**   to roll back.
-**
-** * If in an error state other than SQLITE_FULL, then task (1) is 
-**   performed. If successful, task (2). Regardless of the outcome
-**   of either, the error state error code is returned to the caller
-**   (i.e. either SQLITE_IOERR or SQLITE_CORRUPT).
-**
-** * If the pager is in PAGER_RESERVED state, then attempt (1). Whether
-**   or not (1) is succussful, also attempt (2). If successful, return
-**   SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, enter the error state and return the first 
-**   error code encountered. 
-**
-**   In this case there is no chance that the database was written to. 
-**   So is safe to finalize the journal file even if the playback 
-**   (operation 1) failed. However the pager must enter the error state
-**   as the contents of the in-memory cache are now suspect.
-**
-** * Finally, if in PAGER_EXCLUSIVE state, then attempt (1). Only
-**   attempt (2) if (1) is successful. Return SQLITE_OK if successful,
-**   otherwise enter the error state and return the error code from the 
-**   failing operation.
-**
-**   In this case the database file may have been written to. So if the
-**   playback operation did not succeed it would not be safe to finalize
-**   the journal file. It needs to be left in the file-system so that
-**   some other process can use it to restore the database state (by
-**   hot-journal rollback).
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRollback(Pager *pPager){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                  /* Return code */
-  PAGERTRACE(("ROLLBACK %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
-  if( !pPager->dbModified || !isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-    rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, pPager->setMaster);
-  }else if( pPager->errCode && pPager->errCode!=SQLITE_FULL ){
-    if( pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE ){
-      pager_playback(pPager, 0);
-    }
-    rc = pPager->errCode;
-  }else{
-    if( pPager->state==PAGER_RESERVED ){
-      int rc2;
-      rc = pager_playback(pPager, 0);
-      rc2 = pager_end_transaction(pPager, pPager->setMaster);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = rc2;
-      }
-    }else{
-      rc = pager_playback(pPager, 0);
-    }
-
-    if( !MEMDB ){
-      pPager->dbSizeValid = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* If an error occurs during a ROLLBACK, we can no longer trust the pager
-    ** cache. So call pager_error() on the way out to make any error 
-    ** persistent.
-    */
-    rc = pager_error(pPager, rc);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if the database file is opened read-only.  Return FALSE
-** if the database is (in theory) writable.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3PagerIsreadonly(Pager *pPager){
-  return pPager->readOnly;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of references to the pager.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRefcount(Pager *pPager){
-  return sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of references to the specified page.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(DbPage *pPage){
-  return sqlite3PcachePageRefcount(pPage);
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-/*
-** This routine is used for testing and analysis only.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int *sqlite3PagerStats(Pager *pPager){
-  static int a[11];
-  a[0] = sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache);
-  a[1] = sqlite3PcachePagecount(pPager->pPCache);
-  a[2] = sqlite3PcacheGetCachesize(pPager->pPCache);
-  a[3] = pPager->dbSizeValid ? (int) pPager->dbSize : -1;
-  a[4] = pPager->state;
-  a[5] = pPager->errCode;
-  a[6] = pPager->nHit;
-  a[7] = pPager->nMiss;
-  a[8] = 0;  /* Used to be pPager->nOvfl */
-  a[9] = pPager->nRead;
-  a[10] = pPager->nWrite;
-  return a;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return true if this is an in-memory pager.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(Pager *pPager){
-  return MEMDB;
-}
-
-/*
-** Check that there are at least nSavepoint savepoints open. If there are
-** currently less than nSavepoints open, then open one or more savepoints
-** to make up the difference. If the number of savepoints is already
-** equal to nSavepoint, then this function is a no-op.
-**
-** If a memory allocation fails, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned. If an error 
-** occurs while opening the sub-journal file, then an IO error code is
-** returned. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int nSavepoint){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                       /* Return code */
-  int nCurrent = pPager->nSavepoint;        /* Current number of savepoints */
-
-  if( nSavepoint>nCurrent && pPager->useJournal ){
-    int ii;                                 /* Iterator variable */
-    PagerSavepoint *aNew;                   /* New Pager.aSavepoint array */
-
-    /* Either there is no active journal or the sub-journal is open or 
-    ** the journal is always stored in memory */
-    assert( pPager->nSavepoint==0 || isOpen(pPager->sjfd) ||
-            pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY );
-
-    /* Grow the Pager.aSavepoint array using realloc(). Return SQLITE_NOMEM
-    ** if the allocation fails. Otherwise, zero the new portion in case a 
-    ** malloc failure occurs while populating it in the for(...) loop below.
-    */
-    aNew = (PagerSavepoint *)sqlite3Realloc(
-        pPager->aSavepoint, sizeof(PagerSavepoint)*nSavepoint
-    );
-    if( !aNew ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    memset(&aNew[nCurrent], 0, (nSavepoint-nCurrent) * sizeof(PagerSavepoint));
-    pPager->aSavepoint = aNew;
-    pPager->nSavepoint = nSavepoint;
-
-    /* Populate the PagerSavepoint structures just allocated. */
-    for(ii=nCurrent; ii<nSavepoint; ii++){
-      assert( pPager->dbSizeValid );
-      aNew[ii].nOrig = pPager->dbSize;
-      if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) && ALWAYS(pPager->journalOff>0) ){
-        aNew[ii].iOffset = pPager->journalOff;
-      }else{
-        aNew[ii].iOffset = JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager);
-      }
-      aNew[ii].iSubRec = pPager->nSubRec;
-      aNew[ii].pInSavepoint = sqlite3BitvecCreate(pPager->dbSize);
-      if( !aNew[ii].pInSavepoint ){
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Open the sub-journal, if it is not already opened. */
-    rc = openSubJournal(pPager);
-    assertTruncateConstraint(pPager);
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called to rollback or release (commit) a savepoint.
-** The savepoint to release or rollback need not be the most recently 
-** created savepoint.
-**
-** Parameter op is always either SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK or SAVEPOINT_RELEASE.
-** If it is SAVEPOINT_RELEASE, then release and destroy the savepoint with
-** index iSavepoint. If it is SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, then rollback all changes
-** that have occurred since the specified savepoint was created.
-**
-** The savepoint to rollback or release is identified by parameter 
-** iSavepoint. A value of 0 means to operate on the outermost savepoint
-** (the first created). A value of (Pager.nSavepoint-1) means operate
-** on the most recently created savepoint. If iSavepoint is greater than
-** (Pager.nSavepoint-1), then this function is a no-op.
-**
-** If a negative value is passed to this function, then the current
-** transaction is rolled back. This is different to calling 
-** sqlite3PagerRollback() because this function does not terminate
-** the transaction or unlock the database, it just restores the 
-** contents of the database to its original state. 
-**
-** In any case, all savepoints with an index greater than iSavepoint 
-** are destroyed. If this is a release operation (op==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE),
-** then savepoint iSavepoint is also destroyed.
-**
-** This function may return SQLITE_NOMEM if a memory allocation fails,
-** or an IO error code if an IO error occurs while rolling back a 
-** savepoint. If no errors occur, SQLITE_OK is returned.
-*/ 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  assert( op==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE || op==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK );
-  assert( iSavepoint>=0 || op==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK );
-
-  if( iSavepoint<pPager->nSavepoint ){
-    int ii;            /* Iterator variable */
-    int nNew;          /* Number of remaining savepoints after this op. */
-
-    /* Figure out how many savepoints will still be active after this
-    ** operation. Store this value in nNew. Then free resources associated 
-    ** with any savepoints that are destroyed by this operation.
-    */
-    nNew = iSavepoint + (( op==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ) ? 0 : 1);
-    for(ii=nNew; ii<pPager->nSavepoint; ii++){
-      sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pPager->aSavepoint[ii].pInSavepoint);
-    }
-    pPager->nSavepoint = nNew;
-
-    /* If this is a release of the outermost savepoint, truncate 
-    ** the sub-journal to zero bytes in size. */
-    if( op==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
-      if( nNew==0 && isOpen(pPager->sjfd) ){
-        /* Only truncate if it is an in-memory sub-journal. */
-        if( sqlite3IsMemJournal(pPager->sjfd) ){
-          rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pPager->sjfd, 0);
-          assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-        }
-        pPager->nSubRec = 0;
-      }
-    }
-    /* Else this is a rollback operation, playback the specified savepoint.
-    ** If this is a temp-file, it is possible that the journal file has
-    ** not yet been opened. In this case there have been no changes to
-    ** the database file, so the playback operation can be skipped.
-    */
-    else if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-      PagerSavepoint *pSavepoint = (nNew==0)?0:&pPager->aSavepoint[nNew-1];
-      rc = pagerPlaybackSavepoint(pPager, pSavepoint);
-      assert(rc!=SQLITE_DONE);
-    }
-  
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the full pathname of the database file.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerFilename(Pager *pPager){
-  return pPager->zFilename;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the VFS structure for the pager.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3PagerVfs(Pager *pPager){
-  return pPager->pVfs;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the file handle for the database file associated
-** with the pager.  This might return NULL if the file has
-** not yet been opened.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3PagerFile(Pager *pPager){
-  return pPager->fd;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the full pathname of the journal file.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerJournalname(Pager *pPager){
-  return pPager->zJournal;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return true if fsync() calls are disabled for this pager.  Return FALSE
-** if fsync()s are executed normally.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerNosync(Pager *pPager){
-  return pPager->noSync;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-/*
-** Set or retrieve the codec for this pager
-*/
-static void sqlite3PagerSetCodec(
-  Pager *pPager,
-  void *(*xCodec)(void*,void*,Pgno,int),
-  void (*xCodecSizeChng)(void*,int,int),
-  void (*xCodecFree)(void*),
-  void *pCodec
-){
-  if( pPager->xCodecFree ) pPager->xCodecFree(pPager->pCodec);
-  pPager->xCodec = pPager->memDb ? 0 : xCodec;
-  pPager->xCodecSizeChng = xCodecSizeChng;
-  pPager->xCodecFree = xCodecFree;
-  pPager->pCodec = pCodec;
-  pagerReportSize(pPager);
-}
-static void *sqlite3PagerGetCodec(Pager *pPager){
-  return pPager->pCodec;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-/*
-** Move the page pPg to location pgno in the file.
-**
-** There must be no references to the page previously located at
-** pgno (which we call pPgOld) though that page is allowed to be
-** in cache.  If the page previously located at pgno is not already
-** in the rollback journal, it is not put there by by this routine.
-**
-** References to the page pPg remain valid. Updating any
-** meta-data associated with pPg (i.e. data stored in the nExtra bytes
-** allocated along with the page) is the responsibility of the caller.
-**
-** A transaction must be active when this routine is called. It used to be
-** required that a statement transaction was not active, but this restriction
-** has been removed (CREATE INDEX needs to move a page when a statement
-** transaction is active).
-**
-** If the fourth argument, isCommit, is non-zero, then this page is being
-** moved as part of a database reorganization just before the transaction 
-** is being committed. In this case, it is guaranteed that the database page 
-** pPg refers to will not be written to again within this transaction.
-**
-** This function may return SQLITE_NOMEM or an IO error code if an error
-** occurs. Otherwise, it returns SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, int isCommit){
-  PgHdr *pPgOld;               /* The page being overwritten. */
-  Pgno needSyncPgno = 0;       /* Old value of pPg->pgno, if sync is required */
-  int rc;                      /* Return code */
-  Pgno origPgno;               /* The original page number */
-
-  assert( pPg->nRef>0 );
-
-  /* In order to be able to rollback, an in-memory database must journal
-  ** the page we are moving from.
-  */
-  if( MEMDB ){
-    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPg);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* If the page being moved is dirty and has not been saved by the latest
-  ** savepoint, then save the current contents of the page into the 
-  ** sub-journal now. This is required to handle the following scenario:
-  **
-  **   BEGIN;
-  **     <journal page X, then modify it in memory>
-  **     SAVEPOINT one;
-  **       <Move page X to location Y>
-  **     ROLLBACK TO one;
-  **
-  ** If page X were not written to the sub-journal here, it would not
-  ** be possible to restore its contents when the "ROLLBACK TO one"
-  ** statement were is processed.
-  **
-  ** subjournalPage() may need to allocate space to store pPg->pgno into
-  ** one or more savepoint bitvecs. This is the reason this function
-  ** may return SQLITE_NOMEM.
-  */
-  if( pPg->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY
-   && subjRequiresPage(pPg)
-   && SQLITE_OK!=(rc = subjournalPage(pPg))
-  ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  PAGERTRACE(("MOVE %d page %d (needSync=%d) moves to %d\n", 
-      PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno, (pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)?1:0, pgno));
-  IOTRACE(("MOVE %p %d %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno, pgno))
-
-  /* If the journal needs to be sync()ed before page pPg->pgno can
-  ** be written to, store pPg->pgno in local variable needSyncPgno.
-  **
-  ** If the isCommit flag is set, there is no need to remember that
-  ** the journal needs to be sync()ed before database page pPg->pgno 
-  ** can be written to. The caller has already promised not to write to it.
-  */
-  if( (pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC) && !isCommit ){
-    needSyncPgno = pPg->pgno;
-    assert( pageInJournal(pPg) || pPg->pgno>pPager->dbOrigSize );
-    assert( pPg->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY );
-    assert( pPager->needSync );
-  }
-
-  /* If the cache contains a page with page-number pgno, remove it
-  ** from its hash chain. Also, if the PgHdr.needSync was set for 
-  ** page pgno before the 'move' operation, it needs to be retained 
-  ** for the page moved there.
-  */
-  pPg->flags &= ~PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
-  pPgOld = pager_lookup(pPager, pgno);
-  assert( !pPgOld || pPgOld->nRef==1 );
-  if( pPgOld ){
-    pPg->flags |= (pPgOld->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC);
-    if( MEMDB ){
-      /* Do not discard pages from an in-memory database since we might
-      ** need to rollback later.  Just move the page out of the way. */
-      assert( pPager->dbSizeValid );
-      sqlite3PcacheMove(pPgOld, pPager->dbSize+1);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3PcacheDrop(pPgOld);
-    }
-  }
-
-  origPgno = pPg->pgno;
-  sqlite3PcacheMove(pPg, pgno);
-  sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty(pPg);
-  pPager->dbModified = 1;
-
-  if( needSyncPgno ){
-    /* If needSyncPgno is non-zero, then the journal file needs to be 
-    ** sync()ed before any data is written to database file page needSyncPgno.
-    ** Currently, no such page exists in the page-cache and the 
-    ** "is journaled" bitvec flag has been set. This needs to be remedied by
-    ** loading the page into the pager-cache and setting the PgHdr.needSync 
-    ** flag.
-    **
-    ** If the attempt to load the page into the page-cache fails, (due
-    ** to a malloc() or IO failure), clear the bit in the pInJournal[]
-    ** array. Otherwise, if the page is loaded and written again in
-    ** this transaction, it may be written to the database file before
-    ** it is synced into the journal file. This way, it may end up in
-    ** the journal file twice, but that is not a problem.
-    **
-    ** The sqlite3PagerGet() call may cause the journal to sync. So make
-    ** sure the Pager.needSync flag is set too.
-    */
-    PgHdr *pPgHdr;
-    assert( pPager->needSync );
-    rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, needSyncPgno, &pPgHdr);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      if( needSyncPgno<=pPager->dbOrigSize ){
-        assert( pPager->pTmpSpace!=0 );
-        sqlite3BitvecClear(pPager->pInJournal, needSyncPgno, pPager->pTmpSpace);
-      }
-      return rc;
-    }
-    pPager->needSync = 1;
-    assert( pPager->noSync==0 && !MEMDB );
-    pPgHdr->flags |= PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
-    sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty(pPgHdr);
-    sqlite3PagerUnref(pPgHdr);
-  }
-
-  /*
-  ** For an in-memory database, make sure the original page continues
-  ** to exist, in case the transaction needs to roll back.  Use pPgOld
-  ** as the original page since it has already been allocated.
-  */
-  if( MEMDB ){
-    sqlite3PcacheMove(pPgOld, origPgno);
-    sqlite3PagerUnref(pPgOld);
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the data for the specified page.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetData(DbPage *pPg){
-  assert( pPg->nRef>0 || pPg->pPager->memDb );
-  return pPg->pData;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the Pager.nExtra bytes of "extra" space 
-** allocated along with the specified page.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetExtra(DbPage *pPg){
-  return pPg->pExtra;
-}
-
-/*
-** Get/set the locking-mode for this pager. Parameter eMode must be one
-** of PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_QUERY, PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL or 
-** PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE. If the parameter is not _QUERY, then
-** the locking-mode is set to the value specified.
-**
-** The returned value is either PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL or
-** PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE, indicating the current (possibly updated)
-** locking-mode.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerLockingMode(Pager *pPager, int eMode){
-  assert( eMode==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_QUERY
-            || eMode==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL
-            || eMode==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE );
-  assert( PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_QUERY<0 );
-  assert( PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL>=0 && PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE>=0 );
-  if( eMode>=0 && !pPager->tempFile ){
-    pPager->exclusiveMode = (u8)eMode;
-  }
-  return (int)pPager->exclusiveMode;
-}
-
-/*
-** Get/set the journal-mode for this pager. Parameter eMode must be one of:
-**
-**    PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY
-**    PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE
-**    PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE
-**    PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
-**    PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
-**    PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY
-**
-** If the parameter is not _QUERY, then the journal_mode is set to the
-** value specified if the change is allowed.  The change is disallowed
-** for the following reasons:
-**
-**   *  An in-memory database can only have its journal_mode set to _OFF
-**      or _MEMORY.
-**
-**   *  The journal mode may not be changed while a transaction is active.
-**
-** The returned indicate the current (possibly updated) journal-mode.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerJournalMode(Pager *pPager, int eMode){
-  assert( eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY
-            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE
-            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE
-            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
-            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
-            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY );
-  assert( PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY<0 );
-  if( eMode>=0
-   && (!MEMDB || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY 
-              || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF)
-   && !pPager->dbModified
-   && (!isOpen(pPager->jfd) || 0==pPager->journalOff)
-  ){
-    if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-      sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
-    }
-    pPager->journalMode = (u8)eMode;
-  }
-  return (int)pPager->journalMode;
-}
-
-/*
-** Get/set the size-limit used for persistent journal files.
-**
-** Setting the size limit to -1 means no limit is enforced.
-** An attempt to set a limit smaller than -1 is a no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3PagerJournalSizeLimit(Pager *pPager, i64 iLimit){
-  if( iLimit>=-1 ){
-    pPager->journalSizeLimit = iLimit;
-  }
-  return pPager->journalSizeLimit;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the pPager->pBackup variable. The backup module
-** in backup.c maintains the content of this variable. This module
-** uses it opaquely as an argument to sqlite3BackupRestart() and
-** sqlite3BackupUpdate() only.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_backup **sqlite3PagerBackupPtr(Pager *pPager){
-  return &pPager->pBackup;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO */
-
-/************** End of pager.c ***********************************************/
-/************** Begin file btmutex.c *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 August 27
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains code used to implement mutexes on Btree objects.
-** This code really belongs in btree.c.  But btree.c is getting too
-** big and we want to break it down some.  This packaged seemed like
-** a good breakout.
-*/
-/************** Include btreeInt.h in the middle of btmutex.c ****************/
-/************** Begin file btreeInt.h ****************************************/
-/*
-** 2004 April 6
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file implements a external (disk-based) database using BTrees.
-** For a detailed discussion of BTrees, refer to
-**
-**     Donald E. Knuth, THE ART OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, Volume 3:
-**     "Sorting And Searching", pages 473-480. Addison-Wesley
-**     Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts.
-**
-** The basic idea is that each page of the file contains N database
-** entries and N+1 pointers to subpages.
-**
-**   ----------------------------------------------------------------
-**   |  Ptr(0) | Key(0) | Ptr(1) | Key(1) | ... | Key(N-1) | Ptr(N) |
-**   ----------------------------------------------------------------
-**
-** All of the keys on the page that Ptr(0) points to have values less
-** than Key(0).  All of the keys on page Ptr(1) and its subpages have
-** values greater than Key(0) and less than Key(1).  All of the keys
-** on Ptr(N) and its subpages have values greater than Key(N-1).  And
-** so forth.
-**
-** Finding a particular key requires reading O(log(M)) pages from the 
-** disk where M is the number of entries in the tree.
-**
-** In this implementation, a single file can hold one or more separate 
-** BTrees.  Each BTree is identified by the index of its root page.  The
-** key and data for any entry are combined to form the "payload".  A
-** fixed amount of payload can be carried directly on the database
-** page.  If the payload is larger than the preset amount then surplus
-** bytes are stored on overflow pages.  The payload for an entry
-** and the preceding pointer are combined to form a "Cell".  Each 
-** page has a small header which contains the Ptr(N) pointer and other
-** information such as the size of key and data.
-**
-** FORMAT DETAILS
-**
-** The file is divided into pages.  The first page is called page 1,
-** the second is page 2, and so forth.  A page number of zero indicates
-** "no such page".  The page size can be any power of 2 between 512 and 32768.
-** Each page can be either a btree page, a freelist page, an overflow
-** page, or a pointer-map page.
-**
-** The first page is always a btree page.  The first 100 bytes of the first
-** page contain a special header (the "file header") that describes the file.
-** The format of the file header is as follows:
-**
-**   OFFSET   SIZE    DESCRIPTION
-**      0      16     Header string: "SQLite format 3\000"
-**     16       2     Page size in bytes.  
-**     18       1     File format write version
-**     19       1     File format read version
-**     20       1     Bytes of unused space at the end of each page
-**     21       1     Max embedded payload fraction
-**     22       1     Min embedded payload fraction
-**     23       1     Min leaf payload fraction
-**     24       4     File change counter
-**     28       4     Reserved for future use
-**     32       4     First freelist page
-**     36       4     Number of freelist pages in the file
-**     40      60     15 4-byte meta values passed to higher layers
-**
-**     40       4     Schema cookie
-**     44       4     File format of schema layer
-**     48       4     Size of page cache
-**     52       4     Largest root-page (auto/incr_vacuum)
-**     56       4     1=UTF-8 2=UTF16le 3=UTF16be
-**     60       4     User version
-**     64       4     Incremental vacuum mode
-**     68       4     unused
-**     72       4     unused
-**     76       4     unused
-**
-** All of the integer values are big-endian (most significant byte first).
-**
-** The file change counter is incremented when the database is changed
-** This counter allows other processes to know when the file has changed
-** and thus when they need to flush their cache.
-**
-** The max embedded payload fraction is the amount of the total usable
-** space in a page that can be consumed by a single cell for standard
-** B-tree (non-LEAFDATA) tables.  A value of 255 means 100%.  The default
-** is to limit the maximum cell size so that at least 4 cells will fit
-** on one page.  Thus the default max embedded payload fraction is 64.
-**
-** If the payload for a cell is larger than the max payload, then extra
-** payload is spilled to overflow pages.  Once an overflow page is allocated,
-** as many bytes as possible are moved into the overflow pages without letting
-** the cell size drop below the min embedded payload fraction.
-**
-** The min leaf payload fraction is like the min embedded payload fraction
-** except that it applies to leaf nodes in a LEAFDATA tree.  The maximum
-** payload fraction for a LEAFDATA tree is always 100% (or 255) and it
-** not specified in the header.
-**
-** Each btree pages is divided into three sections:  The header, the
-** cell pointer array, and the cell content area.  Page 1 also has a 100-byte
-** file header that occurs before the page header.
-**
-**      |----------------|
-**      | file header    |   100 bytes.  Page 1 only.
-**      |----------------|
-**      | page header    |   8 bytes for leaves.  12 bytes for interior nodes
-**      |----------------|
-**      | cell pointer   |   |  2 bytes per cell.  Sorted order.
-**      | array          |   |  Grows downward
-**      |                |   v
-**      |----------------|
-**      | unallocated    |
-**      | space          |
-**      |----------------|   ^  Grows upwards
-**      | cell content   |   |  Arbitrary order interspersed with freeblocks.
-**      | area           |   |  and free space fragments.
-**      |----------------|
-**
-** The page headers looks like this:
-**
-**   OFFSET   SIZE     DESCRIPTION
-**      0       1      Flags. 1: intkey, 2: zerodata, 4: leafdata, 8: leaf
-**      1       2      byte offset to the first freeblock
-**      3       2      number of cells on this page
-**      5       2      first byte of the cell content area
-**      7       1      number of fragmented free bytes
-**      8       4      Right child (the Ptr(N) value).  Omitted on leaves.
-**
-** The flags define the format of this btree page.  The leaf flag means that
-** this page has no children.  The zerodata flag means that this page carries
-** only keys and no data.  The intkey flag means that the key is a integer
-** which is stored in the key size entry of the cell header rather than in
-** the payload area.
-**
-** The cell pointer array begins on the first byte after the page header.
-** The cell pointer array contains zero or more 2-byte numbers which are
-** offsets from the beginning of the page to the cell content in the cell
-** content area.  The cell pointers occur in sorted order.  The system strives
-** to keep free space after the last cell pointer so that new cells can
-** be easily added without having to defragment the page.
-**
-** Cell content is stored at the very end of the page and grows toward the
-** beginning of the page.
-**
-** Unused space within the cell content area is collected into a linked list of
-** freeblocks.  Each freeblock is at least 4 bytes in size.  The byte offset
-** to the first freeblock is given in the header.  Freeblocks occur in
-** increasing order.  Because a freeblock must be at least 4 bytes in size,
-** any group of 3 or fewer unused bytes in the cell content area cannot
-** exist on the freeblock chain.  A group of 3 or fewer free bytes is called
-** a fragment.  The total number of bytes in all fragments is recorded.
-** in the page header at offset 7.
-**
-**    SIZE    DESCRIPTION
-**      2     Byte offset of the next freeblock
-**      2     Bytes in this freeblock
-**
-** Cells are of variable length.  Cells are stored in the cell content area at
-** the end of the page.  Pointers to the cells are in the cell pointer array
-** that immediately follows the page header.  Cells is not necessarily
-** contiguous or in order, but cell pointers are contiguous and in order.
-**
-** Cell content makes use of variable length integers.  A variable
-** length integer is 1 to 9 bytes where the lower 7 bits of each 
-** byte are used.  The integer consists of all bytes that have bit 8 set and
-** the first byte with bit 8 clear.  The most significant byte of the integer
-** appears first.  A variable-length integer may not be more than 9 bytes long.
-** As a special case, all 8 bytes of the 9th byte are used as data.  This
-** allows a 64-bit integer to be encoded in 9 bytes.
-**
-**    0x00                      becomes  0x00000000
-**    0x7f                      becomes  0x0000007f
-**    0x81 0x00                 becomes  0x00000080
-**    0x82 0x00                 becomes  0x00000100
-**    0x80 0x7f                 becomes  0x0000007f
-**    0x8a 0x91 0xd1 0xac 0x78  becomes  0x12345678
-**    0x81 0x81 0x81 0x81 0x01  becomes  0x10204081
-**
-** Variable length integers are used for rowids and to hold the number of
-** bytes of key and data in a btree cell.
-**
-** The content of a cell looks like this:
-**
-**    SIZE    DESCRIPTION
-**      4     Page number of the left child. Omitted if leaf flag is set.
-**     var    Number of bytes of data. Omitted if the zerodata flag is set.
-**     var    Number of bytes of key. Or the key itself if intkey flag is set.
-**      *     Payload
-**      4     First page of the overflow chain.  Omitted if no overflow
-**
-** Overflow pages form a linked list.  Each page except the last is completely
-** filled with data (pagesize - 4 bytes).  The last page can have as little
-** as 1 byte of data.
-**
-**    SIZE    DESCRIPTION
-**      4     Page number of next overflow page
-**      *     Data
-**
-** Freelist pages come in two subtypes: trunk pages and leaf pages.  The
-** file header points to the first in a linked list of trunk page.  Each trunk
-** page points to multiple leaf pages.  The content of a leaf page is
-** unspecified.  A trunk page looks like this:
-**
-**    SIZE    DESCRIPTION
-**      4     Page number of next trunk page
-**      4     Number of leaf pointers on this page
-**      *     zero or more pages numbers of leaves
-*/
-
-
-/* The following value is the maximum cell size assuming a maximum page
-** size give above.
-*/
-#define MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt)  (pBt->pageSize-8)
-
-/* The maximum number of cells on a single page of the database.  This
-** assumes a minimum cell size of 6 bytes  (4 bytes for the cell itself
-** plus 2 bytes for the index to the cell in the page header).  Such
-** small cells will be rare, but they are possible.
-*/
-#define MX_CELL(pBt) ((pBt->pageSize-8)/6)
-
-/* Forward declarations */
-typedef struct MemPage MemPage;
-typedef struct BtLock BtLock;
-
-/*
-** This is a magic string that appears at the beginning of every
-** SQLite database in order to identify the file as a real database.
-**
-** You can change this value at compile-time by specifying a
-** -DSQLITE_FILE_HEADER="..." on the compiler command-line.  The
-** header must be exactly 16 bytes including the zero-terminator so
-** the string itself should be 15 characters long.  If you change
-** the header, then your custom library will not be able to read 
-** databases generated by the standard tools and the standard tools
-** will not be able to read databases created by your custom library.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_FILE_HEADER /* 123456789 123456 */
-#  define SQLITE_FILE_HEADER "SQLite format 3"
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Page type flags.  An ORed combination of these flags appear as the
-** first byte of on-disk image of every BTree page.
-*/
-#define PTF_INTKEY    0x01
-#define PTF_ZERODATA  0x02
-#define PTF_LEAFDATA  0x04
-#define PTF_LEAF      0x08
-
-/*
-** As each page of the file is loaded into memory, an instance of the following
-** structure is appended and initialized to zero.  This structure stores
-** information about the page that is decoded from the raw file page.
-**
-** The pParent field points back to the parent page.  This allows us to
-** walk up the BTree from any leaf to the root.  Care must be taken to
-** unref() the parent page pointer when this page is no longer referenced.
-** The pageDestructor() routine handles that chore.
-**
-** Access to all fields of this structure is controlled by the mutex
-** stored in MemPage.pBt->mutex.
-*/
-struct MemPage {
-  u8 isInit;           /* True if previously initialized. MUST BE FIRST! */
-  u8 nOverflow;        /* Number of overflow cell bodies in aCell[] */
-  u8 intKey;           /* True if intkey flag is set */
-  u8 leaf;             /* True if leaf flag is set */
-  u8 hasData;          /* True if this page stores data */
-  u8 hdrOffset;        /* 100 for page 1.  0 otherwise */
-  u8 childPtrSize;     /* 0 if leaf==1.  4 if leaf==0 */
-  u16 maxLocal;        /* Copy of BtShared.maxLocal or BtShared.maxLeaf */
-  u16 minLocal;        /* Copy of BtShared.minLocal or BtShared.minLeaf */
-  u16 cellOffset;      /* Index in aData of first cell pointer */
-  u16 nFree;           /* Number of free bytes on the page */
-  u16 nCell;           /* Number of cells on this page, local and ovfl */
-  u16 maskPage;        /* Mask for page offset */
-  struct _OvflCell {   /* Cells that will not fit on aData[] */
-    u8 *pCell;          /* Pointers to the body of the overflow cell */
-    u16 idx;            /* Insert this cell before idx-th non-overflow cell */
-  } aOvfl[5];
-  BtShared *pBt;       /* Pointer to BtShared that this page is part of */
-  u8 *aData;           /* Pointer to disk image of the page data */
-  DbPage *pDbPage;     /* Pager page handle */
-  Pgno pgno;           /* Page number for this page */
-};
-
-/*
-** The in-memory image of a disk page has the auxiliary information appended
-** to the end.  EXTRA_SIZE is the number of bytes of space needed to hold
-** that extra information.
-*/
-#define EXTRA_SIZE sizeof(MemPage)
-
-/*
-** A linked list of the following structures is stored at BtShared.pLock.
-** Locks are added (or upgraded from READ_LOCK to WRITE_LOCK) when a cursor 
-** is opened on the table with root page BtShared.iTable. Locks are removed
-** from this list when a transaction is committed or rolled back, or when
-** a btree handle is closed.
-*/
-struct BtLock {
-  Btree *pBtree;        /* Btree handle holding this lock */
-  Pgno iTable;          /* Root page of table */
-  u8 eLock;             /* READ_LOCK or WRITE_LOCK */
-  BtLock *pNext;        /* Next in BtShared.pLock list */
-};
-
-/* Candidate values for BtLock.eLock */
-#define READ_LOCK     1
-#define WRITE_LOCK    2
-
-/* A Btree handle
-**
-** A database connection contains a pointer to an instance of
-** this object for every database file that it has open.  This structure
-** is opaque to the database connection.  The database connection cannot
-** see the internals of this structure and only deals with pointers to
-** this structure.
-**
-** For some database files, the same underlying database cache might be 
-** shared between multiple connections.  In that case, each connection
-** has it own instance of this object.  But each instance of this object
-** points to the same BtShared object.  The database cache and the
-** schema associated with the database file are all contained within
-** the BtShared object.
-**
-** All fields in this structure are accessed under sqlite3.mutex.
-** The pBt pointer itself may not be changed while there exists cursors 
-** in the referenced BtShared that point back to this Btree since those
-** cursors have to do go through this Btree to find their BtShared and
-** they often do so without holding sqlite3.mutex.
-*/
-struct Btree {
-  sqlite3 *db;       /* The database connection holding this btree */
-  BtShared *pBt;     /* Sharable content of this btree */
-  u8 inTrans;        /* TRANS_NONE, TRANS_READ or TRANS_WRITE */
-  u8 sharable;       /* True if we can share pBt with another db */
-  u8 locked;         /* True if db currently has pBt locked */
-  int wantToLock;    /* Number of nested calls to sqlite3BtreeEnter() */
-  int nBackup;       /* Number of backup operations reading this btree */
-  Btree *pNext;      /* List of other sharable Btrees from the same db */
-  Btree *pPrev;      /* Back pointer of the same list */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  BtLock lock;       /* Object used to lock page 1 */
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** Btree.inTrans may take one of the following values.
-**
-** If the shared-data extension is enabled, there may be multiple users
-** of the Btree structure. At most one of these may open a write transaction,
-** but any number may have active read transactions.
-*/
-#define TRANS_NONE  0
-#define TRANS_READ  1
-#define TRANS_WRITE 2
-
-/*
-** An instance of this object represents a single database file.
-** 
-** A single database file can be in use as the same time by two
-** or more database connections.  When two or more connections are
-** sharing the same database file, each connection has it own
-** private Btree object for the file and each of those Btrees points
-** to this one BtShared object.  BtShared.nRef is the number of
-** connections currently sharing this database file.
-**
-** Fields in this structure are accessed under the BtShared.mutex
-** mutex, except for nRef and pNext which are accessed under the
-** global SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER mutex.  The pPager field
-** may not be modified once it is initially set as long as nRef>0.
-** The pSchema field may be set once under BtShared.mutex and
-** thereafter is unchanged as long as nRef>0.
-**
-** isPending:
-**
-**   If a BtShared client fails to obtain a write-lock on a database
-**   table (because there exists one or more read-locks on the table),
-**   the shared-cache enters 'pending-lock' state and isPending is
-**   set to true.
-**
-**   The shared-cache leaves the 'pending lock' state when either of
-**   the following occur:
-**
-**     1) The current writer (BtShared.pWriter) concludes its transaction, OR
-**     2) The number of locks held by other connections drops to zero.
-**
-**   while in the 'pending-lock' state, no connection may start a new
-**   transaction.
-**
-**   This feature is included to help prevent writer-starvation.
-*/
-struct BtShared {
-  Pager *pPager;        /* The page cache */
-  sqlite3 *db;          /* Database connection currently using this Btree */
-  BtCursor *pCursor;    /* A list of all open cursors */
-  MemPage *pPage1;      /* First page of the database */
-  u8 readOnly;          /* True if the underlying file is readonly */
-  u8 pageSizeFixed;     /* True if the page size can no longer be changed */
-  u8 secureDelete;      /* True if secure_delete is enabled */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  u8 autoVacuum;        /* True if auto-vacuum is enabled */
-  u8 incrVacuum;        /* True if incr-vacuum is enabled */
-#endif
-  u16 pageSize;         /* Total number of bytes on a page */
-  u16 usableSize;       /* Number of usable bytes on each page */
-  u16 maxLocal;         /* Maximum local payload in non-LEAFDATA tables */
-  u16 minLocal;         /* Minimum local payload in non-LEAFDATA tables */
-  u16 maxLeaf;          /* Maximum local payload in a LEAFDATA table */
-  u16 minLeaf;          /* Minimum local payload in a LEAFDATA table */
-  u8 inTransaction;     /* Transaction state */
-  int nTransaction;     /* Number of open transactions (read + write) */
-  void *pSchema;        /* Pointer to space allocated by sqlite3BtreeSchema() */
-  void (*xFreeSchema)(void*);  /* Destructor for BtShared.pSchema */
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex; /* Non-recursive mutex required to access this struct */
-  Bitvec *pHasContent;  /* Set of pages moved to free-list this transaction */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  int nRef;             /* Number of references to this structure */
-  BtShared *pNext;      /* Next on a list of sharable BtShared structs */
-  BtLock *pLock;        /* List of locks held on this shared-btree struct */
-  Btree *pWriter;       /* Btree with currently open write transaction */
-  u8 isExclusive;       /* True if pWriter has an EXCLUSIVE lock on the db */
-  u8 isPending;         /* If waiting for read-locks to clear */
-#endif
-  u8 *pTmpSpace;        /* BtShared.pageSize bytes of space for tmp use */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure is used to hold information
-** about a cell.  The parseCellPtr() function fills in this structure
-** based on information extract from the raw disk page.
-*/
-typedef struct CellInfo CellInfo;
-struct CellInfo {
-  u8 *pCell;     /* Pointer to the start of cell content */
-  i64 nKey;      /* The key for INTKEY tables, or number of bytes in key */
-  u32 nData;     /* Number of bytes of data */
-  u32 nPayload;  /* Total amount of payload */
-  u16 nHeader;   /* Size of the cell content header in bytes */
-  u16 nLocal;    /* Amount of payload held locally */
-  u16 iOverflow; /* Offset to overflow page number.  Zero if no overflow */
-  u16 nSize;     /* Size of the cell content on the main b-tree page */
-};
-
-/*
-** Maximum depth of an SQLite B-Tree structure. Any B-Tree deeper than
-** this will be declared corrupt. This value is calculated based on a
-** maximum database size of 2^31 pages a minimum fanout of 2 for a
-** root-node and 3 for all other internal nodes.
-**
-** If a tree that appears to be taller than this is encountered, it is
-** assumed that the database is corrupt.
-*/
-#define BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH 20
-
-/*
-** A cursor is a pointer to a particular entry within a particular
-** b-tree within a database file.
-**
-** The entry is identified by its MemPage and the index in
-** MemPage.aCell[] of the entry.
-**
-** A single database file can shared by two more database connections,
-** but cursors cannot be shared.  Each cursor is associated with a
-** particular database connection identified BtCursor.pBtree.db.
-**
-** Fields in this structure are accessed under the BtShared.mutex
-** found at self->pBt->mutex. 
-*/
-struct BtCursor {
-  Btree *pBtree;            /* The Btree to which this cursor belongs */
-  BtShared *pBt;            /* The BtShared this cursor points to */
-  BtCursor *pNext, *pPrev;  /* Forms a linked list of all cursors */
-  struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo; /* Argument passed to comparison function */
-  Pgno pgnoRoot;            /* The root page of this tree */
-  sqlite3_int64 cachedRowid; /* Next rowid cache.  0 means not valid */
-  CellInfo info;            /* A parse of the cell we are pointing at */
-  u8 wrFlag;                /* True if writable */
-  u8 atLast;                /* Cursor pointing to the last entry */
-  u8 validNKey;             /* True if info.nKey is valid */
-  u8 eState;                /* One of the CURSOR_XXX constants (see below) */
-  void *pKey;      /* Saved key that was cursor's last known position */
-  i64 nKey;        /* Size of pKey, or last integer key */
-  int skipNext;    /* Prev() is noop if negative. Next() is noop if positive */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-  u8 isIncrblobHandle;      /* True if this cursor is an incr. io handle */
-  Pgno *aOverflow;          /* Cache of overflow page locations */
-#endif
-  i16 iPage;                            /* Index of current page in apPage */
-  MemPage *apPage[BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH];  /* Pages from root to current page */
-  u16 aiIdx[BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH];        /* Current index in apPage[i] */
-};
-
-/*
-** Potential values for BtCursor.eState.
-**
-** CURSOR_VALID:
-**   Cursor points to a valid entry. getPayload() etc. may be called.
-**
-** CURSOR_INVALID:
-**   Cursor does not point to a valid entry. This can happen (for example) 
-**   because the table is empty or because BtreeCursorFirst() has not been
-**   called.
-**
-** CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK:
-**   The table that this cursor was opened on still exists, but has been 
-**   modified since the cursor was last used. The cursor position is saved
-**   in variables BtCursor.pKey and BtCursor.nKey. When a cursor is in 
-**   this state, restoreCursorPosition() can be called to attempt to
-**   seek the cursor to the saved position.
-**
-** CURSOR_FAULT:
-**   A unrecoverable error (an I/O error or a malloc failure) has occurred
-**   on a different connection that shares the BtShared cache with this
-**   cursor.  The error has left the cache in an inconsistent state.
-**   Do nothing else with this cursor.  Any attempt to use the cursor
-**   should return the error code stored in BtCursor.skip
-*/
-#define CURSOR_INVALID           0
-#define CURSOR_VALID             1
-#define CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK       2
-#define CURSOR_FAULT             3
-
-/* 
-** The database page the PENDING_BYTE occupies. This page is never used.
-*/
-# define PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pBt)
-
-/*
-** These macros define the location of the pointer-map entry for a 
-** database page. The first argument to each is the number of usable
-** bytes on each page of the database (often 1024). The second is the
-** page number to look up in the pointer map.
-**
-** PTRMAP_PAGENO returns the database page number of the pointer-map
-** page that stores the required pointer. PTRMAP_PTROFFSET returns
-** the offset of the requested map entry.
-**
-** If the pgno argument passed to PTRMAP_PAGENO is a pointer-map page,
-** then pgno is returned. So (pgno==PTRMAP_PAGENO(pgsz, pgno)) can be
-** used to test if pgno is a pointer-map page. PTRMAP_ISPAGE implements
-** this test.
-*/
-#define PTRMAP_PAGENO(pBt, pgno) ptrmapPageno(pBt, pgno)
-#define PTRMAP_PTROFFSET(pgptrmap, pgno) (5*(pgno-pgptrmap-1))
-#define PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, pgno) (PTRMAP_PAGENO((pBt),(pgno))==(pgno))
-
-/*
-** The pointer map is a lookup table that identifies the parent page for
-** each child page in the database file.  The parent page is the page that
-** contains a pointer to the child.  Every page in the database contains
-** 0 or 1 parent pages.  (In this context 'database page' refers
-** to any page that is not part of the pointer map itself.)  Each pointer map
-** entry consists of a single byte 'type' and a 4 byte parent page number.
-** The PTRMAP_XXX identifiers below are the valid types.
-**
-** The purpose of the pointer map is to facility moving pages from one
-** position in the file to another as part of autovacuum.  When a page
-** is moved, the pointer in its parent must be updated to point to the
-** new location.  The pointer map is used to locate the parent page quickly.
-**
-** PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE: The database page is a root-page. The page-number is not
-**                  used in this case.
-**
-** PTRMAP_FREEPAGE: The database page is an unused (free) page. The page-number 
-**                  is not used in this case.
-**
-** PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1: The database page is the first page in a list of 
-**                   overflow pages. The page number identifies the page that
-**                   contains the cell with a pointer to this overflow page.
-**
-** PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2: The database page is the second or later page in a list of
-**                   overflow pages. The page-number identifies the previous
-**                   page in the overflow page list.
-**
-** PTRMAP_BTREE: The database page is a non-root btree page. The page number
-**               identifies the parent page in the btree.
-*/
-#define PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE 1
-#define PTRMAP_FREEPAGE 2
-#define PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1 3
-#define PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2 4
-#define PTRMAP_BTREE 5
-
-/* A bunch of assert() statements to check the transaction state variables
-** of handle p (type Btree*) are internally consistent.
-*/
-#define btreeIntegrity(p) \
-  assert( p->pBt->inTransaction!=TRANS_NONE || p->pBt->nTransaction==0 ); \
-  assert( p->pBt->inTransaction>=p->inTrans ); 
-
-
-/*
-** The ISAUTOVACUUM macro is used within balance_nonroot() to determine
-** if the database supports auto-vacuum or not. Because it is used
-** within an expression that is an argument to another macro 
-** (sqliteMallocRaw), it is not possible to use conditional compilation.
-** So, this macro is defined instead.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-#define ISAUTOVACUUM (pBt->autoVacuum)
-#else
-#define ISAUTOVACUUM 0
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** This structure is passed around through all the sanity checking routines
-** in order to keep track of some global state information.
-*/
-typedef struct IntegrityCk IntegrityCk;
-struct IntegrityCk {
-  BtShared *pBt;    /* The tree being checked out */
-  Pager *pPager;    /* The associated pager.  Also accessible by pBt->pPager */
-  Pgno nPage;       /* Number of pages in the database */
-  int *anRef;       /* Number of times each page is referenced */
-  int mxErr;        /* Stop accumulating errors when this reaches zero */
-  int nErr;         /* Number of messages written to zErrMsg so far */
-  int mallocFailed; /* A memory allocation error has occurred */
-  StrAccum errMsg;  /* Accumulate the error message text here */
-};
-
-/*
-** Read or write a two- and four-byte big-endian integer values.
-*/
-#define get2byte(x)   ((x)[0]<<8 | (x)[1])
-#define put2byte(p,v) ((p)[0] = (u8)((v)>>8), (p)[1] = (u8)(v))
-#define get4byte sqlite3Get4byte
-#define put4byte sqlite3Put4byte
-
-/************** End of btreeInt.h ********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in btmutex.c ********************/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-
-/*
-** Obtain the BtShared mutex associated with B-Tree handle p. Also,
-** set BtShared.db to the database handle associated with p and the
-** p->locked boolean to true.
-*/
-static void lockBtreeMutex(Btree *p){
-  assert( p->locked==0 );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_notheld(p->pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pBt->mutex);
-  p->pBt->db = p->db;
-  p->locked = 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Release the BtShared mutex associated with B-Tree handle p and
-** clear the p->locked boolean.
-*/
-static void unlockBtreeMutex(Btree *p){
-  assert( p->locked==1 );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-  assert( p->db==p->pBt->db );
-
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->pBt->mutex);
-  p->locked = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Enter a mutex on the given BTree object.
-**
-** If the object is not sharable, then no mutex is ever required
-** and this routine is a no-op.  The underlying mutex is non-recursive.
-** But we keep a reference count in Btree.wantToLock so the behavior
-** of this interface is recursive.
-**
-** To avoid deadlocks, multiple Btrees are locked in the same order
-** by all database connections.  The p->pNext is a list of other
-** Btrees belonging to the same database connection as the p Btree
-** which need to be locked after p.  If we cannot get a lock on
-** p, then first unlock all of the others on p->pNext, then wait
-** for the lock to become available on p, then relock all of the
-** subsequent Btrees that desire a lock.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeEnter(Btree *p){
-  Btree *pLater;
-
-  /* Some basic sanity checking on the Btree.  The list of Btrees
-  ** connected by pNext and pPrev should be in sorted order by
-  ** Btree.pBt value. All elements of the list should belong to
-  ** the same connection. Only shared Btrees are on the list. */
-  assert( p->pNext==0 || p->pNext->pBt>p->pBt );
-  assert( p->pPrev==0 || p->pPrev->pBt<p->pBt );
-  assert( p->pNext==0 || p->pNext->db==p->db );
-  assert( p->pPrev==0 || p->pPrev->db==p->db );
-  assert( p->sharable || (p->pNext==0 && p->pPrev==0) );
-
-  /* Check for locking consistency */
-  assert( !p->locked || p->wantToLock>0 );
-  assert( p->sharable || p->wantToLock==0 );
-
-  /* We should already hold a lock on the database connection */
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-
-  /* Unless the database is sharable and unlocked, then BtShared.db
-  ** should already be set correctly. */
-  assert( (p->locked==0 && p->sharable) || p->pBt->db==p->db );
-
-  if( !p->sharable ) return;
-  p->wantToLock++;
-  if( p->locked ) return;
-
-  /* In most cases, we should be able to acquire the lock we
-  ** want without having to go throught the ascending lock
-  ** procedure that follows.  Just be sure not to block.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3_mutex_try(p->pBt->mutex)==SQLITE_OK ){
-    p->pBt->db = p->db;
-    p->locked = 1;
-    return;
-  }
-
-  /* To avoid deadlock, first release all locks with a larger
-  ** BtShared address.  Then acquire our lock.  Then reacquire
-  ** the other BtShared locks that we used to hold in ascending
-  ** order.
-  */
-  for(pLater=p->pNext; pLater; pLater=pLater->pNext){
-    assert( pLater->sharable );
-    assert( pLater->pNext==0 || pLater->pNext->pBt>pLater->pBt );
-    assert( !pLater->locked || pLater->wantToLock>0 );
-    if( pLater->locked ){
-      unlockBtreeMutex(pLater);
-    }
-  }
-  lockBtreeMutex(p);
-  for(pLater=p->pNext; pLater; pLater=pLater->pNext){
-    if( pLater->wantToLock ){
-      lockBtreeMutex(pLater);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Exit the recursive mutex on a Btree.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeLeave(Btree *p){
-  if( p->sharable ){
-    assert( p->wantToLock>0 );
-    p->wantToLock--;
-    if( p->wantToLock==0 ){
-      unlockBtreeMutex(p);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/*
-** Return true if the BtShared mutex is held on the btree, or if the
-** B-Tree is not marked as sharable.
-**
-** This routine is used only from within assert() statements.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(Btree *p){
-  assert( p->sharable==0 || p->locked==0 || p->wantToLock>0 );
-  assert( p->sharable==0 || p->locked==0 || p->db==p->pBt->db );
-  assert( p->sharable==0 || p->locked==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( p->sharable==0 || p->locked==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-
-  return (p->sharable==0 || p->locked);
-}
-#endif
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-/*
-** Enter and leave a mutex on a Btree given a cursor owned by that
-** Btree.  These entry points are used by incremental I/O and can be
-** omitted if that module is not used.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeEnterCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(pCur->pBtree);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeLeaveCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(pCur->pBtree);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB */
-
-
-/*
-** Enter the mutex on every Btree associated with a database
-** connection.  This is needed (for example) prior to parsing
-** a statement since we will be comparing table and column names
-** against all schemas and we do not want those schemas being
-** reset out from under us.
-**
-** There is a corresponding leave-all procedures.
-**
-** Enter the mutexes in accending order by BtShared pointer address
-** to avoid the possibility of deadlock when two threads with
-** two or more btrees in common both try to lock all their btrees
-** at the same instant.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(sqlite3 *db){
-  int i;
-  Btree *p, *pLater;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-    assert( !p || (p->locked==0 && p->sharable) || p->pBt->db==p->db );
-    if( p && p->sharable ){
-      p->wantToLock++;
-      if( !p->locked ){
-        assert( p->wantToLock==1 );
-        while( p->pPrev ) p = p->pPrev;
-        /* Reason for ALWAYS:  There must be at least on unlocked Btree in
-        ** the chain.  Otherwise the !p->locked test above would have failed */
-        while( p->locked && ALWAYS(p->pNext) ) p = p->pNext;
-        for(pLater = p->pNext; pLater; pLater=pLater->pNext){
-          if( pLater->locked ){
-            unlockBtreeMutex(pLater);
-          }
-        }
-        while( p ){
-          lockBtreeMutex(p);
-          p = p->pNext;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(sqlite3 *db){
-  int i;
-  Btree *p;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-    if( p && p->sharable ){
-      assert( p->wantToLock>0 );
-      p->wantToLock--;
-      if( p->wantToLock==0 ){
-        unlockBtreeMutex(p);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/*
-** Return true if the current thread holds the database connection
-** mutex and all required BtShared mutexes.
-**
-** This routine is used inside assert() statements only.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(sqlite3 *db){
-  int i;
-  if( !sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    Btree *p;
-    p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-    if( p && p->sharable &&
-         (p->wantToLock==0 || !sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pBt->mutex)) ){
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
-
-/*
-** Add a new Btree pointer to a BtreeMutexArray. 
-** if the pointer can possibly be shared with
-** another database connection.
-**
-** The pointers are kept in sorted order by pBtree->pBt.  That
-** way when we go to enter all the mutexes, we can enter them
-** in order without every having to backup and retry and without
-** worrying about deadlock.
-**
-** The number of shared btrees will always be small (usually 0 or 1)
-** so an insertion sort is an adequate algorithm here.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayInsert(BtreeMutexArray *pArray, Btree *pBtree){
-  int i, j;
-  BtShared *pBt;
-  if( pBtree==0 || pBtree->sharable==0 ) return;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  {
-    for(i=0; i<pArray->nMutex; i++){
-      assert( pArray->aBtree[i]!=pBtree );
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  assert( pArray->nMutex>=0 );
-  assert( pArray->nMutex<ArraySize(pArray->aBtree)-1 );
-  pBt = pBtree->pBt;
-  for(i=0; i<pArray->nMutex; i++){
-    assert( pArray->aBtree[i]!=pBtree );
-    if( pArray->aBtree[i]->pBt>pBt ){
-      for(j=pArray->nMutex; j>i; j--){
-        pArray->aBtree[j] = pArray->aBtree[j-1];
-      }
-      pArray->aBtree[i] = pBtree;
-      pArray->nMutex++;
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  pArray->aBtree[pArray->nMutex++] = pBtree;
-}
-
-/*
-** Enter the mutex of every btree in the array.  This routine is
-** called at the beginning of sqlite3VdbeExec().  The mutexes are
-** exited at the end of the same function.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayEnter(BtreeMutexArray *pArray){
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<pArray->nMutex; i++){
-    Btree *p = pArray->aBtree[i];
-    /* Some basic sanity checking */
-    assert( i==0 || pArray->aBtree[i-1]->pBt<p->pBt );
-    assert( !p->locked || p->wantToLock>0 );
-
-    /* We should already hold a lock on the database connection */
-    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-
-    /* The Btree is sharable because only sharable Btrees are entered
-    ** into the array in the first place. */
-    assert( p->sharable );
-
-    p->wantToLock++;
-    if( !p->locked ){
-      lockBtreeMutex(p);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Leave the mutex of every btree in the group.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(BtreeMutexArray *pArray){
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<pArray->nMutex; i++){
-    Btree *p = pArray->aBtree[i];
-    /* Some basic sanity checking */
-    assert( i==0 || pArray->aBtree[i-1]->pBt<p->pBt );
-    assert( p->locked );
-    assert( p->wantToLock>0 );
-
-    /* We should already hold a lock on the database connection */
-    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-
-    p->wantToLock--;
-    if( p->wantToLock==0 ){
-      unlockBtreeMutex(p);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-#else
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeEnter(Btree *p){
-  p->pBt->db = p->db;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(sqlite3 *db){
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    Btree *p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-    if( p ){
-      p->pBt->db = p->db;
-    }
-  }
-}
-#endif /* if SQLITE_THREADSAFE */
-#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */
-
-/************** End of btmutex.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file btree.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2004 April 6
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file implements a external (disk-based) database using BTrees.
-** See the header comment on "btreeInt.h" for additional information.
-** Including a description of file format and an overview of operation.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The header string that appears at the beginning of every
-** SQLite database.
-*/
-static const char zMagicHeader[] = SQLITE_FILE_HEADER;
-
-/*
-** Set this global variable to 1 to enable tracing using the TRACE
-** macro.
-*/
-#if 0
-int sqlite3BtreeTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
-# define TRACE(X)  if(sqlite3BtreeTrace){printf X;fflush(stdout);}
-#else
-# define TRACE(X)
-#endif
-
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-/*
-** A list of BtShared objects that are eligible for participation
-** in shared cache.  This variable has file scope during normal builds,
-** but the test harness needs to access it so we make it global for 
-** test builds.
-**
-** Access to this variable is protected by SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE BtShared *SQLITE_WSD sqlite3SharedCacheList = 0;
-#else
-static BtShared *SQLITE_WSD sqlite3SharedCacheList = 0;
-#endif
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-/*
-** Enable or disable the shared pager and schema features.
-**
-** This routine has no effect on existing database connections.
-** The shared cache setting effects only future calls to
-** sqlite3_open(), sqlite3_open16(), or sqlite3_open_v2().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int enable){
-  sqlite3GlobalConfig.sharedCacheEnabled = enable;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif
-
-
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  /*
-  ** The functions querySharedCacheTableLock(), setSharedCacheTableLock(),
-  ** and clearAllSharedCacheTableLocks()
-  ** manipulate entries in the BtShared.pLock linked list used to store
-  ** shared-cache table level locks. If the library is compiled with the
-  ** shared-cache feature disabled, then there is only ever one user
-  ** of each BtShared structure and so this locking is not necessary. 
-  ** So define the lock related functions as no-ops.
-  */
-  #define querySharedCacheTableLock(a,b,c) SQLITE_OK
-  #define setSharedCacheTableLock(a,b,c) SQLITE_OK
-  #define clearAllSharedCacheTableLocks(a)
-  #define downgradeAllSharedCacheTableLocks(a)
-  #define hasSharedCacheTableLock(a,b,c,d) 1
-  #define hasReadConflicts(a, b) 0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-**** This function is only used as part of an assert() statement. ***
-**
-** Check to see if pBtree holds the required locks to read or write to the 
-** table with root page iRoot.   Return 1 if it does and 0 if not.
-**
-** For example, when writing to a table with root-page iRoot via 
-** Btree connection pBtree:
-**
-**    assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(pBtree, iRoot, 0, WRITE_LOCK) );
-**
-** When writing to an index that resides in a sharable database, the 
-** caller should have first obtained a lock specifying the root page of
-** the corresponding table. This makes things a bit more complicated,
-** as this module treats each table as a separate structure. To determine
-** the table corresponding to the index being written, this
-** function has to search through the database schema.
-**
-** Instead of a lock on the table/index rooted at page iRoot, the caller may
-** hold a write-lock on the schema table (root page 1). This is also
-** acceptable.
-*/
-static int hasSharedCacheTableLock(
-  Btree *pBtree,         /* Handle that must hold lock */
-  Pgno iRoot,            /* Root page of b-tree */
-  int isIndex,           /* True if iRoot is the root of an index b-tree */
-  int eLockType          /* Required lock type (READ_LOCK or WRITE_LOCK) */
-){
-  Schema *pSchema = (Schema *)pBtree->pBt->pSchema;
-  Pgno iTab = 0;
-  BtLock *pLock;
-
-  /* If this database is not shareable, or if the client is reading
-  ** and has the read-uncommitted flag set, then no lock is required. 
-  ** Return true immediately.
-  */
-  if( (pBtree->sharable==0)
-   || (eLockType==READ_LOCK && (pBtree->db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommitted))
-  ){
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  /* If the client is reading  or writing an index and the schema is
-  ** not loaded, then it is too difficult to actually check to see if
-  ** the correct locks are held.  So do not bother - just return true.
-  ** This case does not come up very often anyhow.
-  */
-  if( isIndex && (!pSchema || (pSchema->flags&DB_SchemaLoaded)==0) ){
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Figure out the root-page that the lock should be held on. For table
-  ** b-trees, this is just the root page of the b-tree being read or
-  ** written. For index b-trees, it is the root page of the associated
-  ** table.  */
-  if( isIndex ){
-    HashElem *p;
-    for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->idxHash); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
-      Index *pIdx = (Index *)sqliteHashData(p);
-      if( pIdx->tnum==(int)iRoot ){
-        iTab = pIdx->pTable->tnum;
-      }
-    }
-  }else{
-    iTab = iRoot;
-  }
-
-  /* Search for the required lock. Either a write-lock on root-page iTab, a 
-  ** write-lock on the schema table, or (if the client is reading) a
-  ** read-lock on iTab will suffice. Return 1 if any of these are found.  */
-  for(pLock=pBtree->pBt->pLock; pLock; pLock=pLock->pNext){
-    if( pLock->pBtree==pBtree 
-     && (pLock->iTable==iTab || (pLock->eLock==WRITE_LOCK && pLock->iTable==1))
-     && pLock->eLock>=eLockType 
-    ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Failed to find the required lock. */
-  return 0;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-**** This function may be used as part of assert() statements only. ****
-**
-** Return true if it would be illegal for pBtree to write into the
-** table or index rooted at iRoot because other shared connections are
-** simultaneously reading that same table or index.
-**
-** It is illegal for pBtree to write if some other Btree object that
-** shares the same BtShared object is currently reading or writing
-** the iRoot table.  Except, if the other Btree object has the
-** read-uncommitted flag set, then it is OK for the other object to
-** have a read cursor.
-**
-** For example, before writing to any part of the table or index
-** rooted at page iRoot, one should call:
-**
-**    assert( !hasReadConflicts(pBtree, iRoot) );
-*/
-static int hasReadConflicts(Btree *pBtree, Pgno iRoot){
-  BtCursor *p;
-  for(p=pBtree->pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
-    if( p->pgnoRoot==iRoot 
-     && p->pBtree!=pBtree
-     && 0==(p->pBtree->db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommitted)
-    ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-#endif    /* #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG */
-
-/*
-** Query to see if Btree handle p may obtain a lock of type eLock 
-** (READ_LOCK or WRITE_LOCK) on the table with root-page iTab. Return
-** SQLITE_OK if the lock may be obtained (by calling
-** setSharedCacheTableLock()), or SQLITE_LOCKED if not.
-*/
-static int querySharedCacheTableLock(Btree *p, Pgno iTab, u8 eLock){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  BtLock *pIter;
-
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
-  assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
-  assert( p->db!=0 );
-  assert( !(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted)||eLock==WRITE_LOCK||iTab==1 );
-  
-  /* If requesting a write-lock, then the Btree must have an open write
-  ** transaction on this file. And, obviously, for this to be so there 
-  ** must be an open write transaction on the file itself.
-  */
-  assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || (p==pBt->pWriter && p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE) );
-  assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
-  
-  /* This routine is a no-op if the shared-cache is not enabled */
-  if( !p->sharable ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  /* If some other connection is holding an exclusive lock, the
-  ** requested lock may not be obtained.
-  */
-  if( pBt->pWriter!=p && pBt->isExclusive ){
-    sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(p->db, pBt->pWriter->db);
-    return SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE;
-  }
-
-  for(pIter=pBt->pLock; pIter; pIter=pIter->pNext){
-    /* The condition (pIter->eLock!=eLock) in the following if(...) 
-    ** statement is a simplification of:
-    **
-    **   (eLock==WRITE_LOCK || pIter->eLock==WRITE_LOCK)
-    **
-    ** since we know that if eLock==WRITE_LOCK, then no other connection
-    ** may hold a WRITE_LOCK on any table in this file (since there can
-    ** only be a single writer).
-    */
-    assert( pIter->eLock==READ_LOCK || pIter->eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
-    assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || pIter->pBtree==p || pIter->eLock==READ_LOCK);
-    if( pIter->pBtree!=p && pIter->iTable==iTab && pIter->eLock!=eLock ){
-      sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(p->db, pIter->pBtree->db);
-      if( eLock==WRITE_LOCK ){
-        assert( p==pBt->pWriter );
-        pBt->isPending = 1;
-      }
-      return SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE;
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-/*
-** Add a lock on the table with root-page iTable to the shared-btree used
-** by Btree handle p. Parameter eLock must be either READ_LOCK or 
-** WRITE_LOCK.
-**
-** This function assumes the following:
-**
-**   (a) The specified Btree object p is connected to a sharable
-**       database (one with the BtShared.sharable flag set), and
-**
-**   (b) No other Btree objects hold a lock that conflicts
-**       with the requested lock (i.e. querySharedCacheTableLock() has
-**       already been called and returned SQLITE_OK).
-**
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if the lock is added successfully. SQLITE_NOMEM 
-** is returned if a malloc attempt fails.
-*/
-static int setSharedCacheTableLock(Btree *p, Pgno iTable, u8 eLock){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  BtLock *pLock = 0;
-  BtLock *pIter;
-
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
-  assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
-  assert( p->db!=0 );
-
-  /* A connection with the read-uncommitted flag set will never try to
-  ** obtain a read-lock using this function. The only read-lock obtained
-  ** by a connection in read-uncommitted mode is on the sqlite_master 
-  ** table, and that lock is obtained in BtreeBeginTrans().  */
-  assert( 0==(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted) || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
-
-  /* This function should only be called on a sharable b-tree after it 
-  ** has been determined that no other b-tree holds a conflicting lock.  */
-  assert( p->sharable );
-  assert( SQLITE_OK==querySharedCacheTableLock(p, iTable, eLock) );
-
-  /* First search the list for an existing lock on this table. */
-  for(pIter=pBt->pLock; pIter; pIter=pIter->pNext){
-    if( pIter->iTable==iTable && pIter->pBtree==p ){
-      pLock = pIter;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If the above search did not find a BtLock struct associating Btree p
-  ** with table iTable, allocate one and link it into the list.
-  */
-  if( !pLock ){
-    pLock = (BtLock *)sqlite3MallocZero(sizeof(BtLock));
-    if( !pLock ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    pLock->iTable = iTable;
-    pLock->pBtree = p;
-    pLock->pNext = pBt->pLock;
-    pBt->pLock = pLock;
-  }
-
-  /* Set the BtLock.eLock variable to the maximum of the current lock
-  ** and the requested lock. This means if a write-lock was already held
-  ** and a read-lock requested, we don't incorrectly downgrade the lock.
-  */
-  assert( WRITE_LOCK>READ_LOCK );
-  if( eLock>pLock->eLock ){
-    pLock->eLock = eLock;
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-/*
-** Release all the table locks (locks obtained via calls to
-** the setSharedCacheTableLock() procedure) held by Btree object p.
-**
-** This function assumes that Btree p has an open read or write 
-** transaction. If it does not, then the BtShared.isPending variable
-** may be incorrectly cleared.
-*/
-static void clearAllSharedCacheTableLocks(Btree *p){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  BtLock **ppIter = &pBt->pLock;
-
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
-  assert( p->sharable || 0==*ppIter );
-  assert( p->inTrans>0 );
-
-  while( *ppIter ){
-    BtLock *pLock = *ppIter;
-    assert( pBt->isExclusive==0 || pBt->pWriter==pLock->pBtree );
-    assert( pLock->pBtree->inTrans>=pLock->eLock );
-    if( pLock->pBtree==p ){
-      *ppIter = pLock->pNext;
-      assert( pLock->iTable!=1 || pLock==&p->lock );
-      if( pLock->iTable!=1 ){
-        sqlite3_free(pLock);
-      }
-    }else{
-      ppIter = &pLock->pNext;
-    }
-  }
-
-  assert( pBt->isPending==0 || pBt->pWriter );
-  if( pBt->pWriter==p ){
-    pBt->pWriter = 0;
-    pBt->isExclusive = 0;
-    pBt->isPending = 0;
-  }else if( pBt->nTransaction==2 ){
-    /* This function is called when Btree p is concluding its 
-    ** transaction. If there currently exists a writer, and p is not
-    ** that writer, then the number of locks held by connections other
-    ** than the writer must be about to drop to zero. In this case
-    ** set the isPending flag to 0.
-    **
-    ** If there is not currently a writer, then BtShared.isPending must
-    ** be zero already. So this next line is harmless in that case.
-    */
-    pBt->isPending = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function changes all write-locks held by Btree p into read-locks.
-*/
-static void downgradeAllSharedCacheTableLocks(Btree *p){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  if( pBt->pWriter==p ){
-    BtLock *pLock;
-    pBt->pWriter = 0;
-    pBt->isExclusive = 0;
-    pBt->isPending = 0;
-    for(pLock=pBt->pLock; pLock; pLock=pLock->pNext){
-      assert( pLock->eLock==READ_LOCK || pLock->pBtree==p );
-      pLock->eLock = READ_LOCK;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */
-
-static void releasePage(MemPage *pPage);  /* Forward reference */
-
-/*
-***** This routine is used inside of assert() only ****
-**
-** Verify that the cursor holds the mutex on its BtShared
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-static int cursorHoldsMutex(BtCursor *p){
-  return sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pBt->mutex);
-}
-#endif
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-/*
-** Invalidate the overflow page-list cache for cursor pCur, if any.
-*/
-static void invalidateOverflowCache(BtCursor *pCur){
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  sqlite3_free(pCur->aOverflow);
-  pCur->aOverflow = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Invalidate the overflow page-list cache for all cursors opened
-** on the shared btree structure pBt.
-*/
-static void invalidateAllOverflowCache(BtShared *pBt){
-  BtCursor *p;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  for(p=pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
-    invalidateOverflowCache(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called before modifying the contents of a table
-** to invalidate any incrblob cursors that are open on the
-** row or one of the rows being modified.
-**
-** If argument isClearTable is true, then the entire contents of the
-** table is about to be deleted. In this case invalidate all incrblob
-** cursors open on any row within the table with root-page pgnoRoot.
-**
-** Otherwise, if argument isClearTable is false, then the row with
-** rowid iRow is being replaced or deleted. In this case invalidate
-** only those incrblob cursors open on that specific row.
-*/
-static void invalidateIncrblobCursors(
-  Btree *pBtree,          /* The database file to check */
-  i64 iRow,               /* The rowid that might be changing */
-  int isClearTable        /* True if all rows are being deleted */
-){
-  BtCursor *p;
-  BtShared *pBt = pBtree->pBt;
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(pBtree) );
-  for(p=pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
-    if( p->isIncrblobHandle && (isClearTable || p->info.nKey==iRow) ){
-      p->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-#else
-  /* Stub functions when INCRBLOB is omitted */
-  #define invalidateOverflowCache(x)
-  #define invalidateAllOverflowCache(x)
-  #define invalidateIncrblobCursors(x,y,z)
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB */
-
-/*
-** Set bit pgno of the BtShared.pHasContent bitvec. This is called 
-** when a page that previously contained data becomes a free-list leaf 
-** page.
-**
-** The BtShared.pHasContent bitvec exists to work around an obscure
-** bug caused by the interaction of two useful IO optimizations surrounding
-** free-list leaf pages:
-**
-**   1) When all data is deleted from a page and the page becomes
-**      a free-list leaf page, the page is not written to the database
-**      (as free-list leaf pages contain no meaningful data). Sometimes
-**      such a page is not even journalled (as it will not be modified,
-**      why bother journalling it?).
-**
-**   2) When a free-list leaf page is reused, its content is not read
-**      from the database or written to the journal file (why should it
-**      be, if it is not at all meaningful?).
-**
-** By themselves, these optimizations work fine and provide a handy
-** performance boost to bulk delete or insert operations. However, if
-** a page is moved to the free-list and then reused within the same
-** transaction, a problem comes up. If the page is not journalled when
-** it is moved to the free-list and it is also not journalled when it
-** is extracted from the free-list and reused, then the original data
-** may be lost. In the event of a rollback, it may not be possible
-** to restore the database to its original configuration.
-**
-** The solution is the BtShared.pHasContent bitvec. Whenever a page is 
-** moved to become a free-list leaf page, the corresponding bit is
-** set in the bitvec. Whenever a leaf page is extracted from the free-list,
-** optimization 2 above is omitted if the corresponding bit is already
-** set in BtShared.pHasContent. The contents of the bitvec are cleared
-** at the end of every transaction.
-*/
-static int btreeSetHasContent(BtShared *pBt, Pgno pgno){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( !pBt->pHasContent ){
-    int nPage = 100;
-    sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPage);
-    /* If sqlite3PagerPagecount() fails there is no harm because the
-    ** nPage variable is unchanged from its default value of 100 */
-    pBt->pHasContent = sqlite3BitvecCreate((u32)nPage);
-    if( !pBt->pHasContent ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pgno<=sqlite3BitvecSize(pBt->pHasContent) ){
-    rc = sqlite3BitvecSet(pBt->pHasContent, pgno);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Query the BtShared.pHasContent vector.
-**
-** This function is called when a free-list leaf page is removed from the
-** free-list for reuse. It returns false if it is safe to retrieve the
-** page from the pager layer with the 'no-content' flag set. True otherwise.
-*/
-static int btreeGetHasContent(BtShared *pBt, Pgno pgno){
-  Bitvec *p = pBt->pHasContent;
-  return (p && (pgno>sqlite3BitvecSize(p) || sqlite3BitvecTest(p, pgno)));
-}
-
-/*
-** Clear (destroy) the BtShared.pHasContent bitvec. This should be
-** invoked at the conclusion of each write-transaction.
-*/
-static void btreeClearHasContent(BtShared *pBt){
-  sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pBt->pHasContent);
-  pBt->pHasContent = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Save the current cursor position in the variables BtCursor.nKey 
-** and BtCursor.pKey. The cursor's state is set to CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK.
-**
-** The caller must ensure that the cursor is valid (has eState==CURSOR_VALID)
-** prior to calling this routine.  
-*/
-static int saveCursorPosition(BtCursor *pCur){
-  int rc;
-
-  assert( CURSOR_VALID==pCur->eState );
-  assert( 0==pCur->pKey );
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pCur, &pCur->nKey);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );  /* KeySize() cannot fail */
-
-  /* If this is an intKey table, then the above call to BtreeKeySize()
-  ** stores the integer key in pCur->nKey. In this case this value is
-  ** all that is required. Otherwise, if pCur is not open on an intKey
-  ** table, then malloc space for and store the pCur->nKey bytes of key 
-  ** data.
-  */
-  if( 0==pCur->apPage[0]->intKey ){
-    void *pKey = sqlite3Malloc( (int)pCur->nKey );
-    if( pKey ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeKey(pCur, 0, (int)pCur->nKey, pKey);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        pCur->pKey = pKey;
-      }else{
-        sqlite3_free(pKey);
-      }
-    }else{
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-  }
-  assert( !pCur->apPage[0]->intKey || !pCur->pKey );
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<=pCur->iPage; i++){
-      releasePage(pCur->apPage[i]);
-      pCur->apPage[i] = 0;
-    }
-    pCur->iPage = -1;
-    pCur->eState = CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK;
-  }
-
-  invalidateOverflowCache(pCur);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Save the positions of all cursors (except pExcept) that are open on
-** the table  with root-page iRoot. Usually, this is called just before cursor
-** pExcept is used to modify the table (BtreeDelete() or BtreeInsert()).
-*/
-static int saveAllCursors(BtShared *pBt, Pgno iRoot, BtCursor *pExcept){
-  BtCursor *p;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( pExcept==0 || pExcept->pBt==pBt );
-  for(p=pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
-    if( p!=pExcept && (0==iRoot || p->pgnoRoot==iRoot) && 
-        p->eState==CURSOR_VALID ){
-      int rc = saveCursorPosition(p);
-      if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ){
-        return rc;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Clear the current cursor position.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  sqlite3_free(pCur->pKey);
-  pCur->pKey = 0;
-  pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-}
-
-/*
-** In this version of BtreeMoveto, pKey is a packed index record
-** such as is generated by the OP_MakeRecord opcode.  Unpack the
-** record and then call BtreeMovetoUnpacked() to do the work.
-*/
-static int btreeMoveto(
-  BtCursor *pCur,     /* Cursor open on the btree to be searched */
-  const void *pKey,   /* Packed key if the btree is an index */
-  i64 nKey,           /* Integer key for tables.  Size of pKey for indices */
-  int bias,           /* Bias search to the high end */
-  int *pRes           /* Write search results here */
-){
-  int rc;                    /* Status code */
-  UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey;   /* Unpacked index key */
-  char aSpace[150];          /* Temp space for pIdxKey - to avoid a malloc */
-
-  if( pKey ){
-    assert( nKey==(i64)(int)nKey );
-    pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(pCur->pKeyInfo, (int)nKey, pKey,
-                                      aSpace, sizeof(aSpace));
-    if( pIdxKey==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else{
-    pIdxKey = 0;
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pCur, pIdxKey, nKey, bias, pRes);
-  if( pKey ){
-    sqlite3VdbeDeleteUnpackedRecord(pIdxKey);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Restore the cursor to the position it was in (or as close to as possible)
-** when saveCursorPosition() was called. Note that this call deletes the 
-** saved position info stored by saveCursorPosition(), so there can be
-** at most one effective restoreCursorPosition() call after each 
-** saveCursorPosition().
-*/
-static int btreeRestoreCursorPosition(BtCursor *pCur){
-  int rc;
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
-  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
-    return pCur->skipNext;
-  }
-  pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-  rc = btreeMoveto(pCur, pCur->pKey, pCur->nKey, 0, &pCur->skipNext);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_free(pCur->pKey);
-    pCur->pKey = 0;
-    assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID );
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#define restoreCursorPosition(p) \
-  (p->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ? \
-         btreeRestoreCursorPosition(p) : \
-         SQLITE_OK)
-
-/*
-** Determine whether or not a cursor has moved from the position it
-** was last placed at.  Cursors can move when the row they are pointing
-** at is deleted out from under them.
-**
-** This routine returns an error code if something goes wrong.  The
-** integer *pHasMoved is set to one if the cursor has moved and 0 if not.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(BtCursor *pCur, int *pHasMoved){
-  int rc;
-
-  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
-  if( rc ){
-    *pHasMoved = 1;
-    return rc;
-  }
-  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID || pCur->skipNext!=0 ){
-    *pHasMoved = 1;
-  }else{
-    *pHasMoved = 0;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-/*
-** Given a page number of a regular database page, return the page
-** number for the pointer-map page that contains the entry for the
-** input page number.
-*/
-static Pgno ptrmapPageno(BtShared *pBt, Pgno pgno){
-  int nPagesPerMapPage;
-  Pgno iPtrMap, ret;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  nPagesPerMapPage = (pBt->usableSize/5)+1;
-  iPtrMap = (pgno-2)/nPagesPerMapPage;
-  ret = (iPtrMap*nPagesPerMapPage) + 2; 
-  if( ret==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
-    ret++;
-  }
-  return ret;
-}
-
-/*
-** Write an entry into the pointer map.
-**
-** This routine updates the pointer map entry for page number 'key'
-** so that it maps to type 'eType' and parent page number 'pgno'.
-**
-** If *pRC is initially non-zero (non-SQLITE_OK) then this routine is
-** a no-op.  If an error occurs, the appropriate error code is written
-** into *pRC.
-*/
-static void ptrmapPut(BtShared *pBt, Pgno key, u8 eType, Pgno parent, int *pRC){
-  DbPage *pDbPage;  /* The pointer map page */
-  u8 *pPtrmap;      /* The pointer map data */
-  Pgno iPtrmap;     /* The pointer map page number */
-  int offset;       /* Offset in pointer map page */
-  int rc;           /* Return code from subfunctions */
-
-  if( *pRC ) return;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  /* The master-journal page number must never be used as a pointer map page */
-  assert( 0==PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt)) );
-
-  assert( pBt->autoVacuum );
-  if( key==0 ){
-    *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    return;
-  }
-  iPtrmap = PTRMAP_PAGENO(pBt, key);
-  rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pBt->pPager, iPtrmap, &pDbPage);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    *pRC = rc;
-    return;
-  }
-  offset = PTRMAP_PTROFFSET(iPtrmap, key);
-  if( offset<0 ){
-    *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    goto ptrmap_exit;
-  }
-  pPtrmap = (u8 *)sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage);
-
-  if( eType!=pPtrmap[offset] || get4byte(&pPtrmap[offset+1])!=parent ){
-    TRACE(("PTRMAP_UPDATE: %d->(%d,%d)\n", key, eType, parent));
-    *pRC= rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pDbPage);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pPtrmap[offset] = eType;
-      put4byte(&pPtrmap[offset+1], parent);
-    }
-  }
-
-ptrmap_exit:
-  sqlite3PagerUnref(pDbPage);
-}
-
-/*
-** Read an entry from the pointer map.
-**
-** This routine retrieves the pointer map entry for page 'key', writing
-** the type and parent page number to *pEType and *pPgno respectively.
-** An error code is returned if something goes wrong, otherwise SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-static int ptrmapGet(BtShared *pBt, Pgno key, u8 *pEType, Pgno *pPgno){
-  DbPage *pDbPage;   /* The pointer map page */
-  int iPtrmap;       /* Pointer map page index */
-  u8 *pPtrmap;       /* Pointer map page data */
-  int offset;        /* Offset of entry in pointer map */
-  int rc;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-
-  iPtrmap = PTRMAP_PAGENO(pBt, key);
-  rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pBt->pPager, iPtrmap, &pDbPage);
-  if( rc!=0 ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  pPtrmap = (u8 *)sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage);
-
-  offset = PTRMAP_PTROFFSET(iPtrmap, key);
-  assert( pEType!=0 );
-  *pEType = pPtrmap[offset];
-  if( pPgno ) *pPgno = get4byte(&pPtrmap[offset+1]);
-
-  sqlite3PagerUnref(pDbPage);
-  if( *pEType<1 || *pEType>5 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#else /* if defined SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM */
-  #define ptrmapPut(w,x,y,z,rc)
-  #define ptrmapGet(w,x,y,z) SQLITE_OK
-  #define ptrmapPutOvflPtr(x, y, rc)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Given a btree page and a cell index (0 means the first cell on
-** the page, 1 means the second cell, and so forth) return a pointer
-** to the cell content.
-**
-** This routine works only for pages that do not contain overflow cells.
-*/
-#define findCell(P,I) \
-  ((P)->aData + ((P)->maskPage & get2byte(&(P)->aData[(P)->cellOffset+2*(I)])))
-
-/*
-** This a more complex version of findCell() that works for
-** pages that do contain overflow cells.
-*/
-static u8 *findOverflowCell(MemPage *pPage, int iCell){
-  int i;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  for(i=pPage->nOverflow-1; i>=0; i--){
-    int k;
-    struct _OvflCell *pOvfl;
-    pOvfl = &pPage->aOvfl[i];
-    k = pOvfl->idx;
-    if( k<=iCell ){
-      if( k==iCell ){
-        return pOvfl->pCell;
-      }
-      iCell--;
-    }
-  }
-  return findCell(pPage, iCell);
-}
-
-/*
-** Parse a cell content block and fill in the CellInfo structure.  There
-** are two versions of this function.  btreeParseCell() takes a 
-** cell index as the second argument and btreeParseCellPtr() 
-** takes a pointer to the body of the cell as its second argument.
-**
-** Within this file, the parseCell() macro can be called instead of
-** btreeParseCellPtr(). Using some compilers, this will be faster.
-*/
-static void btreeParseCellPtr(
-  MemPage *pPage,         /* Page containing the cell */
-  u8 *pCell,              /* Pointer to the cell text. */
-  CellInfo *pInfo         /* Fill in this structure */
-){
-  u16 n;                  /* Number bytes in cell content header */
-  u32 nPayload;           /* Number of bytes of cell payload */
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-
-  pInfo->pCell = pCell;
-  assert( pPage->leaf==0 || pPage->leaf==1 );
-  n = pPage->childPtrSize;
-  assert( n==4-4*pPage->leaf );
-  if( pPage->intKey ){
-    if( pPage->hasData ){
-      n += getVarint32(&pCell[n], nPayload);
-    }else{
-      nPayload = 0;
-    }
-    n += getVarint(&pCell[n], (u64*)&pInfo->nKey);
-    pInfo->nData = nPayload;
-  }else{
-    pInfo->nData = 0;
-    n += getVarint32(&pCell[n], nPayload);
-    pInfo->nKey = nPayload;
-  }
-  pInfo->nPayload = nPayload;
-  pInfo->nHeader = n;
-  testcase( nPayload==pPage->maxLocal );
-  testcase( nPayload==pPage->maxLocal+1 );
-  if( likely(nPayload<=pPage->maxLocal) ){
-    /* This is the (easy) common case where the entire payload fits
-    ** on the local page.  No overflow is required.
-    */
-    int nSize;          /* Total size of cell content in bytes */
-    nSize = nPayload + n;
-    pInfo->nLocal = (u16)nPayload;
-    pInfo->iOverflow = 0;
-    if( (nSize & ~3)==0 ){
-      nSize = 4;        /* Minimum cell size is 4 */
-    }
-    pInfo->nSize = (u16)nSize;
-  }else{
-    /* If the payload will not fit completely on the local page, we have
-    ** to decide how much to store locally and how much to spill onto
-    ** overflow pages.  The strategy is to minimize the amount of unused
-    ** space on overflow pages while keeping the amount of local storage
-    ** in between minLocal and maxLocal.
-    **
-    ** Warning:  changing the way overflow payload is distributed in any
-    ** way will result in an incompatible file format.
-    */
-    int minLocal;  /* Minimum amount of payload held locally */
-    int maxLocal;  /* Maximum amount of payload held locally */
-    int surplus;   /* Overflow payload available for local storage */
-
-    minLocal = pPage->minLocal;
-    maxLocal = pPage->maxLocal;
-    surplus = minLocal + (nPayload - minLocal)%(pPage->pBt->usableSize - 4);
-    testcase( surplus==maxLocal );
-    testcase( surplus==maxLocal+1 );
-    if( surplus <= maxLocal ){
-      pInfo->nLocal = (u16)surplus;
-    }else{
-      pInfo->nLocal = (u16)minLocal;
-    }
-    pInfo->iOverflow = (u16)(pInfo->nLocal + n);
-    pInfo->nSize = pInfo->iOverflow + 4;
-  }
-}
-#define parseCell(pPage, iCell, pInfo) \
-  btreeParseCellPtr((pPage), findCell((pPage), (iCell)), (pInfo))
-static void btreeParseCell(
-  MemPage *pPage,         /* Page containing the cell */
-  int iCell,              /* The cell index.  First cell is 0 */
-  CellInfo *pInfo         /* Fill in this structure */
-){
-  parseCell(pPage, iCell, pInfo);
-}
-
-/*
-** Compute the total number of bytes that a Cell needs in the cell
-** data area of the btree-page.  The return number includes the cell
-** data header and the local payload, but not any overflow page or
-** the space used by the cell pointer.
-*/
-static u16 cellSizePtr(MemPage *pPage, u8 *pCell){
-  u8 *pIter = &pCell[pPage->childPtrSize];
-  u32 nSize;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  /* The value returned by this function should always be the same as
-  ** the (CellInfo.nSize) value found by doing a full parse of the
-  ** cell. If SQLITE_DEBUG is defined, an assert() at the bottom of
-  ** this function verifies that this invariant is not violated. */
-  CellInfo debuginfo;
-  btreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCell, &debuginfo);
-#endif
-
-  if( pPage->intKey ){
-    u8 *pEnd;
-    if( pPage->hasData ){
-      pIter += getVarint32(pIter, nSize);
-    }else{
-      nSize = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* pIter now points at the 64-bit integer key value, a variable length 
-    ** integer. The following block moves pIter to point at the first byte
-    ** past the end of the key value. */
-    pEnd = &pIter[9];
-    while( (*pIter++)&0x80 && pIter<pEnd );
-  }else{
-    pIter += getVarint32(pIter, nSize);
-  }
-
-  testcase( nSize==pPage->maxLocal );
-  testcase( nSize==pPage->maxLocal+1 );
-  if( nSize>pPage->maxLocal ){
-    int minLocal = pPage->minLocal;
-    nSize = minLocal + (nSize - minLocal) % (pPage->pBt->usableSize - 4);
-    testcase( nSize==pPage->maxLocal );
-    testcase( nSize==pPage->maxLocal+1 );
-    if( nSize>pPage->maxLocal ){
-      nSize = minLocal;
-    }
-    nSize += 4;
-  }
-  nSize += (u32)(pIter - pCell);
-
-  /* The minimum size of any cell is 4 bytes. */
-  if( nSize<4 ){
-    nSize = 4;
-  }
-
-  assert( nSize==debuginfo.nSize );
-  return (u16)nSize;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/* This variation on cellSizePtr() is used inside of assert() statements
-** only. */
-static u16 cellSize(MemPage *pPage, int iCell){
-  return cellSizePtr(pPage, findCell(pPage, iCell));
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-/*
-** If the cell pCell, part of page pPage contains a pointer
-** to an overflow page, insert an entry into the pointer-map
-** for the overflow page.
-*/
-static void ptrmapPutOvflPtr(MemPage *pPage, u8 *pCell, int *pRC){
-  CellInfo info;
-  if( *pRC ) return;
-  assert( pCell!=0 );
-  btreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCell, &info);
-  assert( (info.nData+(pPage->intKey?0:info.nKey))==info.nPayload );
-  if( info.iOverflow ){
-    Pgno ovfl = get4byte(&pCell[info.iOverflow]);
-    ptrmapPut(pPage->pBt, ovfl, PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1, pPage->pgno, pRC);
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Defragment the page given.  All Cells are moved to the
-** end of the page and all free space is collected into one
-** big FreeBlk that occurs in between the header and cell
-** pointer array and the cell content area.
-*/
-static int defragmentPage(MemPage *pPage){
-  int i;                     /* Loop counter */
-  int pc;                    /* Address of a i-th cell */
-  int hdr;                   /* Offset to the page header */
-  int size;                  /* Size of a cell */
-  int usableSize;            /* Number of usable bytes on a page */
-  int cellOffset;            /* Offset to the cell pointer array */
-  int cbrk;                  /* Offset to the cell content area */
-  int nCell;                 /* Number of cells on the page */
-  unsigned char *data;       /* The page data */
-  unsigned char *temp;       /* Temp area for cell content */
-  int iCellFirst;            /* First allowable cell index */
-  int iCellLast;             /* Last possible cell index */
-
-
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-  assert( pPage->pBt!=0 );
-  assert( pPage->pBt->usableSize <= SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE );
-  assert( pPage->nOverflow==0 );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  temp = sqlite3PagerTempSpace(pPage->pBt->pPager);
-  data = pPage->aData;
-  hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
-  cellOffset = pPage->cellOffset;
-  nCell = pPage->nCell;
-  assert( nCell==get2byte(&data[hdr+3]) );
-  usableSize = pPage->pBt->usableSize;
-  cbrk = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
-  memcpy(&temp[cbrk], &data[cbrk], usableSize - cbrk);
-  cbrk = usableSize;
-  iCellFirst = cellOffset + 2*nCell;
-  iCellLast = usableSize - 4;
-  for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
-    u8 *pAddr;     /* The i-th cell pointer */
-    pAddr = &data[cellOffset + i*2];
-    pc = get2byte(pAddr);
-    testcase( pc==iCellFirst );
-    testcase( pc==iCellLast );
-#if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK)
-    /* These conditions have already been verified in btreeInitPage()
-    ** if SQLITE_ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK is defined 
-    */
-    if( pc<iCellFirst || pc>iCellLast ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-#endif
-    assert( pc>=iCellFirst && pc<=iCellLast );
-    size = cellSizePtr(pPage, &temp[pc]);
-    cbrk -= size;
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK)
-    if( cbrk<iCellFirst ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-#else
-    if( cbrk<iCellFirst || pc+size>usableSize ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-#endif
-    assert( cbrk+size<=usableSize && cbrk>=iCellFirst );
-    testcase( cbrk+size==usableSize );
-    testcase( pc+size==usableSize );
-    memcpy(&data[cbrk], &temp[pc], size);
-    put2byte(pAddr, cbrk);
-  }
-  assert( cbrk>=iCellFirst );
-  put2byte(&data[hdr+5], cbrk);
-  data[hdr+1] = 0;
-  data[hdr+2] = 0;
-  data[hdr+7] = 0;
-  memset(&data[iCellFirst], 0, cbrk-iCellFirst);
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-  if( cbrk-iCellFirst!=pPage->nFree ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate nByte bytes of space from within the B-Tree page passed
-** as the first argument. Write into *pIdx the index into pPage->aData[]
-** of the first byte of allocated space. Return either SQLITE_OK or
-** an error code (usually SQLITE_CORRUPT).
-**
-** The caller guarantees that there is sufficient space to make the
-** allocation.  This routine might need to defragment in order to bring
-** all the space together, however.  This routine will avoid using
-** the first two bytes past the cell pointer area since presumably this
-** allocation is being made in order to insert a new cell, so we will
-** also end up needing a new cell pointer.
-*/
-static int allocateSpace(MemPage *pPage, int nByte, int *pIdx){
-  const int hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;    /* Local cache of pPage->hdrOffset */
-  u8 * const data = pPage->aData;      /* Local cache of pPage->aData */
-  int nFrag;                           /* Number of fragmented bytes on pPage */
-  int top;                             /* First byte of cell content area */
-  int gap;        /* First byte of gap between cell pointers and cell content */
-  int rc;         /* Integer return code */
-  int usableSize; /* Usable size of the page */
-  
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-  assert( pPage->pBt );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( nByte>=0 );  /* Minimum cell size is 4 */
-  assert( pPage->nFree>=nByte );
-  assert( pPage->nOverflow==0 );
-  usableSize = pPage->pBt->usableSize;
-  assert( nByte < usableSize-8 );
-
-  nFrag = data[hdr+7];
-  assert( pPage->cellOffset == hdr + 12 - 4*pPage->leaf );
-  gap = pPage->cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
-  top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
-  if( gap>top ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  testcase( gap+2==top );
-  testcase( gap+1==top );
-  testcase( gap==top );
-
-  if( nFrag>=60 ){
-    /* Always defragment highly fragmented pages */
-    rc = defragmentPage(pPage);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-    top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
-  }else if( gap+2<=top ){
-    /* Search the freelist looking for a free slot big enough to satisfy 
-    ** the request. The allocation is made from the first free slot in 
-    ** the list that is large enough to accomadate it.
-    */
-    int pc, addr;
-    for(addr=hdr+1; (pc = get2byte(&data[addr]))>0; addr=pc){
-      int size;            /* Size of the free slot */
-      if( pc>usableSize-4 || pc<addr+4 ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      }
-      size = get2byte(&data[pc+2]);
-      if( size>=nByte ){
-        int x = size - nByte;
-        testcase( x==4 );
-        testcase( x==3 );
-        if( x<4 ){
-          /* Remove the slot from the free-list. Update the number of
-          ** fragmented bytes within the page. */
-          memcpy(&data[addr], &data[pc], 2);
-          data[hdr+7] = (u8)(nFrag + x);
-        }else if( size+pc > usableSize ){
-          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        }else{
-          /* The slot remains on the free-list. Reduce its size to account
-          ** for the portion used by the new allocation. */
-          put2byte(&data[pc+2], x);
-        }
-        *pIdx = pc + x;
-        return SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Check to make sure there is enough space in the gap to satisfy
-  ** the allocation.  If not, defragment.
-  */
-  testcase( gap+2+nByte==top );
-  if( gap+2+nByte>top ){
-    rc = defragmentPage(pPage);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-    top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
-    assert( gap+nByte<=top );
-  }
-
-
-  /* Allocate memory from the gap in between the cell pointer array
-  ** and the cell content area.  The btreeInitPage() call has already
-  ** validated the freelist.  Given that the freelist is valid, there
-  ** is no way that the allocation can extend off the end of the page.
-  ** The assert() below verifies the previous sentence.
-  */
-  top -= nByte;
-  put2byte(&data[hdr+5], top);
-  assert( top+nByte <= pPage->pBt->usableSize );
-  *pIdx = top;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a section of the pPage->aData to the freelist.
-** The first byte of the new free block is pPage->aDisk[start]
-** and the size of the block is "size" bytes.
-**
-** Most of the effort here is involved in coalesing adjacent
-** free blocks into a single big free block.
-*/
-static int freeSpace(MemPage *pPage, int start, int size){
-  int addr, pbegin, hdr;
-  int iLast;                        /* Largest possible freeblock offset */
-  unsigned char *data = pPage->aData;
-
-  assert( pPage->pBt!=0 );
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-  assert( start>=pPage->hdrOffset+6+pPage->childPtrSize );
-  assert( (start + size)<=pPage->pBt->usableSize );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( size>=0 );   /* Minimum cell size is 4 */
-
-  if( pPage->pBt->secureDelete ){
-    /* Overwrite deleted information with zeros when the secure_delete
-    ** option is enabled */
-    memset(&data[start], 0, size);
-  }
-
-  /* Add the space back into the linked list of freeblocks.  Note that
-  ** even though the freeblock list was checked by btreeInitPage(),
-  ** btreeInitPage() did not detect overlapping cells or
-  ** freeblocks that overlapped cells.   Nor does it detect when the
-  ** cell content area exceeds the value in the page header.  If these
-  ** situations arise, then subsequent insert operations might corrupt
-  ** the freelist.  So we do need to check for corruption while scanning
-  ** the freelist.
-  */
-  hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
-  addr = hdr + 1;
-  iLast = pPage->pBt->usableSize - 4;
-  assert( start<=iLast );
-  while( (pbegin = get2byte(&data[addr]))<start && pbegin>0 ){
-    if( pbegin<addr+4 ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-    addr = pbegin;
-  }
-  if( pbegin>iLast ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  }
-  assert( pbegin>addr || pbegin==0 );
-  put2byte(&data[addr], start);
-  put2byte(&data[start], pbegin);
-  put2byte(&data[start+2], size);
-  pPage->nFree = pPage->nFree + (u16)size;
-
-  /* Coalesce adjacent free blocks */
-  addr = hdr + 1;
-  while( (pbegin = get2byte(&data[addr]))>0 ){
-    int pnext, psize, x;
-    assert( pbegin>addr );
-    assert( pbegin<=pPage->pBt->usableSize-4 );
-    pnext = get2byte(&data[pbegin]);
-    psize = get2byte(&data[pbegin+2]);
-    if( pbegin + psize + 3 >= pnext && pnext>0 ){
-      int frag = pnext - (pbegin+psize);
-      if( (frag<0) || (frag>(int)data[hdr+7]) ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      }
-      data[hdr+7] -= (u8)frag;
-      x = get2byte(&data[pnext]);
-      put2byte(&data[pbegin], x);
-      x = pnext + get2byte(&data[pnext+2]) - pbegin;
-      put2byte(&data[pbegin+2], x);
-    }else{
-      addr = pbegin;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If the cell content area begins with a freeblock, remove it. */
-  if( data[hdr+1]==data[hdr+5] && data[hdr+2]==data[hdr+6] ){
-    int top;
-    pbegin = get2byte(&data[hdr+1]);
-    memcpy(&data[hdr+1], &data[pbegin], 2);
-    top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) + get2byte(&data[pbegin+2]);
-    put2byte(&data[hdr+5], top);
-  }
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Decode the flags byte (the first byte of the header) for a page
-** and initialize fields of the MemPage structure accordingly.
-**
-** Only the following combinations are supported.  Anything different
-** indicates a corrupt database files:
-**
-**         PTF_ZERODATA
-**         PTF_ZERODATA | PTF_LEAF
-**         PTF_LEAFDATA | PTF_INTKEY
-**         PTF_LEAFDATA | PTF_INTKEY | PTF_LEAF
-*/
-static int decodeFlags(MemPage *pPage, int flagByte){
-  BtShared *pBt;     /* A copy of pPage->pBt */
-
-  assert( pPage->hdrOffset==(pPage->pgno==1 ? 100 : 0) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  pPage->leaf = (u8)(flagByte>>3);  assert( PTF_LEAF == 1<<3 );
-  flagByte &= ~PTF_LEAF;
-  pPage->childPtrSize = 4-4*pPage->leaf;
-  pBt = pPage->pBt;
-  if( flagByte==(PTF_LEAFDATA | PTF_INTKEY) ){
-    pPage->intKey = 1;
-    pPage->hasData = pPage->leaf;
-    pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLeaf;
-    pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLeaf;
-  }else if( flagByte==PTF_ZERODATA ){
-    pPage->intKey = 0;
-    pPage->hasData = 0;
-    pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLocal;
-    pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLocal;
-  }else{
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize the auxiliary information for a disk block.
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  If we see that the page does
-** not contain a well-formed database page, then return 
-** SQLITE_CORRUPT.  Note that a return of SQLITE_OK does not
-** guarantee that the page is well-formed.  It only shows that
-** we failed to detect any corruption.
-*/
-static int btreeInitPage(MemPage *pPage){
-
-  assert( pPage->pBt!=0 );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( pPage->pgno==sqlite3PagerPagenumber(pPage->pDbPage) );
-  assert( pPage == sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pPage->pDbPage) );
-  assert( pPage->aData == sqlite3PagerGetData(pPage->pDbPage) );
-
-  if( !pPage->isInit ){
-    u16 pc;            /* Address of a freeblock within pPage->aData[] */
-    u8 hdr;            /* Offset to beginning of page header */
-    u8 *data;          /* Equal to pPage->aData */
-    BtShared *pBt;        /* The main btree structure */
-    u16 usableSize;    /* Amount of usable space on each page */
-    u16 cellOffset;    /* Offset from start of page to first cell pointer */
-    u16 nFree;         /* Number of unused bytes on the page */
-    u16 top;           /* First byte of the cell content area */
-    int iCellFirst;    /* First allowable cell or freeblock offset */
-    int iCellLast;     /* Last possible cell or freeblock offset */
-
-    pBt = pPage->pBt;
-
-    hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
-    data = pPage->aData;
-    if( decodeFlags(pPage, data[hdr]) ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=32768 );
-    pPage->maskPage = pBt->pageSize - 1;
-    pPage->nOverflow = 0;
-    usableSize = pBt->usableSize;
-    pPage->cellOffset = cellOffset = hdr + 12 - 4*pPage->leaf;
-    top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
-    pPage->nCell = get2byte(&data[hdr+3]);
-    if( pPage->nCell>MX_CELL(pBt) ){
-      /* To many cells for a single page.  The page must be corrupt */
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-    testcase( pPage->nCell==MX_CELL(pBt) );
-
-    /* A malformed database page might cause us to read past the end
-    ** of page when parsing a cell.  
-    **
-    ** The following block of code checks early to see if a cell extends
-    ** past the end of a page boundary and causes SQLITE_CORRUPT to be 
-    ** returned if it does.
-    */
-    iCellFirst = cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
-    iCellLast = usableSize - 4;
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK)
-    {
-      int i;            /* Index into the cell pointer array */
-      int sz;           /* Size of a cell */
-
-      if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast--;
-      for(i=0; i<pPage->nCell; i++){
-        pc = get2byte(&data[cellOffset+i*2]);
-        testcase( pc==iCellFirst );
-        testcase( pc==iCellLast );
-        if( pc<iCellFirst || pc>iCellLast ){
-          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        }
-        sz = cellSizePtr(pPage, &data[pc]);
-        testcase( pc+sz==usableSize );
-        if( pc+sz>usableSize ){
-          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        }
-      }
-      if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast++;
-    }  
-#endif
-
-    /* Compute the total free space on the page */
-    pc = get2byte(&data[hdr+1]);
-    nFree = data[hdr+7] + top;
-    while( pc>0 ){
-      u16 next, size;
-      if( pc<iCellFirst || pc>iCellLast ){
-        /* Start of free block is off the page */
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; 
-      }
-      next = get2byte(&data[pc]);
-      size = get2byte(&data[pc+2]);
-      if( (next>0 && next<=pc+size+3) || pc+size>usableSize ){
-        /* Free blocks must be in ascending order. And the last byte of
-       ** the free-block must lie on the database page.  */
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; 
-      }
-      nFree = nFree + size;
-      pc = next;
-    }
-
-    /* At this point, nFree contains the sum of the offset to the start
-    ** of the cell-content area plus the number of free bytes within
-    ** the cell-content area. If this is greater than the usable-size
-    ** of the page, then the page must be corrupted. This check also
-    ** serves to verify that the offset to the start of the cell-content
-    ** area, according to the page header, lies within the page.
-    */
-    if( nFree>usableSize ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; 
-    }
-    pPage->nFree = (u16)(nFree - iCellFirst);
-    pPage->isInit = 1;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set up a raw page so that it looks like a database page holding
-** no entries.
-*/
-static void zeroPage(MemPage *pPage, int flags){
-  unsigned char *data = pPage->aData;
-  BtShared *pBt = pPage->pBt;
-  u8 hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
-  u16 first;
-
-  assert( sqlite3PagerPagenumber(pPage->pDbPage)==pPage->pgno );
-  assert( sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pPage->pDbPage) == (void*)pPage );
-  assert( sqlite3PagerGetData(pPage->pDbPage) == data );
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  if( pBt->secureDelete ){
-    memset(&data[hdr], 0, pBt->usableSize - hdr);
-  }
-  data[hdr] = (char)flags;
-  first = hdr + 8 + 4*((flags&PTF_LEAF)==0 ?1:0);
-  memset(&data[hdr+1], 0, 4);
-  data[hdr+7] = 0;
-  put2byte(&data[hdr+5], pBt->usableSize);
-  pPage->nFree = pBt->usableSize - first;
-  decodeFlags(pPage, flags);
-  pPage->hdrOffset = hdr;
-  pPage->cellOffset = first;
-  pPage->nOverflow = 0;
-  assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=32768 );
-  pPage->maskPage = pBt->pageSize - 1;
-  pPage->nCell = 0;
-  pPage->isInit = 1;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Convert a DbPage obtained from the pager into a MemPage used by
-** the btree layer.
-*/
-static MemPage *btreePageFromDbPage(DbPage *pDbPage, Pgno pgno, BtShared *pBt){
-  MemPage *pPage = (MemPage*)sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pDbPage);
-  pPage->aData = sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage);
-  pPage->pDbPage = pDbPage;
-  pPage->pBt = pBt;
-  pPage->pgno = pgno;
-  pPage->hdrOffset = pPage->pgno==1 ? 100 : 0;
-  return pPage; 
-}
-
-/*
-** Get a page from the pager.  Initialize the MemPage.pBt and
-** MemPage.aData elements if needed.
-**
-** If the noContent flag is set, it means that we do not care about
-** the content of the page at this time.  So do not go to the disk
-** to fetch the content.  Just fill in the content with zeros for now.
-** If in the future we call sqlite3PagerWrite() on this page, that
-** means we have started to be concerned about content and the disk
-** read should occur at that point.
-*/
-static int btreeGetPage(
-  BtShared *pBt,       /* The btree */
-  Pgno pgno,           /* Number of the page to fetch */
-  MemPage **ppPage,    /* Return the page in this parameter */
-  int noContent        /* Do not load page content if true */
-){
-  int rc;
-  DbPage *pDbPage;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  rc = sqlite3PagerAcquire(pBt->pPager, pgno, (DbPage**)&pDbPage, noContent);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-  *ppPage = btreePageFromDbPage(pDbPage, pgno, pBt);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Retrieve a page from the pager cache. If the requested page is not
-** already in the pager cache return NULL. Initialize the MemPage.pBt and
-** MemPage.aData elements if needed.
-*/
-static MemPage *btreePageLookup(BtShared *pBt, Pgno pgno){
-  DbPage *pDbPage;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  pDbPage = sqlite3PagerLookup(pBt->pPager, pgno);
-  if( pDbPage ){
-    return btreePageFromDbPage(pDbPage, pgno, pBt);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the size of the database file in pages. If there is any kind of
-** error, return ((unsigned int)-1).
-*/
-static Pgno pagerPagecount(BtShared *pBt){
-  int nPage = -1;
-  int rc;
-  assert( pBt->pPage1 );
-  rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPage);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || nPage==-1 );
-  return (Pgno)nPage;
-}
-
-/*
-** Get a page from the pager and initialize it.  This routine is just a
-** convenience wrapper around separate calls to btreeGetPage() and 
-** btreeInitPage().
-**
-** If an error occurs, then the value *ppPage is set to is undefined. It
-** may remain unchanged, or it may be set to an invalid value.
-*/
-static int getAndInitPage(
-  BtShared *pBt,          /* The database file */
-  Pgno pgno,           /* Number of the page to get */
-  MemPage **ppPage     /* Write the page pointer here */
-){
-  int rc;
-  TESTONLY( Pgno iLastPg = pagerPagecount(pBt); )
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-
-  rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, pgno, ppPage, 0);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = btreeInitPage(*ppPage);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      releasePage(*ppPage);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If the requested page number was either 0 or greater than the page
-  ** number of the last page in the database, this function should return
-  ** SQLITE_CORRUPT or some other error (i.e. SQLITE_FULL). Check that this
-  ** is the case.  */
-  assert( (pgno>0 && pgno<=iLastPg) || rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-  testcase( pgno==0 );
-  testcase( pgno==iLastPg );
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Release a MemPage.  This should be called once for each prior
-** call to btreeGetPage.
-*/
-static void releasePage(MemPage *pPage){
-  if( pPage ){
-    assert( pPage->aData );
-    assert( pPage->pBt );
-    assert( sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pPage->pDbPage) == (void*)pPage );
-    assert( sqlite3PagerGetData(pPage->pDbPage)==pPage->aData );
-    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-    sqlite3PagerUnref(pPage->pDbPage);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** During a rollback, when the pager reloads information into the cache
-** so that the cache is restored to its original state at the start of
-** the transaction, for each page restored this routine is called.
-**
-** This routine needs to reset the extra data section at the end of the
-** page to agree with the restored data.
-*/
-static void pageReinit(DbPage *pData){
-  MemPage *pPage;
-  pPage = (MemPage *)sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pData);
-  assert( sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(pData)>0 );
-  if( pPage->isInit ){
-    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-    pPage->isInit = 0;
-    if( sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(pData)>1 ){
-      /* pPage might not be a btree page;  it might be an overflow page
-      ** or ptrmap page or a free page.  In those cases, the following
-      ** call to btreeInitPage() will likely return SQLITE_CORRUPT.
-      ** But no harm is done by this.  And it is very important that
-      ** btreeInitPage() be called on every btree page so we make
-      ** the call for every page that comes in for re-initing. */
-      btreeInitPage(pPage);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Invoke the busy handler for a btree.
-*/
-static int btreeInvokeBusyHandler(void *pArg){
-  BtShared *pBt = (BtShared*)pArg;
-  assert( pBt->db );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->db->mutex) );
-  return sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(&pBt->db->busyHandler);
-}
-
-/*
-** Open a database file.
-** 
-** zFilename is the name of the database file.  If zFilename is NULL
-** a new database with a random name is created.  This randomly named
-** database file will be deleted when sqlite3BtreeClose() is called.
-** If zFilename is ":memory:" then an in-memory database is created
-** that is automatically destroyed when it is closed.
-**
-** If the database is already opened in the same database connection
-** and we are in shared cache mode, then the open will fail with an
-** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT error.  We cannot allow two or more BtShared
-** objects in the same database connection since doing so will lead
-** to problems with locking.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeOpen(
-  const char *zFilename,  /* Name of the file containing the BTree database */
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Associated database handle */
-  Btree **ppBtree,        /* Pointer to new Btree object written here */
-  int flags,              /* Options */
-  int vfsFlags            /* Flags passed through to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
-){
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;             /* The VFS to use for this btree */
-  BtShared *pBt = 0;             /* Shared part of btree structure */
-  Btree *p;                      /* Handle to return */
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutexOpen = 0;  /* Prevents a race condition. Ticket #3537 */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;            /* Result code from this function */
-  u8 nReserve;                   /* Byte of unused space on each page */
-  unsigned char zDbHeader[100];  /* Database header content */
-
-  /* Set the variable isMemdb to true for an in-memory database, or 
-  ** false for a file-based database. This symbol is only required if
-  ** either of the shared-data or autovacuum features are compiled 
-  ** into the library.
-  */
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM)
-  #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
-    const int isMemdb = 0;
-  #else
-    const int isMemdb = zFilename && !strcmp(zFilename, ":memory:");
-  #endif
-#endif
-
-  assert( db!=0 );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-
-  pVfs = db->pVfs;
-  p = sqlite3MallocZero(sizeof(Btree));
-  if( !p ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  p->inTrans = TRANS_NONE;
-  p->db = db;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  p->lock.pBtree = p;
-  p->lock.iTable = 1;
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO)
-  /*
-  ** If this Btree is a candidate for shared cache, try to find an
-  ** existing BtShared object that we can share with
-  */
-  if( isMemdb==0 && zFilename && zFilename[0] ){
-    if( vfsFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE ){
-      int nFullPathname = pVfs->mxPathname+1;
-      char *zFullPathname = sqlite3Malloc(nFullPathname);
-      sqlite3_mutex *mutexShared;
-      p->sharable = 1;
-      if( !zFullPathname ){
-        sqlite3_free(p);
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-      sqlite3OsFullPathname(pVfs, zFilename, nFullPathname, zFullPathname);
-      mutexOpen = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN);
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutexOpen);
-      mutexShared = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutexShared);
-      for(pBt=GLOBAL(BtShared*,sqlite3SharedCacheList); pBt; pBt=pBt->pNext){
-        assert( pBt->nRef>0 );
-        if( 0==strcmp(zFullPathname, sqlite3PagerFilename(pBt->pPager))
-                 && sqlite3PagerVfs(pBt->pPager)==pVfs ){
-          int iDb;
-          for(iDb=db->nDb-1; iDb>=0; iDb--){
-            Btree *pExisting = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
-            if( pExisting && pExisting->pBt==pBt ){
-              sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutexShared);
-              sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutexOpen);
-              sqlite3_free(zFullPathname);
-              sqlite3_free(p);
-              return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
-            }
-          }
-          p->pBt = pBt;
-          pBt->nRef++;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutexShared);
-      sqlite3_free(zFullPathname);
-    }
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    else{
-      /* In debug mode, we mark all persistent databases as sharable
-      ** even when they are not.  This exercises the locking code and
-      ** gives more opportunity for asserts(sqlite3_mutex_held())
-      ** statements to find locking problems.
-      */
-      p->sharable = 1;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-#endif
-  if( pBt==0 ){
-    /*
-    ** The following asserts make sure that structures used by the btree are
-    ** the right size.  This is to guard against size changes that result
-    ** when compiling on a different architecture.
-    */
-    assert( sizeof(i64)==8 || sizeof(i64)==4 );
-    assert( sizeof(u64)==8 || sizeof(u64)==4 );
-    assert( sizeof(u32)==4 );
-    assert( sizeof(u16)==2 );
-    assert( sizeof(Pgno)==4 );
-  
-    pBt = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(*pBt) );
-    if( pBt==0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      goto btree_open_out;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3PagerOpen(pVfs, &pBt->pPager, zFilename,
-                          EXTRA_SIZE, flags, vfsFlags, pageReinit);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = sqlite3PagerReadFileheader(pBt->pPager,sizeof(zDbHeader),zDbHeader);
-    }
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto btree_open_out;
-    }
-    pBt->db = db;
-    sqlite3PagerSetBusyhandler(pBt->pPager, btreeInvokeBusyHandler, pBt);
-    p->pBt = pBt;
-  
-    pBt->pCursor = 0;
-    pBt->pPage1 = 0;
-    pBt->readOnly = sqlite3PagerIsreadonly(pBt->pPager);
-#ifdef SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE
-    pBt->secureDelete = 1;
-#endif
-    pBt->pageSize = get2byte(&zDbHeader[16]);
-    if( pBt->pageSize<512 || pBt->pageSize>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
-         || ((pBt->pageSize-1)&pBt->pageSize)!=0 ){
-      pBt->pageSize = 0;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-      /* If the magic name ":memory:" will create an in-memory database, then
-      ** leave the autoVacuum mode at 0 (do not auto-vacuum), even if
-      ** SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM is true. On the other hand, if
-      ** SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB has been defined, then ":memory:" is just a
-      ** regular file-name. In this case the auto-vacuum applies as per normal.
-      */
-      if( zFilename && !isMemdb ){
-        pBt->autoVacuum = (SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM ? 1 : 0);
-        pBt->incrVacuum = (SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM==2 ? 1 : 0);
-      }
-#endif
-      nReserve = 0;
-    }else{
-      nReserve = zDbHeader[20];
-      pBt->pageSizeFixed = 1;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-      pBt->autoVacuum = (get4byte(&zDbHeader[36 + 4*4])?1:0);
-      pBt->incrVacuum = (get4byte(&zDbHeader[36 + 7*4])?1:0);
-#endif
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pBt->pPager, &pBt->pageSize, nReserve);
-    if( rc ) goto btree_open_out;
-    pBt->usableSize = pBt->pageSize - nReserve;
-    assert( (pBt->pageSize & 7)==0 );  /* 8-byte alignment of pageSize */
-   
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO)
-    /* Add the new BtShared object to the linked list sharable BtShareds.
-    */
-    if( p->sharable ){
-      sqlite3_mutex *mutexShared;
-      pBt->nRef = 1;
-      mutexShared = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-      if( SQLITE_THREADSAFE && sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex ){
-        pBt->mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST);
-        if( pBt->mutex==0 ){
-          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-          db->mallocFailed = 0;
-          goto btree_open_out;
-        }
-      }
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutexShared);
-      pBt->pNext = GLOBAL(BtShared*,sqlite3SharedCacheList);
-      GLOBAL(BtShared*,sqlite3SharedCacheList) = pBt;
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutexShared);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO)
-  /* If the new Btree uses a sharable pBtShared, then link the new
-  ** Btree into the list of all sharable Btrees for the same connection.
-  ** The list is kept in ascending order by pBt address.
-  */
-  if( p->sharable ){
-    int i;
-    Btree *pSib;
-    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      if( (pSib = db->aDb[i].pBt)!=0 && pSib->sharable ){
-        while( pSib->pPrev ){ pSib = pSib->pPrev; }
-        if( p->pBt<pSib->pBt ){
-          p->pNext = pSib;
-          p->pPrev = 0;
-          pSib->pPrev = p;
-        }else{
-          while( pSib->pNext && pSib->pNext->pBt<p->pBt ){
-            pSib = pSib->pNext;
-          }
-          p->pNext = pSib->pNext;
-          p->pPrev = pSib;
-          if( p->pNext ){
-            p->pNext->pPrev = p;
-          }
-          pSib->pNext = p;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  *ppBtree = p;
-
-btree_open_out:
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( pBt && pBt->pPager ){
-      sqlite3PagerClose(pBt->pPager);
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(pBt);
-    sqlite3_free(p);
-    *ppBtree = 0;
-  }
-  if( mutexOpen ){
-    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mutexOpen) );
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutexOpen);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Decrement the BtShared.nRef counter.  When it reaches zero,
-** remove the BtShared structure from the sharing list.  Return
-** true if the BtShared.nRef counter reaches zero and return
-** false if it is still positive.
-*/
-static int removeFromSharingList(BtShared *pBt){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  sqlite3_mutex *pMaster;
-  BtShared *pList;
-  int removed = 0;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_notheld(pBt->mutex) );
-  pMaster = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMaster);
-  pBt->nRef--;
-  if( pBt->nRef<=0 ){
-    if( GLOBAL(BtShared*,sqlite3SharedCacheList)==pBt ){
-      GLOBAL(BtShared*,sqlite3SharedCacheList) = pBt->pNext;
-    }else{
-      pList = GLOBAL(BtShared*,sqlite3SharedCacheList);
-      while( ALWAYS(pList) && pList->pNext!=pBt ){
-        pList=pList->pNext;
-      }
-      if( ALWAYS(pList) ){
-        pList->pNext = pBt->pNext;
-      }
-    }
-    if( SQLITE_THREADSAFE ){
-      sqlite3_mutex_free(pBt->mutex);
-    }
-    removed = 1;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMaster);
-  return removed;
-#else
-  return 1;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Make sure pBt->pTmpSpace points to an allocation of 
-** MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) bytes.
-*/
-static void allocateTempSpace(BtShared *pBt){
-  if( !pBt->pTmpSpace ){
-    pBt->pTmpSpace = sqlite3PageMalloc( pBt->pageSize );
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Free the pBt->pTmpSpace allocation
-*/
-static void freeTempSpace(BtShared *pBt){
-  sqlite3PageFree( pBt->pTmpSpace);
-  pBt->pTmpSpace = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close an open database and invalidate all cursors.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeClose(Btree *p){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  BtCursor *pCur;
-
-  /* Close all cursors opened via this handle.  */
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  pCur = pBt->pCursor;
-  while( pCur ){
-    BtCursor *pTmp = pCur;
-    pCur = pCur->pNext;
-    if( pTmp->pBtree==p ){
-      sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(pTmp);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Rollback any active transaction and free the handle structure.
-  ** The call to sqlite3BtreeRollback() drops any table-locks held by
-  ** this handle.
-  */
-  sqlite3BtreeRollback(p);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-
-  /* If there are still other outstanding references to the shared-btree
-  ** structure, return now. The remainder of this procedure cleans 
-  ** up the shared-btree.
-  */
-  assert( p->wantToLock==0 && p->locked==0 );
-  if( !p->sharable || removeFromSharingList(pBt) ){
-    /* The pBt is no longer on the sharing list, so we can access
-    ** it without having to hold the mutex.
-    **
-    ** Clean out and delete the BtShared object.
-    */
-    assert( !pBt->pCursor );
-    sqlite3PagerClose(pBt->pPager);
-    if( pBt->xFreeSchema && pBt->pSchema ){
-      pBt->xFreeSchema(pBt->pSchema);
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(pBt->pSchema);
-    freeTempSpace(pBt);
-    sqlite3_free(pBt);
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  assert( p->wantToLock==0 );
-  assert( p->locked==0 );
-  if( p->pPrev ) p->pPrev->pNext = p->pNext;
-  if( p->pNext ) p->pNext->pPrev = p->pPrev;
-#endif
-
-  sqlite3_free(p);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the limit on the number of pages allowed in the cache.
-**
-** The maximum number of cache pages is set to the absolute
-** value of mxPage.  If mxPage is negative, the pager will
-** operate asynchronously - it will not stop to do fsync()s
-** to insure data is written to the disk surface before
-** continuing.  Transactions still work if synchronous is off,
-** and the database cannot be corrupted if this program
-** crashes.  But if the operating system crashes or there is
-** an abrupt power failure when synchronous is off, the database
-** could be left in an inconsistent and unrecoverable state.
-** Synchronous is on by default so database corruption is not
-** normally a worry.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(Btree *p, int mxPage){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  sqlite3PagerSetCachesize(pBt->pPager, mxPage);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the way data is synced to disk in order to increase or decrease
-** how well the database resists damage due to OS crashes and power
-** failures.  Level 1 is the same as asynchronous (no syncs() occur and
-** there is a high probability of damage)  Level 2 is the default.  There
-** is a very low but non-zero probability of damage.  Level 3 reduces the
-** probability of damage to near zero but with a write performance reduction.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetSafetyLevel(Btree *p, int level, int fullSync){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  sqlite3PagerSetSafetyLevel(pBt->pPager, level, fullSync);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if the given btree is set to safety level 1.  In other
-** words, return TRUE if no sync() occurs on the disk files.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSyncDisabled(Btree *p){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  int rc;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );  
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  assert( pBt && pBt->pPager );
-  rc = sqlite3PagerNosync(pBt->pPager);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM)
-/*
-** Change the default pages size and the number of reserved bytes per page.
-** Or, if the page size has already been fixed, return SQLITE_READONLY 
-** without changing anything.
-**
-** The page size must be a power of 2 between 512 and 65536.  If the page
-** size supplied does not meet this constraint then the page size is not
-** changed.
-**
-** Page sizes are constrained to be a power of two so that the region
-** of the database file used for locking (beginning at PENDING_BYTE,
-** the first byte past the 1GB boundary, 0x40000000) needs to occur
-** at the beginning of a page.
-**
-** If parameter nReserve is less than zero, then the number of reserved
-** bytes per page is left unchanged.
-**
-** If the iFix!=0 then the pageSizeFixed flag is set so that the page size
-** and autovacuum mode can no longer be changed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(Btree *p, int pageSize, int nReserve, int iFix){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  assert( nReserve>=-1 && nReserve<=255 );
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  if( pBt->pageSizeFixed ){
-    sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-    return SQLITE_READONLY;
-  }
-  if( nReserve<0 ){
-    nReserve = pBt->pageSize - pBt->usableSize;
-  }
-  assert( nReserve>=0 && nReserve<=255 );
-  if( pageSize>=512 && pageSize<=SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE &&
-        ((pageSize-1)&pageSize)==0 ){
-    assert( (pageSize & 7)==0 );
-    assert( !pBt->pPage1 && !pBt->pCursor );
-    pBt->pageSize = (u16)pageSize;
-    freeTempSpace(pBt);
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pBt->pPager, &pBt->pageSize, nReserve);
-  pBt->usableSize = pBt->pageSize - (u16)nReserve;
-  if( iFix ) pBt->pageSizeFixed = 1;
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the currently defined page size
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(Btree *p){
-  return p->pBt->pageSize;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of bytes of space at the end of every page that
-** are intentually left unused.  This is the "reserved" space that is
-** sometimes used by extensions.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetReserve(Btree *p){
-  int n;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  n = p->pBt->pageSize - p->pBt->usableSize;
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the maximum page count for a database if mxPage is positive.
-** No changes are made if mxPage is 0 or negative.
-** Regardless of the value of mxPage, return the maximum page count.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMaxPageCount(Btree *p, int mxPage){
-  int n;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  n = sqlite3PagerMaxPageCount(p->pBt->pPager, mxPage);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the secureDelete flag if newFlag is 0 or 1.  If newFlag is -1,
-** then make no changes.  Always return the value of the secureDelete
-** setting after the change.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(Btree *p, int newFlag){
-  int b;
-  if( p==0 ) return 0;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  if( newFlag>=0 ){
-    p->pBt->secureDelete = (newFlag!=0) ? 1 : 0;
-  } 
-  b = p->pBt->secureDelete;
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return b;
-}
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM) */
-
-/*
-** Change the 'auto-vacuum' property of the database. If the 'autoVacuum'
-** parameter is non-zero, then auto-vacuum mode is enabled. If zero, it
-** is disabled. The default value for the auto-vacuum property is 
-** determined by the SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM macro.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(Btree *p, int autoVacuum){
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  return SQLITE_READONLY;
-#else
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  u8 av = (u8)autoVacuum;
-
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  if( pBt->pageSizeFixed && (av ?1:0)!=pBt->autoVacuum ){
-    rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
-  }else{
-    pBt->autoVacuum = av ?1:0;
-    pBt->incrVacuum = av==2 ?1:0;
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the value of the 'auto-vacuum' property. If auto-vacuum is 
-** enabled 1 is returned. Otherwise 0.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetAutoVacuum(Btree *p){
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  return BTREE_AUTOVACUUM_NONE;
-#else
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  rc = (
-    (!p->pBt->autoVacuum)?BTREE_AUTOVACUUM_NONE:
-    (!p->pBt->incrVacuum)?BTREE_AUTOVACUUM_FULL:
-    BTREE_AUTOVACUUM_INCR
-  );
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-#endif
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Get a reference to pPage1 of the database file.  This will
-** also acquire a readlock on that file.
-**
-** SQLITE_OK is returned on success.  If the file is not a
-** well-formed database file, then SQLITE_CORRUPT is returned.
-** SQLITE_BUSY is returned if the database is locked.  SQLITE_NOMEM
-** is returned if we run out of memory. 
-*/
-static int lockBtree(BtShared *pBt){
-  int rc;
-  MemPage *pPage1;
-  int nPage;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( pBt->pPage1==0 );
-  rc = sqlite3PagerSharedLock(pBt->pPager);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, 1, &pPage1, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-
-  /* Do some checking to help insure the file we opened really is
-  ** a valid database file. 
-  */
-  rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPage);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    goto page1_init_failed;
-  }else if( nPage>0 ){
-    int pageSize;
-    int usableSize;
-    u8 *page1 = pPage1->aData;
-    rc = SQLITE_NOTADB;
-    if( memcmp(page1, zMagicHeader, 16)!=0 ){
-      goto page1_init_failed;
-    }
-    if( page1[18]>1 ){
-      pBt->readOnly = 1;
-    }
-    if( page1[19]>1 ){
-      goto page1_init_failed;
-    }
-
-    /* The maximum embedded fraction must be exactly 25%.  And the minimum
-    ** embedded fraction must be 12.5% for both leaf-data and non-leaf-data.
-    ** The original design allowed these amounts to vary, but as of
-    ** version 3.6.0, we require them to be fixed.
-    */
-    if( memcmp(&page1[21], "\100\040\040",3)!=0 ){
-      goto page1_init_failed;
-    }
-    pageSize = get2byte(&page1[16]);
-    if( ((pageSize-1)&pageSize)!=0 || pageSize<512 ||
-        (SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE<32768 && pageSize>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE)
-    ){
-      goto page1_init_failed;
-    }
-    assert( (pageSize & 7)==0 );
-    usableSize = pageSize - page1[20];
-    if( pageSize!=pBt->pageSize ){
-      /* After reading the first page of the database assuming a page size
-      ** of BtShared.pageSize, we have discovered that the page-size is
-      ** actually pageSize. Unlock the database, leave pBt->pPage1 at
-      ** zero and return SQLITE_OK. The caller will call this function
-      ** again with the correct page-size.
-      */
-      releasePage(pPage1);
-      pBt->usableSize = (u16)usableSize;
-      pBt->pageSize = (u16)pageSize;
-      freeTempSpace(pBt);
-      rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pBt->pPager, &pBt->pageSize,
-                                   pageSize-usableSize);
-      return rc;
-    }
-    if( usableSize<480 ){
-      goto page1_init_failed;
-    }
-    pBt->pageSize = (u16)pageSize;
-    pBt->usableSize = (u16)usableSize;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    pBt->autoVacuum = (get4byte(&page1[36 + 4*4])?1:0);
-    pBt->incrVacuum = (get4byte(&page1[36 + 7*4])?1:0);
-#endif
-  }
-
-  /* maxLocal is the maximum amount of payload to store locally for
-  ** a cell.  Make sure it is small enough so that at least minFanout
-  ** cells can will fit on one page.  We assume a 10-byte page header.
-  ** Besides the payload, the cell must store:
-  **     2-byte pointer to the cell
-  **     4-byte child pointer
-  **     9-byte nKey value
-  **     4-byte nData value
-  **     4-byte overflow page pointer
-  ** So a cell consists of a 2-byte poiner, a header which is as much as
-  ** 17 bytes long, 0 to N bytes of payload, and an optional 4 byte overflow
-  ** page pointer.
-  */
-  pBt->maxLocal = (pBt->usableSize-12)*64/255 - 23;
-  pBt->minLocal = (pBt->usableSize-12)*32/255 - 23;
-  pBt->maxLeaf = pBt->usableSize - 35;
-  pBt->minLeaf = (pBt->usableSize-12)*32/255 - 23;
-  assert( pBt->maxLeaf + 23 <= MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) );
-  pBt->pPage1 = pPage1;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-
-page1_init_failed:
-  releasePage(pPage1);
-  pBt->pPage1 = 0;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** If there are no outstanding cursors and we are not in the middle
-** of a transaction but there is a read lock on the database, then
-** this routine unrefs the first page of the database file which 
-** has the effect of releasing the read lock.
-**
-** If there is a transaction in progress, this routine is a no-op.
-*/
-static void unlockBtreeIfUnused(BtShared *pBt){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( pBt->pCursor==0 || pBt->inTransaction>TRANS_NONE );
-  if( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_NONE && pBt->pPage1!=0 ){
-    assert( pBt->pPage1->aData );
-    assert( sqlite3PagerRefcount(pBt->pPager)==1 );
-    assert( pBt->pPage1->aData );
-    releasePage(pBt->pPage1);
-    pBt->pPage1 = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** If pBt points to an empty file then convert that empty file
-** into a new empty database by initializing the first page of
-** the database.
-*/
-static int newDatabase(BtShared *pBt){
-  MemPage *pP1;
-  unsigned char *data;
-  int rc;
-  int nPage;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPage);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || nPage>0 ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  pP1 = pBt->pPage1;
-  assert( pP1!=0 );
-  data = pP1->aData;
-  rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pP1->pDbPage);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-  memcpy(data, zMagicHeader, sizeof(zMagicHeader));
-  assert( sizeof(zMagicHeader)==16 );
-  put2byte(&data[16], pBt->pageSize);
-  data[18] = 1;
-  data[19] = 1;
-  assert( pBt->usableSize<=pBt->pageSize && pBt->usableSize+255>=pBt->pageSize);
-  data[20] = (u8)(pBt->pageSize - pBt->usableSize);
-  data[21] = 64;
-  data[22] = 32;
-  data[23] = 32;
-  memset(&data[24], 0, 100-24);
-  zeroPage(pP1, PTF_INTKEY|PTF_LEAF|PTF_LEAFDATA );
-  pBt->pageSizeFixed = 1;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  assert( pBt->autoVacuum==1 || pBt->autoVacuum==0 );
-  assert( pBt->incrVacuum==1 || pBt->incrVacuum==0 );
-  put4byte(&data[36 + 4*4], pBt->autoVacuum);
-  put4byte(&data[36 + 7*4], pBt->incrVacuum);
-#endif
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Attempt to start a new transaction. A write-transaction
-** is started if the second argument is nonzero, otherwise a read-
-** transaction.  If the second argument is 2 or more and exclusive
-** transaction is started, meaning that no other process is allowed
-** to access the database.  A preexisting transaction may not be
-** upgraded to exclusive by calling this routine a second time - the
-** exclusivity flag only works for a new transaction.
-**
-** A write-transaction must be started before attempting any 
-** changes to the database.  None of the following routines 
-** will work unless a transaction is started first:
-**
-**      sqlite3BtreeCreateTable()
-**      sqlite3BtreeCreateIndex()
-**      sqlite3BtreeClearTable()
-**      sqlite3BtreeDropTable()
-**      sqlite3BtreeInsert()
-**      sqlite3BtreeDelete()
-**      sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta()
-**
-** If an initial attempt to acquire the lock fails because of lock contention
-** and the database was previously unlocked, then invoke the busy handler
-** if there is one.  But if there was previously a read-lock, do not
-** invoke the busy handler - just return SQLITE_BUSY.  SQLITE_BUSY is 
-** returned when there is already a read-lock in order to avoid a deadlock.
-**
-** Suppose there are two processes A and B.  A has a read lock and B has
-** a reserved lock.  B tries to promote to exclusive but is blocked because
-** of A's read lock.  A tries to promote to reserved but is blocked by B.
-** One or the other of the two processes must give way or there can be
-** no progress.  By returning SQLITE_BUSY and not invoking the busy callback
-** when A already has a read lock, we encourage A to give up and let B
-** proceed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(Btree *p, int wrflag){
-  sqlite3 *pBlock = 0;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  btreeIntegrity(p);
-
-  /* If the btree is already in a write-transaction, or it
-  ** is already in a read-transaction and a read-transaction
-  ** is requested, this is a no-op.
-  */
-  if( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE || (p->inTrans==TRANS_READ && !wrflag) ){
-    goto trans_begun;
-  }
-
-  /* Write transactions are not possible on a read-only database */
-  if( pBt->readOnly && wrflag ){
-    rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
-    goto trans_begun;
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  /* If another database handle has already opened a write transaction 
-  ** on this shared-btree structure and a second write transaction is
-  ** requested, return SQLITE_LOCKED.
-  */
-  if( (wrflag && pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE) || pBt->isPending ){
-    pBlock = pBt->pWriter->db;
-  }else if( wrflag>1 ){
-    BtLock *pIter;
-    for(pIter=pBt->pLock; pIter; pIter=pIter->pNext){
-      if( pIter->pBtree!=p ){
-        pBlock = pIter->pBtree->db;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if( pBlock ){
-    sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(p->db, pBlock);
-    rc = SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE;
-    goto trans_begun;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Any read-only or read-write transaction implies a read-lock on 
-  ** page 1. So if some other shared-cache client already has a write-lock 
-  ** on page 1, the transaction cannot be opened. */
-  rc = querySharedCacheTableLock(p, MASTER_ROOT, READ_LOCK);
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ) goto trans_begun;
-
-  do {
-    /* Call lockBtree() until either pBt->pPage1 is populated or
-    ** lockBtree() returns something other than SQLITE_OK. lockBtree()
-    ** may return SQLITE_OK but leave pBt->pPage1 set to 0 if after
-    ** reading page 1 it discovers that the page-size of the database 
-    ** file is not pBt->pageSize. In this case lockBtree() will update
-    ** pBt->pageSize to the page-size of the file on disk.
-    */
-    while( pBt->pPage1==0 && SQLITE_OK==(rc = lockBtree(pBt)) );
-
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && wrflag ){
-      if( pBt->readOnly ){
-        rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
-      }else{
-        rc = sqlite3PagerBegin(pBt->pPager,wrflag>1,sqlite3TempInMemory(p->db));
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = newDatabase(pBt);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
-    }
-  }while( rc==SQLITE_BUSY && pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_NONE &&
-          btreeInvokeBusyHandler(pBt) );
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( p->inTrans==TRANS_NONE ){
-      pBt->nTransaction++;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-      if( p->sharable ){
-       assert( p->lock.pBtree==p && p->lock.iTable==1 );
-        p->lock.eLock = READ_LOCK;
-        p->lock.pNext = pBt->pLock;
-        pBt->pLock = &p->lock;
-      }
-#endif
-    }
-    p->inTrans = (wrflag?TRANS_WRITE:TRANS_READ);
-    if( p->inTrans>pBt->inTransaction ){
-      pBt->inTransaction = p->inTrans;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-    if( wrflag ){
-      assert( !pBt->pWriter );
-      pBt->pWriter = p;
-      pBt->isExclusive = (u8)(wrflag>1);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-
-
-trans_begun:
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && wrflag ){
-    /* This call makes sure that the pager has the correct number of
-    ** open savepoints. If the second parameter is greater than 0 and
-    ** the sub-journal is not already open, then it will be opened here.
-    */
-    rc = sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(pBt->pPager, p->db->nSavepoint);
-  }
-
-  btreeIntegrity(p);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-
-/*
-** Set the pointer-map entries for all children of page pPage. Also, if
-** pPage contains cells that point to overflow pages, set the pointer
-** map entries for the overflow pages as well.
-*/
-static int setChildPtrmaps(MemPage *pPage){
-  int i;                             /* Counter variable */
-  int nCell;                         /* Number of cells in page pPage */
-  int rc;                            /* Return code */
-  BtShared *pBt = pPage->pBt;
-  u8 isInitOrig = pPage->isInit;
-  Pgno pgno = pPage->pgno;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  rc = btreeInitPage(pPage);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    goto set_child_ptrmaps_out;
-  }
-  nCell = pPage->nCell;
-
-  for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
-    u8 *pCell = findCell(pPage, i);
-
-    ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pPage, pCell, &rc);
-
-    if( !pPage->leaf ){
-      Pgno childPgno = get4byte(pCell);
-      ptrmapPut(pBt, childPgno, PTRMAP_BTREE, pgno, &rc);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( !pPage->leaf ){
-    Pgno childPgno = get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]);
-    ptrmapPut(pBt, childPgno, PTRMAP_BTREE, pgno, &rc);
-  }
-
-set_child_ptrmaps_out:
-  pPage->isInit = isInitOrig;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Somewhere on pPage is a pointer to page iFrom.  Modify this pointer so
-** that it points to iTo. Parameter eType describes the type of pointer to
-** be modified, as  follows:
-**
-** PTRMAP_BTREE:     pPage is a btree-page. The pointer points at a child 
-**                   page of pPage.
-**
-** PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1: pPage is a btree-page. The pointer points at an overflow
-**                   page pointed to by one of the cells on pPage.
-**
-** PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2: pPage is an overflow-page. The pointer points at the next
-**                   overflow page in the list.
-*/
-static int modifyPagePointer(MemPage *pPage, Pgno iFrom, Pgno iTo, u8 eType){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-  if( eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2 ){
-    /* The pointer is always the first 4 bytes of the page in this case.  */
-    if( get4byte(pPage->aData)!=iFrom ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-    put4byte(pPage->aData, iTo);
-  }else{
-    u8 isInitOrig = pPage->isInit;
-    int i;
-    int nCell;
-
-    btreeInitPage(pPage);
-    nCell = pPage->nCell;
-
-    for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
-      u8 *pCell = findCell(pPage, i);
-      if( eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1 ){
-        CellInfo info;
-        btreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCell, &info);
-        if( info.iOverflow ){
-          if( iFrom==get4byte(&pCell[info.iOverflow]) ){
-            put4byte(&pCell[info.iOverflow], iTo);
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }else{
-        if( get4byte(pCell)==iFrom ){
-          put4byte(pCell, iTo);
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  
-    if( i==nCell ){
-      if( eType!=PTRMAP_BTREE || 
-          get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8])!=iFrom ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      }
-      put4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8], iTo);
-    }
-
-    pPage->isInit = isInitOrig;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Move the open database page pDbPage to location iFreePage in the 
-** database. The pDbPage reference remains valid.
-**
-** The isCommit flag indicates that there is no need to remember that
-** the journal needs to be sync()ed before database page pDbPage->pgno 
-** can be written to. The caller has already promised not to write to that
-** page.
-*/
-static int relocatePage(
-  BtShared *pBt,           /* Btree */
-  MemPage *pDbPage,        /* Open page to move */
-  u8 eType,                /* Pointer map 'type' entry for pDbPage */
-  Pgno iPtrPage,           /* Pointer map 'page-no' entry for pDbPage */
-  Pgno iFreePage,          /* The location to move pDbPage to */
-  int isCommit             /* isCommit flag passed to sqlite3PagerMovepage */
-){
-  MemPage *pPtrPage;   /* The page that contains a pointer to pDbPage */
-  Pgno iDbPage = pDbPage->pgno;
-  Pager *pPager = pBt->pPager;
-  int rc;
-
-  assert( eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2 || eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1 || 
-      eType==PTRMAP_BTREE || eType==PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( pDbPage->pBt==pBt );
-
-  /* Move page iDbPage from its current location to page number iFreePage */
-  TRACE(("AUTOVACUUM: Moving %d to free page %d (ptr page %d type %d)\n", 
-      iDbPage, iFreePage, iPtrPage, eType));
-  rc = sqlite3PagerMovepage(pPager, pDbPage->pDbPage, iFreePage, isCommit);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  pDbPage->pgno = iFreePage;
-
-  /* If pDbPage was a btree-page, then it may have child pages and/or cells
-  ** that point to overflow pages. The pointer map entries for all these
-  ** pages need to be changed.
-  **
-  ** If pDbPage is an overflow page, then the first 4 bytes may store a
-  ** pointer to a subsequent overflow page. If this is the case, then
-  ** the pointer map needs to be updated for the subsequent overflow page.
-  */
-  if( eType==PTRMAP_BTREE || eType==PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE ){
-    rc = setChildPtrmaps(pDbPage);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-  }else{
-    Pgno nextOvfl = get4byte(pDbPage->aData);
-    if( nextOvfl!=0 ){
-      ptrmapPut(pBt, nextOvfl, PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2, iFreePage, &rc);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        return rc;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Fix the database pointer on page iPtrPage that pointed at iDbPage so
-  ** that it points at iFreePage. Also fix the pointer map entry for
-  ** iPtrPage.
-  */
-  if( eType!=PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE ){
-    rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iPtrPage, &pPtrPage, 0);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPtrPage->pDbPage);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      releasePage(pPtrPage);
-      return rc;
-    }
-    rc = modifyPagePointer(pPtrPage, iDbPage, iFreePage, eType);
-    releasePage(pPtrPage);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      ptrmapPut(pBt, iFreePage, eType, iPtrPage, &rc);
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* Forward declaration required by incrVacuumStep(). */
-static int allocateBtreePage(BtShared *, MemPage **, Pgno *, Pgno, u8);
-
-/*
-** Perform a single step of an incremental-vacuum. If successful,
-** return SQLITE_OK. If there is no work to do (and therefore no
-** point in calling this function again), return SQLITE_DONE.
-**
-** More specificly, this function attempts to re-organize the 
-** database so that the last page of the file currently in use
-** is no longer in use.
-**
-** If the nFin parameter is non-zero, this function assumes
-** that the caller will keep calling incrVacuumStep() until
-** it returns SQLITE_DONE or an error, and that nFin is the
-** number of pages the database file will contain after this 
-** process is complete.  If nFin is zero, it is assumed that
-** incrVacuumStep() will be called a finite amount of times
-** which may or may not empty the freelist.  A full autovacuum
-** has nFin>0.  A "PRAGMA incremental_vacuum" has nFin==0.
-*/
-static int incrVacuumStep(BtShared *pBt, Pgno nFin, Pgno iLastPg){
-  Pgno nFreeList;           /* Number of pages still on the free-list */
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( iLastPg>nFin );
-
-  if( !PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, iLastPg) && iLastPg!=PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
-    int rc;
-    u8 eType;
-    Pgno iPtrPage;
-
-    nFreeList = get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[36]);
-    if( nFreeList==0 ){
-      return SQLITE_DONE;
-    }
-
-    rc = ptrmapGet(pBt, iLastPg, &eType, &iPtrPage);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    if( eType==PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-
-    if( eType==PTRMAP_FREEPAGE ){
-      if( nFin==0 ){
-        /* Remove the page from the files free-list. This is not required
-        ** if nFin is non-zero. In that case, the free-list will be
-        ** truncated to zero after this function returns, so it doesn't 
-        ** matter if it still contains some garbage entries.
-        */
-        Pgno iFreePg;
-        MemPage *pFreePg;
-        rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt, &pFreePg, &iFreePg, iLastPg, 1);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          return rc;
-        }
-        assert( iFreePg==iLastPg );
-        releasePage(pFreePg);
-      }
-    } else {
-      Pgno iFreePg;             /* Index of free page to move pLastPg to */
-      MemPage *pLastPg;
-
-      rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iLastPg, &pLastPg, 0);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        return rc;
-      }
-
-      /* If nFin is zero, this loop runs exactly once and page pLastPg
-      ** is swapped with the first free page pulled off the free list.
-      **
-      ** On the other hand, if nFin is greater than zero, then keep
-      ** looping until a free-page located within the first nFin pages
-      ** of the file is found.
-      */
-      do {
-        MemPage *pFreePg;
-        rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt, &pFreePg, &iFreePg, 0, 0);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          releasePage(pLastPg);
-          return rc;
-        }
-        releasePage(pFreePg);
-      }while( nFin!=0 && iFreePg>nFin );
-      assert( iFreePg<iLastPg );
-      
-      rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pLastPg->pDbPage);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = relocatePage(pBt, pLastPg, eType, iPtrPage, iFreePg, nFin!=0);
-      }
-      releasePage(pLastPg);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        return rc;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( nFin==0 ){
-    iLastPg--;
-    while( iLastPg==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt)||PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, iLastPg) ){
-      if( PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, iLastPg) ){
-        MemPage *pPg;
-        int rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iLastPg, &pPg, 0);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          return rc;
-        }
-        rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPg->pDbPage);
-        releasePage(pPg);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          return rc;
-        }
-      }
-      iLastPg--;
-    }
-    sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(pBt->pPager, iLastPg);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** A write-transaction must be opened before calling this function.
-** It performs a single unit of work towards an incremental vacuum.
-**
-** If the incremental vacuum is finished after this function has run,
-** SQLITE_DONE is returned. If it is not finished, but no error occurred,
-** SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise an SQLite error code. 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIncrVacuum(Btree *p){
-  int rc;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  assert( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE && p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE );
-  if( !pBt->autoVacuum ){
-    rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-  }else{
-    invalidateAllOverflowCache(pBt);
-    rc = incrVacuumStep(pBt, 0, pagerPagecount(pBt));
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called prior to sqlite3PagerCommit when a transaction
-** is commited for an auto-vacuum database.
-**
-** If SQLITE_OK is returned, then *pnTrunc is set to the number of pages
-** the database file should be truncated to during the commit process. 
-** i.e. the database has been reorganized so that only the first *pnTrunc
-** pages are in use.
-*/
-static int autoVacuumCommit(BtShared *pBt){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  Pager *pPager = pBt->pPager;
-  VVA_ONLY( int nRef = sqlite3PagerRefcount(pPager) );
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  invalidateAllOverflowCache(pBt);
-  assert(pBt->autoVacuum);
-  if( !pBt->incrVacuum ){
-    Pgno nFin;         /* Number of pages in database after autovacuuming */
-    Pgno nFree;        /* Number of pages on the freelist initially */
-    Pgno nPtrmap;      /* Number of PtrMap pages to be freed */
-    Pgno iFree;        /* The next page to be freed */
-    int nEntry;        /* Number of entries on one ptrmap page */
-    Pgno nOrig;        /* Database size before freeing */
-
-    nOrig = pagerPagecount(pBt);
-    if( PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, nOrig) || nOrig==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
-      /* It is not possible to create a database for which the final page
-      ** is either a pointer-map page or the pending-byte page. If one
-      ** is encountered, this indicates corruption.
-      */
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-
-    nFree = get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[36]);
-    nEntry = pBt->usableSize/5;
-    nPtrmap = (nFree-nOrig+PTRMAP_PAGENO(pBt, nOrig)+nEntry)/nEntry;
-    nFin = nOrig - nFree - nPtrmap;
-    if( nOrig>PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) && nFin<PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
-      nFin--;
-    }
-    while( PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, nFin) || nFin==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
-      nFin--;
-    }
-    if( nFin>nOrig ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-
-    for(iFree=nOrig; iFree>nFin && rc==SQLITE_OK; iFree--){
-      rc = incrVacuumStep(pBt, nFin, iFree);
-    }
-    if( (rc==SQLITE_DONE || rc==SQLITE_OK) && nFree>0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pBt->pPage1->pDbPage);
-      put4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[32], 0);
-      put4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[36], 0);
-      sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(pBt->pPager, nFin);
-    }
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3PagerRollback(pPager);
-    }
-  }
-
-  assert( nRef==sqlite3PagerRefcount(pPager) );
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#else /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM */
-# define setChildPtrmaps(x) SQLITE_OK
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This routine does the first phase of a two-phase commit.  This routine
-** causes a rollback journal to be created (if it does not already exist)
-** and populated with enough information so that if a power loss occurs
-** the database can be restored to its original state by playing back
-** the journal.  Then the contents of the journal are flushed out to
-** the disk.  After the journal is safely on oxide, the changes to the
-** database are written into the database file and flushed to oxide.
-** At the end of this call, the rollback journal still exists on the
-** disk and we are still holding all locks, so the transaction has not
-** committed.  See sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo() for the second phase of the
-** commit process.
-**
-** This call is a no-op if no write-transaction is currently active on pBt.
-**
-** Otherwise, sync the database file for the btree pBt. zMaster points to
-** the name of a master journal file that should be written into the
-** individual journal file, or is NULL, indicating no master journal file 
-** (single database transaction).
-**
-** When this is called, the master journal should already have been
-** created, populated with this journal pointer and synced to disk.
-**
-** Once this is routine has returned, the only thing required to commit
-** the write-transaction for this database file is to delete the journal.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(Btree *p, const char *zMaster){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE ){
-    BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-    sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
-      rc = autoVacuumCommit(pBt);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-        return rc;
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-    rc = sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(pBt->pPager, zMaster, 0);
-    sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called from both BtreeCommitPhaseTwo() and BtreeRollback()
-** at the conclusion of a transaction.
-*/
-static void btreeEndTransaction(Btree *p){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
-
-  btreeClearHasContent(pBt);
-  if( p->inTrans>TRANS_NONE && p->db->activeVdbeCnt>1 ){
-    /* If there are other active statements that belong to this database
-    ** handle, downgrade to a read-only transaction. The other statements
-    ** may still be reading from the database.  */
-    downgradeAllSharedCacheTableLocks(p);
-    p->inTrans = TRANS_READ;
-  }else{
-    /* If the handle had any kind of transaction open, decrement the 
-    ** transaction count of the shared btree. If the transaction count 
-    ** reaches 0, set the shared state to TRANS_NONE. The unlockBtreeIfUnused()
-    ** call below will unlock the pager.  */
-    if( p->inTrans!=TRANS_NONE ){
-      clearAllSharedCacheTableLocks(p);
-      pBt->nTransaction--;
-      if( 0==pBt->nTransaction ){
-        pBt->inTransaction = TRANS_NONE;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Set the current transaction state to TRANS_NONE and unlock the 
-    ** pager if this call closed the only read or write transaction.  */
-    p->inTrans = TRANS_NONE;
-    unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
-  }
-
-  btreeIntegrity(p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Commit the transaction currently in progress.
-**
-** This routine implements the second phase of a 2-phase commit.  The
-** sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne() routine does the first phase and should
-** be invoked prior to calling this routine.  The sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne()
-** routine did all the work of writing information out to disk and flushing the
-** contents so that they are written onto the disk platter.  All this
-** routine has to do is delete or truncate or zero the header in the
-** the rollback journal (which causes the transaction to commit) and
-** drop locks.
-**
-** This will release the write lock on the database file.  If there
-** are no active cursors, it also releases the read lock.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(Btree *p){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  btreeIntegrity(p);
-
-  /* If the handle has a write-transaction open, commit the shared-btrees 
-  ** transaction and set the shared state to TRANS_READ.
-  */
-  if( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE ){
-    int rc;
-    assert( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
-    assert( pBt->nTransaction>0 );
-    rc = sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(pBt->pPager);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-      return rc;
-    }
-    pBt->inTransaction = TRANS_READ;
-  }
-
-  btreeEndTransaction(p);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Do both phases of a commit.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommit(Btree *p){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(p, 0);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(p);
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/*
-** Return the number of write-cursors open on this handle. This is for use
-** in assert() expressions, so it is only compiled if NDEBUG is not
-** defined.
-**
-** For the purposes of this routine, a write-cursor is any cursor that
-** is capable of writing to the databse.  That means the cursor was
-** originally opened for writing and the cursor has not be disabled
-** by having its state changed to CURSOR_FAULT.
-*/
-static int countWriteCursors(BtShared *pBt){
-  BtCursor *pCur;
-  int r = 0;
-  for(pCur=pBt->pCursor; pCur; pCur=pCur->pNext){
-    if( pCur->wrFlag && pCur->eState!=CURSOR_FAULT ) r++; 
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This routine sets the state to CURSOR_FAULT and the error
-** code to errCode for every cursor on BtShared that pBtree
-** references.
-**
-** Every cursor is tripped, including cursors that belong
-** to other database connections that happen to be sharing
-** the cache with pBtree.
-**
-** This routine gets called when a rollback occurs.
-** All cursors using the same cache must be tripped
-** to prevent them from trying to use the btree after
-** the rollback.  The rollback may have deleted tables
-** or moved root pages, so it is not sufficient to
-** save the state of the cursor.  The cursor must be
-** invalidated.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeTripAllCursors(Btree *pBtree, int errCode){
-  BtCursor *p;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBtree);
-  for(p=pBtree->pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
-    int i;
-    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(p);
-    p->eState = CURSOR_FAULT;
-    p->skipNext = errCode;
-    for(i=0; i<=p->iPage; i++){
-      releasePage(p->apPage[i]);
-      p->apPage[i] = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
-}
-
-/*
-** Rollback the transaction in progress.  All cursors will be
-** invalided by this operation.  Any attempt to use a cursor
-** that was open at the beginning of this operation will result
-** in an error.
-**
-** This will release the write lock on the database file.  If there
-** are no active cursors, it also releases the read lock.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeRollback(Btree *p){
-  int rc;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  MemPage *pPage1;
-
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  rc = saveAllCursors(pBt, 0, 0);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* This is a horrible situation. An IO or malloc() error occurred whilst
-    ** trying to save cursor positions. If this is an automatic rollback (as
-    ** the result of a constraint, malloc() failure or IO error) then 
-    ** the cache may be internally inconsistent (not contain valid trees) so
-    ** we cannot simply return the error to the caller. Instead, abort 
-    ** all queries that may be using any of the cursors that failed to save.
-    */
-    sqlite3BtreeTripAllCursors(p, rc);
-  }
-#endif
-  btreeIntegrity(p);
-
-  if( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE ){
-    int rc2;
-
-    assert( TRANS_WRITE==pBt->inTransaction );
-    rc2 = sqlite3PagerRollback(pBt->pPager);
-    if( rc2!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = rc2;
-    }
-
-    /* The rollback may have destroyed the pPage1->aData value.  So
-    ** call btreeGetPage() on page 1 again to make
-    ** sure pPage1->aData is set correctly. */
-    if( btreeGetPage(pBt, 1, &pPage1, 0)==SQLITE_OK ){
-      releasePage(pPage1);
-    }
-    assert( countWriteCursors(pBt)==0 );
-    pBt->inTransaction = TRANS_READ;
-  }
-
-  btreeEndTransaction(p);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Start a statement subtransaction. The subtransaction can can be rolled
-** back independently of the main transaction. You must start a transaction 
-** before starting a subtransaction. The subtransaction is ended automatically 
-** if the main transaction commits or rolls back.
-**
-** Statement subtransactions are used around individual SQL statements
-** that are contained within a BEGIN...COMMIT block.  If a constraint
-** error occurs within the statement, the effect of that one statement
-** can be rolled back without having to rollback the entire transaction.
-**
-** A statement sub-transaction is implemented as an anonymous savepoint. The
-** value passed as the second parameter is the total number of savepoints,
-** including the new anonymous savepoint, open on the B-Tree. i.e. if there
-** are no active savepoints and no other statement-transactions open,
-** iStatement is 1. This anonymous savepoint can be released or rolled back
-** using the sqlite3BtreeSavepoint() function.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginStmt(Btree *p, int iStatement){
-  int rc;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  assert( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE );
-  assert( pBt->readOnly==0 );
-  assert( iStatement>0 );
-  assert( iStatement>p->db->nSavepoint );
-  if( NEVER(p->inTrans!=TRANS_WRITE || pBt->readOnly) ){
-    rc = SQLITE_INTERNAL;
-  }else{
-    assert( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
-    /* At the pager level, a statement transaction is a savepoint with
-    ** an index greater than all savepoints created explicitly using
-    ** SQL statements. It is illegal to open, release or rollback any
-    ** such savepoints while the statement transaction savepoint is active.
-    */
-    rc = sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(pBt->pPager, iStatement);
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The second argument to this function, op, is always SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK
-** or SAVEPOINT_RELEASE. This function either releases or rolls back the
-** savepoint identified by parameter iSavepoint, depending on the value 
-** of op.
-**
-** Normally, iSavepoint is greater than or equal to zero. However, if op is
-** SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, then iSavepoint may also be -1. In this case the 
-** contents of the entire transaction are rolled back. This is different
-** from a normal transaction rollback, as no locks are released and the
-** transaction remains open.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(Btree *p, int op, int iSavepoint){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( p && p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE ){
-    BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-    assert( op==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE || op==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK );
-    assert( iSavepoint>=0 || (iSavepoint==-1 && op==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK) );
-    sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-    rc = sqlite3PagerSavepoint(pBt->pPager, op, iSavepoint);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = newDatabase(pBt);
-    }
-    sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a new cursor for the BTree whose root is on the page
-** iTable. If a read-only cursor is requested, it is assumed that
-** the caller already has at least a read-only transaction open
-** on the database already. If a write-cursor is requested, then
-** the caller is assumed to have an open write transaction.
-**
-** If wrFlag==0, then the cursor can only be used for reading.
-** If wrFlag==1, then the cursor can be used for reading or for
-** writing if other conditions for writing are also met.  These
-** are the conditions that must be met in order for writing to
-** be allowed:
-**
-** 1:  The cursor must have been opened with wrFlag==1
-**
-** 2:  Other database connections that share the same pager cache
-**     but which are not in the READ_UNCOMMITTED state may not have
-**     cursors open with wrFlag==0 on the same table.  Otherwise
-**     the changes made by this write cursor would be visible to
-**     the read cursors in the other database connection.
-**
-** 3:  The database must be writable (not on read-only media)
-**
-** 4:  There must be an active transaction.
-**
-** No checking is done to make sure that page iTable really is the
-** root page of a b-tree.  If it is not, then the cursor acquired
-** will not work correctly.
-**
-** It is assumed that the sqlite3BtreeCursorZero() has been called
-** on pCur to initialize the memory space prior to invoking this routine.
-*/
-static int btreeCursor(
-  Btree *p,                              /* The btree */
-  int iTable,                            /* Root page of table to open */
-  int wrFlag,                            /* 1 to write. 0 read-only */
-  struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,              /* First arg to comparison function */
-  BtCursor *pCur                         /* Space for new cursor */
-){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;                /* Shared b-tree handle */
-
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
-  assert( wrFlag==0 || wrFlag==1 );
-
-  /* The following assert statements verify that if this is a sharable 
-  ** b-tree database, the connection is holding the required table locks, 
-  ** and that no other connection has any open cursor that conflicts with 
-  ** this lock.  */
-  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, iTable, pKeyInfo!=0, wrFlag+1) );
-  assert( wrFlag==0 || !hasReadConflicts(p, iTable) );
-
-  /* Assert that the caller has opened the required transaction. */
-  assert( p->inTrans>TRANS_NONE );
-  assert( wrFlag==0 || p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE );
-  assert( pBt->pPage1 && pBt->pPage1->aData );
-
-  if( NEVER(wrFlag && pBt->readOnly) ){
-    return SQLITE_READONLY;
-  }
-  if( iTable==1 && pagerPagecount(pBt)==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_EMPTY;
-  }
-
-  /* Now that no other errors can occur, finish filling in the BtCursor
-  ** variables and link the cursor into the BtShared list.  */
-  pCur->pgnoRoot = (Pgno)iTable;
-  pCur->iPage = -1;
-  pCur->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
-  pCur->pBtree = p;
-  pCur->pBt = pBt;
-  pCur->wrFlag = (u8)wrFlag;
-  pCur->pNext = pBt->pCursor;
-  if( pCur->pNext ){
-    pCur->pNext->pPrev = pCur;
-  }
-  pBt->pCursor = pCur;
-  pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-  pCur->cachedRowid = 0;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursor(
-  Btree *p,                                   /* The btree */
-  int iTable,                                 /* Root page of table to open */
-  int wrFlag,                                 /* 1 to write. 0 read-only */
-  struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,                   /* First arg to xCompare() */
-  BtCursor *pCur                              /* Write new cursor here */
-){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  rc = btreeCursor(p, iTable, wrFlag, pKeyInfo, pCur);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the size of a BtCursor object in bytes.
-**
-** This interfaces is needed so that users of cursors can preallocate
-** sufficient storage to hold a cursor.  The BtCursor object is opaque
-** to users so they cannot do the sizeof() themselves - they must call
-** this routine.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorSize(void){
-  return ROUND8(sizeof(BtCursor));
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize memory that will be converted into a BtCursor object.
-**
-** The simple approach here would be to memset() the entire object
-** to zero.  But it turns out that the apPage[] and aiIdx[] arrays
-** do not need to be zeroed and they are large, so we can save a lot
-** of run-time by skipping the initialization of those elements.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorZero(BtCursor *p){
-  memset(p, 0, offsetof(BtCursor, iPage));
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the cached rowid value of every cursor in the same database file
-** as pCur and having the same root page number as pCur.  The value is
-** set to iRowid.
-**
-** Only positive rowid values are considered valid for this cache.
-** The cache is initialized to zero, indicating an invalid cache.
-** A btree will work fine with zero or negative rowids.  We just cannot
-** cache zero or negative rowids, which means tables that use zero or
-** negative rowids might run a little slower.  But in practice, zero
-** or negative rowids are very uncommon so this should not be a problem.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeSetCachedRowid(BtCursor *pCur, sqlite3_int64 iRowid){
-  BtCursor *p;
-  for(p=pCur->pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
-    if( p->pgnoRoot==pCur->pgnoRoot ) p->cachedRowid = iRowid;
-  }
-  assert( pCur->cachedRowid==iRowid );
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the cached rowid for the given cursor.  A negative or zero
-** return value indicates that the rowid cache is invalid and should be
-** ignored.  If the rowid cache has never before been set, then a
-** zero is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_int64 sqlite3BtreeGetCachedRowid(BtCursor *pCur){
-  return pCur->cachedRowid;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a cursor.  The read lock on the database file is released
-** when the last cursor is closed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
-  Btree *pBtree = pCur->pBtree;
-  if( pBtree ){
-    int i;
-    BtShared *pBt = pCur->pBt;
-    sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBtree);
-    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pCur);
-    if( pCur->pPrev ){
-      pCur->pPrev->pNext = pCur->pNext;
-    }else{
-      pBt->pCursor = pCur->pNext;
-    }
-    if( pCur->pNext ){
-      pCur->pNext->pPrev = pCur->pPrev;
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<=pCur->iPage; i++){
-      releasePage(pCur->apPage[i]);
-    }
-    unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
-    invalidateOverflowCache(pCur);
-    /* sqlite3_free(pCur); */
-    sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Make sure the BtCursor* given in the argument has a valid
-** BtCursor.info structure.  If it is not already valid, call
-** btreeParseCell() to fill it in.
-**
-** BtCursor.info is a cache of the information in the current cell.
-** Using this cache reduces the number of calls to btreeParseCell().
-**
-** 2007-06-25:  There is a bug in some versions of MSVC that cause the
-** compiler to crash when getCellInfo() is implemented as a macro.
-** But there is a measureable speed advantage to using the macro on gcc
-** (when less compiler optimizations like -Os or -O0 are used and the
-** compiler is not doing agressive inlining.)  So we use a real function
-** for MSVC and a macro for everything else.  Ticket #2457.
-*/
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  static void assertCellInfo(BtCursor *pCur){
-    CellInfo info;
-    int iPage = pCur->iPage;
-    memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
-    btreeParseCell(pCur->apPage[iPage], pCur->aiIdx[iPage], &info);
-    assert( memcmp(&info, &pCur->info, sizeof(info))==0 );
-  }
-#else
-  #define assertCellInfo(x)
-#endif
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-  /* Use a real function in MSVC to work around bugs in that compiler. */
-  static void getCellInfo(BtCursor *pCur){
-    if( pCur->info.nSize==0 ){
-      int iPage = pCur->iPage;
-      btreeParseCell(pCur->apPage[iPage],pCur->aiIdx[iPage],&pCur->info);
-      pCur->validNKey = 1;
-    }else{
-      assertCellInfo(pCur);
-    }
-  }
-#else /* if not _MSC_VER */
-  /* Use a macro in all other compilers so that the function is inlined */
-#define getCellInfo(pCur)                                                      \
-  if( pCur->info.nSize==0 ){                                                   \
-    int iPage = pCur->iPage;                                                   \
-    btreeParseCell(pCur->apPage[iPage],pCur->aiIdx[iPage],&pCur->info); \
-    pCur->validNKey = 1;                                                       \
-  }else{                                                                       \
-    assertCellInfo(pCur);                                                      \
-  }
-#endif /* _MSC_VER */
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG  /* The next routine used only within assert() statements */
-/*
-** Return true if the given BtCursor is valid.  A valid cursor is one
-** that is currently pointing to a row in a (non-empty) table.
-** This is a verification routine is used only within assert() statements.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(BtCursor *pCur){
-  return pCur && pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID;
-}
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
-
-/*
-** Set *pSize to the size of the buffer needed to hold the value of
-** the key for the current entry.  If the cursor is not pointing
-** to a valid entry, *pSize is set to 0. 
-**
-** For a table with the INTKEY flag set, this routine returns the key
-** itself, not the number of bytes in the key.
-**
-** The caller must position the cursor prior to invoking this routine.
-** 
-** This routine cannot fail.  It always returns SQLITE_OK.  
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeKeySize(BtCursor *pCur, i64 *pSize){
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ){
-    *pSize = 0;
-  }else{
-    getCellInfo(pCur);
-    *pSize = pCur->info.nKey;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set *pSize to the number of bytes of data in the entry the
-** cursor currently points to.
-**
-** The caller must guarantee that the cursor is pointing to a non-NULL
-** valid entry.  In other words, the calling procedure must guarantee
-** that the cursor has Cursor.eState==CURSOR_VALID.
-**
-** Failure is not possible.  This function always returns SQLITE_OK.
-** It might just as well be a procedure (returning void) but we continue
-** to return an integer result code for historical reasons.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDataSize(BtCursor *pCur, u32 *pSize){
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  getCellInfo(pCur);
-  *pSize = pCur->info.nData;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Given the page number of an overflow page in the database (parameter
-** ovfl), this function finds the page number of the next page in the 
-** linked list of overflow pages. If possible, it uses the auto-vacuum
-** pointer-map data instead of reading the content of page ovfl to do so. 
-**
-** If an error occurs an SQLite error code is returned. Otherwise:
-**
-** The page number of the next overflow page in the linked list is 
-** written to *pPgnoNext. If page ovfl is the last page in its linked 
-** list, *pPgnoNext is set to zero. 
-**
-** If ppPage is not NULL, and a reference to the MemPage object corresponding
-** to page number pOvfl was obtained, then *ppPage is set to point to that
-** reference. It is the responsibility of the caller to call releasePage()
-** on *ppPage to free the reference. In no reference was obtained (because
-** the pointer-map was used to obtain the value for *pPgnoNext), then
-** *ppPage is set to zero.
-*/
-static int getOverflowPage(
-  BtShared *pBt,               /* The database file */
-  Pgno ovfl,                   /* Current overflow page number */
-  MemPage **ppPage,            /* OUT: MemPage handle (may be NULL) */
-  Pgno *pPgnoNext              /* OUT: Next overflow page number */
-){
-  Pgno next = 0;
-  MemPage *pPage = 0;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  assert(pPgnoNext);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  /* Try to find the next page in the overflow list using the
-  ** autovacuum pointer-map pages. Guess that the next page in 
-  ** the overflow list is page number (ovfl+1). If that guess turns 
-  ** out to be wrong, fall back to loading the data of page 
-  ** number ovfl to determine the next page number.
-  */
-  if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
-    Pgno pgno;
-    Pgno iGuess = ovfl+1;
-    u8 eType;
-
-    while( PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, iGuess) || iGuess==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
-      iGuess++;
-    }
-
-    if( iGuess<=pagerPagecount(pBt) ){
-      rc = ptrmapGet(pBt, iGuess, &eType, &pgno);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2 && pgno==ovfl ){
-        next = iGuess;
-        rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  assert( next==0 || rc==SQLITE_DONE );
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, ovfl, &pPage, 0);
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pPage==0 );
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      next = get4byte(pPage->aData);
-    }
-  }
-
-  *pPgnoNext = next;
-  if( ppPage ){
-    *ppPage = pPage;
-  }else{
-    releasePage(pPage);
-  }
-  return (rc==SQLITE_DONE ? SQLITE_OK : rc);
-}
-
-/*
-** Copy data from a buffer to a page, or from a page to a buffer.
-**
-** pPayload is a pointer to data stored on database page pDbPage.
-** If argument eOp is false, then nByte bytes of data are copied
-** from pPayload to the buffer pointed at by pBuf. If eOp is true,
-** then sqlite3PagerWrite() is called on pDbPage and nByte bytes
-** of data are copied from the buffer pBuf to pPayload.
-**
-** SQLITE_OK is returned on success, otherwise an error code.
-*/
-static int copyPayload(
-  void *pPayload,           /* Pointer to page data */
-  void *pBuf,               /* Pointer to buffer */
-  int nByte,                /* Number of bytes to copy */
-  int eOp,                  /* 0 -> copy from page, 1 -> copy to page */
-  DbPage *pDbPage           /* Page containing pPayload */
-){
-  if( eOp ){
-    /* Copy data from buffer to page (a write operation) */
-    int rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pDbPage);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    memcpy(pPayload, pBuf, nByte);
-  }else{
-    /* Copy data from page to buffer (a read operation) */
-    memcpy(pBuf, pPayload, nByte);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is used to read or overwrite payload information
-** for the entry that the pCur cursor is pointing to. If the eOp
-** parameter is 0, this is a read operation (data copied into
-** buffer pBuf). If it is non-zero, a write (data copied from
-** buffer pBuf).
-**
-** A total of "amt" bytes are read or written beginning at "offset".
-** Data is read to or from the buffer pBuf.
-**
-** The content being read or written might appear on the main page
-** or be scattered out on multiple overflow pages.
-**
-** If the BtCursor.isIncrblobHandle flag is set, and the current
-** cursor entry uses one or more overflow pages, this function
-** allocates space for and lazily popluates the overflow page-list 
-** cache array (BtCursor.aOverflow). Subsequent calls use this
-** cache to make seeking to the supplied offset more efficient.
-**
-** Once an overflow page-list cache has been allocated, it may be
-** invalidated if some other cursor writes to the same table, or if
-** the cursor is moved to a different row. Additionally, in auto-vacuum
-** mode, the following events may invalidate an overflow page-list cache.
-**
-**   * An incremental vacuum,
-**   * A commit in auto_vacuum="full" mode,
-**   * Creating a table (may require moving an overflow page).
-*/
-static int accessPayload(
-  BtCursor *pCur,      /* Cursor pointing to entry to read from */
-  u32 offset,          /* Begin reading this far into payload */
-  u32 amt,             /* Read this many bytes */
-  unsigned char *pBuf, /* Write the bytes into this buffer */ 
-  int eOp              /* zero to read. non-zero to write. */
-){
-  unsigned char *aPayload;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  u32 nKey;
-  int iIdx = 0;
-  MemPage *pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]; /* Btree page of current entry */
-  BtShared *pBt = pCur->pBt;                  /* Btree this cursor belongs to */
-
-  assert( pPage );
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  assert( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]<pPage->nCell );
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-
-  getCellInfo(pCur);
-  aPayload = pCur->info.pCell + pCur->info.nHeader;
-  nKey = (pPage->intKey ? 0 : (int)pCur->info.nKey);
-
-  if( NEVER(offset+amt > nKey+pCur->info.nData) 
-   || &aPayload[pCur->info.nLocal] > &pPage->aData[pBt->usableSize]
-  ){
-    /* Trying to read or write past the end of the data is an error */
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  }
-
-  /* Check if data must be read/written to/from the btree page itself. */
-  if( offset<pCur->info.nLocal ){
-    int a = amt;
-    if( a+offset>pCur->info.nLocal ){
-      a = pCur->info.nLocal - offset;
-    }
-    rc = copyPayload(&aPayload[offset], pBuf, a, eOp, pPage->pDbPage);
-    offset = 0;
-    pBuf += a;
-    amt -= a;
-  }else{
-    offset -= pCur->info.nLocal;
-  }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && amt>0 ){
-    const u32 ovflSize = pBt->usableSize - 4;  /* Bytes content per ovfl page */
-    Pgno nextPage;
-
-    nextPage = get4byte(&aPayload[pCur->info.nLocal]);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-    /* If the isIncrblobHandle flag is set and the BtCursor.aOverflow[]
-    ** has not been allocated, allocate it now. The array is sized at
-    ** one entry for each overflow page in the overflow chain. The
-    ** page number of the first overflow page is stored in aOverflow[0],
-    ** etc. A value of 0 in the aOverflow[] array means "not yet known"
-    ** (the cache is lazily populated).
-    */
-    if( pCur->isIncrblobHandle && !pCur->aOverflow ){
-      int nOvfl = (pCur->info.nPayload-pCur->info.nLocal+ovflSize-1)/ovflSize;
-      pCur->aOverflow = (Pgno *)sqlite3MallocZero(sizeof(Pgno)*nOvfl);
-      /* nOvfl is always positive.  If it were zero, fetchPayload would have
-      ** been used instead of this routine. */
-      if( ALWAYS(nOvfl) && !pCur->aOverflow ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* If the overflow page-list cache has been allocated and the
-    ** entry for the first required overflow page is valid, skip
-    ** directly to it.
-    */
-    if( pCur->aOverflow && pCur->aOverflow[offset/ovflSize] ){
-      iIdx = (offset/ovflSize);
-      nextPage = pCur->aOverflow[iIdx];
-      offset = (offset%ovflSize);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    for( ; rc==SQLITE_OK && amt>0 && nextPage; iIdx++){
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-      /* If required, populate the overflow page-list cache. */
-      if( pCur->aOverflow ){
-        assert(!pCur->aOverflow[iIdx] || pCur->aOverflow[iIdx]==nextPage);
-        pCur->aOverflow[iIdx] = nextPage;
-      }
-#endif
-
-      if( offset>=ovflSize ){
-        /* The only reason to read this page is to obtain the page
-        ** number for the next page in the overflow chain. The page
-        ** data is not required. So first try to lookup the overflow
-        ** page-list cache, if any, then fall back to the getOverflowPage()
-        ** function.
-        */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-        if( pCur->aOverflow && pCur->aOverflow[iIdx+1] ){
-          nextPage = pCur->aOverflow[iIdx+1];
-        } else 
-#endif
-          rc = getOverflowPage(pBt, nextPage, 0, &nextPage);
-        offset -= ovflSize;
-      }else{
-        /* Need to read this page properly. It contains some of the
-        ** range of data that is being read (eOp==0) or written (eOp!=0).
-        */
-        DbPage *pDbPage;
-        int a = amt;
-        rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pBt->pPager, nextPage, &pDbPage);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          aPayload = sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage);
-          nextPage = get4byte(aPayload);
-          if( a + offset > ovflSize ){
-            a = ovflSize - offset;
-          }
-          rc = copyPayload(&aPayload[offset+4], pBuf, a, eOp, pDbPage);
-          sqlite3PagerUnref(pDbPage);
-          offset = 0;
-          amt -= a;
-          pBuf += a;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && amt>0 ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Read part of the key associated with cursor pCur.  Exactly
-** "amt" bytes will be transfered into pBuf[].  The transfer
-** begins at "offset".
-**
-** The caller must ensure that pCur is pointing to a valid row
-** in the table.
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK on success or an error code if anything goes
-** wrong.  An error is returned if "offset+amt" is larger than
-** the available payload.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeKey(BtCursor *pCur, u32 offset, u32 amt, void *pBuf){
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  assert( pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
-  assert( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
-  return accessPayload(pCur, offset, amt, (unsigned char*)pBuf, 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Read part of the data associated with cursor pCur.  Exactly
-** "amt" bytes will be transfered into pBuf[].  The transfer
-** begins at "offset".
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK on success or an error code if anything goes
-** wrong.  An error is returned if "offset+amt" is larger than
-** the available payload.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeData(BtCursor *pCur, u32 offset, u32 amt, void *pBuf){
-  int rc;
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-  if ( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID ){
-    return SQLITE_ABORT;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-    assert( pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
-    assert( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
-    rc = accessPayload(pCur, offset, amt, pBuf, 0);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to payload information from the entry that the 
-** pCur cursor is pointing to.  The pointer is to the beginning of
-** the key if skipKey==0 and it points to the beginning of data if
-** skipKey==1.  The number of bytes of available key/data is written
-** into *pAmt.  If *pAmt==0, then the value returned will not be
-** a valid pointer.
-**
-** This routine is an optimization.  It is common for the entire key
-** and data to fit on the local page and for there to be no overflow
-** pages.  When that is so, this routine can be used to access the
-** key and data without making a copy.  If the key and/or data spills
-** onto overflow pages, then accessPayload() must be used to reassemble
-** the key/data and copy it into a preallocated buffer.
-**
-** The pointer returned by this routine looks directly into the cached
-** page of the database.  The data might change or move the next time
-** any btree routine is called.
-*/
-static const unsigned char *fetchPayload(
-  BtCursor *pCur,      /* Cursor pointing to entry to read from */
-  int *pAmt,           /* Write the number of available bytes here */
-  int skipKey          /* read beginning at data if this is true */
-){
-  unsigned char *aPayload;
-  MemPage *pPage;
-  u32 nKey;
-  u32 nLocal;
-
-  assert( pCur!=0 && pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]);
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
-  assert( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]<pPage->nCell );
-  if( NEVER(pCur->info.nSize==0) ){
-    btreeParseCell(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage], pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage],
-                   &pCur->info);
-  }
-  aPayload = pCur->info.pCell;
-  aPayload += pCur->info.nHeader;
-  if( pPage->intKey ){
-    nKey = 0;
-  }else{
-    nKey = (int)pCur->info.nKey;
-  }
-  if( skipKey ){
-    aPayload += nKey;
-    nLocal = pCur->info.nLocal - nKey;
-  }else{
-    nLocal = pCur->info.nLocal;
-    assert( nLocal<=nKey );
-  }
-  *pAmt = nLocal;
-  return aPayload;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** For the entry that cursor pCur is point to, return as
-** many bytes of the key or data as are available on the local
-** b-tree page.  Write the number of available bytes into *pAmt.
-**
-** The pointer returned is ephemeral.  The key/data may move
-** or be destroyed on the next call to any Btree routine,
-** including calls from other threads against the same cache.
-** Hence, a mutex on the BtShared should be held prior to calling
-** this routine.
-**
-** These routines is used to get quick access to key and data
-** in the common case where no overflow pages are used.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const void *sqlite3BtreeKeyFetch(BtCursor *pCur, int *pAmt){
-  const void *p = 0;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  if( ALWAYS(pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID) ){
-    p = (const void*)fetchPayload(pCur, pAmt, 0);
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const void *sqlite3BtreeDataFetch(BtCursor *pCur, int *pAmt){
-  const void *p = 0;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  if( ALWAYS(pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID) ){
-    p = (const void*)fetchPayload(pCur, pAmt, 1);
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Move the cursor down to a new child page.  The newPgno argument is the
-** page number of the child page to move to.
-**
-** This function returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if the page-header flags field of
-** the new child page does not match the flags field of the parent (i.e.
-** if an intkey page appears to be the parent of a non-intkey page, or
-** vice-versa).
-*/
-static int moveToChild(BtCursor *pCur, u32 newPgno){
-  int rc;
-  int i = pCur->iPage;
-  MemPage *pNewPage;
-  BtShared *pBt = pCur->pBt;
-
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  assert( pCur->iPage<BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH );
-  if( pCur->iPage>=(BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH-1) ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  }
-  rc = getAndInitPage(pBt, newPgno, &pNewPage);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-  pCur->apPage[i+1] = pNewPage;
-  pCur->aiIdx[i+1] = 0;
-  pCur->iPage++;
-
-  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
-  pCur->validNKey = 0;
-  if( pNewPage->nCell<1 || pNewPage->intKey!=pCur->apPage[i]->intKey ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/*
-** Page pParent is an internal (non-leaf) tree page. This function 
-** asserts that page number iChild is the left-child if the iIdx'th
-** cell in page pParent. Or, if iIdx is equal to the total number of
-** cells in pParent, that page number iChild is the right-child of
-** the page.
-*/
-static void assertParentIndex(MemPage *pParent, int iIdx, Pgno iChild){
-  assert( iIdx<=pParent->nCell );
-  if( iIdx==pParent->nCell ){
-    assert( get4byte(&pParent->aData[pParent->hdrOffset+8])==iChild );
-  }else{
-    assert( get4byte(findCell(pParent, iIdx))==iChild );
-  }
-}
-#else
-#  define assertParentIndex(x,y,z) 
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Move the cursor up to the parent page.
-**
-** pCur->idx is set to the cell index that contains the pointer
-** to the page we are coming from.  If we are coming from the
-** right-most child page then pCur->idx is set to one more than
-** the largest cell index.
-*/
-static void moveToParent(BtCursor *pCur){
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  assert( pCur->iPage>0 );
-  assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
-  assertParentIndex(
-    pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage-1], 
-    pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1], 
-    pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->pgno
-  );
-  releasePage(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]);
-  pCur->iPage--;
-  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
-  pCur->validNKey = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Move the cursor to point to the root page of its b-tree structure.
-**
-** If the table has a virtual root page, then the cursor is moved to point
-** to the virtual root page instead of the actual root page. A table has a
-** virtual root page when the actual root page contains no cells and a 
-** single child page. This can only happen with the table rooted at page 1.
-**
-** If the b-tree structure is empty, the cursor state is set to 
-** CURSOR_INVALID. Otherwise, the cursor is set to point to the first
-** cell located on the root (or virtual root) page and the cursor state
-** is set to CURSOR_VALID.
-**
-** If this function returns successfully, it may be assumed that the
-** page-header flags indicate that the [virtual] root-page is the expected 
-** kind of b-tree page (i.e. if when opening the cursor the caller did not
-** specify a KeyInfo structure the flags byte is set to 0x05 or 0x0D,
-** indicating a table b-tree, or if the caller did specify a KeyInfo 
-** structure the flags byte is set to 0x02 or 0x0A, indicating an index
-** b-tree).
-*/
-static int moveToRoot(BtCursor *pCur){
-  MemPage *pRoot;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  Btree *p = pCur->pBtree;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( CURSOR_INVALID < CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
-  assert( CURSOR_VALID   < CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
-  assert( CURSOR_FAULT   > CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
-  if( pCur->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ){
-    if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
-      assert( pCur->skipNext!=SQLITE_OK );
-      return pCur->skipNext;
-    }
-    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pCur);
-  }
-
-  if( pCur->iPage>=0 ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=1; i<=pCur->iPage; i++){
-      releasePage(pCur->apPage[i]);
-    }
-    pCur->iPage = 0;
-  }else{
-    rc = getAndInitPage(pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, &pCur->apPage[0]);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-      return rc;
-    }
-    pCur->iPage = 0;
-
-    /* If pCur->pKeyInfo is not NULL, then the caller that opened this cursor
-    ** expected to open it on an index b-tree. Otherwise, if pKeyInfo is
-    ** NULL, the caller expects a table b-tree. If this is not the case,
-    ** return an SQLITE_CORRUPT error.  */
-    assert( pCur->apPage[0]->intKey==1 || pCur->apPage[0]->intKey==0 );
-    if( (pCur->pKeyInfo==0)!=pCur->apPage[0]->intKey ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Assert that the root page is of the correct type. This must be the
-  ** case as the call to this function that loaded the root-page (either
-  ** this call or a previous invocation) would have detected corruption 
-  ** if the assumption were not true, and it is not possible for the flags 
-  ** byte to have been modified while this cursor is holding a reference
-  ** to the page.  */
-  pRoot = pCur->apPage[0];
-  assert( pRoot->pgno==pCur->pgnoRoot );
-  assert( pRoot->isInit && (pCur->pKeyInfo==0)==pRoot->intKey );
-
-  pCur->aiIdx[0] = 0;
-  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
-  pCur->atLast = 0;
-  pCur->validNKey = 0;
-
-  if( pRoot->nCell==0 && !pRoot->leaf ){
-    Pgno subpage;
-    if( pRoot->pgno!=1 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    subpage = get4byte(&pRoot->aData[pRoot->hdrOffset+8]);
-    pCur->eState = CURSOR_VALID;
-    rc = moveToChild(pCur, subpage);
-  }else{
-    pCur->eState = ((pRoot->nCell>0)?CURSOR_VALID:CURSOR_INVALID);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Move the cursor down to the left-most leaf entry beneath the
-** entry to which it is currently pointing.
-**
-** The left-most leaf is the one with the smallest key - the first
-** in ascending order.
-*/
-static int moveToLeftmost(BtCursor *pCur){
-  Pgno pgno;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  MemPage *pPage;
-
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && !(pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage])->leaf ){
-    assert( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]<pPage->nCell );
-    pgno = get4byte(findCell(pPage, pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]));
-    rc = moveToChild(pCur, pgno);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Move the cursor down to the right-most leaf entry beneath the
-** page to which it is currently pointing.  Notice the difference
-** between moveToLeftmost() and moveToRightmost().  moveToLeftmost()
-** finds the left-most entry beneath the *entry* whereas moveToRightmost()
-** finds the right-most entry beneath the *page*.
-**
-** The right-most entry is the one with the largest key - the last
-** key in ascending order.
-*/
-static int moveToRightmost(BtCursor *pCur){
-  Pgno pgno;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  MemPage *pPage = 0;
-
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && !(pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage])->leaf ){
-    pgno = get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]);
-    pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = pPage->nCell;
-    rc = moveToChild(pCur, pgno);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = pPage->nCell-1;
-    pCur->info.nSize = 0;
-    pCur->validNKey = 0;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* Move the cursor to the first entry in the table.  Return SQLITE_OK
-** on success.  Set *pRes to 0 if the cursor actually points to something
-** or set *pRes to 1 if the table is empty.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFirst(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
-  int rc;
-
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
-  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID ){
-      assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell==0 );
-      *pRes = 1;
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    }else{
-      assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell>0 );
-      *pRes = 0;
-      rc = moveToLeftmost(pCur);
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* Move the cursor to the last entry in the table.  Return SQLITE_OK
-** on success.  Set *pRes to 0 if the cursor actually points to something
-** or set *pRes to 1 if the table is empty.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
-  int rc;
- 
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
-
-  /* If the cursor already points to the last entry, this is a no-op. */
-  if( CURSOR_VALID==pCur->eState && pCur->atLast ){
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    /* This block serves to assert() that the cursor really does point 
-    ** to the last entry in the b-tree. */
-    int ii;
-    for(ii=0; ii<pCur->iPage; ii++){
-      assert( pCur->aiIdx[ii]==pCur->apPage[ii]->nCell );
-    }
-    assert( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]==pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell-1 );
-    assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->leaf );
-#endif
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
-      assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell==0 );
-      *pRes = 1;
-    }else{
-      assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-      *pRes = 0;
-      rc = moveToRightmost(pCur);
-      pCur->atLast = rc==SQLITE_OK ?1:0;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* Move the cursor so that it points to an entry near the key 
-** specified by pIdxKey or intKey.   Return a success code.
-**
-** For INTKEY tables, the intKey parameter is used.  pIdxKey 
-** must be NULL.  For index tables, pIdxKey is used and intKey
-** is ignored.
-**
-** If an exact match is not found, then the cursor is always
-** left pointing at a leaf page which would hold the entry if it
-** were present.  The cursor might point to an entry that comes
-** before or after the key.
-**
-** An integer is written into *pRes which is the result of
-** comparing the key with the entry to which the cursor is 
-** pointing.  The meaning of the integer written into
-** *pRes is as follows:
-**
-**     *pRes<0      The cursor is left pointing at an entry that
-**                  is smaller than intKey/pIdxKey or if the table is empty
-**                  and the cursor is therefore left point to nothing.
-**
-**     *pRes==0     The cursor is left pointing at an entry that
-**                  exactly matches intKey/pIdxKey.
-**
-**     *pRes>0      The cursor is left pointing at an entry that
-**                  is larger than intKey/pIdxKey.
-**
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
-  BtCursor *pCur,          /* The cursor to be moved */
-  UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey, /* Unpacked index key */
-  i64 intKey,              /* The table key */
-  int biasRight,           /* If true, bias the search to the high end */
-  int *pRes                /* Write search results here */
-){
-  int rc;
-
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
-  assert( pRes );
-  assert( (pIdxKey==0)==(pCur->pKeyInfo==0) );
-
-  /* If the cursor is already positioned at the point we are trying
-  ** to move to, then just return without doing any work */
-  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID && pCur->validNKey 
-   && pCur->apPage[0]->intKey 
-  ){
-    if( pCur->info.nKey==intKey ){
-      *pRes = 0;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-    if( pCur->atLast && pCur->info.nKey<intKey ){
-      *pRes = -1;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-  }
-
-  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
-  if( rc ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
-  assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->isInit );
-  assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell>0 || pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID );
-  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID ){
-    *pRes = -1;
-    assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell==0 );
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  assert( pCur->apPage[0]->intKey || pIdxKey );
-  for(;;){
-    int lwr, upr;
-    Pgno chldPg;
-    MemPage *pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
-    int c;
-
-    /* pPage->nCell must be greater than zero. If this is the root-page
-    ** the cursor would have been INVALID above and this for(;;) loop
-    ** not run. If this is not the root-page, then the moveToChild() routine
-    ** would have already detected db corruption. Similarly, pPage must
-    ** be the right kind (index or table) of b-tree page. Otherwise
-    ** a moveToChild() or moveToRoot() call would have detected corruption.  */
-    assert( pPage->nCell>0 );
-    assert( pPage->intKey==(pIdxKey==0) );
-    lwr = 0;
-    upr = pPage->nCell-1;
-    if( biasRight ){
-      pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = (u16)upr;
-    }else{
-      pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = (u16)((upr+lwr)/2);
-    }
-    for(;;){
-      int idx = pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]; /* Index of current cell in pPage */
-      u8 *pCell;                          /* Pointer to current cell in pPage */
-
-      pCur->info.nSize = 0;
-      pCell = findCell(pPage, idx) + pPage->childPtrSize;
-      if( pPage->intKey ){
-        i64 nCellKey;
-        if( pPage->hasData ){
-          u32 dummy;
-          pCell += getVarint32(pCell, dummy);
-        }
-        getVarint(pCell, (u64*)&nCellKey);
-        if( nCellKey==intKey ){
-          c = 0;
-        }else if( nCellKey<intKey ){
-          c = -1;
-        }else{
-          assert( nCellKey>intKey );
-          c = +1;
-        }
-        pCur->validNKey = 1;
-        pCur->info.nKey = nCellKey;
-      }else{
-        /* The maximum supported page-size is 32768 bytes. This means that
-        ** the maximum number of record bytes stored on an index B-Tree
-        ** page is at most 8198 bytes, which may be stored as a 2-byte
-        ** varint. This information is used to attempt to avoid parsing 
-        ** the entire cell by checking for the cases where the record is 
-        ** stored entirely within the b-tree page by inspecting the first 
-        ** 2 bytes of the cell.
-        */
-        int nCell = pCell[0];
-        if( !(nCell & 0x80) && nCell<=pPage->maxLocal ){
-          /* This branch runs if the record-size field of the cell is a
-          ** single byte varint and the record fits entirely on the main
-          ** b-tree page.  */
-          c = sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(nCell, (void*)&pCell[1], pIdxKey);
-        }else if( !(pCell[1] & 0x80) 
-          && (nCell = ((nCell&0x7f)<<7) + pCell[1])<=pPage->maxLocal
-        ){
-          /* The record-size field is a 2 byte varint and the record 
-          ** fits entirely on the main b-tree page.  */
-          c = sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(nCell, (void*)&pCell[2], pIdxKey);
-        }else{
-          /* The record flows over onto one or more overflow pages. In
-          ** this case the whole cell needs to be parsed, a buffer allocated
-          ** and accessPayload() used to retrieve the record into the
-          ** buffer before VdbeRecordCompare() can be called. */
-          void *pCellKey;
-          u8 * const pCellBody = pCell - pPage->childPtrSize;
-          btreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCellBody, &pCur->info);
-          nCell = (int)pCur->info.nKey;
-          pCellKey = sqlite3Malloc( nCell );
-          if( pCellKey==0 ){
-            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-            goto moveto_finish;
-          }
-          rc = accessPayload(pCur, 0, nCell, (unsigned char*)pCellKey, 0);
-          if( rc ){
-            sqlite3_free(pCellKey);
-            goto moveto_finish;
-          }
-          c = sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(nCell, pCellKey, pIdxKey);
-          sqlite3_free(pCellKey);
-        }
-      }
-      if( c==0 ){
-        if( pPage->intKey && !pPage->leaf ){
-          lwr = idx;
-          upr = lwr - 1;
-          break;
-        }else{
-          *pRes = 0;
-          rc = SQLITE_OK;
-          goto moveto_finish;
-        }
-      }
-      if( c<0 ){
-        lwr = idx+1;
-      }else{
-        upr = idx-1;
-      }
-      if( lwr>upr ){
-        break;
-      }
-      pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = (u16)((lwr+upr)/2);
-    }
-    assert( lwr==upr+1 );
-    assert( pPage->isInit );
-    if( pPage->leaf ){
-      chldPg = 0;
-    }else if( lwr>=pPage->nCell ){
-      chldPg = get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]);
-    }else{
-      chldPg = get4byte(findCell(pPage, lwr));
-    }
-    if( chldPg==0 ){
-      assert( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
-      *pRes = c;
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      goto moveto_finish;
-    }
-    pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = (u16)lwr;
-    pCur->info.nSize = 0;
-    pCur->validNKey = 0;
-    rc = moveToChild(pCur, chldPg);
-    if( rc ) goto moveto_finish;
-  }
-moveto_finish:
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if the cursor is not pointing at an entry of the table.
-**
-** TRUE will be returned after a call to sqlite3BtreeNext() moves
-** past the last entry in the table or sqlite3BtreePrev() moves past
-** the first entry.  TRUE is also returned if the table is empty.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeEof(BtCursor *pCur){
-  /* TODO: What if the cursor is in CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK but all table entries
-  ** have been deleted? This API will need to change to return an error code
-  ** as well as the boolean result value.
-  */
-  return (CURSOR_VALID!=pCur->eState);
-}
-
-/*
-** Advance the cursor to the next entry in the database.  If
-** successful then set *pRes=0.  If the cursor
-** was already pointing to the last entry in the database before
-** this routine was called, then set *pRes=1.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
-  int rc;
-  int idx;
-  MemPage *pPage;
-
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  assert( pRes!=0 );
-  if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
-    *pRes = 1;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  if( pCur->skipNext>0 ){
-    pCur->skipNext = 0;
-    *pRes = 0;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  pCur->skipNext = 0;
-
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
-  idx = ++pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage];
-  assert( pPage->isInit );
-  assert( idx<=pPage->nCell );
-
-  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
-  pCur->validNKey = 0;
-  if( idx>=pPage->nCell ){
-    if( !pPage->leaf ){
-      rc = moveToChild(pCur, get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]));
-      if( rc ) return rc;
-      rc = moveToLeftmost(pCur);
-      *pRes = 0;
-      return rc;
-    }
-    do{
-      if( pCur->iPage==0 ){
-        *pRes = 1;
-        pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-        return SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-      moveToParent(pCur);
-      pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
-    }while( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]>=pPage->nCell );
-    *pRes = 0;
-    if( pPage->intKey ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pCur, pRes);
-    }else{
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-    return rc;
-  }
-  *pRes = 0;
-  if( pPage->leaf ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  rc = moveToLeftmost(pCur);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Step the cursor to the back to the previous entry in the database.  If
-** successful then set *pRes=0.  If the cursor
-** was already pointing to the first entry in the database before
-** this routine was called, then set *pRes=1.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
-  int rc;
-  MemPage *pPage;
-
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  pCur->atLast = 0;
-  if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
-    *pRes = 1;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  if( pCur->skipNext<0 ){
-    pCur->skipNext = 0;
-    *pRes = 0;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  pCur->skipNext = 0;
-
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
-  assert( pPage->isInit );
-  if( !pPage->leaf ){
-    int idx = pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage];
-    rc = moveToChild(pCur, get4byte(findCell(pPage, idx)));
-    if( rc ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    rc = moveToRightmost(pCur);
-  }else{
-    while( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]==0 ){
-      if( pCur->iPage==0 ){
-        pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-        *pRes = 1;
-        return SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-      moveToParent(pCur);
-    }
-    pCur->info.nSize = 0;
-    pCur->validNKey = 0;
-
-    pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]--;
-    pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
-    if( pPage->intKey && !pPage->leaf ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCur, pRes);
-    }else{
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-  }
-  *pRes = 0;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate a new page from the database file.
-**
-** The new page is marked as dirty.  (In other words, sqlite3PagerWrite()
-** has already been called on the new page.)  The new page has also
-** been referenced and the calling routine is responsible for calling
-** sqlite3PagerUnref() on the new page when it is done.
-**
-** SQLITE_OK is returned on success.  Any other return value indicates
-** an error.  *ppPage and *pPgno are undefined in the event of an error.
-** Do not invoke sqlite3PagerUnref() on *ppPage if an error is returned.
-**
-** If the "nearby" parameter is not 0, then a (feeble) effort is made to 
-** locate a page close to the page number "nearby".  This can be used in an
-** attempt to keep related pages close to each other in the database file,
-** which in turn can make database access faster.
-**
-** If the "exact" parameter is not 0, and the page-number nearby exists 
-** anywhere on the free-list, then it is guarenteed to be returned. This
-** is only used by auto-vacuum databases when allocating a new table.
-*/
-static int allocateBtreePage(
-  BtShared *pBt, 
-  MemPage **ppPage, 
-  Pgno *pPgno, 
-  Pgno nearby,
-  u8 exact
-){
-  MemPage *pPage1;
-  int rc;
-  u32 n;     /* Number of pages on the freelist */
-  u32 k;     /* Number of leaves on the trunk of the freelist */
-  MemPage *pTrunk = 0;
-  MemPage *pPrevTrunk = 0;
-  Pgno mxPage;     /* Total size of the database file */
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  pPage1 = pBt->pPage1;
-  mxPage = pagerPagecount(pBt);
-  n = get4byte(&pPage1->aData[36]);
-  testcase( n==mxPage-1 );
-  if( n>=mxPage ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  }
-  if( n>0 ){
-    /* There are pages on the freelist.  Reuse one of those pages. */
-    Pgno iTrunk;
-    u8 searchList = 0; /* If the free-list must be searched for 'nearby' */
-    
-    /* If the 'exact' parameter was true and a query of the pointer-map
-    ** shows that the page 'nearby' is somewhere on the free-list, then
-    ** the entire-list will be searched for that page.
-    */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( exact && nearby<=mxPage ){
-      u8 eType;
-      assert( nearby>0 );
-      assert( pBt->autoVacuum );
-      rc = ptrmapGet(pBt, nearby, &eType, 0);
-      if( rc ) return rc;
-      if( eType==PTRMAP_FREEPAGE ){
-        searchList = 1;
-      }
-      *pPgno = nearby;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* Decrement the free-list count by 1. Set iTrunk to the index of the
-    ** first free-list trunk page. iPrevTrunk is initially 1.
-    */
-    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage1->pDbPage);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-    put4byte(&pPage1->aData[36], n-1);
-
-    /* The code within this loop is run only once if the 'searchList' variable
-    ** is not true. Otherwise, it runs once for each trunk-page on the
-    ** free-list until the page 'nearby' is located.
-    */
-    do {
-      pPrevTrunk = pTrunk;
-      if( pPrevTrunk ){
-        iTrunk = get4byte(&pPrevTrunk->aData[0]);
-      }else{
-        iTrunk = get4byte(&pPage1->aData[32]);
-      }
-      testcase( iTrunk==mxPage );
-      if( iTrunk>mxPage ){
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      }else{
-        rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iTrunk, &pTrunk, 0);
-      }
-      if( rc ){
-        pTrunk = 0;
-        goto end_allocate_page;
-      }
-
-      k = get4byte(&pTrunk->aData[4]);
-      if( k==0 && !searchList ){
-        /* The trunk has no leaves and the list is not being searched. 
-        ** So extract the trunk page itself and use it as the newly 
-        ** allocated page */
-        assert( pPrevTrunk==0 );
-        rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pTrunk->pDbPage);
-        if( rc ){
-          goto end_allocate_page;
-        }
-        *pPgno = iTrunk;
-        memcpy(&pPage1->aData[32], &pTrunk->aData[0], 4);
-        *ppPage = pTrunk;
-        pTrunk = 0;
-        TRACE(("ALLOCATE: %d trunk - %d free pages left\n", *pPgno, n-1));
-      }else if( k>(u32)(pBt->usableSize/4 - 2) ){
-        /* Value of k is out of range.  Database corruption */
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        goto end_allocate_page;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-      }else if( searchList && nearby==iTrunk ){
-        /* The list is being searched and this trunk page is the page
-        ** to allocate, regardless of whether it has leaves.
-        */
-        assert( *pPgno==iTrunk );
-        *ppPage = pTrunk;
-        searchList = 0;
-        rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pTrunk->pDbPage);
-        if( rc ){
-          goto end_allocate_page;
-        }
-        if( k==0 ){
-          if( !pPrevTrunk ){
-            memcpy(&pPage1->aData[32], &pTrunk->aData[0], 4);
-          }else{
-            memcpy(&pPrevTrunk->aData[0], &pTrunk->aData[0], 4);
-          }
-        }else{
-          /* The trunk page is required by the caller but it contains 
-          ** pointers to free-list leaves. The first leaf becomes a trunk
-          ** page in this case.
-          */
-          MemPage *pNewTrunk;
-          Pgno iNewTrunk = get4byte(&pTrunk->aData[8]);
-          if( iNewTrunk>mxPage ){ 
-            rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-            goto end_allocate_page;
-          }
-          testcase( iNewTrunk==mxPage );
-          rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iNewTrunk, &pNewTrunk, 0);
-          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-            goto end_allocate_page;
-          }
-          rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pNewTrunk->pDbPage);
-          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-            releasePage(pNewTrunk);
-            goto end_allocate_page;
-          }
-          memcpy(&pNewTrunk->aData[0], &pTrunk->aData[0], 4);
-          put4byte(&pNewTrunk->aData[4], k-1);
-          memcpy(&pNewTrunk->aData[8], &pTrunk->aData[12], (k-1)*4);
-          releasePage(pNewTrunk);
-          if( !pPrevTrunk ){
-            assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage1->pDbPage) );
-            put4byte(&pPage1->aData[32], iNewTrunk);
-          }else{
-            rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPrevTrunk->pDbPage);
-            if( rc ){
-              goto end_allocate_page;
-            }
-            put4byte(&pPrevTrunk->aData[0], iNewTrunk);
-          }
-        }
-        pTrunk = 0;
-        TRACE(("ALLOCATE: %d trunk - %d free pages left\n", *pPgno, n-1));
-#endif
-      }else if( k>0 ){
-        /* Extract a leaf from the trunk */
-        u32 closest;
-        Pgno iPage;
-        unsigned char *aData = pTrunk->aData;
-        rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pTrunk->pDbPage);
-        if( rc ){
-          goto end_allocate_page;
-        }
-        if( nearby>0 ){
-          u32 i;
-          int dist;
-          closest = 0;
-          dist = get4byte(&aData[8]) - nearby;
-          if( dist<0 ) dist = -dist;
-          for(i=1; i<k; i++){
-            int d2 = get4byte(&aData[8+i*4]) - nearby;
-            if( d2<0 ) d2 = -d2;
-            if( d2<dist ){
-              closest = i;
-              dist = d2;
-            }
-          }
-        }else{
-          closest = 0;
-        }
-
-        iPage = get4byte(&aData[8+closest*4]);
-        testcase( iPage==mxPage );
-        if( iPage>mxPage ){
-          rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-          goto end_allocate_page;
-        }
-        testcase( iPage==mxPage );
-        if( !searchList || iPage==nearby ){
-          int noContent;
-          *pPgno = iPage;
-          TRACE(("ALLOCATE: %d was leaf %d of %d on trunk %d"
-                 ": %d more free pages\n",
-                 *pPgno, closest+1, k, pTrunk->pgno, n-1));
-          if( closest<k-1 ){
-            memcpy(&aData[8+closest*4], &aData[4+k*4], 4);
-          }
-          put4byte(&aData[4], k-1);
-          assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pTrunk->pDbPage) );
-          noContent = !btreeGetHasContent(pBt, *pPgno);
-          rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, *pPgno, ppPage, noContent);
-          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-            rc = sqlite3PagerWrite((*ppPage)->pDbPage);
-            if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-              releasePage(*ppPage);
-            }
-          }
-          searchList = 0;
-        }
-      }
-      releasePage(pPrevTrunk);
-      pPrevTrunk = 0;
-    }while( searchList );
-  }else{
-    /* There are no pages on the freelist, so create a new page at the
-    ** end of the file */
-    int nPage = pagerPagecount(pBt);
-    *pPgno = nPage + 1;
-
-    if( *pPgno==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
-      (*pPgno)++;
-    }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( pBt->autoVacuum && PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, *pPgno) ){
-      /* If *pPgno refers to a pointer-map page, allocate two new pages
-      ** at the end of the file instead of one. The first allocated page
-      ** becomes a new pointer-map page, the second is used by the caller.
-      */
-      MemPage *pPg = 0;
-      TRACE(("ALLOCATE: %d from end of file (pointer-map page)\n", *pPgno));
-      assert( *pPgno!=PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) );
-      rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, *pPgno, &pPg, 0);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPg->pDbPage);
-        releasePage(pPg);
-      }
-      if( rc ) return rc;
-      (*pPgno)++;
-      if( *pPgno==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){ (*pPgno)++; }
-    }
-#endif
-
-    assert( *pPgno!=PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) );
-    rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, *pPgno, ppPage, 0);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite((*ppPage)->pDbPage);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      releasePage(*ppPage);
-    }
-    TRACE(("ALLOCATE: %d from end of file\n", *pPgno));
-  }
-
-  assert( *pPgno!=PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) );
-
-end_allocate_page:
-  releasePage(pTrunk);
-  releasePage(pPrevTrunk);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( sqlite3PagerPageRefcount((*ppPage)->pDbPage)>1 ){
-      releasePage(*ppPage);
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-    (*ppPage)->isInit = 0;
-  }else{
-    *ppPage = 0;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is used to add page iPage to the database file free-list. 
-** It is assumed that the page is not already a part of the free-list.
-**
-** The value passed as the second argument to this function is optional.
-** If the caller happens to have a pointer to the MemPage object 
-** corresponding to page iPage handy, it may pass it as the second value. 
-** Otherwise, it may pass NULL.
-**
-** If a pointer to a MemPage object is passed as the second argument,
-** its reference count is not altered by this function.
-*/
-static int freePage2(BtShared *pBt, MemPage *pMemPage, Pgno iPage){
-  MemPage *pTrunk = 0;                /* Free-list trunk page */
-  Pgno iTrunk = 0;                    /* Page number of free-list trunk page */ 
-  MemPage *pPage1 = pBt->pPage1;      /* Local reference to page 1 */
-  MemPage *pPage;                     /* Page being freed. May be NULL. */
-  int rc;                             /* Return Code */
-  int nFree;                          /* Initial number of pages on free-list */
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( iPage>1 );
-  assert( !pMemPage || pMemPage->pgno==iPage );
-
-  if( pMemPage ){
-    pPage = pMemPage;
-    sqlite3PagerRef(pPage->pDbPage);
-  }else{
-    pPage = btreePageLookup(pBt, iPage);
-  }
-
-  /* Increment the free page count on pPage1 */
-  rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage1->pDbPage);
-  if( rc ) goto freepage_out;
-  nFree = get4byte(&pPage1->aData[36]);
-  put4byte(&pPage1->aData[36], nFree+1);
-
-  if( pBt->secureDelete ){
-    /* If the secure_delete option is enabled, then
-    ** always fully overwrite deleted information with zeros.
-    */
-    if( (!pPage && ((rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iPage, &pPage, 0))!=0) )
-     ||            ((rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage))!=0)
-    ){
-      goto freepage_out;
-    }
-    memset(pPage->aData, 0, pPage->pBt->pageSize);
-  }
-
-  /* If the database supports auto-vacuum, write an entry in the pointer-map
-  ** to indicate that the page is free.
-  */
-  if( ISAUTOVACUUM ){
-    ptrmapPut(pBt, iPage, PTRMAP_FREEPAGE, 0, &rc);
-    if( rc ) goto freepage_out;
-  }
-
-  /* Now manipulate the actual database free-list structure. There are two
-  ** possibilities. If the free-list is currently empty, or if the first
-  ** trunk page in the free-list is full, then this page will become a
-  ** new free-list trunk page. Otherwise, it will become a leaf of the
-  ** first trunk page in the current free-list. This block tests if it
-  ** is possible to add the page as a new free-list leaf.
-  */
-  if( nFree!=0 ){
-    u32 nLeaf;                /* Initial number of leaf cells on trunk page */
-
-    iTrunk = get4byte(&pPage1->aData[32]);
-    rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iTrunk, &pTrunk, 0);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto freepage_out;
-    }
-
-    nLeaf = get4byte(&pTrunk->aData[4]);
-    assert( pBt->usableSize>32 );
-    if( nLeaf > (u32)pBt->usableSize/4 - 2 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      goto freepage_out;
-    }
-    if( nLeaf < (u32)pBt->usableSize/4 - 8 ){
-      /* In this case there is room on the trunk page to insert the page
-      ** being freed as a new leaf.
-      **
-      ** Note that the trunk page is not really full until it contains
-      ** usableSize/4 - 2 entries, not usableSize/4 - 8 entries as we have
-      ** coded.  But due to a coding error in versions of SQLite prior to
-      ** 3.6.0, databases with freelist trunk pages holding more than
-      ** usableSize/4 - 8 entries will be reported as corrupt.  In order
-      ** to maintain backwards compatibility with older versions of SQLite,
-      ** we will continue to restrict the number of entries to usableSize/4 - 8
-      ** for now.  At some point in the future (once everyone has upgraded
-      ** to 3.6.0 or later) we should consider fixing the conditional above
-      ** to read "usableSize/4-2" instead of "usableSize/4-8".
-      */
-      rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pTrunk->pDbPage);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        put4byte(&pTrunk->aData[4], nLeaf+1);
-        put4byte(&pTrunk->aData[8+nLeaf*4], iPage);
-        if( pPage && !pBt->secureDelete ){
-          sqlite3PagerDontWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
-        }
-        rc = btreeSetHasContent(pBt, iPage);
-      }
-      TRACE(("FREE-PAGE: %d leaf on trunk page %d\n",pPage->pgno,pTrunk->pgno));
-      goto freepage_out;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If control flows to this point, then it was not possible to add the
-  ** the page being freed as a leaf page of the first trunk in the free-list.
-  ** Possibly because the free-list is empty, or possibly because the 
-  ** first trunk in the free-list is full. Either way, the page being freed
-  ** will become the new first trunk page in the free-list.
-  */
-  if( pPage==0 && SQLITE_OK!=(rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iPage, &pPage, 0)) ){
-    goto freepage_out;
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    goto freepage_out;
-  }
-  put4byte(pPage->aData, iTrunk);
-  put4byte(&pPage->aData[4], 0);
-  put4byte(&pPage1->aData[32], iPage);
-  TRACE(("FREE-PAGE: %d new trunk page replacing %d\n", pPage->pgno, iTrunk));
-
-freepage_out:
-  if( pPage ){
-    pPage->isInit = 0;
-  }
-  releasePage(pPage);
-  releasePage(pTrunk);
-  return rc;
-}
-static void freePage(MemPage *pPage, int *pRC){
-  if( (*pRC)==SQLITE_OK ){
-    *pRC = freePage2(pPage->pBt, pPage, pPage->pgno);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Free any overflow pages associated with the given Cell.
-*/
-static int clearCell(MemPage *pPage, unsigned char *pCell){
-  BtShared *pBt = pPage->pBt;
-  CellInfo info;
-  Pgno ovflPgno;
-  int rc;
-  int nOvfl;
-  u16 ovflPageSize;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  btreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCell, &info);
-  if( info.iOverflow==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;  /* No overflow pages. Return without doing anything */
-  }
-  ovflPgno = get4byte(&pCell[info.iOverflow]);
-  assert( pBt->usableSize > 4 );
-  ovflPageSize = pBt->usableSize - 4;
-  nOvfl = (info.nPayload - info.nLocal + ovflPageSize - 1)/ovflPageSize;
-  assert( ovflPgno==0 || nOvfl>0 );
-  while( nOvfl-- ){
-    Pgno iNext = 0;
-    MemPage *pOvfl = 0;
-    if( ovflPgno<2 || ovflPgno>pagerPagecount(pBt) ){
-      /* 0 is not a legal page number and page 1 cannot be an 
-      ** overflow page. Therefore if ovflPgno<2 or past the end of the 
-      ** file the database must be corrupt. */
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-    if( nOvfl ){
-      rc = getOverflowPage(pBt, ovflPgno, &pOvfl, &iNext);
-      if( rc ) return rc;
-    }
-
-    if( ( pOvfl || ((pOvfl = btreePageLookup(pBt, ovflPgno))!=0) )
-     && sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(pOvfl->pDbPage)!=1
-    ){
-      /* There is no reason any cursor should have an outstanding reference 
-      ** to an overflow page belonging to a cell that is being deleted/updated.
-      ** So if there exists more than one reference to this page, then it 
-      ** must not really be an overflow page and the database must be corrupt. 
-      ** It is helpful to detect this before calling freePage2(), as 
-      ** freePage2() may zero the page contents if secure-delete mode is
-      ** enabled. If this 'overflow' page happens to be a page that the
-      ** caller is iterating through or using in some other way, this
-      ** can be problematic.
-      */
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }else{
-      rc = freePage2(pBt, pOvfl, ovflPgno);
-    }
-
-    if( pOvfl ){
-      sqlite3PagerUnref(pOvfl->pDbPage);
-    }
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-    ovflPgno = iNext;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create the byte sequence used to represent a cell on page pPage
-** and write that byte sequence into pCell[].  Overflow pages are
-** allocated and filled in as necessary.  The calling procedure
-** is responsible for making sure sufficient space has been allocated
-** for pCell[].
-**
-** Note that pCell does not necessary need to point to the pPage->aData
-** area.  pCell might point to some temporary storage.  The cell will
-** be constructed in this temporary area then copied into pPage->aData
-** later.
-*/
-static int fillInCell(
-  MemPage *pPage,                /* The page that contains the cell */
-  unsigned char *pCell,          /* Complete text of the cell */
-  const void *pKey, i64 nKey,    /* The key */
-  const void *pData,int nData,   /* The data */
-  int nZero,                     /* Extra zero bytes to append to pData */
-  int *pnSize                    /* Write cell size here */
-){
-  int nPayload;
-  const u8 *pSrc;
-  int nSrc, n, rc;
-  int spaceLeft;
-  MemPage *pOvfl = 0;
-  MemPage *pToRelease = 0;
-  unsigned char *pPrior;
-  unsigned char *pPayload;
-  BtShared *pBt = pPage->pBt;
-  Pgno pgnoOvfl = 0;
-  int nHeader;
-  CellInfo info;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-
-  /* pPage is not necessarily writeable since pCell might be auxiliary
-  ** buffer space that is separate from the pPage buffer area */
-  assert( pCell<pPage->aData || pCell>=&pPage->aData[pBt->pageSize]
-            || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-
-  /* Fill in the header. */
-  nHeader = 0;
-  if( !pPage->leaf ){
-    nHeader += 4;
-  }
-  if( pPage->hasData ){
-    nHeader += putVarint(&pCell[nHeader], nData+nZero);
-  }else{
-    nData = nZero = 0;
-  }
-  nHeader += putVarint(&pCell[nHeader], *(u64*)&nKey);
-  btreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCell, &info);
-  assert( info.nHeader==nHeader );
-  assert( info.nKey==nKey );
-  assert( info.nData==(u32)(nData+nZero) );
-  
-  /* Fill in the payload */
-  nPayload = nData + nZero;
-  if( pPage->intKey ){
-    pSrc = pData;
-    nSrc = nData;
-    nData = 0;
-  }else{ 
-    if( NEVER(nKey>0x7fffffff || pKey==0) ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-    nPayload += (int)nKey;
-    pSrc = pKey;
-    nSrc = (int)nKey;
-  }
-  *pnSize = info.nSize;
-  spaceLeft = info.nLocal;
-  pPayload = &pCell[nHeader];
-  pPrior = &pCell[info.iOverflow];
-
-  while( nPayload>0 ){
-    if( spaceLeft==0 ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-      Pgno pgnoPtrmap = pgnoOvfl; /* Overflow page pointer-map entry page */
-      if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
-        do{
-          pgnoOvfl++;
-        } while( 
-          PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, pgnoOvfl) || pgnoOvfl==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) 
-        );
-      }
-#endif
-      rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt, &pOvfl, &pgnoOvfl, pgnoOvfl, 0);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-      /* If the database supports auto-vacuum, and the second or subsequent
-      ** overflow page is being allocated, add an entry to the pointer-map
-      ** for that page now. 
-      **
-      ** If this is the first overflow page, then write a partial entry 
-      ** to the pointer-map. If we write nothing to this pointer-map slot,
-      ** then the optimistic overflow chain processing in clearCell()
-      ** may misinterpret the uninitialised values and delete the
-      ** wrong pages from the database.
-      */
-      if( pBt->autoVacuum && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        u8 eType = (pgnoPtrmap?PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2:PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1);
-        ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoOvfl, eType, pgnoPtrmap, &rc);
-        if( rc ){
-          releasePage(pOvfl);
-        }
-      }
-#endif
-      if( rc ){
-        releasePage(pToRelease);
-        return rc;
-      }
-
-      /* If pToRelease is not zero than pPrior points into the data area
-      ** of pToRelease.  Make sure pToRelease is still writeable. */
-      assert( pToRelease==0 || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pToRelease->pDbPage) );
-
-      /* If pPrior is part of the data area of pPage, then make sure pPage
-      ** is still writeable */
-      assert( pPrior<pPage->aData || pPrior>=&pPage->aData[pBt->pageSize]
-            || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-
-      put4byte(pPrior, pgnoOvfl);
-      releasePage(pToRelease);
-      pToRelease = pOvfl;
-      pPrior = pOvfl->aData;
-      put4byte(pPrior, 0);
-      pPayload = &pOvfl->aData[4];
-      spaceLeft = pBt->usableSize - 4;
-    }
-    n = nPayload;
-    if( n>spaceLeft ) n = spaceLeft;
-
-    /* If pToRelease is not zero than pPayload points into the data area
-    ** of pToRelease.  Make sure pToRelease is still writeable. */
-    assert( pToRelease==0 || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pToRelease->pDbPage) );
-
-    /* If pPayload is part of the data area of pPage, then make sure pPage
-    ** is still writeable */
-    assert( pPayload<pPage->aData || pPayload>=&pPage->aData[pBt->pageSize]
-            || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-
-    if( nSrc>0 ){
-      if( n>nSrc ) n = nSrc;
-      assert( pSrc );
-      memcpy(pPayload, pSrc, n);
-    }else{
-      memset(pPayload, 0, n);
-    }
-    nPayload -= n;
-    pPayload += n;
-    pSrc += n;
-    nSrc -= n;
-    spaceLeft -= n;
-    if( nSrc==0 ){
-      nSrc = nData;
-      pSrc = pData;
-    }
-  }
-  releasePage(pToRelease);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Remove the i-th cell from pPage.  This routine effects pPage only.
-** The cell content is not freed or deallocated.  It is assumed that
-** the cell content has been copied someplace else.  This routine just
-** removes the reference to the cell from pPage.
-**
-** "sz" must be the number of bytes in the cell.
-*/
-static void dropCell(MemPage *pPage, int idx, int sz, int *pRC){
-  int i;          /* Loop counter */
-  int pc;         /* Offset to cell content of cell being deleted */
-  u8 *data;       /* pPage->aData */
-  u8 *ptr;        /* Used to move bytes around within data[] */
-  int rc;         /* The return code */
-  int hdr;        /* Beginning of the header.  0 most pages.  100 page 1 */
-
-  if( *pRC ) return;
-
-  assert( idx>=0 && idx<pPage->nCell );
-  assert( sz==cellSize(pPage, idx) );
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  data = pPage->aData;
-  ptr = &data[pPage->cellOffset + 2*idx];
-  pc = get2byte(ptr);
-  hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
-  testcase( pc==get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) );
-  testcase( pc+sz==pPage->pBt->usableSize );
-  if( pc < get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) || pc+sz > pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
-    *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    return;
-  }
-  rc = freeSpace(pPage, pc, sz);
-  if( rc ){
-    *pRC = rc;
-    return;
-  }
-  for(i=idx+1; i<pPage->nCell; i++, ptr+=2){
-    ptr[0] = ptr[2];
-    ptr[1] = ptr[3];
-  }
-  pPage->nCell--;
-  put2byte(&data[hdr+3], pPage->nCell);
-  pPage->nFree += 2;
-}
-
-/*
-** Insert a new cell on pPage at cell index "i".  pCell points to the
-** content of the cell.
-**
-** If the cell content will fit on the page, then put it there.  If it
-** will not fit, then make a copy of the cell content into pTemp if
-** pTemp is not null.  Regardless of pTemp, allocate a new entry
-** in pPage->aOvfl[] and make it point to the cell content (either
-** in pTemp or the original pCell) and also record its index. 
-** Allocating a new entry in pPage->aCell[] implies that 
-** pPage->nOverflow is incremented.
-**
-** If nSkip is non-zero, then do not copy the first nSkip bytes of the
-** cell. The caller will overwrite them after this function returns. If
-** nSkip is non-zero, then pCell may not point to an invalid memory location 
-** (but pCell+nSkip is always valid).
-*/
-static void insertCell(
-  MemPage *pPage,   /* Page into which we are copying */
-  int i,            /* New cell becomes the i-th cell of the page */
-  u8 *pCell,        /* Content of the new cell */
-  int sz,           /* Bytes of content in pCell */
-  u8 *pTemp,        /* Temp storage space for pCell, if needed */
-  Pgno iChild,      /* If non-zero, replace first 4 bytes with this value */
-  int *pRC          /* Read and write return code from here */
-){
-  int idx = 0;      /* Where to write new cell content in data[] */
-  int j;            /* Loop counter */
-  int end;          /* First byte past the last cell pointer in data[] */
-  int ins;          /* Index in data[] where new cell pointer is inserted */
-  int cellOffset;   /* Address of first cell pointer in data[] */
-  u8 *data;         /* The content of the whole page */
-  u8 *ptr;          /* Used for moving information around in data[] */
-
-  int nSkip = (iChild ? 4 : 0);
-
-  if( *pRC ) return;
-
-  assert( i>=0 && i<=pPage->nCell+pPage->nOverflow );
-  assert( pPage->nCell<=MX_CELL(pPage->pBt) && MX_CELL(pPage->pBt)<=5460 );
-  assert( pPage->nOverflow<=ArraySize(pPage->aOvfl) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  /* The cell should normally be sized correctly.  However, when moving a
-  ** malformed cell from a leaf page to an interior page, if the cell size
-  ** wanted to be less than 4 but got rounded up to 4 on the leaf, then size
-  ** might be less than 8 (leaf-size + pointer) on the interior node.  Hence
-  ** the term after the || in the following assert(). */
-  assert( sz==cellSizePtr(pPage, pCell) || (sz==8 && iChild>0) );
-  if( pPage->nOverflow || sz+2>pPage->nFree ){
-    if( pTemp ){
-      memcpy(pTemp+nSkip, pCell+nSkip, sz-nSkip);
-      pCell = pTemp;
-    }
-    if( iChild ){
-      put4byte(pCell, iChild);
-    }
-    j = pPage->nOverflow++;
-    assert( j<(int)(sizeof(pPage->aOvfl)/sizeof(pPage->aOvfl[0])) );
-    pPage->aOvfl[j].pCell = pCell;
-    pPage->aOvfl[j].idx = (u16)i;
-  }else{
-    int rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      *pRC = rc;
-      return;
-    }
-    assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-    data = pPage->aData;
-    cellOffset = pPage->cellOffset;
-    end = cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
-    ins = cellOffset + 2*i;
-    rc = allocateSpace(pPage, sz, &idx);
-    if( rc ){ *pRC = rc; return; }
-    /* The allocateSpace() routine guarantees the following two properties
-    ** if it returns success */
-    assert( idx >= end+2 );
-    assert( idx+sz <= pPage->pBt->usableSize );
-    pPage->nCell++;
-    pPage->nFree -= (u16)(2 + sz);
-    memcpy(&data[idx+nSkip], pCell+nSkip, sz-nSkip);
-    if( iChild ){
-      put4byte(&data[idx], iChild);
-    }
-    for(j=end, ptr=&data[j]; j>ins; j-=2, ptr-=2){
-      ptr[0] = ptr[-2];
-      ptr[1] = ptr[-1];
-    }
-    put2byte(&data[ins], idx);
-    put2byte(&data[pPage->hdrOffset+3], pPage->nCell);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( pPage->pBt->autoVacuum ){
-      /* The cell may contain a pointer to an overflow page. If so, write
-      ** the entry for the overflow page into the pointer map.
-      */
-      ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pPage, pCell, pRC);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Add a list of cells to a page.  The page should be initially empty.
-** The cells are guaranteed to fit on the page.
-*/
-static void assemblePage(
-  MemPage *pPage,   /* The page to be assemblied */
-  int nCell,        /* The number of cells to add to this page */
-  u8 **apCell,      /* Pointers to cell bodies */
-  u16 *aSize        /* Sizes of the cells */
-){
-  int i;            /* Loop counter */
-  u8 *pCellptr;     /* Address of next cell pointer */
-  int cellbody;     /* Address of next cell body */
-  u8 * const data = pPage->aData;             /* Pointer to data for pPage */
-  const int hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;           /* Offset of header on pPage */
-  const int nUsable = pPage->pBt->usableSize; /* Usable size of page */
-
-  assert( pPage->nOverflow==0 );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( nCell>=0 && nCell<=MX_CELL(pPage->pBt) && MX_CELL(pPage->pBt)<=5460 );
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-
-  /* Check that the page has just been zeroed by zeroPage() */
-  assert( pPage->nCell==0 );
-  assert( get2byte(&data[hdr+5])==nUsable );
-
-  pCellptr = &data[pPage->cellOffset + nCell*2];
-  cellbody = nUsable;
-  for(i=nCell-1; i>=0; i--){
-    pCellptr -= 2;
-    cellbody -= aSize[i];
-    put2byte(pCellptr, cellbody);
-    memcpy(&data[cellbody], apCell[i], aSize[i]);
-  }
-  put2byte(&data[hdr+3], nCell);
-  put2byte(&data[hdr+5], cellbody);
-  pPage->nFree -= (nCell*2 + nUsable - cellbody);
-  pPage->nCell = (u16)nCell;
-}
-
-/*
-** The following parameters determine how many adjacent pages get involved
-** in a balancing operation.  NN is the number of neighbors on either side
-** of the page that participate in the balancing operation.  NB is the
-** total number of pages that participate, including the target page and
-** NN neighbors on either side.
-**
-** The minimum value of NN is 1 (of course).  Increasing NN above 1
-** (to 2 or 3) gives a modest improvement in SELECT and DELETE performance
-** in exchange for a larger degradation in INSERT and UPDATE performance.
-** The value of NN appears to give the best results overall.
-*/
-#define NN 1             /* Number of neighbors on either side of pPage */
-#define NB (NN*2+1)      /* Total pages involved in the balance */
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE
-/*
-** This version of balance() handles the common special case where
-** a new entry is being inserted on the extreme right-end of the
-** tree, in other words, when the new entry will become the largest
-** entry in the tree.
-**
-** Instead of trying to balance the 3 right-most leaf pages, just add
-** a new page to the right-hand side and put the one new entry in
-** that page.  This leaves the right side of the tree somewhat
-** unbalanced.  But odds are that we will be inserting new entries
-** at the end soon afterwards so the nearly empty page will quickly
-** fill up.  On average.
-**
-** pPage is the leaf page which is the right-most page in the tree.
-** pParent is its parent.  pPage must have a single overflow entry
-** which is also the right-most entry on the page.
-**
-** The pSpace buffer is used to store a temporary copy of the divider
-** cell that will be inserted into pParent. Such a cell consists of a 4
-** byte page number followed by a variable length integer. In other
-** words, at most 13 bytes. Hence the pSpace buffer must be at
-** least 13 bytes in size.
-*/
-static int balance_quick(MemPage *pParent, MemPage *pPage, u8 *pSpace){
-  BtShared *const pBt = pPage->pBt;    /* B-Tree Database */
-  MemPage *pNew;                       /* Newly allocated page */
-  int rc;                              /* Return Code */
-  Pgno pgnoNew;                        /* Page number of pNew */
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
-  assert( pPage->nOverflow==1 );
-
-  if( pPage->nCell<=0 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-
-  /* Allocate a new page. This page will become the right-sibling of 
-  ** pPage. Make the parent page writable, so that the new divider cell
-  ** may be inserted. If both these operations are successful, proceed.
-  */
-  rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt, &pNew, &pgnoNew, 0, 0);
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-
-    u8 *pOut = &pSpace[4];
-    u8 *pCell = pPage->aOvfl[0].pCell;
-    u16 szCell = cellSizePtr(pPage, pCell);
-    u8 *pStop;
-
-    assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pNew->pDbPage) );
-    assert( pPage->aData[0]==(PTF_INTKEY|PTF_LEAFDATA|PTF_LEAF) );
-    zeroPage(pNew, PTF_INTKEY|PTF_LEAFDATA|PTF_LEAF);
-    assemblePage(pNew, 1, &pCell, &szCell);
-
-    /* If this is an auto-vacuum database, update the pointer map
-    ** with entries for the new page, and any pointer from the 
-    ** cell on the page to an overflow page. If either of these
-    ** operations fails, the return code is set, but the contents
-    ** of the parent page are still manipulated by thh code below.
-    ** That is Ok, at this point the parent page is guaranteed to
-    ** be marked as dirty. Returning an error code will cause a
-    ** rollback, undoing any changes made to the parent page.
-    */
-    if( ISAUTOVACUUM ){
-      ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoNew, PTRMAP_BTREE, pParent->pgno, &rc);
-      if( szCell>pNew->minLocal ){
-        ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pNew, pCell, &rc);
-      }
-    }
-  
-    /* Create a divider cell to insert into pParent. The divider cell
-    ** consists of a 4-byte page number (the page number of pPage) and
-    ** a variable length key value (which must be the same value as the
-    ** largest key on pPage).
-    **
-    ** To find the largest key value on pPage, first find the right-most 
-    ** cell on pPage. The first two fields of this cell are the 
-    ** record-length (a variable length integer at most 32-bits in size)
-    ** and the key value (a variable length integer, may have any value).
-    ** The first of the while(...) loops below skips over the record-length
-    ** field. The second while(...) loop copies the key value from the
-    ** cell on pPage into the pSpace buffer.
-    */
-    pCell = findCell(pPage, pPage->nCell-1);
-    pStop = &pCell[9];
-    while( (*(pCell++)&0x80) && pCell<pStop );
-    pStop = &pCell[9];
-    while( ((*(pOut++) = *(pCell++))&0x80) && pCell<pStop );
-
-    /* Insert the new divider cell into pParent. */
-    insertCell(pParent, pParent->nCell, pSpace, (int)(pOut-pSpace),
-               0, pPage->pgno, &rc);
-
-    /* Set the right-child pointer of pParent to point to the new page. */
-    put4byte(&pParent->aData[pParent->hdrOffset+8], pgnoNew);
-  
-    /* Release the reference to the new page. */
-    releasePage(pNew);
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE */
-
-#if 0
-/*
-** This function does not contribute anything to the operation of SQLite.
-** it is sometimes activated temporarily while debugging code responsible 
-** for setting pointer-map entries.
-*/
-static int ptrmapCheckPages(MemPage **apPage, int nPage){
-  int i, j;
-  for(i=0; i<nPage; i++){
-    Pgno n;
-    u8 e;
-    MemPage *pPage = apPage[i];
-    BtShared *pBt = pPage->pBt;
-    assert( pPage->isInit );
-
-    for(j=0; j<pPage->nCell; j++){
-      CellInfo info;
-      u8 *z;
-     
-      z = findCell(pPage, j);
-      btreeParseCellPtr(pPage, z, &info);
-      if( info.iOverflow ){
-        Pgno ovfl = get4byte(&z[info.iOverflow]);
-        ptrmapGet(pBt, ovfl, &e, &n);
-        assert( n==pPage->pgno && e==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1 );
-      }
-      if( !pPage->leaf ){
-        Pgno child = get4byte(z);
-        ptrmapGet(pBt, child, &e, &n);
-        assert( n==pPage->pgno && e==PTRMAP_BTREE );
-      }
-    }
-    if( !pPage->leaf ){
-      Pgno child = get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]);
-      ptrmapGet(pBt, child, &e, &n);
-      assert( n==pPage->pgno && e==PTRMAP_BTREE );
-    }
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This function is used to copy the contents of the b-tree node stored 
-** on page pFrom to page pTo. If page pFrom was not a leaf page, then
-** the pointer-map entries for each child page are updated so that the
-** parent page stored in the pointer map is page pTo. If pFrom contained
-** any cells with overflow page pointers, then the corresponding pointer
-** map entries are also updated so that the parent page is page pTo.
-**
-** If pFrom is currently carrying any overflow cells (entries in the
-** MemPage.aOvfl[] array), they are not copied to pTo. 
-**
-** Before returning, page pTo is reinitialized using btreeInitPage().
-**
-** The performance of this function is not critical. It is only used by 
-** the balance_shallower() and balance_deeper() procedures, neither of
-** which are called often under normal circumstances.
-*/
-static void copyNodeContent(MemPage *pFrom, MemPage *pTo, int *pRC){
-  if( (*pRC)==SQLITE_OK ){
-    BtShared * const pBt = pFrom->pBt;
-    u8 * const aFrom = pFrom->aData;
-    u8 * const aTo = pTo->aData;
-    int const iFromHdr = pFrom->hdrOffset;
-    int const iToHdr = ((pTo->pgno==1) ? 100 : 0);
-    int rc;
-    int iData;
-  
-  
-    assert( pFrom->isInit );
-    assert( pFrom->nFree>=iToHdr );
-    assert( get2byte(&aFrom[iFromHdr+5])<=pBt->usableSize );
-  
-    /* Copy the b-tree node content from page pFrom to page pTo. */
-    iData = get2byte(&aFrom[iFromHdr+5]);
-    memcpy(&aTo[iData], &aFrom[iData], pBt->usableSize-iData);
-    memcpy(&aTo[iToHdr], &aFrom[iFromHdr], pFrom->cellOffset + 2*pFrom->nCell);
-  
-    /* Reinitialize page pTo so that the contents of the MemPage structure
-    ** match the new data. The initialization of pTo can actually fail under
-    ** fairly obscure circumstances, even though it is a copy of initialized 
-    ** page pFrom.
-    */
-    pTo->isInit = 0;
-    rc = btreeInitPage(pTo);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      *pRC = rc;
-      return;
-    }
-  
-    /* If this is an auto-vacuum database, update the pointer-map entries
-    ** for any b-tree or overflow pages that pTo now contains the pointers to.
-    */
-    if( ISAUTOVACUUM ){
-      *pRC = setChildPtrmaps(pTo);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine redistributes cells on the iParentIdx'th child of pParent
-** (hereafter "the page") and up to 2 siblings so that all pages have about the
-** same amount of free space. Usually a single sibling on either side of the
-** page are used in the balancing, though both siblings might come from one
-** side if the page is the first or last child of its parent. If the page 
-** has fewer than 2 siblings (something which can only happen if the page
-** is a root page or a child of a root page) then all available siblings
-** participate in the balancing.
-**
-** The number of siblings of the page might be increased or decreased by 
-** one or two in an effort to keep pages nearly full but not over full. 
-**
-** Note that when this routine is called, some of the cells on the page
-** might not actually be stored in MemPage.aData[]. This can happen
-** if the page is overfull. This routine ensures that all cells allocated
-** to the page and its siblings fit into MemPage.aData[] before returning.
-**
-** In the course of balancing the page and its siblings, cells may be
-** inserted into or removed from the parent page (pParent). Doing so
-** may cause the parent page to become overfull or underfull. If this
-** happens, it is the responsibility of the caller to invoke the correct
-** balancing routine to fix this problem (see the balance() routine). 
-**
-** If this routine fails for any reason, it might leave the database
-** in a corrupted state. So if this routine fails, the database should
-** be rolled back.
-**
-** The third argument to this function, aOvflSpace, is a pointer to a
-** buffer big enough to hold one page. If while inserting cells into the parent
-** page (pParent) the parent page becomes overfull, this buffer is
-** used to store the parent's overflow cells. Because this function inserts
-** a maximum of four divider cells into the parent page, and the maximum
-** size of a cell stored within an internal node is always less than 1/4
-** of the page-size, the aOvflSpace[] buffer is guaranteed to be large
-** enough for all overflow cells.
-**
-** If aOvflSpace is set to a null pointer, this function returns 
-** SQLITE_NOMEM.
-*/
-static int balance_nonroot(
-  MemPage *pParent,               /* Parent page of siblings being balanced */
-  int iParentIdx,                 /* Index of "the page" in pParent */
-  u8 *aOvflSpace,                 /* page-size bytes of space for parent ovfl */
-  int isRoot                      /* True if pParent is a root-page */
-){
-  BtShared *pBt;               /* The whole database */
-  int nCell = 0;               /* Number of cells in apCell[] */
-  int nMaxCells = 0;           /* Allocated size of apCell, szCell, aFrom. */
-  int nNew = 0;                /* Number of pages in apNew[] */
-  int nOld;                    /* Number of pages in apOld[] */
-  int i, j, k;                 /* Loop counters */
-  int nxDiv;                   /* Next divider slot in pParent->aCell[] */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;          /* The return code */
-  u16 leafCorrection;          /* 4 if pPage is a leaf.  0 if not */
-  int leafData;                /* True if pPage is a leaf of a LEAFDATA tree */
-  int usableSpace;             /* Bytes in pPage beyond the header */
-  int pageFlags;               /* Value of pPage->aData[0] */
-  int subtotal;                /* Subtotal of bytes in cells on one page */
-  int iSpace1 = 0;             /* First unused byte of aSpace1[] */
-  int iOvflSpace = 0;          /* First unused byte of aOvflSpace[] */
-  int szScratch;               /* Size of scratch memory requested */
-  MemPage *apOld[NB];          /* pPage and up to two siblings */
-  MemPage *apCopy[NB];         /* Private copies of apOld[] pages */
-  MemPage *apNew[NB+2];        /* pPage and up to NB siblings after balancing */
-  u8 *pRight;                  /* Location in parent of right-sibling pointer */
-  u8 *apDiv[NB-1];             /* Divider cells in pParent */
-  int cntNew[NB+2];            /* Index in aCell[] of cell after i-th page */
-  int szNew[NB+2];             /* Combined size of cells place on i-th page */
-  u8 **apCell = 0;             /* All cells begin balanced */
-  u16 *szCell;                 /* Local size of all cells in apCell[] */
-  u8 *aSpace1;                 /* Space for copies of dividers cells */
-  Pgno pgno;                   /* Temp var to store a page number in */
-
-  pBt = pParent->pBt;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
-
-#if 0
-  TRACE(("BALANCE: begin page %d child of %d\n", pPage->pgno, pParent->pgno));
-#endif
-
-  /* At this point pParent may have at most one overflow cell. And if
-  ** this overflow cell is present, it must be the cell with 
-  ** index iParentIdx. This scenario comes about when this function
-  ** is called (indirectly) from sqlite3BtreeDelete().
-  */
-  assert( pParent->nOverflow==0 || pParent->nOverflow==1 );
-  assert( pParent->nOverflow==0 || pParent->aOvfl[0].idx==iParentIdx );
-
-  if( !aOvflSpace ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  /* Find the sibling pages to balance. Also locate the cells in pParent 
-  ** that divide the siblings. An attempt is made to find NN siblings on 
-  ** either side of pPage. More siblings are taken from one side, however, 
-  ** if there are fewer than NN siblings on the other side. If pParent
-  ** has NB or fewer children then all children of pParent are taken.  
-  **
-  ** This loop also drops the divider cells from the parent page. This
-  ** way, the remainder of the function does not have to deal with any
-  ** overflow cells in the parent page, since if any existed they will
-  ** have already been removed.
-  */
-  i = pParent->nOverflow + pParent->nCell;
-  if( i<2 ){
-    nxDiv = 0;
-    nOld = i+1;
-  }else{
-    nOld = 3;
-    if( iParentIdx==0 ){                 
-      nxDiv = 0;
-    }else if( iParentIdx==i ){
-      nxDiv = i-2;
-    }else{
-      nxDiv = iParentIdx-1;
-    }
-    i = 2;
-  }
-  if( (i+nxDiv-pParent->nOverflow)==pParent->nCell ){
-    pRight = &pParent->aData[pParent->hdrOffset+8];
-  }else{
-    pRight = findCell(pParent, i+nxDiv-pParent->nOverflow);
-  }
-  pgno = get4byte(pRight);
-  while( 1 ){
-    rc = getAndInitPage(pBt, pgno, &apOld[i]);
-    if( rc ){
-      memset(apOld, 0, (i+1)*sizeof(MemPage*));
-      goto balance_cleanup;
-    }
-    nMaxCells += 1+apOld[i]->nCell+apOld[i]->nOverflow;
-    if( (i--)==0 ) break;
-
-    if( i+nxDiv==pParent->aOvfl[0].idx && pParent->nOverflow ){
-      apDiv[i] = pParent->aOvfl[0].pCell;
-      pgno = get4byte(apDiv[i]);
-      szNew[i] = cellSizePtr(pParent, apDiv[i]);
-      pParent->nOverflow = 0;
-    }else{
-      apDiv[i] = findCell(pParent, i+nxDiv-pParent->nOverflow);
-      pgno = get4byte(apDiv[i]);
-      szNew[i] = cellSizePtr(pParent, apDiv[i]);
-
-      /* Drop the cell from the parent page. apDiv[i] still points to
-      ** the cell within the parent, even though it has been dropped.
-      ** This is safe because dropping a cell only overwrites the first
-      ** four bytes of it, and this function does not need the first
-      ** four bytes of the divider cell. So the pointer is safe to use
-      ** later on.  
-      **
-      ** Unless SQLite is compiled in secure-delete mode. In this case,
-      ** the dropCell() routine will overwrite the entire cell with zeroes.
-      ** In this case, temporarily copy the cell into the aOvflSpace[]
-      ** buffer. It will be copied out again as soon as the aSpace[] buffer
-      ** is allocated.  */
-      if( pBt->secureDelete ){
-        int iOff = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(apDiv[i]) - SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pParent->aData);
-        if( (iOff+szNew[i])>pBt->usableSize ){
-          rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-          memset(apOld, 0, (i+1)*sizeof(MemPage*));
-          goto balance_cleanup;
-        }else{
-          memcpy(&aOvflSpace[iOff], apDiv[i], szNew[i]);
-          apDiv[i] = &aOvflSpace[apDiv[i]-pParent->aData];
-        }
-      }
-      dropCell(pParent, i+nxDiv-pParent->nOverflow, szNew[i], &rc);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Make nMaxCells a multiple of 4 in order to preserve 8-byte
-  ** alignment */
-  nMaxCells = (nMaxCells + 3)&~3;
-
-  /*
-  ** Allocate space for memory structures
-  */
-  k = pBt->pageSize + ROUND8(sizeof(MemPage));
-  szScratch =
-       nMaxCells*sizeof(u8*)                       /* apCell */
-     + nMaxCells*sizeof(u16)                       /* szCell */
-     + pBt->pageSize                               /* aSpace1 */
-     + k*nOld;                                     /* Page copies (apCopy) */
-  apCell = sqlite3ScratchMalloc( szScratch ); 
-  if( apCell==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    goto balance_cleanup;
-  }
-  szCell = (u16*)&apCell[nMaxCells];
-  aSpace1 = (u8*)&szCell[nMaxCells];
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(aSpace1) );
-
-  /*
-  ** Load pointers to all cells on sibling pages and the divider cells
-  ** into the local apCell[] array.  Make copies of the divider cells
-  ** into space obtained from aSpace1[] and remove the the divider Cells
-  ** from pParent.
-  **
-  ** If the siblings are on leaf pages, then the child pointers of the
-  ** divider cells are stripped from the cells before they are copied
-  ** into aSpace1[].  In this way, all cells in apCell[] are without
-  ** child pointers.  If siblings are not leaves, then all cell in
-  ** apCell[] include child pointers.  Either way, all cells in apCell[]
-  ** are alike.
-  **
-  ** leafCorrection:  4 if pPage is a leaf.  0 if pPage is not a leaf.
-  **       leafData:  1 if pPage holds key+data and pParent holds only keys.
-  */
-  leafCorrection = apOld[0]->leaf*4;
-  leafData = apOld[0]->hasData;
-  for(i=0; i<nOld; i++){
-    int limit;
-    
-    /* Before doing anything else, take a copy of the i'th original sibling
-    ** The rest of this function will use data from the copies rather
-    ** that the original pages since the original pages will be in the
-    ** process of being overwritten.  */
-    MemPage *pOld = apCopy[i] = (MemPage*)&aSpace1[pBt->pageSize + k*i];
-    memcpy(pOld, apOld[i], sizeof(MemPage));
-    pOld->aData = (void*)&pOld[1];
-    memcpy(pOld->aData, apOld[i]->aData, pBt->pageSize);
-
-    limit = pOld->nCell+pOld->nOverflow;
-    for(j=0; j<limit; j++){
-      assert( nCell<nMaxCells );
-      apCell[nCell] = findOverflowCell(pOld, j);
-      szCell[nCell] = cellSizePtr(pOld, apCell[nCell]);
-      nCell++;
-    }
-    if( i<nOld-1 && !leafData){
-      u16 sz = (u16)szNew[i];
-      u8 *pTemp;
-      assert( nCell<nMaxCells );
-      szCell[nCell] = sz;
-      pTemp = &aSpace1[iSpace1];
-      iSpace1 += sz;
-      assert( sz<=pBt->pageSize/4 );
-      assert( iSpace1<=pBt->pageSize );
-      memcpy(pTemp, apDiv[i], sz);
-      apCell[nCell] = pTemp+leafCorrection;
-      assert( leafCorrection==0 || leafCorrection==4 );
-      szCell[nCell] = szCell[nCell] - leafCorrection;
-      if( !pOld->leaf ){
-        assert( leafCorrection==0 );
-        assert( pOld->hdrOffset==0 );
-        /* The right pointer of the child page pOld becomes the left
-        ** pointer of the divider cell */
-        memcpy(apCell[nCell], &pOld->aData[8], 4);
-      }else{
-        assert( leafCorrection==4 );
-        if( szCell[nCell]<4 ){
-          /* Do not allow any cells smaller than 4 bytes. */
-          szCell[nCell] = 4;
-        }
-      }
-      nCell++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /*
-  ** Figure out the number of pages needed to hold all nCell cells.
-  ** Store this number in "k".  Also compute szNew[] which is the total
-  ** size of all cells on the i-th page and cntNew[] which is the index
-  ** in apCell[] of the cell that divides page i from page i+1.  
-  ** cntNew[k] should equal nCell.
-  **
-  ** Values computed by this block:
-  **
-  **           k: The total number of sibling pages
-  **    szNew[i]: Spaced used on the i-th sibling page.
-  **   cntNew[i]: Index in apCell[] and szCell[] for the first cell to
-  **              the right of the i-th sibling page.
-  ** usableSpace: Number of bytes of space available on each sibling.
-  ** 
-  */
-  usableSpace = pBt->usableSize - 12 + leafCorrection;
-  for(subtotal=k=i=0; i<nCell; i++){
-    assert( i<nMaxCells );
-    subtotal += szCell[i] + 2;
-    if( subtotal > usableSpace ){
-      szNew[k] = subtotal - szCell[i];
-      cntNew[k] = i;
-      if( leafData ){ i--; }
-      subtotal = 0;
-      k++;
-      if( k>NB+1 ){ rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; goto balance_cleanup; }
-    }
-  }
-  szNew[k] = subtotal;
-  cntNew[k] = nCell;
-  k++;
-
-  /*
-  ** The packing computed by the previous block is biased toward the siblings
-  ** on the left side.  The left siblings are always nearly full, while the
-  ** right-most sibling might be nearly empty.  This block of code attempts
-  ** to adjust the packing of siblings to get a better balance.
-  **
-  ** This adjustment is more than an optimization.  The packing above might
-  ** be so out of balance as to be illegal.  For example, the right-most
-  ** sibling might be completely empty.  This adjustment is not optional.
-  */
-  for(i=k-1; i>0; i--){
-    int szRight = szNew[i];  /* Size of sibling on the right */
-    int szLeft = szNew[i-1]; /* Size of sibling on the left */
-    int r;              /* Index of right-most cell in left sibling */
-    int d;              /* Index of first cell to the left of right sibling */
-
-    r = cntNew[i-1] - 1;
-    d = r + 1 - leafData;
-    assert( d<nMaxCells );
-    assert( r<nMaxCells );
-    while( szRight==0 || szRight+szCell[d]+2<=szLeft-(szCell[r]+2) ){
-      szRight += szCell[d] + 2;
-      szLeft -= szCell[r] + 2;
-      cntNew[i-1]--;
-      r = cntNew[i-1] - 1;
-      d = r + 1 - leafData;
-    }
-    szNew[i] = szRight;
-    szNew[i-1] = szLeft;
-  }
-
-  /* Either we found one or more cells (cntnew[0])>0) or pPage is
-  ** a virtual root page.  A virtual root page is when the real root
-  ** page is page 1 and we are the only child of that page.
-  */
-  assert( cntNew[0]>0 || (pParent->pgno==1 && pParent->nCell==0) );
-
-  TRACE(("BALANCE: old: %d %d %d  ",
-    apOld[0]->pgno, 
-    nOld>=2 ? apOld[1]->pgno : 0,
-    nOld>=3 ? apOld[2]->pgno : 0
-  ));
-
-  /*
-  ** Allocate k new pages.  Reuse old pages where possible.
-  */
-  if( apOld[0]->pgno<=1 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    goto balance_cleanup;
-  }
-  pageFlags = apOld[0]->aData[0];
-  for(i=0; i<k; i++){
-    MemPage *pNew;
-    if( i<nOld ){
-      pNew = apNew[i] = apOld[i];
-      apOld[i] = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pNew->pDbPage);
-      nNew++;
-      if( rc ) goto balance_cleanup;
-    }else{
-      assert( i>0 );
-      rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt, &pNew, &pgno, pgno, 0);
-      if( rc ) goto balance_cleanup;
-      apNew[i] = pNew;
-      nNew++;
-
-      /* Set the pointer-map entry for the new sibling page. */
-      if( ISAUTOVACUUM ){
-        ptrmapPut(pBt, pNew->pgno, PTRMAP_BTREE, pParent->pgno, &rc);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          goto balance_cleanup;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Free any old pages that were not reused as new pages.
-  */
-  while( i<nOld ){
-    freePage(apOld[i], &rc);
-    if( rc ) goto balance_cleanup;
-    releasePage(apOld[i]);
-    apOld[i] = 0;
-    i++;
-  }
-
-  /*
-  ** Put the new pages in accending order.  This helps to
-  ** keep entries in the disk file in order so that a scan
-  ** of the table is a linear scan through the file.  That
-  ** in turn helps the operating system to deliver pages
-  ** from the disk more rapidly.
-  **
-  ** An O(n^2) insertion sort algorithm is used, but since
-  ** n is never more than NB (a small constant), that should
-  ** not be a problem.
-  **
-  ** When NB==3, this one optimization makes the database
-  ** about 25% faster for large insertions and deletions.
-  */
-  for(i=0; i<k-1; i++){
-    int minV = apNew[i]->pgno;
-    int minI = i;
-    for(j=i+1; j<k; j++){
-      if( apNew[j]->pgno<(unsigned)minV ){
-        minI = j;
-        minV = apNew[j]->pgno;
-      }
-    }
-    if( minI>i ){
-      int t;
-      MemPage *pT;
-      t = apNew[i]->pgno;
-      pT = apNew[i];
-      apNew[i] = apNew[minI];
-      apNew[minI] = pT;
-    }
-  }
-  TRACE(("new: %d(%d) %d(%d) %d(%d) %d(%d) %d(%d)\n",
-    apNew[0]->pgno, szNew[0],
-    nNew>=2 ? apNew[1]->pgno : 0, nNew>=2 ? szNew[1] : 0,
-    nNew>=3 ? apNew[2]->pgno : 0, nNew>=3 ? szNew[2] : 0,
-    nNew>=4 ? apNew[3]->pgno : 0, nNew>=4 ? szNew[3] : 0,
-    nNew>=5 ? apNew[4]->pgno : 0, nNew>=5 ? szNew[4] : 0));
-
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
-  put4byte(pRight, apNew[nNew-1]->pgno);
-
-  /*
-  ** Evenly distribute the data in apCell[] across the new pages.
-  ** Insert divider cells into pParent as necessary.
-  */
-  j = 0;
-  for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
-    /* Assemble the new sibling page. */
-    MemPage *pNew = apNew[i];
-    assert( j<nMaxCells );
-    zeroPage(pNew, pageFlags);
-    assemblePage(pNew, cntNew[i]-j, &apCell[j], &szCell[j]);
-    assert( pNew->nCell>0 || (nNew==1 && cntNew[0]==0) );
-    assert( pNew->nOverflow==0 );
-
-    j = cntNew[i];
-
-    /* If the sibling page assembled above was not the right-most sibling,
-    ** insert a divider cell into the parent page.
-    */
-    assert( i<nNew-1 || j==nCell );
-    if( j<nCell ){
-      u8 *pCell;
-      u8 *pTemp;
-      int sz;
-
-      assert( j<nMaxCells );
-      pCell = apCell[j];
-      sz = szCell[j] + leafCorrection;
-      pTemp = &aOvflSpace[iOvflSpace];
-      if( !pNew->leaf ){
-        memcpy(&pNew->aData[8], pCell, 4);
-      }else if( leafData ){
-        /* If the tree is a leaf-data tree, and the siblings are leaves, 
-        ** then there is no divider cell in apCell[]. Instead, the divider 
-        ** cell consists of the integer key for the right-most cell of 
-        ** the sibling-page assembled above only.
-        */
-        CellInfo info;
-        j--;
-        btreeParseCellPtr(pNew, apCell[j], &info);
-        pCell = pTemp;
-        sz = 4 + putVarint(&pCell[4], info.nKey);
-        pTemp = 0;
-      }else{
-        pCell -= 4;
-        /* Obscure case for non-leaf-data trees: If the cell at pCell was
-        ** previously stored on a leaf node, and its reported size was 4
-        ** bytes, then it may actually be smaller than this 
-        ** (see btreeParseCellPtr(), 4 bytes is the minimum size of
-        ** any cell). But it is important to pass the correct size to 
-        ** insertCell(), so reparse the cell now.
-        **
-        ** Note that this can never happen in an SQLite data file, as all
-        ** cells are at least 4 bytes. It only happens in b-trees used
-        ** to evaluate "IN (SELECT ...)" and similar clauses.
-        */
-        if( szCell[j]==4 ){
-          assert(leafCorrection==4);
-          sz = cellSizePtr(pParent, pCell);
-        }
-      }
-      iOvflSpace += sz;
-      assert( sz<=pBt->pageSize/4 );
-      assert( iOvflSpace<=pBt->pageSize );
-      insertCell(pParent, nxDiv, pCell, sz, pTemp, pNew->pgno, &rc);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto balance_cleanup;
-      assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
-
-      j++;
-      nxDiv++;
-    }
-  }
-  assert( j==nCell );
-  assert( nOld>0 );
-  assert( nNew>0 );
-  if( (pageFlags & PTF_LEAF)==0 ){
-    u8 *zChild = &apCopy[nOld-1]->aData[8];
-    memcpy(&apNew[nNew-1]->aData[8], zChild, 4);
-  }
-
-  if( isRoot && pParent->nCell==0 && pParent->hdrOffset<=apNew[0]->nFree ){
-    /* The root page of the b-tree now contains no cells. The only sibling
-    ** page is the right-child of the parent. Copy the contents of the
-    ** child page into the parent, decreasing the overall height of the
-    ** b-tree structure by one. This is described as the "balance-shallower"
-    ** sub-algorithm in some documentation.
-    **
-    ** If this is an auto-vacuum database, the call to copyNodeContent() 
-    ** sets all pointer-map entries corresponding to database image pages 
-    ** for which the pointer is stored within the content being copied.
-    **
-    ** The second assert below verifies that the child page is defragmented
-    ** (it must be, as it was just reconstructed using assemblePage()). This
-    ** is important if the parent page happens to be page 1 of the database
-    ** image.  */
-    assert( nNew==1 );
-    assert( apNew[0]->nFree == 
-        (get2byte(&apNew[0]->aData[5])-apNew[0]->cellOffset-apNew[0]->nCell*2) 
-    );
-    copyNodeContent(apNew[0], pParent, &rc);
-    freePage(apNew[0], &rc);
-  }else if( ISAUTOVACUUM ){
-    /* Fix the pointer-map entries for all the cells that were shifted around. 
-    ** There are several different types of pointer-map entries that need to
-    ** be dealt with by this routine. Some of these have been set already, but
-    ** many have not. The following is a summary:
-    **
-    **   1) The entries associated with new sibling pages that were not
-    **      siblings when this function was called. These have already
-    **      been set. We don't need to worry about old siblings that were
-    **      moved to the free-list - the freePage() code has taken care
-    **      of those.
-    **
-    **   2) The pointer-map entries associated with the first overflow
-    **      page in any overflow chains used by new divider cells. These 
-    **      have also already been taken care of by the insertCell() code.
-    **
-    **   3) If the sibling pages are not leaves, then the child pages of
-    **      cells stored on the sibling pages may need to be updated.
-    **
-    **   4) If the sibling pages are not internal intkey nodes, then any
-    **      overflow pages used by these cells may need to be updated
-    **      (internal intkey nodes never contain pointers to overflow pages).
-    **
-    **   5) If the sibling pages are not leaves, then the pointer-map
-    **      entries for the right-child pages of each sibling may need
-    **      to be updated.
-    **
-    ** Cases 1 and 2 are dealt with above by other code. The next
-    ** block deals with cases 3 and 4 and the one after that, case 5. Since
-    ** setting a pointer map entry is a relatively expensive operation, this
-    ** code only sets pointer map entries for child or overflow pages that have
-    ** actually moved between pages.  */
-    MemPage *pNew = apNew[0];
-    MemPage *pOld = apCopy[0];
-    int nOverflow = pOld->nOverflow;
-    int iNextOld = pOld->nCell + nOverflow;
-    int iOverflow = (nOverflow ? pOld->aOvfl[0].idx : -1);
-    j = 0;                             /* Current 'old' sibling page */
-    k = 0;                             /* Current 'new' sibling page */
-    for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
-      int isDivider = 0;
-      while( i==iNextOld ){
-        /* Cell i is the cell immediately following the last cell on old
-        ** sibling page j. If the siblings are not leaf pages of an
-        ** intkey b-tree, then cell i was a divider cell. */
-        pOld = apCopy[++j];
-        iNextOld = i + !leafData + pOld->nCell + pOld->nOverflow;
-        if( pOld->nOverflow ){
-          nOverflow = pOld->nOverflow;
-          iOverflow = i + !leafData + pOld->aOvfl[0].idx;
-        }
-        isDivider = !leafData;  
-      }
-
-      assert(nOverflow>0 || iOverflow<i );
-      assert(nOverflow<2 || pOld->aOvfl[0].idx==pOld->aOvfl[1].idx-1);
-      assert(nOverflow<3 || pOld->aOvfl[1].idx==pOld->aOvfl[2].idx-1);
-      if( i==iOverflow ){
-        isDivider = 1;
-        if( (--nOverflow)>0 ){
-          iOverflow++;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if( i==cntNew[k] ){
-        /* Cell i is the cell immediately following the last cell on new
-        ** sibling page k. If the siblings are not leaf pages of an
-        ** intkey b-tree, then cell i is a divider cell.  */
-        pNew = apNew[++k];
-        if( !leafData ) continue;
-      }
-      assert( j<nOld );
-      assert( k<nNew );
-
-      /* If the cell was originally divider cell (and is not now) or
-      ** an overflow cell, or if the cell was located on a different sibling
-      ** page before the balancing, then the pointer map entries associated
-      ** with any child or overflow pages need to be updated.  */
-      if( isDivider || pOld->pgno!=pNew->pgno ){
-        if( !leafCorrection ){
-          ptrmapPut(pBt, get4byte(apCell[i]), PTRMAP_BTREE, pNew->pgno, &rc);
-        }
-        if( szCell[i]>pNew->minLocal ){
-          ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pNew, apCell[i], &rc);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    if( !leafCorrection ){
-      for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
-        u32 key = get4byte(&apNew[i]->aData[8]);
-        ptrmapPut(pBt, key, PTRMAP_BTREE, apNew[i]->pgno, &rc);
-      }
-    }
-
-#if 0
-    /* The ptrmapCheckPages() contains assert() statements that verify that
-    ** all pointer map pages are set correctly. This is helpful while 
-    ** debugging. This is usually disabled because a corrupt database may
-    ** cause an assert() statement to fail.  */
-    ptrmapCheckPages(apNew, nNew);
-    ptrmapCheckPages(&pParent, 1);
-#endif
-  }
-
-  assert( pParent->isInit );
-  TRACE(("BALANCE: finished: old=%d new=%d cells=%d\n",
-          nOld, nNew, nCell));
-
-  /*
-  ** Cleanup before returning.
-  */
-balance_cleanup:
-  sqlite3ScratchFree(apCell);
-  for(i=0; i<nOld; i++){
-    releasePage(apOld[i]);
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
-    releasePage(apNew[i]);
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This function is called when the root page of a b-tree structure is
-** overfull (has one or more overflow pages).
-**
-** A new child page is allocated and the contents of the current root
-** page, including overflow cells, are copied into the child. The root
-** page is then overwritten to make it an empty page with the right-child 
-** pointer pointing to the new page.
-**
-** Before returning, all pointer-map entries corresponding to pages 
-** that the new child-page now contains pointers to are updated. The
-** entry corresponding to the new right-child pointer of the root
-** page is also updated.
-**
-** If successful, *ppChild is set to contain a reference to the child 
-** page and SQLITE_OK is returned. In this case the caller is required
-** to call releasePage() on *ppChild exactly once. If an error occurs,
-** an error code is returned and *ppChild is set to 0.
-*/
-static int balance_deeper(MemPage *pRoot, MemPage **ppChild){
-  int rc;                        /* Return value from subprocedures */
-  MemPage *pChild = 0;           /* Pointer to a new child page */
-  Pgno pgnoChild = 0;            /* Page number of the new child page */
-  BtShared *pBt = pRoot->pBt;    /* The BTree */
-
-  assert( pRoot->nOverflow>0 );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-
-  /* Make pRoot, the root page of the b-tree, writable. Allocate a new 
-  ** page that will become the new right-child of pPage. Copy the contents
-  ** of the node stored on pRoot into the new child page.
-  */
-  rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pRoot->pDbPage);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt,&pChild,&pgnoChild,pRoot->pgno,0);
-    copyNodeContent(pRoot, pChild, &rc);
-    if( ISAUTOVACUUM ){
-      ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoChild, PTRMAP_BTREE, pRoot->pgno, &rc);
-    }
-  }
-  if( rc ){
-    *ppChild = 0;
-    releasePage(pChild);
-    return rc;
-  }
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pChild->pDbPage) );
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pRoot->pDbPage) );
-  assert( pChild->nCell==pRoot->nCell );
-
-  TRACE(("BALANCE: copy root %d into %d\n", pRoot->pgno, pChild->pgno));
-
-  /* Copy the overflow cells from pRoot to pChild */
-  memcpy(pChild->aOvfl, pRoot->aOvfl, pRoot->nOverflow*sizeof(pRoot->aOvfl[0]));
-  pChild->nOverflow = pRoot->nOverflow;
-
-  /* Zero the contents of pRoot. Then install pChild as the right-child. */
-  zeroPage(pRoot, pChild->aData[0] & ~PTF_LEAF);
-  put4byte(&pRoot->aData[pRoot->hdrOffset+8], pgnoChild);
-
-  *ppChild = pChild;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** The page that pCur currently points to has just been modified in
-** some way. This function figures out if this modification means the
-** tree needs to be balanced, and if so calls the appropriate balancing 
-** routine. Balancing routines are:
-**
-**   balance_quick()
-**   balance_deeper()
-**   balance_nonroot()
-*/
-static int balance(BtCursor *pCur){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  const int nMin = pCur->pBt->usableSize * 2 / 3;
-  u8 aBalanceQuickSpace[13];
-  u8 *pFree = 0;
-
-  TESTONLY( int balance_quick_called = 0 );
-  TESTONLY( int balance_deeper_called = 0 );
-
-  do {
-    int iPage = pCur->iPage;
-    MemPage *pPage = pCur->apPage[iPage];
-
-    if( iPage==0 ){
-      if( pPage->nOverflow ){
-        /* The root page of the b-tree is overfull. In this case call the
-        ** balance_deeper() function to create a new child for the root-page
-        ** and copy the current contents of the root-page to it. The
-        ** next iteration of the do-loop will balance the child page.
-        */ 
-        assert( (balance_deeper_called++)==0 );
-        rc = balance_deeper(pPage, &pCur->apPage[1]);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          pCur->iPage = 1;
-          pCur->aiIdx[0] = 0;
-          pCur->aiIdx[1] = 0;
-          assert( pCur->apPage[1]->nOverflow );
-        }
-      }else{
-        break;
-      }
-    }else if( pPage->nOverflow==0 && pPage->nFree<=nMin ){
-      break;
-    }else{
-      MemPage * const pParent = pCur->apPage[iPage-1];
-      int const iIdx = pCur->aiIdx[iPage-1];
-
-      rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pParent->pDbPage);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE
-        if( pPage->hasData
-         && pPage->nOverflow==1
-         && pPage->aOvfl[0].idx==pPage->nCell
-         && pParent->pgno!=1
-         && pParent->nCell==iIdx
-        ){
-          /* Call balance_quick() to create a new sibling of pPage on which
-          ** to store the overflow cell. balance_quick() inserts a new cell
-          ** into pParent, which may cause pParent overflow. If this
-          ** happens, the next interation of the do-loop will balance pParent 
-          ** use either balance_nonroot() or balance_deeper(). Until this
-          ** happens, the overflow cell is stored in the aBalanceQuickSpace[]
-          ** buffer. 
-          **
-          ** The purpose of the following assert() is to check that only a
-          ** single call to balance_quick() is made for each call to this
-          ** function. If this were not verified, a subtle bug involving reuse
-          ** of the aBalanceQuickSpace[] might sneak in.
-          */
-          assert( (balance_quick_called++)==0 );
-          rc = balance_quick(pParent, pPage, aBalanceQuickSpace);
-        }else
-#endif
-        {
-          /* In this case, call balance_nonroot() to redistribute cells
-          ** between pPage and up to 2 of its sibling pages. This involves
-          ** modifying the contents of pParent, which may cause pParent to
-          ** become overfull or underfull. The next iteration of the do-loop
-          ** will balance the parent page to correct this.
-          ** 
-          ** If the parent page becomes overfull, the overflow cell or cells
-          ** are stored in the pSpace buffer allocated immediately below. 
-          ** A subsequent iteration of the do-loop will deal with this by
-          ** calling balance_nonroot() (balance_deeper() may be called first,
-          ** but it doesn't deal with overflow cells - just moves them to a
-          ** different page). Once this subsequent call to balance_nonroot() 
-          ** has completed, it is safe to release the pSpace buffer used by
-          ** the previous call, as the overflow cell data will have been 
-          ** copied either into the body of a database page or into the new
-          ** pSpace buffer passed to the latter call to balance_nonroot().
-          */
-          u8 *pSpace = sqlite3PageMalloc(pCur->pBt->pageSize);
-          rc = balance_nonroot(pParent, iIdx, pSpace, iPage==1);
-          if( pFree ){
-            /* If pFree is not NULL, it points to the pSpace buffer used 
-            ** by a previous call to balance_nonroot(). Its contents are
-            ** now stored either on real database pages or within the 
-            ** new pSpace buffer, so it may be safely freed here. */
-            sqlite3PageFree(pFree);
-          }
-
-          /* The pSpace buffer will be freed after the next call to
-          ** balance_nonroot(), or just before this function returns, whichever
-          ** comes first. */
-          pFree = pSpace;
-        }
-      }
-
-      pPage->nOverflow = 0;
-
-      /* The next iteration of the do-loop balances the parent page. */
-      releasePage(pPage);
-      pCur->iPage--;
-    }
-  }while( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-
-  if( pFree ){
-    sqlite3PageFree(pFree);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Insert a new record into the BTree.  The key is given by (pKey,nKey)
-** and the data is given by (pData,nData).  The cursor is used only to
-** define what table the record should be inserted into.  The cursor
-** is left pointing at a random location.
-**
-** For an INTKEY table, only the nKey value of the key is used.  pKey is
-** ignored.  For a ZERODATA table, the pData and nData are both ignored.
-**
-** If the seekResult parameter is non-zero, then a successful call to
-** MovetoUnpacked() to seek cursor pCur to (pKey, nKey) has already
-** been performed. seekResult is the search result returned (a negative
-** number if pCur points at an entry that is smaller than (pKey, nKey), or
-** a positive value if pCur points at an etry that is larger than 
-** (pKey, nKey)). 
-**
-** If the seekResult parameter is non-zero, then the caller guarantees that
-** cursor pCur is pointing at the existing copy of a row that is to be
-** overwritten.  If the seekResult parameter is 0, then cursor pCur may
-** point to any entry or to no entry at all and so this function has to seek
-** the cursor before the new key can be inserted.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
-  BtCursor *pCur,                /* Insert data into the table of this cursor */
-  const void *pKey, i64 nKey,    /* The key of the new record */
-  const void *pData, int nData,  /* The data of the new record */
-  int nZero,                     /* Number of extra 0 bytes to append to data */
-  int appendBias,                /* True if this is likely an append */
-  int seekResult                 /* Result of prior MovetoUnpacked() call */
-){
-  int rc;
-  int loc = seekResult;          /* -1: before desired location  +1: after */
-  int szNew = 0;
-  int idx;
-  MemPage *pPage;
-  Btree *p = pCur->pBtree;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  unsigned char *oldCell;
-  unsigned char *newCell = 0;
-
-  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
-    assert( pCur->skipNext!=SQLITE_OK );
-    return pCur->skipNext;
-  }
-
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->wrFlag && pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE && !pBt->readOnly );
-  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur->pKeyInfo!=0, 2) );
-
-  /* Assert that the caller has been consistent. If this cursor was opened
-  ** expecting an index b-tree, then the caller should be inserting blob
-  ** keys with no associated data. If the cursor was opened expecting an
-  ** intkey table, the caller should be inserting integer keys with a
-  ** blob of associated data.  */
-  assert( (pKey==0)==(pCur->pKeyInfo==0) );
-
-  /* If this is an insert into a table b-tree, invalidate any incrblob 
-  ** cursors open on the row being replaced (assuming this is a replace
-  ** operation - if it is not, the following is a no-op).  */
-  if( pCur->pKeyInfo==0 ){
-    invalidateIncrblobCursors(p, nKey, 0);
-  }
-
-  /* Save the positions of any other cursors open on this table.
-  **
-  ** In some cases, the call to btreeMoveto() below is a no-op. For
-  ** example, when inserting data into a table with auto-generated integer
-  ** keys, the VDBE layer invokes sqlite3BtreeLast() to figure out the 
-  ** integer key to use. It then calls this function to actually insert the 
-  ** data into the intkey B-Tree. In this case btreeMoveto() recognizes
-  ** that the cursor is already where it needs to be and returns without
-  ** doing any work. To avoid thwarting these optimizations, it is important
-  ** not to clear the cursor here.
-  */
-  rc = saveAllCursors(pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-  if( !loc ){
-    rc = btreeMoveto(pCur, pKey, nKey, appendBias, &loc);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-  }
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || (pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID && loc) );
-
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
-  assert( pPage->intKey || nKey>=0 );
-  assert( pPage->leaf || !pPage->intKey );
-
-  TRACE(("INSERT: table=%d nkey=%lld ndata=%d page=%d %s\n",
-          pCur->pgnoRoot, nKey, nData, pPage->pgno,
-          loc==0 ? "overwrite" : "new entry"));
-  assert( pPage->isInit );
-  allocateTempSpace(pBt);
-  newCell = pBt->pTmpSpace;
-  if( newCell==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  rc = fillInCell(pPage, newCell, pKey, nKey, pData, nData, nZero, &szNew);
-  if( rc ) goto end_insert;
-  assert( szNew==cellSizePtr(pPage, newCell) );
-  assert( szNew<=MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) );
-  idx = pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage];
-  if( loc==0 ){
-    u16 szOld;
-    assert( idx<pPage->nCell );
-    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
-    if( rc ){
-      goto end_insert;
-    }
-    oldCell = findCell(pPage, idx);
-    if( !pPage->leaf ){
-      memcpy(newCell, oldCell, 4);
-    }
-    szOld = cellSizePtr(pPage, oldCell);
-    rc = clearCell(pPage, oldCell);
-    dropCell(pPage, idx, szOld, &rc);
-    if( rc ) goto end_insert;
-  }else if( loc<0 && pPage->nCell>0 ){
-    assert( pPage->leaf );
-    idx = ++pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage];
-  }else{
-    assert( pPage->leaf );
-  }
-  insertCell(pPage, idx, newCell, szNew, 0, 0, &rc);
-  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pPage->nCell>0 || pPage->nOverflow>0 );
-
-  /* If no error has occured and pPage has an overflow cell, call balance() 
-  ** to redistribute the cells within the tree. Since balance() may move
-  ** the cursor, zero the BtCursor.info.nSize and BtCursor.validNKey
-  ** variables.
-  **
-  ** Previous versions of SQLite called moveToRoot() to move the cursor
-  ** back to the root page as balance() used to invalidate the contents
-  ** of BtCursor.apPage[] and BtCursor.aiIdx[]. Instead of doing that,
-  ** set the cursor state to "invalid". This makes common insert operations
-  ** slightly faster.
-  **
-  ** There is a subtle but important optimization here too. When inserting
-  ** multiple records into an intkey b-tree using a single cursor (as can
-  ** happen while processing an "INSERT INTO ... SELECT" statement), it
-  ** is advantageous to leave the cursor pointing to the last entry in
-  ** the b-tree if possible. If the cursor is left pointing to the last
-  ** entry in the table, and the next row inserted has an integer key
-  ** larger than the largest existing key, it is possible to insert the
-  ** row without seeking the cursor. This can be a big performance boost.
-  */
-  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
-  pCur->validNKey = 0;
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPage->nOverflow ){
-    rc = balance(pCur);
-
-    /* Must make sure nOverflow is reset to zero even if the balance()
-    ** fails. Internal data structure corruption will result otherwise. 
-    ** Also, set the cursor state to invalid. This stops saveCursorPosition()
-    ** from trying to save the current position of the cursor.  */
-    pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nOverflow = 0;
-    pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-  }
-  assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nOverflow==0 );
-
-end_insert:
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete the entry that the cursor is pointing to.  The cursor
-** is left pointing at a arbitrary location.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor *pCur){
-  Btree *p = pCur->pBtree;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;              
-  int rc;                              /* Return code */
-  MemPage *pPage;                      /* Page to delete cell from */
-  unsigned char *pCell;                /* Pointer to cell to delete */
-  int iCellIdx;                        /* Index of cell to delete */
-  int iCellDepth;                      /* Depth of node containing pCell */ 
-
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
-  assert( !pBt->readOnly );
-  assert( pCur->wrFlag );
-  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur->pKeyInfo!=0, 2) );
-  assert( !hasReadConflicts(p, pCur->pgnoRoot) );
-
-  if( NEVER(pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]>=pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell) 
-   || NEVER(pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID)
-  ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;  /* Something has gone awry. */
-  }
-
-  /* If this is a delete operation to remove a row from a table b-tree,
-  ** invalidate any incrblob cursors open on the row being deleted.  */
-  if( pCur->pKeyInfo==0 ){
-    invalidateIncrblobCursors(p, pCur->info.nKey, 0);
-  }
-
-  iCellDepth = pCur->iPage;
-  iCellIdx = pCur->aiIdx[iCellDepth];
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[iCellDepth];
-  pCell = findCell(pPage, iCellIdx);
-
-  /* If the page containing the entry to delete is not a leaf page, move
-  ** the cursor to the largest entry in the tree that is smaller than
-  ** the entry being deleted. This cell will replace the cell being deleted
-  ** from the internal node. The 'previous' entry is used for this instead
-  ** of the 'next' entry, as the previous entry is always a part of the
-  ** sub-tree headed by the child page of the cell being deleted. This makes
-  ** balancing the tree following the delete operation easier.  */
-  if( !pPage->leaf ){
-    int notUsed;
-    rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCur, &notUsed);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* Save the positions of any other cursors open on this table before
-  ** making any modifications. Make the page containing the entry to be 
-  ** deleted writable. Then free any overflow pages associated with the 
-  ** entry and finally remove the cell itself from within the page.  
-  */
-  rc = saveAllCursors(pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-  rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-  rc = clearCell(pPage, pCell);
-  dropCell(pPage, iCellIdx, cellSizePtr(pPage, pCell), &rc);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-
-  /* If the cell deleted was not located on a leaf page, then the cursor
-  ** is currently pointing to the largest entry in the sub-tree headed
-  ** by the child-page of the cell that was just deleted from an internal
-  ** node. The cell from the leaf node needs to be moved to the internal
-  ** node to replace the deleted cell.  */
-  if( !pPage->leaf ){
-    MemPage *pLeaf = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
-    int nCell;
-    Pgno n = pCur->apPage[iCellDepth+1]->pgno;
-    unsigned char *pTmp;
-
-    pCell = findCell(pLeaf, pLeaf->nCell-1);
-    nCell = cellSizePtr(pLeaf, pCell);
-    assert( MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt)>=nCell );
-
-    allocateTempSpace(pBt);
-    pTmp = pBt->pTmpSpace;
-
-    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pLeaf->pDbPage);
-    insertCell(pPage, iCellIdx, pCell-4, nCell+4, pTmp, n, &rc);
-    dropCell(pLeaf, pLeaf->nCell-1, nCell, &rc);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* Balance the tree. If the entry deleted was located on a leaf page,
-  ** then the cursor still points to that page. In this case the first
-  ** call to balance() repairs the tree, and the if(...) condition is
-  ** never true.
-  **
-  ** Otherwise, if the entry deleted was on an internal node page, then
-  ** pCur is pointing to the leaf page from which a cell was removed to
-  ** replace the cell deleted from the internal node. This is slightly
-  ** tricky as the leaf node may be underfull, and the internal node may
-  ** be either under or overfull. In this case run the balancing algorithm
-  ** on the leaf node first. If the balance proceeds far enough up the
-  ** tree that we can be sure that any problem in the internal node has
-  ** been corrected, so be it. Otherwise, after balancing the leaf node,
-  ** walk the cursor up the tree to the internal node and balance it as 
-  ** well.  */
-  rc = balance(pCur);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pCur->iPage>iCellDepth ){
-    while( pCur->iPage>iCellDepth ){
-      releasePage(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage--]);
-    }
-    rc = balance(pCur);
-  }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    moveToRoot(pCur);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a new BTree table.  Write into *piTable the page
-** number for the root page of the new table.
-**
-** The type of type is determined by the flags parameter.  Only the
-** following values of flags are currently in use.  Other values for
-** flags might not work:
-**
-**     BTREE_INTKEY|BTREE_LEAFDATA     Used for SQL tables with rowid keys
-**     BTREE_ZERODATA                  Used for SQL indices
-*/
-static int btreeCreateTable(Btree *p, int *piTable, int flags){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  MemPage *pRoot;
-  Pgno pgnoRoot;
-  int rc;
-
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
-  assert( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
-  assert( !pBt->readOnly );
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt, &pRoot, &pgnoRoot, 1, 0);
-  if( rc ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-#else
-  if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
-    Pgno pgnoMove;      /* Move a page here to make room for the root-page */
-    MemPage *pPageMove; /* The page to move to. */
-
-    /* Creating a new table may probably require moving an existing database
-    ** to make room for the new tables root page. In case this page turns
-    ** out to be an overflow page, delete all overflow page-map caches
-    ** held by open cursors.
-    */
-    invalidateAllOverflowCache(pBt);
-
-    /* Read the value of meta[3] from the database to determine where the
-    ** root page of the new table should go. meta[3] is the largest root-page
-    ** created so far, so the new root-page is (meta[3]+1).
-    */
-    sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(p, BTREE_LARGEST_ROOT_PAGE, &pgnoRoot);
-    pgnoRoot++;
-
-    /* The new root-page may not be allocated on a pointer-map page, or the
-    ** PENDING_BYTE page.
-    */
-    while( pgnoRoot==PTRMAP_PAGENO(pBt, pgnoRoot) ||
-        pgnoRoot==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
-      pgnoRoot++;
-    }
-    assert( pgnoRoot>=3 );
-
-    /* Allocate a page. The page that currently resides at pgnoRoot will
-    ** be moved to the allocated page (unless the allocated page happens
-    ** to reside at pgnoRoot).
-    */
-    rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt, &pPageMove, &pgnoMove, pgnoRoot, 1);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-
-    if( pgnoMove!=pgnoRoot ){
-      /* pgnoRoot is the page that will be used for the root-page of
-      ** the new table (assuming an error did not occur). But we were
-      ** allocated pgnoMove. If required (i.e. if it was not allocated
-      ** by extending the file), the current page at position pgnoMove
-      ** is already journaled.
-      */
-      u8 eType = 0;
-      Pgno iPtrPage = 0;
-
-      releasePage(pPageMove);
-
-      /* Move the page currently at pgnoRoot to pgnoMove. */
-      rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, pgnoRoot, &pRoot, 0);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        return rc;
-      }
-      rc = ptrmapGet(pBt, pgnoRoot, &eType, &iPtrPage);
-      if( eType==PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE || eType==PTRMAP_FREEPAGE ){
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      }
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        releasePage(pRoot);
-        return rc;
-      }
-      assert( eType!=PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE );
-      assert( eType!=PTRMAP_FREEPAGE );
-      rc = relocatePage(pBt, pRoot, eType, iPtrPage, pgnoMove, 0);
-      releasePage(pRoot);
-
-      /* Obtain the page at pgnoRoot */
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        return rc;
-      }
-      rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, pgnoRoot, &pRoot, 0);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        return rc;
-      }
-      rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pRoot->pDbPage);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        releasePage(pRoot);
-        return rc;
-      }
-    }else{
-      pRoot = pPageMove;
-    } 
-
-    /* Update the pointer-map and meta-data with the new root-page number. */
-    ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoRoot, PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE, 0, &rc);
-    if( rc ){
-      releasePage(pRoot);
-      return rc;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(p, 4, pgnoRoot);
-    if( rc ){
-      releasePage(pRoot);
-      return rc;
-    }
-
-  }else{
-    rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt, &pRoot, &pgnoRoot, 1, 0);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-  }
-#endif
-  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pRoot->pDbPage) );
-  zeroPage(pRoot, flags | PTF_LEAF);
-  sqlite3PagerUnref(pRoot->pDbPage);
-  *piTable = (int)pgnoRoot;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(Btree *p, int *piTable, int flags){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  rc = btreeCreateTable(p, piTable, flags);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Erase the given database page and all its children.  Return
-** the page to the freelist.
-*/
-static int clearDatabasePage(
-  BtShared *pBt,           /* The BTree that contains the table */
-  Pgno pgno,               /* Page number to clear */
-  int freePageFlag,        /* Deallocate page if true */
-  int *pnChange            /* Add number of Cells freed to this counter */
-){
-  MemPage *pPage;
-  int rc;
-  unsigned char *pCell;
-  int i;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  if( pgno>pagerPagecount(pBt) ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  }
-
-  rc = getAndInitPage(pBt, pgno, &pPage);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-  for(i=0; i<pPage->nCell; i++){
-    pCell = findCell(pPage, i);
-    if( !pPage->leaf ){
-      rc = clearDatabasePage(pBt, get4byte(pCell), 1, pnChange);
-      if( rc ) goto cleardatabasepage_out;
-    }
-    rc = clearCell(pPage, pCell);
-    if( rc ) goto cleardatabasepage_out;
-  }
-  if( !pPage->leaf ){
-    rc = clearDatabasePage(pBt, get4byte(&pPage->aData[8]), 1, pnChange);
-    if( rc ) goto cleardatabasepage_out;
-  }else if( pnChange ){
-    assert( pPage->intKey );
-    *pnChange += pPage->nCell;
-  }
-  if( freePageFlag ){
-    freePage(pPage, &rc);
-  }else if( (rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage))==0 ){
-    zeroPage(pPage, pPage->aData[0] | PTF_LEAF);
-  }
-
-cleardatabasepage_out:
-  releasePage(pPage);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete all information from a single table in the database.  iTable is
-** the page number of the root of the table.  After this routine returns,
-** the root page is empty, but still exists.
-**
-** This routine will fail with SQLITE_LOCKED if there are any open
-** read cursors on the table.  Open write cursors are moved to the
-** root of the table.
-**
-** If pnChange is not NULL, then table iTable must be an intkey table. The
-** integer value pointed to by pnChange is incremented by the number of
-** entries in the table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeClearTable(Btree *p, int iTable, int *pnChange){
-  int rc;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  assert( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE );
-
-  /* Invalidate all incrblob cursors open on table iTable (assuming iTable
-  ** is the root of a table b-tree - if it is not, the following call is
-  ** a no-op).  */
-  invalidateIncrblobCursors(p, 0, 1);
-
-  rc = saveAllCursors(pBt, (Pgno)iTable, 0);
-  if( SQLITE_OK==rc ){
-    rc = clearDatabasePage(pBt, (Pgno)iTable, 0, pnChange);
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Erase all information in a table and add the root of the table to
-** the freelist.  Except, the root of the principle table (the one on
-** page 1) is never added to the freelist.
-**
-** This routine will fail with SQLITE_LOCKED if there are any open
-** cursors on the table.
-**
-** If AUTOVACUUM is enabled and the page at iTable is not the last
-** root page in the database file, then the last root page 
-** in the database file is moved into the slot formerly occupied by
-** iTable and that last slot formerly occupied by the last root page
-** is added to the freelist instead of iTable.  In this say, all
-** root pages are kept at the beginning of the database file, which
-** is necessary for AUTOVACUUM to work right.  *piMoved is set to the 
-** page number that used to be the last root page in the file before
-** the move.  If no page gets moved, *piMoved is set to 0.
-** The last root page is recorded in meta[3] and the value of
-** meta[3] is updated by this procedure.
-*/
-static int btreeDropTable(Btree *p, Pgno iTable, int *piMoved){
-  int rc;
-  MemPage *pPage = 0;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
-  assert( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE );
-
-  /* It is illegal to drop a table if any cursors are open on the
-  ** database. This is because in auto-vacuum mode the backend may
-  ** need to move another root-page to fill a gap left by the deleted
-  ** root page. If an open cursor was using this page a problem would 
-  ** occur.
-  **
-  ** This error is caught long before control reaches this point.
-  */
-  if( NEVER(pBt->pCursor) ){
-    sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(p->db, pBt->pCursor->pBtree->db);
-    return SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE;
-  }
-
-  rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, (Pgno)iTable, &pPage, 0);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(p, iTable, 0);
-  if( rc ){
-    releasePage(pPage);
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  *piMoved = 0;
-
-  if( iTable>1 ){
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    freePage(pPage, &rc);
-    releasePage(pPage);
-#else
-    if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
-      Pgno maxRootPgno;
-      sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(p, BTREE_LARGEST_ROOT_PAGE, &maxRootPgno);
-
-      if( iTable==maxRootPgno ){
-        /* If the table being dropped is the table with the largest root-page
-        ** number in the database, put the root page on the free list. 
-        */
-        freePage(pPage, &rc);
-        releasePage(pPage);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          return rc;
-        }
-      }else{
-        /* The table being dropped does not have the largest root-page
-        ** number in the database. So move the page that does into the 
-        ** gap left by the deleted root-page.
-        */
-        MemPage *pMove;
-        releasePage(pPage);
-        rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, maxRootPgno, &pMove, 0);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          return rc;
-        }
-        rc = relocatePage(pBt, pMove, PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE, 0, iTable, 0);
-        releasePage(pMove);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          return rc;
-        }
-        pMove = 0;
-        rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, maxRootPgno, &pMove, 0);
-        freePage(pMove, &rc);
-        releasePage(pMove);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          return rc;
-        }
-        *piMoved = maxRootPgno;
-      }
-
-      /* Set the new 'max-root-page' value in the database header. This
-      ** is the old value less one, less one more if that happens to
-      ** be a root-page number, less one again if that is the
-      ** PENDING_BYTE_PAGE.
-      */
-      maxRootPgno--;
-      while( maxRootPgno==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt)
-             || PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, maxRootPgno) ){
-        maxRootPgno--;
-      }
-      assert( maxRootPgno!=PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) );
-
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(p, 4, maxRootPgno);
-    }else{
-      freePage(pPage, &rc);
-      releasePage(pPage);
-    }
-#endif
-  }else{
-    /* If sqlite3BtreeDropTable was called on page 1.
-    ** This really never should happen except in a corrupt
-    ** database. 
-    */
-    zeroPage(pPage, PTF_INTKEY|PTF_LEAF );
-    releasePage(pPage);
-  }
-  return rc;  
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDropTable(Btree *p, int iTable, int *piMoved){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  rc = btreeDropTable(p, iTable, piMoved);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This function may only be called if the b-tree connection already
-** has a read or write transaction open on the database.
-**
-** Read the meta-information out of a database file.  Meta[0]
-** is the number of free pages currently in the database.  Meta[1]
-** through meta[15] are available for use by higher layers.  Meta[0]
-** is read-only, the others are read/write.
-** 
-** The schema layer numbers meta values differently.  At the schema
-** layer (and the SetCookie and ReadCookie opcodes) the number of
-** free pages is not visible.  So Cookie[0] is the same as Meta[1].
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(Btree *p, int idx, u32 *pMeta){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  assert( p->inTrans>TRANS_NONE );
-  assert( SQLITE_OK==querySharedCacheTableLock(p, MASTER_ROOT, READ_LOCK) );
-  assert( pBt->pPage1 );
-  assert( idx>=0 && idx<=15 );
-
-  *pMeta = get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[36 + idx*4]);
-
-  /* If auto-vacuum is disabled in this build and this is an auto-vacuum
-  ** database, mark the database as read-only.  */
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  if( idx==BTREE_LARGEST_ROOT_PAGE && *pMeta>0 ) pBt->readOnly = 1;
-#endif
-
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Write meta-information back into the database.  Meta[0] is
-** read-only and may not be written.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(Btree *p, int idx, u32 iMeta){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  unsigned char *pP1;
-  int rc;
-  assert( idx>=1 && idx<=15 );
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  assert( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE );
-  assert( pBt->pPage1!=0 );
-  pP1 = pBt->pPage1->aData;
-  rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pBt->pPage1->pDbPage);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    put4byte(&pP1[36 + idx*4], iMeta);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( idx==BTREE_INCR_VACUUM ){
-      assert( pBt->autoVacuum || iMeta==0 );
-      assert( iMeta==0 || iMeta==1 );
-      pBt->incrVacuum = (u8)iMeta;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
-/*
-** The first argument, pCur, is a cursor opened on some b-tree. Count the
-** number of entries in the b-tree and write the result to *pnEntry.
-**
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if the operation is successfully executed. 
-** Otherwise, if an error is encountered (i.e. an IO error or database
-** corruption) an SQLite error code is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCount(BtCursor *pCur, i64 *pnEntry){
-  i64 nEntry = 0;                      /* Value to return in *pnEntry */
-  int rc;                              /* Return code */
-  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
-
-  /* Unless an error occurs, the following loop runs one iteration for each
-  ** page in the B-Tree structure (not including overflow pages). 
-  */
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int iIdx;                          /* Index of child node in parent */
-    MemPage *pPage;                    /* Current page of the b-tree */
-
-    /* If this is a leaf page or the tree is not an int-key tree, then 
-    ** this page contains countable entries. Increment the entry counter
-    ** accordingly.
-    */
-    pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
-    if( pPage->leaf || !pPage->intKey ){
-      nEntry += pPage->nCell;
-    }
-
-    /* pPage is a leaf node. This loop navigates the cursor so that it 
-    ** points to the first interior cell that it points to the parent of
-    ** the next page in the tree that has not yet been visited. The
-    ** pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] value is set to the index of the parent cell
-    ** of the page, or to the number of cells in the page if the next page
-    ** to visit is the right-child of its parent.
-    **
-    ** If all pages in the tree have been visited, return SQLITE_OK to the
-    ** caller.
-    */
-    if( pPage->leaf ){
-      do {
-        if( pCur->iPage==0 ){
-          /* All pages of the b-tree have been visited. Return successfully. */
-          *pnEntry = nEntry;
-          return SQLITE_OK;
-        }
-        moveToParent(pCur);
-      }while ( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]>=pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
-
-      pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]++;
-      pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
-    }
-
-    /* Descend to the child node of the cell that the cursor currently 
-    ** points at. This is the right-child if (iIdx==pPage->nCell).
-    */
-    iIdx = pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage];
-    if( iIdx==pPage->nCell ){
-      rc = moveToChild(pCur, get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]));
-    }else{
-      rc = moveToChild(pCur, get4byte(findCell(pPage, iIdx)));
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* An error has occurred. Return an error code. */
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return the pager associated with a BTree.  This routine is used for
-** testing and debugging only.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Pager *sqlite3BtreePager(Btree *p){
-  return p->pBt->pPager;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
-/*
-** Append a message to the error message string.
-*/
-static void checkAppendMsg(
-  IntegrityCk *pCheck,
-  char *zMsg1,
-  const char *zFormat,
-  ...
-){
-  va_list ap;
-  if( !pCheck->mxErr ) return;
-  pCheck->mxErr--;
-  pCheck->nErr++;
-  va_start(ap, zFormat);
-  if( pCheck->errMsg.nChar ){
-    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&pCheck->errMsg, "\n", 1);
-  }
-  if( zMsg1 ){
-    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&pCheck->errMsg, zMsg1, -1);
-  }
-  sqlite3VXPrintf(&pCheck->errMsg, 1, zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  if( pCheck->errMsg.mallocFailed ){
-    pCheck->mallocFailed = 1;
-  }
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
-/*
-** Add 1 to the reference count for page iPage.  If this is the second
-** reference to the page, add an error message to pCheck->zErrMsg.
-** Return 1 if there are 2 ore more references to the page and 0 if
-** if this is the first reference to the page.
-**
-** Also check that the page number is in bounds.
-*/
-static int checkRef(IntegrityCk *pCheck, Pgno iPage, char *zContext){
-  if( iPage==0 ) return 1;
-  if( iPage>pCheck->nPage ){
-    checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, "invalid page number %d", iPage);
-    return 1;
-  }
-  if( pCheck->anRef[iPage]==1 ){
-    checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, "2nd reference to page %d", iPage);
-    return 1;
-  }
-  return  (pCheck->anRef[iPage]++)>1;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-/*
-** Check that the entry in the pointer-map for page iChild maps to 
-** page iParent, pointer type ptrType. If not, append an error message
-** to pCheck.
-*/
-static void checkPtrmap(
-  IntegrityCk *pCheck,   /* Integrity check context */
-  Pgno iChild,           /* Child page number */
-  u8 eType,              /* Expected pointer map type */
-  Pgno iParent,          /* Expected pointer map parent page number */
-  char *zContext         /* Context description (used for error msg) */
-){
-  int rc;
-  u8 ePtrmapType;
-  Pgno iPtrmapParent;
-
-  rc = ptrmapGet(pCheck->pBt, iChild, &ePtrmapType, &iPtrmapParent);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) pCheck->mallocFailed = 1;
-    checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, "Failed to read ptrmap key=%d", iChild);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if( ePtrmapType!=eType || iPtrmapParent!=iParent ){
-    checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, 
-      "Bad ptr map entry key=%d expected=(%d,%d) got=(%d,%d)", 
-      iChild, eType, iParent, ePtrmapType, iPtrmapParent);
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Check the integrity of the freelist or of an overflow page list.
-** Verify that the number of pages on the list is N.
-*/
-static void checkList(
-  IntegrityCk *pCheck,  /* Integrity checking context */
-  int isFreeList,       /* True for a freelist.  False for overflow page list */
-  int iPage,            /* Page number for first page in the list */
-  int N,                /* Expected number of pages in the list */
-  char *zContext        /* Context for error messages */
-){
-  int i;
-  int expected = N;
-  int iFirst = iPage;
-  while( N-- > 0 && pCheck->mxErr ){
-    DbPage *pOvflPage;
-    unsigned char *pOvflData;
-    if( iPage<1 ){
-      checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext,
-         "%d of %d pages missing from overflow list starting at %d",
-          N+1, expected, iFirst);
-      break;
-    }
-    if( checkRef(pCheck, iPage, zContext) ) break;
-    if( sqlite3PagerGet(pCheck->pPager, (Pgno)iPage, &pOvflPage) ){
-      checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, "failed to get page %d", iPage);
-      break;
-    }
-    pOvflData = (unsigned char *)sqlite3PagerGetData(pOvflPage);
-    if( isFreeList ){
-      int n = get4byte(&pOvflData[4]);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-      if( pCheck->pBt->autoVacuum ){
-        checkPtrmap(pCheck, iPage, PTRMAP_FREEPAGE, 0, zContext);
-      }
-#endif
-      if( n>pCheck->pBt->usableSize/4-2 ){
-        checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext,
-           "freelist leaf count too big on page %d", iPage);
-        N--;
-      }else{
-        for(i=0; i<n; i++){
-          Pgno iFreePage = get4byte(&pOvflData[8+i*4]);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-          if( pCheck->pBt->autoVacuum ){
-            checkPtrmap(pCheck, iFreePage, PTRMAP_FREEPAGE, 0, zContext);
-          }
-#endif
-          checkRef(pCheck, iFreePage, zContext);
-        }
-        N -= n;
-      }
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    else{
-      /* If this database supports auto-vacuum and iPage is not the last
-      ** page in this overflow list, check that the pointer-map entry for
-      ** the following page matches iPage.
-      */
-      if( pCheck->pBt->autoVacuum && N>0 ){
-        i = get4byte(pOvflData);
-        checkPtrmap(pCheck, i, PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2, iPage, zContext);
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-    iPage = get4byte(pOvflData);
-    sqlite3PagerUnref(pOvflPage);
-  }
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
-/*
-** Do various sanity checks on a single page of a tree.  Return
-** the tree depth.  Root pages return 0.  Parents of root pages
-** return 1, and so forth.
-** 
-** These checks are done:
-**
-**      1.  Make sure that cells and freeblocks do not overlap
-**          but combine to completely cover the page.
-**  NO  2.  Make sure cell keys are in order.
-**  NO  3.  Make sure no key is less than or equal to zLowerBound.
-**  NO  4.  Make sure no key is greater than or equal to zUpperBound.
-**      5.  Check the integrity of overflow pages.
-**      6.  Recursively call checkTreePage on all children.
-**      7.  Verify that the depth of all children is the same.
-**      8.  Make sure this page is at least 33% full or else it is
-**          the root of the tree.
-*/
-static int checkTreePage(
-  IntegrityCk *pCheck,  /* Context for the sanity check */
-  int iPage,            /* Page number of the page to check */
-  char *zParentContext, /* Parent context */
-  i64 *pnParentMinKey, 
-  i64 *pnParentMaxKey
-){
-  MemPage *pPage;
-  int i, rc, depth, d2, pgno, cnt;
-  int hdr, cellStart;
-  int nCell;
-  u8 *data;
-  BtShared *pBt;
-  int usableSize;
-  char zContext[100];
-  char *hit = 0;
-  i64 nMinKey = 0;
-  i64 nMaxKey = 0;
-
-  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zContext), zContext, "Page %d: ", iPage);
-
-  /* Check that the page exists
-  */
-  pBt = pCheck->pBt;
-  usableSize = pBt->usableSize;
-  if( iPage==0 ) return 0;
-  if( checkRef(pCheck, iPage, zParentContext) ) return 0;
-  if( (rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, (Pgno)iPage, &pPage, 0))!=0 ){
-    checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext,
-       "unable to get the page. error code=%d", rc);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Clear MemPage.isInit to make sure the corruption detection code in
-  ** btreeInitPage() is executed.  */
-  pPage->isInit = 0;
-  if( (rc = btreeInitPage(pPage))!=0 ){
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT );  /* The only possible error from InitPage */
-    checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, 
-                   "btreeInitPage() returns error code %d", rc);
-    releasePage(pPage);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Check out all the cells.
-  */
-  depth = 0;
-  for(i=0; i<pPage->nCell && pCheck->mxErr; i++){
-    u8 *pCell;
-    u32 sz;
-    CellInfo info;
-
-    /* Check payload overflow pages
-    */
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zContext), zContext,
-             "On tree page %d cell %d: ", iPage, i);
-    pCell = findCell(pPage,i);
-    btreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCell, &info);
-    sz = info.nData;
-    if( !pPage->intKey ) sz += (int)info.nKey;
-    /* For intKey pages, check that the keys are in order.
-    */
-    else if( i==0 ) nMinKey = nMaxKey = info.nKey;
-    else{
-      if( info.nKey <= nMaxKey ){
-        checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, 
-            "Rowid %lld out of order (previous was %lld)", info.nKey, nMaxKey);
-      }
-      nMaxKey = info.nKey;
-    }
-    assert( sz==info.nPayload );
-    if( (sz>info.nLocal) 
-     && (&pCell[info.iOverflow]<=&pPage->aData[pBt->usableSize])
-    ){
-      int nPage = (sz - info.nLocal + usableSize - 5)/(usableSize - 4);
-      Pgno pgnoOvfl = get4byte(&pCell[info.iOverflow]);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-      if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
-        checkPtrmap(pCheck, pgnoOvfl, PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1, iPage, zContext);
-      }
-#endif
-      checkList(pCheck, 0, pgnoOvfl, nPage, zContext);
-    }
-
-    /* Check sanity of left child page.
-    */
-    if( !pPage->leaf ){
-      pgno = get4byte(pCell);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-      if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
-        checkPtrmap(pCheck, pgno, PTRMAP_BTREE, iPage, zContext);
-      }
-#endif
-      d2 = checkTreePage(pCheck, pgno, zContext, &nMinKey, i==0 ? NULL : &nMaxKey);
-      if( i>0 && d2!=depth ){
-        checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, "Child page depth differs");
-      }
-      depth = d2;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( !pPage->leaf ){
-    pgno = get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]);
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zContext), zContext, 
-                     "On page %d at right child: ", iPage);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
-      checkPtrmap(pCheck, pgno, PTRMAP_BTREE, iPage, zContext);
-    }
-#endif
-    checkTreePage(pCheck, pgno, zContext, NULL, !pPage->nCell ? NULL : &nMaxKey);
-  }
- 
-  /* For intKey leaf pages, check that the min/max keys are in order
-  ** with any left/parent/right pages.
-  */
-  if( pPage->leaf && pPage->intKey ){
-    /* if we are a left child page */
-    if( pnParentMinKey ){
-      /* if we are the left most child page */
-      if( !pnParentMaxKey ){
-        if( nMaxKey > *pnParentMinKey ){
-          checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, 
-              "Rowid %lld out of order (max larger than parent min of %lld)",
-              nMaxKey, *pnParentMinKey);
-        }
-      }else{
-        if( nMinKey <= *pnParentMinKey ){
-          checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, 
-              "Rowid %lld out of order (min less than parent min of %lld)",
-              nMinKey, *pnParentMinKey);
-        }
-        if( nMaxKey > *pnParentMaxKey ){
-          checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, 
-              "Rowid %lld out of order (max larger than parent max of %lld)",
-              nMaxKey, *pnParentMaxKey);
-        }
-        *pnParentMinKey = nMaxKey;
-      }
-    /* else if we're a right child page */
-    } else if( pnParentMaxKey ){
-      if( nMinKey <= *pnParentMaxKey ){
-        checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext, 
-            "Rowid %lld out of order (min less than parent max of %lld)",
-            nMinKey, *pnParentMaxKey);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Check for complete coverage of the page
-  */
-  data = pPage->aData;
-  hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
-  hit = sqlite3PageMalloc( pBt->pageSize );
-  if( hit==0 ){
-    pCheck->mallocFailed = 1;
-  }else{
-    u16 contentOffset = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
-    assert( contentOffset<=usableSize );  /* Enforced by btreeInitPage() */
-    memset(hit+contentOffset, 0, usableSize-contentOffset);
-    memset(hit, 1, contentOffset);
-    nCell = get2byte(&data[hdr+3]);
-    cellStart = hdr + 12 - 4*pPage->leaf;
-    for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
-      int pc = get2byte(&data[cellStart+i*2]);
-      u16 size = 1024;
-      int j;
-      if( pc<=usableSize-4 ){
-        size = cellSizePtr(pPage, &data[pc]);
-      }
-      if( (pc+size-1)>=usableSize ){
-        checkAppendMsg(pCheck, 0, 
-            "Corruption detected in cell %d on page %d",i,iPage);
-      }else{
-        for(j=pc+size-1; j>=pc; j--) hit[j]++;
-      }
-    }
-    i = get2byte(&data[hdr+1]);
-    while( i>0 ){
-      int size, j;
-      assert( i<=usableSize-4 );     /* Enforced by btreeInitPage() */
-      size = get2byte(&data[i+2]);
-      assert( i+size<=usableSize );  /* Enforced by btreeInitPage() */
-      for(j=i+size-1; j>=i; j--) hit[j]++;
-      j = get2byte(&data[i]);
-      assert( j==0 || j>i+size );  /* Enforced by btreeInitPage() */
-      assert( j<=usableSize-4 );   /* Enforced by btreeInitPage() */
-      i = j;
-    }
-    for(i=cnt=0; i<usableSize; i++){
-      if( hit[i]==0 ){
-        cnt++;
-      }else if( hit[i]>1 ){
-        checkAppendMsg(pCheck, 0,
-          "Multiple uses for byte %d of page %d", i, iPage);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if( cnt!=data[hdr+7] ){
-      checkAppendMsg(pCheck, 0, 
-          "Fragmentation of %d bytes reported as %d on page %d",
-          cnt, data[hdr+7], iPage);
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3PageFree(hit);
-  releasePage(pPage);
-  return depth+1;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
-/*
-** This routine does a complete check of the given BTree file.  aRoot[] is
-** an array of pages numbers were each page number is the root page of
-** a table.  nRoot is the number of entries in aRoot.
-**
-** A read-only or read-write transaction must be opened before calling
-** this function.
-**
-** Write the number of error seen in *pnErr.  Except for some memory
-** allocation errors,  an error message held in memory obtained from
-** malloc is returned if *pnErr is non-zero.  If *pnErr==0 then NULL is
-** returned.  If a memory allocation error occurs, NULL is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
-  Btree *p,     /* The btree to be checked */
-  int *aRoot,   /* An array of root pages numbers for individual trees */
-  int nRoot,    /* Number of entries in aRoot[] */
-  int mxErr,    /* Stop reporting errors after this many */
-  int *pnErr    /* Write number of errors seen to this variable */
-){
-  Pgno i;
-  int nRef;
-  IntegrityCk sCheck;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  char zErr[100];
-
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  assert( p->inTrans>TRANS_NONE && pBt->inTransaction>TRANS_NONE );
-  nRef = sqlite3PagerRefcount(pBt->pPager);
-  sCheck.pBt = pBt;
-  sCheck.pPager = pBt->pPager;
-  sCheck.nPage = pagerPagecount(sCheck.pBt);
-  sCheck.mxErr = mxErr;
-  sCheck.nErr = 0;
-  sCheck.mallocFailed = 0;
-  *pnErr = 0;
-  if( sCheck.nPage==0 ){
-    sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  sCheck.anRef = sqlite3Malloc( (sCheck.nPage+1)*sizeof(sCheck.anRef[0]) );
-  if( !sCheck.anRef ){
-    *pnErr = 1;
-    sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<=sCheck.nPage; i++){ sCheck.anRef[i] = 0; }
-  i = PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt);
-  if( i<=sCheck.nPage ){
-    sCheck.anRef[i] = 1;
-  }
-  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&sCheck.errMsg, zErr, sizeof(zErr), 20000);
-
-  /* Check the integrity of the freelist
-  */
-  checkList(&sCheck, 1, get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[32]),
-            get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[36]), "Main freelist: ");
-
-  /* Check all the tables.
-  */
-  for(i=0; (int)i<nRoot && sCheck.mxErr; i++){
-    if( aRoot[i]==0 ) continue;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( pBt->autoVacuum && aRoot[i]>1 ){
-      checkPtrmap(&sCheck, aRoot[i], PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE, 0, 0);
-    }
-#endif
-    checkTreePage(&sCheck, aRoot[i], "List of tree roots: ", NULL, NULL);
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure every page in the file is referenced
-  */
-  for(i=1; i<=sCheck.nPage && sCheck.mxErr; i++){
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( sCheck.anRef[i]==0 ){
-      checkAppendMsg(&sCheck, 0, "Page %d is never used", i);
-    }
-#else
-    /* If the database supports auto-vacuum, make sure no tables contain
-    ** references to pointer-map pages.
-    */
-    if( sCheck.anRef[i]==0 && 
-       (PTRMAP_PAGENO(pBt, i)!=i || !pBt->autoVacuum) ){
-      checkAppendMsg(&sCheck, 0, "Page %d is never used", i);
-    }
-    if( sCheck.anRef[i]!=0 && 
-       (PTRMAP_PAGENO(pBt, i)==i && pBt->autoVacuum) ){
-      checkAppendMsg(&sCheck, 0, "Pointer map page %d is referenced", i);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure this analysis did not leave any unref() pages.
-  ** This is an internal consistency check; an integrity check
-  ** of the integrity check.
-  */
-  if( NEVER(nRef != sqlite3PagerRefcount(pBt->pPager)) ){
-    checkAppendMsg(&sCheck, 0, 
-      "Outstanding page count goes from %d to %d during this analysis",
-      nRef, sqlite3PagerRefcount(pBt->pPager)
-    );
-  }
-
-  /* Clean  up and report errors.
-  */
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  sqlite3_free(sCheck.anRef);
-  if( sCheck.mallocFailed ){
-    sqlite3StrAccumReset(&sCheck.errMsg);
-    *pnErr = sCheck.nErr+1;
-    return 0;
-  }
-  *pnErr = sCheck.nErr;
-  if( sCheck.nErr==0 ) sqlite3StrAccumReset(&sCheck.errMsg);
-  return sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&sCheck.errMsg);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
-
-/*
-** Return the full pathname of the underlying database file.
-**
-** The pager filename is invariant as long as the pager is
-** open so it is safe to access without the BtShared mutex.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(Btree *p){
-  assert( p->pBt->pPager!=0 );
-  return sqlite3PagerFilename(p->pBt->pPager);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the pathname of the journal file for this database. The return
-** value of this routine is the same regardless of whether the journal file
-** has been created or not.
-**
-** The pager journal filename is invariant as long as the pager is
-** open so it is safe to access without the BtShared mutex.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3BtreeGetJournalname(Btree *p){
-  assert( p->pBt->pPager!=0 );
-  return sqlite3PagerJournalname(p->pBt->pPager);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return non-zero if a transaction is active.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(Btree *p){
-  assert( p==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-  return (p && (p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE));
-}
-
-/*
-** Return non-zero if a read (or write) transaction is active.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(Btree *p){
-  assert( p );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-  return p->inTrans!=TRANS_NONE;
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(Btree *p){
-  assert( p );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-  return p->nBackup!=0;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function returns a pointer to a blob of memory associated with
-** a single shared-btree. The memory is used by client code for its own
-** purposes (for example, to store a high-level schema associated with 
-** the shared-btree). The btree layer manages reference counting issues.
-**
-** The first time this is called on a shared-btree, nBytes bytes of memory
-** are allocated, zeroed, and returned to the caller. For each subsequent 
-** call the nBytes parameter is ignored and a pointer to the same blob
-** of memory returned. 
-**
-** If the nBytes parameter is 0 and the blob of memory has not yet been
-** allocated, a null pointer is returned. If the blob has already been
-** allocated, it is returned as normal.
-**
-** Just before the shared-btree is closed, the function passed as the 
-** xFree argument when the memory allocation was made is invoked on the 
-** blob of allocated memory. This function should not call sqlite3_free()
-** on the memory, the btree layer does that.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3BtreeSchema(Btree *p, int nBytes, void(*xFree)(void *)){
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  if( !pBt->pSchema && nBytes ){
-    pBt->pSchema = sqlite3MallocZero(nBytes);
-    pBt->xFreeSchema = xFree;
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return pBt->pSchema;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE if another user of the same shared 
-** btree as the argument handle holds an exclusive lock on the 
-** sqlite_master table. Otherwise SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSchemaLocked(Btree *p){
-  int rc;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  rc = querySharedCacheTableLock(p, MASTER_ROOT, READ_LOCK);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE );
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-/*
-** Obtain a lock on the table whose root page is iTab.  The
-** lock is a write lock if isWritelock is true or a read lock
-** if it is false.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLockTable(Btree *p, int iTab, u8 isWriteLock){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  assert( p->inTrans!=TRANS_NONE );
-  if( p->sharable ){
-    u8 lockType = READ_LOCK + isWriteLock;
-    assert( READ_LOCK+1==WRITE_LOCK );
-    assert( isWriteLock==0 || isWriteLock==1 );
-
-    sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-    rc = querySharedCacheTableLock(p, iTab, lockType);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = setSharedCacheTableLock(p, iTab, lockType);
-    }
-    sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-/*
-** Argument pCsr must be a cursor opened for writing on an 
-** INTKEY table currently pointing at a valid table entry. 
-** This function modifies the data stored as part of that entry.
-**
-** Only the data content may only be modified, it is not possible to 
-** change the length of the data stored. If this function is called with
-** parameters that attempt to write past the end of the existing data,
-** no modifications are made and SQLITE_CORRUPT is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePutData(BtCursor *pCsr, u32 offset, u32 amt, void *z){
-  int rc;
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCsr) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCsr->pBtree->db->mutex) );
-  assert( pCsr->isIncrblobHandle );
-
-  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCsr);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  assert( pCsr->eState!=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
-  if( pCsr->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ){
-    return SQLITE_ABORT;
-  }
-
-  /* Check some assumptions: 
-  **   (a) the cursor is open for writing,
-  **   (b) there is a read/write transaction open,
-  **   (c) the connection holds a write-lock on the table (if required),
-  **   (d) there are no conflicting read-locks, and
-  **   (e) the cursor points at a valid row of an intKey table.
-  */
-  if( !pCsr->wrFlag ){
-    return SQLITE_READONLY;
-  }
-  assert( !pCsr->pBt->readOnly && pCsr->pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
-  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(pCsr->pBtree, pCsr->pgnoRoot, 0, 2) );
-  assert( !hasReadConflicts(pCsr->pBtree, pCsr->pgnoRoot) );
-  assert( pCsr->apPage[pCsr->iPage]->intKey );
-
-  return accessPayload(pCsr, offset, amt, (unsigned char *)z, 1);
-}
-
-/* 
-** Set a flag on this cursor to cache the locations of pages from the 
-** overflow list for the current row. This is used by cursors opened
-** for incremental blob IO only.
-**
-** This function sets a flag only. The actual page location cache
-** (stored in BtCursor.aOverflow[]) is allocated and used by function
-** accessPayload() (the worker function for sqlite3BtreeData() and
-** sqlite3BtreePutData()).
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCacheOverflow(BtCursor *pCur){
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
-  assert(!pCur->isIncrblobHandle);
-  assert(!pCur->aOverflow);
-  pCur->isIncrblobHandle = 1;
-}
-#endif
-
-/************** End of btree.c ***********************************************/
-/************** Begin file backup.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2009 January 28
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the implementation of the sqlite3_backup_XXX() 
-** API functions and the related features.
-*/
-
-/* Macro to find the minimum of two numeric values.
-*/
-#ifndef MIN
-# define MIN(x,y) ((x)<(y)?(x):(y))
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Structure allocated for each backup operation.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_backup {
-  sqlite3* pDestDb;        /* Destination database handle */
-  Btree *pDest;            /* Destination b-tree file */
-  u32 iDestSchema;         /* Original schema cookie in destination */
-  int bDestLocked;         /* True once a write-transaction is open on pDest */
-
-  Pgno iNext;              /* Page number of the next source page to copy */
-  sqlite3* pSrcDb;         /* Source database handle */
-  Btree *pSrc;             /* Source b-tree file */
-
-  int rc;                  /* Backup process error code */
-
-  /* These two variables are set by every call to backup_step(). They are
-  ** read by calls to backup_remaining() and backup_pagecount().
-  */
-  Pgno nRemaining;         /* Number of pages left to copy */
-  Pgno nPagecount;         /* Total number of pages to copy */
-
-  int isAttached;          /* True once backup has been registered with pager */
-  sqlite3_backup *pNext;   /* Next backup associated with source pager */
-};
-
-/*
-** THREAD SAFETY NOTES:
-**
-**   Once it has been created using backup_init(), a single sqlite3_backup
-**   structure may be accessed via two groups of thread-safe entry points:
-**
-**     * Via the sqlite3_backup_XXX() API function backup_step() and 
-**       backup_finish(). Both these functions obtain the source database
-**       handle mutex and the mutex associated with the source BtShared 
-**       structure, in that order.
-**
-**     * Via the BackupUpdate() and BackupRestart() functions, which are
-**       invoked by the pager layer to report various state changes in
-**       the page cache associated with the source database. The mutex
-**       associated with the source database BtShared structure will always 
-**       be held when either of these functions are invoked.
-**
-**   The other sqlite3_backup_XXX() API functions, backup_remaining() and
-**   backup_pagecount() are not thread-safe functions. If they are called
-**   while some other thread is calling backup_step() or backup_finish(),
-**   the values returned may be invalid. There is no way for a call to
-**   BackupUpdate() or BackupRestart() to interfere with backup_remaining()
-**   or backup_pagecount().
-**
-**   Depending on the SQLite configuration, the database handles and/or
-**   the Btree objects may have their own mutexes that require locking.
-**   Non-sharable Btrees (in-memory databases for example), do not have
-**   associated mutexes.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer corresponding to database zDb (i.e. "main", "temp")
-** in connection handle pDb. If such a database cannot be found, return
-** a NULL pointer and write an error message to pErrorDb.
-**
-** If the "temp" database is requested, it may need to be opened by this 
-** function. If an error occurs while doing so, return 0 and write an 
-** error message to pErrorDb.
-*/
-static Btree *findBtree(sqlite3 *pErrorDb, sqlite3 *pDb, const char *zDb){
-  int i = sqlite3FindDbName(pDb, zDb);
-
-  if( i==1 ){
-    Parse *pParse;
-    int rc = 0;
-    pParse = sqlite3StackAllocZero(pErrorDb, sizeof(*pParse));
-    if( pParse==0 ){
-      sqlite3Error(pErrorDb, SQLITE_NOMEM, "out of memory");
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      pParse->db = pDb;
-      if( sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(pParse) ){
-        sqlite3Error(pErrorDb, pParse->rc, "%s", pParse->zErrMsg);
-        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-      }
-      sqlite3DbFree(pErrorDb, pParse->zErrMsg);
-      sqlite3StackFree(pErrorDb, pParse);
-    }
-    if( rc ){
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( i<0 ){
-    sqlite3Error(pErrorDb, SQLITE_ERROR, "unknown database %s", zDb);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  return pDb->aDb[i].pBt;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create an sqlite3_backup process to copy the contents of zSrcDb from
-** connection handle pSrcDb to zDestDb in pDestDb. If successful, return
-** a pointer to the new sqlite3_backup object.
-**
-** If an error occurs, NULL is returned and an error code and error message
-** stored in database handle pDestDb.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
-  sqlite3* pDestDb,                     /* Database to write to */
-  const char *zDestDb,                  /* Name of database within pDestDb */
-  sqlite3* pSrcDb,                      /* Database connection to read from */
-  const char *zSrcDb                    /* Name of database within pSrcDb */
-){
-  sqlite3_backup *p;                    /* Value to return */
-
-  /* Lock the source database handle. The destination database
-  ** handle is not locked in this routine, but it is locked in
-  ** sqlite3_backup_step(). The user is required to ensure that no
-  ** other thread accesses the destination handle for the duration
-  ** of the backup operation.  Any attempt to use the destination
-  ** database connection while a backup is in progress may cause
-  ** a malfunction or a deadlock.
-  */
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pSrcDb->mutex);
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pDestDb->mutex);
-
-  if( pSrcDb==pDestDb ){
-    sqlite3Error(
-        pDestDb, SQLITE_ERROR, "source and destination must be distinct"
-    );
-    p = 0;
-  }else {
-    /* Allocate space for a new sqlite3_backup object */
-    p = (sqlite3_backup *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(sqlite3_backup));
-    if( !p ){
-      sqlite3Error(pDestDb, SQLITE_NOMEM, 0);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If the allocation succeeded, populate the new object. */
-  if( p ){
-    memset(p, 0, sizeof(sqlite3_backup));
-    p->pSrc = findBtree(pDestDb, pSrcDb, zSrcDb);
-    p->pDest = findBtree(pDestDb, pDestDb, zDestDb);
-    p->pDestDb = pDestDb;
-    p->pSrcDb = pSrcDb;
-    p->iNext = 1;
-    p->isAttached = 0;
-
-    if( 0==p->pSrc || 0==p->pDest ){
-      /* One (or both) of the named databases did not exist. An error has
-      ** already been written into the pDestDb handle. All that is left
-      ** to do here is free the sqlite3_backup structure.
-      */
-      sqlite3_free(p);
-      p = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  if( p ){
-    p->pSrc->nBackup++;
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pDestDb->mutex);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pSrcDb->mutex);
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Argument rc is an SQLite error code. Return true if this error is 
-** considered fatal if encountered during a backup operation. All errors
-** are considered fatal except for SQLITE_BUSY and SQLITE_LOCKED.
-*/
-static int isFatalError(int rc){
-  return (rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_BUSY && ALWAYS(rc!=SQLITE_LOCKED));
-}
-
-/*
-** Parameter zSrcData points to a buffer containing the data for 
-** page iSrcPg from the source database. Copy this data into the 
-** destination database.
-*/
-static int backupOnePage(sqlite3_backup *p, Pgno iSrcPg, const u8 *zSrcData){
-  Pager * const pDestPager = sqlite3BtreePager(p->pDest);
-  const int nSrcPgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(p->pSrc);
-  int nDestPgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(p->pDest);
-  const int nCopy = MIN(nSrcPgsz, nDestPgsz);
-  const i64 iEnd = (i64)iSrcPg*(i64)nSrcPgsz;
-
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  i64 iOff;
-
-  assert( p->bDestLocked );
-  assert( !isFatalError(p->rc) );
-  assert( iSrcPg!=PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(p->pSrc->pBt) );
-  assert( zSrcData );
-
-  /* Catch the case where the destination is an in-memory database and the
-  ** page sizes of the source and destination differ. 
-  */
-  if( nSrcPgsz!=nDestPgsz && sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(sqlite3BtreePager(p->pDest)) ){
-    rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
-  }
-
-  /* This loop runs once for each destination page spanned by the source 
-  ** page. For each iteration, variable iOff is set to the byte offset
-  ** of the destination page.
-  */
-  for(iOff=iEnd-(i64)nSrcPgsz; rc==SQLITE_OK && iOff<iEnd; iOff+=nDestPgsz){
-    DbPage *pDestPg = 0;
-    Pgno iDest = (Pgno)(iOff/nDestPgsz)+1;
-    if( iDest==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(p->pDest->pBt) ) continue;
-    if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pDestPager, iDest, &pDestPg))
-     && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pDestPg))
-    ){
-      const u8 *zIn = &zSrcData[iOff%nSrcPgsz];
-      u8 *zDestData = sqlite3PagerGetData(pDestPg);
-      u8 *zOut = &zDestData[iOff%nDestPgsz];
-
-      /* Copy the data from the source page into the destination page.
-      ** Then clear the Btree layer MemPage.isInit flag. Both this module
-      ** and the pager code use this trick (clearing the first byte
-      ** of the page 'extra' space to invalidate the Btree layers
-      ** cached parse of the page). MemPage.isInit is marked 
-      ** "MUST BE FIRST" for this purpose.
-      */
-      memcpy(zOut, zIn, nCopy);
-      ((u8 *)sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pDestPg))[0] = 0;
-    }
-    sqlite3PagerUnref(pDestPg);
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** If pFile is currently larger than iSize bytes, then truncate it to
-** exactly iSize bytes. If pFile is not larger than iSize bytes, then
-** this function is a no-op.
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK if everything is successful, or an SQLite error 
-** code if an error occurs.
-*/
-static int backupTruncateFile(sqlite3_file *pFile, i64 iSize){
-  i64 iCurrent;
-  int rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pFile, &iCurrent);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iCurrent>iSize ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pFile, iSize);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Register this backup object with the associated source pager for
-** callbacks when pages are changed or the cache invalidated.
-*/
-static void attachBackupObject(sqlite3_backup *p){
-  sqlite3_backup **pp;
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p->pSrc) );
-  pp = sqlite3PagerBackupPtr(sqlite3BtreePager(p->pSrc));
-  p->pNext = *pp;
-  *pp = p;
-  p->isAttached = 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Copy nPage pages from the source b-tree to the destination.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
-  int rc;
-
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pSrcDb->mutex);
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p->pSrc);
-  if( p->pDestDb ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pDestDb->mutex);
-  }
-
-  rc = p->rc;
-  if( !isFatalError(rc) ){
-    Pager * const pSrcPager = sqlite3BtreePager(p->pSrc);     /* Source pager */
-    Pager * const pDestPager = sqlite3BtreePager(p->pDest);   /* Dest pager */
-    int ii;                            /* Iterator variable */
-    int nSrcPage = -1;                 /* Size of source db in pages */
-    int bCloseTrans = 0;               /* True if src db requires unlocking */
-
-    /* If the source pager is currently in a write-transaction, return
-    ** SQLITE_BUSY immediately.
-    */
-    if( p->pDestDb && p->pSrc->pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE ){
-      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }else{
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-
-    /* Lock the destination database, if it is not locked already. */
-    if( SQLITE_OK==rc && p->bDestLocked==0
-     && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(p->pDest, 2)) 
-    ){
-      p->bDestLocked = 1;
-      sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(p->pDest, BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION, &p->iDestSchema);
-    }
-
-    /* If there is no open read-transaction on the source database, open
-    ** one now. If a transaction is opened here, then it will be closed
-    ** before this function exits.
-    */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && 0==sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(p->pSrc) ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(p->pSrc, 0);
-      bCloseTrans = 1;
-    }
-  
-    /* Now that there is a read-lock on the source database, query the
-    ** source pager for the number of pages in the database.
-    */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pSrcPager, &nSrcPage);
-    }
-    for(ii=0; (nPage<0 || ii<nPage) && p->iNext<=(Pgno)nSrcPage && !rc; ii++){
-      const Pgno iSrcPg = p->iNext;                 /* Source page number */
-      if( iSrcPg!=PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(p->pSrc->pBt) ){
-        DbPage *pSrcPg;                             /* Source page object */
-        rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pSrcPager, iSrcPg, &pSrcPg);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = backupOnePage(p, iSrcPg, sqlite3PagerGetData(pSrcPg));
-          sqlite3PagerUnref(pSrcPg);
-        }
-      }
-      p->iNext++;
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      p->nPagecount = nSrcPage;
-      p->nRemaining = nSrcPage+1-p->iNext;
-      if( p->iNext>(Pgno)nSrcPage ){
-        rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-      }else if( !p->isAttached ){
-        attachBackupObject(p);
-      }
-    }
-  
-    /* Update the schema version field in the destination database. This
-    ** is to make sure that the schema-version really does change in
-    ** the case where the source and destination databases have the
-    ** same schema version.
-    */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_DONE 
-     && (rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(p->pDest,1,p->iDestSchema+1))==SQLITE_OK
-    ){
-      const int nSrcPagesize = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(p->pSrc);
-      const int nDestPagesize = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(p->pDest);
-      int nDestTruncate;
-  
-      if( p->pDestDb ){
-        sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(p->pDestDb, 0);
-      }
-
-      /* Set nDestTruncate to the final number of pages in the destination
-      ** database. The complication here is that the destination page
-      ** size may be different to the source page size. 
-      **
-      ** If the source page size is smaller than the destination page size, 
-      ** round up. In this case the call to sqlite3OsTruncate() below will
-      ** fix the size of the file. However it is important to call
-      ** sqlite3PagerTruncateImage() here so that any pages in the 
-      ** destination file that lie beyond the nDestTruncate page mark are
-      ** journalled by PagerCommitPhaseOne() before they are destroyed
-      ** by the file truncation.
-      */
-      if( nSrcPagesize<nDestPagesize ){
-        int ratio = nDestPagesize/nSrcPagesize;
-        nDestTruncate = (nSrcPage+ratio-1)/ratio;
-        if( nDestTruncate==(int)PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(p->pDest->pBt) ){
-          nDestTruncate--;
-        }
-      }else{
-        nDestTruncate = nSrcPage * (nSrcPagesize/nDestPagesize);
-      }
-      sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(pDestPager, nDestTruncate);
-
-      if( nSrcPagesize<nDestPagesize ){
-        /* If the source page-size is smaller than the destination page-size,
-        ** two extra things may need to happen:
-        **
-        **   * The destination may need to be truncated, and
-        **
-        **   * Data stored on the pages immediately following the 
-        **     pending-byte page in the source database may need to be
-        **     copied into the destination database.
-        */
-        const i64 iSize = (i64)nSrcPagesize * (i64)nSrcPage;
-        sqlite3_file * const pFile = sqlite3PagerFile(pDestPager);
-
-        assert( pFile );
-        assert( (i64)nDestTruncate*(i64)nDestPagesize >= iSize || (
-              nDestTruncate==(int)(PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(p->pDest->pBt)-1)
-           && iSize>=PENDING_BYTE && iSize<=PENDING_BYTE+nDestPagesize
-        ));
-        if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(pDestPager, 0, 1))
-         && SQLITE_OK==(rc = backupTruncateFile(pFile, iSize))
-         && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3PagerSync(pDestPager))
-        ){
-          i64 iOff;
-          i64 iEnd = MIN(PENDING_BYTE + nDestPagesize, iSize);
-          for(
-            iOff=PENDING_BYTE+nSrcPagesize; 
-            rc==SQLITE_OK && iOff<iEnd; 
-            iOff+=nSrcPagesize
-          ){
-            PgHdr *pSrcPg = 0;
-            const Pgno iSrcPg = (Pgno)((iOff/nSrcPagesize)+1);
-            rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pSrcPager, iSrcPg, &pSrcPg);
-            if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-              u8 *zData = sqlite3PagerGetData(pSrcPg);
-              rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pFile, zData, nSrcPagesize, iOff);
-            }
-            sqlite3PagerUnref(pSrcPg);
-          }
-        }
-      }else{
-        rc = sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(pDestPager, 0, 0);
-      }
-  
-      /* Finish committing the transaction to the destination database. */
-      if( SQLITE_OK==rc
-       && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(p->pDest))
-      ){
-        rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-      }
-    }
-  
-    /* If bCloseTrans is true, then this function opened a read transaction
-    ** on the source database. Close the read transaction here. There is
-    ** no need to check the return values of the btree methods here, as
-    ** "committing" a read-only transaction cannot fail.
-    */
-    if( bCloseTrans ){
-      TESTONLY( int rc2 );
-      TESTONLY( rc2  = ) sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(p->pSrc, 0);
-      TESTONLY( rc2 |= ) sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(p->pSrc);
-      assert( rc2==SQLITE_OK );
-    }
-  
-    p->rc = rc;
-  }
-  if( p->pDestDb ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->pDestDb->mutex);
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p->pSrc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->pSrcDb->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Release all resources associated with an sqlite3_backup* handle.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p){
-  sqlite3_backup **pp;                 /* Ptr to head of pagers backup list */
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;                /* Mutex to protect source database */
-  int rc;                              /* Value to return */
-
-  /* Enter the mutexes */
-  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pSrcDb->mutex);
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p->pSrc);
-  mutex = p->pSrcDb->mutex;
-  if( p->pDestDb ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pDestDb->mutex);
-  }
-
-  /* Detach this backup from the source pager. */
-  if( p->pDestDb ){
-    p->pSrc->nBackup--;
-  }
-  if( p->isAttached ){
-    pp = sqlite3PagerBackupPtr(sqlite3BtreePager(p->pSrc));
-    while( *pp!=p ){
-      pp = &(*pp)->pNext;
-    }
-    *pp = p->pNext;
-  }
-
-  /* If a transaction is still open on the Btree, roll it back. */
-  sqlite3BtreeRollback(p->pDest);
-
-  /* Set the error code of the destination database handle. */
-  rc = (p->rc==SQLITE_DONE) ? SQLITE_OK : p->rc;
-  sqlite3Error(p->pDestDb, rc, 0);
-
-  /* Exit the mutexes and free the backup context structure. */
-  if( p->pDestDb ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->pDestDb->mutex);
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p->pSrc);
-  if( p->pDestDb ){
-    sqlite3_free(p);
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of pages still to be backed up as of the most recent
-** call to sqlite3_backup_step().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p){
-  return p->nRemaining;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the total number of pages in the source database as of the most 
-** recent call to sqlite3_backup_step().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p){
-  return p->nPagecount;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called after the contents of page iPage of the
-** source database have been modified. If page iPage has already been 
-** copied into the destination database, then the data written to the
-** destination is now invalidated. The destination copy of iPage needs
-** to be updated with the new data before the backup operation is
-** complete.
-**
-** It is assumed that the mutex associated with the BtShared object
-** corresponding to the source database is held when this function is
-** called.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *pBackup, Pgno iPage, const u8 *aData){
-  sqlite3_backup *p;                   /* Iterator variable */
-  for(p=pBackup; p; p=p->pNext){
-    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pSrc->pBt->mutex) );
-    if( !isFatalError(p->rc) && iPage<p->iNext ){
-      /* The backup process p has already copied page iPage. But now it
-      ** has been modified by a transaction on the source pager. Copy
-      ** the new data into the backup.
-      */
-      int rc = backupOnePage(p, iPage, aData);
-      assert( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY && rc!=SQLITE_LOCKED );
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        p->rc = rc;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Restart the backup process. This is called when the pager layer
-** detects that the database has been modified by an external database
-** connection. In this case there is no way of knowing which of the
-** pages that have been copied into the destination database are still 
-** valid and which are not, so the entire process needs to be restarted.
-**
-** It is assumed that the mutex associated with the BtShared object
-** corresponding to the source database is held when this function is
-** called.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *pBackup){
-  sqlite3_backup *p;                   /* Iterator variable */
-  for(p=pBackup; p; p=p->pNext){
-    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pSrc->pBt->mutex) );
-    p->iNext = 1;
-  }
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM
-/*
-** Copy the complete content of pBtFrom into pBtTo.  A transaction
-** must be active for both files.
-**
-** The size of file pTo may be reduced by this operation. If anything 
-** goes wrong, the transaction on pTo is rolled back. If successful, the 
-** transaction is committed before returning.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCopyFile(Btree *pTo, Btree *pFrom){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_backup b;
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(pTo);
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(pFrom);
-
-  /* Set up an sqlite3_backup object. sqlite3_backup.pDestDb must be set
-  ** to 0. This is used by the implementations of sqlite3_backup_step()
-  ** and sqlite3_backup_finish() to detect that they are being called
-  ** from this function, not directly by the user.
-  */
-  memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));
-  b.pSrcDb = pFrom->db;
-  b.pSrc = pFrom;
-  b.pDest = pTo;
-  b.iNext = 1;
-
-  /* 0x7FFFFFFF is the hard limit for the number of pages in a database
-  ** file. By passing this as the number of pages to copy to
-  ** sqlite3_backup_step(), we can guarantee that the copy finishes 
-  ** within a single call (unless an error occurs). The assert() statement
-  ** checks this assumption - (p->rc) should be set to either SQLITE_DONE 
-  ** or an error code.
-  */
-  sqlite3_backup_step(&b, 0x7FFFFFFF);
-  assert( b.rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-  rc = sqlite3_backup_finish(&b);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pTo->pBt->pageSizeFixed = 0;
-  }
-
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(pFrom);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(pTo);
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM */
-
-/************** End of backup.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file vdbemem.c *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2004 May 26
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains code use to manipulate "Mem" structure.  A "Mem"
-** stores a single value in the VDBE.  Mem is an opaque structure visible
-** only within the VDBE.  Interface routines refer to a Mem using the
-** name sqlite_value
-*/
-
-/*
-** Call sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob() on the supplied value (type Mem*)
-** P if required.
-*/
-#define expandBlob(P) (((P)->flags&MEM_Zero)?sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(P):0)
-
-/*
-** If pMem is an object with a valid string representation, this routine
-** ensures the internal encoding for the string representation is
-** 'desiredEnc', one of SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE.
-**
-** If pMem is not a string object, or the encoding of the string
-** representation is already stored using the requested encoding, then this
-** routine is a no-op.
-**
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if the conversion is successful (or not required).
-** SQLITE_NOMEM may be returned if a malloc() fails during conversion
-** between formats.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(Mem *pMem, int desiredEnc){
-  int rc;
-  assert( (pMem->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-  assert( desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF8 || desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF16LE
-           || desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
-  if( !(pMem->flags&MEM_Str) || pMem->enc==desiredEnc ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  return SQLITE_ERROR;
-#else
-
-  /* MemTranslate() may return SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_NOMEM. If NOMEM is returned,
-  ** then the encoding of the value may not have changed.
-  */
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(pMem, (u8)desiredEnc);
-  assert(rc==SQLITE_OK    || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM);
-  assert(rc==SQLITE_OK    || pMem->enc!=desiredEnc);
-  assert(rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || pMem->enc==desiredEnc);
-  return rc;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Make sure pMem->z points to a writable allocation of at least 
-** n bytes.
-**
-** If the memory cell currently contains string or blob data
-** and the third argument passed to this function is true, the 
-** current content of the cell is preserved. Otherwise, it may
-** be discarded.  
-**
-** This function sets the MEM_Dyn flag and clears any xDel callback.
-** It also clears MEM_Ephem and MEM_Static. If the preserve flag is 
-** not set, Mem.n is zeroed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int preserve){
-  assert( 1 >=
-    ((pMem->zMalloc && pMem->zMalloc==pMem->z) ? 1 : 0) +
-    (((pMem->flags&MEM_Dyn)&&pMem->xDel) ? 1 : 0) + 
-    ((pMem->flags&MEM_Ephem) ? 1 : 0) + 
-    ((pMem->flags&MEM_Static) ? 1 : 0)
-  );
-  assert( (pMem->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-
-  if( n<32 ) n = 32;
-  if( sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc)<n ){
-    if( preserve && pMem->z==pMem->zMalloc ){
-      pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pMem->db, pMem->z, n);
-      preserve = 0;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3DbFree(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
-      pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pMem->db, n);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( pMem->z && preserve && pMem->zMalloc && pMem->z!=pMem->zMalloc ){
-    memcpy(pMem->zMalloc, pMem->z, pMem->n);
-  }
-  if( pMem->flags&MEM_Dyn && pMem->xDel ){
-    pMem->xDel((void *)(pMem->z));
-  }
-
-  pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc;
-  if( pMem->z==0 ){
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
-  }else{
-    pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Ephem|MEM_Static);
-  }
-  pMem->xDel = 0;
-  return (pMem->z ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_NOMEM);
-}
-
-/*
-** Make the given Mem object MEM_Dyn.  In other words, make it so
-** that any TEXT or BLOB content is stored in memory obtained from
-** malloc().  In this way, we know that the memory is safe to be
-** overwritten or altered.
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK on success or SQLITE_NOMEM if malloc fails.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(Mem *pMem){
-  int f;
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  assert( (pMem->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-  expandBlob(pMem);
-  f = pMem->flags;
-  if( (f&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob)) && pMem->z!=pMem->zMalloc ){
-    if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, pMem->n + 2, 1) ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    pMem->z[pMem->n] = 0;
-    pMem->z[pMem->n+1] = 0;
-    pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** If the given Mem* has a zero-filled tail, turn it into an ordinary
-** blob stored in dynamically allocated space.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(Mem *pMem){
-  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-    int nByte;
-    assert( pMem->flags&MEM_Blob );
-    assert( (pMem->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-    assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-
-    /* Set nByte to the number of bytes required to store the expanded blob. */
-    nByte = pMem->n + pMem->u.nZero;
-    if( nByte<=0 ){
-      nByte = 1;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, nByte, 1) ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-
-    memset(&pMem->z[pMem->n], 0, pMem->u.nZero);
-    pMem->n += pMem->u.nZero;
-    pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Zero|MEM_Term);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Make sure the given Mem is \u0000 terminated.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(Mem *pMem){
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  if( (pMem->flags & MEM_Term)!=0 || (pMem->flags & MEM_Str)==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;   /* Nothing to do */
-  }
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, pMem->n+2, 1) ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  pMem->z[pMem->n] = 0;
-  pMem->z[pMem->n+1] = 0;
-  pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add MEM_Str to the set of representations for the given Mem.  Numbers
-** are converted using sqlite3_snprintf().  Converting a BLOB to a string
-** is a no-op.
-**
-** Existing representations MEM_Int and MEM_Real are *not* invalidated.
-**
-** A MEM_Null value will never be passed to this function. This function is
-** used for converting values to text for returning to the user (i.e. via
-** sqlite3_value_text()), or for ensuring that values to be used as btree
-** keys are strings. In the former case a NULL pointer is returned the
-** user and the later is an internal programming error.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(Mem *pMem, int enc){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int fg = pMem->flags;
-  const int nByte = 32;
-
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  assert( !(fg&MEM_Zero) );
-  assert( !(fg&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob)) );
-  assert( fg&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) );
-  assert( (pMem->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
-
-
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, nByte, 0) ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  /* For a Real or Integer, use sqlite3_mprintf() to produce the UTF-8
-  ** string representation of the value. Then, if the required encoding
-  ** is UTF-16le or UTF-16be do a translation.
-  ** 
-  ** FIX ME: It would be better if sqlite3_snprintf() could do UTF-16.
-  */
-  if( fg & MEM_Int ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nByte, pMem->z, "%lld", pMem->u.i);
-  }else{
-    assert( fg & MEM_Real );
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nByte, pMem->z, "%!.15g", pMem->r);
-  }
-  pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
-  pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-  pMem->flags |= MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, enc);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Memory cell pMem contains the context of an aggregate function.
-** This routine calls the finalize method for that function.  The
-** result of the aggregate is stored back into pMem.
-**
-** Return SQLITE_ERROR if the finalizer reports an error.  SQLITE_OK
-** otherwise.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem *pMem, FuncDef *pFunc){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( ALWAYS(pFunc && pFunc->xFinalize) ){
-    sqlite3_context ctx;
-    assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 || pFunc==pMem->u.pDef );
-    assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-    memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
-    ctx.s.flags = MEM_Null;
-    ctx.s.db = pMem->db;
-    ctx.pMem = pMem;
-    ctx.pFunc = pFunc;
-    pFunc->xFinalize(&ctx);
-    assert( 0==(pMem->flags&MEM_Dyn) && !pMem->xDel );
-    sqlite3DbFree(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
-    memcpy(pMem, &ctx.s, sizeof(ctx.s));
-    rc = ctx.isError;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** If the memory cell contains a string value that must be freed by
-** invoking an external callback, free it now. Calling this function
-** does not free any Mem.zMalloc buffer.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(Mem *p){
-  assert( p->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-  testcase( p->flags & MEM_Agg );
-  testcase( p->flags & MEM_Dyn );
-  testcase( p->flags & MEM_RowSet );
-  testcase( p->flags & MEM_Frame );
-  if( p->flags&(MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn|MEM_RowSet|MEM_Frame) ){
-    if( p->flags&MEM_Agg ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(p, p->u.pDef);
-      assert( (p->flags & MEM_Agg)==0 );
-      sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(p);
-    }else if( p->flags&MEM_Dyn && p->xDel ){
-      assert( (p->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-      p->xDel((void *)p->z);
-      p->xDel = 0;
-    }else if( p->flags&MEM_RowSet ){
-      sqlite3RowSetClear(p->u.pRowSet);
-    }else if( p->flags&MEM_Frame ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(p);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Release any memory held by the Mem. This may leave the Mem in an
-** inconsistent state, for example with (Mem.z==0) and
-** (Mem.type==SQLITE_TEXT).
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(Mem *p){
-  sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(p);
-  sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->zMalloc);
-  p->z = 0;
-  p->zMalloc = 0;
-  p->xDel = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert a 64-bit IEEE double into a 64-bit signed integer.
-** If the double is too large, return 0x8000000000000000.
-**
-** Most systems appear to do this simply by assigning
-** variables and without the extra range tests.  But
-** there are reports that windows throws an expection
-** if the floating point value is out of range. (See ticket #2880.)
-** Because we do not completely understand the problem, we will
-** take the conservative approach and always do range tests
-** before attempting the conversion.
-*/
-static i64 doubleToInt64(double r){
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  /* When floating-point is omitted, double and int64 are the same thing */
-  return r;
-#else
-  /*
-  ** Many compilers we encounter do not define constants for the
-  ** minimum and maximum 64-bit integers, or they define them
-  ** inconsistently.  And many do not understand the "LL" notation.
-  ** So we define our own static constants here using nothing
-  ** larger than a 32-bit integer constant.
-  */
-  static const i64 maxInt = LARGEST_INT64;
-  static const i64 minInt = SMALLEST_INT64;
-
-  if( r<(double)minInt ){
-    return minInt;
-  }else if( r>(double)maxInt ){
-    /* minInt is correct here - not maxInt.  It turns out that assigning
-    ** a very large positive number to an integer results in a very large
-    ** negative integer.  This makes no sense, but it is what x86 hardware
-    ** does so for compatibility we will do the same in software. */
-    return minInt;
-  }else{
-    return (i64)r;
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Return some kind of integer value which is the best we can do
-** at representing the value that *pMem describes as an integer.
-** If pMem is an integer, then the value is exact.  If pMem is
-** a floating-point then the value returned is the integer part.
-** If pMem is a string or blob, then we make an attempt to convert
-** it into a integer and return that.  If pMem represents an
-** an SQL-NULL value, return 0.
-**
-** If pMem represents a string value, its encoding might be changed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3VdbeIntValue(Mem *pMem){
-  int flags;
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
-  flags = pMem->flags;
-  if( flags & MEM_Int ){
-    return pMem->u.i;
-  }else if( flags & MEM_Real ){
-    return doubleToInt64(pMem->r);
-  }else if( flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
-    i64 value;
-    pMem->flags |= MEM_Str;
-    if( sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, SQLITE_UTF8)
-       || sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(pMem) ){
-      return 0;
-    }
-    assert( pMem->z );
-    sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &value);
-    return value;
-  }else{
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the best representation of pMem that we can get into a
-** double.  If pMem is already a double or an integer, return its
-** value.  If it is a string or blob, try to convert it to a double.
-** If it is a NULL, return 0.0.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE double sqlite3VdbeRealValue(Mem *pMem){
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
-  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Real ){
-    return pMem->r;
-  }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
-    return (double)pMem->u.i;
-  }else if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
-    /* (double)0 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
-    double val = (double)0;
-    pMem->flags |= MEM_Str;
-    if( sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, SQLITE_UTF8)
-       || sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(pMem) ){
-      /* (double)0 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
-      return (double)0;
-    }
-    assert( pMem->z );
-    sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &val);
-    return val;
-  }else{
-    /* (double)0 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
-    return (double)0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The MEM structure is already a MEM_Real.  Try to also make it a
-** MEM_Int if we can.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(Mem *pMem){
-  assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Real );
-  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
-
-  pMem->u.i = doubleToInt64(pMem->r);
-
-  /* Only mark the value as an integer if
-  **
-  **    (1) the round-trip conversion real->int->real is a no-op, and
-  **    (2) The integer is neither the largest nor the smallest
-  **        possible integer (ticket #3922)
-  **
-  ** The second and third terms in the following conditional enforces
-  ** the second condition under the assumption that addition overflow causes
-  ** values to wrap around.  On x86 hardware, the third term is always
-  ** true and could be omitted.  But we leave it in because other
-  ** architectures might behave differently.
-  */
-  if( pMem->r==(double)pMem->u.i && pMem->u.i>SMALLEST_INT64
-      && ALWAYS(pMem->u.i<LARGEST_INT64) ){
-    pMem->flags |= MEM_Int;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert pMem to type integer.  Invalidate any prior representations.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(Mem *pMem){
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
-
-  pMem->u.i = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pMem);
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert pMem so that it is of type MEM_Real.
-** Invalidate any prior representations.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(Mem *pMem){
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
-
-  pMem->r = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pMem);
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert pMem so that it has types MEM_Real or MEM_Int or both.
-** Invalidate any prior representations.
-**
-** Every effort is made to force the conversion, even if the input
-** is a string that does not look completely like a number.  Convert
-** as much of the string as we can and ignore the rest.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem *pMem){
-  int rc;
-  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null))==0 );
-  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str))!=0 );
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, SQLITE_UTF8);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(pMem);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-  if( sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i) ){
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
-  }else{
-    pMem->r = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pMem);
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
-    sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pMem);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete any previous value and set the value stored in *pMem to NULL.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(Mem *pMem){
-  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Frame ){
-    sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(pMem->u.pFrame);
-  }
-  if( pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet ){
-    sqlite3RowSetClear(pMem->u.pRowSet);
-  }
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Null);
-  pMem->type = SQLITE_NULL;
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete any previous value and set the value to be a BLOB of length
-** n containing all zeros.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(Mem *pMem, int n){
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-  pMem->flags = MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero;
-  pMem->type = SQLITE_BLOB;
-  pMem->n = 0;
-  if( n<0 ) n = 0;
-  pMem->u.nZero = n;
-  pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-  sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, n, 0);
-  if( pMem->z ){
-    pMem->n = n;
-    memset(pMem->z, 0, n);
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete any previous value and set the value stored in *pMem to val,
-** manifest type INTEGER.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(Mem *pMem, i64 val){
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-  pMem->u.i = val;
-  pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-  pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-/*
-** Delete any previous value and set the value stored in *pMem to val,
-** manifest type REAL.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(Mem *pMem, double val){
-  if( sqlite3IsNaN(val) ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pMem);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-    pMem->r = val;
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Real;
-    pMem->type = SQLITE_FLOAT;
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Delete any previous value and set the value of pMem to be an
-** empty boolean index.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(Mem *pMem){
-  sqlite3 *db = pMem->db;
-  assert( db!=0 );
-  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-  pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, 64);
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
-  }else{
-    assert( pMem->zMalloc );
-    pMem->u.pRowSet = sqlite3RowSetInit(db, pMem->zMalloc, 
-                                       sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, pMem->zMalloc));
-    assert( pMem->u.pRowSet!=0 );
-    pMem->flags = MEM_RowSet;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return true if the Mem object contains a TEXT or BLOB that is
-** too large - whose size exceeds SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(Mem *p){
-  assert( p->db!=0 );
-  if( p->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
-    int n = p->n;
-    if( p->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-      n += p->u.nZero;
-    }
-    return n>p->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH];
-  }
-  return 0; 
-}
-
-/*
-** Size of struct Mem not including the Mem.zMalloc member.
-*/
-#define MEMCELLSIZE (size_t)(&(((Mem *)0)->zMalloc))
-
-/*
-** Make an shallow copy of pFrom into pTo.  Prior contents of
-** pTo are freed.  The pFrom->z field is not duplicated.  If
-** pFrom->z is used, then pTo->z points to the same thing as pFrom->z
-** and flags gets srcType (either MEM_Ephem or MEM_Static).
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(Mem *pTo, const Mem *pFrom, int srcType){
-  assert( (pFrom->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(pTo);
-  memcpy(pTo, pFrom, MEMCELLSIZE);
-  pTo->xDel = 0;
-  if( (pFrom->flags&MEM_Static)==0 ){
-    pTo->flags &= ~(MEM_Dyn|MEM_Static|MEM_Ephem);
-    assert( srcType==MEM_Ephem || srcType==MEM_Static );
-    pTo->flags |= srcType;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Make a full copy of pFrom into pTo.  Prior contents of pTo are
-** freed before the copy is made.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(Mem *pTo, const Mem *pFrom){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  assert( (pFrom->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(pTo);
-  memcpy(pTo, pFrom, MEMCELLSIZE);
-  pTo->flags &= ~MEM_Dyn;
-
-  if( pTo->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
-    if( 0==(pFrom->flags&MEM_Static) ){
-      pTo->flags |= MEM_Ephem;
-      rc = sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(pTo);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Transfer the contents of pFrom to pTo. Any existing value in pTo is
-** freed. If pFrom contains ephemeral data, a copy is made.
-**
-** pFrom contains an SQL NULL when this routine returns.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemMove(Mem *pTo, Mem *pFrom){
-  assert( pFrom->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pFrom->db->mutex) );
-  assert( pTo->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pTo->db->mutex) );
-  assert( pFrom->db==0 || pTo->db==0 || pFrom->db==pTo->db );
-
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pTo);
-  memcpy(pTo, pFrom, sizeof(Mem));
-  pFrom->flags = MEM_Null;
-  pFrom->xDel = 0;
-  pFrom->zMalloc = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the value of a Mem to be a string or a BLOB.
-**
-** The memory management strategy depends on the value of the xDel
-** parameter. If the value passed is SQLITE_TRANSIENT, then the 
-** string is copied into a (possibly existing) buffer managed by the 
-** Mem structure. Otherwise, any existing buffer is freed and the
-** pointer copied.
-**
-** If the string is too large (if it exceeds the SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH
-** size limit) then no memory allocation occurs.  If the string can be
-** stored without allocating memory, then it is.  If a memory allocation
-** is required to store the string, then value of pMem is unchanged.  In
-** either case, SQLITE_TOOBIG is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(
-  Mem *pMem,          /* Memory cell to set to string value */
-  const char *z,      /* String pointer */
-  int n,              /* Bytes in string, or negative */
-  u8 enc,             /* Encoding of z.  0 for BLOBs */
-  void (*xDel)(void*) /* Destructor function */
-){
-  int nByte = n;      /* New value for pMem->n */
-  int iLimit;         /* Maximum allowed string or blob size */
-  u16 flags = 0;      /* New value for pMem->flags */
-
-  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-
-  /* If z is a NULL pointer, set pMem to contain an SQL NULL. */
-  if( !z ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pMem);
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  if( pMem->db ){
-    iLimit = pMem->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH];
-  }else{
-    iLimit = SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH;
-  }
-  flags = (enc==0?MEM_Blob:MEM_Str);
-  if( nByte<0 ){
-    assert( enc!=0 );
-    if( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-      for(nByte=0; nByte<=iLimit && z[nByte]; nByte++){}
-    }else{
-      for(nByte=0; nByte<=iLimit && (z[nByte] | z[nByte+1]); nByte+=2){}
-    }
-    flags |= MEM_Term;
-  }
-
-  /* The following block sets the new values of Mem.z and Mem.xDel. It
-  ** also sets a flag in local variable "flags" to indicate the memory
-  ** management (one of MEM_Dyn or MEM_Static).
-  */
-  if( xDel==SQLITE_TRANSIENT ){
-    int nAlloc = nByte;
-    if( flags&MEM_Term ){
-      nAlloc += (enc==SQLITE_UTF8?1:2);
-    }
-    if( nByte>iLimit ){
-      return SQLITE_TOOBIG;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, nAlloc, 0) ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    memcpy(pMem->z, z, nAlloc);
-  }else if( xDel==SQLITE_DYNAMIC ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-    pMem->zMalloc = pMem->z = (char *)z;
-    pMem->xDel = 0;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-    pMem->z = (char *)z;
-    pMem->xDel = xDel;
-    flags |= ((xDel==SQLITE_STATIC)?MEM_Static:MEM_Dyn);
-  }
-
-  pMem->n = nByte;
-  pMem->flags = flags;
-  pMem->enc = (enc==0 ? SQLITE_UTF8 : enc);
-  pMem->type = (enc==0 ? SQLITE_BLOB : SQLITE_TEXT);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  if( pMem->enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 && sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(pMem) ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if( nByte>iLimit ){
-    return SQLITE_TOOBIG;
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Compare the values contained by the two memory cells, returning
-** negative, zero or positive if pMem1 is less than, equal to, or greater
-** than pMem2. Sorting order is NULL's first, followed by numbers (integers
-** and reals) sorted numerically, followed by text ordered by the collating
-** sequence pColl and finally blob's ordered by memcmp().
-**
-** Two NULL values are considered equal by this function.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem *pMem1, const Mem *pMem2, const CollSeq *pColl){
-  int rc;
-  int f1, f2;
-  int combined_flags;
-
-  f1 = pMem1->flags;
-  f2 = pMem2->flags;
-  combined_flags = f1|f2;
-  assert( (combined_flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
- 
-  /* If one value is NULL, it is less than the other. If both values
-  ** are NULL, return 0.
-  */
-  if( combined_flags&MEM_Null ){
-    return (f2&MEM_Null) - (f1&MEM_Null);
-  }
-
-  /* If one value is a number and the other is not, the number is less.
-  ** If both are numbers, compare as reals if one is a real, or as integers
-  ** if both values are integers.
-  */
-  if( combined_flags&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ){
-    if( !(f1&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real)) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    if( !(f2&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real)) ){
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if( (f1 & f2 & MEM_Int)==0 ){
-      double r1, r2;
-      if( (f1&MEM_Real)==0 ){
-        r1 = (double)pMem1->u.i;
-      }else{
-        r1 = pMem1->r;
-      }
-      if( (f2&MEM_Real)==0 ){
-        r2 = (double)pMem2->u.i;
-      }else{
-        r2 = pMem2->r;
-      }
-      if( r1<r2 ) return -1;
-      if( r1>r2 ) return 1;
-      return 0;
-    }else{
-      assert( f1&MEM_Int );
-      assert( f2&MEM_Int );
-      if( pMem1->u.i < pMem2->u.i ) return -1;
-      if( pMem1->u.i > pMem2->u.i ) return 1;
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If one value is a string and the other is a blob, the string is less.
-  ** If both are strings, compare using the collating functions.
-  */
-  if( combined_flags&MEM_Str ){
-    if( (f1 & MEM_Str)==0 ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    if( (f2 & MEM_Str)==0 ){
-      return -1;
-    }
-
-    assert( pMem1->enc==pMem2->enc );
-    assert( pMem1->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || 
-            pMem1->enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE || pMem1->enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
-
-    /* The collation sequence must be defined at this point, even if
-    ** the user deletes the collation sequence after the vdbe program is
-    ** compiled (this was not always the case).
-    */
-    assert( !pColl || pColl->xCmp );
-
-    if( pColl ){
-      if( pMem1->enc==pColl->enc ){
-        /* The strings are already in the correct encoding.  Call the
-        ** comparison function directly */
-        return pColl->xCmp(pColl->pUser,pMem1->n,pMem1->z,pMem2->n,pMem2->z);
-      }else{
-        const void *v1, *v2;
-        int n1, n2;
-        Mem c1;
-        Mem c2;
-        memset(&c1, 0, sizeof(c1));
-        memset(&c2, 0, sizeof(c2));
-        sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(&c1, pMem1, MEM_Ephem);
-        sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(&c2, pMem2, MEM_Ephem);
-        v1 = sqlite3ValueText((sqlite3_value*)&c1, pColl->enc);
-        n1 = v1==0 ? 0 : c1.n;
-        v2 = sqlite3ValueText((sqlite3_value*)&c2, pColl->enc);
-        n2 = v2==0 ? 0 : c2.n;
-        rc = pColl->xCmp(pColl->pUser, n1, v1, n2, v2);
-        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&c1);
-        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&c2);
-        return rc;
-      }
-    }
-    /* If a NULL pointer was passed as the collate function, fall through
-    ** to the blob case and use memcmp().  */
-  }
- 
-  /* Both values must be blobs.  Compare using memcmp().  */
-  rc = memcmp(pMem1->z, pMem2->z, (pMem1->n>pMem2->n)?pMem2->n:pMem1->n);
-  if( rc==0 ){
-    rc = pMem1->n - pMem2->n;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Move data out of a btree key or data field and into a Mem structure.
-** The data or key is taken from the entry that pCur is currently pointing
-** to.  offset and amt determine what portion of the data or key to retrieve.
-** key is true to get the key or false to get data.  The result is written
-** into the pMem element.
-**
-** The pMem structure is assumed to be uninitialized.  Any prior content
-** is overwritten without being freed.
-**
-** If this routine fails for any reason (malloc returns NULL or unable
-** to read from the disk) then the pMem is left in an inconsistent state.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(
-  BtCursor *pCur,   /* Cursor pointing at record to retrieve. */
-  int offset,       /* Offset from the start of data to return bytes from. */
-  int amt,          /* Number of bytes to return. */
-  int key,          /* If true, retrieve from the btree key, not data. */
-  Mem *pMem         /* OUT: Return data in this Mem structure. */
-){
-  char *zData;        /* Data from the btree layer */
-  int available = 0;  /* Number of bytes available on the local btree page */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK; /* Return code */
-
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCur) );
-
-  /* Note: the calls to BtreeKeyFetch() and DataFetch() below assert() 
-  ** that both the BtShared and database handle mutexes are held. */
-  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-  if( key ){
-    zData = (char *)sqlite3BtreeKeyFetch(pCur, &available);
-  }else{
-    zData = (char *)sqlite3BtreeDataFetch(pCur, &available);
-  }
-  assert( zData!=0 );
-
-  if( offset+amt<=available && (pMem->flags&MEM_Dyn)==0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-    pMem->z = &zData[offset];
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Blob|MEM_Ephem;
-  }else if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, amt+2, 0)) ){
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Blob|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Term;
-    pMem->enc = 0;
-    pMem->type = SQLITE_BLOB;
-    if( key ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeKey(pCur, offset, amt, pMem->z);
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeData(pCur, offset, amt, pMem->z);
-    }
-    pMem->z[amt] = 0;
-    pMem->z[amt+1] = 0;
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-    }
-  }
-  pMem->n = amt;
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* This function is only available internally, it is not part of the
-** external API. It works in a similar way to sqlite3_value_text(),
-** except the data returned is in the encoding specified by the second
-** parameter, which must be one of SQLITE_UTF16BE, SQLITE_UTF16LE or
-** SQLITE_UTF8.
-**
-** (2006-02-16:)  The enc value can be or-ed with SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED.
-** If that is the case, then the result must be aligned on an even byte
-** boundary.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value* pVal, u8 enc){
-  if( !pVal ) return 0;
-
-  assert( pVal->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pVal->db->mutex) );
-  assert( (enc&3)==(enc&~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED) );
-  assert( (pVal->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
-
-  if( pVal->flags&MEM_Null ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  assert( (MEM_Blob>>3) == MEM_Str );
-  pVal->flags |= (pVal->flags & MEM_Blob)>>3;
-  expandBlob(pVal);
-  if( pVal->flags&MEM_Str ){
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pVal, enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED);
-    if( (enc & SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED)!=0 && 1==(1&SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pVal->z)) ){
-      assert( (pVal->flags & (MEM_Ephem|MEM_Static))!=0 );
-      if( sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(pVal)!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        return 0;
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(pVal);
-  }else{
-    assert( (pVal->flags&MEM_Blob)==0 );
-    sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pVal, enc);
-    assert( 0==(1&SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pVal->z)) );
-  }
-  assert(pVal->enc==(enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED) || pVal->db==0
-              || pVal->db->mallocFailed );
-  if( pVal->enc==(enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED) ){
-    return pVal->z;
-  }else{
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a new sqlite3_value object.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *db){
-  Mem *p = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*p));
-  if( p ){
-    p->flags = MEM_Null;
-    p->type = SQLITE_NULL;
-    p->db = db;
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a new sqlite3_value object, containing the value of pExpr.
-**
-** This only works for very simple expressions that consist of one constant
-** token (i.e. "5", "5.1", "'a string'"). If the expression can
-** be converted directly into a value, then the value is allocated and
-** a pointer written to *ppVal. The caller is responsible for deallocating
-** the value by passing it to sqlite3ValueFree() later on. If the expression
-** cannot be converted to a value, then *ppVal is set to NULL.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* The database connection */
-  Expr *pExpr,              /* The expression to evaluate */
-  u8 enc,                   /* Encoding to use */
-  u8 affinity,              /* Affinity to use */
-  sqlite3_value **ppVal     /* Write the new value here */
-){
-  int op;
-  char *zVal = 0;
-  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
-
-  if( !pExpr ){
-    *ppVal = 0;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  op = pExpr->op;
-  if( op==TK_REGISTER ){
-    op = pExpr->op2;  /* This only happens with SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2 */
-  }
-
-  if( op==TK_STRING || op==TK_FLOAT || op==TK_INTEGER ){
-    pVal = sqlite3ValueNew(db);
-    if( pVal==0 ) goto no_mem;
-    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pVal, (i64)pExpr->u.iValue);
-    }else{
-      zVal = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pExpr->u.zToken);
-      if( zVal==0 ) goto no_mem;
-      sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zVal, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
-      if( op==TK_FLOAT ) pVal->type = SQLITE_FLOAT;
-    }
-    if( (op==TK_INTEGER || op==TK_FLOAT ) && affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
-      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, SQLITE_UTF8);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, SQLITE_UTF8);
-    }
-    if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pVal, enc);
-    }
-  }else if( op==TK_UMINUS ) {
-    if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db,pExpr->pLeft,enc,affinity,&pVal) ){
-      pVal->u.i = -1 * pVal->u.i;
-      /* (double)-1 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
-      pVal->r = (double)-1 * pVal->r;
-    }
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
-  else if( op==TK_BLOB ){
-    int nVal;
-    assert( pExpr->u.zToken[0]=='x' || pExpr->u.zToken[0]=='X' );
-    assert( pExpr->u.zToken[1]=='\'' );
-    pVal = sqlite3ValueNew(db);
-    if( !pVal ) goto no_mem;
-    zVal = &pExpr->u.zToken[2];
-    nVal = sqlite3Strlen30(zVal)-1;
-    assert( zVal[nVal]=='\'' );
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pVal, sqlite3HexToBlob(db, zVal, nVal), nVal/2,
-                         0, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if( pVal ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(pVal);
-  }
-  *ppVal = pVal;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-
-no_mem:
-  db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zVal);
-  sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
-  *ppVal = 0;
-  return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the string value of an sqlite3_value object
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueSetStr(
-  sqlite3_value *v,     /* Value to be set */
-  int n,                /* Length of string z */
-  const void *z,        /* Text of the new string */
-  u8 enc,               /* Encoding to use */
-  void (*xDel)(void*)   /* Destructor for the string */
-){
-  if( v ) sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr((Mem *)v, z, n, enc, xDel);
-}
-
-/*
-** Free an sqlite3_value object
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value *v){
-  if( !v ) return;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease((Mem *)v);
-  sqlite3DbFree(((Mem*)v)->db, v);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of bytes in the sqlite3_value object assuming
-** that it uses the encoding "enc"
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value *pVal, u8 enc){
-  Mem *p = (Mem*)pVal;
-  if( (p->flags & MEM_Blob)!=0 || sqlite3ValueText(pVal, enc) ){
-    if( p->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-      return p->n + p->u.nZero;
-    }else{
-      return p->n;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/************** End of vdbemem.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file vdbeaux.c *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2003 September 6
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code used for creating, destroying, and populating
-** a VDBE (or an "sqlite3_stmt" as it is known to the outside world.)  Prior
-** to version 2.8.7, all this code was combined into the vdbe.c source file.
-** But that file was getting too big so this subroutines were split out.
-*/
-
-
-
-/*
-** When debugging the code generator in a symbolic debugger, one can
-** set the sqlite3VdbeAddopTrace to 1 and all opcodes will be printed
-** as they are added to the instruction stream.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddopTrace = 0;
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Create a new virtual database engine.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3VdbeCreate(sqlite3 *db){
-  Vdbe *p;
-  p = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Vdbe) );
-  if( p==0 ) return 0;
-  p->db = db;
-  if( db->pVdbe ){
-    db->pVdbe->pPrev = p;
-  }
-  p->pNext = db->pVdbe;
-  p->pPrev = 0;
-  db->pVdbe = p;
-  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_INIT;
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Remember the SQL string for a prepared statement.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe *p, const char *z, int n, int isPrepareV2){
-  assert( isPrepareV2==1 || isPrepareV2==0 );
-  if( p==0 ) return;
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-  if( !isPrepareV2 ) return;
-#endif
-  assert( p->zSql==0 );
-  p->zSql = sqlite3DbStrNDup(p->db, z, n);
-  p->isPrepareV2 = (u8)isPrepareV2;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the SQL associated with a prepared statement
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
-  return (p && p->isPrepareV2) ? p->zSql : 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Swap all content between two VDBE structures.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe *pA, Vdbe *pB){
-  Vdbe tmp, *pTmp;
-  char *zTmp;
-  tmp = *pA;
-  *pA = *pB;
-  *pB = tmp;
-  pTmp = pA->pNext;
-  pA->pNext = pB->pNext;
-  pB->pNext = pTmp;
-  pTmp = pA->pPrev;
-  pA->pPrev = pB->pPrev;
-  pB->pPrev = pTmp;
-  zTmp = pA->zSql;
-  pA->zSql = pB->zSql;
-  pB->zSql = zTmp;
-  pB->isPrepareV2 = pA->isPrepareV2;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-** Turn tracing on or off
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeTrace(Vdbe *p, FILE *trace){
-  p->trace = trace;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Resize the Vdbe.aOp array so that it is at least one op larger than 
-** it was.
-**
-** If an out-of-memory error occurs while resizing the array, return
-** SQLITE_NOMEM. In this case Vdbe.aOp and Vdbe.nOpAlloc remain 
-** unchanged (this is so that any opcodes already allocated can be 
-** correctly deallocated along with the rest of the Vdbe).
-*/
-static int growOpArray(Vdbe *p){
-  VdbeOp *pNew;
-  int nNew = (p->nOpAlloc ? p->nOpAlloc*2 : (int)(1024/sizeof(Op)));
-  pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(p->db, p->aOp, nNew*sizeof(Op));
-  if( pNew ){
-    p->nOpAlloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(p->db, pNew)/sizeof(Op);
-    p->aOp = pNew;
-  }
-  return (pNew ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_NOMEM);
-}
-
-/*
-** Add a new instruction to the list of instructions current in the
-** VDBE.  Return the address of the new instruction.
-**
-** Parameters:
-**
-**    p               Pointer to the VDBE
-**
-**    op              The opcode for this instruction
-**
-**    p1, p2, p3      Operands
-**
-** Use the sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel() function to fix an address and
-** the sqlite3VdbeChangeP4() function to change the value of the P4
-** operand.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(Vdbe *p, int op, int p1, int p2, int p3){
-  int i;
-  VdbeOp *pOp;
-
-  i = p->nOp;
-  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
-  assert( op>0 && op<0xff );
-  if( p->nOpAlloc<=i ){
-    if( growOpArray(p) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  p->nOp++;
-  pOp = &p->aOp[i];
-  pOp->opcode = (u8)op;
-  pOp->p5 = 0;
-  pOp->p1 = p1;
-  pOp->p2 = p2;
-  pOp->p3 = p3;
-  pOp->p4.p = 0;
-  pOp->p4type = P4_NOTUSED;
-  p->expired = 0;
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  pOp->zComment = 0;
-  if( sqlite3VdbeAddopTrace ) sqlite3VdbePrintOp(0, i, &p->aOp[i]);
-#endif
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-  pOp->cycles = 0;
-  pOp->cnt = 0;
-#endif
-  return i;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(Vdbe *p, int op){
-  return sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(p, op, 0, 0, 0);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(Vdbe *p, int op, int p1){
-  return sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(p, op, p1, 0, 0);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(Vdbe *p, int op, int p1, int p2){
-  return sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(p, op, p1, p2, 0);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Add an opcode that includes the p4 value as a pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(
-  Vdbe *p,            /* Add the opcode to this VM */
-  int op,             /* The new opcode */
-  int p1,             /* The P1 operand */
-  int p2,             /* The P2 operand */
-  int p3,             /* The P3 operand */
-  const char *zP4,    /* The P4 operand */
-  int p4type          /* P4 operand type */
-){
-  int addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(p, op, p1, p2, p3);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(p, addr, zP4, p4type);
-  return addr;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add an opcode that includes the p4 value as an integer.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(
-  Vdbe *p,            /* Add the opcode to this VM */
-  int op,             /* The new opcode */
-  int p1,             /* The P1 operand */
-  int p2,             /* The P2 operand */
-  int p3,             /* The P3 operand */
-  int p4              /* The P4 operand as an integer */
-){
-  int addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(p, op, p1, p2, p3);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(p, addr, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(p4), P4_INT32);
-  return addr;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a new symbolic label for an instruction that has yet to be
-** coded.  The symbolic label is really just a negative number.  The
-** label can be used as the P2 value of an operation.  Later, when
-** the label is resolved to a specific address, the VDBE will scan
-** through its operation list and change all values of P2 which match
-** the label into the resolved address.
-**
-** The VDBE knows that a P2 value is a label because labels are
-** always negative and P2 values are suppose to be non-negative.
-** Hence, a negative P2 value is a label that has yet to be resolved.
-**
-** Zero is returned if a malloc() fails.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(Vdbe *p){
-  int i;
-  i = p->nLabel++;
-  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
-  if( i>=p->nLabelAlloc ){
-    int n = p->nLabelAlloc*2 + 5;
-    p->aLabel = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(p->db, p->aLabel,
-                                       n*sizeof(p->aLabel[0]));
-    p->nLabelAlloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(p->db, p->aLabel)/sizeof(p->aLabel[0]);
-  }
-  if( p->aLabel ){
-    p->aLabel[i] = -1;
-  }
-  return -1-i;
-}
-
-/*
-** Resolve label "x" to be the address of the next instruction to
-** be inserted.  The parameter "x" must have been obtained from
-** a prior call to sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(Vdbe *p, int x){
-  int j = -1-x;
-  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
-  assert( j>=0 && j<p->nLabel );
-  if( p->aLabel ){
-    p->aLabel[j] = p->nOp;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Mark the VDBE as one that can only be run one time.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRunOnlyOnce(Vdbe *p){
-  p->runOnlyOnce = 1;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG /* sqlite3AssertMayAbort() logic */
-
-/*
-** The following type and function are used to iterate through all opcodes
-** in a Vdbe main program and each of the sub-programs (triggers) it may 
-** invoke directly or indirectly. It should be used as follows:
-**
-**   Op *pOp;
-**   VdbeOpIter sIter;
-**
-**   memset(&sIter, 0, sizeof(sIter));
-**   sIter.v = v;                            // v is of type Vdbe* 
-**   while( (pOp = opIterNext(&sIter)) ){
-**     // Do something with pOp
-**   }
-**   sqlite3DbFree(v->db, sIter.apSub);
-** 
-*/
-typedef struct VdbeOpIter VdbeOpIter;
-struct VdbeOpIter {
-  Vdbe *v;                   /* Vdbe to iterate through the opcodes of */
-  SubProgram **apSub;        /* Array of subprograms */
-  int nSub;                  /* Number of entries in apSub */
-  int iAddr;                 /* Address of next instruction to return */
-  int iSub;                  /* 0 = main program, 1 = first sub-program etc. */
-};
-static Op *opIterNext(VdbeOpIter *p){
-  Vdbe *v = p->v;
-  Op *pRet = 0;
-  Op *aOp;
-  int nOp;
-
-  if( p->iSub<=p->nSub ){
-
-    if( p->iSub==0 ){
-      aOp = v->aOp;
-      nOp = v->nOp;
-    }else{
-      aOp = p->apSub[p->iSub-1]->aOp;
-      nOp = p->apSub[p->iSub-1]->nOp;
-    }
-    assert( p->iAddr<nOp );
-
-    pRet = &aOp[p->iAddr];
-    p->iAddr++;
-    if( p->iAddr==nOp ){
-      p->iSub++;
-      p->iAddr = 0;
-    }
-  
-    if( pRet->p4type==P4_SUBPROGRAM ){
-      int nByte = (p->nSub+1)*sizeof(SubProgram*);
-      int j;
-      for(j=0; j<p->nSub; j++){
-        if( p->apSub[j]==pRet->p4.pProgram ) break;
-      }
-      if( j==p->nSub ){
-        p->apSub = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(v->db, p->apSub, nByte);
-        if( !p->apSub ){
-          pRet = 0;
-        }else{
-          p->apSub[p->nSub++] = pRet->p4.pProgram;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return pRet;
-}
-
-/*
-** Check if the program stored in the VM associated with pParse may
-** throw an ABORT exception (causing the statement, but not entire transaction
-** to be rolled back). This condition is true if the main program or any
-** sub-programs contains any of the following:
-**
-**   *  OP_Halt with P1=SQLITE_CONSTRAINT and P2=OE_Abort.
-**   *  OP_HaltIfNull with P1=SQLITE_CONSTRAINT and P2=OE_Abort.
-**   *  OP_Destroy
-**   *  OP_VUpdate
-**   *  OP_VRename
-**   *  OP_FkCounter with P2==0 (immediate foreign key constraint)
-**
-** Then check that the value of Parse.mayAbort is true if an
-** ABORT may be thrown, or false otherwise. Return true if it does
-** match, or false otherwise. This function is intended to be used as
-** part of an assert statement in the compiler. Similar to:
-**
-**   assert( sqlite3VdbeAssertMayAbort(pParse->pVdbe, pParse->mayAbort) );
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAssertMayAbort(Vdbe *v, int mayAbort){
-  int hasAbort = 0;
-  Op *pOp;
-  VdbeOpIter sIter;
-  memset(&sIter, 0, sizeof(sIter));
-  sIter.v = v;
-
-  while( (pOp = opIterNext(&sIter))!=0 ){
-    int opcode = pOp->opcode;
-    if( opcode==OP_Destroy || opcode==OP_VUpdate || opcode==OP_VRename 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-     || (opcode==OP_FkCounter && pOp->p1==0 && pOp->p2==1) 
-#endif
-     || ((opcode==OP_Halt || opcode==OP_HaltIfNull) 
-      && (pOp->p1==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT && pOp->p2==OE_Abort))
-    ){
-      hasAbort = 1;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3DbFree(v->db, sIter.apSub);
-
-  /* Return true if hasAbort==mayAbort. Or if a malloc failure occured.
-  ** If malloc failed, then the while() loop above may not have iterated
-  ** through all opcodes and hasAbort may be set incorrectly. Return
-  ** true for this case to prevent the assert() in the callers frame
-  ** from failing.  */
-  return ( v->db->mallocFailed || hasAbort==mayAbort );
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG - the sqlite3AssertMayAbort() function */
-
-/*
-** Loop through the program looking for P2 values that are negative
-** on jump instructions.  Each such value is a label.  Resolve the
-** label by setting the P2 value to its correct non-zero value.
-**
-** This routine is called once after all opcodes have been inserted.
-**
-** Variable *pMaxFuncArgs is set to the maximum value of any P2 argument 
-** to an OP_Function, OP_AggStep or OP_VFilter opcode. This is used by 
-** sqlite3VdbeMakeReady() to size the Vdbe.apArg[] array.
-**
-** The Op.opflags field is set on all opcodes.
-*/
-static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
-  int i;
-  int nMaxArgs = *pMaxFuncArgs;
-  Op *pOp;
-  int *aLabel = p->aLabel;
-  p->readOnly = 1;
-  for(pOp=p->aOp, i=p->nOp-1; i>=0; i--, pOp++){
-    u8 opcode = pOp->opcode;
-
-    pOp->opflags = sqlite3OpcodeProperty[opcode];
-    if( opcode==OP_Function || opcode==OP_AggStep ){
-      if( pOp->p5>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = pOp->p5;
-    }else if( opcode==OP_Transaction && pOp->p2!=0 ){
-      p->readOnly = 0;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-    }else if( opcode==OP_VUpdate ){
-      if( pOp->p2>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = pOp->p2;
-    }else if( opcode==OP_VFilter ){
-      int n;
-      assert( p->nOp - i >= 3 );
-      assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Integer );
-      n = pOp[-1].p1;
-      if( n>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = n;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_JUMP)!=0 && pOp->p2<0 ){
-      assert( -1-pOp->p2<p->nLabel );
-      pOp->p2 = aLabel[-1-pOp->p2];
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->aLabel);
-  p->aLabel = 0;
-
-  *pMaxFuncArgs = nMaxArgs;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the address of the next instruction to be inserted.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(Vdbe *p){
-  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
-  return p->nOp;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function returns a pointer to the array of opcodes associated with
-** the Vdbe passed as the first argument. It is the callers responsibility
-** to arrange for the returned array to be eventually freed using the 
-** vdbeFreeOpArray() function.
-**
-** Before returning, *pnOp is set to the number of entries in the returned
-** array. Also, *pnMaxArg is set to the larger of its current value and 
-** the number of entries in the Vdbe.apArg[] array required to execute the 
-** returned program.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(Vdbe *p, int *pnOp, int *pnMaxArg){
-  VdbeOp *aOp = p->aOp;
-  assert( aOp && !p->db->mallocFailed );
-
-  /* Check that sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree() was not called on this VM */
-  assert( p->aMutex.nMutex==0 );
-
-  resolveP2Values(p, pnMaxArg);
-  *pnOp = p->nOp;
-  p->aOp = 0;
-  return aOp;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add a whole list of operations to the operation stack.  Return the
-** address of the first operation added.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(Vdbe *p, int nOp, VdbeOpList const *aOp){
-  int addr;
-  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
-  if( p->nOp + nOp > p->nOpAlloc && growOpArray(p) ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  addr = p->nOp;
-  if( ALWAYS(nOp>0) ){
-    int i;
-    VdbeOpList const *pIn = aOp;
-    for(i=0; i<nOp; i++, pIn++){
-      int p2 = pIn->p2;
-      VdbeOp *pOut = &p->aOp[i+addr];
-      pOut->opcode = pIn->opcode;
-      pOut->p1 = pIn->p1;
-      if( p2<0 && (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOut->opcode] & OPFLG_JUMP)!=0 ){
-        pOut->p2 = addr + ADDR(p2);
-      }else{
-        pOut->p2 = p2;
-      }
-      pOut->p3 = pIn->p3;
-      pOut->p4type = P4_NOTUSED;
-      pOut->p4.p = 0;
-      pOut->p5 = 0;
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-      pOut->zComment = 0;
-      if( sqlite3VdbeAddopTrace ){
-        sqlite3VdbePrintOp(0, i+addr, &p->aOp[i+addr]);
-      }
-#endif
-    }
-    p->nOp += nOp;
-  }
-  return addr;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the value of the P1 operand for a specific instruction.
-** This routine is useful when a large program is loaded from a
-** static array using sqlite3VdbeAddOpList but we want to make a
-** few minor changes to the program.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(Vdbe *p, int addr, int val){
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  assert( addr>=0 );
-  if( p->nOp>addr ){
-    p->aOp[addr].p1 = val;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the value of the P2 operand for a specific instruction.
-** This routine is useful for setting a jump destination.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(Vdbe *p, int addr, int val){
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  assert( addr>=0 );
-  if( p->nOp>addr ){
-    p->aOp[addr].p2 = val;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the value of the P3 operand for a specific instruction.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(Vdbe *p, int addr, int val){
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  assert( addr>=0 );
-  if( p->nOp>addr ){
-    p->aOp[addr].p3 = val;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the value of the P5 operand for the most recently
-** added operation.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(Vdbe *p, u8 val){
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  if( p->aOp ){
-    assert( p->nOp>0 );
-    p->aOp[p->nOp-1].p5 = val;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the P2 operand of instruction addr so that it points to
-** the address of the next instruction to be coded.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(Vdbe *p, int addr){
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(p, addr, p->nOp);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** If the input FuncDef structure is ephemeral, then free it.  If
-** the FuncDef is not ephermal, then do nothing.
-*/
-static void freeEphemeralFunction(sqlite3 *db, FuncDef *pDef){
-  if( ALWAYS(pDef) && (pDef->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM)!=0 ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pDef);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete a P4 value if necessary.
-*/
-static void freeP4(sqlite3 *db, int p4type, void *p4){
-  if( p4 ){
-    switch( p4type ){
-      case P4_REAL:
-      case P4_INT64:
-      case P4_MPRINTF:
-      case P4_DYNAMIC:
-      case P4_KEYINFO:
-      case P4_INTARRAY:
-      case P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF: {
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, p4);
-        break;
-      }
-      case P4_VDBEFUNC: {
-        VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc = (VdbeFunc *)p4;
-        freeEphemeralFunction(db, pVdbeFunc->pFunc);
-        sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(pVdbeFunc, 0);
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, pVdbeFunc);
-        break;
-      }
-      case P4_FUNCDEF: {
-        freeEphemeralFunction(db, (FuncDef*)p4);
-        break;
-      }
-      case P4_MEM: {
-        sqlite3ValueFree((sqlite3_value*)p4);
-        break;
-      }
-      case P4_VTAB : {
-        sqlite3VtabUnlock((VTable *)p4);
-        break;
-      }
-      case P4_SUBPROGRAM : {
-        sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(db, (SubProgram *)p4, 1);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Free the space allocated for aOp and any p4 values allocated for the
-** opcodes contained within. If aOp is not NULL it is assumed to contain 
-** nOp entries. 
-*/
-static void vdbeFreeOpArray(sqlite3 *db, Op *aOp, int nOp){
-  if( aOp ){
-    Op *pOp;
-    for(pOp=aOp; pOp<&aOp[nOp]; pOp++){
-      freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pOp->zComment);
-#endif     
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, aOp);
-}
-
-/*
-** Decrement the ref-count on the SubProgram structure passed as the
-** second argument. If the ref-count reaches zero, free the structure.
-**
-** The array of VDBE opcodes stored as SubProgram.aOp is freed if
-** either the ref-count reaches zero or parameter freeop is non-zero.
-**
-** Since the array of opcodes pointed to by SubProgram.aOp may directly
-** or indirectly contain a reference to the SubProgram structure itself.
-** By passing a non-zero freeop parameter, the caller may ensure that all
-** SubProgram structures and their aOp arrays are freed, even when there
-** are such circular references.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(sqlite3 *db, SubProgram *p, int freeop){
-  if( p ){
-    assert( p->nRef>0 );
-    if( freeop || p->nRef==1 ){
-      Op *aOp = p->aOp;
-      p->aOp = 0;
-      vdbeFreeOpArray(db, aOp, p->nOp);
-      p->nOp = 0;
-    }
-    p->nRef--;
-    if( p->nRef==0 ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Change N opcodes starting at addr to No-ops.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(Vdbe *p, int addr, int N){
-  if( p->aOp ){
-    VdbeOp *pOp = &p->aOp[addr];
-    sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-    while( N-- ){
-      freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
-      memset(pOp, 0, sizeof(pOp[0]));
-      pOp->opcode = OP_Noop;
-      pOp++;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the value of the P4 operand for a specific instruction.
-** This routine is useful when a large program is loaded from a
-** static array using sqlite3VdbeAddOpList but we want to make a
-** few minor changes to the program.
-**
-** If n>=0 then the P4 operand is dynamic, meaning that a copy of
-** the string is made into memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
-** A value of n==0 means copy bytes of zP4 up to and including the
-** first null byte.  If n>0 then copy n+1 bytes of zP4.
-**
-** If n==P4_KEYINFO it means that zP4 is a pointer to a KeyInfo structure.
-** A copy is made of the KeyInfo structure into memory obtained from
-** sqlite3_malloc, to be freed when the Vdbe is finalized.
-** n==P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF indicates that zP4 points to a KeyInfo structure
-** stored in memory that the caller has obtained from sqlite3_malloc. The 
-** caller should not free the allocation, it will be freed when the Vdbe is
-** finalized.
-** 
-** Other values of n (P4_STATIC, P4_COLLSEQ etc.) indicate that zP4 points
-** to a string or structure that is guaranteed to exist for the lifetime of
-** the Vdbe. In these cases we can just copy the pointer.
-**
-** If addr<0 then change P4 on the most recently inserted instruction.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(Vdbe *p, int addr, const char *zP4, int n){
-  Op *pOp;
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  db = p->db;
-  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
-  if( p->aOp==0 || db->mallocFailed ){
-    if ( n!=P4_KEYINFO && n!=P4_VTAB ) {
-      freeP4(db, n, (void*)*(char**)&zP4);
-    }
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( p->nOp>0 );
-  assert( addr<p->nOp );
-  if( addr<0 ){
-    addr = p->nOp - 1;
-  }
-  pOp = &p->aOp[addr];
-  freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
-  pOp->p4.p = 0;
-  if( n==P4_INT32 ){
-    /* Note: this cast is safe, because the origin data point was an int
-    ** that was cast to a (const char *). */
-    pOp->p4.i = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(zP4);
-    pOp->p4type = P4_INT32;
-  }else if( zP4==0 ){
-    pOp->p4.p = 0;
-    pOp->p4type = P4_NOTUSED;
-  }else if( n==P4_KEYINFO ){
-    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-    int nField, nByte;
-
-    nField = ((KeyInfo*)zP4)->nField;
-    nByte = sizeof(*pKeyInfo) + (nField-1)*sizeof(pKeyInfo->aColl[0]) + nField;
-    pKeyInfo = sqlite3Malloc( nByte );
-    pOp->p4.pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
-    if( pKeyInfo ){
-      u8 *aSortOrder;
-      memcpy(pKeyInfo, zP4, nByte);
-      aSortOrder = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder;
-      if( aSortOrder ){
-        pKeyInfo->aSortOrder = (unsigned char*)&pKeyInfo->aColl[nField];
-        memcpy(pKeyInfo->aSortOrder, aSortOrder, nField);
-      }
-      pOp->p4type = P4_KEYINFO;
-    }else{
-      p->db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      pOp->p4type = P4_NOTUSED;
-    }
-  }else if( n==P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF ){
-    pOp->p4.p = (void*)zP4;
-    pOp->p4type = P4_KEYINFO;
-  }else if( n==P4_VTAB ){
-    pOp->p4.p = (void*)zP4;
-    pOp->p4type = P4_VTAB;
-    sqlite3VtabLock((VTable *)zP4);
-    assert( ((VTable *)zP4)->db==p->db );
-  }else if( n<0 ){
-    pOp->p4.p = (void*)zP4;
-    pOp->p4type = (signed char)n;
-  }else{
-    if( n==0 ) n = sqlite3Strlen30(zP4);
-    pOp->p4.z = sqlite3DbStrNDup(p->db, zP4, n);
-    pOp->p4type = P4_DYNAMIC;
-  }
-}
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/*
-** Change the comment on the the most recently coded instruction.  Or
-** insert a No-op and add the comment to that new instruction.  This
-** makes the code easier to read during debugging.  None of this happens
-** in a production build.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeComment(Vdbe *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  if( !p ) return;
-  assert( p->nOp>0 || p->aOp==0 );
-  assert( p->aOp==0 || p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment==0 || p->db->mallocFailed );
-  if( p->nOp ){
-    char **pz = &p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment;
-    va_start(ap, zFormat);
-    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, *pz);
-    *pz = sqlite3VMPrintf(p->db, zFormat, ap);
-    va_end(ap);
-  }
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeNoopComment(Vdbe *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  if( !p ) return;
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(p, OP_Noop);
-  assert( p->nOp>0 || p->aOp==0 );
-  assert( p->aOp==0 || p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment==0 || p->db->mallocFailed );
-  if( p->nOp ){
-    char **pz = &p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment;
-    va_start(ap, zFormat);
-    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, *pz);
-    *pz = sqlite3VMPrintf(p->db, zFormat, ap);
-    va_end(ap);
-  }
-}
-#endif  /* NDEBUG */
-
-/*
-** Return the opcode for a given address.  If the address is -1, then
-** return the most recently inserted opcode.
-**
-** If a memory allocation error has occurred prior to the calling of this
-** routine, then a pointer to a dummy VdbeOp will be returned.  That opcode
-** is readable and writable, but it has no effect.  The return of a dummy
-** opcode allows the call to continue functioning after a OOM fault without
-** having to check to see if the return from this routine is a valid pointer.
-**
-** About the #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE:  Normally, this routine is never called
-** unless p->nOp>0.  This is because in the absense of SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE,
-** an OP_Trace instruction is always inserted by sqlite3VdbeGet() as soon as
-** a new VDBE is created.  So we are free to set addr to p->nOp-1 without
-** having to double-check to make sure that the result is non-negative. But
-** if SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE is defined, the OP_Trace is omitted and we do need to
-** check the value of p->nOp-1 before continuing.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeGetOp(Vdbe *p, int addr){
-  static VdbeOp dummy;
-  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
-  if( addr<0 ){
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-    if( p->nOp==0 ) return &dummy;
-#endif
-    addr = p->nOp - 1;
-  }
-  assert( (addr>=0 && addr<p->nOp) || p->db->mallocFailed );
-  if( p->db->mallocFailed ){
-    return &dummy;
-  }else{
-    return &p->aOp[addr];
-  }
-}
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN) || !defined(NDEBUG) \
-     || defined(VDBE_PROFILE) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-/*
-** Compute a string that describes the P4 parameter for an opcode.
-** Use zTemp for any required temporary buffer space.
-*/
-static char *displayP4(Op *pOp, char *zTemp, int nTemp){
-  char *zP4 = zTemp;
-  assert( nTemp>=20 );
-  switch( pOp->p4type ){
-    case P4_KEYINFO_STATIC:
-    case P4_KEYINFO: {
-      int i, j;
-      KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "keyinfo(%d", pKeyInfo->nField);
-      i = sqlite3Strlen30(zTemp);
-      for(j=0; j<pKeyInfo->nField; j++){
-        CollSeq *pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[j];
-        if( pColl ){
-          int n = sqlite3Strlen30(pColl->zName);
-          if( i+n>nTemp-6 ){
-            memcpy(&zTemp[i],",...",4);
-            break;
-          }
-          zTemp[i++] = ',';
-          if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder && pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[j] ){
-            zTemp[i++] = '-';
-          }
-          memcpy(&zTemp[i], pColl->zName,n+1);
-          i += n;
-        }else if( i+4<nTemp-6 ){
-          memcpy(&zTemp[i],",nil",4);
-          i += 4;
-        }
-      }
-      zTemp[i++] = ')';
-      zTemp[i] = 0;
-      assert( i<nTemp );
-      break;
-    }
-    case P4_COLLSEQ: {
-      CollSeq *pColl = pOp->p4.pColl;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "collseq(%.20s)", pColl->zName);
-      break;
-    }
-    case P4_FUNCDEF: {
-      FuncDef *pDef = pOp->p4.pFunc;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%s(%d)", pDef->zName, pDef->nArg);
-      break;
-    }
-    case P4_INT64: {
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%lld", *pOp->p4.pI64);
-      break;
-    }
-    case P4_INT32: {
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%d", pOp->p4.i);
-      break;
-    }
-    case P4_REAL: {
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%.16g", *pOp->p4.pReal);
-      break;
-    }
-    case P4_MEM: {
-      Mem *pMem = pOp->p4.pMem;
-      assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Null)==0 );
-      if( pMem->flags & MEM_Str ){
-        zP4 = pMem->z;
-      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
-        sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%lld", pMem->u.i);
-      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Real ){
-        sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%.16g", pMem->r);
-      }else{
-        assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Blob );
-        zP4 = "(blob)";
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-    case P4_VTAB: {
-      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "vtab:%p:%p", pVtab, pVtab->pModule);
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-    case P4_INTARRAY: {
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "intarray");
-      break;
-    }
-    case P4_SUBPROGRAM: {
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "program");
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      zP4 = pOp->p4.z;
-      if( zP4==0 ){
-        zP4 = zTemp;
-        zTemp[0] = 0;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  assert( zP4!=0 );
-  return zP4;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Declare to the Vdbe that the BTree object at db->aDb[i] is used.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(Vdbe *p, int i){
-  int mask;
-  assert( i>=0 && i<p->db->nDb && i<sizeof(u32)*8 );
-  assert( i<(int)sizeof(p->btreeMask)*8 );
-  mask = ((u32)1)<<i;
-  if( (p->btreeMask & mask)==0 ){
-    p->btreeMask |= mask;
-    sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayInsert(&p->aMutex, p->db->aDb[i].pBt);
-  }
-}
-
-
-#if defined(VDBE_PROFILE) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-/*
-** Print a single opcode.  This routine is used for debugging only.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbePrintOp(FILE *pOut, int pc, Op *pOp){
-  char *zP4;
-  char zPtr[50];
-  static const char *zFormat1 = "%4d %-13s %4d %4d %4d %-4s %.2X %s\n";
-  if( pOut==0 ) pOut = stdout;
-  zP4 = displayP4(pOp, zPtr, sizeof(zPtr));
-  fprintf(pOut, zFormat1, pc, 
-      sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode), pOp->p1, pOp->p2, pOp->p3, zP4, pOp->p5,
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-      pOp->zComment ? pOp->zComment : ""
-#else
-      ""
-#endif
-  );
-  fflush(pOut);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Release an array of N Mem elements
-*/
-static void releaseMemArray(Mem *p, int N){
-  if( p && N ){
-    Mem *pEnd;
-    sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-    u8 malloc_failed = db->mallocFailed;
-    for(pEnd=&p[N]; p<pEnd; p++){
-      assert( (&p[1])==pEnd || p[0].db==p[1].db );
-
-      /* This block is really an inlined version of sqlite3VdbeMemRelease()
-      ** that takes advantage of the fact that the memory cell value is 
-      ** being set to NULL after releasing any dynamic resources.
-      **
-      ** The justification for duplicating code is that according to 
-      ** callgrind, this causes a certain test case to hit the CPU 4.7 
-      ** percent less (x86 linux, gcc version 4.1.2, -O6) than if 
-      ** sqlite3MemRelease() were called from here. With -O2, this jumps
-      ** to 6.6 percent. The test case is inserting 1000 rows into a table 
-      ** with no indexes using a single prepared INSERT statement, bind() 
-      ** and reset(). Inserts are grouped into a transaction.
-      */
-      if( p->flags&(MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Frame|MEM_RowSet) ){
-        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(p);
-      }else if( p->zMalloc ){
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zMalloc);
-        p->zMalloc = 0;
-      }
-
-      p->flags = MEM_Null;
-    }
-    db->mallocFailed = malloc_failed;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete a VdbeFrame object and its contents. VdbeFrame objects are
-** allocated by the OP_Program opcode in sqlite3VdbeExec().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame *p){
-  int i;
-  Mem *aMem = VdbeFrameMem(p);
-  VdbeCursor **apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nChildMem];
-  for(i=0; i<p->nChildCsr; i++){
-    sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p->v, apCsr[i]);
-  }
-  releaseMemArray(aMem, p->nChildMem);
-  sqlite3DbFree(p->v->db, p);
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
-/*
-** Give a listing of the program in the virtual machine.
-**
-** The interface is the same as sqlite3VdbeExec().  But instead of
-** running the code, it invokes the callback once for each instruction.
-** This feature is used to implement "EXPLAIN".
-**
-** When p->explain==1, each instruction is listed.  When
-** p->explain==2, only OP_Explain instructions are listed and these
-** are shown in a different format.  p->explain==2 is used to implement
-** EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
-**
-** When p->explain==1, first the main program is listed, then each of
-** the trigger subprograms are listed one by one.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeList(
-  Vdbe *p                   /* The VDBE */
-){
-  int nRow;                            /* Stop when row count reaches this */
-  int nSub = 0;                        /* Number of sub-vdbes seen so far */
-  SubProgram **apSub = 0;              /* Array of sub-vdbes */
-  Mem *pSub = 0;                       /* Memory cell hold array of subprogs */
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;                 /* The database connection */
-  int i;                               /* Loop counter */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                  /* Return code */
-  Mem *pMem = p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[1];  /* First Mem of result set */
-
-  assert( p->explain );
-  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );
-  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY || p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
-
-  /* Even though this opcode does not use dynamic strings for
-  ** the result, result columns may become dynamic if the user calls
-  ** sqlite3_column_text16(), causing a translation to UTF-16 encoding.
-  */
-  releaseMemArray(pMem, 8);
-
-  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
-    ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
-    db->mallocFailed = 1;
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  /* When the number of output rows reaches nRow, that means the
-  ** listing has finished and sqlite3_step() should return SQLITE_DONE.
-  ** nRow is the sum of the number of rows in the main program, plus
-  ** the sum of the number of rows in all trigger subprograms encountered
-  ** so far.  The nRow value will increase as new trigger subprograms are
-  ** encountered, but p->pc will eventually catch up to nRow.
-  */
-  nRow = p->nOp;
-  if( p->explain==1 ){
-    /* The first 8 memory cells are used for the result set.  So we will
-    ** commandeer the 9th cell to use as storage for an array of pointers
-    ** to trigger subprograms.  The VDBE is guaranteed to have at least 9
-    ** cells.  */
-    assert( p->nMem>9 );
-    pSub = &p->aMem[9];
-    if( pSub->flags&MEM_Blob ){
-      /* On the first call to sqlite3_step(), pSub will hold a NULL.  It is
-      ** initialized to a BLOB by the P4_SUBPROGRAM processing logic below */
-      nSub = pSub->n/sizeof(Vdbe*);
-      apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<nSub; i++){
-      nRow += apSub[i]->nOp;
-    }
-  }
-
-  do{
-    i = p->pc++;
-  }while( i<nRow && p->explain==2 && p->aOp[i].opcode!=OP_Explain );
-  if( i>=nRow ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-  }else if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc));
-  }else{
-    char *z;
-    Op *pOp;
-    if( i<p->nOp ){
-      /* The output line number is small enough that we are still in the
-      ** main program. */
-      pOp = &p->aOp[i];
-    }else{
-      /* We are currently listing subprograms.  Figure out which one and
-      ** pick up the appropriate opcode. */
-      int j;
-      i -= p->nOp;
-      for(j=0; i>=apSub[j]->nOp; j++){
-        i -= apSub[j]->nOp;
-      }
-      pOp = &apSub[j]->aOp[i];
-    }
-    if( p->explain==1 ){
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
-      pMem->u.i = i;                                /* Program counter */
-      pMem++;
-  
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Static|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-      pMem->z = (char*)sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode);  /* Opcode */
-      assert( pMem->z!=0 );
-      pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
-      pMem->type = SQLITE_TEXT;
-      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-      pMem++;
-
-      /* When an OP_Program opcode is encounter (the only opcode that has
-      ** a P4_SUBPROGRAM argument), expand the size of the array of subprograms
-      ** kept in p->aMem[9].z to hold the new program - assuming this subprogram
-      ** has not already been seen.
-      */
-      if( pOp->p4type==P4_SUBPROGRAM ){
-        int nByte = (nSub+1)*sizeof(SubProgram*);
-        int j;
-        for(j=0; j<nSub; j++){
-          if( apSub[j]==pOp->p4.pProgram ) break;
-        }
-        if( j==nSub && SQLITE_OK==sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pSub, nByte, 1) ){
-          apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
-          apSub[nSub++] = pOp->p4.pProgram;
-          pSub->flags |= MEM_Blob;
-          pSub->n = nSub*sizeof(SubProgram*);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pMem->u.i = pOp->p1;                          /* P1 */
-    pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
-    pMem++;
-
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pMem->u.i = pOp->p2;                          /* P2 */
-    pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
-    pMem++;
-
-    if( p->explain==1 ){
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      pMem->u.i = pOp->p3;                          /* P3 */
-      pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
-      pMem++;
-    }
-
-    if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, 32, 0) ){            /* P4 */
-      assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Dyn|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-    z = displayP4(pOp, pMem->z, 32);
-    if( z!=pMem->z ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem, z, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
-    }else{
-      assert( pMem->z!=0 );
-      pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
-      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-    }
-    pMem->type = SQLITE_TEXT;
-    pMem++;
-
-    if( p->explain==1 ){
-      if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, 4, 0) ){
-        assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
-        return SQLITE_ERROR;
-      }
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Dyn|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-      pMem->n = 2;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(3, pMem->z, "%.2x", pOp->p5);   /* P5 */
-      pMem->type = SQLITE_TEXT;
-      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-      pMem++;
-  
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-      if( pOp->zComment ){
-        pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-        pMem->z = pOp->zComment;
-        pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
-        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-        pMem->type = SQLITE_TEXT;
-      }else
-#endif
-      {
-        pMem->flags = MEM_Null;                       /* Comment */
-        pMem->type = SQLITE_NULL;
-      }
-    }
-
-    p->nResColumn = 8 - 5*(p->explain-1);
-    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    rc = SQLITE_ROW;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-** Print the SQL that was used to generate a VDBE program.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbePrintSql(Vdbe *p){
-  int nOp = p->nOp;
-  VdbeOp *pOp;
-  if( nOp<1 ) return;
-  pOp = &p->aOp[0];
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Trace && pOp->p4.z!=0 ){
-    const char *z = pOp->p4.z;
-    while( sqlite3Isspace(*z) ) z++;
-    printf("SQL: [%s]\n", z);
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE)
-/*
-** Print an IOTRACE message showing SQL content.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe *p){
-  int nOp = p->nOp;
-  VdbeOp *pOp;
-  if( sqlite3IoTrace==0 ) return;
-  if( nOp<1 ) return;
-  pOp = &p->aOp[0];
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Trace && pOp->p4.z!=0 ){
-    int i, j;
-    char z[1000];
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(z), z, "%s", pOp->p4.z);
-    for(i=0; sqlite3Isspace(z[i]); i++){}
-    for(j=0; z[i]; i++){
-      if( sqlite3Isspace(z[i]) ){
-        if( z[i-1]!=' ' ){
-          z[j++] = ' ';
-        }
-      }else{
-        z[j++] = z[i];
-      }
-    }
-    z[j] = 0;
-    sqlite3IoTrace("SQL %s\n", z);
-  }
-}
-#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE && SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE */
-
-/*
-** Allocate space from a fixed size buffer and return a pointer to
-** that space.  If insufficient space is available, return NULL.
-**
-** The pBuf parameter is the initial value of a pointer which will
-** receive the new memory.  pBuf is normally NULL.  If pBuf is not
-** NULL, it means that memory space has already been allocated and that
-** this routine should not allocate any new memory.  When pBuf is not
-** NULL simply return pBuf.  Only allocate new memory space when pBuf
-** is NULL.
-**
-** nByte is the number of bytes of space needed.
-**
-** *ppFrom points to available space and pEnd points to the end of the
-** available space.  When space is allocated, *ppFrom is advanced past
-** the end of the allocated space.
-**
-** *pnByte is a counter of the number of bytes of space that have failed
-** to allocate.  If there is insufficient space in *ppFrom to satisfy the
-** request, then increment *pnByte by the amount of the request.
-*/
-static void *allocSpace(
-  void *pBuf,          /* Where return pointer will be stored */
-  int nByte,           /* Number of bytes to allocate */
-  u8 **ppFrom,         /* IN/OUT: Allocate from *ppFrom */
-  u8 *pEnd,            /* Pointer to 1 byte past the end of *ppFrom buffer */
-  int *pnByte          /* If allocation cannot be made, increment *pnByte */
-){
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(*ppFrom) );
-  if( pBuf ) return pBuf;
-  nByte = ROUND8(nByte);
-  if( &(*ppFrom)[nByte] <= pEnd ){
-    pBuf = (void*)*ppFrom;
-    *ppFrom += nByte;
-  }else{
-    *pnByte += nByte;
-  }
-  return pBuf;
-}
-
-/*
-** Prepare a virtual machine for execution.  This involves things such
-** as allocating stack space and initializing the program counter.
-** After the VDBE has be prepped, it can be executed by one or more
-** calls to sqlite3VdbeExec().  
-**
-** This is the only way to move a VDBE from VDBE_MAGIC_INIT to
-** VDBE_MAGIC_RUN.
-**
-** This function may be called more than once on a single virtual machine.
-** The first call is made while compiling the SQL statement. Subsequent
-** calls are made as part of the process of resetting a statement to be
-** re-executed (from a call to sqlite3_reset()). The nVar, nMem, nCursor 
-** and isExplain parameters are only passed correct values the first time
-** the function is called. On subsequent calls, from sqlite3_reset(), nVar
-** is passed -1 and nMem, nCursor and isExplain are all passed zero.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(
-  Vdbe *p,                       /* The VDBE */
-  int nVar,                      /* Number of '?' see in the SQL statement */
-  int nMem,                      /* Number of memory cells to allocate */
-  int nCursor,                   /* Number of cursors to allocate */
-  int nArg,                      /* Maximum number of args in SubPrograms */
-  int isExplain,                 /* True if the EXPLAIN keywords is present */
-  int usesStmtJournal            /* True to set Vdbe.usesStmtJournal */
-){
-  int n;
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
-
-  /* There should be at least one opcode.
-  */
-  assert( p->nOp>0 );
-
-  /* Set the magic to VDBE_MAGIC_RUN sooner rather than later. */
-  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_RUN;
-
-  /* For each cursor required, also allocate a memory cell. Memory
-  ** cells (nMem+1-nCursor)..nMem, inclusive, will never be used by
-  ** the vdbe program. Instead they are used to allocate space for
-  ** VdbeCursor/BtCursor structures. The blob of memory associated with 
-  ** cursor 0 is stored in memory cell nMem. Memory cell (nMem-1)
-  ** stores the blob of memory associated with cursor 1, etc.
-  **
-  ** See also: allocateCursor().
-  */
-  nMem += nCursor;
-
-  /* Allocate space for memory registers, SQL variables, VDBE cursors and 
-  ** an array to marshal SQL function arguments in. This is only done the
-  ** first time this function is called for a given VDBE, not when it is
-  ** being called from sqlite3_reset() to reset the virtual machine.
-  */
-  if( nVar>=0 && ALWAYS(db->mallocFailed==0) ){
-    u8 *zCsr = (u8 *)&p->aOp[p->nOp];       /* Memory avaliable for alloation */
-    u8 *zEnd = (u8 *)&p->aOp[p->nOpAlloc];  /* First byte past available mem */
-    int nByte;                              /* How much extra memory needed */
-
-    resolveP2Values(p, &nArg);
-    p->usesStmtJournal = (u8)usesStmtJournal;
-    if( isExplain && nMem<10 ){
-      nMem = 10;
-    }
-    memset(zCsr, 0, zEnd-zCsr);
-    zCsr += (zCsr - (u8*)0)&7;
-    assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(zCsr) );
-
-    /* Memory for registers, parameters, cursor, etc, is allocated in two
-    ** passes.  On the first pass, we try to reuse unused space at the 
-    ** end of the opcode array.  If we are unable to satisfy all memory
-    ** requirements by reusing the opcode array tail, then the second
-    ** pass will fill in the rest using a fresh allocation.  
-    **
-    ** This two-pass approach that reuses as much memory as possible from
-    ** the leftover space at the end of the opcode array can significantly
-    ** reduce the amount of memory held by a prepared statement.
-    */
-    do {
-      nByte = 0;
-      p->aMem = allocSpace(p->aMem, nMem*sizeof(Mem), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
-      p->aVar = allocSpace(p->aVar, nVar*sizeof(Mem), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
-      p->apArg = allocSpace(p->apArg, nArg*sizeof(Mem*), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
-      p->azVar = allocSpace(p->azVar, nVar*sizeof(char*), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
-      p->apCsr = allocSpace(p->apCsr, nCursor*sizeof(VdbeCursor*),
-                            &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
-      if( nByte ){
-        p->pFree = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
-      }
-      zCsr = p->pFree;
-      zEnd = &zCsr[nByte];
-    }while( nByte && !db->mallocFailed );
-
-    p->nCursor = (u16)nCursor;
-    if( p->aVar ){
-      p->nVar = (ynVar)nVar;
-      for(n=0; n<nVar; n++){
-        p->aVar[n].flags = MEM_Null;
-        p->aVar[n].db = db;
-      }
-    }
-    if( p->aMem ){
-      p->aMem--;                      /* aMem[] goes from 1..nMem */
-      p->nMem = nMem;                 /*       not from 0..nMem-1 */
-      for(n=1; n<=nMem; n++){
-        p->aMem[n].flags = MEM_Null;
-        p->aMem[n].db = db;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  for(n=1; n<p->nMem; n++){
-    assert( p->aMem[n].db==db );
-  }
-#endif
-
-  p->pc = -1;
-  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  p->errorAction = OE_Abort;
-  p->explain |= isExplain;
-  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_RUN;
-  p->nChange = 0;
-  p->cacheCtr = 1;
-  p->minWriteFileFormat = 255;
-  p->iStatement = 0;
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-  {
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
-      p->aOp[i].cnt = 0;
-      p->aOp[i].cycles = 0;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a VDBE cursor and release all the resources that cursor 
-** happens to hold.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(Vdbe *p, VdbeCursor *pCx){
-  if( pCx==0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-  if( pCx->pBt ){
-    sqlite3BtreeClose(pCx->pBt);
-    /* The pCx->pCursor will be close automatically, if it exists, by
-    ** the call above. */
-  }else if( pCx->pCursor ){
-    sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(pCx->pCursor);
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if( pCx->pVtabCursor ){
-    sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor = pCx->pVtabCursor;
-    const sqlite3_module *pModule = pCx->pModule;
-    p->inVtabMethod = 1;
-    pModule->xClose(pVtabCursor);
-    p->inVtabMethod = 0;
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Copy the values stored in the VdbeFrame structure to its Vdbe. This
-** is used, for example, when a trigger sub-program is halted to restore
-** control to the main program.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *pFrame){
-  Vdbe *v = pFrame->v;
-  v->aOp = pFrame->aOp;
-  v->nOp = pFrame->nOp;
-  v->aMem = pFrame->aMem;
-  v->nMem = pFrame->nMem;
-  v->apCsr = pFrame->apCsr;
-  v->nCursor = pFrame->nCursor;
-  v->db->lastRowid = pFrame->lastRowid;
-  v->nChange = pFrame->nChange;
-  return pFrame->pc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close all cursors.
-**
-** Also release any dynamic memory held by the VM in the Vdbe.aMem memory 
-** cell array. This is necessary as the memory cell array may contain
-** pointers to VdbeFrame objects, which may in turn contain pointers to
-** open cursors.
-*/
-static void closeAllCursors(Vdbe *p){
-  if( p->pFrame ){
-    VdbeFrame *pFrame = p->pFrame;
-    for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame->pParent; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
-    sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(pFrame);
-  }
-  p->pFrame = 0;
-  p->nFrame = 0;
-
-  if( p->apCsr ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++){
-      VdbeCursor *pC = p->apCsr[i];
-      if( pC ){
-        sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, pC);
-        p->apCsr[i] = 0;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if( p->aMem ){
-    releaseMemArray(&p->aMem[1], p->nMem);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Clean up the VM after execution.
-**
-** This routine will automatically close any cursors, lists, and/or
-** sorters that were left open.  It also deletes the values of
-** variables in the aVar[] array.
-*/
-static void Cleanup(Vdbe *p){
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  /* Execute assert() statements to ensure that the Vdbe.apCsr[] and 
-  ** Vdbe.aMem[] arrays have already been cleaned up.  */
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++) assert( p->apCsr==0 || p->apCsr[i]==0 );
-  for(i=1; i<=p->nMem; i++) assert( p->aMem==0 || p->aMem[i].flags==MEM_Null );
-#endif
-
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = 0;
-  p->pResultSet = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the number of result columns that will be returned by this SQL
-** statement. This is now set at compile time, rather than during
-** execution of the vdbe program so that sqlite3_column_count() can
-** be called on an SQL statement before sqlite3_step().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(Vdbe *p, int nResColumn){
-  Mem *pColName;
-  int n;
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-
-  releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aColName);
-  n = nResColumn*COLNAME_N;
-  p->nResColumn = (u16)nResColumn;
-  p->aColName = pColName = (Mem*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Mem)*n );
-  if( p->aColName==0 ) return;
-  while( n-- > 0 ){
-    pColName->flags = MEM_Null;
-    pColName->db = p->db;
-    pColName++;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the name of the idx'th column to be returned by the SQL statement.
-** zName must be a pointer to a nul terminated string.
-**
-** This call must be made after a call to sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols().
-**
-** The final parameter, xDel, must be one of SQLITE_DYNAMIC, SQLITE_STATIC
-** or SQLITE_TRANSIENT. If it is SQLITE_DYNAMIC, then the buffer pointed
-** to by zName will be freed by sqlite3DbFree() when the vdbe is destroyed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSetColName(
-  Vdbe *p,                         /* Vdbe being configured */
-  int idx,                         /* Index of column zName applies to */
-  int var,                         /* One of the COLNAME_* constants */
-  const char *zName,               /* Pointer to buffer containing name */
-  void (*xDel)(void*)              /* Memory management strategy for zName */
-){
-  int rc;
-  Mem *pColName;
-  assert( idx<p->nResColumn );
-  assert( var<COLNAME_N );
-  if( p->db->mallocFailed ){
-    assert( !zName || xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  assert( p->aColName!=0 );
-  pColName = &(p->aColName[idx+var*p->nResColumn]);
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pColName, zName, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, xDel);
-  assert( rc!=0 || !zName || (pColName->flags&MEM_Term)!=0 );
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** A read or write transaction may or may not be active on database handle
-** db. If a transaction is active, commit it. If there is a
-** write-transaction spanning more than one database file, this routine
-** takes care of the master journal trickery.
-*/
-static int vdbeCommit(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
-  int i;
-  int nTrans = 0;  /* Number of databases with an active write-transaction */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int needXcommit = 0;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  /* With this option, sqlite3VtabSync() is defined to be simply 
-  ** SQLITE_OK so p is not used. 
-  */
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(p);
-#endif
-
-  /* Before doing anything else, call the xSync() callback for any
-  ** virtual module tables written in this transaction. This has to
-  ** be done before determining whether a master journal file is 
-  ** required, as an xSync() callback may add an attached database
-  ** to the transaction.
-  */
-  rc = sqlite3VtabSync(db, &p->zErrMsg);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* This loop determines (a) if the commit hook should be invoked and
-  ** (b) how many database files have open write transactions, not 
-  ** including the temp database. (b) is important because if more than 
-  ** one database file has an open write transaction, a master journal
-  ** file is required for an atomic commit.
-  */ 
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){ 
-    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-    if( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) ){
-      needXcommit = 1;
-      if( i!=1 ) nTrans++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If there are any write-transactions at all, invoke the commit hook */
-  if( needXcommit && db->xCommitCallback ){
-    rc = db->xCommitCallback(db->pCommitArg);
-    if( rc ){
-      return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* The simple case - no more than one database file (not counting the
-  ** TEMP database) has a transaction active.   There is no need for the
-  ** master-journal.
-  **
-  ** If the return value of sqlite3BtreeGetFilename() is a zero length
-  ** string, it means the main database is :memory: or a temp file.  In 
-  ** that case we do not support atomic multi-file commits, so use the 
-  ** simple case then too.
-  */
-  if( 0==sqlite3Strlen30(sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(db->aDb[0].pBt))
-   || nTrans<=1
-  ){
-    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){
-      Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-      if( pBt ){
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(pBt, 0);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Do the commit only if all databases successfully complete phase 1. 
-    ** If one of the BtreeCommitPhaseOne() calls fails, this indicates an
-    ** IO error while deleting or truncating a journal file. It is unlikely,
-    ** but could happen. In this case abandon processing and return the error.
-    */
-    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){
-      Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-      if( pBt ){
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(pBt);
-      }
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3VtabCommit(db);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* The complex case - There is a multi-file write-transaction active.
-  ** This requires a master journal file to ensure the transaction is
-  ** committed atomicly.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
-  else{
-    sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = db->pVfs;
-    int needSync = 0;
-    char *zMaster = 0;   /* File-name for the master journal */
-    char const *zMainFile = sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(db->aDb[0].pBt);
-    sqlite3_file *pMaster = 0;
-    i64 offset = 0;
-    int res;
-
-    /* Select a master journal file name */
-    do {
-      u32 iRandom;
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
-      sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(iRandom), &iRandom);
-      zMaster = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s-mj%08X", zMainFile, iRandom&0x7fffffff);
-      if( !zMaster ){
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-      rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zMaster, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &res);
-    }while( rc==SQLITE_OK && res );
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      /* Open the master journal. */
-      rc = sqlite3OsOpenMalloc(pVfs, zMaster, &pMaster, 
-          SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|
-          SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE|SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL, 0
-      );
-    }
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
-      return rc;
-    }
- 
-    /* Write the name of each database file in the transaction into the new
-    ** master journal file. If an error occurs at this point close
-    ** and delete the master journal file. All the individual journal files
-    ** still have 'null' as the master journal pointer, so they will roll
-    ** back independently if a failure occurs.
-    */
-    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-      if( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) ){
-        char const *zFile = sqlite3BtreeGetJournalname(pBt);
-        if( zFile==0 || zFile[0]==0 ){
-          continue;  /* Ignore TEMP and :memory: databases */
-        }
-        if( !needSync && !sqlite3BtreeSyncDisabled(pBt) ){
-          needSync = 1;
-        }
-        rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pMaster, zFile, sqlite3Strlen30(zFile)+1, offset);
-        offset += sqlite3Strlen30(zFile)+1;
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          sqlite3OsCloseFree(pMaster);
-          sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zMaster, 0);
-          sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
-          return rc;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Sync the master journal file. If the IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL device
-    ** flag is set this is not required.
-    */
-    if( needSync 
-     && 0==(sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pMaster)&SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL)
-     && SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsSync(pMaster, SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL))
-    ){
-      sqlite3OsCloseFree(pMaster);
-      sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zMaster, 0);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
-      return rc;
-    }
-
-    /* Sync all the db files involved in the transaction. The same call
-    ** sets the master journal pointer in each individual journal. If
-    ** an error occurs here, do not delete the master journal file.
-    **
-    ** If the error occurs during the first call to
-    ** sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(), then there is a chance that the
-    ** master journal file will be orphaned. But we cannot delete it,
-    ** in case the master journal file name was written into the journal
-    ** file before the failure occurred.
-    */
-    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){ 
-      Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-      if( pBt ){
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(pBt, zMaster);
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3OsCloseFree(pMaster);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
-      return rc;
-    }
-
-    /* Delete the master journal file. This commits the transaction. After
-    ** doing this the directory is synced again before any individual
-    ** transaction files are deleted.
-    */
-    rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zMaster, 1);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
-    zMaster = 0;
-    if( rc ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-
-    /* All files and directories have already been synced, so the following
-    ** calls to sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo() are only closing files and
-    ** deleting or truncating journals. If something goes wrong while
-    ** this is happening we don't really care. The integrity of the
-    ** transaction is already guaranteed, but some stray 'cold' journals
-    ** may be lying around. Returning an error code won't help matters.
-    */
-    disable_simulated_io_errors();
-    sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){ 
-      Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-      if( pBt ){
-        sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(pBt);
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-    enable_simulated_io_errors();
-
-    sqlite3VtabCommit(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* 
-** This routine checks that the sqlite3.activeVdbeCnt count variable
-** matches the number of vdbe's in the list sqlite3.pVdbe that are
-** currently active. An assertion fails if the two counts do not match.
-** This is an internal self-check only - it is not an essential processing
-** step.
-**
-** This is a no-op if NDEBUG is defined.
-*/
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-static void checkActiveVdbeCnt(sqlite3 *db){
-  Vdbe *p;
-  int cnt = 0;
-  int nWrite = 0;
-  p = db->pVdbe;
-  while( p ){
-    if( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN && p->pc>=0 ){
-      cnt++;
-      if( p->readOnly==0 ) nWrite++;
-    }
-    p = p->pNext;
-  }
-  assert( cnt==db->activeVdbeCnt );
-  assert( nWrite==db->writeVdbeCnt );
-}
-#else
-#define checkActiveVdbeCnt(x)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** For every Btree that in database connection db which 
-** has been modified, "trip" or invalidate each cursor in
-** that Btree might have been modified so that the cursor
-** can never be used again.  This happens when a rollback
-*** occurs.  We have to trip all the other cursors, even
-** cursor from other VMs in different database connections,
-** so that none of them try to use the data at which they
-** were pointing and which now may have been changed due
-** to the rollback.
-**
-** Remember that a rollback can delete tables complete and
-** reorder rootpages.  So it is not sufficient just to save
-** the state of the cursor.  We have to invalidate the cursor
-** so that it is never used again.
-*/
-static void invalidateCursorsOnModifiedBtrees(sqlite3 *db){
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    Btree *p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-    if( p && sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(p) ){
-      sqlite3BtreeTripAllCursors(p, SQLITE_ABORT);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** If the Vdbe passed as the first argument opened a statement-transaction,
-** close it now. Argument eOp must be either SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK or
-** SAVEPOINT_RELEASE. If it is SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, then the statement
-** transaction is rolled back. If eOp is SAVEPOINT_RELEASE, then the 
-** statement transaction is commtted.
-**
-** If an IO error occurs, an SQLITE_IOERR_XXX error code is returned. 
-** Otherwise SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *p, int eOp){
-  sqlite3 *const db = p->db;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  /* If p->iStatement is greater than zero, then this Vdbe opened a 
-  ** statement transaction that should be closed here. The only exception
-  ** is that an IO error may have occured, causing an emergency rollback.
-  ** In this case (db->nStatement==0), and there is nothing to do.
-  */
-  if( db->nStatement && p->iStatement ){
-    int i;
-    const int iSavepoint = p->iStatement-1;
-
-    assert( eOp==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK || eOp==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE);
-    assert( db->nStatement>0 );
-    assert( p->iStatement==(db->nStatement+db->nSavepoint) );
-
-    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){ 
-      int rc2 = SQLITE_OK;
-      Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-      if( pBt ){
-        if( eOp==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK ){
-          rc2 = sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(pBt, SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, iSavepoint);
-        }
-        if( rc2==SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc2 = sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(pBt, SAVEPOINT_RELEASE, iSavepoint);
-        }
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = rc2;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    db->nStatement--;
-    p->iStatement = 0;
-
-    /* If the statement transaction is being rolled back, also restore the 
-    ** database handles deferred constraint counter to the value it had when 
-    ** the statement transaction was opened.  */
-    if( eOp==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK ){
-      db->nDeferredCons = p->nStmtDefCons;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** If SQLite is compiled to support shared-cache mode and to be threadsafe,
-** this routine obtains the mutex associated with each BtShared structure
-** that may be accessed by the VM passed as an argument. In doing so it
-** sets the BtShared.db member of each of the BtShared structures, ensuring
-** that the correct busy-handler callback is invoked if required.
-**
-** If SQLite is not threadsafe but does support shared-cache mode, then
-** sqlite3BtreeEnterAll() is invoked to set the BtShared.db variables
-** of all of BtShared structures accessible via the database handle 
-** associated with the VM. Of course only a subset of these structures
-** will be accessed by the VM, and we could use Vdbe.btreeMask to figure
-** that subset out, but there is no advantage to doing so.
-**
-** If SQLite is not threadsafe and does not support shared-cache mode, this
-** function is a no-op.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(Vdbe *p){
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-  sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayEnter(&p->aMutex);
-#else
-  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(p->db);
-#endif
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This function is called when a transaction opened by the database 
-** handle associated with the VM passed as an argument is about to be 
-** committed. If there are outstanding deferred foreign key constraint
-** violations, return SQLITE_ERROR. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
-**
-** If there are outstanding FK violations and this function returns 
-** SQLITE_ERROR, set the result of the VM to SQLITE_CONSTRAINT and write
-** an error message to it. Then return SQLITE_ERROR.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(Vdbe *p, int deferred){
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-  if( (deferred && db->nDeferredCons>0) || (!deferred && p->nFkConstraint>0) ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
-    p->errorAction = OE_Abort;
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "foreign key constraint failed");
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This routine is called the when a VDBE tries to halt.  If the VDBE
-** has made changes and is in autocommit mode, then commit those
-** changes.  If a rollback is needed, then do the rollback.
-**
-** This routine is the only way to move the state of a VM from
-** SQLITE_MAGIC_RUN to SQLITE_MAGIC_HALT.  It is harmless to
-** call this on a VM that is in the SQLITE_MAGIC_HALT state.
-**
-** Return an error code.  If the commit could not complete because of
-** lock contention, return SQLITE_BUSY.  If SQLITE_BUSY is returned, it
-** means the close did not happen and needs to be repeated.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe *p){
-  int rc;                         /* Used to store transient return codes */
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-
-  /* This function contains the logic that determines if a statement or
-  ** transaction will be committed or rolled back as a result of the
-  ** execution of this virtual machine. 
-  **
-  ** If any of the following errors occur:
-  **
-  **     SQLITE_NOMEM
-  **     SQLITE_IOERR
-  **     SQLITE_FULL
-  **     SQLITE_INTERRUPT
-  **
-  ** Then the internal cache might have been left in an inconsistent
-  ** state.  We need to rollback the statement transaction, if there is
-  ** one, or the complete transaction if there is no statement transaction.
-  */
-
-  if( p->db->mallocFailed ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  closeAllCursors(p);
-  if( p->magic!=VDBE_MAGIC_RUN ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  checkActiveVdbeCnt(db);
-
-  /* No commit or rollback needed if the program never started */
-  if( p->pc>=0 ){
-    int mrc;   /* Primary error code from p->rc */
-    int eStatementOp = 0;
-    int isSpecialError;            /* Set to true if a 'special' error */
-
-    /* Lock all btrees used by the statement */
-    sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(p);
-
-    /* Check for one of the special errors */
-    mrc = p->rc & 0xff;
-    assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED );  /* This error no longer exists */
-    isSpecialError = mrc==SQLITE_NOMEM || mrc==SQLITE_IOERR
-                     || mrc==SQLITE_INTERRUPT || mrc==SQLITE_FULL;
-    if( isSpecialError ){
-      /* If the query was read-only, we need do no rollback at all. Otherwise,
-      ** proceed with the special handling.
-      */
-      if( !p->readOnly || mrc!=SQLITE_INTERRUPT ){
-        if( (mrc==SQLITE_NOMEM || mrc==SQLITE_FULL) && p->usesStmtJournal ){
-          eStatementOp = SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK;
-        }else{
-          /* We are forced to roll back the active transaction. Before doing
-          ** so, abort any other statements this handle currently has active.
-          */
-          invalidateCursorsOnModifiedBtrees(db);
-          sqlite3RollbackAll(db);
-          sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);
-          db->autoCommit = 1;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Check for immediate foreign key violations. */
-    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 0);
-    }
-  
-    /* If the auto-commit flag is set and this is the only active writer 
-    ** VM, then we do either a commit or rollback of the current transaction. 
-    **
-    ** Note: This block also runs if one of the special errors handled 
-    ** above has occurred. 
-    */
-    if( !sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 
-     && db->autoCommit 
-     && db->writeVdbeCnt==(p->readOnly==0) 
-    ){
-      if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || (p->errorAction==OE_Fail && !isSpecialError) ){
-        if( sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 1) ){
-          sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(&p->aMutex);
-          return SQLITE_ERROR;
-        }
-        /* The auto-commit flag is true, the vdbe program was successful 
-        ** or hit an 'OR FAIL' constraint and there are no deferred foreign
-        ** key constraints to hold up the transaction. This means a commit 
-        ** is required.  */
-        rc = vdbeCommit(db, p);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-          sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(&p->aMutex);
-          return SQLITE_BUSY;
-        }else if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          p->rc = rc;
-          sqlite3RollbackAll(db);
-        }else{
-          db->nDeferredCons = 0;
-          sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(db);
-        }
-      }else{
-        sqlite3RollbackAll(db);
-      }
-      db->nStatement = 0;
-    }else if( eStatementOp==0 ){
-      if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->errorAction==OE_Fail ){
-        eStatementOp = SAVEPOINT_RELEASE;
-      }else if( p->errorAction==OE_Abort ){
-        eStatementOp = SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK;
-      }else{
-        invalidateCursorsOnModifiedBtrees(db);
-        sqlite3RollbackAll(db);
-        sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);
-        db->autoCommit = 1;
-      }
-    }
-  
-    /* If eStatementOp is non-zero, then a statement transaction needs to
-    ** be committed or rolled back. Call sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement() to
-    ** do so. If this operation returns an error, and the current statement
-    ** error code is SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then promote the
-    ** current statement error code.
-    **
-    ** Note that sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement() can only fail if eStatementOp
-    ** is SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK.  But if p->rc==SQLITE_OK then eStatementOp
-    ** must be SAVEPOINT_RELEASE.  Hence the NEVER(p->rc==SQLITE_OK) in 
-    ** the following code.
-    */
-    if( eStatementOp ){
-      rc = sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(p, eStatementOp);
-      if( rc && (NEVER(p->rc==SQLITE_OK) || p->rc==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT) ){
-        p->rc = rc;
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-        p->zErrMsg = 0;
-      }
-    }
-  
-    /* If this was an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE and no statement transaction
-    ** has been rolled back, update the database connection change-counter. 
-    */
-    if( p->changeCntOn ){
-      if( eStatementOp!=SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK ){
-        sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(db, p->nChange);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(db, 0);
-      }
-      p->nChange = 0;
-    }
-  
-    /* Rollback or commit any schema changes that occurred. */
-    if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK && db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges ){
-      sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-      db->flags = (db->flags | SQLITE_InternChanges);
-    }
-
-    /* Release the locks */
-    sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(&p->aMutex);
-  }
-
-  /* We have successfully halted and closed the VM.  Record this fact. */
-  if( p->pc>=0 ){
-    db->activeVdbeCnt--;
-    if( !p->readOnly ){
-      db->writeVdbeCnt--;
-    }
-    assert( db->activeVdbeCnt>=db->writeVdbeCnt );
-  }
-  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_HALT;
-  checkActiveVdbeCnt(db);
-  if( p->db->mallocFailed ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  /* If the auto-commit flag is set to true, then any locks that were held
-  ** by connection db have now been released. Call sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked() 
-  ** to invoke any required unlock-notify callbacks.
-  */
-  if( db->autoCommit ){
-    sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(db);
-  }
-
-  assert( db->activeVdbeCnt>0 || db->autoCommit==0 || db->nStatement==0 );
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Each VDBE holds the result of the most recent sqlite3_step() call
-** in p->rc.  This routine sets that result back to SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeResetStepResult(Vdbe *p){
-  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Clean up a VDBE after execution but do not delete the VDBE just yet.
-** Write any error messages into *pzErrMsg.  Return the result code.
-**
-** After this routine is run, the VDBE should be ready to be executed
-** again.
-**
-** To look at it another way, this routine resets the state of the
-** virtual machine from VDBE_MAGIC_RUN or VDBE_MAGIC_HALT back to
-** VDBE_MAGIC_INIT.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe *p){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  db = p->db;
-
-  /* If the VM did not run to completion or if it encountered an
-  ** error, then it might not have been halted properly.  So halt
-  ** it now.
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
-
-  /* If the VDBE has be run even partially, then transfer the error code
-  ** and error message from the VDBE into the main database structure.  But
-  ** if the VDBE has just been set to run but has not actually executed any
-  ** instructions yet, leave the main database error information unchanged.
-  */
-  if( p->pc>=0 ){
-    if( p->zErrMsg ){
-      sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-      sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr,-1,p->zErrMsg,SQLITE_UTF8,SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-      sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-      db->errCode = p->rc;
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-      p->zErrMsg = 0;
-    }else if( p->rc ){
-      sqlite3Error(db, p->rc, 0);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK, 0);
-    }
-    if( p->runOnlyOnce ) p->expired = 1;
-  }else if( p->rc && p->expired ){
-    /* The expired flag was set on the VDBE before the first call
-    ** to sqlite3_step(). For consistency (since sqlite3_step() was
-    ** called), set the database error in this case as well.
-    */
-    sqlite3Error(db, p->rc, 0);
-    sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr, -1, p->zErrMsg, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Reclaim all memory used by the VDBE
-  */
-  Cleanup(p);
-
-  /* Save profiling information from this VDBE run.
-  */
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-  {
-    FILE *out = fopen("vdbe_profile.out", "a");
-    if( out ){
-      int i;
-      fprintf(out, "---- ");
-      for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
-        fprintf(out, "%02x", p->aOp[i].opcode);
-      }
-      fprintf(out, "\n");
-      for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
-        fprintf(out, "%6d %10lld %8lld ",
-           p->aOp[i].cnt,
-           p->aOp[i].cycles,
-           p->aOp[i].cnt>0 ? p->aOp[i].cycles/p->aOp[i].cnt : 0
-        );
-        sqlite3VdbePrintOp(out, i, &p->aOp[i]);
-      }
-      fclose(out);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_INIT;
-  return p->rc & db->errMask;
-}
- 
-/*
-** Clean up and delete a VDBE after execution.  Return an integer which is
-** the result code.  Write any error message text into *pzErrMsg.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeFinalize(Vdbe *p){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN || p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_HALT ){
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeReset(p);
-    assert( (rc & p->db->errMask)==rc );
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeDelete(p);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Call the destructor for each auxdata entry in pVdbeFunc for which
-** the corresponding bit in mask is clear.  Auxdata entries beyond 31
-** are always destroyed.  To destroy all auxdata entries, call this
-** routine with mask==0.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc, int mask){
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<pVdbeFunc->nAux; i++){
-    struct AuxData *pAux = &pVdbeFunc->apAux[i];
-    if( (i>31 || !(mask&(((u32)1)<<i))) && pAux->pAux ){
-      if( pAux->xDelete ){
-        pAux->xDelete(pAux->pAux);
-      }
-      pAux->pAux = 0;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete an entire VDBE.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe *p){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-
-  if( NEVER(p==0) ) return;
-  db = p->db;
-  if( p->pPrev ){
-    p->pPrev->pNext = p->pNext;
-  }else{
-    assert( db->pVdbe==p );
-    db->pVdbe = p->pNext;
-  }
-  if( p->pNext ){
-    p->pNext->pPrev = p->pPrev;
-  }
-  releaseMemArray(p->aVar, p->nVar);
-  releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);
-  vdbeFreeOpArray(db, p->aOp, p->nOp);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aLabel);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aColName);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zSql);
-  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD;
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->pFree);
-  p->db = 0;
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Make sure the cursor p is ready to read or write the row to which it
-** was last positioned.  Return an error code if an OOM fault or I/O error
-** prevents us from positioning the cursor to its correct position.
-**
-** If a MoveTo operation is pending on the given cursor, then do that
-** MoveTo now.  If no move is pending, check to see if the row has been
-** deleted out from under the cursor and if it has, mark the row as
-** a NULL row.
-**
-** If the cursor is already pointing to the correct row and that row has
-** not been deleted out from under the cursor, then this routine is a no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor *p){
-  if( p->deferredMoveto ){
-    int res, rc;
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-    extern int sqlite3_search_count;
-#endif
-    assert( p->isTable );
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(p->pCursor, 0, p->movetoTarget, 0, &res);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-    p->lastRowid = p->movetoTarget;
-    p->rowidIsValid = ALWAYS(res==0) ?1:0;
-    if( NEVER(res<0) ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(p->pCursor, &res);
-      if( rc ) return rc;
-    }
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-    sqlite3_search_count++;
-#endif
-    p->deferredMoveto = 0;
-    p->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  }else if( ALWAYS(p->pCursor) ){
-    int hasMoved;
-    int rc = sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(p->pCursor, &hasMoved);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-    if( hasMoved ){
-      p->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-      p->nullRow = 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** The following functions:
-**
-** sqlite3VdbeSerialType()
-** sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen()
-** sqlite3VdbeSerialLen()
-** sqlite3VdbeSerialPut()
-** sqlite3VdbeSerialGet()
-**
-** encapsulate the code that serializes values for storage in SQLite
-** data and index records. Each serialized value consists of a
-** 'serial-type' and a blob of data. The serial type is an 8-byte unsigned
-** integer, stored as a varint.
-**
-** In an SQLite index record, the serial type is stored directly before
-** the blob of data that it corresponds to. In a table record, all serial
-** types are stored at the start of the record, and the blobs of data at
-** the end. Hence these functions allow the caller to handle the
-** serial-type and data blob seperately.
-**
-** The following table describes the various storage classes for data:
-**
-**   serial type        bytes of data      type
-**   --------------     ---------------    ---------------
-**      0                     0            NULL
-**      1                     1            signed integer
-**      2                     2            signed integer
-**      3                     3            signed integer
-**      4                     4            signed integer
-**      5                     6            signed integer
-**      6                     8            signed integer
-**      7                     8            IEEE float
-**      8                     0            Integer constant 0
-**      9                     0            Integer constant 1
-**     10,11                               reserved for expansion
-**    N>=12 and even       (N-12)/2        BLOB
-**    N>=13 and odd        (N-13)/2        text
-**
-** The 8 and 9 types were added in 3.3.0, file format 4.  Prior versions
-** of SQLite will not understand those serial types.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Return the serial-type for the value stored in pMem.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialType(Mem *pMem, int file_format){
-  int flags = pMem->flags;
-  int n;
-
-  if( flags&MEM_Null ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( flags&MEM_Int ){
-    /* Figure out whether to use 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 bytes. */
-#   define MAX_6BYTE ((((i64)0x00008000)<<32)-1)
-    i64 i = pMem->u.i;
-    u64 u;
-    if( file_format>=4 && (i&1)==i ){
-      return 8+(u32)i;
-    }
-    u = i<0 ? -i : i;
-    if( u<=127 ) return 1;
-    if( u<=32767 ) return 2;
-    if( u<=8388607 ) return 3;
-    if( u<=2147483647 ) return 4;
-    if( u<=MAX_6BYTE ) return 5;
-    return 6;
-  }
-  if( flags&MEM_Real ){
-    return 7;
-  }
-  assert( pMem->db->mallocFailed || flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) );
-  n = pMem->n;
-  if( flags & MEM_Zero ){
-    n += pMem->u.nZero;
-  }
-  assert( n>=0 );
-  return ((n*2) + 12 + ((flags&MEM_Str)!=0));
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the length of the data corresponding to the supplied serial-type.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u32 serial_type){
-  if( serial_type>=12 ){
-    return (serial_type-12)/2;
-  }else{
-    static const u8 aSize[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
-    return aSize[serial_type];
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** If we are on an architecture with mixed-endian floating 
-** points (ex: ARM7) then swap the lower 4 bytes with the 
-** upper 4 bytes.  Return the result.
-**
-** For most architectures, this is a no-op.
-**
-** (later):  It is reported to me that the mixed-endian problem
-** on ARM7 is an issue with GCC, not with the ARM7 chip.  It seems
-** that early versions of GCC stored the two words of a 64-bit
-** float in the wrong order.  And that error has been propagated
-** ever since.  The blame is not necessarily with GCC, though.
-** GCC might have just copying the problem from a prior compiler.
-** I am also told that newer versions of GCC that follow a different
-** ABI get the byte order right.
-**
-** Developers using SQLite on an ARM7 should compile and run their
-** application using -DSQLITE_DEBUG=1 at least once.  With DEBUG
-** enabled, some asserts below will ensure that the byte order of
-** floating point values is correct.
-**
-** (2007-08-30)  Frank van Vugt has studied this problem closely
-** and has send his findings to the SQLite developers.  Frank
-** writes that some Linux kernels offer floating point hardware
-** emulation that uses only 32-bit mantissas instead of a full 
-** 48-bits as required by the IEEE standard.  (This is the
-** CONFIG_FPE_FASTFPE option.)  On such systems, floating point
-** byte swapping becomes very complicated.  To avoid problems,
-** the necessary byte swapping is carried out using a 64-bit integer
-** rather than a 64-bit float.  Frank assures us that the code here
-** works for him.  We, the developers, have no way to independently
-** verify this, but Frank seems to know what he is talking about
-** so we trust him.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
-static u64 floatSwap(u64 in){
-  union {
-    u64 r;
-    u32 i[2];
-  } u;
-  u32 t;
-
-  u.r = in;
-  t = u.i[0];
-  u.i[0] = u.i[1];
-  u.i[1] = t;
-  return u.r;
-}
-# define swapMixedEndianFloat(X)  X = floatSwap(X)
-#else
-# define swapMixedEndianFloat(X)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Write the serialized data blob for the value stored in pMem into 
-** buf. It is assumed that the caller has allocated sufficient space.
-** Return the number of bytes written.
-**
-** nBuf is the amount of space left in buf[].  nBuf must always be
-** large enough to hold the entire field.  Except, if the field is
-** a blob with a zero-filled tail, then buf[] might be just the right
-** size to hold everything except for the zero-filled tail.  If buf[]
-** is only big enough to hold the non-zero prefix, then only write that
-** prefix into buf[].  But if buf[] is large enough to hold both the
-** prefix and the tail then write the prefix and set the tail to all
-** zeros.
-**
-** Return the number of bytes actually written into buf[].  The number
-** of bytes in the zero-filled tail is included in the return value only
-** if those bytes were zeroed in buf[].
-*/ 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(u8 *buf, int nBuf, Mem *pMem, int file_format){
-  u32 serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pMem, file_format);
-  u32 len;
-
-  /* Integer and Real */
-  if( serial_type<=7 && serial_type>0 ){
-    u64 v;
-    u32 i;
-    if( serial_type==7 ){
-      assert( sizeof(v)==sizeof(pMem->r) );
-      memcpy(&v, &pMem->r, sizeof(v));
-      swapMixedEndianFloat(v);
-    }else{
-      v = pMem->u.i;
-    }
-    len = i = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type);
-    assert( len<=(u32)nBuf );
-    while( i-- ){
-      buf[i] = (u8)(v&0xFF);
-      v >>= 8;
-    }
-    return len;
-  }
-
-  /* String or blob */
-  if( serial_type>=12 ){
-    assert( pMem->n + ((pMem->flags & MEM_Zero)?pMem->u.nZero:0)
-             == (int)sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type) );
-    assert( pMem->n<=nBuf );
-    len = pMem->n;
-    memcpy(buf, pMem->z, len);
-    if( pMem->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-      len += pMem->u.nZero;
-      assert( nBuf>=0 );
-      if( len > (u32)nBuf ){
-        len = (u32)nBuf;
-      }
-      memset(&buf[pMem->n], 0, len-pMem->n);
-    }
-    return len;
-  }
-
-  /* NULL or constants 0 or 1 */
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Deserialize the data blob pointed to by buf as serial type serial_type
-** and store the result in pMem.  Return the number of bytes read.
-*/ 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(
-  const unsigned char *buf,     /* Buffer to deserialize from */
-  u32 serial_type,              /* Serial type to deserialize */
-  Mem *pMem                     /* Memory cell to write value into */
-){
-  switch( serial_type ){
-    case 10:   /* Reserved for future use */
-    case 11:   /* Reserved for future use */
-    case 0: {  /* NULL */
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
-      break;
-    }
-    case 1: { /* 1-byte signed integer */
-      pMem->u.i = (signed char)buf[0];
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case 2: { /* 2-byte signed integer */
-      pMem->u.i = (((signed char)buf[0])<<8) | buf[1];
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      return 2;
-    }
-    case 3: { /* 3-byte signed integer */
-      pMem->u.i = (((signed char)buf[0])<<16) | (buf[1]<<8) | buf[2];
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      return 3;
-    }
-    case 4: { /* 4-byte signed integer */
-      pMem->u.i = (buf[0]<<24) | (buf[1]<<16) | (buf[2]<<8) | buf[3];
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      return 4;
-    }
-    case 5: { /* 6-byte signed integer */
-      u64 x = (((signed char)buf[0])<<8) | buf[1];
-      u32 y = (buf[2]<<24) | (buf[3]<<16) | (buf[4]<<8) | buf[5];
-      x = (x<<32) | y;
-      pMem->u.i = *(i64*)&x;
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      return 6;
-    }
-    case 6:   /* 8-byte signed integer */
-    case 7: { /* IEEE floating point */
-      u64 x;
-      u32 y;
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT)
-      /* Verify that integers and floating point values use the same
-      ** byte order.  Or, that if SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT is
-      ** defined that 64-bit floating point values really are mixed
-      ** endian.
-      */
-      static const u64 t1 = ((u64)0x3ff00000)<<32;
-      static const double r1 = 1.0;
-      u64 t2 = t1;
-      swapMixedEndianFloat(t2);
-      assert( sizeof(r1)==sizeof(t2) && memcmp(&r1, &t2, sizeof(r1))==0 );
-#endif
-
-      x = (buf[0]<<24) | (buf[1]<<16) | (buf[2]<<8) | buf[3];
-      y = (buf[4]<<24) | (buf[5]<<16) | (buf[6]<<8) | buf[7];
-      x = (x<<32) | y;
-      if( serial_type==6 ){
-        pMem->u.i = *(i64*)&x;
-        pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      }else{
-        assert( sizeof(x)==8 && sizeof(pMem->r)==8 );
-        swapMixedEndianFloat(x);
-        memcpy(&pMem->r, &x, sizeof(x));
-        pMem->flags = sqlite3IsNaN(pMem->r) ? MEM_Null : MEM_Real;
-      }
-      return 8;
-    }
-    case 8:    /* Integer 0 */
-    case 9: {  /* Integer 1 */
-      pMem->u.i = serial_type-8;
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      return 0;
-    }
-    default: {
-      u32 len = (serial_type-12)/2;
-      pMem->z = (char *)buf;
-      pMem->n = len;
-      pMem->xDel = 0;
-      if( serial_type&0x01 ){
-        pMem->flags = MEM_Str | MEM_Ephem;
-      }else{
-        pMem->flags = MEM_Blob | MEM_Ephem;
-      }
-      return len;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Given the nKey-byte encoding of a record in pKey[], parse the
-** record into a UnpackedRecord structure.  Return a pointer to
-** that structure.
-**
-** The calling function might provide szSpace bytes of memory
-** space at pSpace.  This space can be used to hold the returned
-** VDbeParsedRecord structure if it is large enough.  If it is
-** not big enough, space is obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
-**
-** The returned structure should be closed by a call to
-** sqlite3VdbeDeleteUnpackedRecord().
-*/ 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(
-  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,     /* Information about the record format */
-  int nKey,              /* Size of the binary record */
-  const void *pKey,      /* The binary record */
-  char *pSpace,          /* Unaligned space available to hold the object */
-  int szSpace            /* Size of pSpace[] in bytes */
-){
-  const unsigned char *aKey = (const unsigned char *)pKey;
-  UnpackedRecord *p;  /* The unpacked record that we will return */
-  int nByte;          /* Memory space needed to hold p, in bytes */
-  int d;
-  u32 idx;
-  u16 u;              /* Unsigned loop counter */
-  u32 szHdr;
-  Mem *pMem;
-  int nOff;           /* Increase pSpace by this much to 8-byte align it */
-  
-  /*
-  ** We want to shift the pointer pSpace up such that it is 8-byte aligned.
-  ** Thus, we need to calculate a value, nOff, between 0 and 7, to shift 
-  ** it by.  If pSpace is already 8-byte aligned, nOff should be zero.
-  */
-  nOff = (8 - (SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pSpace) & 7)) & 7;
-  pSpace += nOff;
-  szSpace -= nOff;
-  nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)) + sizeof(Mem)*(pKeyInfo->nField+1);
-  if( nByte>szSpace ){
-    p = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pKeyInfo->db, nByte);
-    if( p==0 ) return 0;
-    p->flags = UNPACKED_NEED_FREE | UNPACKED_NEED_DESTROY;
-  }else{
-    p = (UnpackedRecord*)pSpace;
-    p->flags = UNPACKED_NEED_DESTROY;
-  }
-  p->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
-  p->nField = pKeyInfo->nField + 1;
-  p->aMem = pMem = (Mem*)&((char*)p)[ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord))];
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
-  idx = getVarint32(aKey, szHdr);
-  d = szHdr;
-  u = 0;
-  while( idx<szHdr && u<p->nField && d<=nKey ){
-    u32 serial_type;
-
-    idx += getVarint32(&aKey[idx], serial_type);
-    pMem->enc = pKeyInfo->enc;
-    pMem->db = pKeyInfo->db;
-    pMem->flags = 0;
-    pMem->zMalloc = 0;
-    d += sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey[d], serial_type, pMem);
-    pMem++;
-    u++;
-  }
-  assert( u<=pKeyInfo->nField + 1 );
-  p->nField = u;
-  return (void*)p;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine destroys a UnpackedRecord object.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteUnpackedRecord(UnpackedRecord *p){
-  int i;
-  Mem *pMem;
-
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  assert( p->flags & UNPACKED_NEED_DESTROY );
-  for(i=0, pMem=p->aMem; i<p->nField; i++, pMem++){
-    /* The unpacked record is always constructed by the
-    ** sqlite3VdbeUnpackRecord() function above, which makes all
-    ** strings and blobs static.  And none of the elements are
-    ** ever transformed, so there is never anything to delete.
-    */
-    if( NEVER(pMem->zMalloc) ) sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-  }
-  if( p->flags & UNPACKED_NEED_FREE ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(p->pKeyInfo->db, p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function compares the two table rows or index records
-** specified by {nKey1, pKey1} and pPKey2.  It returns a negative, zero
-** or positive integer if key1 is less than, equal to or 
-** greater than key2.  The {nKey1, pKey1} key must be a blob
-** created by th OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE.  The pPKey2
-** key must be a parsed key such as obtained from
-** sqlite3VdbeParseRecord.
-**
-** Key1 and Key2 do not have to contain the same number of fields.
-** The key with fewer fields is usually compares less than the 
-** longer key.  However if the UNPACKED_INCRKEY flags in pPKey2 is set
-** and the common prefixes are equal, then key1 is less than key2.
-** Or if the UNPACKED_MATCH_PREFIX flag is set and the prefixes are
-** equal, then the keys are considered to be equal and
-** the parts beyond the common prefix are ignored.
-**
-** If the UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID flag is set, then the last byte of
-** the header of pKey1 is ignored.  It is assumed that pKey1 is
-** an index key, and thus ends with a rowid value.  The last byte
-** of the header will therefore be the serial type of the rowid:
-** one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, or 9 - the integer serial types.
-** The serial type of the final rowid will always be a single byte.
-** By ignoring this last byte of the header, we force the comparison
-** to ignore the rowid at the end of key1.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(
-  int nKey1, const void *pKey1, /* Left key */
-  UnpackedRecord *pPKey2        /* Right key */
-){
-  int d1;            /* Offset into aKey[] of next data element */
-  u32 idx1;          /* Offset into aKey[] of next header element */
-  u32 szHdr1;        /* Number of bytes in header */
-  int i = 0;
-  int nField;
-  int rc = 0;
-  const unsigned char *aKey1 = (const unsigned char *)pKey1;
-  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-  Mem mem1;
-
-  pKeyInfo = pPKey2->pKeyInfo;
-  mem1.enc = pKeyInfo->enc;
-  mem1.db = pKeyInfo->db;
-  /* mem1.flags = 0;  // Will be initialized by sqlite3VdbeSerialGet() */
-  VVA_ONLY( mem1.zMalloc = 0; ) /* Only needed by assert() statements */
-
-  /* Compilers may complain that mem1.u.i is potentially uninitialized.
-  ** We could initialize it, as shown here, to silence those complaints.
-  ** But in fact, mem1.u.i will never actually be used initialized, and doing 
-  ** the unnecessary initialization has a measurable negative performance
-  ** impact, since this routine is a very high runner.  And so, we choose
-  ** to ignore the compiler warnings and leave this variable uninitialized.
-  */
-  /*  mem1.u.i = 0;  // not needed, here to silence compiler warning */
-  
-  idx1 = getVarint32(aKey1, szHdr1);
-  d1 = szHdr1;
-  if( pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID ){
-    szHdr1--;
-  }
-  nField = pKeyInfo->nField;
-  while( idx1<szHdr1 && i<pPKey2->nField ){
-    u32 serial_type1;
-
-    /* Read the serial types for the next element in each key. */
-    idx1 += getVarint32( aKey1+idx1, serial_type1 );
-    if( d1>=nKey1 && sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type1)>0 ) break;
-
-    /* Extract the values to be compared.
-    */
-    d1 += sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type1, &mem1);
-
-    /* Do the comparison
-    */
-    rc = sqlite3MemCompare(&mem1, &pPKey2->aMem[i],
-                           i<nField ? pKeyInfo->aColl[i] : 0);
-    if( rc!=0 ){
-      assert( mem1.zMalloc==0 );  /* See comment below */
-
-      /* Invert the result if we are using DESC sort order. */
-      if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder && i<nField && pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i] ){
-        rc = -rc;
-      }
-    
-      /* If the PREFIX_SEARCH flag is set and all fields except the final
-      ** rowid field were equal, then clear the PREFIX_SEARCH flag and set 
-      ** pPKey2->rowid to the value of the rowid field in (pKey1, nKey1).
-      ** This is used by the OP_IsUnique opcode.
-      */
-      if( (pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH) && i==(pPKey2->nField-1) ){
-        assert( idx1==szHdr1 && rc );
-        assert( mem1.flags & MEM_Int );
-        pPKey2->flags &= ~UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH;
-        pPKey2->rowid = mem1.u.i;
-      }
-    
-      return rc;
-    }
-    i++;
-  }
-
-  /* No memory allocation is ever used on mem1.  Prove this using
-  ** the following assert().  If the assert() fails, it indicates a
-  ** memory leak and a need to call sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&mem1).
-  */
-  assert( mem1.zMalloc==0 );
-
-  /* rc==0 here means that one of the keys ran out of fields and
-  ** all the fields up to that point were equal. If the UNPACKED_INCRKEY
-  ** flag is set, then break the tie by treating key2 as larger.
-  ** If the UPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH flag is set, then keys with common prefixes
-  ** are considered to be equal.  Otherwise, the longer key is the 
-  ** larger.  As it happens, the pPKey2 will always be the longer
-  ** if there is a difference.
-  */
-  assert( rc==0 );
-  if( pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_INCRKEY ){
-    rc = -1;
-  }else if( pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH ){
-    /* Leave rc==0 */
-  }else if( idx1<szHdr1 ){
-    rc = 1;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
- 
-
-/*
-** pCur points at an index entry created using the OP_MakeRecord opcode.
-** Read the rowid (the last field in the record) and store it in *rowid.
-** Return SQLITE_OK if everything works, or an error code otherwise.
-**
-** pCur might be pointing to text obtained from a corrupt database file.
-** So the content cannot be trusted.  Do appropriate checks on the content.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(sqlite3 *db, BtCursor *pCur, i64 *rowid){
-  i64 nCellKey = 0;
-  int rc;
-  u32 szHdr;        /* Size of the header */
-  u32 typeRowid;    /* Serial type of the rowid */
-  u32 lenRowid;     /* Size of the rowid */
-  Mem m, v;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
-
-  /* Get the size of the index entry.  Only indices entries of less
-  ** than 2GiB are support - anything large must be database corruption.
-  ** Any corruption is detected in sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr(), though, so
-  ** this code can safely assume that nCellKey is 32-bits  
-  */
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCur) );
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pCur, &nCellKey);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );     /* pCur is always valid so KeySize cannot fail */
-  assert( (nCellKey & SQLITE_MAX_U32)==(u64)nCellKey );
-
-  /* Read in the complete content of the index entry */
-  memset(&m, 0, sizeof(m));
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pCur, 0, (int)nCellKey, 1, &m);
-  if( rc ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* The index entry must begin with a header size */
-  (void)getVarint32((u8*)m.z, szHdr);
-  testcase( szHdr==3 );
-  testcase( szHdr==m.n );
-  if( unlikely(szHdr<3 || (int)szHdr>m.n) ){
-    goto idx_rowid_corruption;
-  }
-
-  /* The last field of the index should be an integer - the ROWID.
-  ** Verify that the last entry really is an integer. */
-  (void)getVarint32((u8*)&m.z[szHdr-1], typeRowid);
-  testcase( typeRowid==1 );
-  testcase( typeRowid==2 );
-  testcase( typeRowid==3 );
-  testcase( typeRowid==4 );
-  testcase( typeRowid==5 );
-  testcase( typeRowid==6 );
-  testcase( typeRowid==8 );
-  testcase( typeRowid==9 );
-  if( unlikely(typeRowid<1 || typeRowid>9 || typeRowid==7) ){
-    goto idx_rowid_corruption;
-  }
-  lenRowid = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(typeRowid);
-  testcase( (u32)m.n==szHdr+lenRowid );
-  if( unlikely((u32)m.n<szHdr+lenRowid) ){
-    goto idx_rowid_corruption;
-  }
-
-  /* Fetch the integer off the end of the index record */
-  sqlite3VdbeSerialGet((u8*)&m.z[m.n-lenRowid], typeRowid, &v);
-  *rowid = v.u.i;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&m);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-
-  /* Jump here if database corruption is detected after m has been
-  ** allocated.  Free the m object and return SQLITE_CORRUPT. */
-idx_rowid_corruption:
-  testcase( m.zMalloc!=0 );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&m);
-  return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-}
-
-/*
-** Compare the key of the index entry that cursor pC is pointing to against
-** the key string in pUnpacked.  Write into *pRes a number
-** that is negative, zero, or positive if pC is less than, equal to,
-** or greater than pUnpacked.  Return SQLITE_OK on success.
-**
-** pUnpacked is either created without a rowid or is truncated so that it
-** omits the rowid at the end.  The rowid at the end of the index entry
-** is ignored as well.  Hence, this routine only compares the prefixes 
-** of the keys prior to the final rowid, not the entire key.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(
-  VdbeCursor *pC,             /* The cursor to compare against */
-  UnpackedRecord *pUnpacked,  /* Unpacked version of key to compare against */
-  int *res                    /* Write the comparison result here */
-){
-  i64 nCellKey = 0;
-  int rc;
-  BtCursor *pCur = pC->pCursor;
-  Mem m;
-
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCur) );
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pCur, &nCellKey);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );    /* pCur is always valid so KeySize cannot fail */
-  /* nCellKey will always be between 0 and 0xffffffff because of the say
-  ** that btreeParseCellPtr() and sqlite3GetVarint32() are implemented */
-  if( nCellKey<=0 || nCellKey>0x7fffffff ){
-    *res = 0;
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-  }
-  memset(&m, 0, sizeof(m));
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pC->pCursor, 0, (int)nCellKey, 1, &m);
-  if( rc ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  assert( pUnpacked->flags & UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID );
-  *res = sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(m.n, m.z, pUnpacked);
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&m);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine sets the value to be returned by subsequent calls to
-** sqlite3_changes() on the database handle 'db'. 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *db, int nChange){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  db->nChange = nChange;
-  db->nTotalChange += nChange;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set a flag in the vdbe to update the change counter when it is finalised
-** or reset.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(Vdbe *v){
-  v->changeCntOn = 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Mark every prepared statement associated with a database connection
-** as expired.
-**
-** An expired statement means that recompilation of the statement is
-** recommend.  Statements expire when things happen that make their
-** programs obsolete.  Removing user-defined functions or collating
-** sequences, or changing an authorization function are the types of
-** things that make prepared statements obsolete.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3 *db){
-  Vdbe *p;
-  for(p = db->pVdbe; p; p=p->pNext){
-    p->expired = 1;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the database associated with the Vdbe.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3 *sqlite3VdbeDb(Vdbe *v){
-  return v->db;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to an sqlite3_value structure containing the value bound
-** parameter iVar of VM v. Except, if the value is an SQL NULL, return 
-** 0 instead. Unless it is NULL, apply affinity aff (one of the SQLITE_AFF_*
-** constants) to the value before returning it.
-**
-** The returned value must be freed by the caller using sqlite3ValueFree().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3VdbeGetValue(Vdbe *v, int iVar, u8 aff){
-  assert( iVar>0 );
-  if( v ){
-    Mem *pMem = &v->aVar[iVar-1];
-    if( 0==(pMem->flags & MEM_Null) ){
-      sqlite3_value *pRet = sqlite3ValueNew(v->db);
-      if( pRet ){
-        sqlite3VdbeMemCopy((Mem *)pRet, pMem);
-        sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pRet, aff, SQLITE_UTF8);
-        sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType((Mem *)pRet);
-      }
-      return pRet;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Configure SQL variable iVar so that binding a new value to it signals
-** to sqlite3_reoptimize() that re-preparing the statement may result
-** in a better query plan.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(Vdbe *v, int iVar){
-  assert( iVar>0 );
-  if( iVar>32 ){
-    v->expmask = 0xffffffff;
-  }else{
-    v->expmask |= ((u32)1 << (iVar-1));
-  }
-}
-
-/************** End of vdbeaux.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file vdbeapi.c *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2004 May 26
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains code use to implement APIs that are part of the
-** VDBE.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-/*
-** Return TRUE (non-zero) of the statement supplied as an argument needs
-** to be recompiled.  A statement needs to be recompiled whenever the
-** execution environment changes in a way that would alter the program
-** that sqlite3_prepare() generates.  For example, if new functions or
-** collating sequences are registered or if an authorizer function is
-** added or changed.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
-  return p==0 || p->expired;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Check on a Vdbe to make sure it has not been finalized.  Log
-** an error and return true if it has been finalized (or is otherwise
-** invalid).  Return false if it is ok.
-*/
-static int vdbeSafety(Vdbe *p){
-  if( p->db==0 ){
-    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, "API called with finalized prepared statement");
-    return 1;
-  }else{
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-static int vdbeSafetyNotNull(Vdbe *p){
-  if( p==0 ){
-    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, "API called with NULL prepared statement");
-    return 1;
-  }else{
-    return vdbeSafety(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The following routine destroys a virtual machine that is created by
-** the sqlite3_compile() routine. The integer returned is an SQLITE_
-** success/failure code that describes the result of executing the virtual
-** machine.
-**
-** This routine sets the error code and string returned by
-** sqlite3_errcode(), sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
-  int rc;
-  if( pStmt==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    Vdbe *v = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
-    sqlite3 *db = v->db;
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-    sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
-#endif
-    if( vdbeSafety(v) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-    mutex = v->db->mutex;
-#endif
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeFinalize(v);
-    rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Terminate the current execution of an SQL statement and reset it
-** back to its starting state so that it can be reused. A success code from
-** the prior execution is returned.
-**
-** This routine sets the error code and string returned by
-** sqlite3_errcode(), sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
-  int rc;
-  if( pStmt==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    Vdbe *v = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(v->db->mutex);
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeReset(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-    assert( (rc & (v->db->errMask))==rc );
-    rc = sqlite3ApiExit(v->db, rc);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(v->db->mutex);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set all the parameters in the compiled SQL statement to NULL.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
-  int i;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = ((Vdbe*)pStmt)->db->mutex;
-#endif
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-  for(i=0; i<p->nVar; i++){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&p->aVar[i]);
-    p->aVar[i].flags = MEM_Null;
-  }
-  if( p->isPrepareV2 && p->expmask ){
-    p->expired = 1;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/**************************** sqlite3_value_  *******************************
-** The following routines extract information from a Mem or sqlite3_value
-** structure.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  Mem *p = (Mem*)pVal;
-  if( p->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str) ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(p);
-    p->flags &= ~MEM_Str;
-    p->flags |= MEM_Blob;
-    return p->z;
-  }else{
-    return sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
-  }
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  return sqlite3ValueBytes(pVal, SQLITE_UTF8);
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  return sqlite3ValueBytes(pVal, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
-}
-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  return sqlite3VdbeRealValue((Mem*)pVal);
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  return (int)sqlite3VdbeIntValue((Mem*)pVal);
-}
-SQLITE_API sqlite_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  return sqlite3VdbeIntValue((Mem*)pVal);
-}
-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  return (const unsigned char *)sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF8);
-}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value* pVal){
-  return sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
-}
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  return sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF16BE);
-}
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  return sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF16LE);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value* pVal){
-  return pVal->type;
-}
-
-/**************************** sqlite3_result_  *******************************
-** The following routines are used by user-defined functions to specify
-** the function result.
-**
-** The setStrOrError() funtion calls sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr() to store the
-** result as a string or blob but if the string or blob is too large, it
-** then sets the error code to SQLITE_TOOBIG
-*/
-static void setResultStrOrError(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx,  /* Function context */
-  const char *z,          /* String pointer */
-  int n,                  /* Bytes in string, or negative */
-  u8 enc,                 /* Encoding of z.  0 for BLOBs */
-  void (*xDel)(void*)     /* Destructor function */
-){
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(&pCtx->s, z, n, enc, xDel)==SQLITE_TOOBIG ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_toobig(pCtx);
-  }
-}
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const void *z, 
-  int n, 
-  void (*xDel)(void *)
-){
-  assert( n>=0 );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, 0, xDel);
-}
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context *pCtx, double rVal){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(&pCtx->s, rVal);
-}
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context *pCtx, const char *z, int n){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  pCtx->isError = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(&pCtx->s, z, n, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context *pCtx, const void *z, int n){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  pCtx->isError = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(&pCtx->s, z, n, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-}
-#endif
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int iVal){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&pCtx->s, (i64)iVal);
-}
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context *pCtx, i64 iVal){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&pCtx->s, iVal);
-}
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(&pCtx->s);
-}
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const char *z, 
-  int n,
-  void (*xDel)(void *)
-){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, SQLITE_UTF8, xDel);
-}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const void *z, 
-  int n, 
-  void (*xDel)(void *)
-){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, xDel);
-}
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const void *z, 
-  int n, 
-  void (*xDel)(void *)
-){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, SQLITE_UTF16BE, xDel);
-}
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const void *z, 
-  int n, 
-  void (*xDel)(void *)
-){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, SQLITE_UTF16LE, xDel);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context *pCtx, sqlite3_value *pValue){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(&pCtx->s, pValue);
-}
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int n){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(&pCtx->s, n);
-}
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int errCode){
-  pCtx->isError = errCode;
-  if( pCtx->s.flags & MEM_Null ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(&pCtx->s, sqlite3ErrStr(errCode), -1, 
-                         SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Force an SQLITE_TOOBIG error. */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  pCtx->isError = SQLITE_TOOBIG;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(&pCtx->s, "string or blob too big", -1, 
-                       SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
-}
-
-/* An SQLITE_NOMEM error. */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(&pCtx->s);
-  pCtx->isError = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  pCtx->s.db->mallocFailed = 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Execute the statement pStmt, either until a row of data is ready, the
-** statement is completely executed or an error occurs.
-**
-** This routine implements the bulk of the logic behind the sqlite_step()
-** API.  The only thing omitted is the automatic recompile if a 
-** schema change has occurred.  That detail is handled by the
-** outer sqlite3_step() wrapper procedure.
-*/
-static int sqlite3Step(Vdbe *p){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  int rc;
-
-  assert(p);
-  if( p->magic!=VDBE_MAGIC_RUN ){
-    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, 
-          "attempt to step a halted statement: [%s]", p->zSql);
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-
-  /* Check that malloc() has not failed. If it has, return early. */
-  db = p->db;
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  if( p->pc<=0 && p->expired ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    goto end_of_step;
-  }
-  if( p->pc<0 ){
-    /* If there are no other statements currently running, then
-    ** reset the interrupt flag.  This prevents a call to sqlite3_interrupt
-    ** from interrupting a statement that has not yet started.
-    */
-    if( db->activeVdbeCnt==0 ){
-      db->u1.isInterrupted = 0;
-    }
-
-    assert( db->writeVdbeCnt>0 || db->autoCommit==0 || db->nDeferredCons==0 );
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-    if( db->xProfile && !db->init.busy ){
-      double rNow;
-      sqlite3OsCurrentTime(db->pVfs, &rNow);
-      p->startTime = (u64)((rNow - (int)rNow)*3600.0*24.0*1000000000.0);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    db->activeVdbeCnt++;
-    if( p->readOnly==0 ) db->writeVdbeCnt++;
-    p->pc = 0;
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
-  if( p->explain ){
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeList(p);
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */
-  {
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeExec(p);
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-  /* Invoke the profile callback if there is one
-  */
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW && db->xProfile && !db->init.busy && p->zSql ){
-    double rNow;
-    u64 elapseTime;
-
-    sqlite3OsCurrentTime(db->pVfs, &rNow);
-    elapseTime = (u64)((rNow - (int)rNow)*3600.0*24.0*1000000000.0);
-    elapseTime -= p->startTime;
-    db->xProfile(db->pProfileArg, p->zSql, elapseTime);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  db->errCode = rc;
-  if( SQLITE_NOMEM==sqlite3ApiExit(p->db, p->rc) ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-end_of_step:
-  /* At this point local variable rc holds the value that should be 
-  ** returned if this statement was compiled using the legacy 
-  ** sqlite3_prepare() interface. According to the docs, this can only
-  ** be one of the values in the first assert() below. Variable p->rc 
-  ** contains the value that would be returned if sqlite3_finalize() 
-  ** were called on statement p.
-  */
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_ROW  || rc==SQLITE_DONE   || rc==SQLITE_ERROR 
-       || rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_MISUSE
-  );
-  assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_ROW && p->rc!=SQLITE_DONE );
-  if( p->isPrepareV2 && rc!=SQLITE_ROW && rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
-    /* If this statement was prepared using sqlite3_prepare_v2(), and an
-    ** error has occured, then return the error code in p->rc to the
-    ** caller. Set the error code in the database handle to the same value.
-    */ 
-    rc = db->errCode = p->rc;
-  }
-  return (rc&db->errMask);
-}
-
-/*
-** This is the top-level implementation of sqlite3_step().  Call
-** sqlite3Step() to do most of the work.  If a schema error occurs,
-** call sqlite3Reprepare() and try again.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;      /* Result from sqlite3Step() */
-  int rc2 = SQLITE_OK;     /* Result from sqlite3Reprepare() */
-  Vdbe *v = (Vdbe*)pStmt;  /* the prepared statement */
-  int cnt = 0;             /* Counter to prevent infinite loop of reprepares */
-  sqlite3 *db;             /* The database connection */
-
-  if( vdbeSafetyNotNull(v) ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  db = v->db;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  while( (rc = sqlite3Step(v))==SQLITE_SCHEMA
-         && cnt++ < 5
-         && (rc2 = rc = sqlite3Reprepare(v))==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-    v->expired = 0;
-  }
-  if( rc2!=SQLITE_OK && ALWAYS(v->isPrepareV2) && ALWAYS(db->pErr) ){
-    /* This case occurs after failing to recompile an sql statement. 
-    ** The error message from the SQL compiler has already been loaded 
-    ** into the database handle. This block copies the error message 
-    ** from the database handle into the statement and sets the statement
-    ** program counter to 0 to ensure that when the statement is 
-    ** finalized or reset the parser error message is available via
-    ** sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errcode().
-    */
-    const char *zErr = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr); 
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, v->zErrMsg);
-    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-      v->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zErr);
-      v->rc = rc2;
-    } else {
-      v->zErrMsg = 0;
-      v->rc = rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Extract the user data from a sqlite3_context structure and return a
-** pointer to it.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context *p){
-  assert( p && p->pFunc );
-  return p->pFunc->pUserData;
-}
-
-/*
-** Extract the user data from a sqlite3_context structure and return a
-** pointer to it.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context *p){
-  assert( p && p->pFunc );
-  return p->s.db;
-}
-
-/*
-** The following is the implementation of an SQL function that always
-** fails with an error message stating that the function is used in the
-** wrong context.  The sqlite3_overload_function() API might construct
-** SQL function that use this routine so that the functions will exist
-** for name resolution but are actually overloaded by the xFindFunction
-** method of virtual tables.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3InvalidFunction(
-  sqlite3_context *context,  /* The function calling context */
-  int NotUsed,               /* Number of arguments to the function */
-  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2   /* Value of each argument */
-){
-  const char *zName = context->pFunc->zName;
-  char *zErr;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  zErr = sqlite3_mprintf(
-      "unable to use function %s in the requested context", zName);
-  sqlite3_result_error(context, zErr, -1);
-  sqlite3_free(zErr);
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate or return the aggregate context for a user function.  A new
-** context is allocated on the first call.  Subsequent calls return the
-** same context that was returned on prior calls.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context *p, int nByte){
-  Mem *pMem;
-  assert( p && p->pFunc && p->pFunc->xStep );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->s.db->mutex) );
-  pMem = p->pMem;
-  testcase( nByte<0 );
-  if( (pMem->flags & MEM_Agg)==0 ){
-    if( nByte<=0 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(pMem);
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
-      pMem->z = 0;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, nByte, 0);
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Agg;
-      pMem->u.pDef = p->pFunc;
-      if( pMem->z ){
-        memset(pMem->z, 0, nByte);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return (void*)pMem->z;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the auxilary data pointer, if any, for the iArg'th argument to
-** the user-function defined by pCtx.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int iArg){
-  VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  pVdbeFunc = pCtx->pVdbeFunc;
-  if( !pVdbeFunc || iArg>=pVdbeFunc->nAux || iArg<0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return pVdbeFunc->apAux[iArg].pAux;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the auxilary data pointer and delete function, for the iArg'th
-** argument to the user-function defined by pCtx. Any previous value is
-** deleted by calling the delete function specified when it was set.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  int iArg, 
-  void *pAux, 
-  void (*xDelete)(void*)
-){
-  struct AuxData *pAuxData;
-  VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc;
-  if( iArg<0 ) goto failed;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->s.db->mutex) );
-  pVdbeFunc = pCtx->pVdbeFunc;
-  if( !pVdbeFunc || pVdbeFunc->nAux<=iArg ){
-    int nAux = (pVdbeFunc ? pVdbeFunc->nAux : 0);
-    int nMalloc = sizeof(VdbeFunc) + sizeof(struct AuxData)*iArg;
-    pVdbeFunc = sqlite3DbRealloc(pCtx->s.db, pVdbeFunc, nMalloc);
-    if( !pVdbeFunc ){
-      goto failed;
-    }
-    pCtx->pVdbeFunc = pVdbeFunc;
-    memset(&pVdbeFunc->apAux[nAux], 0, sizeof(struct AuxData)*(iArg+1-nAux));
-    pVdbeFunc->nAux = iArg+1;
-    pVdbeFunc->pFunc = pCtx->pFunc;
-  }
-
-  pAuxData = &pVdbeFunc->apAux[iArg];
-  if( pAuxData->pAux && pAuxData->xDelete ){
-    pAuxData->xDelete(pAuxData->pAux);
-  }
-  pAuxData->pAux = pAux;
-  pAuxData->xDelete = xDelete;
-  return;
-
-failed:
-  if( xDelete ){
-    xDelete(pAux);
-  }
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-/*
-** Return the number of times the Step function of a aggregate has been 
-** called.
-**
-** This function is deprecated.  Do not use it for new code.  It is
-** provide only to avoid breaking legacy code.  New aggregate function
-** implementations should keep their own counts within their aggregate
-** context.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context *p){
-  assert( p && p->pMem && p->pFunc && p->pFunc->xStep );
-  return p->pMem->n;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return the number of columns in the result set for the statement pStmt.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
-  Vdbe *pVm = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
-  return pVm ? pVm->nResColumn : 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of values available from the current row of the
-** currently executing statement pStmt.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
-  Vdbe *pVm = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
-  if( pVm==0 || pVm->pResultSet==0 ) return 0;
-  return pVm->nResColumn;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Check to see if column iCol of the given statement is valid.  If
-** it is, return a pointer to the Mem for the value of that column.
-** If iCol is not valid, return a pointer to a Mem which has a value
-** of NULL.
-*/
-static Mem *columnMem(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  Vdbe *pVm;
-  int vals;
-  Mem *pOut;
-
-  pVm = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
-  if( pVm && pVm->pResultSet!=0 && i<pVm->nResColumn && i>=0 ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(pVm->db->mutex);
-    vals = sqlite3_data_count(pStmt);
-    pOut = &pVm->pResultSet[i];
-  }else{
-    /* If the value passed as the second argument is out of range, return
-    ** a pointer to the following static Mem object which contains the
-    ** value SQL NULL. Even though the Mem structure contains an element
-    ** of type i64, on certain architecture (x86) with certain compiler
-    ** switches (-Os), gcc may align this Mem object on a 4-byte boundary
-    ** instead of an 8-byte one. This all works fine, except that when
-    ** running with SQLITE_DEBUG defined the SQLite code sometimes assert()s
-    ** that a Mem structure is located on an 8-byte boundary. To prevent
-    ** this assert() from failing, when building with SQLITE_DEBUG defined
-    ** using gcc, force nullMem to be 8-byte aligned using the magical
-    ** __attribute__((aligned(8))) macro.  */
-    static const Mem nullMem 
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && defined(__GNUC__)
-      __attribute__((aligned(8))) 
-#endif
-      = {{0}, (double)0, 0, "", 0, MEM_Null, SQLITE_NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
-
-    if( pVm && ALWAYS(pVm->db) ){
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(pVm->db->mutex);
-      sqlite3Error(pVm->db, SQLITE_RANGE, 0);
-    }
-    pOut = (Mem*)&nullMem;
-  }
-  return pOut;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called after invoking an sqlite3_value_XXX function on a 
-** column value (i.e. a value returned by evaluating an SQL expression in the
-** select list of a SELECT statement) that may cause a malloc() failure. If 
-** malloc() has failed, the threads mallocFailed flag is cleared and the result
-** code of statement pStmt set to SQLITE_NOMEM.
-**
-** Specifically, this is called from within:
-**
-**     sqlite3_column_int()
-**     sqlite3_column_int64()
-**     sqlite3_column_text()
-**     sqlite3_column_text16()
-**     sqlite3_column_real()
-**     sqlite3_column_bytes()
-**     sqlite3_column_bytes16()
-**
-** But not for sqlite3_column_blob(), which never calls malloc().
-*/
-static void columnMallocFailure(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt)
-{
-  /* If malloc() failed during an encoding conversion within an
-  ** sqlite3_column_XXX API, then set the return code of the statement to
-  ** SQLITE_NOMEM. The next call to _step() (if any) will return SQLITE_ERROR
-  ** and _finalize() will return NOMEM.
-  */
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
-  if( p ){
-    p->rc = sqlite3ApiExit(p->db, p->rc);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
-  }
-}
-
-/**************************** sqlite3_column_  *******************************
-** The following routines are used to access elements of the current row
-** in the result set.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  const void *val;
-  val = sqlite3_value_blob( columnMem(pStmt,i) );
-  /* Even though there is no encoding conversion, value_blob() might
-  ** need to call malloc() to expand the result of a zeroblob() 
-  ** expression. 
-  */
-  columnMallocFailure(pStmt);
-  return val;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  int val = sqlite3_value_bytes( columnMem(pStmt,i) );
-  columnMallocFailure(pStmt);
-  return val;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  int val = sqlite3_value_bytes16( columnMem(pStmt,i) );
-  columnMallocFailure(pStmt);
-  return val;
-}
-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  double val = sqlite3_value_double( columnMem(pStmt,i) );
-  columnMallocFailure(pStmt);
-  return val;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  int val = sqlite3_value_int( columnMem(pStmt,i) );
-  columnMallocFailure(pStmt);
-  return val;
-}
-SQLITE_API sqlite_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  sqlite_int64 val = sqlite3_value_int64( columnMem(pStmt,i) );
-  columnMallocFailure(pStmt);
-  return val;
-}
-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  const unsigned char *val = sqlite3_value_text( columnMem(pStmt,i) );
-  columnMallocFailure(pStmt);
-  return val;
-}
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  Mem *pOut = columnMem(pStmt, i);
-  if( pOut->flags&MEM_Static ){
-    pOut->flags &= ~MEM_Static;
-    pOut->flags |= MEM_Ephem;
-  }
-  columnMallocFailure(pStmt);
-  return (sqlite3_value *)pOut;
-}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  const void *val = sqlite3_value_text16( columnMem(pStmt,i) );
-  columnMallocFailure(pStmt);
-  return val;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  int iType = sqlite3_value_type( columnMem(pStmt,i) );
-  columnMallocFailure(pStmt);
-  return iType;
-}
-
-/* The following function is experimental and subject to change or
-** removal */
-/*int sqlite3_column_numeric_type(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-**  return sqlite3_value_numeric_type( columnMem(pStmt,i) );
-**}
-*/
-
-/*
-** Convert the N-th element of pStmt->pColName[] into a string using
-** xFunc() then return that string.  If N is out of range, return 0.
-**
-** There are up to 5 names for each column.  useType determines which
-** name is returned.  Here are the names:
-**
-**    0      The column name as it should be displayed for output
-**    1      The datatype name for the column
-**    2      The name of the database that the column derives from
-**    3      The name of the table that the column derives from
-**    4      The name of the table column that the result column derives from
-**
-** If the result is not a simple column reference (if it is an expression
-** or a constant) then useTypes 2, 3, and 4 return NULL.
-*/
-static const void *columnName(
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
-  int N,
-  const void *(*xFunc)(Mem*),
-  int useType
-){
-  const void *ret = 0;
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
-  int n;
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-  
-  assert( db!=0 );
-  n = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
-  if( N<n && N>=0 ){
-    N += useType*n;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-    assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
-    ret = xFunc(&p->aColName[N]);
-     /* A malloc may have failed inside of the xFunc() call. If this
-    ** is the case, clear the mallocFailed flag and return NULL.
-    */
-    if( db->mallocFailed ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 0;
-      ret = 0;
-    }
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  }
-  return ret;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the name of the Nth column of the result set returned by SQL
-** statement pStmt.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text, COLNAME_NAME);
-}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text16, COLNAME_NAME);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Constraint:  If you have ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA then you must
-** not define OMIT_DECLTYPE.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA)
-# error "Must not define both SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE \
-         and SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA"
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
-/*
-** Return the column declaration type (if applicable) of the 'i'th column
-** of the result set of SQL statement pStmt.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text, COLNAME_DECLTYPE);
-}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text16, COLNAME_DECLTYPE);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
-/*
-** Return the name of the database from which a result column derives.
-** NULL is returned if the result column is an expression or constant or
-** anything else which is not an unabiguous reference to a database column.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text, COLNAME_DATABASE);
-}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text16, COLNAME_DATABASE);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-
-/*
-** Return the name of the table from which a result column derives.
-** NULL is returned if the result column is an expression or constant or
-** anything else which is not an unabiguous reference to a database column.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text, COLNAME_TABLE);
-}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text16, COLNAME_TABLE);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-
-/*
-** Return the name of the table column from which a result column derives.
-** NULL is returned if the result column is an expression or constant or
-** anything else which is not an unabiguous reference to a database column.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text, COLNAME_COLUMN);
-}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text16, COLNAME_COLUMN);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA */
-
-
-/******************************* sqlite3_bind_  ***************************
-** 
-** Routines used to attach values to wildcards in a compiled SQL statement.
-*/
-/*
-** Unbind the value bound to variable i in virtual machine p. This is the 
-** the same as binding a NULL value to the column. If the "i" parameter is
-** out of range, then SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Othewise SQLITE_OK.
-**
-** A successful evaluation of this routine acquires the mutex on p.
-** the mutex is released if any kind of error occurs.
-**
-** The error code stored in database p->db is overwritten with the return
-** value in any case.
-*/
-static int vdbeUnbind(Vdbe *p, int i){
-  Mem *pVar;
-  if( vdbeSafetyNotNull(p) ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->db->mutex);
-  if( p->magic!=VDBE_MAGIC_RUN || p->pc>=0 ){
-    sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_MISUSE, 0);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
-    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, 
-        "bind on a busy prepared statement: [%s]", p->zSql);
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  if( i<1 || i>p->nVar ){
-    sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_RANGE, 0);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
-    return SQLITE_RANGE;
-  }
-  i--;
-  pVar = &p->aVar[i];
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pVar);
-  pVar->flags = MEM_Null;
-  sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_OK, 0);
-
-  /* If the bit corresponding to this variable in Vdbe.expmask is set, then 
-  ** binding a new value to this variable invalidates the current query plan.
-  */
-  if( p->isPrepareV2 &&
-     ((i<32 && p->expmask & ((u32)1 << i)) || p->expmask==0xffffffff)
-  ){
-    p->expired = 1;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Bind a text or BLOB value.
-*/
-static int bindText(
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,   /* The statement to bind against */
-  int i,                 /* Index of the parameter to bind */
-  const void *zData,     /* Pointer to the data to be bound */
-  int nData,             /* Number of bytes of data to be bound */
-  void (*xDel)(void*),   /* Destructor for the data */
-  u8 encoding            /* Encoding for the data */
-){
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
-  Mem *pVar;
-  int rc;
-
-  rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( zData!=0 ){
-      pVar = &p->aVar[i-1];
-      rc = sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pVar, zData, nData, encoding, xDel);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && encoding!=0 ){
-        rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pVar, ENC(p->db));
-      }
-      sqlite3Error(p->db, rc, 0);
-      rc = sqlite3ApiExit(p->db, rc);
-    }
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Bind a blob value to an SQL statement variable.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
-  int i, 
-  const void *zData, 
-  int nData, 
-  void (*xDel)(void*)
-){
-  return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, nData, xDel, 0);
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, double rValue){
-  int rc;
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
-  rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(&p->aVar[i-1], rValue);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt *p, int i, int iValue){
-  return sqlite3_bind_int64(p, i, (i64)iValue);
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, sqlite_int64 iValue){
-  int rc;
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
-  rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&p->aVar[i-1], iValue);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  int rc;
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
-  rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text( 
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
-  int i, 
-  const char *zData, 
-  int nData, 
-  void (*xDel)(void*)
-){
-  return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, nData, xDel, SQLITE_UTF8);
-}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
-  int i, 
-  const void *zData, 
-  int nData, 
-  void (*xDel)(void*)
-){
-  return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, nData, xDel, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, const sqlite3_value *pValue){
-  int rc;
-  switch( pValue->type ){
-    case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
-      rc = sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, i, pValue->u.i);
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
-      rc = sqlite3_bind_double(pStmt, i, pValue->r);
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_BLOB: {
-      if( pValue->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-        rc = sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(pStmt, i, pValue->u.nZero);
-      }else{
-        rc = sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, i, pValue->z, pValue->n,SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_TEXT: {
-      rc = bindText(pStmt,i,  pValue->z, pValue->n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT,
-                              pValue->enc);
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      rc = sqlite3_bind_null(pStmt, i);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, int n){
-  int rc;
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
-  rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(&p->aVar[i-1], n);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of wildcards that can be potentially bound to.
-** This routine is added to support DBD::SQLite.  
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
-  return p ? p->nVar : 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a mapping from variable numbers to variable names
-** in the Vdbe.azVar[] array, if such a mapping does not already
-** exist.
-*/
-static void createVarMap(Vdbe *p){
-  if( !p->okVar ){
-    int j;
-    Op *pOp;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->db->mutex);
-    /* The race condition here is harmless.  If two threads call this
-    ** routine on the same Vdbe at the same time, they both might end
-    ** up initializing the Vdbe.azVar[] array.  That is a little extra
-    ** work but it results in the same answer.
-    */
-    for(j=0, pOp=p->aOp; j<p->nOp; j++, pOp++){
-      if( pOp->opcode==OP_Variable ){
-        assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nVar );
-        p->azVar[pOp->p1-1] = pOp->p4.z;
-      }
-    }
-    p->okVar = 1;
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the name of a wildcard parameter.  Return NULL if the index
-** is out of range or if the wildcard is unnamed.
-**
-** The result is always UTF-8.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
-  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
-  if( p==0 || i<1 || i>p->nVar ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  createVarMap(p);
-  return p->azVar[i-1];
-}
-
-/*
-** Given a wildcard parameter name, return the index of the variable
-** with that name.  If there is no variable with the given name,
-** return 0.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe *p, const char *zName, int nName){
-  int i;
-  if( p==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  createVarMap(p); 
-  if( zName ){
-    for(i=0; i<p->nVar; i++){
-      const char *z = p->azVar[i];
-      if( z && memcmp(z,zName,nName)==0 && z[nName]==0 ){
-        return i+1;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, const char *zName){
-  return sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex((Vdbe*)pStmt, zName, sqlite3Strlen30(zName));
-}
-
-/*
-** Transfer all bindings from the first statement over to the second.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *pFromStmt, sqlite3_stmt *pToStmt){
-  Vdbe *pFrom = (Vdbe*)pFromStmt;
-  Vdbe *pTo = (Vdbe*)pToStmt;
-  int i;
-  assert( pTo->db==pFrom->db );
-  assert( pTo->nVar==pFrom->nVar );
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pTo->db->mutex);
-  for(i=0; i<pFrom->nVar; i++){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemMove(&pTo->aVar[i], &pFrom->aVar[i]);
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pTo->db->mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-/*
-** Deprecated external interface.  Internal/core SQLite code
-** should call sqlite3TransferBindings.
-**
-** Is is misuse to call this routine with statements from different
-** database connections.  But as this is a deprecated interface, we
-** will not bother to check for that condition.
-**
-** If the two statements contain a different number of bindings, then
-** an SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  Nothing else can go wrong, so otherwise
-** SQLITE_OK is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt *pFromStmt, sqlite3_stmt *pToStmt){
-  Vdbe *pFrom = (Vdbe*)pFromStmt;
-  Vdbe *pTo = (Vdbe*)pToStmt;
-  if( pFrom->nVar!=pTo->nVar ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  if( pTo->isPrepareV2 && pTo->expmask ){
-    pTo->expired = 1;
-  }
-  if( pFrom->isPrepareV2 && pFrom->expmask ){
-    pFrom->expired = 1;
-  }
-  return sqlite3TransferBindings(pFromStmt, pToStmt);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return the sqlite3* database handle to which the prepared statement given
-** in the argument belongs.  This is the same database handle that was
-** the first argument to the sqlite3_prepare() that was used to create
-** the statement in the first place.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
-  return pStmt ? ((Vdbe*)pStmt)->db : 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the next prepared statement after pStmt associated
-** with database connection pDb.  If pStmt is NULL, return the first
-** prepared statement for the database connection.  Return NULL if there
-** are no more.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pNext;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pDb->mutex);
-  if( pStmt==0 ){
-    pNext = (sqlite3_stmt*)pDb->pVdbe;
-  }else{
-    pNext = (sqlite3_stmt*)((Vdbe*)pStmt)->pNext;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pDb->mutex);
-  return pNext;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the value of a status counter for a prepared statement
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int op, int resetFlag){
-  Vdbe *pVdbe = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
-  int v = pVdbe->aCounter[op-1];
-  if( resetFlag ) pVdbe->aCounter[op-1] = 0;
-  return v;
-}
-
-/************** End of vdbeapi.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file vdbetrace.c ***************************************/
-/*
-** 2009 November 25
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains code used to insert the values of host parameters
-** (aka "wildcards") into the SQL text output by sqlite3_trace().
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-
-/*
-** zSql is a zero-terminated string of UTF-8 SQL text.  Return the number of
-** bytes in this text up to but excluding the first character in
-** a host parameter.  If the text contains no host parameters, return
-** the total number of bytes in the text.
-*/
-static int findNextHostParameter(const char *zSql, int *pnToken){
-  int tokenType;
-  int nTotal = 0;
-  int n;
-
-  *pnToken = 0;
-  while( zSql[0] ){
-    n = sqlite3GetToken((u8*)zSql, &tokenType);
-    assert( n>0 && tokenType!=TK_ILLEGAL );
-    if( tokenType==TK_VARIABLE ){
-      *pnToken = n;
-      break;
-    }
-    nTotal += n;
-    zSql += n;
-  }
-  return nTotal;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to a string in memory obtained form sqlite3DbMalloc() which
-** holds a copy of zRawSql but with host parameters expanded to their
-** current bindings.
-**
-** The calling function is responsible for making sure the memory returned
-** is eventually freed.
-**
-** ALGORITHM:  Scan the input string looking for host parameters in any of
-** these forms:  ?, ?N, $A, @A, :A.  Take care to avoid text within
-** string literals, quoted identifier names, and comments.  For text forms,
-** the host parameter index is found by scanning the perpared
-** statement for the corresponding OP_Variable opcode.  Once the host
-** parameter index is known, locate the value in p->aVar[].  Then render
-** the value as a literal in place of the host parameter name.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(
-  Vdbe *p,                 /* The prepared statement being evaluated */
-  const char *zRawSql      /* Raw text of the SQL statement */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db;             /* The database connection */
-  int idx = 0;             /* Index of a host parameter */
-  int nextIndex = 1;       /* Index of next ? host parameter */
-  int n;                   /* Length of a token prefix */
-  int nToken;              /* Length of the parameter token */
-  int i;                   /* Loop counter */
-  Mem *pVar;               /* Value of a host parameter */
-  StrAccum out;            /* Accumulate the output here */
-  char zBase[100];         /* Initial working space */
-
-  db = p->db;
-  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&out, zBase, sizeof(zBase), 
-                      db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]);
-  out.db = db;
-  while( zRawSql[0] ){
-    n = findNextHostParameter(zRawSql, &nToken);
-    assert( n>0 );
-    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&out, zRawSql, n);
-    zRawSql += n;
-    assert( zRawSql[0] || nToken==0 );
-    if( nToken==0 ) break;
-    if( zRawSql[0]=='?' ){
-      if( nToken>1 ){
-        assert( sqlite3Isdigit(zRawSql[1]) );
-        sqlite3GetInt32(&zRawSql[1], &idx);
-      }else{
-        idx = nextIndex;
-      }
-    }else{
-      assert( zRawSql[0]==':' || zRawSql[0]=='$' || zRawSql[0]=='@' );
-      testcase( zRawSql[0]==':' );
-      testcase( zRawSql[0]=='$' );
-      testcase( zRawSql[0]=='@' );
-      idx = sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(p, zRawSql, nToken);
-      assert( idx>0 );
-    }
-    zRawSql += nToken;
-    nextIndex = idx + 1;
-    assert( idx>0 && idx<=p->nVar );
-    pVar = &p->aVar[idx-1];
-    if( pVar->flags & MEM_Null ){
-      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&out, "NULL", 4);
-    }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Int ){
-      sqlite3XPrintf(&out, "%lld", pVar->u.i);
-    }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Real ){
-      sqlite3XPrintf(&out, "%!.15g", pVar->r);
-    }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Str ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-      u8 enc = ENC(db);
-      if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-        Mem utf8;
-        memset(&utf8, 0, sizeof(utf8));
-        utf8.db = db;
-        sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(&utf8, pVar->z, pVar->n, enc, SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&utf8, SQLITE_UTF8);
-        sqlite3XPrintf(&out, "'%.*q'", utf8.n, utf8.z);
-        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&utf8);
-      }else
-#endif
-      {
-        sqlite3XPrintf(&out, "'%.*q'", pVar->n, pVar->z);
-      }
-    }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-      sqlite3XPrintf(&out, "zeroblob(%d)", pVar->u.nZero);
-    }else{
-      assert( pVar->flags & MEM_Blob );
-      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&out, "x'", 2);
-      for(i=0; i<pVar->n; i++){
-        sqlite3XPrintf(&out, "%02x", pVar->z[i]&0xff);
-      }
-      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&out, "'", 1);
-    }
-  }
-  return sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&out);
-}
-
-#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE */
-
-/************** End of vdbetrace.c *******************************************/
-/************** Begin file vdbe.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** The code in this file implements execution method of the 
-** Virtual Database Engine (VDBE).  A separate file ("vdbeaux.c")
-** handles housekeeping details such as creating and deleting
-** VDBE instances.  This file is solely interested in executing
-** the VDBE program.
-**
-** In the external interface, an "sqlite3_stmt*" is an opaque pointer
-** to a VDBE.
-**
-** The SQL parser generates a program which is then executed by
-** the VDBE to do the work of the SQL statement.  VDBE programs are 
-** similar in form to assembly language.  The program consists of
-** a linear sequence of operations.  Each operation has an opcode 
-** and 5 operands.  Operands P1, P2, and P3 are integers.  Operand P4 
-** is a null-terminated string.  Operand P5 is an unsigned character.
-** Few opcodes use all 5 operands.
-**
-** Computation results are stored on a set of registers numbered beginning
-** with 1 and going up to Vdbe.nMem.  Each register can store
-** either an integer, a null-terminated string, a floating point
-** number, or the SQL "NULL" value.  An implicit conversion from one
-** type to the other occurs as necessary.
-** 
-** Most of the code in this file is taken up by the sqlite3VdbeExec()
-** function which does the work of interpreting a VDBE program.
-** But other routines are also provided to help in building up
-** a program instruction by instruction.
-**
-** Various scripts scan this source file in order to generate HTML
-** documentation, headers files, or other derived files.  The formatting
-** of the code in this file is, therefore, important.  See other comments
-** in this file for details.  If in doubt, do not deviate from existing
-** commenting and indentation practices when changing or adding code.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The following global variable is incremented every time a cursor
-** moves, either by the OP_SeekXX, OP_Next, or OP_Prev opcodes.  The test
-** procedures use this information to make sure that indices are
-** working correctly.  This variable has no function other than to
-** help verify the correct operation of the library.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_search_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** When this global variable is positive, it gets decremented once before
-** each instruction in the VDBE.  When reaches zero, the u1.isInterrupted
-** field of the sqlite3 structure is set in order to simulate and interrupt.
-**
-** This facility is used for testing purposes only.  It does not function
-** in an ordinary build.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_interrupt_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The next global variable is incremented each type the OP_Sort opcode
-** is executed.  The test procedures use this information to make sure that
-** sorting is occurring or not occurring at appropriate times.   This variable
-** has no function other than to help verify the correct operation of the
-** library.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sort_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The next global variable records the size of the largest MEM_Blob
-** or MEM_Str that has been used by a VDBE opcode.  The test procedures
-** use this information to make sure that the zero-blob functionality
-** is working correctly.   This variable has no function other than to
-** help verify the correct operation of the library.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_max_blobsize = 0;
-static void updateMaxBlobsize(Mem *p){
-  if( (p->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))!=0 && p->n>sqlite3_max_blobsize ){
-    sqlite3_max_blobsize = p->n;
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The next global variable is incremented each type the OP_Found opcode
-** is executed. This is used to test whether or not the foreign key
-** operation implemented using OP_FkIsZero is working. This variable
-** has no function other than to help verify the correct operation of the
-** library.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_found_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Test a register to see if it exceeds the current maximum blob size.
-** If it does, record the new maximum blob size.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST)
-# define UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(P)  updateMaxBlobsize(P)
-#else
-# define UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(P)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Convert the given register into a string if it isn't one
-** already. Return non-zero if a malloc() fails.
-*/
-#define Stringify(P, enc) \
-   if(((P)->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 && sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(P,enc)) \
-     { goto no_mem; }
-
-/*
-** An ephemeral string value (signified by the MEM_Ephem flag) contains
-** a pointer to a dynamically allocated string where some other entity
-** is responsible for deallocating that string.  Because the register
-** does not control the string, it might be deleted without the register
-** knowing it.
-**
-** This routine converts an ephemeral string into a dynamically allocated
-** string that the register itself controls.  In other words, it
-** converts an MEM_Ephem string into an MEM_Dyn string.
-*/
-#define Deephemeralize(P) \
-   if( ((P)->flags&MEM_Ephem)!=0 \
-       && sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(P) ){ goto no_mem;}
-
-/*
-** Call sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob() on the supplied value (type Mem*)
-** P if required.
-*/
-#define ExpandBlob(P) (((P)->flags&MEM_Zero)?sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(P):0)
-
-/*
-** Argument pMem points at a register that will be passed to a
-** user-defined function or returned to the user as the result of a query.
-** This routine sets the pMem->type variable used by the sqlite3_value_*() 
-** routines.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(Mem *pMem){
-  int flags = pMem->flags;
-  if( flags & MEM_Null ){
-    pMem->type = SQLITE_NULL;
-  }
-  else if( flags & MEM_Int ){
-    pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
-  }
-  else if( flags & MEM_Real ){
-    pMem->type = SQLITE_FLOAT;
-  }
-  else if( flags & MEM_Str ){
-    pMem->type = SQLITE_TEXT;
-  }else{
-    pMem->type = SQLITE_BLOB;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate VdbeCursor number iCur.  Return a pointer to it.  Return NULL
-** if we run out of memory.
-*/
-static VdbeCursor *allocateCursor(
-  Vdbe *p,              /* The virtual machine */
-  int iCur,             /* Index of the new VdbeCursor */
-  int nField,           /* Number of fields in the table or index */
-  int iDb,              /* When database the cursor belongs to, or -1 */
-  int isBtreeCursor     /* True for B-Tree.  False for pseudo-table or vtab */
-){
-  /* Find the memory cell that will be used to store the blob of memory
-  ** required for this VdbeCursor structure. It is convenient to use a 
-  ** vdbe memory cell to manage the memory allocation required for a
-  ** VdbeCursor structure for the following reasons:
-  **
-  **   * Sometimes cursor numbers are used for a couple of different
-  **     purposes in a vdbe program. The different uses might require
-  **     different sized allocations. Memory cells provide growable
-  **     allocations.
-  **
-  **   * When using ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT, memory cell buffers can
-  **     be freed lazily via the sqlite3_release_memory() API. This
-  **     minimizes the number of malloc calls made by the system.
-  **
-  ** Memory cells for cursors are allocated at the top of the address
-  ** space. Memory cell (p->nMem) corresponds to cursor 0. Space for
-  ** cursor 1 is managed by memory cell (p->nMem-1), etc.
-  */
-  Mem *pMem = &p->aMem[p->nMem-iCur];
-
-  int nByte;
-  VdbeCursor *pCx = 0;
-  nByte = 
-      ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor)) + 
-      (isBtreeCursor?sqlite3BtreeCursorSize():0) + 
-      2*nField*sizeof(u32);
-
-  assert( iCur<p->nCursor );
-  if( p->apCsr[iCur] ){
-    sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, p->apCsr[iCur]);
-    p->apCsr[iCur] = 0;
-  }
-  if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, nByte, 0) ){
-    p->apCsr[iCur] = pCx = (VdbeCursor*)pMem->z;
-    memset(pCx, 0, sizeof(VdbeCursor));
-    pCx->iDb = iDb;
-    pCx->nField = nField;
-    if( nField ){
-      pCx->aType = (u32 *)&pMem->z[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor))];
-    }
-    if( isBtreeCursor ){
-      pCx->pCursor = (BtCursor*)
-          &pMem->z[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor))+2*nField*sizeof(u32)];
-      sqlite3BtreeCursorZero(pCx->pCursor);
-    }
-  }
-  return pCx;
-}
-
-/*
-** Try to convert a value into a numeric representation if we can
-** do so without loss of information.  In other words, if the string
-** looks like a number, convert it into a number.  If it does not
-** look like a number, leave it alone.
-*/
-static void applyNumericAffinity(Mem *pRec){
-  if( (pRec->flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_Int))==0 ){
-    int realnum;
-    u8 enc = pRec->enc;
-    sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(pRec);
-    if( (pRec->flags&MEM_Str) && sqlite3IsNumber(pRec->z, &realnum, enc) ){
-      i64 value;
-      char *zUtf8 = pRec->z;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-      if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-        assert( pRec->db );
-        zUtf8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(pRec->db, pRec->z, pRec->n, enc);
-        if( !zUtf8 ) return;
-      }
-#endif
-      if( !realnum && sqlite3Atoi64(zUtf8, &value) ){
-        pRec->u.i = value;
-        MemSetTypeFlag(pRec, MEM_Int);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3AtoF(zUtf8, &pRec->r);
-        MemSetTypeFlag(pRec, MEM_Real);
-      }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-      if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-        sqlite3DbFree(pRec->db, zUtf8);
-      }
-#endif
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Processing is determine by the affinity parameter:
-**
-** SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER:
-** SQLITE_AFF_REAL:
-** SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC:
-**    Try to convert pRec to an integer representation or a 
-**    floating-point representation if an integer representation
-**    is not possible.  Note that the integer representation is
-**    always preferred, even if the affinity is REAL, because
-**    an integer representation is more space efficient on disk.
-**
-** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT:
-**    Convert pRec to a text representation.
-**
-** SQLITE_AFF_NONE:
-**    No-op.  pRec is unchanged.
-*/
-static void applyAffinity(
-  Mem *pRec,          /* The value to apply affinity to */
-  char affinity,      /* The affinity to be applied */
-  u8 enc              /* Use this text encoding */
-){
-  if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
-    /* Only attempt the conversion to TEXT if there is an integer or real
-    ** representation (blob and NULL do not get converted) but no string
-    ** representation.
-    */
-    if( 0==(pRec->flags&MEM_Str) && (pRec->flags&(MEM_Real|MEM_Int)) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pRec, enc);
-    }
-    pRec->flags &= ~(MEM_Real|MEM_Int);
-  }else if( affinity!=SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
-    assert( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL
-             || affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
-    applyNumericAffinity(pRec);
-    if( pRec->flags & MEM_Real ){
-      sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pRec);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Try to convert the type of a function argument or a result column
-** into a numeric representation.  Use either INTEGER or REAL whichever
-** is appropriate.  But only do the conversion if it is possible without
-** loss of information and return the revised type of the argument.
-**
-** This is an EXPERIMENTAL api and is subject to change or removal.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  Mem *pMem = (Mem*)pVal;
-  applyNumericAffinity(pMem);
-  sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(pMem);
-  return pMem->type;
-}
-
-/*
-** Exported version of applyAffinity(). This one works on sqlite3_value*, 
-** not the internal Mem* type.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(
-  sqlite3_value *pVal, 
-  u8 affinity, 
-  u8 enc
-){
-  applyAffinity((Mem *)pVal, affinity, enc);
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-** Write a nice string representation of the contents of cell pMem
-** into buffer zBuf, length nBuf.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf){
-  char *zCsr = zBuf;
-  int f = pMem->flags;
-
-  static const char *const encnames[] = {"(X)", "(8)", "(16LE)", "(16BE)"};
-
-  if( f&MEM_Blob ){
-    int i;
-    char c;
-    if( f & MEM_Dyn ){
-      c = 'z';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Static|MEM_Ephem))==0 );
-    }else if( f & MEM_Static ){
-      c = 't';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem))==0 );
-    }else if( f & MEM_Ephem ){
-      c = 'e';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Static|MEM_Dyn))==0 );
-    }else{
-      c = 's';
-    }
-
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr, "%c", c);
-    zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr, "%d[", pMem->n);
-    zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
-    for(i=0; i<16 && i<pMem->n; i++){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr, "%02X", ((int)pMem->z[i] & 0xFF));
-      zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<16 && i<pMem->n; i++){
-      char z = pMem->z[i];
-      if( z<32 || z>126 ) *zCsr++ = '.';
-      else *zCsr++ = z;
-    }
-
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr, "]%s", encnames[pMem->enc]);
-    zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
-    if( f & MEM_Zero ){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr,"+%dz",pMem->u.nZero);
-      zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
-    }
-    *zCsr = '\0';
-  }else if( f & MEM_Str ){
-    int j, k;
-    zBuf[0] = ' ';
-    if( f & MEM_Dyn ){
-      zBuf[1] = 'z';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Static|MEM_Ephem))==0 );
-    }else if( f & MEM_Static ){
-      zBuf[1] = 't';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem))==0 );
-    }else if( f & MEM_Ephem ){
-      zBuf[1] = 'e';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Static|MEM_Dyn))==0 );
-    }else{
-      zBuf[1] = 's';
-    }
-    k = 2;
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100, &zBuf[k], "%d", pMem->n);
-    k += sqlite3Strlen30(&zBuf[k]);
-    zBuf[k++] = '[';
-    for(j=0; j<15 && j<pMem->n; j++){
-      u8 c = pMem->z[j];
-      if( c>=0x20 && c<0x7f ){
-        zBuf[k++] = c;
-      }else{
-        zBuf[k++] = '.';
-      }
-    }
-    zBuf[k++] = ']';
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100,&zBuf[k], encnames[pMem->enc]);
-    k += sqlite3Strlen30(&zBuf[k]);
-    zBuf[k++] = 0;
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-** Print the value of a register for tracing purposes:
-*/
-static void memTracePrint(FILE *out, Mem *p){
-  if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    fprintf(out, " NULL");
-  }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Str))==(MEM_Int|MEM_Str) ){
-    fprintf(out, " si:%lld", p->u.i);
-  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
-    fprintf(out, " i:%lld", p->u.i);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Real ){
-    fprintf(out, " r:%g", p->r);
-#endif
-  }else if( p->flags & MEM_RowSet ){
-    fprintf(out, " (rowset)");
-  }else{
-    char zBuf[200];
-    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(p, zBuf);
-    fprintf(out, " ");
-    fprintf(out, "%s", zBuf);
-  }
-}
-static void registerTrace(FILE *out, int iReg, Mem *p){
-  fprintf(out, "REG[%d] = ", iReg);
-  memTracePrint(out, p);
-  fprintf(out, "\n");
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M) if(p->trace)registerTrace(p->trace,R,M)
-#else
-#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M)
-#endif
-
-
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-
-/* 
-** hwtime.h contains inline assembler code for implementing 
-** high-performance timing routines.
-*/
-/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of vdbe.c *********************/
-/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 May 27
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
-** counters for x86 class CPUs.
-*/
-#ifndef _HWTIME_H_
-#define _HWTIME_H_
-
-/*
-** The following routine only works on pentium-class (or newer) processors.
-** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
-** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
-** profiling.
-*/
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
-      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
-
-  #if defined(__GNUC__)
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-     unsigned int lo, hi;
-     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
-     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
-  }
-
-  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-
-  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-     __asm {
-        rdtsc
-        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
-     }
-  }
-
-  #endif
-
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-      unsigned long val;
-      __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
-      return val;
-  }
- 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
-
-  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
-      unsigned long long retval;
-      unsigned long junk;
-      __asm__ __volatile__ ("\n\
-          1:      mftbu   %1\n\
-                  mftb    %L0\n\
-                  mftbu   %0\n\
-                  cmpw    %0,%1\n\
-                  bne     1b"
-                  : "=r" (retval), "=r" (junk));
-      return retval;
-  }
-
-#else
-
-  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
-
-  /*
-  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
-  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
-  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
-  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
-  ** least compile and run.
-  */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
-
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !defined(_HWTIME_H_) */
-
-/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in vdbe.c ***********************/
-
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT macro defined here looks to see if the
-** sqlite3_interrupt() routine has been called.  If it has been, then
-** processing of the VDBE program is interrupted.
-**
-** This macro added to every instruction that does a jump in order to
-** implement a loop.  This test used to be on every single instruction,
-** but that meant we more testing that we needed.  By only testing the
-** flag on jump instructions, we get a (small) speed improvement.
-*/
-#define CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT \
-   if( db->u1.isInterrupted ) goto abort_due_to_interrupt;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-static int fileExists(sqlite3 *db, const char *zFile){
-  int res = 0;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  /* If we are currently testing IO errors, then do not call OsAccess() to
-  ** test for the presence of zFile. This is because any IO error that
-  ** occurs here will not be reported, causing the test to fail.
-  */
-  extern int sqlite3_io_error_pending;
-  if( sqlite3_io_error_pending<=0 )
-#endif
-    rc = sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, zFile, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &res);
-  return (res && rc==SQLITE_OK);
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/*
-** This function is only called from within an assert() expression. It
-** checks that the sqlite3.nTransaction variable is correctly set to
-** the number of non-transaction savepoints currently in the 
-** linked list starting at sqlite3.pSavepoint.
-** 
-** Usage:
-**
-**     assert( checkSavepointCount(db) );
-*/
-static int checkSavepointCount(sqlite3 *db){
-  int n = 0;
-  Savepoint *p;
-  for(p=db->pSavepoint; p; p=p->pNext) n++;
-  assert( n==(db->nSavepoint + db->isTransactionSavepoint) );
-  return 1;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Execute as much of a VDBE program as we can then return.
-**
-** sqlite3VdbeMakeReady() must be called before this routine in order to
-** close the program with a final OP_Halt and to set up the callbacks
-** and the error message pointer.
-**
-** Whenever a row or result data is available, this routine will either
-** invoke the result callback (if there is one) or return with
-** SQLITE_ROW.
-**
-** If an attempt is made to open a locked database, then this routine
-** will either invoke the busy callback (if there is one) or it will
-** return SQLITE_BUSY.
-**
-** If an error occurs, an error message is written to memory obtained
-** from sqlite3_malloc() and p->zErrMsg is made to point to that memory.
-** The error code is stored in p->rc and this routine returns SQLITE_ERROR.
-**
-** If the callback ever returns non-zero, then the program exits
-** immediately.  There will be no error message but the p->rc field is
-** set to SQLITE_ABORT and this routine will return SQLITE_ERROR.
-**
-** A memory allocation error causes p->rc to be set to SQLITE_NOMEM and this
-** routine to return SQLITE_ERROR.
-**
-** Other fatal errors return SQLITE_ERROR.
-**
-** After this routine has finished, sqlite3VdbeFinalize() should be
-** used to clean up the mess that was left behind.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(
-  Vdbe *p                    /* The VDBE */
-){
-  int pc=0;                  /* The program counter */
-  Op *aOp = p->aOp;          /* Copy of p->aOp */
-  Op *pOp;                   /* Current operation */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;        /* Value to return */
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;       /* The database */
-  u8 resetSchemaOnFault = 0; /* Reset schema after an error if true */
-  u8 encoding = ENC(db);     /* The database encoding */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  int checkProgress;         /* True if progress callbacks are enabled */
-  int nProgressOps = 0;      /* Opcodes executed since progress callback. */
-#endif
-  Mem *aMem = p->aMem;       /* Copy of p->aMem */
-  Mem *pIn1 = 0;             /* 1st input operand */
-  Mem *pIn2 = 0;             /* 2nd input operand */
-  Mem *pIn3 = 0;             /* 3rd input operand */
-  Mem *pOut = 0;             /* Output operand */
-  int iCompare = 0;          /* Result of last OP_Compare operation */
-  int *aPermute = 0;         /* Permutation of columns for OP_Compare */
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-  u64 start;                 /* CPU clock count at start of opcode */
-  int origPc;                /* Program counter at start of opcode */
-#endif
-  /********************************************************************
-  ** Automatically generated code
-  **
-  ** The following union is automatically generated by the
-  ** vdbe-compress.tcl script.  The purpose of this union is to
-  ** reduce the amount of stack space required by this function.
-  ** See comments in the vdbe-compress.tcl script for details.
-  */
-  union vdbeExecUnion {
-    struct OP_Yield_stack_vars {
-      int pcDest;
-    } aa;
-    struct OP_Variable_stack_vars {
-      int p1;          /* Variable to copy from */
-      int p2;          /* Register to copy to */
-      int n;           /* Number of values left to copy */
-      Mem *pVar;       /* Value being transferred */
-    } ab;
-    struct OP_Move_stack_vars {
-      char *zMalloc;   /* Holding variable for allocated memory */
-      int n;           /* Number of registers left to copy */
-      int p1;          /* Register to copy from */
-      int p2;          /* Register to copy to */
-    } ac;
-    struct OP_ResultRow_stack_vars {
-      Mem *pMem;
-      int i;
-    } ad;
-    struct OP_Concat_stack_vars {
-      i64 nByte;
-    } ae;
-    struct OP_Remainder_stack_vars {
-      int flags;      /* Combined MEM_* flags from both inputs */
-      i64 iA;         /* Integer value of left operand */
-      i64 iB;         /* Integer value of right operand */
-      double rA;      /* Real value of left operand */
-      double rB;      /* Real value of right operand */
-    } af;
-    struct OP_Function_stack_vars {
-      int i;
-      Mem *pArg;
-      sqlite3_context ctx;
-      sqlite3_value **apVal;
-      int n;
-    } ag;
-    struct OP_ShiftRight_stack_vars {
-      i64 a;
-      i64 b;
-    } ah;
-    struct OP_Ge_stack_vars {
-      int res;            /* Result of the comparison of pIn1 against pIn3 */
-      char affinity;      /* Affinity to use for comparison */
-      u16 flags1;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn1->flags */
-      u16 flags3;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn3->flags */
-    } ai;
-    struct OP_Compare_stack_vars {
-      int n;
-      int i;
-      int p1;
-      int p2;
-      const KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-      int idx;
-      CollSeq *pColl;    /* Collating sequence to use on this term */
-      int bRev;          /* True for DESCENDING sort order */
-    } aj;
-    struct OP_Or_stack_vars {
-      int v1;    /* Left operand:  0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
-      int v2;    /* Right operand: 0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
-    } ak;
-    struct OP_IfNot_stack_vars {
-      int c;
-    } al;
-    struct OP_Column_stack_vars {
-      u32 payloadSize;   /* Number of bytes in the record */
-      i64 payloadSize64; /* Number of bytes in the record */
-      int p1;            /* P1 value of the opcode */
-      int p2;            /* column number to retrieve */
-      VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The VDBE cursor */
-      char *zRec;        /* Pointer to complete record-data */
-      BtCursor *pCrsr;   /* The BTree cursor */
-      u32 *aType;        /* aType[i] holds the numeric type of the i-th column */
-      u32 *aOffset;      /* aOffset[i] is offset to start of data for i-th column */
-      int nField;        /* number of fields in the record */
-      int len;           /* The length of the serialized data for the column */
-      int i;             /* Loop counter */
-      char *zData;       /* Part of the record being decoded */
-      Mem *pDest;        /* Where to write the extracted value */
-      Mem sMem;          /* For storing the record being decoded */
-      u8 *zIdx;          /* Index into header */
-      u8 *zEndHdr;       /* Pointer to first byte after the header */
-      u32 offset;        /* Offset into the data */
-      u32 szField;       /* Number of bytes in the content of a field */
-      int szHdr;         /* Size of the header size field at start of record */
-      int avail;         /* Number of bytes of available data */
-      Mem *pReg;         /* PseudoTable input register */
-    } am;
-    struct OP_Affinity_stack_vars {
-      const char *zAffinity;   /* The affinity to be applied */
-      char cAff;               /* A single character of affinity */
-    } an;
-    struct OP_MakeRecord_stack_vars {
-      u8 *zNewRecord;        /* A buffer to hold the data for the new record */
-      Mem *pRec;             /* The new record */
-      u64 nData;             /* Number of bytes of data space */
-      int nHdr;              /* Number of bytes of header space */
-      i64 nByte;             /* Data space required for this record */
-      int nZero;             /* Number of zero bytes at the end of the record */
-      int nVarint;           /* Number of bytes in a varint */
-      u32 serial_type;       /* Type field */
-      Mem *pData0;           /* First field to be combined into the record */
-      Mem *pLast;            /* Last field of the record */
-      int nField;            /* Number of fields in the record */
-      char *zAffinity;       /* The affinity string for the record */
-      int file_format;       /* File format to use for encoding */
-      int i;                 /* Space used in zNewRecord[] */
-      int len;               /* Length of a field */
-    } ao;
-    struct OP_Count_stack_vars {
-      i64 nEntry;
-      BtCursor *pCrsr;
-    } ap;
-    struct OP_Savepoint_stack_vars {
-      int p1;                         /* Value of P1 operand */
-      char *zName;                    /* Name of savepoint */
-      int nName;
-      Savepoint *pNew;
-      Savepoint *pSavepoint;
-      Savepoint *pTmp;
-      int iSavepoint;
-      int ii;
-    } aq;
-    struct OP_AutoCommit_stack_vars {
-      int desiredAutoCommit;
-      int iRollback;
-      int turnOnAC;
-    } ar;
-    struct OP_Transaction_stack_vars {
-      Btree *pBt;
-    } as;
-    struct OP_ReadCookie_stack_vars {
-      int iMeta;
-      int iDb;
-      int iCookie;
-    } at;
-    struct OP_SetCookie_stack_vars {
-      Db *pDb;
-    } au;
-    struct OP_VerifyCookie_stack_vars {
-      int iMeta;
-      Btree *pBt;
-    } av;
-    struct OP_OpenWrite_stack_vars {
-      int nField;
-      KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-      int p2;
-      int iDb;
-      int wrFlag;
-      Btree *pX;
-      VdbeCursor *pCur;
-      Db *pDb;
-    } aw;
-    struct OP_OpenEphemeral_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pCx;
-    } ax;
-    struct OP_OpenPseudo_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pCx;
-    } ay;
-    struct OP_SeekGt_stack_vars {
-      int res;
-      int oc;
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      UnpackedRecord r;
-      int nField;
-      i64 iKey;      /* The rowid we are to seek to */
-    } az;
-    struct OP_Seek_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-    } ba;
-    struct OP_Found_stack_vars {
-      int alreadyExists;
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      int res;
-      UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey;
-      UnpackedRecord r;
-      char aTempRec[ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)) + sizeof(Mem)*3 + 7];
-    } bb;
-    struct OP_IsUnique_stack_vars {
-      u16 ii;
-      VdbeCursor *pCx;
-      BtCursor *pCrsr;
-      u16 nField;
-      Mem *aMx;
-      UnpackedRecord r;                  /* B-Tree index search key */
-      i64 R;                             /* Rowid stored in register P3 */
-    } bc;
-    struct OP_NotExists_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      BtCursor *pCrsr;
-      int res;
-      u64 iKey;
-    } bd;
-    struct OP_NewRowid_stack_vars {
-      i64 v;                 /* The new rowid */
-      VdbeCursor *pC;        /* Cursor of table to get the new rowid */
-      int res;               /* Result of an sqlite3BtreeLast() */
-      int cnt;               /* Counter to limit the number of searches */
-      Mem *pMem;             /* Register holding largest rowid for AUTOINCREMENT */
-      VdbeFrame *pFrame;     /* Root frame of VDBE */
-    } be;
-    struct OP_InsertInt_stack_vars {
-      Mem *pData;       /* MEM cell holding data for the record to be inserted */
-      Mem *pKey;        /* MEM cell holding key  for the record */
-      i64 iKey;         /* The integer ROWID or key for the record to be inserted */
-      VdbeCursor *pC;   /* Cursor to table into which insert is written */
-      int nZero;        /* Number of zero-bytes to append */
-      int seekResult;   /* Result of prior seek or 0 if no USESEEKRESULT flag */
-      const char *zDb;  /* database name - used by the update hook */
-      const char *zTbl; /* Table name - used by the opdate hook */
-      int op;           /* Opcode for update hook: SQLITE_UPDATE or SQLITE_INSERT */
-    } bf;
-    struct OP_Delete_stack_vars {
-      i64 iKey;
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-    } bg;
-    struct OP_RowData_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      BtCursor *pCrsr;
-      u32 n;
-      i64 n64;
-    } bh;
-    struct OP_Rowid_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      i64 v;
-      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-      const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-    } bi;
-    struct OP_NullRow_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-    } bj;
-    struct OP_Last_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      BtCursor *pCrsr;
-      int res;
-    } bk;
-    struct OP_Rewind_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      BtCursor *pCrsr;
-      int res;
-    } bl;
-    struct OP_Next_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      BtCursor *pCrsr;
-      int res;
-    } bm;
-    struct OP_IdxInsert_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      BtCursor *pCrsr;
-      int nKey;
-      const char *zKey;
-    } bn;
-    struct OP_IdxDelete_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      BtCursor *pCrsr;
-      int res;
-      UnpackedRecord r;
-    } bo;
-    struct OP_IdxRowid_stack_vars {
-      BtCursor *pCrsr;
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      i64 rowid;
-    } bp;
-    struct OP_IdxGE_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pC;
-      int res;
-      UnpackedRecord r;
-    } bq;
-    struct OP_Destroy_stack_vars {
-      int iMoved;
-      int iCnt;
-      Vdbe *pVdbe;
-      int iDb;
-    } br;
-    struct OP_Clear_stack_vars {
-      int nChange;
-    } bs;
-    struct OP_CreateTable_stack_vars {
-      int pgno;
-      int flags;
-      Db *pDb;
-    } bt;
-    struct OP_ParseSchema_stack_vars {
-      int iDb;
-      const char *zMaster;
-      char *zSql;
-      InitData initData;
-    } bu;
-    struct OP_IntegrityCk_stack_vars {
-      int nRoot;      /* Number of tables to check.  (Number of root pages.) */
-      int *aRoot;     /* Array of rootpage numbers for tables to be checked */
-      int j;          /* Loop counter */
-      int nErr;       /* Number of errors reported */
-      char *z;        /* Text of the error report */
-      Mem *pnErr;     /* Register keeping track of errors remaining */
-    } bv;
-    struct OP_RowSetRead_stack_vars {
-      i64 val;
-    } bw;
-    struct OP_RowSetTest_stack_vars {
-      int iSet;
-      int exists;
-    } bx;
-    struct OP_Program_stack_vars {
-      int nMem;               /* Number of memory registers for sub-program */
-      int nByte;              /* Bytes of runtime space required for sub-program */
-      Mem *pRt;               /* Register to allocate runtime space */
-      Mem *pMem;              /* Used to iterate through memory cells */
-      Mem *pEnd;              /* Last memory cell in new array */
-      VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* New vdbe frame to execute in */
-      SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Sub-program to execute */
-      void *t;                /* Token identifying trigger */
-    } by;
-    struct OP_Param_stack_vars {
-      VdbeFrame *pFrame;
-      Mem *pIn;
-    } bz;
-    struct OP_MemMax_stack_vars {
-      Mem *pIn1;
-      VdbeFrame *pFrame;
-    } ca;
-    struct OP_AggStep_stack_vars {
-      int n;
-      int i;
-      Mem *pMem;
-      Mem *pRec;
-      sqlite3_context ctx;
-      sqlite3_value **apVal;
-    } cb;
-    struct OP_AggFinal_stack_vars {
-      Mem *pMem;
-    } cc;
-    struct OP_IncrVacuum_stack_vars {
-      Btree *pBt;
-    } cd;
-    struct OP_VBegin_stack_vars {
-      VTable *pVTab;
-    } ce;
-    struct OP_VOpen_stack_vars {
-      VdbeCursor *pCur;
-      sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;
-      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-      sqlite3_module *pModule;
-    } cf;
-    struct OP_VFilter_stack_vars {
-      int nArg;
-      int iQuery;
-      const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-      Mem *pQuery;
-      Mem *pArgc;
-      sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;
-      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-      VdbeCursor *pCur;
-      int res;
-      int i;
-      Mem **apArg;
-    } cg;
-    struct OP_VColumn_stack_vars {
-      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-      const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-      Mem *pDest;
-      sqlite3_context sContext;
-    } ch;
-    struct OP_VNext_stack_vars {
-      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-      const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-      int res;
-      VdbeCursor *pCur;
-    } ci;
-    struct OP_VRename_stack_vars {
-      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-      Mem *pName;
-    } cj;
-    struct OP_VUpdate_stack_vars {
-      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-      sqlite3_module *pModule;
-      int nArg;
-      int i;
-      sqlite_int64 rowid;
-      Mem **apArg;
-      Mem *pX;
-    } ck;
-    struct OP_Pagecount_stack_vars {
-      int p1;
-      int nPage;
-      Pager *pPager;
-    } cl;
-    struct OP_Trace_stack_vars {
-      char *zTrace;
-    } cm;
-  } u;
-  /* End automatically generated code
-  ********************************************************************/
-
-  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );  /* sqlite3_step() verifies this */
-  sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(p);
-  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
-    ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
-    goto no_mem;
-  }
-  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY );
-  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  assert( p->explain==0 );
-  p->pResultSet = 0;
-  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
-  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
-  sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(p);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  checkProgress = db->xProgress!=0;
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-  if( p->pc==0 
-   && ((p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeListing) || fileExists(db, "vdbe_explain"))
-  ){
-    int i;
-    printf("VDBE Program Listing:\n");
-    sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
-    for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
-      sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, i, &aOp[i]);
-    }
-  }
-  if( fileExists(db, "vdbe_trace") ){
-    p->trace = stdout;
-  }
-  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-#endif
-  for(pc=p->pc; rc==SQLITE_OK; pc++){
-    assert( pc>=0 && pc<p->nOp );
-    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-    origPc = pc;
-    start = sqlite3Hwtime();
-#endif
-    pOp = &aOp[pc];
-
-    /* Only allow tracing if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined.
-    */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    if( p->trace ){
-      if( pc==0 ){
-        printf("VDBE Execution Trace:\n");
-        sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbePrintOp(p->trace, pc, pOp);
-    }
-    if( p->trace==0 && pc==0 ){
-      sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-      if( fileExists(db, "vdbe_sqltrace") ){
-        sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
-      }
-      sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-    }
-#endif
-      
-
-    /* Check to see if we need to simulate an interrupt.  This only happens
-    ** if we have a special test build.
-    */
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-    if( sqlite3_interrupt_count>0 ){
-      sqlite3_interrupt_count--;
-      if( sqlite3_interrupt_count==0 ){
-        sqlite3_interrupt(db);
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-    /* Call the progress callback if it is configured and the required number
-    ** of VDBE ops have been executed (either since this invocation of
-    ** sqlite3VdbeExec() or since last time the progress callback was called).
-    ** If the progress callback returns non-zero, exit the virtual machine with
-    ** a return code SQLITE_ABORT.
-    */
-    if( checkProgress ){
-      if( db->nProgressOps==nProgressOps ){
-        int prc;
-        prc = db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg);
-        if( prc!=0 ){
-          rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-          goto vdbe_error_halt;
-        }
-        nProgressOps = 0;
-      }
-      nProgressOps++;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* On any opcode with the "out2-prerelase" tag, free any
-    ** external allocations out of mem[p2] and set mem[p2] to be
-    ** an undefined integer.  Opcodes will either fill in the integer
-    ** value or convert mem[p2] to a different type.
-    */
-    assert( pOp->opflags==sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] );
-    if( pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE ){
-      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
-      pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-      sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(pOut);
-      pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
-    }
-
-    /* Sanity checking on other operands */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_IN1)!=0 ){
-      assert( pOp->p1>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
-      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, &aMem[pOp->p1]);
-    }
-    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_IN2)!=0 ){
-      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
-      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, &aMem[pOp->p2]);
-    }
-    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_IN3)!=0 ){
-      assert( pOp->p3>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
-      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
-    }
-    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT2)!=0 ){
-      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
-    }
-    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT3)!=0 ){
-      assert( pOp->p3>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
-    }
-#endif
-  
-    switch( pOp->opcode ){
-
-/*****************************************************************************
-** What follows is a massive switch statement where each case implements a
-** separate instruction in the virtual machine.  If we follow the usual
-** indentation conventions, each case should be indented by 6 spaces.  But
-** that is a lot of wasted space on the left margin.  So the code within
-** the switch statement will break with convention and be flush-left. Another
-** big comment (similar to this one) will mark the point in the code where
-** we transition back to normal indentation.
-**
-** The formatting of each case is important.  The makefile for SQLite
-** generates two C files "opcodes.h" and "opcodes.c" by scanning this
-** file looking for lines that begin with "case OP_".  The opcodes.h files
-** will be filled with #defines that give unique integer values to each
-** opcode and the opcodes.c file is filled with an array of strings where
-** each string is the symbolic name for the corresponding opcode.  If the
-** case statement is followed by a comment of the form "/# same as ... #/"
-** that comment is used to determine the particular value of the opcode.
-**
-** Other keywords in the comment that follows each case are used to
-** construct the OPFLG_INITIALIZER value that initializes opcodeProperty[].
-** Keywords include: in1, in2, in3, out2_prerelease, out2, out3.  See
-** the mkopcodeh.awk script for additional information.
-**
-** Documentation about VDBE opcodes is generated by scanning this file
-** for lines of that contain "Opcode:".  That line and all subsequent
-** comment lines are used in the generation of the opcode.html documentation
-** file.
-**
-** SUMMARY:
-**
-**     Formatting is important to scripts that scan this file.
-**     Do not deviate from the formatting style currently in use.
-**
-*****************************************************************************/
-
-/* Opcode:  Goto * P2 * * *
-**
-** An unconditional jump to address P2.
-** The next instruction executed will be 
-** the one at index P2 from the beginning of
-** the program.
-*/
-case OP_Goto: {             /* jump */
-  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
-  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode:  Gosub P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Write the current address onto register P1
-** and then jump to address P2.
-*/
-case OP_Gosub: {            /* jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
-  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
-  pIn1->u.i = pc;
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
-  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode:  Return P1 * * * *
-**
-** Jump to the next instruction after the address in register P1.
-*/
-case OP_Return: {           /* in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
-  pc = (int)pIn1->u.i;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode:  Yield P1 * * * *
-**
-** Swap the program counter with the value in register P1.
-*/
-case OP_Yield: {            /* in1 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.aa */
-  int pcDest;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.aa */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
-  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
-  u.aa.pcDest = (int)pIn1->u.i;
-  pIn1->u.i = pc;
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
-  pc = u.aa.pcDest;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode:  HaltIfNull  P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** Check the value in register P3.  If is is NULL then Halt using
-** parameter P1, P2, and P4 as if this were a Halt instruction.  If the
-** value in register P3 is not NULL, then this routine is a no-op.
-*/
-case OP_HaltIfNull: {      /* in3 */
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ) break;
-  /* Fall through into OP_Halt */
-}
-
-/* Opcode:  Halt P1 P2 * P4 *
-**
-** Exit immediately.  All open cursors, etc are closed
-** automatically.
-**
-** P1 is the result code returned by sqlite3_exec(), sqlite3_reset(),
-** or sqlite3_finalize().  For a normal halt, this should be SQLITE_OK (0).
-** For errors, it can be some other value.  If P1!=0 then P2 will determine
-** whether or not to rollback the current transaction.  Do not rollback
-** if P2==OE_Fail. Do the rollback if P2==OE_Rollback.  If P2==OE_Abort,
-** then back out all changes that have occurred during this execution of the
-** VDBE, but do not rollback the transaction. 
-**
-** If P4 is not null then it is an error message string.
-**
-** There is an implied "Halt 0 0 0" instruction inserted at the very end of
-** every program.  So a jump past the last instruction of the program
-** is the same as executing Halt.
-*/
-case OP_Halt: {
-  if( pOp->p1==SQLITE_OK && p->pFrame ){
-    /* Halt the sub-program. Return control to the parent frame. */
-    VdbeFrame *pFrame = p->pFrame;
-    p->pFrame = pFrame->pParent;
-    p->nFrame--;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(db, p->nChange);
-    pc = sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(pFrame);
-    if( pOp->p2==OE_Ignore ){
-      /* Instruction pc is the OP_Program that invoked the sub-program 
-      ** currently being halted. If the p2 instruction of this OP_Halt
-      ** instruction is set to OE_Ignore, then the sub-program is throwing
-      ** an IGNORE exception. In this case jump to the address specified
-      ** as the p2 of the calling OP_Program.  */
-      pc = p->aOp[pc].p2-1;
-    }
-    aOp = p->aOp;
-    aMem = p->aMem;
-    break;
-  }
-
-  p->rc = pOp->p1;
-  p->errorAction = (u8)pOp->p2;
-  p->pc = pc;
-  if( pOp->p4.z ){
-    assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", pOp->p4.z);
-    testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-    sqlite3_log(pOp->p1, "abort at %d in [%s]: %s", pc, p->zSql, pOp->p4.z);
-  }else if( p->rc ){
-    testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-    sqlite3_log(pOp->p1, "constraint failed at %d in [%s]", pc, p->zSql);
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_ERROR );
-  if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-    p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }else{
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT );
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || db->nDeferredCons>0 );
-    rc = p->rc ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_DONE;
-  }
-  goto vdbe_return;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Integer P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** The 32-bit integer value P1 is written into register P2.
-*/
-case OP_Integer: {         /* out2-prerelease */
-  pOut->u.i = pOp->p1;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Int64 * P2 * P4 *
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit integer value.
-** Write that value into register P2.
-*/
-case OP_Int64: {           /* out2-prerelease */
-  assert( pOp->p4.pI64!=0 );
-  pOut->u.i = *pOp->p4.pI64;
-  break;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-/* Opcode: Real * P2 * P4 *
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit floating point value.
-** Write that value into register P2.
-*/
-case OP_Real: {            /* same as TK_FLOAT, out2-prerelease */
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Real;
-  assert( !sqlite3IsNaN(*pOp->p4.pReal) );
-  pOut->r = *pOp->p4.pReal;
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Opcode: String8 * P2 * P4 *
-**
-** P4 points to a nul terminated UTF-8 string. This opcode is transformed 
-** into an OP_String before it is executed for the first time.
-*/
-case OP_String8: {         /* same as TK_STRING, out2-prerelease */
-  assert( pOp->p4.z!=0 );
-  pOp->opcode = OP_String;
-  pOp->p1 = sqlite3Strlen30(pOp->p4.z);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  if( encoding!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pOut, pOp->p4.z, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_TOOBIG ) goto too_big;
-    if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, encoding) ) goto no_mem;
-    assert( pOut->zMalloc==pOut->z );
-    assert( pOut->flags & MEM_Dyn );
-    pOut->zMalloc = 0;
-    pOut->flags |= MEM_Static;
-    pOut->flags &= ~MEM_Dyn;
-    if( pOp->p4type==P4_DYNAMIC ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pOp->p4.z);
-    }
-    pOp->p4type = P4_DYNAMIC;
-    pOp->p4.z = pOut->z;
-    pOp->p1 = pOut->n;
-  }
-#endif
-  if( pOp->p1>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-  /* Fall through to the next case, OP_String */
-}
-  
-/* Opcode: String P1 P2 * P4 *
-**
-** The string value P4 of length P1 (bytes) is stored in register P2.
-*/
-case OP_String: {          /* out2-prerelease */
-  assert( pOp->p4.z!=0 );
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Static|MEM_Term;
-  pOut->z = pOp->p4.z;
-  pOut->n = pOp->p1;
-  pOut->enc = encoding;
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Null * P2 * * *
-**
-** Write a NULL into register P2.
-*/
-case OP_Null: {           /* out2-prerelease */
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
-  break;
-}
-
-
-/* Opcode: Blob P1 P2 * P4
-**
-** P4 points to a blob of data P1 bytes long.  Store this
-** blob in register P2. This instruction is not coded directly
-** by the compiler. Instead, the compiler layer specifies
-** an OP_HexBlob opcode, with the hex string representation of
-** the blob as P4. This opcode is transformed to an OP_Blob
-** the first time it is executed.
-*/
-case OP_Blob: {                /* out2-prerelease */
-  assert( pOp->p1 <= SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pOut, pOp->p4.z, pOp->p1, 0, 0);
-  pOut->enc = encoding;
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Variable P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** Transfer the values of bound parameters P1..P1+P3-1 into registers
-** P2..P2+P3-1.
-**
-** If the parameter is named, then its name appears in P4 and P3==1.
-** The P4 value is used by sqlite3_bind_parameter_name().
-*/
-case OP_Variable: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ab */
-  int p1;          /* Variable to copy from */
-  int p2;          /* Register to copy to */
-  int n;           /* Number of values left to copy */
-  Mem *pVar;       /* Value being transferred */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ab */
-
-  u.ab.p1 = pOp->p1 - 1;
-  u.ab.p2 = pOp->p2;
-  u.ab.n = pOp->p3;
-  assert( u.ab.p1>=0 && u.ab.p1+u.ab.n<=p->nVar );
-  assert( u.ab.p2>=1 && u.ab.p2+u.ab.n-1<=p->nMem );
-  assert( pOp->p4.z==0 || pOp->p3==1 || pOp->p3==0 );
-
-  while( u.ab.n-- > 0 ){
-    u.ab.pVar = &p->aVar[u.ab.p1++];
-    if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(u.ab.pVar) ){
-      goto too_big;
-    }
-    pOut = &aMem[u.ab.p2++];
-    sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(pOut);
-    pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
-    sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, u.ab.pVar, MEM_Static);
-    UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Move P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Move the values in register P1..P1+P3-1 over into
-** registers P2..P2+P3-1.  Registers P1..P1+P1-1 are
-** left holding a NULL.  It is an error for register ranges
-** P1..P1+P3-1 and P2..P2+P3-1 to overlap.
-*/
-case OP_Move: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ac */
-  char *zMalloc;   /* Holding variable for allocated memory */
-  int n;           /* Number of registers left to copy */
-  int p1;          /* Register to copy from */
-  int p2;          /* Register to copy to */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ac */
-
-  u.ac.n = pOp->p3;
-  u.ac.p1 = pOp->p1;
-  u.ac.p2 = pOp->p2;
-  assert( u.ac.n>0 && u.ac.p1>0 && u.ac.p2>0 );
-  assert( u.ac.p1+u.ac.n<=u.ac.p2 || u.ac.p2+u.ac.n<=u.ac.p1 );
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[u.ac.p1];
-  pOut = &aMem[u.ac.p2];
-  while( u.ac.n-- ){
-    assert( pOut<=&aMem[p->nMem] );
-    assert( pIn1<=&aMem[p->nMem] );
-    u.ac.zMalloc = pOut->zMalloc;
-    pOut->zMalloc = 0;
-    sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, pIn1);
-    pIn1->zMalloc = u.ac.zMalloc;
-    REGISTER_TRACE(u.ac.p2++, pOut);
-    pIn1++;
-    pOut++;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Copy P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Make a copy of register P1 into register P2.
-**
-** This instruction makes a deep copy of the value.  A duplicate
-** is made of any string or blob constant.  See also OP_SCopy.
-*/
-case OP_Copy: {             /* in1, out2 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
-  Deephemeralize(pOut);
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: SCopy P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Make a shallow copy of register P1 into register P2.
-**
-** This instruction makes a shallow copy of the value.  If the value
-** is a string or blob, then the copy is only a pointer to the
-** original and hence if the original changes so will the copy.
-** Worse, if the original is deallocated, the copy becomes invalid.
-** Thus the program must guarantee that the original will not change
-** during the lifetime of the copy.  Use OP_Copy to make a complete
-** copy.
-*/
-case OP_SCopy: {            /* in1, out2 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: ResultRow P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** The registers P1 through P1+P2-1 contain a single row of
-** results. This opcode causes the sqlite3_step() call to terminate
-** with an SQLITE_ROW return code and it sets up the sqlite3_stmt
-** structure to provide access to the top P1 values as the result
-** row.
-*/
-case OP_ResultRow: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ad */
-  Mem *pMem;
-  int i;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ad */
-  assert( p->nResColumn==pOp->p2 );
-  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
-  assert( pOp->p1+pOp->p2<=p->nMem+1 );
-
-  /* If this statement has violated immediate foreign key constraints, do
-  ** not return the number of rows modified. And do not RELEASE the statement
-  ** transaction. It needs to be rolled back.  */
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 0)) ){
-    assert( db->flags&SQLITE_CountRows );
-    assert( p->usesStmtJournal );
-    break;
-  }
-
-  /* If the SQLITE_CountRows flag is set in sqlite3.flags mask, then
-  ** DML statements invoke this opcode to return the number of rows
-  ** modified to the user. This is the only way that a VM that
-  ** opens a statement transaction may invoke this opcode.
-  **
-  ** In case this is such a statement, close any statement transaction
-  ** opened by this VM before returning control to the user. This is to
-  ** ensure that statement-transactions are always nested, not overlapping.
-  ** If the open statement-transaction is not closed here, then the user
-  ** may step another VM that opens its own statement transaction. This
-  ** may lead to overlapping statement transactions.
-  **
-  ** The statement transaction is never a top-level transaction.  Hence
-  ** the RELEASE call below can never fail.
-  */
-  assert( p->iStatement==0 || db->flags&SQLITE_CountRows );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(p, SAVEPOINT_RELEASE);
-  if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) ){
-    break;
-  }
-
-  /* Invalidate all ephemeral cursor row caches */
-  p->cacheCtr = (p->cacheCtr + 2)|1;
-
-  /* Make sure the results of the current row are \000 terminated
-  ** and have an assigned type.  The results are de-ephemeralized as
-  ** as side effect.
-  */
-  u.ad.pMem = p->pResultSet = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  for(u.ad.i=0; u.ad.i<pOp->p2; u.ad.i++){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(&u.ad.pMem[u.ad.i]);
-    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(&u.ad.pMem[u.ad.i]);
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1+u.ad.i, &u.ad.pMem[u.ad.i]);
-  }
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
-
-  /* Return SQLITE_ROW
-  */
-  p->pc = pc + 1;
-  rc = SQLITE_ROW;
-  goto vdbe_return;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Concat P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Add the text in register P1 onto the end of the text in
-** register P2 and store the result in register P3.
-** If either the P1 or P2 text are NULL then store NULL in P3.
-**
-**   P3 = P2 || P1
-**
-** It is illegal for P1 and P3 to be the same register. Sometimes,
-** if P3 is the same register as P2, the implementation is able
-** to avoid a memcpy().
-*/
-case OP_Concat: {           /* same as TK_CONCAT, in1, in2, out3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ae */
-  i64 nByte;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ae */
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  assert( pIn1!=pOut );
-  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-    break;
-  }
-  if( ExpandBlob(pIn1) || ExpandBlob(pIn2) ) goto no_mem;
-  Stringify(pIn1, encoding);
-  Stringify(pIn2, encoding);
-  u.ae.nByte = pIn1->n + pIn2->n;
-  if( u.ae.nByte>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Str);
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pOut, (int)u.ae.nByte+2, pOut==pIn2) ){
-    goto no_mem;
-  }
-  if( pOut!=pIn2 ){
-    memcpy(pOut->z, pIn2->z, pIn2->n);
-  }
-  memcpy(&pOut->z[pIn2->n], pIn1->z, pIn1->n);
-  pOut->z[u.ae.nByte] = 0;
-  pOut->z[u.ae.nByte+1] = 0;
-  pOut->flags |= MEM_Term;
-  pOut->n = (int)u.ae.nByte;
-  pOut->enc = encoding;
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Add P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Add the value in register P1 to the value in register P2
-** and store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Multiply P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-**
-** Multiply the value in register P1 by the value in register P2
-** and store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Subtract P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Subtract the value in register P1 from the value in register P2
-** and store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Divide P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Divide the value in register P1 by the value in register P2
-** and store the result in register P3 (P3=P2/P1). If the value in 
-** register P1 is zero, then the result is NULL. If either input is 
-** NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Remainder P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Compute the remainder after integer division of the value in
-** register P1 by the value in register P2 and store the result in P3. 
-** If the value in register P2 is zero the result is NULL.
-** If either operand is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-case OP_Add:                   /* same as TK_PLUS, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_Subtract:              /* same as TK_MINUS, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_Multiply:              /* same as TK_STAR, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_Divide:                /* same as TK_SLASH, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_Remainder: {           /* same as TK_REM, in1, in2, out3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.af */
-  int flags;      /* Combined MEM_* flags from both inputs */
-  i64 iA;         /* Integer value of left operand */
-  i64 iB;         /* Integer value of right operand */
-  double rA;      /* Real value of left operand */
-  double rB;      /* Real value of right operand */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.af */
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  applyNumericAffinity(pIn1);
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  applyNumericAffinity(pIn2);
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  u.af.flags = pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags;
-  if( (u.af.flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-  if( (pIn1->flags & pIn2->flags & MEM_Int)==MEM_Int ){
-    u.af.iA = pIn1->u.i;
-    u.af.iB = pIn2->u.i;
-    switch( pOp->opcode ){
-      case OP_Add:         u.af.iB += u.af.iA;       break;
-      case OP_Subtract:    u.af.iB -= u.af.iA;       break;
-      case OP_Multiply:    u.af.iB *= u.af.iA;       break;
-      case OP_Divide: {
-        if( u.af.iA==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-        /* Dividing the largest possible negative 64-bit integer (1<<63) by
-        ** -1 returns an integer too large to store in a 64-bit data-type. On
-        ** some architectures, the value overflows to (1<<63). On others,
-        ** a SIGFPE is issued. The following statement normalizes this
-        ** behavior so that all architectures behave as if integer
-        ** overflow occurred.
-        */
-        if( u.af.iA==-1 && u.af.iB==SMALLEST_INT64 ) u.af.iA = 1;
-        u.af.iB /= u.af.iA;
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        if( u.af.iA==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-        if( u.af.iA==-1 ) u.af.iA = 1;
-        u.af.iB %= u.af.iA;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    pOut->u.i = u.af.iB;
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
-  }else{
-    u.af.rA = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1);
-    u.af.rB = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn2);
-    switch( pOp->opcode ){
-      case OP_Add:         u.af.rB += u.af.rA;       break;
-      case OP_Subtract:    u.af.rB -= u.af.rA;       break;
-      case OP_Multiply:    u.af.rB *= u.af.rA;       break;
-      case OP_Divide: {
-        /* (double)0 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
-        if( u.af.rA==(double)0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-        u.af.rB /= u.af.rA;
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        u.af.iA = (i64)u.af.rA;
-        u.af.iB = (i64)u.af.rB;
-        if( u.af.iA==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-        if( u.af.iA==-1 ) u.af.iA = 1;
-        u.af.rB = (double)(u.af.iB % u.af.iA);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-    pOut->u.i = u.af.rB;
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
-#else
-    if( sqlite3IsNaN(u.af.rB) ){
-      goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-    }
-    pOut->r = u.af.rB;
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Real);
-    if( (u.af.flags & MEM_Real)==0 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pOut);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  break;
-
-arithmetic_result_is_null:
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: CollSeq * * P4
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a CollSeq struct. If the next call to a user function
-** or aggregate calls sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq(), this collation sequence will
-** be returned. This is used by the built-in min(), max() and nullif()
-** functions.
-**
-** The interface used by the implementation of the aforementioned functions
-** to retrieve the collation sequence set by this opcode is not available
-** publicly, only to user functions defined in func.c.
-*/
-case OP_CollSeq: {
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Function P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to a Function structure that
-** defines the function) with P5 arguments taken from register P2 and
-** successors.  The result of the function is stored in register P3.
-** Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
-**
-** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
-** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
-** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
-** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
-** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
-** invocation of this opcode.
-**
-** See also: AggStep and AggFinal
-*/
-case OP_Function: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ag */
-  int i;
-  Mem *pArg;
-  sqlite3_context ctx;
-  sqlite3_value **apVal;
-  int n;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ag */
-
-  u.ag.n = pOp->p5;
-  u.ag.apVal = p->apArg;
-  assert( u.ag.apVal || u.ag.n==0 );
-
-  assert( u.ag.n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+u.ag.n<=p->nMem+1) );
-  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p2 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p2+u.ag.n );
-  u.ag.pArg = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  for(u.ag.i=0; u.ag.i<u.ag.n; u.ag.i++, u.ag.pArg++){
-    u.ag.apVal[u.ag.i] = u.ag.pArg;
-    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(u.ag.pArg);
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, u.ag.pArg);
-  }
-
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF || pOp->p4type==P4_VDBEFUNC );
-  if( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF ){
-    u.ag.ctx.pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
-    u.ag.ctx.pVdbeFunc = 0;
-  }else{
-    u.ag.ctx.pVdbeFunc = (VdbeFunc*)pOp->p4.pVdbeFunc;
-    u.ag.ctx.pFunc = u.ag.ctx.pVdbeFunc->pFunc;
-  }
-
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  u.ag.ctx.s.flags = MEM_Null;
-  u.ag.ctx.s.db = db;
-  u.ag.ctx.s.xDel = 0;
-  u.ag.ctx.s.zMalloc = 0;
-
-  /* The output cell may already have a buffer allocated. Move
-  ** the pointer to u.ag.ctx.s so in case the user-function can use
-  ** the already allocated buffer instead of allocating a new one.
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(&u.ag.ctx.s, pOut);
-  MemSetTypeFlag(&u.ag.ctx.s, MEM_Null);
-
-  u.ag.ctx.isError = 0;
-  if( u.ag.ctx.pFunc->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
-    assert( pOp>aOp );
-    assert( pOp[-1].p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );
-    assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_CollSeq );
-    u.ag.ctx.pColl = pOp[-1].p4.pColl;
-  }
-  (*u.ag.ctx.pFunc->xFunc)(&u.ag.ctx, u.ag.n, u.ag.apVal);
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    /* Even though a malloc() has failed, the implementation of the
-    ** user function may have called an sqlite3_result_XXX() function
-    ** to return a value. The following call releases any resources
-    ** associated with such a value.
-    */
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&u.ag.ctx.s);
-    goto no_mem;
-  }
-
-  /* If any auxiliary data functions have been called by this user function,
-  ** immediately call the destructor for any non-static values.
-  */
-  if( u.ag.ctx.pVdbeFunc ){
-    sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(u.ag.ctx.pVdbeFunc, pOp->p1);
-    pOp->p4.pVdbeFunc = u.ag.ctx.pVdbeFunc;
-    pOp->p4type = P4_VDBEFUNC;
-  }
-
-  /* If the function returned an error, throw an exception */
-  if( u.ag.ctx.isError ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(&u.ag.ctx.s));
-    rc = u.ag.ctx.isError;
-  }
-
-  /* Copy the result of the function into register P3 */
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&u.ag.ctx.s, encoding);
-  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, &u.ag.ctx.s);
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pOut) ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: BitAnd P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Take the bit-wise AND of the values in register P1 and P2 and
-** store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: BitOr P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Take the bit-wise OR of the values in register P1 and P2 and
-** store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: ShiftLeft P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Shift the integer value in register P2 to the left by the
-** number of bits specified by the integer in regiser P1.
-** Store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: ShiftRight P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Shift the integer value in register P2 to the right by the
-** number of bits specified by the integer in register P1.
-** Store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-case OP_BitAnd:                 /* same as TK_BITAND, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_BitOr:                  /* same as TK_BITOR, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_ShiftLeft:              /* same as TK_LSHIFT, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_ShiftRight: {           /* same as TK_RSHIFT, in1, in2, out3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ah */
-  i64 a;
-  i64 b;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ah */
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-    break;
-  }
-  u.ah.a = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2);
-  u.ah.b = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
-  switch( pOp->opcode ){
-    case OP_BitAnd:      u.ah.a &= u.ah.b;     break;
-    case OP_BitOr:       u.ah.a |= u.ah.b;     break;
-    case OP_ShiftLeft:   u.ah.a <<= u.ah.b;    break;
-    default:  assert( pOp->opcode==OP_ShiftRight );
-                         u.ah.a >>= u.ah.b;    break;
-  }
-  pOut->u.i = u.ah.a;
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: AddImm  P1 P2 * * *
-** 
-** Add the constant P2 to the value in register P1.
-** The result is always an integer.
-**
-** To force any register to be an integer, just add 0.
-*/
-case OP_AddImm: {            /* in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
-  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p2;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: MustBeInt P1 P2 * * *
-** 
-** Force the value in register P1 to be an integer.  If the value
-** in P1 is not an integer and cannot be converted into an integer
-** without data loss, then jump immediately to P2, or if P2==0
-** raise an SQLITE_MISMATCH exception.
-*/
-case OP_MustBeInt: {            /* jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
-    if( pOp->p2==0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_MISMATCH;
-      goto abort_due_to_error;
-    }else{
-      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-    }
-  }else{
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pIn1, MEM_Int);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-/* Opcode: RealAffinity P1 * * * *
-**
-** If register P1 holds an integer convert it to a real value.
-**
-** This opcode is used when extracting information from a column that
-** has REAL affinity.  Such column values may still be stored as
-** integers, for space efficiency, but after extraction we want them
-** to have only a real value.
-*/
-case OP_RealAffinity: {                  /* in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
-/* Opcode: ToText P1 * * * *
-**
-** Force the value in register P1 to be text.
-** If the value is numeric, convert it to a string using the
-** equivalent of printf().  Blob values are unchanged and
-** are afterwards simply interpreted as text.
-**
-** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
-*/
-case OP_ToText: {                  /* same as TK_TO_TEXT, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;
-  assert( MEM_Str==(MEM_Blob>>3) );
-  pIn1->flags |= (pIn1->flags&MEM_Blob)>>3;
-  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
-  rc = ExpandBlob(pIn1);
-  assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Str || db->mallocFailed );
-  pIn1->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pIn1);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: ToBlob P1 * * * *
-**
-** Force the value in register P1 to be a BLOB.
-** If the value is numeric, convert it to a string first.
-** Strings are simply reinterpreted as blobs with no change
-** to the underlying data.
-**
-** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
-*/
-case OP_ToBlob: {                  /* same as TK_TO_BLOB, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Blob)==0 ){
-    applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
-    assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Str || db->mallocFailed );
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pIn1, MEM_Blob);
-  }else{
-    pIn1->flags &= ~(MEM_TypeMask&~MEM_Blob);
-  }
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pIn1);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: ToNumeric P1 * * * *
-**
-** Force the value in register P1 to be numeric (either an
-** integer or a floating-point number.)
-** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an using the
-** equivalent of atoi() or atof() and store 0 if no such conversion 
-** is possible.
-**
-** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
-*/
-case OP_ToNumeric: {                  /* same as TK_TO_NUMERIC, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Null|MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(pIn1);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */
-
-/* Opcode: ToInt P1 * * * *
-**
-** Force the value in register P1 be an integer.  If
-** The value is currently a real number, drop its fractional part.
-** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an integer using the
-** equivalent of atoi() and store 0 if no such conversion is possible.
-**
-** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
-*/
-case OP_ToInt: {                  /* same as TK_TO_INT, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CAST) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT)
-/* Opcode: ToReal P1 * * * *
-**
-** Force the value in register P1 to be a floating point number.
-** If The value is currently an integer, convert it.
-** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an integer using the
-** equivalent of atoi() and store 0.0 if no such conversion is possible.
-**
-** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
-*/
-case OP_ToReal: {                  /* same as TK_TO_REAL, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CAST) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT) */
-
-/* Opcode: Lt P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** Compare the values in register P1 and P3.  If reg(P3)<reg(P1) then
-** jump to address P2.  
-**
-** If the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit of P5 is set and either reg(P1) or
-** reg(P3) is NULL then take the jump.  If the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL 
-** bit is clear then fall thru if either operand is NULL.
-**
-** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK portion of P5 must be an affinity character -
-** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER, and so forth. An attempt is made 
-** to coerce both inputs according to this affinity before the
-** comparison is made. If the SQLITE_AFF_MASK is 0x00, then numeric
-** affinity is used. Note that the affinity conversions are stored
-** back into the input registers P1 and P3.  So this opcode can cause
-** persistent changes to registers P1 and P3.
-**
-** Once any conversions have taken place, and neither value is NULL, 
-** the values are compared. If both values are blobs then memcmp() is
-** used to determine the results of the comparison.  If both values
-** are text, then the appropriate collating function specified in
-** P4 is  used to do the comparison.  If P4 is not specified then
-** memcmp() is used to compare text string.  If both values are
-** numeric, then a numeric comparison is used. If the two values
-** are of different types, then numbers are considered less than
-** strings and strings are considered less than blobs.
-**
-** If the SQLITE_STOREP2 bit of P5 is set, then do not jump.  Instead,
-** store a boolean result (either 0, or 1, or NULL) in register P2.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Ne P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
-** the operands in registers P1 and P3 are not equal.  See the Lt opcode for
-** additional information.
-**
-** If SQLITE_NULLEQ is set in P5 then the result of comparison is always either
-** true or false and is never NULL.  If both operands are NULL then the result
-** of comparison is false.  If either operand is NULL then the result is true.
-** If neither operand is NULL the the result is the same as it would be if
-** the SQLITE_NULLEQ flag were omitted from P5.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Eq P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
-** the operands in registers P1 and P3 are equal.
-** See the Lt opcode for additional information.
-**
-** If SQLITE_NULLEQ is set in P5 then the result of comparison is always either
-** true or false and is never NULL.  If both operands are NULL then the result
-** of comparison is true.  If either operand is NULL then the result is false.
-** If neither operand is NULL the the result is the same as it would be if
-** the SQLITE_NULLEQ flag were omitted from P5.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Le P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
-** the content of register P3 is less than or equal to the content of
-** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Gt P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
-** the content of register P3 is greater than the content of
-** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Ge P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
-** the content of register P3 is greater than or equal to the content of
-** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
-*/
-case OP_Eq:               /* same as TK_EQ, jump, in1, in3 */
-case OP_Ne:               /* same as TK_NE, jump, in1, in3 */
-case OP_Lt:               /* same as TK_LT, jump, in1, in3 */
-case OP_Le:               /* same as TK_LE, jump, in1, in3 */
-case OP_Gt:               /* same as TK_GT, jump, in1, in3 */
-case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ai */
-  int res;            /* Result of the comparison of pIn1 against pIn3 */
-  char affinity;      /* Affinity to use for comparison */
-  u16 flags1;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn1->flags */
-  u16 flags3;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn3->flags */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ai */
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  u.ai.flags1 = pIn1->flags;
-  u.ai.flags3 = pIn3->flags;
-  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn3->flags)&MEM_Null ){
-    /* One or both operands are NULL */
-    if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ ){
-      /* If SQLITE_NULLEQ is set (which will only happen if the operator is
-      ** OP_Eq or OP_Ne) then take the jump or not depending on whether
-      ** or not both operands are null.
-      */
-      assert( pOp->opcode==OP_Eq || pOp->opcode==OP_Ne );
-      u.ai.res = (pIn1->flags & pIn3->flags & MEM_Null)==0;
-    }else{
-      /* SQLITE_NULLEQ is clear and at least one operand is NULL,
-      ** then the result is always NULL.
-      ** The jump is taken if the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit is set.
-      */
-      if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
-        pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-        MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
-        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
-      }else if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL ){
-        pc = pOp->p2-1;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* Neither operand is NULL.  Do a comparison. */
-    u.ai.affinity = pOp->p5 & SQLITE_AFF_MASK;
-    if( u.ai.affinity ){
-      applyAffinity(pIn1, u.ai.affinity, encoding);
-      applyAffinity(pIn3, u.ai.affinity, encoding);
-      if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
-    }
-
-    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_COLLSEQ || pOp->p4.pColl==0 );
-    ExpandBlob(pIn1);
-    ExpandBlob(pIn3);
-    u.ai.res = sqlite3MemCompare(pIn3, pIn1, pOp->p4.pColl);
-  }
-  switch( pOp->opcode ){
-    case OP_Eq:    u.ai.res = u.ai.res==0;     break;
-    case OP_Ne:    u.ai.res = u.ai.res!=0;     break;
-    case OP_Lt:    u.ai.res = u.ai.res<0;      break;
-    case OP_Le:    u.ai.res = u.ai.res<=0;     break;
-    case OP_Gt:    u.ai.res = u.ai.res>0;      break;
-    default:       u.ai.res = u.ai.res>=0;     break;
-  }
-
-  if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
-    pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
-    pOut->u.i = u.ai.res;
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
-  }else if( u.ai.res ){
-    pc = pOp->p2-1;
-  }
-
-  /* Undo any changes made by applyAffinity() to the input registers. */
-  pIn1->flags = (pIn1->flags&~MEM_TypeMask) | (u.ai.flags1&MEM_TypeMask);
-  pIn3->flags = (pIn3->flags&~MEM_TypeMask) | (u.ai.flags3&MEM_TypeMask);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Permutation * * * P4 *
-**
-** Set the permutation used by the OP_Compare operator to be the array
-** of integers in P4.
-**
-** The permutation is only valid until the next OP_Permutation, OP_Compare,
-** OP_Halt, or OP_ResultRow.  Typically the OP_Permutation should occur
-** immediately prior to the OP_Compare.
-*/
-case OP_Permutation: {
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INTARRAY );
-  assert( pOp->p4.ai );
-  aPermute = pOp->p4.ai;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Compare P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** Compare to vectors of registers in reg(P1)..reg(P1+P3-1) (all this
-** one "A") and in reg(P2)..reg(P2+P3-1) ("B").  Save the result of
-** the comparison for use by the next OP_Jump instruct.
-**
-** P4 is a KeyInfo structure that defines collating sequences and sort
-** orders for the comparison.  The permutation applies to registers
-** only.  The KeyInfo elements are used sequentially.
-**
-** The comparison is a sort comparison, so NULLs compare equal,
-** NULLs are less than numbers, numbers are less than strings,
-** and strings are less than blobs.
-*/
-case OP_Compare: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.aj */
-  int n;
-  int i;
-  int p1;
-  int p2;
-  const KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-  int idx;
-  CollSeq *pColl;    /* Collating sequence to use on this term */
-  int bRev;          /* True for DESCENDING sort order */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.aj */
-
-  u.aj.n = pOp->p3;
-  u.aj.pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
-  assert( u.aj.n>0 );
-  assert( u.aj.pKeyInfo!=0 );
-  u.aj.p1 = pOp->p1;
-  u.aj.p2 = pOp->p2;
-#if SQLITE_DEBUG
-  if( aPermute ){
-    int k, mx = 0;
-    for(k=0; k<u.aj.n; k++) if( aPermute[k]>mx ) mx = aPermute[k];
-    assert( u.aj.p1>0 && u.aj.p1+mx<=p->nMem+1 );
-    assert( u.aj.p2>0 && u.aj.p2+mx<=p->nMem+1 );
-  }else{
-    assert( u.aj.p1>0 && u.aj.p1+u.aj.n<=p->nMem+1 );
-    assert( u.aj.p2>0 && u.aj.p2+u.aj.n<=p->nMem+1 );
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
-  for(u.aj.i=0; u.aj.i<u.aj.n; u.aj.i++){
-    u.aj.idx = aPermute ? aPermute[u.aj.i] : u.aj.i;
-    REGISTER_TRACE(u.aj.p1+u.aj.idx, &aMem[u.aj.p1+u.aj.idx]);
-    REGISTER_TRACE(u.aj.p2+u.aj.idx, &aMem[u.aj.p2+u.aj.idx]);
-    assert( u.aj.i<u.aj.pKeyInfo->nField );
-    u.aj.pColl = u.aj.pKeyInfo->aColl[u.aj.i];
-    u.aj.bRev = u.aj.pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[u.aj.i];
-    iCompare = sqlite3MemCompare(&aMem[u.aj.p1+u.aj.idx], &aMem[u.aj.p2+u.aj.idx], u.aj.pColl);
-    if( iCompare ){
-      if( u.aj.bRev ) iCompare = -iCompare;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  aPermute = 0;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Jump P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Jump to the instruction at address P1, P2, or P3 depending on whether
-** in the most recent OP_Compare instruction the P1 vector was less than
-** equal to, or greater than the P2 vector, respectively.
-*/
-case OP_Jump: {             /* jump */
-  if( iCompare<0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p1 - 1;
-  }else if( iCompare==0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }else{
-    pc = pOp->p3 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: And P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Take the logical AND of the values in registers P1 and P2 and
-** write the result into register P3.
-**
-** If either P1 or P2 is 0 (false) then the result is 0 even if
-** the other input is NULL.  A NULL and true or two NULLs give
-** a NULL output.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Or P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Take the logical OR of the values in register P1 and P2 and
-** store the answer in register P3.
-**
-** If either P1 or P2 is nonzero (true) then the result is 1 (true)
-** even if the other input is NULL.  A NULL and false or two NULLs
-** give a NULL output.
-*/
-case OP_And:              /* same as TK_AND, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_Or: {             /* same as TK_OR, in1, in2, out3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ak */
-  int v1;    /* Left operand:  0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
-  int v2;    /* Right operand: 0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ak */
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    u.ak.v1 = 2;
-  }else{
-    u.ak.v1 = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1)!=0;
-  }
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  if( pIn2->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    u.ak.v2 = 2;
-  }else{
-    u.ak.v2 = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2)!=0;
-  }
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_And ){
-    static const unsigned char and_logic[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2 };
-    u.ak.v1 = and_logic[u.ak.v1*3+u.ak.v2];
-  }else{
-    static const unsigned char or_logic[] = { 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
-    u.ak.v1 = or_logic[u.ak.v1*3+u.ak.v2];
-  }
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( u.ak.v1==2 ){
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
-  }else{
-    pOut->u.i = u.ak.v1;
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Not P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Interpret the value in register P1 as a boolean value.  Store the
-** boolean complement in register P2.  If the value in register P1 is 
-** NULL, then a NULL is stored in P2.
-*/
-case OP_Not: {                /* same as TK_NOT, in1, out2 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, !sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1));
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: BitNot P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Interpret the content of register P1 as an integer.  Store the
-** ones-complement of the P1 value into register P2.  If P1 holds
-** a NULL then store a NULL in P2.
-*/
-case OP_BitNot: {             /* same as TK_BITNOT, in1, out2 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, ~sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1));
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: If P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is true.  The value is
-** is considered true if it is numeric and non-zero.  If the value
-** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if P3 is true.
-*/
-/* Opcode: IfNot P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is False.  The value is
-** is considered true if it has a numeric value of zero.  If the value
-** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if P3 is true.
-*/
-case OP_If:                 /* jump, in1 */
-case OP_IfNot: {            /* jump, in1 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.al */
-  int c;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.al */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    u.al.c = pOp->p3;
-  }else{
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-    u.al.c = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1)!=0;
-#else
-    u.al.c = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1)!=0.0;
-#endif
-    if( pOp->opcode==OP_IfNot ) u.al.c = !u.al.c;
-  }
-  if( u.al.c ){
-    pc = pOp->p2-1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IsNull P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is NULL.
-*/
-case OP_IsNull: {            /* same as TK_ISNULL, jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: NotNull P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is not NULL.  
-*/
-case OP_NotNull: {            /* same as TK_NOTNULL, jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Column P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** Interpret the data that cursor P1 points to as a structure built using
-** the MakeRecord instruction.  (See the MakeRecord opcode for additional
-** information about the format of the data.)  Extract the P2-th column
-** from this record.  If there are less that (P2+1) 
-** values in the record, extract a NULL.
-**
-** The value extracted is stored in register P3.
-**
-** If the column contains fewer than P2 fields, then extract a NULL.  Or,
-** if the P4 argument is a P4_MEM use the value of the P4 argument as
-** the result.
-**
-** If the OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE bit is set on P5 and P1 is a pseudo-table cursor,
-** then the cache of the cursor is reset prior to extracting the column.
-** The first OP_Column against a pseudo-table after the value of the content
-** register has changed should have this bit set.
-*/
-case OP_Column: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.am */
-  u32 payloadSize;   /* Number of bytes in the record */
-  i64 payloadSize64; /* Number of bytes in the record */
-  int p1;            /* P1 value of the opcode */
-  int p2;            /* column number to retrieve */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The VDBE cursor */
-  char *zRec;        /* Pointer to complete record-data */
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;   /* The BTree cursor */
-  u32 *aType;        /* aType[i] holds the numeric type of the i-th column */
-  u32 *aOffset;      /* aOffset[i] is offset to start of data for i-th column */
-  int nField;        /* number of fields in the record */
-  int len;           /* The length of the serialized data for the column */
-  int i;             /* Loop counter */
-  char *zData;       /* Part of the record being decoded */
-  Mem *pDest;        /* Where to write the extracted value */
-  Mem sMem;          /* For storing the record being decoded */
-  u8 *zIdx;          /* Index into header */
-  u8 *zEndHdr;       /* Pointer to first byte after the header */
-  u32 offset;        /* Offset into the data */
-  u32 szField;       /* Number of bytes in the content of a field */
-  int szHdr;         /* Size of the header size field at start of record */
-  int avail;         /* Number of bytes of available data */
-  Mem *pReg;         /* PseudoTable input register */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.am */
-
-
-  u.am.p1 = pOp->p1;
-  u.am.p2 = pOp->p2;
-  u.am.pC = 0;
-  memset(&u.am.sMem, 0, sizeof(u.am.sMem));
-  assert( u.am.p1<p->nCursor );
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
-  u.am.pDest = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  MemSetTypeFlag(u.am.pDest, MEM_Null);
-  u.am.zRec = 0;
-
-  /* This block sets the variable u.am.payloadSize to be the total number of
-  ** bytes in the record.
-  **
-  ** u.am.zRec is set to be the complete text of the record if it is available.
-  ** The complete record text is always available for pseudo-tables
-  ** If the record is stored in a cursor, the complete record text
-  ** might be available in the  u.am.pC->aRow cache.  Or it might not be.
-  ** If the data is unavailable,  u.am.zRec is set to NULL.
-  **
-  ** We also compute the number of columns in the record.  For cursors,
-  ** the number of columns is stored in the VdbeCursor.nField element.
-  */
-  u.am.pC = p->apCsr[u.am.p1];
-  assert( u.am.pC!=0 );
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  assert( u.am.pC->pVtabCursor==0 );
-#endif
-  u.am.pCrsr = u.am.pC->pCursor;
-  if( u.am.pCrsr!=0 ){
-    /* The record is stored in a B-Tree */
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(u.am.pC);
-    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-    if( u.am.pC->nullRow ){
-      u.am.payloadSize = 0;
-    }else if( u.am.pC->cacheStatus==p->cacheCtr ){
-      u.am.payloadSize = u.am.pC->payloadSize;
-      u.am.zRec = (char*)u.am.pC->aRow;
-    }else if( u.am.pC->isIndex ){
-      assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(u.am.pCrsr) );
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(u.am.pCrsr, &u.am.payloadSize64);
-      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );   /* True because of CursorMoveto() call above */
-      /* sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr() uses getVarint32() to extract the
-      ** payload size, so it is impossible for u.am.payloadSize64 to be
-      ** larger than 32 bits. */
-      assert( (u.am.payloadSize64 & SQLITE_MAX_U32)==(u64)u.am.payloadSize64 );
-      u.am.payloadSize = (u32)u.am.payloadSize64;
-    }else{
-      assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(u.am.pCrsr) );
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeDataSize(u.am.pCrsr, &u.am.payloadSize);
-      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );   /* DataSize() cannot fail */
-    }
-  }else if( u.am.pC->pseudoTableReg>0 ){
-    u.am.pReg = &aMem[u.am.pC->pseudoTableReg];
-    assert( u.am.pReg->flags & MEM_Blob );
-    u.am.payloadSize = u.am.pReg->n;
-    u.am.zRec = u.am.pReg->z;
-    u.am.pC->cacheStatus = (pOp->p5&OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE) ? CACHE_STALE : p->cacheCtr;
-    assert( u.am.payloadSize==0 || u.am.zRec!=0 );
-  }else{
-    /* Consider the row to be NULL */
-    u.am.payloadSize = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* If u.am.payloadSize is 0, then just store a NULL */
-  if( u.am.payloadSize==0 ){
-    assert( u.am.pDest->flags&MEM_Null );
-    goto op_column_out;
-  }
-  assert( db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]>=0 );
-  if( u.am.payloadSize > (u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-
-  u.am.nField = u.am.pC->nField;
-  assert( u.am.p2<u.am.nField );
-
-  /* Read and parse the table header.  Store the results of the parse
-  ** into the record header cache fields of the cursor.
-  */
-  u.am.aType = u.am.pC->aType;
-  if( u.am.pC->cacheStatus==p->cacheCtr ){
-    u.am.aOffset = u.am.pC->aOffset;
-  }else{
-    assert(u.am.aType);
-    u.am.avail = 0;
-    u.am.pC->aOffset = u.am.aOffset = &u.am.aType[u.am.nField];
-    u.am.pC->payloadSize = u.am.payloadSize;
-    u.am.pC->cacheStatus = p->cacheCtr;
-
-    /* Figure out how many bytes are in the header */
-    if( u.am.zRec ){
-      u.am.zData = u.am.zRec;
-    }else{
-      if( u.am.pC->isIndex ){
-        u.am.zData = (char*)sqlite3BtreeKeyFetch(u.am.pCrsr, &u.am.avail);
-      }else{
-        u.am.zData = (char*)sqlite3BtreeDataFetch(u.am.pCrsr, &u.am.avail);
-      }
-      /* If KeyFetch()/DataFetch() managed to get the entire payload,
-      ** save the payload in the u.am.pC->aRow cache.  That will save us from
-      ** having to make additional calls to fetch the content portion of
-      ** the record.
-      */
-      assert( u.am.avail>=0 );
-      if( u.am.payloadSize <= (u32)u.am.avail ){
-        u.am.zRec = u.am.zData;
-        u.am.pC->aRow = (u8*)u.am.zData;
-      }else{
-        u.am.pC->aRow = 0;
-      }
-    }
-    /* The following assert is true in all cases accept when
-    ** the database file has been corrupted externally.
-    **    assert( u.am.zRec!=0 || u.am.avail>=u.am.payloadSize || u.am.avail>=9 ); */
-    u.am.szHdr = getVarint32((u8*)u.am.zData, u.am.offset);
-
-    /* Make sure a corrupt database has not given us an oversize header.
-    ** Do this now to avoid an oversize memory allocation.
-    **
-    ** Type entries can be between 1 and 5 bytes each.  But 4 and 5 byte
-    ** types use so much data space that there can only be 4096 and 32 of
-    ** them, respectively.  So the maximum header length results from a
-    ** 3-byte type for each of the maximum of 32768 columns plus three
-    ** extra bytes for the header length itself.  32768*3 + 3 = 98307.
-    */
-    if( u.am.offset > 98307 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      goto op_column_out;
-    }
-
-    /* Compute in u.am.len the number of bytes of data we need to read in order
-    ** to get u.am.nField type values.  u.am.offset is an upper bound on this.  But
-    ** u.am.nField might be significantly less than the true number of columns
-    ** in the table, and in that case, 5*u.am.nField+3 might be smaller than u.am.offset.
-    ** We want to minimize u.am.len in order to limit the size of the memory
-    ** allocation, especially if a corrupt database file has caused u.am.offset
-    ** to be oversized. Offset is limited to 98307 above.  But 98307 might
-    ** still exceed Robson memory allocation limits on some configurations.
-    ** On systems that cannot tolerate large memory allocations, u.am.nField*5+3
-    ** will likely be much smaller since u.am.nField will likely be less than
-    ** 20 or so.  This insures that Robson memory allocation limits are
-    ** not exceeded even for corrupt database files.
-    */
-    u.am.len = u.am.nField*5 + 3;
-    if( u.am.len > (int)u.am.offset ) u.am.len = (int)u.am.offset;
-
-    /* The KeyFetch() or DataFetch() above are fast and will get the entire
-    ** record header in most cases.  But they will fail to get the complete
-    ** record header if the record header does not fit on a single page
-    ** in the B-Tree.  When that happens, use sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree() to
-    ** acquire the complete header text.
-    */
-    if( !u.am.zRec && u.am.avail<u.am.len ){
-      u.am.sMem.flags = 0;
-      u.am.sMem.db = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(u.am.pCrsr, 0, u.am.len, u.am.pC->isIndex, &u.am.sMem);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto op_column_out;
-      }
-      u.am.zData = u.am.sMem.z;
-    }
-    u.am.zEndHdr = (u8 *)&u.am.zData[u.am.len];
-    u.am.zIdx = (u8 *)&u.am.zData[u.am.szHdr];
-
-    /* Scan the header and use it to fill in the u.am.aType[] and u.am.aOffset[]
-    ** arrays.  u.am.aType[u.am.i] will contain the type integer for the u.am.i-th
-    ** column and u.am.aOffset[u.am.i] will contain the u.am.offset from the beginning
-    ** of the record to the start of the data for the u.am.i-th column
-    */
-    for(u.am.i=0; u.am.i<u.am.nField; u.am.i++){
-      if( u.am.zIdx<u.am.zEndHdr ){
-        u.am.aOffset[u.am.i] = u.am.offset;
-        u.am.zIdx += getVarint32(u.am.zIdx, u.am.aType[u.am.i]);
-        u.am.szField = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u.am.aType[u.am.i]);
-        u.am.offset += u.am.szField;
-        if( u.am.offset<u.am.szField ){  /* True if u.am.offset overflows */
-          u.am.zIdx = &u.am.zEndHdr[1];  /* Forces SQLITE_CORRUPT return below */
-          break;
-        }
-      }else{
-        /* If u.am.i is less that u.am.nField, then there are less fields in this
-        ** record than SetNumColumns indicated there are columns in the
-        ** table. Set the u.am.offset for any extra columns not present in
-        ** the record to 0. This tells code below to store a NULL
-        ** instead of deserializing a value from the record.
-        */
-        u.am.aOffset[u.am.i] = 0;
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&u.am.sMem);
-    u.am.sMem.flags = MEM_Null;
-
-    /* If we have read more header data than was contained in the header,
-    ** or if the end of the last field appears to be past the end of the
-    ** record, or if the end of the last field appears to be before the end
-    ** of the record (when all fields present), then we must be dealing
-    ** with a corrupt database.
-    */
-    if( (u.am.zIdx > u.am.zEndHdr) || (u.am.offset > u.am.payloadSize)
-         || (u.am.zIdx==u.am.zEndHdr && u.am.offset!=u.am.payloadSize) ){
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      goto op_column_out;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Get the column information. If u.am.aOffset[u.am.p2] is non-zero, then
-  ** deserialize the value from the record. If u.am.aOffset[u.am.p2] is zero,
-  ** then there are not enough fields in the record to satisfy the
-  ** request.  In this case, set the value NULL or to P4 if P4 is
-  ** a pointer to a Mem object.
-  */
-  if( u.am.aOffset[u.am.p2] ){
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-    if( u.am.zRec ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(u.am.pDest);
-      sqlite3VdbeSerialGet((u8 *)&u.am.zRec[u.am.aOffset[u.am.p2]], u.am.aType[u.am.p2], u.am.pDest);
-    }else{
-      u.am.len = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u.am.aType[u.am.p2]);
-      sqlite3VdbeMemMove(&u.am.sMem, u.am.pDest);
-      rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(u.am.pCrsr, u.am.aOffset[u.am.p2], u.am.len, u.am.pC->isIndex, &u.am.sMem);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto op_column_out;
-      }
-      u.am.zData = u.am.sMem.z;
-      sqlite3VdbeSerialGet((u8*)u.am.zData, u.am.aType[u.am.p2], u.am.pDest);
-    }
-    u.am.pDest->enc = encoding;
-  }else{
-    if( pOp->p4type==P4_MEM ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(u.am.pDest, pOp->p4.pMem, MEM_Static);
-    }else{
-      assert( u.am.pDest->flags&MEM_Null );
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If we dynamically allocated space to hold the data (in the
-  ** sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree() call above) then transfer control of that
-  ** dynamically allocated space over to the u.am.pDest structure.
-  ** This prevents a memory copy.
-  */
-  if( u.am.sMem.zMalloc ){
-    assert( u.am.sMem.z==u.am.sMem.zMalloc );
-    assert( !(u.am.pDest->flags & MEM_Dyn) );
-    assert( !(u.am.pDest->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str)) || u.am.pDest->z==u.am.sMem.z );
-    u.am.pDest->flags &= ~(MEM_Ephem|MEM_Static);
-    u.am.pDest->flags |= MEM_Term;
-    u.am.pDest->z = u.am.sMem.z;
-    u.am.pDest->zMalloc = u.am.sMem.zMalloc;
-  }
-
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(u.am.pDest);
-
-op_column_out:
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(u.am.pDest);
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, u.am.pDest);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Affinity P1 P2 * P4 *
-**
-** Apply affinities to a range of P2 registers starting with P1.
-**
-** P4 is a string that is P2 characters long. The nth character of the
-** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
-** memory cell in the range.
-*/
-case OP_Affinity: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.an */
-  const char *zAffinity;   /* The affinity to be applied */
-  char cAff;               /* A single character of affinity */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.an */
-
-  u.an.zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
-  assert( u.an.zAffinity!=0 );
-  assert( u.an.zAffinity[pOp->p2]==0 );
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  while( (u.an.cAff = *(u.an.zAffinity++))!=0 ){
-    assert( pIn1 <= &p->aMem[p->nMem] );
-    ExpandBlob(pIn1);
-    applyAffinity(pIn1, u.an.cAff, encoding);
-    pIn1++;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: MakeRecord P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** Convert P2 registers beginning with P1 into a single entry
-** suitable for use as a data record in a database table or as a key
-** in an index.  The details of the format are irrelevant as long as
-** the OP_Column opcode can decode the record later.
-** Refer to source code comments for the details of the record
-** format.
-**
-** P4 may be a string that is P2 characters long.  The nth character of the
-** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
-** field of the index key.
-**
-** The mapping from character to affinity is given by the SQLITE_AFF_
-** macros defined in sqliteInt.h.
-**
-** If P4 is NULL then all index fields have the affinity NONE.
-*/
-case OP_MakeRecord: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ao */
-  u8 *zNewRecord;        /* A buffer to hold the data for the new record */
-  Mem *pRec;             /* The new record */
-  u64 nData;             /* Number of bytes of data space */
-  int nHdr;              /* Number of bytes of header space */
-  i64 nByte;             /* Data space required for this record */
-  int nZero;             /* Number of zero bytes at the end of the record */
-  int nVarint;           /* Number of bytes in a varint */
-  u32 serial_type;       /* Type field */
-  Mem *pData0;           /* First field to be combined into the record */
-  Mem *pLast;            /* Last field of the record */
-  int nField;            /* Number of fields in the record */
-  char *zAffinity;       /* The affinity string for the record */
-  int file_format;       /* File format to use for encoding */
-  int i;                 /* Space used in zNewRecord[] */
-  int len;               /* Length of a field */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ao */
-
-  /* Assuming the record contains N fields, the record format looks
-  ** like this:
-  **
-  ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  ** | hdr-size | type 0 | type 1 | ... | type N-1 | data0 | ... | data N-1 |
-  ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  **
-  ** Data(0) is taken from register P1.  Data(1) comes from register P1+1
-  ** and so froth.
-  **
-  ** Each type field is a varint representing the serial type of the
-  ** corresponding data element (see sqlite3VdbeSerialType()). The
-  ** hdr-size field is also a varint which is the offset from the beginning
-  ** of the record to data0.
-  */
-  u.ao.nData = 0;         /* Number of bytes of data space */
-  u.ao.nHdr = 0;          /* Number of bytes of header space */
-  u.ao.nByte = 0;         /* Data space required for this record */
-  u.ao.nZero = 0;         /* Number of zero bytes at the end of the record */
-  u.ao.nField = pOp->p1;
-  u.ao.zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
-  assert( u.ao.nField>0 && pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+u.ao.nField<=p->nMem+1 );
-  u.ao.pData0 = &aMem[u.ao.nField];
-  u.ao.nField = pOp->p2;
-  u.ao.pLast = &u.ao.pData0[u.ao.nField-1];
-  u.ao.file_format = p->minWriteFileFormat;
-
-  /* Loop through the elements that will make up the record to figure
-  ** out how much space is required for the new record.
-  */
-  for(u.ao.pRec=u.ao.pData0; u.ao.pRec<=u.ao.pLast; u.ao.pRec++){
-    if( u.ao.zAffinity ){
-      applyAffinity(u.ao.pRec, u.ao.zAffinity[u.ao.pRec-u.ao.pData0], encoding);
-    }
-    if( u.ao.pRec->flags&MEM_Zero && u.ao.pRec->n>0 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(u.ao.pRec);
-    }
-    u.ao.serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(u.ao.pRec, u.ao.file_format);
-    u.ao.len = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u.ao.serial_type);
-    u.ao.nData += u.ao.len;
-    u.ao.nHdr += sqlite3VarintLen(u.ao.serial_type);
-    if( u.ao.pRec->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-      /* Only pure zero-filled BLOBs can be input to this Opcode.
-      ** We do not allow blobs with a prefix and a zero-filled tail. */
-      u.ao.nZero += u.ao.pRec->u.nZero;
-    }else if( u.ao.len ){
-      u.ao.nZero = 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Add the initial header varint and total the size */
-  u.ao.nHdr += u.ao.nVarint = sqlite3VarintLen(u.ao.nHdr);
-  if( u.ao.nVarint<sqlite3VarintLen(u.ao.nHdr) ){
-    u.ao.nHdr++;
-  }
-  u.ao.nByte = u.ao.nHdr+u.ao.nData-u.ao.nZero;
-  if( u.ao.nByte>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure the output register has a buffer large enough to store
-  ** the new record. The output register (pOp->p3) is not allowed to
-  ** be one of the input registers (because the following call to
-  ** sqlite3VdbeMemGrow() could clobber the value before it is used).
-  */
-  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p1 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p1+pOp->p2 );
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pOut, (int)u.ao.nByte, 0) ){
-    goto no_mem;
-  }
-  u.ao.zNewRecord = (u8 *)pOut->z;
-
-  /* Write the record */
-  u.ao.i = putVarint32(u.ao.zNewRecord, u.ao.nHdr);
-  for(u.ao.pRec=u.ao.pData0; u.ao.pRec<=u.ao.pLast; u.ao.pRec++){
-    u.ao.serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(u.ao.pRec, u.ao.file_format);
-    u.ao.i += putVarint32(&u.ao.zNewRecord[u.ao.i], u.ao.serial_type);      /* serial type */
-  }
-  for(u.ao.pRec=u.ao.pData0; u.ao.pRec<=u.ao.pLast; u.ao.pRec++){  /* serial data */
-    u.ao.i += sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(&u.ao.zNewRecord[u.ao.i], (int)(u.ao.nByte-u.ao.i), u.ao.pRec,u.ao.file_format);
-  }
-  assert( u.ao.i==u.ao.nByte );
-
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
-  pOut->n = (int)u.ao.nByte;
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Blob | MEM_Dyn;
-  pOut->xDel = 0;
-  if( u.ao.nZero ){
-    pOut->u.nZero = u.ao.nZero;
-    pOut->flags |= MEM_Zero;
-  }
-  pOut->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;  /* In case the blob is ever converted to text */
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Count P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Store the number of entries (an integer value) in the table or index 
-** opened by cursor P1 in register P2
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
-case OP_Count: {         /* out2-prerelease */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ap */
-  i64 nEntry;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ap */
-
-  u.ap.pCrsr = p->apCsr[pOp->p1]->pCursor;
-  if( u.ap.pCrsr ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeCount(u.ap.pCrsr, &u.ap.nEntry);
-  }else{
-    u.ap.nEntry = 0;
-  }
-  pOut->u.i = u.ap.nEntry;
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Opcode: Savepoint P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** Open, release or rollback the savepoint named by parameter P4, depending
-** on the value of P1. To open a new savepoint, P1==0. To release (commit) an
-** existing savepoint, P1==1, or to rollback an existing savepoint P1==2.
-*/
-case OP_Savepoint: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.aq */
-  int p1;                         /* Value of P1 operand */
-  char *zName;                    /* Name of savepoint */
-  int nName;
-  Savepoint *pNew;
-  Savepoint *pSavepoint;
-  Savepoint *pTmp;
-  int iSavepoint;
-  int ii;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.aq */
-
-  u.aq.p1 = pOp->p1;
-  u.aq.zName = pOp->p4.z;
-
-  /* Assert that the u.aq.p1 parameter is valid. Also that if there is no open
-  ** transaction, then there cannot be any savepoints.
-  */
-  assert( db->pSavepoint==0 || db->autoCommit==0 );
-  assert( u.aq.p1==SAVEPOINT_BEGIN||u.aq.p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE||u.aq.p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK );
-  assert( db->pSavepoint || db->isTransactionSavepoint==0 );
-  assert( checkSavepointCount(db) );
-
-  if( u.aq.p1==SAVEPOINT_BEGIN ){
-    if( db->writeVdbeCnt>0 ){
-      /* A new savepoint cannot be created if there are active write
-      ** statements (i.e. open read/write incremental blob handles).
-      */
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "cannot open savepoint - "
-        "SQL statements in progress");
-      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }else{
-      u.aq.nName = sqlite3Strlen30(u.aq.zName);
-
-      /* Create a new savepoint structure. */
-      u.aq.pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(Savepoint)+u.aq.nName+1);
-      if( u.aq.pNew ){
-        u.aq.pNew->zName = (char *)&u.aq.pNew[1];
-        memcpy(u.aq.pNew->zName, u.aq.zName, u.aq.nName+1);
-
-        /* If there is no open transaction, then mark this as a special
-        ** "transaction savepoint". */
-        if( db->autoCommit ){
-          db->autoCommit = 0;
-          db->isTransactionSavepoint = 1;
-        }else{
-          db->nSavepoint++;
-        }
-
-        /* Link the new savepoint into the database handle's list. */
-        u.aq.pNew->pNext = db->pSavepoint;
-        db->pSavepoint = u.aq.pNew;
-        u.aq.pNew->nDeferredCons = db->nDeferredCons;
-      }
-    }
-  }else{
-    u.aq.iSavepoint = 0;
-
-    /* Find the named savepoint. If there is no such savepoint, then an
-    ** an error is returned to the user.  */
-    for(
-      u.aq.pSavepoint = db->pSavepoint;
-      u.aq.pSavepoint && sqlite3StrICmp(u.aq.pSavepoint->zName, u.aq.zName);
-      u.aq.pSavepoint = u.aq.pSavepoint->pNext
-    ){
-      u.aq.iSavepoint++;
-    }
-    if( !u.aq.pSavepoint ){
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "no such savepoint: %s", u.aq.zName);
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }else if(
-        db->writeVdbeCnt>0 || (u.aq.p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK && db->activeVdbeCnt>1)
-    ){
-      /* It is not possible to release (commit) a savepoint if there are
-      ** active write statements. It is not possible to rollback a savepoint
-      ** if there are any active statements at all.
-      */
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db,
-        "cannot %s savepoint - SQL statements in progress",
-        (u.aq.p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK ? "rollback": "release")
-      );
-      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }else{
-
-      /* Determine whether or not this is a transaction savepoint. If so,
-      ** and this is a RELEASE command, then the current transaction
-      ** is committed.
-      */
-      int isTransaction = u.aq.pSavepoint->pNext==0 && db->isTransactionSavepoint;
-      if( isTransaction && u.aq.p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
-        if( (rc = sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 1))!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          goto vdbe_return;
-        }
-        db->autoCommit = 1;
-        if( sqlite3VdbeHalt(p)==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-          p->pc = pc;
-          db->autoCommit = 0;
-          p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-          goto vdbe_return;
-        }
-        db->isTransactionSavepoint = 0;
-        rc = p->rc;
-      }else{
-        u.aq.iSavepoint = db->nSavepoint - u.aq.iSavepoint - 1;
-        for(u.aq.ii=0; u.aq.ii<db->nDb; u.aq.ii++){
-          rc = sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(db->aDb[u.aq.ii].pBt, u.aq.p1, u.aq.iSavepoint);
-          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-            goto abort_due_to_error;
-          }
-        }
-        if( u.aq.p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK && (db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges)!=0 ){
-          sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-          sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-        }
-      }
-
-      /* Regardless of whether this is a RELEASE or ROLLBACK, destroy all
-      ** savepoints nested inside of the savepoint being operated on. */
-      while( db->pSavepoint!=u.aq.pSavepoint ){
-        u.aq.pTmp = db->pSavepoint;
-        db->pSavepoint = u.aq.pTmp->pNext;
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, u.aq.pTmp);
-        db->nSavepoint--;
-      }
-
-      /* If it is a RELEASE, then destroy the savepoint being operated on
-      ** too. If it is a ROLLBACK TO, then set the number of deferred
-      ** constraint violations present in the database to the value stored
-      ** when the savepoint was created.  */
-      if( u.aq.p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
-        assert( u.aq.pSavepoint==db->pSavepoint );
-        db->pSavepoint = u.aq.pSavepoint->pNext;
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, u.aq.pSavepoint);
-        if( !isTransaction ){
-          db->nSavepoint--;
-        }
-      }else{
-        db->nDeferredCons = u.aq.pSavepoint->nDeferredCons;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: AutoCommit P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Set the database auto-commit flag to P1 (1 or 0). If P2 is true, roll
-** back any currently active btree transactions. If there are any active
-** VMs (apart from this one), then a ROLLBACK fails.  A COMMIT fails if
-** there are active writing VMs or active VMs that use shared cache.
-**
-** This instruction causes the VM to halt.
-*/
-case OP_AutoCommit: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ar */
-  int desiredAutoCommit;
-  int iRollback;
-  int turnOnAC;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ar */
-
-  u.ar.desiredAutoCommit = pOp->p1;
-  u.ar.iRollback = pOp->p2;
-  u.ar.turnOnAC = u.ar.desiredAutoCommit && !db->autoCommit;
-  assert( u.ar.desiredAutoCommit==1 || u.ar.desiredAutoCommit==0 );
-  assert( u.ar.desiredAutoCommit==1 || u.ar.iRollback==0 );
-  assert( db->activeVdbeCnt>0 );  /* At least this one VM is active */
-
-  if( u.ar.turnOnAC && u.ar.iRollback && db->activeVdbeCnt>1 ){
-    /* If this instruction implements a ROLLBACK and other VMs are
-    ** still running, and a transaction is active, return an error indicating
-    ** that the other VMs must complete first.
-    */
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "cannot rollback transaction - "
-        "SQL statements in progress");
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }else if( u.ar.turnOnAC && !u.ar.iRollback && db->writeVdbeCnt>0 ){
-    /* If this instruction implements a COMMIT and other VMs are writing
-    ** return an error indicating that the other VMs must complete first.
-    */
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "cannot commit transaction - "
-        "SQL statements in progress");
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }else if( u.ar.desiredAutoCommit!=db->autoCommit ){
-    if( u.ar.iRollback ){
-      assert( u.ar.desiredAutoCommit==1 );
-      sqlite3RollbackAll(db);
-      db->autoCommit = 1;
-    }else if( (rc = sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 1))!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto vdbe_return;
-    }else{
-      db->autoCommit = (u8)u.ar.desiredAutoCommit;
-      if( sqlite3VdbeHalt(p)==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-        p->pc = pc;
-        db->autoCommit = (u8)(1-u.ar.desiredAutoCommit);
-        p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-        goto vdbe_return;
-      }
-    }
-    assert( db->nStatement==0 );
-    sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);
-    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-    }else{
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    goto vdbe_return;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db,
-        (!u.ar.desiredAutoCommit)?"cannot start a transaction within a transaction":(
-        (u.ar.iRollback)?"cannot rollback - no transaction is active":
-                   "cannot commit - no transaction is active"));
-
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Transaction P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Begin a transaction.  The transaction ends when a Commit or Rollback
-** opcode is encountered.  Depending on the ON CONFLICT setting, the
-** transaction might also be rolled back if an error is encountered.
-**
-** P1 is the index of the database file on which the transaction is
-** started.  Index 0 is the main database file and index 1 is the
-** file used for temporary tables.  Indices of 2 or more are used for
-** attached databases.
-**
-** If P2 is non-zero, then a write-transaction is started.  A RESERVED lock is
-** obtained on the database file when a write-transaction is started.  No
-** other process can start another write transaction while this transaction is
-** underway.  Starting a write transaction also creates a rollback journal. A
-** write transaction must be started before any changes can be made to the
-** database.  If P2 is 2 or greater then an EXCLUSIVE lock is also obtained
-** on the file.
-**
-** If a write-transaction is started and the Vdbe.usesStmtJournal flag is
-** true (this flag is set if the Vdbe may modify more than one row and may
-** throw an ABORT exception), a statement transaction may also be opened.
-** More specifically, a statement transaction is opened iff the database
-** connection is currently not in autocommit mode, or if there are other
-** active statements. A statement transaction allows the affects of this
-** VDBE to be rolled back after an error without having to roll back the
-** entire transaction. If no error is encountered, the statement transaction
-** will automatically commit when the VDBE halts.
-**
-** If P2 is zero, then a read-lock is obtained on the database file.
-*/
-case OP_Transaction: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.as */
-  Btree *pBt;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.as */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
-  u.as.pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
-
-  if( u.as.pBt ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(u.as.pBt, pOp->p2);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-      p->pc = pc;
-      p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-      goto vdbe_return;
-    }
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto abort_due_to_error;
-    }
-
-    if( pOp->p2 && p->usesStmtJournal
-     && (db->autoCommit==0 || db->activeVdbeCnt>1)
-    ){
-      assert( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(u.as.pBt) );
-      if( p->iStatement==0 ){
-        assert( db->nStatement>=0 && db->nSavepoint>=0 );
-        db->nStatement++;
-        p->iStatement = db->nSavepoint + db->nStatement;
-      }
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginStmt(u.as.pBt, p->iStatement);
-
-      /* Store the current value of the database handles deferred constraint
-      ** counter. If the statement transaction needs to be rolled back,
-      ** the value of this counter needs to be restored too.  */
-      p->nStmtDefCons = db->nDeferredCons;
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: ReadCookie P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Read cookie number P3 from database P1 and write it into register P2.
-** P3==1 is the schema version.  P3==2 is the database format.
-** P3==3 is the recommended pager cache size, and so forth.  P1==0 is
-** the main database file and P1==1 is the database file used to store
-** temporary tables.
-**
-** There must be a read-lock on the database (either a transaction
-** must be started or there must be an open cursor) before
-** executing this instruction.
-*/
-case OP_ReadCookie: {               /* out2-prerelease */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.at */
-  int iMeta;
-  int iDb;
-  int iCookie;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.at */
-
-  u.at.iDb = pOp->p1;
-  u.at.iCookie = pOp->p3;
-  assert( pOp->p3<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
-  assert( u.at.iDb>=0 && u.at.iDb<db->nDb );
-  assert( db->aDb[u.at.iDb].pBt!=0 );
-  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<u.at.iDb))!=0 );
-
-  sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(db->aDb[u.at.iDb].pBt, u.at.iCookie, (u32 *)&u.at.iMeta);
-  pOut->u.i = u.at.iMeta;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: SetCookie P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Write the content of register P3 (interpreted as an integer)
-** into cookie number P2 of database P1.  P2==1 is the schema version.  
-** P2==2 is the database format. P2==3 is the recommended pager cache 
-** size, and so forth.  P1==0 is the main database file and P1==1 is the 
-** database file used to store temporary tables.
-**
-** A transaction must be started before executing this opcode.
-*/
-case OP_SetCookie: {       /* in3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.au */
-  Db *pDb;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.au */
-  assert( pOp->p2<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
-  u.au.pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.au.pDb->pBt!=0 );
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
-  /* See note about index shifting on OP_ReadCookie */
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(u.au.pDb->pBt, pOp->p2, (int)pIn3->u.i);
-  if( pOp->p2==BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION ){
-    /* When the schema cookie changes, record the new cookie internally */
-    u.au.pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = (int)pIn3->u.i;
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
-  }else if( pOp->p2==BTREE_FILE_FORMAT ){
-    /* Record changes in the file format */
-    u.au.pDb->pSchema->file_format = (u8)pIn3->u.i;
-  }
-  if( pOp->p1==1 ){
-    /* Invalidate all prepared statements whenever the TEMP database
-    ** schema is changed.  Ticket #1644 */
-    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-    p->expired = 0;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: VerifyCookie P1 P2 *
-**
-** Check the value of global database parameter number 0 (the
-** schema version) and make sure it is equal to P2.  
-** P1 is the database number which is 0 for the main database file
-** and 1 for the file holding temporary tables and some higher number
-** for auxiliary databases.
-**
-** The cookie changes its value whenever the database schema changes.
-** This operation is used to detect when that the cookie has changed
-** and that the current process needs to reread the schema.
-**
-** Either a transaction needs to have been started or an OP_Open needs
-** to be executed (to establish a read lock) before this opcode is
-** invoked.
-*/
-case OP_VerifyCookie: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.av */
-  int iMeta;
-  Btree *pBt;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.av */
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
-  u.av.pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
-  if( u.av.pBt ){
-    sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(u.av.pBt, BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION, (u32 *)&u.av.iMeta);
-  }else{
-    u.av.iMeta = 0;
-  }
-  if( u.av.iMeta!=pOp->p2 ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, "database schema has changed");
-    /* If the schema-cookie from the database file matches the cookie
-    ** stored with the in-memory representation of the schema, do
-    ** not reload the schema from the database file.
-    **
-    ** If virtual-tables are in use, this is not just an optimization.
-    ** Often, v-tables store their data in other SQLite tables, which
-    ** are queried from within xNext() and other v-table methods using
-    ** prepared queries. If such a query is out-of-date, we do not want to
-    ** discard the database schema, as the user code implementing the
-    ** v-table would have to be ready for the sqlite3_vtab structure itself
-    ** to be invalidated whenever sqlite3_step() is called from within
-    ** a v-table method.
-    */
-    if( db->aDb[pOp->p1].pSchema->schema_cookie!=u.av.iMeta ){
-      sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, pOp->p1);
-    }
-
-    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-    rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: OpenRead P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** Open a read-only cursor for the database table whose root page is
-** P2 in a database file.  The database file is determined by P3. 
-** P3==0 means the main database, P3==1 means the database used for 
-** temporary tables, and P3>1 means used the corresponding attached
-** database.  Give the new cursor an identifier of P1.  The P1
-** values need not be contiguous but all P1 values should be small integers.
-** It is an error for P1 to be negative.
-**
-** If P5!=0 then use the content of register P2 as the root page, not
-** the value of P2 itself.
-**
-** There will be a read lock on the database whenever there is an
-** open cursor.  If the database was unlocked prior to this instruction
-** then a read lock is acquired as part of this instruction.  A read
-** lock allows other processes to read the database but prohibits
-** any other process from modifying the database.  The read lock is
-** released when all cursors are closed.  If this instruction attempts
-** to get a read lock but fails, the script terminates with an
-** SQLITE_BUSY error code.
-**
-** The P4 value may be either an integer (P4_INT32) or a pointer to
-** a KeyInfo structure (P4_KEYINFO). If it is a pointer to a KeyInfo 
-** structure, then said structure defines the content and collating 
-** sequence of the index being opened. Otherwise, if P4 is an integer 
-** value, it is set to the number of columns in the table.
-**
-** See also OpenWrite.
-*/
-/* Opcode: OpenWrite P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** Open a read/write cursor named P1 on the table or index whose root
-** page is P2.  Or if P5!=0 use the content of register P2 to find the
-** root page.
-**
-** The P4 value may be either an integer (P4_INT32) or a pointer to
-** a KeyInfo structure (P4_KEYINFO). If it is a pointer to a KeyInfo 
-** structure, then said structure defines the content and collating 
-** sequence of the index being opened. Otherwise, if P4 is an integer 
-** value, it is set to the number of columns in the table, or to the
-** largest index of any column of the table that is actually used.
-**
-** This instruction works just like OpenRead except that it opens the cursor
-** in read/write mode.  For a given table, there can be one or more read-only
-** cursors or a single read/write cursor but not both.
-**
-** See also OpenRead.
-*/
-case OP_OpenRead:
-case OP_OpenWrite: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.aw */
-  int nField;
-  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-  int p2;
-  int iDb;
-  int wrFlag;
-  Btree *pX;
-  VdbeCursor *pCur;
-  Db *pDb;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.aw */
-
-  if( p->expired ){
-    rc = SQLITE_ABORT;
-    break;
-  }
-
-  u.aw.nField = 0;
-  u.aw.pKeyInfo = 0;
-  u.aw.p2 = pOp->p2;
-  u.aw.iDb = pOp->p3;
-  assert( u.aw.iDb>=0 && u.aw.iDb<db->nDb );
-  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<u.aw.iDb))!=0 );
-  u.aw.pDb = &db->aDb[u.aw.iDb];
-  u.aw.pX = u.aw.pDb->pBt;
-  assert( u.aw.pX!=0 );
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenWrite ){
-    u.aw.wrFlag = 1;
-    if( u.aw.pDb->pSchema->file_format < p->minWriteFileFormat ){
-      p->minWriteFileFormat = u.aw.pDb->pSchema->file_format;
-    }
-  }else{
-    u.aw.wrFlag = 0;
-  }
-  if( pOp->p5 ){
-    assert( u.aw.p2>0 );
-    assert( u.aw.p2<=p->nMem );
-    pIn2 = &aMem[u.aw.p2];
-    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
-    u.aw.p2 = (int)pIn2->u.i;
-    /* The u.aw.p2 value always comes from a prior OP_CreateTable opcode and
-    ** that opcode will always set the u.aw.p2 value to 2 or more or else fail.
-    ** If there were a failure, the prepared statement would have halted
-    ** before reaching this instruction. */
-    if( NEVER(u.aw.p2<2) ) {
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      goto abort_due_to_error;
-    }
-  }
-  if( pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO ){
-    u.aw.pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
-    u.aw.pKeyInfo->enc = ENC(p->db);
-    u.aw.nField = u.aw.pKeyInfo->nField+1;
-  }else if( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 ){
-    u.aw.nField = pOp->p4.i;
-  }
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
-  u.aw.pCur = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, u.aw.nField, u.aw.iDb, 1);
-  if( u.aw.pCur==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  u.aw.pCur->nullRow = 1;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(u.aw.pX, u.aw.p2, u.aw.wrFlag, u.aw.pKeyInfo, u.aw.pCur->pCursor);
-  u.aw.pCur->pKeyInfo = u.aw.pKeyInfo;
-
-  /* Since it performs no memory allocation or IO, the only values that
-  ** sqlite3BtreeCursor() may return are SQLITE_EMPTY and SQLITE_OK.
-  ** SQLITE_EMPTY is only returned when attempting to open the table
-  ** rooted at page 1 of a zero-byte database.  */
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY || rc==SQLITE_OK );
-  if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
-    u.aw.pCur->pCursor = 0;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  /* Set the VdbeCursor.isTable and isIndex variables. Previous versions of
-  ** SQLite used to check if the root-page flags were sane at this point
-  ** and report database corruption if they were not, but this check has
-  ** since moved into the btree layer.  */
-  u.aw.pCur->isTable = pOp->p4type!=P4_KEYINFO;
-  u.aw.pCur->isIndex = !u.aw.pCur->isTable;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: OpenEphemeral P1 P2 * P4 *
-**
-** Open a new cursor P1 to a transient table.
-** The cursor is always opened read/write even if 
-** the main database is read-only.  The transient or virtual
-** table is deleted automatically when the cursor is closed.
-**
-** P2 is the number of columns in the virtual table.
-** The cursor points to a BTree table if P4==0 and to a BTree index
-** if P4 is not 0.  If P4 is not NULL, it points to a KeyInfo structure
-** that defines the format of keys in the index.
-**
-** This opcode was once called OpenTemp.  But that created
-** confusion because the term "temp table", might refer either
-** to a TEMP table at the SQL level, or to a table opened by
-** this opcode.  Then this opcode was call OpenVirtual.  But
-** that created confusion with the whole virtual-table idea.
-*/
-case OP_OpenEphemeral: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ax */
-  VdbeCursor *pCx;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ax */
-  static const int openFlags =
-      SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE |
-      SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
-      SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
-      SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
-      SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
-  u.ax.pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, -1, 1);
-  if( u.ax.pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  u.ax.pCx->nullRow = 1;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeFactory(db, 0, 1, SQLITE_DEFAULT_TEMP_CACHE_SIZE, openFlags,
-                           &u.ax.pCx->pBt);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(u.ax.pCx->pBt, 1);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* If a transient index is required, create it by calling
-    ** sqlite3BtreeCreateTable() with the BTREE_ZERODATA flag before
-    ** opening it. If a transient table is required, just use the
-    ** automatically created table with root-page 1 (an INTKEY table).
-    */
-    if( pOp->p4.pKeyInfo ){
-      int pgno;
-      assert( pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO );
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(u.ax.pCx->pBt, &pgno, BTREE_ZERODATA);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        assert( pgno==MASTER_ROOT+1 );
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(u.ax.pCx->pBt, pgno, 1,
-                                (KeyInfo*)pOp->p4.z, u.ax.pCx->pCursor);
-        u.ax.pCx->pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
-        u.ax.pCx->pKeyInfo->enc = ENC(p->db);
-      }
-      u.ax.pCx->isTable = 0;
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(u.ax.pCx->pBt, MASTER_ROOT, 1, 0, u.ax.pCx->pCursor);
-      u.ax.pCx->isTable = 1;
-    }
-  }
-  u.ax.pCx->isIndex = !u.ax.pCx->isTable;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: OpenPseudo P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Open a new cursor that points to a fake table that contains a single
-** row of data.  The content of that one row in the content of memory
-** register P2.  In other words, cursor P1 becomes an alias for the 
-** MEM_Blob content contained in register P2.
-**
-** A pseudo-table created by this opcode is used to hold a single
-** row output from the sorter so that the row can be decomposed into
-** individual columns using the OP_Column opcode.  The OP_Column opcode
-** is the only cursor opcode that works with a pseudo-table.
-**
-** P3 is the number of fields in the records that will be stored by
-** the pseudo-table.
-*/
-case OP_OpenPseudo: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ay */
-  VdbeCursor *pCx;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ay */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
-  u.ay.pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p3, -1, 0);
-  if( u.ay.pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  u.ay.pCx->nullRow = 1;
-  u.ay.pCx->pseudoTableReg = pOp->p2;
-  u.ay.pCx->isTable = 1;
-  u.ay.pCx->isIndex = 0;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Close P1 * * * *
-**
-** Close a cursor previously opened as P1.  If P1 is not
-** currently open, this instruction is a no-op.
-*/
-case OP_Close: {
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, p->apCsr[pOp->p1]);
-  p->apCsr[pOp->p1] = 0;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: SeekGe P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as the key.  If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
-**
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that  it points to the smallest entry that 
-** is greater than or equal to the key value. If there are no records 
-** greater than or equal to the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, SeekLt, SeekGt, SeekLe
-*/
-/* Opcode: SeekGt P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
-**
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that  it points to the smallest entry that 
-** is greater than the key value. If there are no records greater than 
-** the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, SeekLt, SeekGe, SeekLe
-*/
-/* Opcode: SeekLt P1 P2 P3 P4 * 
-**
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
-**
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that  it points to the largest entry that 
-** is less than the key value. If there are no records less than 
-** the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, SeekGt, SeekGe, SeekLe
-*/
-/* Opcode: SeekLe P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
-**
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that it points to the largest entry that 
-** is less than or equal to the key value. If there are no records 
-** less than or equal to the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, SeekGt, SeekGe, SeekLt
-*/
-case OP_SeekLt:         /* jump, in3 */
-case OP_SeekLe:         /* jump, in3 */
-case OP_SeekGe:         /* jump, in3 */
-case OP_SeekGt: {       /* jump, in3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.az */
-  int res;
-  int oc;
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  UnpackedRecord r;
-  int nField;
-  i64 iKey;      /* The rowid we are to seek to */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.az */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  assert( pOp->p2!=0 );
-  u.az.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.az.pC!=0 );
-  assert( u.az.pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
-  assert( OP_SeekLe == OP_SeekLt+1 );
-  assert( OP_SeekGe == OP_SeekLt+2 );
-  assert( OP_SeekGt == OP_SeekLt+3 );
-  if( u.az.pC->pCursor!=0 ){
-    u.az.oc = pOp->opcode;
-    u.az.pC->nullRow = 0;
-    if( u.az.pC->isTable ){
-      /* The input value in P3 might be of any type: integer, real, string,
-      ** blob, or NULL.  But it needs to be an integer before we can do
-      ** the seek, so covert it. */
-      pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-      applyNumericAffinity(pIn3);
-      u.az.iKey = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn3);
-      u.az.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
-
-      /* If the P3 value could not be converted into an integer without
-      ** loss of information, then special processing is required... */
-      if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
-        if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Real)==0 ){
-          /* If the P3 value cannot be converted into any kind of a number,
-          ** then the seek is not possible, so jump to P2 */
-          pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-          break;
-        }
-        /* If we reach this point, then the P3 value must be a floating
-        ** point number. */
-        assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Real)!=0 );
-
-        if( u.az.iKey==SMALLEST_INT64 && (pIn3->r<(double)u.az.iKey || pIn3->r>0) ){
-          /* The P3 value is too large in magnitude to be expressed as an
-          ** integer. */
-          u.az.res = 1;
-          if( pIn3->r<0 ){
-            if( u.az.oc>=OP_SeekGe ){  assert( u.az.oc==OP_SeekGe || u.az.oc==OP_SeekGt );
-              rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(u.az.pC->pCursor, &u.az.res);
-              if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-            }
-          }else{
-            if( u.az.oc<=OP_SeekLe ){  assert( u.az.oc==OP_SeekLt || u.az.oc==OP_SeekLe );
-              rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(u.az.pC->pCursor, &u.az.res);
-              if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-            }
-          }
-          if( u.az.res ){
-            pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-          }
-          break;
-        }else if( u.az.oc==OP_SeekLt || u.az.oc==OP_SeekGe ){
-          /* Use the ceiling() function to convert real->int */
-          if( pIn3->r > (double)u.az.iKey ) u.az.iKey++;
-        }else{
-          /* Use the floor() function to convert real->int */
-          assert( u.az.oc==OP_SeekLe || u.az.oc==OP_SeekGt );
-          if( pIn3->r < (double)u.az.iKey ) u.az.iKey--;
-        }
-      }
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.az.pC->pCursor, 0, (u64)u.az.iKey, 0, &u.az.res);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
-      }
-      if( u.az.res==0 ){
-        u.az.pC->rowidIsValid = 1;
-        u.az.pC->lastRowid = u.az.iKey;
-      }
-    }else{
-      u.az.nField = pOp->p4.i;
-      assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
-      assert( u.az.nField>0 );
-      u.az.r.pKeyInfo = u.az.pC->pKeyInfo;
-      u.az.r.nField = (u16)u.az.nField;
-
-      /* The next line of code computes as follows, only faster:
-      **   if( u.az.oc==OP_SeekGt || u.az.oc==OP_SeekLe ){
-      **     u.az.r.flags = UNPACKED_INCRKEY;
-      **   }else{
-      **     u.az.r.flags = 0;
-      **   }
-      */
-      u.az.r.flags = (u16)(UNPACKED_INCRKEY * (1 & (u.az.oc - OP_SeekLt)));
-      assert( u.az.oc!=OP_SeekGt || u.az.r.flags==UNPACKED_INCRKEY );
-      assert( u.az.oc!=OP_SeekLe || u.az.r.flags==UNPACKED_INCRKEY );
-      assert( u.az.oc!=OP_SeekGe || u.az.r.flags==0 );
-      assert( u.az.oc!=OP_SeekLt || u.az.r.flags==0 );
-
-      u.az.r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-      ExpandBlob(u.az.r.aMem);
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.az.pC->pCursor, &u.az.r, 0, 0, &u.az.res);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
-      }
-      u.az.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
-    }
-    u.az.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-    u.az.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-    sqlite3_search_count++;
-#endif
-    if( u.az.oc>=OP_SeekGe ){  assert( u.az.oc==OP_SeekGe || u.az.oc==OP_SeekGt );
-      if( u.az.res<0 || (u.az.res==0 && u.az.oc==OP_SeekGt) ){
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(u.az.pC->pCursor, &u.az.res);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-        u.az.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
-      }else{
-        u.az.res = 0;
-      }
-    }else{
-      assert( u.az.oc==OP_SeekLt || u.az.oc==OP_SeekLe );
-      if( u.az.res>0 || (u.az.res==0 && u.az.oc==OP_SeekLt) ){
-        rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(u.az.pC->pCursor, &u.az.res);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-        u.az.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
-      }else{
-        /* u.az.res might be negative because the table is empty.  Check to
-        ** see if this is the case.
-        */
-        u.az.res = sqlite3BtreeEof(u.az.pC->pCursor);
-      }
-    }
-    assert( pOp->p2>0 );
-    if( u.az.res ){
-      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* This happens when attempting to open the sqlite3_master table
-    ** for read access returns SQLITE_EMPTY. In this case always
-    ** take the jump (since there are no records in the table).
-    */
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Seek P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** P1 is an open table cursor and P2 is a rowid integer.  Arrange
-** for P1 to move so that it points to the rowid given by P2.
-**
-** This is actually a deferred seek.  Nothing actually happens until
-** the cursor is used to read a record.  That way, if no reads
-** occur, no unnecessary I/O happens.
-*/
-case OP_Seek: {    /* in2 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ba */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ba */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.ba.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.ba.pC!=0 );
-  if( ALWAYS(u.ba.pC->pCursor!=0) ){
-    assert( u.ba.pC->isTable );
-    u.ba.pC->nullRow = 0;
-    pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-    u.ba.pC->movetoTarget = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2);
-    u.ba.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
-    u.ba.pC->deferredMoveto = 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-  
-
-/* Opcode: Found P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** If P4==0 then register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  If
-** P4>0 then register P3 is the first of P4 registers that form an unpacked
-** record.
-**
-** Cursor P1 is on an index btree.  If the record identified by P3 and P4
-** is a prefix of any entry in P1 then a jump is made to P2 and
-** P1 is left pointing at the matching entry.
-*/
-/* Opcode: NotFound P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** If P4==0 then register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  If
-** P4>0 then register P3 is the first of P4 registers that form an unpacked
-** record.
-** 
-** Cursor P1 is on an index btree.  If the record identified by P3 and P4
-** is not the prefix of any entry in P1 then a jump is made to P2.  If P1 
-** does contain an entry whose prefix matches the P3/P4 record then control
-** falls through to the next instruction and P1 is left pointing at the
-** matching entry.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotExists, IsUnique
-*/
-case OP_NotFound:       /* jump, in3 */
-case OP_Found: {        /* jump, in3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bb */
-  int alreadyExists;
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  int res;
-  UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey;
-  UnpackedRecord r;
-  char aTempRec[ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)) + sizeof(Mem)*3 + 7];
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bb */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  sqlite3_found_count++;
-#endif
-
-  u.bb.alreadyExists = 0;
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
-  u.bb.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bb.pC!=0 );
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( ALWAYS(u.bb.pC->pCursor!=0) ){
-
-    assert( u.bb.pC->isTable==0 );
-    if( pOp->p4.i>0 ){
-      u.bb.r.pKeyInfo = u.bb.pC->pKeyInfo;
-      u.bb.r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
-      u.bb.r.aMem = pIn3;
-      u.bb.r.flags = UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH;
-      u.bb.pIdxKey = &u.bb.r;
-    }else{
-      assert( pIn3->flags & MEM_Blob );
-      ExpandBlob(pIn3);
-      u.bb.pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(u.bb.pC->pKeyInfo, pIn3->n, pIn3->z,
-                                        u.bb.aTempRec, sizeof(u.bb.aTempRec));
-      if( u.bb.pIdxKey==0 ){
-        goto no_mem;
-      }
-      u.bb.pIdxKey->flags |= UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.bb.pC->pCursor, u.bb.pIdxKey, 0, 0, &u.bb.res);
-    if( pOp->p4.i==0 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeDeleteUnpackedRecord(u.bb.pIdxKey);
-    }
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      break;
-    }
-    u.bb.alreadyExists = (u.bb.res==0);
-    u.bb.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-    u.bb.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  }
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Found ){
-    if( u.bb.alreadyExists ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }else{
-    if( !u.bb.alreadyExists ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IsUnique P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** Cursor P1 is open on an index b-tree - that is to say, a btree which
-** no data and where the key are records generated by OP_MakeRecord with
-** the list field being the integer ROWID of the entry that the index
-** entry refers to.
-**
-** The P3 register contains an integer record number. Call this record 
-** number R. Register P4 is the first in a set of N contiguous registers
-** that make up an unpacked index key that can be used with cursor P1.
-** The value of N can be inferred from the cursor. N includes the rowid
-** value appended to the end of the index record. This rowid value may
-** or may not be the same as R.
-**
-** If any of the N registers beginning with register P4 contains a NULL
-** value, jump immediately to P2.
-**
-** Otherwise, this instruction checks if cursor P1 contains an entry
-** where the first (N-1) fields match but the rowid value at the end
-** of the index entry is not R. If there is no such entry, control jumps
-** to instruction P2. Otherwise, the rowid of the conflicting index
-** entry is copied to register P3 and control falls through to the next
-** instruction.
-**
-** See also: NotFound, NotExists, Found
-*/
-case OP_IsUnique: {        /* jump, in3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bc */
-  u16 ii;
-  VdbeCursor *pCx;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  u16 nField;
-  Mem *aMx;
-  UnpackedRecord r;                  /* B-Tree index search key */
-  i64 R;                             /* Rowid stored in register P3 */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bc */
-
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  u.bc.aMx = &aMem[pOp->p4.i];
-  /* Assert that the values of parameters P1 and P4 are in range. */
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
-  assert( pOp->p4.i>0 && pOp->p4.i<=p->nMem );
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-
-  /* Find the index cursor. */
-  u.bc.pCx = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bc.pCx->deferredMoveto==0 );
-  u.bc.pCx->seekResult = 0;
-  u.bc.pCx->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  u.bc.pCrsr = u.bc.pCx->pCursor;
-
-  /* If any of the values are NULL, take the jump. */
-  u.bc.nField = u.bc.pCx->pKeyInfo->nField;
-  for(u.bc.ii=0; u.bc.ii<u.bc.nField; u.bc.ii++){
-    if( u.bc.aMx[u.bc.ii].flags & MEM_Null ){
-      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-      u.bc.pCrsr = 0;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  assert( (u.bc.aMx[u.bc.nField].flags & MEM_Null)==0 );
-
-  if( u.bc.pCrsr!=0 ){
-    /* Populate the index search key. */
-    u.bc.r.pKeyInfo = u.bc.pCx->pKeyInfo;
-    u.bc.r.nField = u.bc.nField + 1;
-    u.bc.r.flags = UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH;
-    u.bc.r.aMem = u.bc.aMx;
-
-    /* Extract the value of u.bc.R from register P3. */
-    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
-    u.bc.R = pIn3->u.i;
-
-    /* Search the B-Tree index. If no conflicting record is found, jump
-    ** to P2. Otherwise, copy the rowid of the conflicting record to
-    ** register P3 and fall through to the next instruction.  */
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.bc.pCrsr, &u.bc.r, 0, 0, &u.bc.pCx->seekResult);
-    if( (u.bc.r.flags & UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH) || u.bc.r.rowid==u.bc.R ){
-      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-    }else{
-      pIn3->u.i = u.bc.r.rowid;
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: NotExists P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Use the content of register P3 as a integer key.  If a record 
-** with that key does not exist in table of P1, then jump to P2. 
-** If the record does exist, then fall thru.  The cursor is left 
-** pointing to the record if it exists.
-**
-** The difference between this operation and NotFound is that this
-** operation assumes the key is an integer and that P1 is a table whereas
-** NotFound assumes key is a blob constructed from MakeRecord and
-** P1 is an index.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotFound, IsUnique
-*/
-case OP_NotExists: {        /* jump, in3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bd */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  int res;
-  u64 iKey;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bd */
-
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  assert( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bd.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bd.pC!=0 );
-  assert( u.bd.pC->isTable );
-  assert( u.bd.pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
-  u.bd.pCrsr = u.bd.pC->pCursor;
-  if( u.bd.pCrsr!=0 ){
-    u.bd.res = 0;
-    u.bd.iKey = pIn3->u.i;
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.bd.pCrsr, 0, u.bd.iKey, 0, &u.bd.res);
-    u.bd.pC->lastRowid = pIn3->u.i;
-    u.bd.pC->rowidIsValid = u.bd.res==0 ?1:0;
-    u.bd.pC->nullRow = 0;
-    u.bd.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-    u.bd.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-    if( u.bd.res!=0 ){
-      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-      assert( u.bd.pC->rowidIsValid==0 );
-    }
-    u.bd.pC->seekResult = u.bd.res;
-  }else{
-    /* This happens when an attempt to open a read cursor on the
-    ** sqlite_master table returns SQLITE_EMPTY.
-    */
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-    assert( u.bd.pC->rowidIsValid==0 );
-    u.bd.pC->seekResult = 0;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Sequence P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Find the next available sequence number for cursor P1.
-** Write the sequence number into register P2.
-** The sequence number on the cursor is incremented after this
-** instruction.  
-*/
-case OP_Sequence: {           /* out2-prerelease */
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  assert( p->apCsr[pOp->p1]!=0 );
-  pOut->u.i = p->apCsr[pOp->p1]->seqCount++;
-  break;
-}
-
-
-/* Opcode: NewRowid P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Get a new integer record number (a.k.a "rowid") used as the key to a table.
-** The record number is not previously used as a key in the database
-** table that cursor P1 points to.  The new record number is written
-** written to register P2.
-**
-** If P3>0 then P3 is a register in the root frame of this VDBE that holds 
-** the largest previously generated record number. No new record numbers are
-** allowed to be less than this value. When this value reaches its maximum, 
-** a SQLITE_FULL error is generated. The P3 register is updated with the '
-** generated record number. This P3 mechanism is used to help implement the
-** AUTOINCREMENT feature.
-*/
-case OP_NewRowid: {           /* out2-prerelease */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.be */
-  i64 v;                 /* The new rowid */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;        /* Cursor of table to get the new rowid */
-  int res;               /* Result of an sqlite3BtreeLast() */
-  int cnt;               /* Counter to limit the number of searches */
-  Mem *pMem;             /* Register holding largest rowid for AUTOINCREMENT */
-  VdbeFrame *pFrame;     /* Root frame of VDBE */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.be */
-
-  u.be.v = 0;
-  u.be.res = 0;
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.be.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.be.pC!=0 );
-  if( NEVER(u.be.pC->pCursor==0) ){
-    /* The zero initialization above is all that is needed */
-  }else{
-    /* The next rowid or record number (different terms for the same
-    ** thing) is obtained in a two-step algorithm.
-    **
-    ** First we attempt to find the largest existing rowid and add one
-    ** to that.  But if the largest existing rowid is already the maximum
-    ** positive integer, we have to fall through to the second
-    ** probabilistic algorithm
-    **
-    ** The second algorithm is to select a rowid at random and see if
-    ** it already exists in the table.  If it does not exist, we have
-    ** succeeded.  If the random rowid does exist, we select a new one
-    ** and try again, up to 100 times.
-    */
-    assert( u.be.pC->isTable );
-    u.be.cnt = 0;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_32BIT_ROWID
-#   define MAX_ROWID 0x7fffffff
-#else
-    /* Some compilers complain about constants of the form 0x7fffffffffffffff.
-    ** Others complain about 0x7ffffffffffffffffLL.  The following macro seems
-    ** to provide the constant while making all compilers happy.
-    */
-#   define MAX_ROWID  (i64)( (((u64)0x7fffffff)<<32) | (u64)0xffffffff )
-#endif
-
-    if( !u.be.pC->useRandomRowid ){
-      u.be.v = sqlite3BtreeGetCachedRowid(u.be.pC->pCursor);
-      if( u.be.v==0 ){
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(u.be.pC->pCursor, &u.be.res);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          goto abort_due_to_error;
-        }
-        if( u.be.res ){
-          u.be.v = 1;   /* IMP: R-61914-48074 */
-        }else{
-          assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(u.be.pC->pCursor) );
-          rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(u.be.pC->pCursor, &u.be.v);
-          assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );   /* Cannot fail following BtreeLast() */
-          if( u.be.v==MAX_ROWID ){
-            u.be.pC->useRandomRowid = 1;
-          }else{
-            u.be.v++;   /* IMP: R-29538-34987 */
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-      if( pOp->p3 ){
-        /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
-        assert( pOp->p3>0 );
-        if( p->pFrame ){
-          for(u.be.pFrame=p->pFrame; u.be.pFrame->pParent; u.be.pFrame=u.be.pFrame->pParent);
-          /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
-          assert( pOp->p3<=u.be.pFrame->nMem );
-          u.be.pMem = &u.be.pFrame->aMem[pOp->p3];
-        }else{
-          /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
-          assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
-          u.be.pMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-        }
-
-        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, u.be.pMem);
-        sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(u.be.pMem);
-        assert( (u.be.pMem->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );  /* mem(P3) holds an integer */
-        if( u.be.pMem->u.i==MAX_ROWID || u.be.pC->useRandomRowid ){
-          rc = SQLITE_FULL;   /* IMP: R-12275-61338 */
-          goto abort_due_to_error;
-        }
-        if( u.be.v<u.be.pMem->u.i+1 ){
-          u.be.v = u.be.pMem->u.i + 1;
-        }
-        u.be.pMem->u.i = u.be.v;
-      }
-#endif
-
-      sqlite3BtreeSetCachedRowid(u.be.pC->pCursor, u.be.v<MAX_ROWID ? u.be.v+1 : 0);
-    }
-    if( u.be.pC->useRandomRowid ){
-      /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-48598-02938 If the largest ROWID is equal to the
-      ** largest possible integer (9223372036854775807) then the database
-      ** engine starts picking candidate ROWIDs at random until it finds one
-      ** that is not previously used.
-      */
-      assert( pOp->p3==0 );  /* We cannot be in random rowid mode if this is
-                             ** an AUTOINCREMENT table. */
-      u.be.v = db->lastRowid;
-      u.be.cnt = 0;
-      do{
-        if( u.be.cnt==0 && (u.be.v&0xffffff)==u.be.v ){
-          u.be.v++;
-        }else{
-          sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(u.be.v), &u.be.v);
-          if( u.be.cnt<5 ) u.be.v &= 0xffffff;
-        }
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.be.pC->pCursor, 0, (u64)u.be.v, 0, &u.be.res);
-        u.be.cnt++;
-      }while( u.be.cnt<100 && rc==SQLITE_OK && u.be.res==0 );
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && u.be.res==0 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_FULL;   /* IMP: R-38219-53002 */
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
-      }
-    }
-    u.be.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
-    u.be.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-    u.be.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  }
-  pOut->u.i = u.be.v;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Insert P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** Write an entry into the table of cursor P1.  A new entry is
-** created if it doesn't already exist or the data for an existing
-** entry is overwritten.  The data is the value MEM_Blob stored in register
-** number P2. The key is stored in register P3. The key must
-** be a MEM_Int.
-**
-** If the OPFLAG_NCHANGE flag of P5 is set, then the row change count is
-** incremented (otherwise not).  If the OPFLAG_LASTROWID flag of P5 is set,
-** then rowid is stored for subsequent return by the
-** sqlite3_last_insert_rowid() function (otherwise it is unmodified).
-**
-** If the OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT flag of P5 is set and if the result of
-** the last seek operation (OP_NotExists) was a success, then this
-** operation will not attempt to find the appropriate row before doing
-** the insert but will instead overwrite the row that the cursor is
-** currently pointing to.  Presumably, the prior OP_NotExists opcode
-** has already positioned the cursor correctly.  This is an optimization
-** that boosts performance by avoiding redundant seeks.
-**
-** If the OPFLAG_ISUPDATE flag is set, then this opcode is part of an
-** UPDATE operation.  Otherwise (if the flag is clear) then this opcode
-** is part of an INSERT operation.  The difference is only important to
-** the update hook.
-**
-** Parameter P4 may point to a string containing the table-name, or
-** may be NULL. If it is not NULL, then the update-hook 
-** (sqlite3.xUpdateCallback) is invoked following a successful insert.
-**
-** (WARNING/TODO: If P1 is a pseudo-cursor and P2 is dynamically
-** allocated, then ownership of P2 is transferred to the pseudo-cursor
-** and register P2 becomes ephemeral.  If the cursor is changed, the
-** value of register P2 will then change.  Make sure this does not
-** cause any problems.)
-**
-** This instruction only works on tables.  The equivalent instruction
-** for indices is OP_IdxInsert.
-*/
-/* Opcode: InsertInt P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** This works exactly like OP_Insert except that the key is the
-** integer value P3, not the value of the integer stored in register P3.
-*/
-case OP_Insert: 
-case OP_InsertInt: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bf */
-  Mem *pData;       /* MEM cell holding data for the record to be inserted */
-  Mem *pKey;        /* MEM cell holding key  for the record */
-  i64 iKey;         /* The integer ROWID or key for the record to be inserted */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;   /* Cursor to table into which insert is written */
-  int nZero;        /* Number of zero-bytes to append */
-  int seekResult;   /* Result of prior seek or 0 if no USESEEKRESULT flag */
-  const char *zDb;  /* database name - used by the update hook */
-  const char *zTbl; /* Table name - used by the opdate hook */
-  int op;           /* Opcode for update hook: SQLITE_UPDATE or SQLITE_INSERT */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bf */
-
-  u.bf.pData = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bf.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bf.pC!=0 );
-  assert( u.bf.pC->pCursor!=0 );
-  assert( u.bf.pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
-  assert( u.bf.pC->isTable );
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, u.bf.pData);
-
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Insert ){
-    u.bf.pKey = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-    assert( u.bf.pKey->flags & MEM_Int );
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, u.bf.pKey);
-    u.bf.iKey = u.bf.pKey->u.i;
-  }else{
-    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_InsertInt );
-    u.bf.iKey = pOp->p3;
-  }
-
-  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
-  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_LASTROWID ) db->lastRowid = u.bf.iKey;
-  if( u.bf.pData->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    u.bf.pData->z = 0;
-    u.bf.pData->n = 0;
-  }else{
-    assert( u.bf.pData->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str) );
-  }
-  u.bf.seekResult = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? u.bf.pC->seekResult : 0);
-  if( u.bf.pData->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-    u.bf.nZero = u.bf.pData->u.nZero;
-  }else{
-    u.bf.nZero = 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeSetCachedRowid(u.bf.pC->pCursor, 0);
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeInsert(u.bf.pC->pCursor, 0, u.bf.iKey,
-                          u.bf.pData->z, u.bf.pData->n, u.bf.nZero,
-                          pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_APPEND, u.bf.seekResult
-  );
-  u.bf.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
-  u.bf.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-  u.bf.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-
-  /* Invoke the update-hook if required. */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && db->xUpdateCallback && pOp->p4.z ){
-    u.bf.zDb = db->aDb[u.bf.pC->iDb].zName;
-    u.bf.zTbl = pOp->p4.z;
-    u.bf.op = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) ? SQLITE_UPDATE : SQLITE_INSERT);
-    assert( u.bf.pC->isTable );
-    db->xUpdateCallback(db->pUpdateArg, u.bf.op, u.bf.zDb, u.bf.zTbl, u.bf.iKey);
-    assert( u.bf.pC->iDb>=0 );
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Delete P1 P2 * P4 *
-**
-** Delete the record at which the P1 cursor is currently pointing.
-**
-** The cursor will be left pointing at either the next or the previous
-** record in the table. If it is left pointing at the next record, then
-** the next Next instruction will be a no-op.  Hence it is OK to delete
-** a record from within an Next loop.
-**
-** If the OPFLAG_NCHANGE flag of P2 is set, then the row change count is
-** incremented (otherwise not).
-**
-** P1 must not be pseudo-table.  It has to be a real table with
-** multiple rows.
-**
-** If P4 is not NULL, then it is the name of the table that P1 is
-** pointing to.  The update hook will be invoked, if it exists.
-** If P4 is not NULL then the P1 cursor must have been positioned
-** using OP_NotFound prior to invoking this opcode.
-*/
-case OP_Delete: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bg */
-  i64 iKey;
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bg */
-
-  u.bg.iKey = 0;
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bg.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bg.pC!=0 );
-  assert( u.bg.pC->pCursor!=0 );  /* Only valid for real tables, no pseudotables */
-
-  /* If the update-hook will be invoked, set u.bg.iKey to the rowid of the
-  ** row being deleted.
-  */
-  if( db->xUpdateCallback && pOp->p4.z ){
-    assert( u.bg.pC->isTable );
-    assert( u.bg.pC->rowidIsValid );  /* lastRowid set by previous OP_NotFound */
-    u.bg.iKey = u.bg.pC->lastRowid;
-  }
-
-  /* The OP_Delete opcode always follows an OP_NotExists or OP_Last or
-  ** OP_Column on the same table without any intervening operations that
-  ** might move or invalidate the cursor.  Hence cursor u.bg.pC is always pointing
-  ** to the row to be deleted and the sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto() operation
-  ** below is always a no-op and cannot fail.  We will run it anyhow, though,
-  ** to guard against future changes to the code generator.
-  **/
-  assert( u.bg.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(u.bg.pC);
-  if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-
-  sqlite3BtreeSetCachedRowid(u.bg.pC->pCursor, 0);
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeDelete(u.bg.pC->pCursor);
-  u.bg.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-
-  /* Invoke the update-hook if required. */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && db->xUpdateCallback && pOp->p4.z ){
-    const char *zDb = db->aDb[u.bg.pC->iDb].zName;
-    const char *zTbl = pOp->p4.z;
-    db->xUpdateCallback(db->pUpdateArg, SQLITE_DELETE, zDb, zTbl, u.bg.iKey);
-    assert( u.bg.pC->iDb>=0 );
-  }
-  if( pOp->p2 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
-  break;
-}
-/* Opcode: ResetCount * * * * *
-**
-** The value of the change counter is copied to the database handle
-** change counter (returned by subsequent calls to sqlite3_changes()).
-** Then the VMs internal change counter resets to 0.
-** This is used by trigger programs.
-*/
-case OP_ResetCount: {
-  sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(db, p->nChange);
-  p->nChange = 0;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: RowData P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Write into register P2 the complete row data for cursor P1.
-** There is no interpretation of the data.  
-** It is just copied onto the P2 register exactly as 
-** it is found in the database file.
-**
-** If the P1 cursor must be pointing to a valid row (not a NULL row)
-** of a real table, not a pseudo-table.
-*/
-/* Opcode: RowKey P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Write into register P2 the complete row key for cursor P1.
-** There is no interpretation of the data.  
-** The key is copied onto the P3 register exactly as 
-** it is found in the database file.
-**
-** If the P1 cursor must be pointing to a valid row (not a NULL row)
-** of a real table, not a pseudo-table.
-*/
-case OP_RowKey:
-case OP_RowData: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bh */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  u32 n;
-  i64 n64;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bh */
-
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-
-  /* Note that RowKey and RowData are really exactly the same instruction */
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bh.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bh.pC->isTable || pOp->opcode==OP_RowKey );
-  assert( u.bh.pC->isIndex || pOp->opcode==OP_RowData );
-  assert( u.bh.pC!=0 );
-  assert( u.bh.pC->nullRow==0 );
-  assert( u.bh.pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
-  assert( u.bh.pC->pCursor!=0 );
-  u.bh.pCrsr = u.bh.pC->pCursor;
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(u.bh.pCrsr) );
-
-  /* The OP_RowKey and OP_RowData opcodes always follow OP_NotExists or
-  ** OP_Rewind/Op_Next with no intervening instructions that might invalidate
-  ** the cursor.  Hence the following sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto() call is always
-  ** a no-op and can never fail.  But we leave it in place as a safety.
-  */
-  assert( u.bh.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(u.bh.pC);
-  if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-
-  if( u.bh.pC->isIndex ){
-    assert( !u.bh.pC->isTable );
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(u.bh.pCrsr, &u.bh.n64);
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );    /* True because of CursorMoveto() call above */
-    if( u.bh.n64>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-      goto too_big;
-    }
-    u.bh.n = (u32)u.bh.n64;
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeDataSize(u.bh.pCrsr, &u.bh.n);
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );    /* DataSize() cannot fail */
-    if( u.bh.n>(u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-      goto too_big;
-    }
-  }
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pOut, u.bh.n, 0) ){
-    goto no_mem;
-  }
-  pOut->n = u.bh.n;
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Blob);
-  if( u.bh.pC->isIndex ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeKey(u.bh.pCrsr, 0, u.bh.n, pOut->z);
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeData(u.bh.pCrsr, 0, u.bh.n, pOut->z);
-  }
-  pOut->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;  /* In case the blob is ever cast to text */
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Rowid P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Store in register P2 an integer which is the key of the table entry that
-** P1 is currently point to.
-**
-** P1 can be either an ordinary table or a virtual table.  There used to
-** be a separate OP_VRowid opcode for use with virtual tables, but this
-** one opcode now works for both table types.
-*/
-case OP_Rowid: {                 /* out2-prerelease */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bi */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  i64 v;
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bi */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bi.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bi.pC!=0 );
-  assert( u.bi.pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
-  if( u.bi.pC->nullRow ){
-    pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
-    break;
-  }else if( u.bi.pC->deferredMoveto ){
-    u.bi.v = u.bi.pC->movetoTarget;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  }else if( u.bi.pC->pVtabCursor ){
-    u.bi.pVtab = u.bi.pC->pVtabCursor->pVtab;
-    u.bi.pModule = u.bi.pVtab->pModule;
-    assert( u.bi.pModule->xRowid );
-    rc = u.bi.pModule->xRowid(u.bi.pC->pVtabCursor, &u.bi.v);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = u.bi.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-    u.bi.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-  }else{
-    assert( u.bi.pC->pCursor!=0 );
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(u.bi.pC);
-    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-    if( u.bi.pC->rowidIsValid ){
-      u.bi.v = u.bi.pC->lastRowid;
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(u.bi.pC->pCursor, &u.bi.v);
-      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );  /* Always so because of CursorMoveto() above */
-    }
-  }
-  pOut->u.i = u.bi.v;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: NullRow P1 * * * *
-**
-** Move the cursor P1 to a null row.  Any OP_Column operations
-** that occur while the cursor is on the null row will always
-** write a NULL.
-*/
-case OP_NullRow: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bj */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bj */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bj.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bj.pC!=0 );
-  u.bj.pC->nullRow = 1;
-  u.bj.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
-  if( u.bj.pC->pCursor ){
-    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(u.bj.pC->pCursor);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Last P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1 
-** will refer to the last entry in the database table or index.
-** If the table or index is empty and P2>0, then jump immediately to P2.
-** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
-** to the following instruction.
-*/
-case OP_Last: {        /* jump */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bk */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  int res;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bk */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bk.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bk.pC!=0 );
-  u.bk.pCrsr = u.bk.pC->pCursor;
-  if( u.bk.pCrsr==0 ){
-    u.bk.res = 1;
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(u.bk.pCrsr, &u.bk.res);
-  }
-  u.bk.pC->nullRow = (u8)u.bk.res;
-  u.bk.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-  u.bk.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
-  u.bk.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  if( pOp->p2>0 && u.bk.res ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-
-/* Opcode: Sort P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** This opcode does exactly the same thing as OP_Rewind except that
-** it increments an undocumented global variable used for testing.
-**
-** Sorting is accomplished by writing records into a sorting index,
-** then rewinding that index and playing it back from beginning to
-** end.  We use the OP_Sort opcode instead of OP_Rewind to do the
-** rewinding so that the global variable will be incremented and
-** regression tests can determine whether or not the optimizer is
-** correctly optimizing out sorts.
-*/
-case OP_Sort: {        /* jump */
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  sqlite3_sort_count++;
-  sqlite3_search_count--;
-#endif
-  p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT-1]++;
-  /* Fall through into OP_Rewind */
-}
-/* Opcode: Rewind P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1 
-** will refer to the first entry in the database table or index.
-** If the table or index is empty and P2>0, then jump immediately to P2.
-** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
-** to the following instruction.
-*/
-case OP_Rewind: {        /* jump */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bl */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  int res;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bl */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bl.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bl.pC!=0 );
-  if( (u.bl.pCrsr = u.bl.pC->pCursor)!=0 ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(u.bl.pCrsr, &u.bl.res);
-    u.bl.pC->atFirst = u.bl.res==0 ?1:0;
-    u.bl.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-    u.bl.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-    u.bl.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
-  }else{
-    u.bl.res = 1;
-  }
-  u.bl.pC->nullRow = (u8)u.bl.res;
-  assert( pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2<p->nOp );
-  if( u.bl.res ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Next P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Advance cursor P1 so that it points to the next key/data pair in its
-** table or index.  If there are no more key/value pairs then fall through
-** to the following instruction.  But if the cursor advance was successful,
-** jump immediately to P2.
-**
-** The P1 cursor must be for a real table, not a pseudo-table.
-**
-** See also: Prev
-*/
-/* Opcode: Prev P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Back up cursor P1 so that it points to the previous key/data pair in its
-** table or index.  If there is no previous key/value pairs then fall through
-** to the following instruction.  But if the cursor backup was successful,
-** jump immediately to P2.
-**
-** The P1 cursor must be for a real table, not a pseudo-table.
-*/
-case OP_Prev:          /* jump */
-case OP_Next: {        /* jump */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bm */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  int res;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bm */
-
-  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bm.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  if( u.bm.pC==0 ){
-    break;  /* See ticket #2273 */
-  }
-  u.bm.pCrsr = u.bm.pC->pCursor;
-  if( u.bm.pCrsr==0 ){
-    u.bm.pC->nullRow = 1;
-    break;
-  }
-  u.bm.res = 1;
-  assert( u.bm.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-  rc = pOp->opcode==OP_Next ? sqlite3BtreeNext(u.bm.pCrsr, &u.bm.res) :
-                              sqlite3BtreePrevious(u.bm.pCrsr, &u.bm.res);
-  u.bm.pC->nullRow = (u8)u.bm.res;
-  u.bm.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  if( u.bm.res==0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-    if( pOp->p5 ) p->aCounter[pOp->p5-1]++;
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-    sqlite3_search_count++;
-#endif
-  }
-  u.bm.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IdxInsert P1 P2 P3 * P5
-**
-** Register P2 holds a SQL index key made using the
-** MakeRecord instructions.  This opcode writes that key
-** into the index P1.  Data for the entry is nil.
-**
-** P3 is a flag that provides a hint to the b-tree layer that this
-** insert is likely to be an append.
-**
-** This instruction only works for indices.  The equivalent instruction
-** for tables is OP_Insert.
-*/
-case OP_IdxInsert: {        /* in2 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bn */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  int nKey;
-  const char *zKey;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bn */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bn.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bn.pC!=0 );
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  assert( pIn2->flags & MEM_Blob );
-  u.bn.pCrsr = u.bn.pC->pCursor;
-  if( ALWAYS(u.bn.pCrsr!=0) ){
-    assert( u.bn.pC->isTable==0 );
-    rc = ExpandBlob(pIn2);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      u.bn.nKey = pIn2->n;
-      u.bn.zKey = pIn2->z;
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeInsert(u.bn.pCrsr, u.bn.zKey, u.bn.nKey, "", 0, 0, pOp->p3,
-          ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? u.bn.pC->seekResult : 0)
-      );
-      assert( u.bn.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-      u.bn.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IdxDelete P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** The content of P3 registers starting at register P2 form
-** an unpacked index key. This opcode removes that entry from the 
-** index opened by cursor P1.
-*/
-case OP_IdxDelete: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bo */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  int res;
-  UnpackedRecord r;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bo */
-
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 );
-  assert( pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+pOp->p3<=p->nMem+1 );
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bo.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bo.pC!=0 );
-  u.bo.pCrsr = u.bo.pC->pCursor;
-  if( ALWAYS(u.bo.pCrsr!=0) ){
-    u.bo.r.pKeyInfo = u.bo.pC->pKeyInfo;
-    u.bo.r.nField = (u16)pOp->p3;
-    u.bo.r.flags = 0;
-    u.bo.r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.bo.pCrsr, &u.bo.r, 0, 0, &u.bo.res);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && u.bo.res==0 ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeDelete(u.bo.pCrsr);
-    }
-    assert( u.bo.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-    u.bo.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IdxRowid P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Write into register P2 an integer which is the last entry in the record at
-** the end of the index key pointed to by cursor P1.  This integer should be
-** the rowid of the table entry to which this index entry points.
-**
-** See also: Rowid, MakeRecord.
-*/
-case OP_IdxRowid: {              /* out2-prerelease */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bp */
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  i64 rowid;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bp */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bp.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bp.pC!=0 );
-  u.bp.pCrsr = u.bp.pC->pCursor;
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
-  if( ALWAYS(u.bp.pCrsr!=0) ){
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(u.bp.pC);
-    if( NEVER(rc) ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-    assert( u.bp.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-    assert( u.bp.pC->isTable==0 );
-    if( !u.bp.pC->nullRow ){
-      rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(db, u.bp.pCrsr, &u.bp.rowid);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
-      }
-      pOut->u.i = u.bp.rowid;
-      pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IdxGE P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index 
-** key that omits the ROWID.  Compare this key value against the index 
-** that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the ROWID on the P1 index.
-**
-** If the P1 index entry is greater than or equal to the key value
-** then jump to P2.  Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
-**
-** If P5 is non-zero then the key value is increased by an epsilon 
-** prior to the comparison.  This make the opcode work like IdxGT except
-** that if the key from register P3 is a prefix of the key in the cursor,
-** the result is false whereas it would be true with IdxGT.
-*/
-/* Opcode: IdxLT P1 P2 P3 * P5
-**
-** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index 
-** key that omits the ROWID.  Compare this key value against the index 
-** that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the ROWID on the P1 index.
-**
-** If the P1 index entry is less than the key value then jump to P2.
-** Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
-**
-** If P5 is non-zero then the key value is increased by an epsilon prior 
-** to the comparison.  This makes the opcode work like IdxLE.
-*/
-case OP_IdxLT:          /* jump */
-case OP_IdxGE: {        /* jump */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bq */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  int res;
-  UnpackedRecord r;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bq */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  u.bq.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bq.pC!=0 );
-  if( ALWAYS(u.bq.pC->pCursor!=0) ){
-    assert( u.bq.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-    assert( pOp->p5==0 || pOp->p5==1 );
-    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
-    u.bq.r.pKeyInfo = u.bq.pC->pKeyInfo;
-    u.bq.r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
-    if( pOp->p5 ){
-      u.bq.r.flags = UNPACKED_INCRKEY | UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID;
-    }else{
-      u.bq.r.flags = UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID;
-    }
-    u.bq.r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(u.bq.pC, &u.bq.r, &u.bq.res);
-    if( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLT ){
-      u.bq.res = -u.bq.res;
-    }else{
-      assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxGE );
-      u.bq.res++;
-    }
-    if( u.bq.res>0 ){
-      pc = pOp->p2 - 1 ;
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Destroy P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Delete an entire database table or index whose root page in the database
-** file is given by P1.
-**
-** The table being destroyed is in the main database file if P3==0.  If
-** P3==1 then the table to be clear is in the auxiliary database file
-** that is used to store tables create using CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.
-**
-** If AUTOVACUUM is enabled then it is possible that another root page
-** might be moved into the newly deleted root page in order to keep all
-** root pages contiguous at the beginning of the database.  The former
-** value of the root page that moved - its value before the move occurred -
-** is stored in register P2.  If no page 
-** movement was required (because the table being dropped was already 
-** the last one in the database) then a zero is stored in register P2.
-** If AUTOVACUUM is disabled then a zero is stored in register P2.
-**
-** See also: Clear
-*/
-case OP_Destroy: {     /* out2-prerelease */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.br */
-  int iMoved;
-  int iCnt;
-  Vdbe *pVdbe;
-  int iDb;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.br */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  u.br.iCnt = 0;
-  for(u.br.pVdbe=db->pVdbe; u.br.pVdbe; u.br.pVdbe = u.br.pVdbe->pNext){
-    if( u.br.pVdbe->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN && u.br.pVdbe->inVtabMethod<2 && u.br.pVdbe->pc>=0 ){
-      u.br.iCnt++;
-    }
-  }
-#else
-  u.br.iCnt = db->activeVdbeCnt;
-#endif
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
-  if( u.br.iCnt>1 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_LOCKED;
-    p->errorAction = OE_Abort;
-  }else{
-    u.br.iDb = pOp->p3;
-    assert( u.br.iCnt==1 );
-    assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<u.br.iDb))!=0 );
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeDropTable(db->aDb[u.br.iDb].pBt, pOp->p1, &u.br.iMoved);
-    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pOut->u.i = u.br.iMoved;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && u.br.iMoved!=0 ){
-      sqlite3RootPageMoved(&db->aDb[u.br.iDb], u.br.iMoved, pOp->p1);
-      resetSchemaOnFault = 1;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Clear P1 P2 P3
-**
-** Delete all contents of the database table or index whose root page
-** in the database file is given by P1.  But, unlike Destroy, do not
-** remove the table or index from the database file.
-**
-** The table being clear is in the main database file if P2==0.  If
-** P2==1 then the table to be clear is in the auxiliary database file
-** that is used to store tables create using CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.
-**
-** If the P3 value is non-zero, then the table referred to must be an
-** intkey table (an SQL table, not an index). In this case the row change 
-** count is incremented by the number of rows in the table being cleared. 
-** If P3 is greater than zero, then the value stored in register P3 is
-** also incremented by the number of rows in the table being cleared.
-**
-** See also: Destroy
-*/
-case OP_Clear: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bs */
-  int nChange;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bs */
-
-  u.bs.nChange = 0;
-  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p2))!=0 );
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(
-      db->aDb[pOp->p2].pBt, pOp->p1, (pOp->p3 ? &u.bs.nChange : 0)
-  );
-  if( pOp->p3 ){
-    p->nChange += u.bs.nChange;
-    if( pOp->p3>0 ){
-      aMem[pOp->p3].u.i += u.bs.nChange;
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: CreateTable P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Allocate a new table in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
-** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
-** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
-** register P2
-**
-** The difference between a table and an index is this:  A table must
-** have a 4-byte integer key and can have arbitrary data.  An index
-** has an arbitrary key but no data.
-**
-** See also: CreateIndex
-*/
-/* Opcode: CreateIndex P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Allocate a new index in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
-** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
-** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
-** register P2.
-**
-** See documentation on OP_CreateTable for additional information.
-*/
-case OP_CreateIndex:            /* out2-prerelease */
-case OP_CreateTable: {          /* out2-prerelease */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bt */
-  int pgno;
-  int flags;
-  Db *pDb;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bt */
-
-  u.bt.pgno = 0;
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
-  u.bt.pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.bt.pDb->pBt!=0 );
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_CreateTable ){
-    /* u.bt.flags = BTREE_INTKEY; */
-    u.bt.flags = BTREE_LEAFDATA|BTREE_INTKEY;
-  }else{
-    u.bt.flags = BTREE_ZERODATA;
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(u.bt.pDb->pBt, &u.bt.pgno, u.bt.flags);
-  pOut->u.i = u.bt.pgno;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: ParseSchema P1 P2 * P4 *
-**
-** Read and parse all entries from the SQLITE_MASTER table of database P1
-** that match the WHERE clause P4.  P2 is the "force" flag.   Always do
-** the parsing if P2 is true.  If P2 is false, then this routine is a
-** no-op if the schema is not currently loaded.  In other words, if P2
-** is false, the SQLITE_MASTER table is only parsed if the rest of the
-** schema is already loaded into the symbol table.
-**
-** This opcode invokes the parser to create a new virtual machine,
-** then runs the new virtual machine.  It is thus a re-entrant opcode.
-*/
-case OP_ParseSchema: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bu */
-  int iDb;
-  const char *zMaster;
-  char *zSql;
-  InitData initData;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bu */
-
-  u.bu.iDb = pOp->p1;
-  assert( u.bu.iDb>=0 && u.bu.iDb<db->nDb );
-
-  /* If pOp->p2 is 0, then this opcode is being executed to read a
-  ** single row, for example the row corresponding to a new index
-  ** created by this VDBE, from the sqlite_master table. It only
-  ** does this if the corresponding in-memory schema is currently
-  ** loaded. Otherwise, the new index definition can be loaded along
-  ** with the rest of the schema when it is required.
-  **
-  ** Although the mutex on the BtShared object that corresponds to
-  ** database u.bu.iDb (the database containing the sqlite_master table
-  ** read by this instruction) is currently held, it is necessary to
-  ** obtain the mutexes on all attached databases before checking if
-  ** the schema of u.bu.iDb is loaded. This is because, at the start of
-  ** the sqlite3_exec() call below, SQLite will invoke
-  ** sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(). If all mutexes are not already held, the
-  ** u.bu.iDb mutex may be temporarily released to avoid deadlock. If
-  ** this happens, then some other thread may delete the in-memory
-  ** schema of database u.bu.iDb before the SQL statement runs. The schema
-  ** will not be reloaded becuase the db->init.busy flag is set. This
-  ** can result in a "no such table: sqlite_master" or "malformed
-  ** database schema" error being returned to the user.
-  */
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[u.bu.iDb].pBt) );
-  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-  if( pOp->p2 || DbHasProperty(db, u.bu.iDb, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
-    u.bu.zMaster = SCHEMA_TABLE(u.bu.iDb);
-    u.bu.initData.db = db;
-    u.bu.initData.iDb = pOp->p1;
-    u.bu.initData.pzErrMsg = &p->zErrMsg;
-    u.bu.zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
-       "SELECT name, rootpage, sql FROM '%q'.%s WHERE %s ORDER BY rowid",
-       db->aDb[u.bu.iDb].zName, u.bu.zMaster, pOp->p4.z);
-    if( u.bu.zSql==0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      assert( db->init.busy==0 );
-      db->init.busy = 1;
-      u.bu.initData.rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      assert( !db->mallocFailed );
-      rc = sqlite3_exec(db, u.bu.zSql, sqlite3InitCallback, &u.bu.initData, 0);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = u.bu.initData.rc;
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, u.bu.zSql);
-      db->init.busy = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-    goto no_mem;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE)
-/* Opcode: LoadAnalysis P1 * * * *
-**
-** Read the sqlite_stat1 table for database P1 and load the content
-** of that table into the internal index hash table.  This will cause
-** the analysis to be used when preparing all subsequent queries.
-*/
-case OP_LoadAnalysis: {
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  rc = sqlite3AnalysisLoad(db, pOp->p1);
-  break;  
-}
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE) */
-
-/* Opcode: DropTable P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
-** the table named P4 in database P1.  This is called after a table
-** is dropped in order to keep the internal representation of the
-** schema consistent with what is on disk.
-*/
-case OP_DropTable: {
-  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: DropIndex P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
-** the index named P4 in database P1.  This is called after an index
-** is dropped in order to keep the internal representation of the
-** schema consistent with what is on disk.
-*/
-case OP_DropIndex: {
-  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: DropTrigger P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
-** the trigger named P4 in database P1.  This is called after a trigger
-** is dropped in order to keep the internal representation of the
-** schema consistent with what is on disk.
-*/
-case OP_DropTrigger: {
-  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
-  break;
-}
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
-/* Opcode: IntegrityCk P1 P2 P3 * P5
-**
-** Do an analysis of the currently open database.  Store in
-** register P1 the text of an error message describing any problems.
-** If no problems are found, store a NULL in register P1.
-**
-** The register P3 contains the maximum number of allowed errors.
-** At most reg(P3) errors will be reported.
-** In other words, the analysis stops as soon as reg(P1) errors are 
-** seen.  Reg(P1) is updated with the number of errors remaining.
-**
-** The root page numbers of all tables in the database are integer
-** stored in reg(P1), reg(P1+1), reg(P1+2), ....  There are P2 tables
-** total.
-**
-** If P5 is not zero, the check is done on the auxiliary database
-** file, not the main database file.
-**
-** This opcode is used to implement the integrity_check pragma.
-*/
-case OP_IntegrityCk: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bv */
-  int nRoot;      /* Number of tables to check.  (Number of root pages.) */
-  int *aRoot;     /* Array of rootpage numbers for tables to be checked */
-  int j;          /* Loop counter */
-  int nErr;       /* Number of errors reported */
-  char *z;        /* Text of the error report */
-  Mem *pnErr;     /* Register keeping track of errors remaining */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bv */
-
-  u.bv.nRoot = pOp->p2;
-  assert( u.bv.nRoot>0 );
-  u.bv.aRoot = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(int)*(u.bv.nRoot+1) );
-  if( u.bv.aRoot==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
-  u.bv.pnErr = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  assert( (u.bv.pnErr->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
-  assert( (u.bv.pnErr->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  for(u.bv.j=0; u.bv.j<u.bv.nRoot; u.bv.j++){
-    u.bv.aRoot[u.bv.j] = (int)sqlite3VdbeIntValue(&pIn1[u.bv.j]);
-  }
-  u.bv.aRoot[u.bv.j] = 0;
-  assert( pOp->p5<db->nDb );
-  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p5))!=0 );
-  u.bv.z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, u.bv.aRoot, u.bv.nRoot,
-                                 (int)u.bv.pnErr->u.i, &u.bv.nErr);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, u.bv.aRoot);
-  u.bv.pnErr->u.i -= u.bv.nErr;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
-  if( u.bv.nErr==0 ){
-    assert( u.bv.z==0 );
-  }else if( u.bv.z==0 ){
-    goto no_mem;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pIn1, u.bv.z, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3_free);
-  }
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pIn1);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pIn1, encoding);
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
-
-/* Opcode: RowSetAdd P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Insert the integer value held by register P2 into a boolean index
-** held in register P1.
-**
-** An assertion fails if P2 is not an integer.
-*/
-case OP_RowSetAdd: {       /* in1, in2 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  assert( (pIn2->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(pIn1);
-    if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  }
-  sqlite3RowSetInsert(pIn1->u.pRowSet, pIn2->u.i);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: RowSetRead P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Extract the smallest value from boolean index P1 and put that value into
-** register P3.  Or, if boolean index P1 is initially empty, leave P3
-** unchanged and jump to instruction P2.
-*/
-case OP_RowSetRead: {       /* jump, in1, out3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bw */
-  i64 val;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bw */
-  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0
-   || sqlite3RowSetNext(pIn1->u.pRowSet, &u.bw.val)==0
-  ){
-    /* The boolean index is empty */
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }else{
-    /* A value was pulled from the index */
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&aMem[pOp->p3], u.bw.val);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: RowSetTest P1 P2 P3 P4
-**
-** Register P3 is assumed to hold a 64-bit integer value. If register P1
-** contains a RowSet object and that RowSet object contains
-** the value held in P3, jump to register P2. Otherwise, insert the
-** integer in P3 into the RowSet and continue on to the
-** next opcode.
-**
-** The RowSet object is optimized for the case where successive sets
-** of integers, where each set contains no duplicates. Each set
-** of values is identified by a unique P4 value. The first set
-** must have P4==0, the final set P4=-1.  P4 must be either -1 or
-** non-negative.  For non-negative values of P4 only the lower 4
-** bits are significant.
-**
-** This allows optimizations: (a) when P4==0 there is no need to test
-** the rowset object for P3, as it is guaranteed not to contain it,
-** (b) when P4==-1 there is no need to insert the value, as it will
-** never be tested for, and (c) when a value that is part of set X is
-** inserted, there is no need to search to see if the same value was
-** previously inserted as part of set X (only if it was previously
-** inserted as part of some other set).
-*/
-case OP_RowSetTest: {                     /* jump, in1, in3 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bx */
-  int iSet;
-  int exists;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bx */
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  u.bx.iSet = pOp->p4.i;
-  assert( pIn3->flags&MEM_Int );
-
-  /* If there is anything other than a rowset object in memory cell P1,
-  ** delete it now and initialize P1 with an empty rowset
-  */
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(pIn1);
-    if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  }
-
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
-  assert( u.bx.iSet==-1 || u.bx.iSet>=0 );
-  if( u.bx.iSet ){
-    u.bx.exists = sqlite3RowSetTest(pIn1->u.pRowSet,
-                               (u8)(u.bx.iSet>=0 ? u.bx.iSet & 0xf : 0xff),
-                               pIn3->u.i);
-    if( u.bx.exists ){
-      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  if( u.bx.iSet>=0 ){
-    sqlite3RowSetInsert(pIn1->u.pRowSet, pIn3->u.i);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-
-/* Opcode: Program P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** Execute the trigger program passed as P4 (type P4_SUBPROGRAM). 
-**
-** P1 contains the address of the memory cell that contains the first memory 
-** cell in an array of values used as arguments to the sub-program. P2 
-** contains the address to jump to if the sub-program throws an IGNORE 
-** exception using the RAISE() function. Register P3 contains the address 
-** of a memory cell in this (the parent) VM that is used to allocate the 
-** memory required by the sub-vdbe at runtime.
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to the VM containing the trigger program.
-*/
-case OP_Program: {        /* jump */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.by */
-  int nMem;               /* Number of memory registers for sub-program */
-  int nByte;              /* Bytes of runtime space required for sub-program */
-  Mem *pRt;               /* Register to allocate runtime space */
-  Mem *pMem;              /* Used to iterate through memory cells */
-  Mem *pEnd;              /* Last memory cell in new array */
-  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* New vdbe frame to execute in */
-  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Sub-program to execute */
-  void *t;                /* Token identifying trigger */
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.by */
-
-  u.by.pProgram = pOp->p4.pProgram;
-  u.by.pRt = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  assert( u.by.pProgram->nOp>0 );
-
-  /* If the p5 flag is clear, then recursive invocation of triggers is
-  ** disabled for backwards compatibility (p5 is set if this sub-program
-  ** is really a trigger, not a foreign key action, and the flag set
-  ** and cleared by the "PRAGMA recursive_triggers" command is clear).
-  **
-  ** It is recursive invocation of triggers, at the SQL level, that is
-  ** disabled. In some cases a single trigger may generate more than one
-  ** SubProgram (if the trigger may be executed with more than one different
-  ** ON CONFLICT algorithm). SubProgram structures associated with a
-  ** single trigger all have the same value for the SubProgram.token
-  ** variable.  */
-  if( pOp->p5 ){
-    u.by.t = u.by.pProgram->token;
-    for(u.by.pFrame=p->pFrame; u.by.pFrame && u.by.pFrame->token!=u.by.t; u.by.pFrame=u.by.pFrame->pParent);
-    if( u.by.pFrame ) break;
-  }
-
-  if( p->nFrame>=db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH] ){
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "too many levels of trigger recursion");
-    break;
-  }
-
-  /* Register u.by.pRt is used to store the memory required to save the state
-  ** of the current program, and the memory required at runtime to execute
-  ** the trigger program. If this trigger has been fired before, then u.by.pRt
-  ** is already allocated. Otherwise, it must be initialized.  */
-  if( (u.by.pRt->flags&MEM_Frame)==0 ){
-    /* SubProgram.nMem is set to the number of memory cells used by the
-    ** program stored in SubProgram.aOp. As well as these, one memory
-    ** cell is required for each cursor used by the program. Set local
-    ** variable u.by.nMem (and later, VdbeFrame.nChildMem) to this value.
-    */
-    u.by.nMem = u.by.pProgram->nMem + u.by.pProgram->nCsr;
-    u.by.nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))
-              + u.by.nMem * sizeof(Mem)
-              + u.by.pProgram->nCsr * sizeof(VdbeCursor *);
-    u.by.pFrame = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, u.by.nByte);
-    if( !u.by.pFrame ){
-      goto no_mem;
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(u.by.pRt);
-    u.by.pRt->flags = MEM_Frame;
-    u.by.pRt->u.pFrame = u.by.pFrame;
-
-    u.by.pFrame->v = p;
-    u.by.pFrame->nChildMem = u.by.nMem;
-    u.by.pFrame->nChildCsr = u.by.pProgram->nCsr;
-    u.by.pFrame->pc = pc;
-    u.by.pFrame->aMem = p->aMem;
-    u.by.pFrame->nMem = p->nMem;
-    u.by.pFrame->apCsr = p->apCsr;
-    u.by.pFrame->nCursor = p->nCursor;
-    u.by.pFrame->aOp = p->aOp;
-    u.by.pFrame->nOp = p->nOp;
-    u.by.pFrame->token = u.by.pProgram->token;
-
-    u.by.pEnd = &VdbeFrameMem(u.by.pFrame)[u.by.pFrame->nChildMem];
-    for(u.by.pMem=VdbeFrameMem(u.by.pFrame); u.by.pMem!=u.by.pEnd; u.by.pMem++){
-      u.by.pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
-      u.by.pMem->db = db;
-    }
-  }else{
-    u.by.pFrame = u.by.pRt->u.pFrame;
-    assert( u.by.pProgram->nMem+u.by.pProgram->nCsr==u.by.pFrame->nChildMem );
-    assert( u.by.pProgram->nCsr==u.by.pFrame->nChildCsr );
-    assert( pc==u.by.pFrame->pc );
-  }
-
-  p->nFrame++;
-  u.by.pFrame->pParent = p->pFrame;
-  u.by.pFrame->lastRowid = db->lastRowid;
-  u.by.pFrame->nChange = p->nChange;
-  p->nChange = 0;
-  p->pFrame = u.by.pFrame;
-  p->aMem = aMem = &VdbeFrameMem(u.by.pFrame)[-1];
-  p->nMem = u.by.pFrame->nChildMem;
-  p->nCursor = (u16)u.by.pFrame->nChildCsr;
-  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nMem+1];
-  p->aOp = aOp = u.by.pProgram->aOp;
-  p->nOp = u.by.pProgram->nOp;
-  pc = -1;
-
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Param P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** This opcode is only ever present in sub-programs called via the 
-** OP_Program instruction. Copy a value currently stored in a memory 
-** cell of the calling (parent) frame to cell P2 in the current frames 
-** address space. This is used by trigger programs to access the new.* 
-** and old.* values.
-**
-** The address of the cell in the parent frame is determined by adding
-** the value of the P1 argument to the value of the P1 argument to the
-** calling OP_Program instruction.
-*/
-case OP_Param: {           /* out2-prerelease */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bz */
-  VdbeFrame *pFrame;
-  Mem *pIn;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.bz */
-  u.bz.pFrame = p->pFrame;
-  u.bz.pIn = &u.bz.pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1 + u.bz.pFrame->aOp[u.bz.pFrame->pc].p1];
-  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, u.bz.pIn, MEM_Ephem);
-  break;
-}
-
-#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-/* Opcode: FkCounter P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Increment a "constraint counter" by P2 (P2 may be negative or positive).
-** If P1 is non-zero, the database constraint counter is incremented 
-** (deferred foreign key constraints). Otherwise, if P1 is zero, the 
-** statement counter is incremented (immediate foreign key constraints).
-*/
-case OP_FkCounter: {
-  if( pOp->p1 ){
-    db->nDeferredCons += pOp->p2;
-  }else{
-    p->nFkConstraint += pOp->p2;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: FkIfZero P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** This opcode tests if a foreign key constraint-counter is currently zero.
-** If so, jump to instruction P2. Otherwise, fall through to the next 
-** instruction.
-**
-** If P1 is non-zero, then the jump is taken if the database constraint-counter
-** is zero (the one that counts deferred constraint violations). If P1 is
-** zero, the jump is taken if the statement constraint-counter is zero
-** (immediate foreign key constraint violations).
-*/
-case OP_FkIfZero: {         /* jump */
-  if( pOp->p1 ){
-    if( db->nDeferredCons==0 ) pc = pOp->p2-1;
-  }else{
-    if( p->nFkConstraint==0 ) pc = pOp->p2-1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-/* Opcode: MemMax P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** P1 is a register in the root frame of this VM (the root frame is
-** different from the current frame if this instruction is being executed
-** within a sub-program). Set the value of register P1 to the maximum of 
-** its current value and the value in register P2.
-**
-** This instruction throws an error if the memory cell is not initially
-** an integer.
-*/
-case OP_MemMax: {        /* in2 */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ca */
-  Mem *pIn1;
-  VdbeFrame *pFrame;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ca */
-  if( p->pFrame ){
-    for(u.ca.pFrame=p->pFrame; u.ca.pFrame->pParent; u.ca.pFrame=u.ca.pFrame->pParent);
-    u.ca.pIn1 = &u.ca.pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1];
-  }else{
-    u.ca.pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(u.ca.pIn1);
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
-  if( u.ca.pIn1->u.i<pIn2->u.i){
-    u.ca.pIn1->u.i = pIn2->u.i;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT */
-
-/* Opcode: IfPos P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** If the value of register P1 is 1 or greater, jump to P2.
-**
-** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
-** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
-*/
-case OP_IfPos: {        /* jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
-  if( pIn1->u.i>0 ){
-     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IfNeg P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** If the value of register P1 is less than zero, jump to P2. 
-**
-** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
-** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
-*/
-case OP_IfNeg: {        /* jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
-  if( pIn1->u.i<0 ){
-     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IfZero P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** The register P1 must contain an integer.  Add literal P3 to the
-** value in register P1.  If the result is exactly 0, jump to P2. 
-**
-** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
-** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
-*/
-case OP_IfZero: {        /* jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
-  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p3;
-  if( pIn1->u.i==0 ){
-     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: AggStep * P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** Execute the step function for an aggregate.  The
-** function has P5 arguments.   P4 is a pointer to the FuncDef
-** structure that specifies the function.  Use register
-** P3 as the accumulator.
-**
-** The P5 arguments are taken from register P2 and its
-** successors.
-*/
-case OP_AggStep: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cb */
-  int n;
-  int i;
-  Mem *pMem;
-  Mem *pRec;
-  sqlite3_context ctx;
-  sqlite3_value **apVal;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.cb */
-
-  u.cb.n = pOp->p5;
-  assert( u.cb.n>=0 );
-  u.cb.pRec = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  u.cb.apVal = p->apArg;
-  assert( u.cb.apVal || u.cb.n==0 );
-  for(u.cb.i=0; u.cb.i<u.cb.n; u.cb.i++, u.cb.pRec++){
-    u.cb.apVal[u.cb.i] = u.cb.pRec;
-    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(u.cb.pRec);
-  }
-  u.cb.ctx.pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
-  u.cb.ctx.pMem = u.cb.pMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  u.cb.pMem->n++;
-  u.cb.ctx.s.flags = MEM_Null;
-  u.cb.ctx.s.z = 0;
-  u.cb.ctx.s.zMalloc = 0;
-  u.cb.ctx.s.xDel = 0;
-  u.cb.ctx.s.db = db;
-  u.cb.ctx.isError = 0;
-  u.cb.ctx.pColl = 0;
-  if( u.cb.ctx.pFunc->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
-    assert( pOp>p->aOp );
-    assert( pOp[-1].p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );
-    assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_CollSeq );
-    u.cb.ctx.pColl = pOp[-1].p4.pColl;
-  }
-  (u.cb.ctx.pFunc->xStep)(&u.cb.ctx, u.cb.n, u.cb.apVal);
-  if( u.cb.ctx.isError ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(&u.cb.ctx.s));
-    rc = u.cb.ctx.isError;
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&u.cb.ctx.s);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: AggFinal P1 P2 * P4 *
-**
-** Execute the finalizer function for an aggregate.  P1 is
-** the memory location that is the accumulator for the aggregate.
-**
-** P2 is the number of arguments that the step function takes and
-** P4 is a pointer to the FuncDef for this function.  The P2
-** argument is not used by this opcode.  It is only there to disambiguate
-** functions that can take varying numbers of arguments.  The
-** P4 argument is only needed for the degenerate case where
-** the step function was not previously called.
-*/
-case OP_AggFinal: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cc */
-  Mem *pMem;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.cc */
-  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
-  u.cc.pMem = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( (u.cc.pMem->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Agg))==0 );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(u.cc.pMem, pOp->p4.pFunc);
-  if( rc ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(u.cc.pMem));
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(u.cc.pMem, encoding);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(u.cc.pMem);
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(u.cc.pMem) ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH)
-/* Opcode: Vacuum * * * * *
-**
-** Vacuum the entire database.  This opcode will cause other virtual
-** machines to be created and run.  It may not be called from within
-** a transaction.
-*/
-case OP_Vacuum: {
-  rc = sqlite3RunVacuum(&p->zErrMsg, db);
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM)
-/* Opcode: IncrVacuum P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Perform a single step of the incremental vacuum procedure on
-** the P1 database. If the vacuum has finished, jump to instruction
-** P2. Otherwise, fall through to the next instruction.
-*/
-case OP_IncrVacuum: {        /* jump */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cd */
-  Btree *pBt;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.cd */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
-  u.cd.pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeIncrVacuum(u.cd.pBt);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Opcode: Expire P1 * * * *
-**
-** Cause precompiled statements to become expired. An expired statement
-** fails with an error code of SQLITE_SCHEMA if it is ever executed 
-** (via sqlite3_step()).
-** 
-** If P1 is 0, then all SQL statements become expired. If P1 is non-zero,
-** then only the currently executing statement is affected. 
-*/
-case OP_Expire: {
-  if( !pOp->p1 ){
-    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-  }else{
-    p->expired = 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-/* Opcode: TableLock P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** Obtain a lock on a particular table. This instruction is only used when
-** the shared-cache feature is enabled. 
-**
-** P1 is the index of the database in sqlite3.aDb[] of the database
-** on which the lock is acquired.  A readlock is obtained if P3==0 or
-** a write lock if P3==1.
-**
-** P2 contains the root-page of the table to lock.
-**
-** P4 contains a pointer to the name of the table being locked. This is only
-** used to generate an error message if the lock cannot be obtained.
-*/
-case OP_TableLock: {
-  u8 isWriteLock = (u8)pOp->p3;
-  if( isWriteLock || 0==(db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted) ){
-    int p1 = pOp->p1; 
-    assert( p1>=0 && p1<db->nDb );
-    assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<p1))!=0 );
-    assert( isWriteLock==0 || isWriteLock==1 );
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeLockTable(db->aDb[p1].pBt, pOp->p2, isWriteLock);
-    if( (rc&0xFF)==SQLITE_LOCKED ){
-      const char *z = pOp->p4.z;
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "database table is locked: %s", z);
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VBegin * * * P4 *
-**
-** P4 may be a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure. If so, call the 
-** xBegin method for that table.
-**
-** Also, whether or not P4 is set, check that this is not being called from
-** within a callback to a virtual table xSync() method. If it is, the error
-** code will be set to SQLITE_LOCKED.
-*/
-case OP_VBegin: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ce */
-  VTable *pVTab;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ce */
-  u.ce.pVTab = pOp->p4.pVtab;
-  rc = sqlite3VtabBegin(db, u.ce.pVTab);
-  if( u.ce.pVTab ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = u.ce.pVTab->pVtab->zErrMsg;
-    u.ce.pVTab->pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VCreate P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** P4 is the name of a virtual table in database P1. Call the xCreate method
-** for that table.
-*/
-case OP_VCreate: {
-  rc = sqlite3VtabCallCreate(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z, &p->zErrMsg);
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VDestroy P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** P4 is the name of a virtual table in database P1.  Call the xDestroy method
-** of that table.
-*/
-case OP_VDestroy: {
-  p->inVtabMethod = 2;
-  rc = sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
-  p->inVtabMethod = 0;
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VOpen P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
-** P1 is a cursor number.  This opcode opens a cursor to the virtual
-** table and stores that cursor in P1.
-*/
-case OP_VOpen: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cf */
-  VdbeCursor *pCur;
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  sqlite3_module *pModule;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.cf */
-
-  u.cf.pCur = 0;
-  u.cf.pVtabCursor = 0;
-  u.cf.pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
-  u.cf.pModule = (sqlite3_module *)u.cf.pVtab->pModule;
-  assert(u.cf.pVtab && u.cf.pModule);
-  rc = u.cf.pModule->xOpen(u.cf.pVtab, &u.cf.pVtabCursor);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = u.cf.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-  u.cf.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-  if( SQLITE_OK==rc ){
-    /* Initialize sqlite3_vtab_cursor base class */
-    u.cf.pVtabCursor->pVtab = u.cf.pVtab;
-
-    /* Initialise vdbe cursor object */
-    u.cf.pCur = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, 0, -1, 0);
-    if( u.cf.pCur ){
-      u.cf.pCur->pVtabCursor = u.cf.pVtabCursor;
-      u.cf.pCur->pModule = u.cf.pVtabCursor->pVtab->pModule;
-    }else{
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      u.cf.pModule->xClose(u.cf.pVtabCursor);
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VFilter P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** P1 is a cursor opened using VOpen.  P2 is an address to jump to if
-** the filtered result set is empty.
-**
-** P4 is either NULL or a string that was generated by the xBestIndex
-** method of the module.  The interpretation of the P4 string is left
-** to the module implementation.
-**
-** This opcode invokes the xFilter method on the virtual table specified
-** by P1.  The integer query plan parameter to xFilter is stored in register
-** P3. Register P3+1 stores the argc parameter to be passed to the
-** xFilter method. Registers P3+2..P3+1+argc are the argc
-** additional parameters which are passed to
-** xFilter as argv. Register P3+2 becomes argv[0] when passed to xFilter.
-**
-** A jump is made to P2 if the result set after filtering would be empty.
-*/
-case OP_VFilter: {   /* jump */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cg */
-  int nArg;
-  int iQuery;
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-  Mem *pQuery;
-  Mem *pArgc;
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  VdbeCursor *pCur;
-  int res;
-  int i;
-  Mem **apArg;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.cg */
-
-  u.cg.pQuery = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  u.cg.pArgc = &u.cg.pQuery[1];
-  u.cg.pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, u.cg.pQuery);
-  assert( u.cg.pCur->pVtabCursor );
-  u.cg.pVtabCursor = u.cg.pCur->pVtabCursor;
-  u.cg.pVtab = u.cg.pVtabCursor->pVtab;
-  u.cg.pModule = u.cg.pVtab->pModule;
-
-  /* Grab the index number and argc parameters */
-  assert( (u.cg.pQuery->flags&MEM_Int)!=0 && u.cg.pArgc->flags==MEM_Int );
-  u.cg.nArg = (int)u.cg.pArgc->u.i;
-  u.cg.iQuery = (int)u.cg.pQuery->u.i;
-
-  /* Invoke the xFilter method */
-  {
-    u.cg.res = 0;
-    u.cg.apArg = p->apArg;
-    for(u.cg.i = 0; u.cg.i<u.cg.nArg; u.cg.i++){
-      u.cg.apArg[u.cg.i] = &u.cg.pArgc[u.cg.i+1];
-      sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(u.cg.apArg[u.cg.i]);
-    }
-
-    p->inVtabMethod = 1;
-    rc = u.cg.pModule->xFilter(u.cg.pVtabCursor, u.cg.iQuery, pOp->p4.z, u.cg.nArg, u.cg.apArg);
-    p->inVtabMethod = 0;
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = u.cg.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-    u.cg.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      u.cg.res = u.cg.pModule->xEof(u.cg.pVtabCursor);
-    }
-
-    if( u.cg.res ){
-      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-    }
-  }
-  u.cg.pCur->nullRow = 0;
-
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VColumn P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Store the value of the P2-th column of
-** the row of the virtual-table that the 
-** P1 cursor is pointing to into register P3.
-*/
-case OP_VColumn: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ch */
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-  Mem *pDest;
-  sqlite3_context sContext;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ch */
-
-  VdbeCursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
-  u.ch.pDest = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( pCur->nullRow ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(u.ch.pDest);
-    break;
-  }
-  u.ch.pVtab = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab;
-  u.ch.pModule = u.ch.pVtab->pModule;
-  assert( u.ch.pModule->xColumn );
-  memset(&u.ch.sContext, 0, sizeof(u.ch.sContext));
-
-  /* The output cell may already have a buffer allocated. Move
-  ** the current contents to u.ch.sContext.s so in case the user-function
-  ** can use the already allocated buffer instead of allocating a
-  ** new one.
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(&u.ch.sContext.s, u.ch.pDest);
-  MemSetTypeFlag(&u.ch.sContext.s, MEM_Null);
-
-  rc = u.ch.pModule->xColumn(pCur->pVtabCursor, &u.ch.sContext, pOp->p2);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = u.ch.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-  u.ch.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-  if( u.ch.sContext.isError ){
-    rc = u.ch.sContext.isError;
-  }
-
-  /* Copy the result of the function to the P3 register. We
-  ** do this regardless of whether or not an error occurred to ensure any
-  ** dynamic allocation in u.ch.sContext.s (a Mem struct) is  released.
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&u.ch.sContext.s, encoding);
-  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(u.ch.pDest, &u.ch.sContext.s);
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, u.ch.pDest);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(u.ch.pDest);
-
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(u.ch.pDest) ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VNext P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Advance virtual table P1 to the next row in its result set and
-** jump to instruction P2.  Or, if the virtual table has reached
-** the end of its result set, then fall through to the next instruction.
-*/
-case OP_VNext: {   /* jump */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ci */
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-  int res;
-  VdbeCursor *pCur;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ci */
-
-  u.ci.res = 0;
-  u.ci.pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.ci.pCur->pVtabCursor );
-  if( u.ci.pCur->nullRow ){
-    break;
-  }
-  u.ci.pVtab = u.ci.pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab;
-  u.ci.pModule = u.ci.pVtab->pModule;
-  assert( u.ci.pModule->xNext );
-
-  /* Invoke the xNext() method of the module. There is no way for the
-  ** underlying implementation to return an error if one occurs during
-  ** xNext(). Instead, if an error occurs, true is returned (indicating that
-  ** data is available) and the error code returned when xColumn or
-  ** some other method is next invoked on the save virtual table cursor.
-  */
-  p->inVtabMethod = 1;
-  rc = u.ci.pModule->xNext(u.ci.pCur->pVtabCursor);
-  p->inVtabMethod = 0;
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = u.ci.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-  u.ci.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    u.ci.res = u.ci.pModule->xEof(u.ci.pCur->pVtabCursor);
-  }
-
-  if( !u.ci.res ){
-    /* If there is data, jump to P2 */
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VRename P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
-** This opcode invokes the corresponding xRename method. The value
-** in register P1 is passed as the zName argument to the xRename method.
-*/
-case OP_VRename: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cj */
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  Mem *pName;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.cj */
-
-  u.cj.pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
-  u.cj.pName = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( u.cj.pVtab->pModule->xRename );
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, u.cj.pName);
-  assert( u.cj.pName->flags & MEM_Str );
-  rc = u.cj.pVtab->pModule->xRename(u.cj.pVtab, u.cj.pName->z);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = u.cj.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-  u.cj.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VUpdate P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
-** This opcode invokes the corresponding xUpdate method. P2 values
-** are contiguous memory cells starting at P3 to pass to the xUpdate 
-** invocation. The value in register (P3+P2-1) corresponds to the 
-** p2th element of the argv array passed to xUpdate.
-**
-** The xUpdate method will do a DELETE or an INSERT or both.
-** The argv[0] element (which corresponds to memory cell P3)
-** is the rowid of a row to delete.  If argv[0] is NULL then no 
-** deletion occurs.  The argv[1] element is the rowid of the new 
-** row.  This can be NULL to have the virtual table select the new 
-** rowid for itself.  The subsequent elements in the array are 
-** the values of columns in the new row.
-**
-** If P2==1 then no insert is performed.  argv[0] is the rowid of
-** a row to delete.
-**
-** P1 is a boolean flag. If it is set to true and the xUpdate call
-** is successful, then the value returned by sqlite3_last_insert_rowid() 
-** is set to the value of the rowid for the row just inserted.
-*/
-case OP_VUpdate: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ck */
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  sqlite3_module *pModule;
-  int nArg;
-  int i;
-  sqlite_int64 rowid;
-  Mem **apArg;
-  Mem *pX;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.ck */
-
-  u.ck.pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
-  u.ck.pModule = (sqlite3_module *)u.ck.pVtab->pModule;
-  u.ck.nArg = pOp->p2;
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_VTAB );
-  if( ALWAYS(u.ck.pModule->xUpdate) ){
-    u.ck.apArg = p->apArg;
-    u.ck.pX = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-    for(u.ck.i=0; u.ck.i<u.ck.nArg; u.ck.i++){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(u.ck.pX);
-      u.ck.apArg[u.ck.i] = u.ck.pX;
-      u.ck.pX++;
-    }
-    rc = u.ck.pModule->xUpdate(u.ck.pVtab, u.ck.nArg, u.ck.apArg, &u.ck.rowid);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = u.ck.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-    u.ck.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pOp->p1 ){
-      assert( u.ck.nArg>1 && u.ck.apArg[0] && (u.ck.apArg[0]->flags&MEM_Null) );
-      db->lastRowid = u.ck.rowid;
-    }
-    p->nChange++;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef  SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-/* Opcode: Pagecount P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Write the current number of pages in database P1 to memory cell P2.
-*/
-case OP_Pagecount: {            /* out2-prerelease */
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cl */
-  int p1;
-  int nPage;
-  Pager *pPager;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.cl */
-
-  u.cl.p1 = pOp->p1;
-  u.cl.pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(db->aDb[u.cl.p1].pBt);
-  rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(u.cl.pPager, &u.cl.nPage);
-  /* OP_Pagecount is always called from within a read transaction.  The
-  ** page count has already been successfully read and cached.  So the
-  ** sqlite3PagerPagecount() call above cannot fail. */
-  if( ALWAYS(rc==SQLITE_OK) ){
-    pOut->u.i = u.cl.nPage;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-/* Opcode: Trace * * * P4 *
-**
-** If tracing is enabled (by the sqlite3_trace()) interface, then
-** the UTF-8 string contained in P4 is emitted on the trace callback.
-*/
-case OP_Trace: {
-#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cm */
-  char *zTrace;
-#endif /* local variables moved into u.cm */
-
-  u.cm.zTrace = (pOp->p4.z ? pOp->p4.z : p->zSql);
-  if( u.cm.zTrace ){
-    if( db->xTrace ){
-      char *z = sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(p, u.cm.zTrace);
-      db->xTrace(db->pTraceArg, z);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
-    }
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    if( (db->flags & SQLITE_SqlTrace)!=0 ){
-      sqlite3DebugPrintf("SQL-trace: %s\n", u.cm.zTrace);
-    }
-#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/* Opcode: Noop * * * * *
-**
-** Do nothing.  This instruction is often useful as a jump
-** destination.
-*/
-/*
-** The magic Explain opcode are only inserted when explain==2 (which
-** is to say when the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN syntax is used.)
-** This opcode records information from the optimizer.  It is the
-** the same as a no-op.  This opcodesnever appears in a real VM program.
-*/
-default: {          /* This is really OP_Noop and OP_Explain */
-  assert( pOp->opcode==OP_Noop || pOp->opcode==OP_Explain );
-  break;
-}
-
-/*****************************************************************************
-** The cases of the switch statement above this line should all be indented
-** by 6 spaces.  But the left-most 6 spaces have been removed to improve the
-** readability.  From this point on down, the normal indentation rules are
-** restored.
-*****************************************************************************/
-    }
-
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-    {
-      u64 elapsed = sqlite3Hwtime() - start;
-      pOp->cycles += elapsed;
-      pOp->cnt++;
-#if 0
-        fprintf(stdout, "%10llu ", elapsed);
-        sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, origPc, &aOp[origPc]);
-#endif
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* The following code adds nothing to the actual functionality
-    ** of the program.  It is only here for testing and debugging.
-    ** On the other hand, it does burn CPU cycles every time through
-    ** the evaluator loop.  So we can leave it out when NDEBUG is defined.
-    */
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    assert( pc>=-1 && pc<p->nOp );
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    if( p->trace ){
-      if( rc!=0 ) fprintf(p->trace,"rc=%d\n",rc);
-      if( pOp->opflags & (OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE|OPFLG_OUT2) ){
-        registerTrace(p->trace, pOp->p2, &aMem[pOp->p2]);
-      }
-      if( pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT3 ){
-        registerTrace(p->trace, pOp->p3, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
-      }
-    }
-#endif  /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
-#endif  /* NDEBUG */
-  }  /* The end of the for(;;) loop the loops through opcodes */
-
-  /* If we reach this point, it means that execution is finished with
-  ** an error of some kind.
-  */
-vdbe_error_halt:
-  assert( rc );
-  p->rc = rc;
-  testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  sqlite3_log(rc, "statement aborts at %d: [%s] %s", 
-                   pc, p->zSql, p->zErrMsg);
-  sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  if( resetSchemaOnFault ) sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-
-  /* This is the only way out of this procedure.  We have to
-  ** release the mutexes on btrees that were acquired at the
-  ** top. */
-vdbe_return:
-  sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(&p->aMutex);
-  return rc;
-
-  /* Jump to here if a string or blob larger than SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
-  ** is encountered.
-  */
-too_big:
-  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "string or blob too big");
-  rc = SQLITE_TOOBIG;
-  goto vdbe_error_halt;
-
-  /* Jump to here if a malloc() fails.
-  */
-no_mem:
-  db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "out of memory");
-  rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  goto vdbe_error_halt;
-
-  /* Jump to here for any other kind of fatal error.  The "rc" variable
-  ** should hold the error number.
-  */
-abort_due_to_error:
-  assert( p->zErrMsg==0 );
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
-  }
-  goto vdbe_error_halt;
-
-  /* Jump to here if the sqlite3_interrupt() API sets the interrupt
-  ** flag.
-  */
-abort_due_to_interrupt:
-  assert( db->u1.isInterrupted );
-  rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-  p->rc = rc;
-  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
-  goto vdbe_error_halt;
-}
-
-/************** End of vdbe.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file vdbeblob.c ****************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 May 1
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains code used to implement incremental BLOB I/O.
-*/
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-
-/*
-** Valid sqlite3_blob* handles point to Incrblob structures.
-*/
-typedef struct Incrblob Incrblob;
-struct Incrblob {
-  int flags;              /* Copy of "flags" passed to sqlite3_blob_open() */
-  int nByte;              /* Size of open blob, in bytes */
-  int iOffset;            /* Byte offset of blob in cursor data */
-  BtCursor *pCsr;         /* Cursor pointing at blob row */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;    /* Statement holding cursor open */
-  sqlite3 *db;            /* The associated database */
-};
-
-/*
-** Open a blob handle.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
-  sqlite3* db,            /* The database connection */
-  const char *zDb,        /* The attached database containing the blob */
-  const char *zTable,     /* The table containing the blob */
-  const char *zColumn,    /* The column containing the blob */
-  sqlite_int64 iRow,      /* The row containing the glob */
-  int flags,              /* True -> read/write access, false -> read-only */
-  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob   /* Handle for accessing the blob returned here */
-){
-  int nAttempt = 0;
-  int iCol;               /* Index of zColumn in row-record */
-
-  /* This VDBE program seeks a btree cursor to the identified 
-  ** db/table/row entry. The reason for using a vdbe program instead
-  ** of writing code to use the b-tree layer directly is that the
-  ** vdbe program will take advantage of the various transaction,
-  ** locking and error handling infrastructure built into the vdbe.
-  **
-  ** After seeking the cursor, the vdbe executes an OP_ResultRow.
-  ** Code external to the Vdbe then "borrows" the b-tree cursor and
-  ** uses it to implement the blob_read(), blob_write() and 
-  ** blob_bytes() functions.
-  **
-  ** The sqlite3_blob_close() function finalizes the vdbe program,
-  ** which closes the b-tree cursor and (possibly) commits the 
-  ** transaction.
-  */
-  static const VdbeOpList openBlob[] = {
-    {OP_Transaction, 0, 0, 0},     /* 0: Start a transaction */
-    {OP_VerifyCookie, 0, 0, 0},    /* 1: Check the schema cookie */
-    {OP_TableLock, 0, 0, 0},       /* 2: Acquire a read or write lock */
-
-    /* One of the following two instructions is replaced by an OP_Noop. */
-    {OP_OpenRead, 0, 0, 0},        /* 3: Open cursor 0 for reading */
-    {OP_OpenWrite, 0, 0, 0},       /* 4: Open cursor 0 for read/write */
-
-    {OP_Variable, 1, 1, 1},        /* 5: Push the rowid to the stack */
-    {OP_NotExists, 0, 9, 1},       /* 6: Seek the cursor */
-    {OP_Column, 0, 0, 1},          /* 7  */
-    {OP_ResultRow, 1, 0, 0},       /* 8  */
-    {OP_Close, 0, 0, 0},           /* 9  */
-    {OP_Halt, 0, 0, 0},            /* 10 */
-  };
-
-  Vdbe *v = 0;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  char *zErr = 0;
-  Table *pTab;
-  Parse *pParse;
-
-  *ppBlob = 0;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  pParse = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(db, sizeof(*pParse));
-  if( pParse==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    goto blob_open_out;
-  }
-  do {
-    memset(pParse, 0, sizeof(Parse));
-    pParse->db = db;
-
-    sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-    pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, zTable, zDb);
-    if( pTab && IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-      pTab = 0;
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot open virtual table: %s", zTable);
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-    if( pTab && pTab->pSelect ){
-      pTab = 0;
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot open view: %s", zTable);
-    }
-#endif
-    if( !pTab ){
-      if( pParse->zErrMsg ){
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-        zErr = pParse->zErrMsg;
-        pParse->zErrMsg = 0;
-      }
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-      sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
-      goto blob_open_out;
-    }
-
-    /* Now search pTab for the exact column. */
-    for(iCol=0; iCol < pTab->nCol; iCol++) {
-      if( sqlite3StrICmp(pTab->aCol[iCol].zName, zColumn)==0 ){
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if( iCol==pTab->nCol ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-      zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "no such column: \"%s\"", zColumn);
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-      sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
-      goto blob_open_out;
-    }
-
-    /* If the value is being opened for writing, check that the
-    ** column is not indexed, and that it is not part of a foreign key. 
-    ** It is against the rules to open a column to which either of these
-    ** descriptions applies for writing.  */
-    if( flags ){
-      const char *zFault = 0;
-      Index *pIdx;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-      if( db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
-        /* Check that the column is not part of an FK child key definition. It
-        ** is not necessary to check if it is part of a parent key, as parent
-        ** key columns must be indexed. The check below will pick up this 
-        ** case.  */
-        FKey *pFKey;
-        for(pFKey=pTab->pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
-          int j;
-          for(j=0; j<pFKey->nCol; j++){
-            if( pFKey->aCol[j].iFrom==iCol ){
-              zFault = "foreign key";
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-#endif
-      for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-        int j;
-        for(j=0; j<pIdx->nColumn; j++){
-          if( pIdx->aiColumn[j]==iCol ){
-            zFault = "indexed";
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if( zFault ){
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-        zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "cannot open %s column for writing", zFault);
-        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-        sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
-        goto blob_open_out;
-      }
-    }
-
-    v = sqlite3VdbeCreate(db);
-    if( v ){
-      int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, sizeof(openBlob)/sizeof(VdbeOpList), openBlob);
-      flags = !!flags;                 /* flags = (flags ? 1 : 0); */
-
-      /* Configure the OP_Transaction */
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, 0, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, 0, flags);
-
-      /* Configure the OP_VerifyCookie */
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, 1, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, 1, pTab->pSchema->schema_cookie);
-
-      /* Make sure a mutex is held on the table to be accessed */
-      sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb); 
-
-      /* Configure the OP_TableLock instruction */
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, 2, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, 2, pTab->tnum);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, 2, flags);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, 2, pTab->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
-
-      /* Remove either the OP_OpenWrite or OpenRead. Set the P2 
-      ** parameter of the other to pTab->tnum.  */
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, 4 - flags, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, 3 + flags, pTab->tnum);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, 3 + flags, iDb);
-
-      /* Configure the number of columns. Configure the cursor to
-      ** think that the table has one more column than it really
-      ** does. An OP_Column to retrieve this imaginary column will
-      ** always return an SQL NULL. This is useful because it means
-      ** we can invoke OP_Column to fill in the vdbe cursors type 
-      ** and offset cache without causing any IO.
-      */
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, 3+flags, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(pTab->nCol+1),P4_INT32);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, 7, pTab->nCol);
-      if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-        sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
-      }
-    }
-   
-    sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
-    if( db->mallocFailed ){
-      goto blob_open_out;
-    }
-
-    sqlite3_bind_int64((sqlite3_stmt *)v, 1, iRow);
-    rc = sqlite3_step((sqlite3_stmt *)v);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
-      nAttempt++;
-      rc = sqlite3_finalize((sqlite3_stmt *)v);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-      zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-      v = 0;
-    }
-  } while( nAttempt<5 && rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA );
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
-    /* The row-record has been opened successfully. Check that the
-    ** column in question contains text or a blob. If it contains
-    ** text, it is up to the caller to get the encoding right.
-    */
-    Incrblob *pBlob;
-    u32 type = v->apCsr[0]->aType[iCol];
-
-    if( type<12 ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-      zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "cannot open value of type %s",
-          type==0?"null": type==7?"real": "integer"
-      );
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-      goto blob_open_out;
-    }
-    pBlob = (Incrblob *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Incrblob));
-    if( db->mallocFailed ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pBlob);
-      goto blob_open_out;
-    }
-    pBlob->flags = flags;
-    pBlob->pCsr =  v->apCsr[0]->pCursor;
-    sqlite3BtreeEnterCursor(pBlob->pCsr);
-    sqlite3BtreeCacheOverflow(pBlob->pCsr);
-    sqlite3BtreeLeaveCursor(pBlob->pCsr);
-    pBlob->pStmt = (sqlite3_stmt *)v;
-    pBlob->iOffset = v->apCsr[0]->aOffset[iCol];
-    pBlob->nByte = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(type);
-    pBlob->db = db;
-    *ppBlob = (sqlite3_blob *)pBlob;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-    zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "no such rowid: %lld", iRow);
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-blob_open_out:
-  if( v && (rc!=SQLITE_OK || db->mallocFailed) ){
-    sqlite3VdbeFinalize(v);
-  }
-  sqlite3Error(db, rc, zErr);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-  sqlite3StackFree(db, pParse);
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a blob handle that was previously created using
-** sqlite3_blob_open().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *pBlob){
-  Incrblob *p = (Incrblob *)pBlob;
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3 *db;
-
-  if( p ){
-    db = p->db;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-    rc = sqlite3_finalize(p->pStmt);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  }else{
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Perform a read or write operation on a blob
-*/
-static int blobReadWrite(
-  sqlite3_blob *pBlob, 
-  void *z, 
-  int n, 
-  int iOffset, 
-  int (*xCall)(BtCursor*, u32, u32, void*)
-){
-  int rc;
-  Incrblob *p = (Incrblob *)pBlob;
-  Vdbe *v;
-  sqlite3 *db;
-
-  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  db = p->db;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  v = (Vdbe*)p->pStmt;
-
-  if( n<0 || iOffset<0 || (iOffset+n)>p->nByte ){
-    /* Request is out of range. Return a transient error. */
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_ERROR, 0);
-  } else if( v==0 ){
-    /* If there is no statement handle, then the blob-handle has
-    ** already been invalidated. Return SQLITE_ABORT in this case.
-    */
-    rc = SQLITE_ABORT;
-  }else{
-    /* Call either BtreeData() or BtreePutData(). If SQLITE_ABORT is
-    ** returned, clean-up the statement handle.
-    */
-    assert( db == v->db );
-    sqlite3BtreeEnterCursor(p->pCsr);
-    rc = xCall(p->pCsr, iOffset+p->iOffset, n, z);
-    sqlite3BtreeLeaveCursor(p->pCsr);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_ABORT ){
-      sqlite3VdbeFinalize(v);
-      p->pStmt = 0;
-    }else{
-      db->errCode = rc;
-      v->rc = rc;
-    }
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Read data from a blob handle.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *pBlob, void *z, int n, int iOffset){
-  return blobReadWrite(pBlob, z, n, iOffset, sqlite3BtreeData);
-}
-
-/*
-** Write data to a blob handle.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *pBlob, const void *z, int n, int iOffset){
-  return blobReadWrite(pBlob, (void *)z, n, iOffset, sqlite3BtreePutData);
-}
-
-/*
-** Query a blob handle for the size of the data.
-**
-** The Incrblob.nByte field is fixed for the lifetime of the Incrblob
-** so no mutex is required for access.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *pBlob){
-  Incrblob *p = (Incrblob *)pBlob;
-  return p ? p->nByte : 0;
-}
-
-#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB */
-
-/************** End of vdbeblob.c ********************************************/
-/************** Begin file journal.c *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 August 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file implements a special kind of sqlite3_file object used
-** by SQLite to create journal files if the atomic-write optimization
-** is enabled.
-**
-** The distinctive characteristic of this sqlite3_file is that the
-** actual on disk file is created lazily. When the file is created,
-** the caller specifies a buffer size for an in-memory buffer to
-** be used to service read() and write() requests. The actual file
-** on disk is not created or populated until either:
-**
-**   1) The in-memory representation grows too large for the allocated 
-**      buffer, or
-**   2) The sqlite3JournalCreate() function is called.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
-
-
-/*
-** A JournalFile object is a subclass of sqlite3_file used by
-** as an open file handle for journal files.
-*/
-struct JournalFile {
-  sqlite3_io_methods *pMethod;    /* I/O methods on journal files */
-  int nBuf;                       /* Size of zBuf[] in bytes */
-  char *zBuf;                     /* Space to buffer journal writes */
-  int iSize;                      /* Amount of zBuf[] currently used */
-  int flags;                      /* xOpen flags */
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;              /* The "real" underlying VFS */
-  sqlite3_file *pReal;            /* The "real" underlying file descriptor */
-  const char *zJournal;           /* Name of the journal file */
-};
-typedef struct JournalFile JournalFile;
-
-/*
-** If it does not already exists, create and populate the on-disk file 
-** for JournalFile p.
-*/
-static int createFile(JournalFile *p){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( !p->pReal ){
-    sqlite3_file *pReal = (sqlite3_file *)&p[1];
-    rc = sqlite3OsOpen(p->pVfs, p->zJournal, pReal, p->flags, 0);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      p->pReal = pReal;
-      if( p->iSize>0 ){
-        assert(p->iSize<=p->nBuf);
-        rc = sqlite3OsWrite(p->pReal, p->zBuf, p->iSize, 0);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close the file.
-*/
-static int jrnlClose(sqlite3_file *pJfd){
-  JournalFile *p = (JournalFile *)pJfd;
-  if( p->pReal ){
-    sqlite3OsClose(p->pReal);
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(p->zBuf);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Read data from the file.
-*/
-static int jrnlRead(
-  sqlite3_file *pJfd,    /* The journal file from which to read */
-  void *zBuf,            /* Put the results here */
-  int iAmt,              /* Number of bytes to read */
-  sqlite_int64 iOfst     /* Begin reading at this offset */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  JournalFile *p = (JournalFile *)pJfd;
-  if( p->pReal ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsRead(p->pReal, zBuf, iAmt, iOfst);
-  }else if( (iAmt+iOfst)>p->iSize ){
-    rc = SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ;
-  }else{
-    memcpy(zBuf, &p->zBuf[iOfst], iAmt);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Write data to the file.
-*/
-static int jrnlWrite(
-  sqlite3_file *pJfd,    /* The journal file into which to write */
-  const void *zBuf,      /* Take data to be written from here */
-  int iAmt,              /* Number of bytes to write */
-  sqlite_int64 iOfst     /* Begin writing at this offset into the file */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  JournalFile *p = (JournalFile *)pJfd;
-  if( !p->pReal && (iOfst+iAmt)>p->nBuf ){
-    rc = createFile(p);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( p->pReal ){
-      rc = sqlite3OsWrite(p->pReal, zBuf, iAmt, iOfst);
-    }else{
-      memcpy(&p->zBuf[iOfst], zBuf, iAmt);
-      if( p->iSize<(iOfst+iAmt) ){
-        p->iSize = (iOfst+iAmt);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Truncate the file.
-*/
-static int jrnlTruncate(sqlite3_file *pJfd, sqlite_int64 size){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  JournalFile *p = (JournalFile *)pJfd;
-  if( p->pReal ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(p->pReal, size);
-  }else if( size<p->iSize ){
-    p->iSize = size;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Sync the file.
-*/
-static int jrnlSync(sqlite3_file *pJfd, int flags){
-  int rc;
-  JournalFile *p = (JournalFile *)pJfd;
-  if( p->pReal ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsSync(p->pReal, flags);
-  }else{
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Query the size of the file in bytes.
-*/
-static int jrnlFileSize(sqlite3_file *pJfd, sqlite_int64 *pSize){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  JournalFile *p = (JournalFile *)pJfd;
-  if( p->pReal ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(p->pReal, pSize);
-  }else{
-    *pSize = (sqlite_int64) p->iSize;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Table of methods for JournalFile sqlite3_file object.
-*/
-static struct sqlite3_io_methods JournalFileMethods = {
-  1,             /* iVersion */
-  jrnlClose,     /* xClose */
-  jrnlRead,      /* xRead */
-  jrnlWrite,     /* xWrite */
-  jrnlTruncate,  /* xTruncate */
-  jrnlSync,      /* xSync */
-  jrnlFileSize,  /* xFileSize */
-  0,             /* xLock */
-  0,             /* xUnlock */
-  0,             /* xCheckReservedLock */
-  0,             /* xFileControl */
-  0,             /* xSectorSize */
-  0              /* xDeviceCharacteristics */
-};
-
-/* 
-** Open a journal file.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JournalOpen(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,         /* The VFS to use for actual file I/O */
-  const char *zName,         /* Name of the journal file */
-  sqlite3_file *pJfd,        /* Preallocated, blank file handle */
-  int flags,                 /* Opening flags */
-  int nBuf                   /* Bytes buffered before opening the file */
-){
-  JournalFile *p = (JournalFile *)pJfd;
-  memset(p, 0, sqlite3JournalSize(pVfs));
-  if( nBuf>0 ){
-    p->zBuf = sqlite3MallocZero(nBuf);
-    if( !p->zBuf ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-  }else{
-    return sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, zName, pJfd, flags, 0);
-  }
-  p->pMethod = &JournalFileMethods;
-  p->nBuf = nBuf;
-  p->flags = flags;
-  p->zJournal = zName;
-  p->pVfs = pVfs;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** If the argument p points to a JournalFile structure, and the underlying
-** file has not yet been created, create it now.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *p){
-  if( p->pMethods!=&JournalFileMethods ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  return createFile((JournalFile *)p);
-}
-
-/* 
-** Return the number of bytes required to store a JournalFile that uses vfs
-** pVfs to create the underlying on-disk files.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs){
-  return (pVfs->szOsFile+sizeof(JournalFile));
-}
-#endif
-
-/************** End of journal.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file memjournal.c **************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 October 7
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains code use to implement an in-memory rollback journal.
-** The in-memory rollback journal is used to journal transactions for
-** ":memory:" databases and when the journal_mode=MEMORY pragma is used.
-*/
-
-/* Forward references to internal structures */
-typedef struct MemJournal MemJournal;
-typedef struct FilePoint FilePoint;
-typedef struct FileChunk FileChunk;
-
-/* Space to hold the rollback journal is allocated in increments of
-** this many bytes.
-**
-** The size chosen is a little less than a power of two.  That way,
-** the FileChunk object will have a size that almost exactly fills
-** a power-of-two allocation.  This mimimizes wasted space in power-of-two
-** memory allocators.
-*/
-#define JOURNAL_CHUNKSIZE ((int)(1024-sizeof(FileChunk*)))
-
-/* Macro to find the minimum of two numeric values.
-*/
-#ifndef MIN
-# define MIN(x,y) ((x)<(y)?(x):(y))
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The rollback journal is composed of a linked list of these structures.
-*/
-struct FileChunk {
-  FileChunk *pNext;               /* Next chunk in the journal */
-  u8 zChunk[JOURNAL_CHUNKSIZE];   /* Content of this chunk */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of this object serves as a cursor into the rollback journal.
-** The cursor can be either for reading or writing.
-*/
-struct FilePoint {
-  sqlite3_int64 iOffset;          /* Offset from the beginning of the file */
-  FileChunk *pChunk;              /* Specific chunk into which cursor points */
-};
-
-/*
-** This subclass is a subclass of sqlite3_file.  Each open memory-journal
-** is an instance of this class.
-*/
-struct MemJournal {
-  sqlite3_io_methods *pMethod;    /* Parent class. MUST BE FIRST */
-  FileChunk *pFirst;              /* Head of in-memory chunk-list */
-  FilePoint endpoint;             /* Pointer to the end of the file */
-  FilePoint readpoint;            /* Pointer to the end of the last xRead() */
-};
-
-/*
-** Read data from the in-memory journal file.  This is the implementation
-** of the sqlite3_vfs.xRead method.
-*/
-static int memjrnlRead(
-  sqlite3_file *pJfd,    /* The journal file from which to read */
-  void *zBuf,            /* Put the results here */
-  int iAmt,              /* Number of bytes to read */
-  sqlite_int64 iOfst     /* Begin reading at this offset */
-){
-  MemJournal *p = (MemJournal *)pJfd;
-  u8 *zOut = zBuf;
-  int nRead = iAmt;
-  int iChunkOffset;
-  FileChunk *pChunk;
-
-  /* SQLite never tries to read past the end of a rollback journal file */
-  assert( iOfst+iAmt<=p->endpoint.iOffset );
-
-  if( p->readpoint.iOffset!=iOfst || iOfst==0 ){
-    sqlite3_int64 iOff = 0;
-    for(pChunk=p->pFirst; 
-        ALWAYS(pChunk) && (iOff+JOURNAL_CHUNKSIZE)<=iOfst;
-        pChunk=pChunk->pNext
-    ){
-      iOff += JOURNAL_CHUNKSIZE;
-    }
-  }else{
-    pChunk = p->readpoint.pChunk;
-  }
-
-  iChunkOffset = (int)(iOfst%JOURNAL_CHUNKSIZE);
-  do {
-    int iSpace = JOURNAL_CHUNKSIZE - iChunkOffset;
-    int nCopy = MIN(nRead, (JOURNAL_CHUNKSIZE - iChunkOffset));
-    memcpy(zOut, &pChunk->zChunk[iChunkOffset], nCopy);
-    zOut += nCopy;
-    nRead -= iSpace;
-    iChunkOffset = 0;
-  } while( nRead>=0 && (pChunk=pChunk->pNext)!=0 && nRead>0 );
-  p->readpoint.iOffset = iOfst+iAmt;
-  p->readpoint.pChunk = pChunk;
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Write data to the file.
-*/
-static int memjrnlWrite(
-  sqlite3_file *pJfd,    /* The journal file into which to write */
-  const void *zBuf,      /* Take data to be written from here */
-  int iAmt,              /* Number of bytes to write */
-  sqlite_int64 iOfst     /* Begin writing at this offset into the file */
-){
-  MemJournal *p = (MemJournal *)pJfd;
-  int nWrite = iAmt;
-  u8 *zWrite = (u8 *)zBuf;
-
-  /* An in-memory journal file should only ever be appended to. Random
-  ** access writes are not required by sqlite.
-  */
-  assert( iOfst==p->endpoint.iOffset );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(iOfst);
-
-  while( nWrite>0 ){
-    FileChunk *pChunk = p->endpoint.pChunk;
-    int iChunkOffset = (int)(p->endpoint.iOffset%JOURNAL_CHUNKSIZE);
-    int iSpace = MIN(nWrite, JOURNAL_CHUNKSIZE - iChunkOffset);
-
-    if( iChunkOffset==0 ){
-      /* New chunk is required to extend the file. */
-      FileChunk *pNew = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(FileChunk));
-      if( !pNew ){
-        return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
-      }
-      pNew->pNext = 0;
-      if( pChunk ){
-        assert( p->pFirst );
-        pChunk->pNext = pNew;
-      }else{
-        assert( !p->pFirst );
-        p->pFirst = pNew;
-      }
-      p->endpoint.pChunk = pNew;
-    }
-
-    memcpy(&p->endpoint.pChunk->zChunk[iChunkOffset], zWrite, iSpace);
-    zWrite += iSpace;
-    nWrite -= iSpace;
-    p->endpoint.iOffset += iSpace;
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Truncate the file.
-*/
-static int memjrnlTruncate(sqlite3_file *pJfd, sqlite_int64 size){
-  MemJournal *p = (MemJournal *)pJfd;
-  FileChunk *pChunk;
-  assert(size==0);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(size);
-  pChunk = p->pFirst;
-  while( pChunk ){
-    FileChunk *pTmp = pChunk;
-    pChunk = pChunk->pNext;
-    sqlite3_free(pTmp);
-  }
-  sqlite3MemJournalOpen(pJfd);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close the file.
-*/
-static int memjrnlClose(sqlite3_file *pJfd){
-  memjrnlTruncate(pJfd, 0);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Sync the file.
-**
-** Syncing an in-memory journal is a no-op.  And, in fact, this routine
-** is never called in a working implementation.  This implementation
-** exists purely as a contingency, in case some malfunction in some other
-** part of SQLite causes Sync to be called by mistake.
-*/
-static int memjrnlSync(sqlite3_file *NotUsed, int NotUsed2){   /*NO_TEST*/
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);                        /*NO_TEST*/
-  assert( 0 );                                                 /*NO_TEST*/
-  return SQLITE_OK;                                            /*NO_TEST*/
-}                                                              /*NO_TEST*/
-
-/*
-** Query the size of the file in bytes.
-*/
-static int memjrnlFileSize(sqlite3_file *pJfd, sqlite_int64 *pSize){
-  MemJournal *p = (MemJournal *)pJfd;
-  *pSize = (sqlite_int64) p->endpoint.iOffset;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Table of methods for MemJournal sqlite3_file object.
-*/
-static struct sqlite3_io_methods MemJournalMethods = {
-  1,                /* iVersion */
-  memjrnlClose,     /* xClose */
-  memjrnlRead,      /* xRead */
-  memjrnlWrite,     /* xWrite */
-  memjrnlTruncate,  /* xTruncate */
-  memjrnlSync,      /* xSync */
-  memjrnlFileSize,  /* xFileSize */
-  0,                /* xLock */
-  0,                /* xUnlock */
-  0,                /* xCheckReservedLock */
-  0,                /* xFileControl */
-  0,                /* xSectorSize */
-  0                 /* xDeviceCharacteristics */
-};
-
-/* 
-** Open a journal file.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *pJfd){
-  MemJournal *p = (MemJournal *)pJfd;
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(p) );
-  memset(p, 0, sqlite3MemJournalSize());
-  p->pMethod = &MemJournalMethods;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return true if the file-handle passed as an argument is 
-** an in-memory journal 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsMemJournal(sqlite3_file *pJfd){
-  return pJfd->pMethods==&MemJournalMethods;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Return the number of bytes required to store a MemJournal that uses vfs
-** pVfs to create the underlying on-disk files.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemJournalSize(void){
-  return sizeof(MemJournal);
-}
-
-/************** End of memjournal.c ******************************************/
-/************** Begin file walker.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 August 16
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains routines used for walking the parser tree for
-** an SQL statement.
-*/
-
-
-/*
-** Walk an expression tree.  Invoke the callback once for each node
-** of the expression, while decending.  (In other words, the callback
-** is invoked before visiting children.)
-**
-** The return value from the callback should be one of the WRC_*
-** constants to specify how to proceed with the walk.
-**
-**    WRC_Continue      Continue descending down the tree.
-**
-**    WRC_Prune         Do not descend into child nodes.  But allow
-**                      the walk to continue with sibling nodes.
-**
-**    WRC_Abort         Do no more callbacks.  Unwind the stack and
-**                      return the top-level walk call.
-**
-** The return value from this routine is WRC_Abort to abandon the tree walk
-** and WRC_Continue to continue.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
-  int rc;
-  if( pExpr==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
-  testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) );
-  testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Reduced) );
-  rc = pWalker->xExprCallback(pWalker, pExpr);
-  if( rc==WRC_Continue
-              && !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr,EP_TokenOnly) ){
-    if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft) ) return WRC_Abort;
-    if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pRight) ) return WRC_Abort;
-    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-      if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return WRC_Abort;
-    }else{
-      if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->x.pList) ) return WRC_Abort;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc & WRC_Abort;
-}
-
-/*
-** Call sqlite3WalkExpr() for every expression in list p or until
-** an abort request is seen.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker *pWalker, ExprList *p){
-  int i;
-  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-  if( p ){
-    for(i=p->nExpr, pItem=p->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
-      if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pItem->pExpr) ) return WRC_Abort;
-    }
-  }
-  return WRC_Continue;
-}
-
-/*
-** Walk all expressions associated with SELECT statement p.  Do
-** not invoke the SELECT callback on p, but do (of course) invoke
-** any expr callbacks and SELECT callbacks that come from subqueries.
-** Return WRC_Abort or WRC_Continue.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
-  if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, p->pEList) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pWhere) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, p->pGroupBy) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pHaving) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, p->pOrderBy) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pLimit) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pOffset) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  return WRC_Continue;
-}
-
-/*
-** Walk the parse trees associated with all subqueries in the
-** FROM clause of SELECT statement p.  Do not invoke the select
-** callback on p, but do invoke it on each FROM clause subquery
-** and on any subqueries further down in the tree.  Return 
-** WRC_Abort or WRC_Continue;
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
-  SrcList *pSrc;
-  int i;
-  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
-
-  pSrc = p->pSrc;
-  if( ALWAYS(pSrc) ){
-    for(i=pSrc->nSrc, pItem=pSrc->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
-      if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pItem->pSelect) ){
-        return WRC_Abort;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return WRC_Continue;
-} 
-
-/*
-** Call sqlite3WalkExpr() for every expression in Select statement p.
-** Invoke sqlite3WalkSelect() for subqueries in the FROM clause and
-** on the compound select chain, p->pPrior.
-**
-** Return WRC_Continue under normal conditions.  Return WRC_Abort if
-** there is an abort request.
-**
-** If the Walker does not have an xSelectCallback() then this routine
-** is a no-op returning WRC_Continue.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
-  int rc;
-  if( p==0 || pWalker->xSelectCallback==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
-  rc = WRC_Continue;
-  while( p  ){
-    rc = pWalker->xSelectCallback(pWalker, p);
-    if( rc ) break;
-    if( sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(pWalker, p) ) return WRC_Abort;
-    if( sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(pWalker, p) ) return WRC_Abort;
-    p = p->pPrior;
-  }
-  return rc & WRC_Abort;
-}
-
-/************** End of walker.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file resolve.c *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 August 18
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains routines used for walking the parser tree and
-** resolve all identifiers by associating them with a particular
-** table and column.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Turn the pExpr expression into an alias for the iCol-th column of the
-** result set in pEList.
-**
-** If the result set column is a simple column reference, then this routine
-** makes an exact copy.  But for any other kind of expression, this
-** routine make a copy of the result set column as the argument to the
-** TK_AS operator.  The TK_AS operator causes the expression to be
-** evaluated just once and then reused for each alias.
-**
-** The reason for suppressing the TK_AS term when the expression is a simple
-** column reference is so that the column reference will be recognized as
-** usable by indices within the WHERE clause processing logic. 
-**
-** Hack:  The TK_AS operator is inhibited if zType[0]=='G'.  This means
-** that in a GROUP BY clause, the expression is evaluated twice.  Hence:
-**
-**     SELECT random()%5 AS x, count(*) FROM tab GROUP BY x
-**
-** Is equivalent to:
-**
-**     SELECT random()%5 AS x, count(*) FROM tab GROUP BY random()%5
-**
-** The result of random()%5 in the GROUP BY clause is probably different
-** from the result in the result-set.  We might fix this someday.  Or
-** then again, we might not...
-*/
-static void resolveAlias(
-  Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context */
-  ExprList *pEList,      /* A result set */
-  int iCol,              /* A column in the result set.  0..pEList->nExpr-1 */
-  Expr *pExpr,           /* Transform this into an alias to the result set */
-  const char *zType      /* "GROUP" or "ORDER" or "" */
-){
-  Expr *pOrig;           /* The iCol-th column of the result set */
-  Expr *pDup;            /* Copy of pOrig */
-  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database connection */
-
-  assert( iCol>=0 && iCol<pEList->nExpr );
-  pOrig = pEList->a[iCol].pExpr;
-  assert( pOrig!=0 );
-  assert( pOrig->flags & EP_Resolved );
-  db = pParse->db;
-  if( pOrig->op!=TK_COLUMN && zType[0]!='G' ){
-    pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
-    pDup = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AS, pDup, 0, 0);
-    if( pDup==0 ) return;
-    if( pEList->a[iCol].iAlias==0 ){
-      pEList->a[iCol].iAlias = (u16)(++pParse->nAlias);
-    }
-    pDup->iTable = pEList->a[iCol].iAlias;
-  }else if( ExprHasProperty(pOrig, EP_IntValue) || pOrig->u.zToken==0 ){
-    pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
-    if( pDup==0 ) return;
-  }else{
-    char *zToken = pOrig->u.zToken;
-    assert( zToken!=0 );
-    pOrig->u.zToken = 0;
-    pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
-    pOrig->u.zToken = zToken;
-    if( pDup==0 ) return;
-    assert( (pDup->flags & (EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly))==0 );
-    pDup->flags2 |= EP2_MallocedToken;
-    pDup->u.zToken = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zToken);
-  }
-  if( pExpr->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-    pDup->pColl = pExpr->pColl;
-    pDup->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
-  }
-
-  /* Before calling sqlite3ExprDelete(), set the EP_Static flag. This 
-  ** prevents ExprDelete() from deleting the Expr structure itself,
-  ** allowing it to be repopulated by the memcpy() on the following line.
-  */
-  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Static);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
-  memcpy(pExpr, pDup, sizeof(*pExpr));
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pDup);
-}
-
-/*
-** Given the name of a column of the form X.Y.Z or Y.Z or just Z, look up
-** that name in the set of source tables in pSrcList and make the pExpr 
-** expression node refer back to that source column.  The following changes
-** are made to pExpr:
-**
-**    pExpr->iDb           Set the index in db->aDb[] of the database X
-**                         (even if X is implied).
-**    pExpr->iTable        Set to the cursor number for the table obtained
-**                         from pSrcList.
-**    pExpr->pTab          Points to the Table structure of X.Y (even if
-**                         X and/or Y are implied.)
-**    pExpr->iColumn       Set to the column number within the table.
-**    pExpr->op            Set to TK_COLUMN.
-**    pExpr->pLeft         Any expression this points to is deleted
-**    pExpr->pRight        Any expression this points to is deleted.
-**
-** The zDb variable is the name of the database (the "X").  This value may be
-** NULL meaning that name is of the form Y.Z or Z.  Any available database
-** can be used.  The zTable variable is the name of the table (the "Y").  This
-** value can be NULL if zDb is also NULL.  If zTable is NULL it
-** means that the form of the name is Z and that columns from any table
-** can be used.
-**
-** If the name cannot be resolved unambiguously, leave an error message
-** in pParse and return WRC_Abort.  Return WRC_Prune on success.
-*/
-static int lookupName(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* The parsing context */
-  const char *zDb,     /* Name of the database containing table, or NULL */
-  const char *zTab,    /* Name of table containing column, or NULL */
-  const char *zCol,    /* Name of the column. */
-  NameContext *pNC,    /* The name context used to resolve the name */
-  Expr *pExpr          /* Make this EXPR node point to the selected column */
-){
-  int i, j;            /* Loop counters */
-  int cnt = 0;                      /* Number of matching column names */
-  int cntTab = 0;                   /* Number of matching table names */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;         /* The database connection */
-  struct SrcList_item *pItem;       /* Use for looping over pSrcList items */
-  struct SrcList_item *pMatch = 0;  /* The matching pSrcList item */
-  NameContext *pTopNC = pNC;        /* First namecontext in the list */
-  Schema *pSchema = 0;              /* Schema of the expression */
-  int isTrigger = 0;
-
-  assert( pNC );     /* the name context cannot be NULL. */
-  assert( zCol );    /* The Z in X.Y.Z cannot be NULL */
-  assert( ~ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
-
-  /* Initialize the node to no-match */
-  pExpr->iTable = -1;
-  pExpr->pTab = 0;
-  ExprSetIrreducible(pExpr);
-
-  /* Start at the inner-most context and move outward until a match is found */
-  while( pNC && cnt==0 ){
-    ExprList *pEList;
-    SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
-
-    if( pSrcList ){
-      for(i=0, pItem=pSrcList->a; i<pSrcList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
-        Table *pTab;
-        int iDb;
-        Column *pCol;
-  
-        pTab = pItem->pTab;
-        assert( pTab!=0 && pTab->zName!=0 );
-        iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-        assert( pTab->nCol>0 );
-        if( zTab ){
-          if( pItem->zAlias ){
-            char *zTabName = pItem->zAlias;
-            if( sqlite3StrICmp(zTabName, zTab)!=0 ) continue;
-          }else{
-            char *zTabName = pTab->zName;
-            if( NEVER(zTabName==0) || sqlite3StrICmp(zTabName, zTab)!=0 ){
-              continue;
-            }
-            if( zDb!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(db->aDb[iDb].zName, zDb)!=0 ){
-              continue;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        if( 0==(cntTab++) ){
-          pExpr->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
-          pExpr->pTab = pTab;
-          pSchema = pTab->pSchema;
-          pMatch = pItem;
-        }
-        for(j=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pCol++){
-          if( sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ){
-            IdList *pUsing;
-            cnt++;
-            pExpr->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
-            pExpr->pTab = pTab;
-            pMatch = pItem;
-            pSchema = pTab->pSchema;
-            /* Substitute the rowid (column -1) for the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
-            pExpr->iColumn = j==pTab->iPKey ? -1 : (i16)j;
-            if( i<pSrcList->nSrc-1 ){
-              if( pItem[1].jointype & JT_NATURAL ){
-                /* If this match occurred in the left table of a natural join,
-                ** then skip the right table to avoid a duplicate match */
-                pItem++;
-                i++;
-              }else if( (pUsing = pItem[1].pUsing)!=0 ){
-                /* If this match occurs on a column that is in the USING clause
-                ** of a join, skip the search of the right table of the join
-                ** to avoid a duplicate match there. */
-                int k;
-                for(k=0; k<pUsing->nId; k++){
-                  if( sqlite3StrICmp(pUsing->a[k].zName, zCol)==0 ){
-                    pItem++;
-                    i++;
-                    break;
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-    /* If we have not already resolved the name, then maybe 
-    ** it is a new.* or old.* trigger argument reference
-    */
-    if( zDb==0 && zTab!=0 && cnt==0 && pParse->pTriggerTab!=0 ){
-      int op = pParse->eTriggerOp;
-      Table *pTab = 0;
-      assert( op==TK_DELETE || op==TK_UPDATE || op==TK_INSERT );
-      if( op!=TK_DELETE && sqlite3StrICmp("new",zTab) == 0 ){
-        pExpr->iTable = 1;
-        pTab = pParse->pTriggerTab;
-      }else if( op!=TK_INSERT && sqlite3StrICmp("old",zTab)==0 ){
-        pExpr->iTable = 0;
-        pTab = pParse->pTriggerTab;
-      }
-
-      if( pTab ){ 
-        int iCol;
-        pSchema = pTab->pSchema;
-        cntTab++;
-        for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
-          Column *pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
-          if( sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ){
-            if( iCol==pTab->iPKey ){
-              iCol = -1;
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        if( iCol>=pTab->nCol && sqlite3IsRowid(zCol) ){
-          iCol = -1;        /* IMP: R-44911-55124 */
-        }
-        if( iCol<pTab->nCol ){
-          cnt++;
-          if( iCol<0 ){
-            pExpr->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
-          }else if( pExpr->iTable==0 ){
-            testcase( iCol==31 );
-            testcase( iCol==32 );
-            pParse->oldmask |= (iCol>=32 ? 0xffffffff : (((u32)1)<<iCol));
-          }else{
-            testcase( iCol==31 );
-            testcase( iCol==32 );
-            pParse->newmask |= (iCol>=32 ? 0xffffffff : (((u32)1)<<iCol));
-          }
-          pExpr->iColumn = (i16)iCol;
-          pExpr->pTab = pTab;
-          isTrigger = 1;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) */
-
-    /*
-    ** Perhaps the name is a reference to the ROWID
-    */
-    if( cnt==0 && cntTab==1 && sqlite3IsRowid(zCol) ){
-      cnt = 1;
-      pExpr->iColumn = -1;     /* IMP: R-44911-55124 */
-      pExpr->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    ** If the input is of the form Z (not Y.Z or X.Y.Z) then the name Z
-    ** might refer to an result-set alias.  This happens, for example, when
-    ** we are resolving names in the WHERE clause of the following command:
-    **
-    **     SELECT a+b AS x FROM table WHERE x<10;
-    **
-    ** In cases like this, replace pExpr with a copy of the expression that
-    ** forms the result set entry ("a+b" in the example) and return immediately.
-    ** Note that the expression in the result set should have already been
-    ** resolved by the time the WHERE clause is resolved.
-    */
-    if( cnt==0 && (pEList = pNC->pEList)!=0 && zTab==0 ){
-      for(j=0; j<pEList->nExpr; j++){
-        char *zAs = pEList->a[j].zName;
-        if( zAs!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zAs, zCol)==0 ){
-          Expr *pOrig;
-          assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 && pExpr->pRight==0 );
-          assert( pExpr->x.pList==0 );
-          assert( pExpr->x.pSelect==0 );
-          pOrig = pEList->a[j].pExpr;
-          if( !pNC->allowAgg && ExprHasProperty(pOrig, EP_Agg) ){
-            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aliased aggregate %s", zAs);
-            return WRC_Abort;
-          }
-          resolveAlias(pParse, pEList, j, pExpr, "");
-          cnt = 1;
-          pMatch = 0;
-          assert( zTab==0 && zDb==0 );
-          goto lookupname_end;
-        }
-      } 
-    }
-
-    /* Advance to the next name context.  The loop will exit when either
-    ** we have a match (cnt>0) or when we run out of name contexts.
-    */
-    if( cnt==0 ){
-      pNC = pNC->pNext;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /*
-  ** If X and Y are NULL (in other words if only the column name Z is
-  ** supplied) and the value of Z is enclosed in double-quotes, then
-  ** Z is a string literal if it doesn't match any column names.  In that
-  ** case, we need to return right away and not make any changes to
-  ** pExpr.
-  **
-  ** Because no reference was made to outer contexts, the pNC->nRef
-  ** fields are not changed in any context.
-  */
-  if( cnt==0 && zTab==0 && ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_DblQuoted) ){
-    pExpr->op = TK_STRING;
-    pExpr->pTab = 0;
-    return WRC_Prune;
-  }
-
-  /*
-  ** cnt==0 means there was not match.  cnt>1 means there were two or
-  ** more matches.  Either way, we have an error.
-  */
-  if( cnt!=1 ){
-    const char *zErr;
-    zErr = cnt==0 ? "no such column" : "ambiguous column name";
-    if( zDb ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s.%s", zErr, zDb, zTab, zCol);
-    }else if( zTab ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zErr, zTab, zCol);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s", zErr, zCol);
-    }
-    pTopNC->nErr++;
-  }
-
-  /* If a column from a table in pSrcList is referenced, then record
-  ** this fact in the pSrcList.a[].colUsed bitmask.  Column 0 causes
-  ** bit 0 to be set.  Column 1 sets bit 1.  And so forth.  If the
-  ** column number is greater than the number of bits in the bitmask
-  ** then set the high-order bit of the bitmask.
-  */
-  if( pExpr->iColumn>=0 && pMatch!=0 ){
-    int n = pExpr->iColumn;
-    testcase( n==BMS-1 );
-    if( n>=BMS ){
-      n = BMS-1;
-    }
-    assert( pMatch->iCursor==pExpr->iTable );
-    pMatch->colUsed |= ((Bitmask)1)<<n;
-  }
-
-  /* Clean up and return
-  */
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pLeft);
-  pExpr->pLeft = 0;
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pRight);
-  pExpr->pRight = 0;
-  pExpr->op = (isTrigger ? TK_TRIGGER : TK_COLUMN);
-lookupname_end:
-  if( cnt==1 ){
-    assert( pNC!=0 );
-    sqlite3AuthRead(pParse, pExpr, pSchema, pNC->pSrcList);
-    /* Increment the nRef value on all name contexts from TopNC up to
-    ** the point where the name matched. */
-    for(;;){
-      assert( pTopNC!=0 );
-      pTopNC->nRef++;
-      if( pTopNC==pNC ) break;
-      pTopNC = pTopNC->pNext;
-    }
-    return WRC_Prune;
-  } else {
-    return WRC_Abort;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate and return a pointer to an expression to load the column iCol
-** from datasource iSrc datasource in SrcList pSrc.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *db, SrcList *pSrc, int iSrc, int iCol){
-  Expr *p = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0);
-  if( p ){
-    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pSrc->a[iSrc];
-    p->pTab = pItem->pTab;
-    p->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
-    if( p->pTab->iPKey==iCol ){
-      p->iColumn = -1;
-    }else{
-      p->iColumn = (ynVar)iCol;
-      pItem->colUsed |= ((Bitmask)1)<<(iCol>=BMS ? BMS-1 : iCol);
-    }
-    ExprSetProperty(p, EP_Resolved);
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is callback for sqlite3WalkExpr().
-**
-** Resolve symbolic names into TK_COLUMN operators for the current
-** node in the expression tree.  Return 0 to continue the search down
-** the tree or 2 to abort the tree walk.
-**
-** This routine also does error checking and name resolution for
-** function names.  The operator for aggregate functions is changed
-** to TK_AGG_FUNCTION.
-*/
-static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
-  NameContext *pNC;
-  Parse *pParse;
-
-  pNC = pWalker->u.pNC;
-  assert( pNC!=0 );
-  pParse = pNC->pParse;
-  assert( pParse==pWalker->pParse );
-
-  if( ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_Resolved) ) return WRC_Prune;
-  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Resolved);
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  if( pNC->pSrcList && pNC->pSrcList->nAlloc>0 ){
-    SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<pNC->pSrcList->nSrc; i++){
-      assert( pSrcList->a[i].iCursor>=0 && pSrcList->a[i].iCursor<pParse->nTab);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  switch( pExpr->op ){
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
-    /* The special operator TK_ROW means use the rowid for the first
-    ** column in the FROM clause.  This is used by the LIMIT and ORDER BY
-    ** clause processing on UPDATE and DELETE statements.
-    */
-    case TK_ROW: {
-      SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
-      struct SrcList_item *pItem;
-      assert( pSrcList && pSrcList->nSrc==1 );
-      pItem = pSrcList->a; 
-      pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
-      pExpr->pTab = pItem->pTab;
-      pExpr->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
-      pExpr->iColumn = -1;
-      pExpr->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
-      break;
-    }
-#endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) */
-
-    /* A lone identifier is the name of a column.
-    */
-    case TK_ID: {
-      return lookupName(pParse, 0, 0, pExpr->u.zToken, pNC, pExpr);
-    }
-  
-    /* A table name and column name:     ID.ID
-    ** Or a database, table and column:  ID.ID.ID
-    */
-    case TK_DOT: {
-      const char *zColumn;
-      const char *zTable;
-      const char *zDb;
-      Expr *pRight;
-
-      /* if( pSrcList==0 ) break; */
-      pRight = pExpr->pRight;
-      if( pRight->op==TK_ID ){
-        zDb = 0;
-        zTable = pExpr->pLeft->u.zToken;
-        zColumn = pRight->u.zToken;
-      }else{
-        assert( pRight->op==TK_DOT );
-        zDb = pExpr->pLeft->u.zToken;
-        zTable = pRight->pLeft->u.zToken;
-        zColumn = pRight->pRight->u.zToken;
-      }
-      return lookupName(pParse, zDb, zTable, zColumn, pNC, pExpr);
-    }
-
-    /* Resolve function names
-    */
-    case TK_CONST_FUNC:
-    case TK_FUNCTION: {
-      ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;    /* The argument list */
-      int n = pList ? pList->nExpr : 0;    /* Number of arguments */
-      int no_such_func = 0;       /* True if no such function exists */
-      int wrong_num_args = 0;     /* True if wrong number of arguments */
-      int is_agg = 0;             /* True if is an aggregate function */
-      int auth;                   /* Authorization to use the function */
-      int nId;                    /* Number of characters in function name */
-      const char *zId;            /* The function name. */
-      FuncDef *pDef;              /* Information about the function */
-      u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);   /* The database encoding */
-
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_CONST_FUNC );
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-      zId = pExpr->u.zToken;
-      nId = sqlite3Strlen30(zId);
-      pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db, zId, nId, n, enc, 0);
-      if( pDef==0 ){
-        pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db, zId, nId, -1, enc, 0);
-        if( pDef==0 ){
-          no_such_func = 1;
-        }else{
-          wrong_num_args = 1;
-        }
-      }else{
-        is_agg = pDef->xFunc==0;
-      }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-      if( pDef ){
-        auth = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_FUNCTION, 0, pDef->zName, 0);
-        if( auth!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          if( auth==SQLITE_DENY ){
-            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "not authorized to use function: %s",
-                                    pDef->zName);
-            pNC->nErr++;
-          }
-          pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
-          return WRC_Prune;
-        }
-      }
-#endif
-      if( is_agg && !pNC->allowAgg ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aggregate function %.*s()", nId,zId);
-        pNC->nErr++;
-        is_agg = 0;
-      }else if( no_such_func ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such function: %.*s", nId, zId);
-        pNC->nErr++;
-      }else if( wrong_num_args ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"wrong number of arguments to function %.*s()",
-             nId, zId);
-        pNC->nErr++;
-      }
-      if( is_agg ){
-        pExpr->op = TK_AGG_FUNCTION;
-        pNC->hasAgg = 1;
-      }
-      if( is_agg ) pNC->allowAgg = 0;
-      sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pList);
-      if( is_agg ) pNC->allowAgg = 1;
-      /* FIX ME:  Compute pExpr->affinity based on the expected return
-      ** type of the function 
-      */
-      return WRC_Prune;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-    case TK_SELECT:
-    case TK_EXISTS:  testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
-#endif
-    case TK_IN: {
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IN );
-      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-        int nRef = pNC->nRef;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-        if( pNC->isCheck ){
-          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"subqueries prohibited in CHECK constraints");
-        }
-#endif
-        sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect);
-        assert( pNC->nRef>=nRef );
-        if( nRef!=pNC->nRef ){
-          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect);
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-    case TK_VARIABLE: {
-      if( pNC->isCheck ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"parameters prohibited in CHECK constraints");
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  return (pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed) ? WRC_Abort : WRC_Continue;
-}
-
-/*
-** pEList is a list of expressions which are really the result set of the
-** a SELECT statement.  pE is a term in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.
-** This routine checks to see if pE is a simple identifier which corresponds
-** to the AS-name of one of the terms of the expression list.  If it is,
-** this routine return an integer between 1 and N where N is the number of
-** elements in pEList, corresponding to the matching entry.  If there is
-** no match, or if pE is not a simple identifier, then this routine
-** return 0.
-**
-** pEList has been resolved.  pE has not.
-*/
-static int resolveAsName(
-  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context for error messages */
-  ExprList *pEList,  /* List of expressions to scan */
-  Expr *pE           /* Expression we are trying to match */
-){
-  int i;             /* Loop counter */
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pParse);
-
-  if( pE->op==TK_ID ){
-    char *zCol = pE->u.zToken;
-    for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
-      char *zAs = pEList->a[i].zName;
-      if( zAs!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zAs, zCol)==0 ){
-        return i+1;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** pE is a pointer to an expression which is a single term in the
-** ORDER BY of a compound SELECT.  The expression has not been
-** name resolved.
-**
-** At the point this routine is called, we already know that the
-** ORDER BY term is not an integer index into the result set.  That
-** case is handled by the calling routine.
-**
-** Attempt to match pE against result set columns in the left-most
-** SELECT statement.  Return the index i of the matching column,
-** as an indication to the caller that it should sort by the i-th column.
-** The left-most column is 1.  In other words, the value returned is the
-** same integer value that would be used in the SQL statement to indicate
-** the column.
-**
-** If there is no match, return 0.  Return -1 if an error occurs.
-*/
-static int resolveOrderByTermToExprList(
-  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context for error messages */
-  Select *pSelect,   /* The SELECT statement with the ORDER BY clause */
-  Expr *pE           /* The specific ORDER BY term */
-){
-  int i;             /* Loop counter */
-  ExprList *pEList;  /* The columns of the result set */
-  NameContext nc;    /* Name context for resolving pE */
-  sqlite3 *db;       /* Database connection */
-  int rc;            /* Return code from subprocedures */
-  u8 savedSuppErr;   /* Saved value of db->suppressErr */
-
-  assert( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &i)==0 );
-  pEList = pSelect->pEList;
-
-  /* Resolve all names in the ORDER BY term expression
-  */
-  memset(&nc, 0, sizeof(nc));
-  nc.pParse = pParse;
-  nc.pSrcList = pSelect->pSrc;
-  nc.pEList = pEList;
-  nc.allowAgg = 1;
-  nc.nErr = 0;
-  db = pParse->db;
-  savedSuppErr = db->suppressErr;
-  db->suppressErr = 1;
-  rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&nc, pE);
-  db->suppressErr = savedSuppErr;
-  if( rc ) return 0;
-
-  /* Try to match the ORDER BY expression against an expression
-  ** in the result set.  Return an 1-based index of the matching
-  ** result-set entry.
-  */
-  for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pEList->a[i].pExpr, pE)<2 ){
-      return i+1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If no match, return 0. */
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate an ORDER BY or GROUP BY term out-of-range error.
-*/
-static void resolveOutOfRangeError(
-  Parse *pParse,         /* The error context into which to write the error */
-  const char *zType,     /* "ORDER" or "GROUP" */
-  int i,                 /* The index (1-based) of the term out of range */
-  int mx                 /* Largest permissible value of i */
-){
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-    "%r %s BY term out of range - should be "
-    "between 1 and %d", i, zType, mx);
-}
-
-/*
-** Analyze the ORDER BY clause in a compound SELECT statement.   Modify
-** each term of the ORDER BY clause is a constant integer between 1
-** and N where N is the number of columns in the compound SELECT.
-**
-** ORDER BY terms that are already an integer between 1 and N are
-** unmodified.  ORDER BY terms that are integers outside the range of
-** 1 through N generate an error.  ORDER BY terms that are expressions
-** are matched against result set expressions of compound SELECT
-** beginning with the left-most SELECT and working toward the right.
-** At the first match, the ORDER BY expression is transformed into
-** the integer column number.
-**
-** Return the number of errors seen.
-*/
-static int resolveCompoundOrderBy(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context.  Leave error messages here */
-  Select *pSelect       /* The SELECT statement containing the ORDER BY */
-){
-  int i;
-  ExprList *pOrderBy;
-  ExprList *pEList;
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  int moreToDo = 1;
-
-  pOrderBy = pSelect->pOrderBy;
-  if( pOrderBy==0 ) return 0;
-  db = pParse->db;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
-  if( pOrderBy->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in ORDER BY clause");
-    return 1;
-  }
-#endif
-  for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
-    pOrderBy->a[i].done = 0;
-  }
-  pSelect->pNext = 0;
-  while( pSelect->pPrior ){
-    pSelect->pPrior->pNext = pSelect;
-    pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
-  }
-  while( pSelect && moreToDo ){
-    struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-    moreToDo = 0;
-    pEList = pSelect->pEList;
-    assert( pEList!=0 );
-    for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
-      int iCol = -1;
-      Expr *pE, *pDup;
-      if( pItem->done ) continue;
-      pE = pItem->pExpr;
-      if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &iCol) ){
-        if( iCol<=0 || iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
-          resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, "ORDER", i+1, pEList->nExpr);
-          return 1;
-        }
-      }else{
-        iCol = resolveAsName(pParse, pEList, pE);
-        if( iCol==0 ){
-          pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pE, 0);
-          if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-            assert(pDup);
-            iCol = resolveOrderByTermToExprList(pParse, pSelect, pDup);
-          }
-          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDup);
-        }
-      }
-      if( iCol>0 ){
-        CollSeq *pColl = pE->pColl;
-        int flags = pE->flags & EP_ExpCollate;
-        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pE);
-        pItem->pExpr = pE = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, 0);
-        if( pE==0 ) return 1;
-        pE->pColl = pColl;
-        pE->flags |= EP_IntValue | flags;
-        pE->u.iValue = iCol;
-        pItem->iCol = (u16)iCol;
-        pItem->done = 1;
-      }else{
-        moreToDo = 1;
-      }
-    }
-    pSelect = pSelect->pNext;
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
-    if( pOrderBy->a[i].done==0 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%r ORDER BY term does not match any "
-            "column in the result set", i+1);
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Check every term in the ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause pOrderBy of
-** the SELECT statement pSelect.  If any term is reference to a
-** result set expression (as determined by the ExprList.a.iCol field)
-** then convert that term into a copy of the corresponding result set
-** column.
-**
-** If any errors are detected, add an error message to pParse and
-** return non-zero.  Return zero if no errors are seen.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context.  Leave error messages here */
-  Select *pSelect,      /* The SELECT statement containing the clause */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,   /* The ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause to be processed */
-  const char *zType     /* "ORDER" or "GROUP" */
-){
-  int i;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  ExprList *pEList;
-  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-
-  if( pOrderBy==0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return 0;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
-  if( pOrderBy->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in %s BY clause", zType);
-    return 1;
-  }
-#endif
-  pEList = pSelect->pEList;
-  assert( pEList!=0 );  /* sqlite3SelectNew() guarantees this */
-  for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
-    if( pItem->iCol ){
-      if( pItem->iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
-        resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, zType, i+1, pEList->nExpr);
-        return 1;
-      }
-      resolveAlias(pParse, pEList, pItem->iCol-1, pItem->pExpr, zType);
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** pOrderBy is an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause in SELECT statement pSelect.
-** The Name context of the SELECT statement is pNC.  zType is either
-** "ORDER" or "GROUP" depending on which type of clause pOrderBy is.
-**
-** This routine resolves each term of the clause into an expression.
-** If the order-by term is an integer I between 1 and N (where N is the
-** number of columns in the result set of the SELECT) then the expression
-** in the resolution is a copy of the I-th result-set expression.  If
-** the order-by term is an identify that corresponds to the AS-name of
-** a result-set expression, then the term resolves to a copy of the
-** result-set expression.  Otherwise, the expression is resolved in
-** the usual way - using sqlite3ResolveExprNames().
-**
-** This routine returns the number of errors.  If errors occur, then
-** an appropriate error message might be left in pParse.  (OOM errors
-** excepted.)
-*/
-static int resolveOrderGroupBy(
-  NameContext *pNC,     /* The name context of the SELECT statement */
-  Select *pSelect,      /* The SELECT statement holding pOrderBy */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,   /* An ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause to resolve */
-  const char *zType     /* Either "ORDER" or "GROUP", as appropriate */
-){
-  int i;                         /* Loop counter */
-  int iCol;                      /* Column number */
-  struct ExprList_item *pItem;   /* A term of the ORDER BY clause */
-  Parse *pParse;                 /* Parsing context */
-  int nResult;                   /* Number of terms in the result set */
-
-  if( pOrderBy==0 ) return 0;
-  nResult = pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
-  pParse = pNC->pParse;
-  for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
-    Expr *pE = pItem->pExpr;
-    iCol = resolveAsName(pParse, pSelect->pEList, pE);
-    if( iCol>0 ){
-      /* If an AS-name match is found, mark this ORDER BY column as being
-      ** a copy of the iCol-th result-set column.  The subsequent call to
-      ** sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy() will convert the expression to a
-      ** copy of the iCol-th result-set expression. */
-      pItem->iCol = (u16)iCol;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &iCol) ){
-      /* The ORDER BY term is an integer constant.  Again, set the column
-      ** number so that sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy() will convert the
-      ** order-by term to a copy of the result-set expression */
-      if( iCol<1 ){
-        resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, zType, i+1, nResult);
-        return 1;
-      }
-      pItem->iCol = (u16)iCol;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    /* Otherwise, treat the ORDER BY term as an ordinary expression */
-    pItem->iCol = 0;
-    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(pNC, pE) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(pParse, pSelect, pOrderBy, zType);
-}
-
-/*
-** Resolve names in the SELECT statement p and all of its descendents.
-*/
-static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
-  NameContext *pOuterNC;  /* Context that contains this SELECT */
-  NameContext sNC;        /* Name context of this SELECT */
-  int isCompound;         /* True if p is a compound select */
-  int nCompound;          /* Number of compound terms processed so far */
-  Parse *pParse;          /* Parsing context */
-  ExprList *pEList;       /* Result set expression list */
-  int i;                  /* Loop counter */
-  ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The GROUP BY clause */
-  Select *pLeftmost;      /* Left-most of SELECT of a compound */
-  sqlite3 *db;            /* Database connection */
-  
-
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  if( p->selFlags & SF_Resolved ){
-    return WRC_Prune;
-  }
-  pOuterNC = pWalker->u.pNC;
-  pParse = pWalker->pParse;
-  db = pParse->db;
-
-  /* Normally sqlite3SelectExpand() will be called first and will have
-  ** already expanded this SELECT.  However, if this is a subquery within
-  ** an expression, sqlite3ResolveExprNames() will be called without a
-  ** prior call to sqlite3SelectExpand().  When that happens, let
-  ** sqlite3SelectPrep() do all of the processing for this SELECT.
-  ** sqlite3SelectPrep() will invoke both sqlite3SelectExpand() and
-  ** this routine in the correct order.
-  */
-  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Expanded)==0 ){
-    sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, p, pOuterNC);
-    return (pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed) ? WRC_Abort : WRC_Prune;
-  }
-
-  isCompound = p->pPrior!=0;
-  nCompound = 0;
-  pLeftmost = p;
-  while( p ){
-    assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Expanded)!=0 );
-    assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Resolved)==0 );
-    p->selFlags |= SF_Resolved;
-
-    /* Resolve the expressions in the LIMIT and OFFSET clauses. These
-    ** are not allowed to refer to any names, so pass an empty NameContext.
-    */
-    memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
-    sNC.pParse = pParse;
-    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pLimit) ||
-        sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pOffset) ){
-      return WRC_Abort;
-    }
-  
-    /* Set up the local name-context to pass to sqlite3ResolveExprNames() to
-    ** resolve the result-set expression list.
-    */
-    sNC.allowAgg = 1;
-    sNC.pSrcList = p->pSrc;
-    sNC.pNext = pOuterNC;
-  
-    /* Resolve names in the result set. */
-    pEList = p->pEList;
-    assert( pEList!=0 );
-    for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
-      Expr *pX = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
-      if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pX) ){
-        return WRC_Abort;
-      }
-    }
-  
-    /* Recursively resolve names in all subqueries
-    */
-    for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
-      struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
-      if( pItem->pSelect ){
-        const char *zSavedContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
-        if( pItem->zName ) pParse->zAuthContext = pItem->zName;
-        sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(pParse, pItem->pSelect, pOuterNC);
-        pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedContext;
-        if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return WRC_Abort;
-      }
-    }
-  
-    /* If there are no aggregate functions in the result-set, and no GROUP BY 
-    ** expression, do not allow aggregates in any of the other expressions.
-    */
-    assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)==0 );
-    pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
-    if( pGroupBy || sNC.hasAgg ){
-      p->selFlags |= SF_Aggregate;
-    }else{
-      sNC.allowAgg = 0;
-    }
-  
-    /* If a HAVING clause is present, then there must be a GROUP BY clause.
-    */
-    if( p->pHaving && !pGroupBy ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "a GROUP BY clause is required before HAVING");
-      return WRC_Abort;
-    }
-  
-    /* Add the expression list to the name-context before parsing the
-    ** other expressions in the SELECT statement. This is so that
-    ** expressions in the WHERE clause (etc.) can refer to expressions by
-    ** aliases in the result set.
-    **
-    ** Minor point: If this is the case, then the expression will be
-    ** re-evaluated for each reference to it.
-    */
-    sNC.pEList = p->pEList;
-    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pWhere) ||
-       sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pHaving)
-    ){
-      return WRC_Abort;
-    }
-
-    /* The ORDER BY and GROUP BY clauses may not refer to terms in
-    ** outer queries 
-    */
-    sNC.pNext = 0;
-    sNC.allowAgg = 1;
-
-    /* Process the ORDER BY clause for singleton SELECT statements.
-    ** The ORDER BY clause for compounds SELECT statements is handled
-    ** below, after all of the result-sets for all of the elements of
-    ** the compound have been resolved.
-    */
-    if( !isCompound && resolveOrderGroupBy(&sNC, p, p->pOrderBy, "ORDER") ){
-      return WRC_Abort;
-    }
-    if( db->mallocFailed ){
-      return WRC_Abort;
-    }
-  
-    /* Resolve the GROUP BY clause.  At the same time, make sure 
-    ** the GROUP BY clause does not contain aggregate functions.
-    */
-    if( pGroupBy ){
-      struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-    
-      if( resolveOrderGroupBy(&sNC, p, pGroupBy, "GROUP") || db->mallocFailed ){
-        return WRC_Abort;
-      }
-      for(i=0, pItem=pGroupBy->a; i<pGroupBy->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
-        if( ExprHasProperty(pItem->pExpr, EP_Agg) ){
-          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "aggregate functions are not allowed in "
-              "the GROUP BY clause");
-          return WRC_Abort;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Advance to the next term of the compound
-    */
-    p = p->pPrior;
-    nCompound++;
-  }
-
-  /* Resolve the ORDER BY on a compound SELECT after all terms of
-  ** the compound have been resolved.
-  */
-  if( isCompound && resolveCompoundOrderBy(pParse, pLeftmost) ){
-    return WRC_Abort;
-  }
-
-  return WRC_Prune;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine walks an expression tree and resolves references to
-** table columns and result-set columns.  At the same time, do error
-** checking on function usage and set a flag if any aggregate functions
-** are seen.
-**
-** To resolve table columns references we look for nodes (or subtrees) of the 
-** form X.Y.Z or Y.Z or just Z where
-**
-**      X:   The name of a database.  Ex:  "main" or "temp" or
-**           the symbolic name assigned to an ATTACH-ed database.
-**
-**      Y:   The name of a table in a FROM clause.  Or in a trigger
-**           one of the special names "old" or "new".
-**
-**      Z:   The name of a column in table Y.
-**
-** The node at the root of the subtree is modified as follows:
-**
-**    Expr.op        Changed to TK_COLUMN
-**    Expr.pTab      Points to the Table object for X.Y
-**    Expr.iColumn   The column index in X.Y.  -1 for the rowid.
-**    Expr.iTable    The VDBE cursor number for X.Y
-**
-**
-** To resolve result-set references, look for expression nodes of the
-** form Z (with no X and Y prefix) where the Z matches the right-hand
-** size of an AS clause in the result-set of a SELECT.  The Z expression
-** is replaced by a copy of the left-hand side of the result-set expression.
-** Table-name and function resolution occurs on the substituted expression
-** tree.  For example, in:
-**
-**      SELECT a+b AS x, c+d AS y FROM t1 ORDER BY x;
-**
-** The "x" term of the order by is replaced by "a+b" to render:
-**
-**      SELECT a+b AS x, c+d AS y FROM t1 ORDER BY a+b;
-**
-** Function calls are checked to make sure that the function is 
-** defined and that the correct number of arguments are specified.
-** If the function is an aggregate function, then the pNC->hasAgg is
-** set and the opcode is changed from TK_FUNCTION to TK_AGG_FUNCTION.
-** If an expression contains aggregate functions then the EP_Agg
-** property on the expression is set.
-**
-** An error message is left in pParse if anything is amiss.  The number
-** if errors is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveExprNames( 
-  NameContext *pNC,       /* Namespace to resolve expressions in. */
-  Expr *pExpr             /* The expression to be analyzed. */
-){
-  int savedHasAgg;
-  Walker w;
-
-  if( pExpr==0 ) return 0;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-  {
-    Parse *pParse = pNC->pParse;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(pParse, pExpr->nHeight+pNC->pParse->nHeight) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    pParse->nHeight += pExpr->nHeight;
-  }
-#endif
-  savedHasAgg = pNC->hasAgg;
-  pNC->hasAgg = 0;
-  w.xExprCallback = resolveExprStep;
-  w.xSelectCallback = resolveSelectStep;
-  w.pParse = pNC->pParse;
-  w.u.pNC = pNC;
-  sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr);
-#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-  pNC->pParse->nHeight -= pExpr->nHeight;
-#endif
-  if( pNC->nErr>0 || w.pParse->nErr>0 ){
-    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Error);
-  }
-  if( pNC->hasAgg ){
-    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Agg);
-  }else if( savedHasAgg ){
-    pNC->hasAgg = 1;
-  }
-  return ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Error);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Resolve all names in all expressions of a SELECT and in all
-** decendents of the SELECT, including compounds off of p->pPrior,
-** subqueries in expressions, and subqueries used as FROM clause
-** terms.
-**
-** See sqlite3ResolveExprNames() for a description of the kinds of
-** transformations that occur.
-**
-** All SELECT statements should have been expanded using
-** sqlite3SelectExpand() prior to invoking this routine.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(
-  Parse *pParse,         /* The parser context */
-  Select *p,             /* The SELECT statement being coded. */
-  NameContext *pOuterNC  /* Name context for parent SELECT statement */
-){
-  Walker w;
-
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  w.xExprCallback = resolveExprStep;
-  w.xSelectCallback = resolveSelectStep;
-  w.pParse = pParse;
-  w.u.pNC = pOuterNC;
-  sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, p);
-}
-
-/************** End of resolve.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file expr.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains routines used for analyzing expressions and
-** for generating VDBE code that evaluates expressions in SQLite.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Return the 'affinity' of the expression pExpr if any.
-**
-** If pExpr is a column, a reference to a column via an 'AS' alias,
-** or a sub-select with a column as the return value, then the 
-** affinity of that column is returned. Otherwise, 0x00 is returned,
-** indicating no affinity for the expression.
-**
-** i.e. the WHERE clause expresssions in the following statements all
-** have an affinity:
-**
-** CREATE TABLE t1(a);
-** SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a;
-** SELECT a AS b FROM t1 WHERE b;
-** SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (select a from t1);
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
-  int op = pExpr->op;
-  if( op==TK_SELECT ){
-    assert( pExpr->flags&EP_xIsSelect );
-    return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr);
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
-  if( op==TK_CAST ){
-    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-    return sqlite3AffinityType(pExpr->u.zToken);
-  }
-#endif
-  if( (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_REGISTER) 
-   && pExpr->pTab!=0
-  ){
-    /* op==TK_REGISTER && pExpr->pTab!=0 happens when pExpr was originally
-    ** a TK_COLUMN but was previously evaluated and cached in a register */
-    int j = pExpr->iColumn;
-    if( j<0 ) return SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
-    assert( pExpr->pTab && j<pExpr->pTab->nCol );
-    return pExpr->pTab->aCol[j].affinity;
-  }
-  return pExpr->affinity;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the collating sequence for expression pExpr to be the collating
-** sequence named by pToken.   Return a pointer to the revised expression.
-** The collating sequence is marked as "explicit" using the EP_ExpCollate
-** flag.  An explicit collating sequence will override implicit
-** collating sequences.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSetColl(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, Token *pCollName){
-  char *zColl = 0;            /* Dequoted name of collation sequence */
-  CollSeq *pColl;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  zColl = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pCollName);
-  if( pExpr && zColl ){
-    pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zColl);
-    if( pColl ){
-      pExpr->pColl = pColl;
-      pExpr->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zColl);
-  return pExpr;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the default collation sequence for the expression pExpr. If
-** there is no default collation type, return 0.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
-  CollSeq *pColl = 0;
-  Expr *p = pExpr;
-  while( ALWAYS(p) ){
-    int op;
-    pColl = p->pColl;
-    if( pColl ) break;
-    op = p->op;
-    if( p->pTab!=0 && (
-        op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_REGISTER || op==TK_TRIGGER
-    )){
-      /* op==TK_REGISTER && p->pTab!=0 happens when pExpr was originally
-      ** a TK_COLUMN but was previously evaluated and cached in a register */
-      const char *zColl;
-      int j = p->iColumn;
-      if( j>=0 ){
-        sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-        zColl = p->pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
-        pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
-        pExpr->pColl = pColl;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    if( op!=TK_CAST && op!=TK_UPLUS ){
-      break;
-    }
-    p = p->pLeft;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3CheckCollSeq(pParse, pColl) ){ 
-    pColl = 0;
-  }
-  return pColl;
-}
-
-/*
-** pExpr is an operand of a comparison operator.  aff2 is the
-** type affinity of the other operand.  This routine returns the
-** type affinity that should be used for the comparison operator.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2){
-  char aff1 = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr);
-  if( aff1 && aff2 ){
-    /* Both sides of the comparison are columns. If one has numeric
-    ** affinity, use that. Otherwise use no affinity.
-    */
-    if( sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff1) || sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff2) ){
-      return SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
-    }else{
-      return SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-    }
-  }else if( !aff1 && !aff2 ){
-    /* Neither side of the comparison is a column.  Compare the
-    ** results directly.
-    */
-    return SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-  }else{
-    /* One side is a column, the other is not. Use the columns affinity. */
-    assert( aff1==0 || aff2==0 );
-    return (aff1 + aff2);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** pExpr is a comparison operator.  Return the type affinity that should
-** be applied to both operands prior to doing the comparison.
-*/
-static char comparisonAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
-  char aff;
-  assert( pExpr->op==TK_EQ || pExpr->op==TK_IN || pExpr->op==TK_LT ||
-          pExpr->op==TK_GT || pExpr->op==TK_GE || pExpr->op==TK_LE ||
-          pExpr->op==TK_NE || pExpr->op==TK_IS || pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT );
-  assert( pExpr->pLeft );
-  aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pLeft);
-  if( pExpr->pRight ){
-    aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr->pRight, aff);
-  }else if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-    aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr, aff);
-  }else if( !aff ){
-    aff = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-  }
-  return aff;
-}
-
-/*
-** pExpr is a comparison expression, eg. '=', '<', IN(...) etc.
-** idx_affinity is the affinity of an indexed column. Return true
-** if the index with affinity idx_affinity may be used to implement
-** the comparison in pExpr.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity){
-  char aff = comparisonAffinity(pExpr);
-  switch( aff ){
-    case SQLITE_AFF_NONE:
-      return 1;
-    case SQLITE_AFF_TEXT:
-      return idx_affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
-    default:
-      return sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(idx_affinity);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the P5 value that should be used for a binary comparison
-** opcode (OP_Eq, OP_Ge etc.) used to compare pExpr1 and pExpr2.
-*/
-static u8 binaryCompareP5(Expr *pExpr1, Expr *pExpr2, int jumpIfNull){
-  u8 aff = (char)sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr2);
-  aff = (u8)sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr1, aff) | (u8)jumpIfNull;
-  return aff;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the collation sequence that should be used by
-** a binary comparison operator comparing pLeft and pRight.
-**
-** If the left hand expression has a collating sequence type, then it is
-** used. Otherwise the collation sequence for the right hand expression
-** is used, or the default (BINARY) if neither expression has a collating
-** type.
-**
-** Argument pRight (but not pLeft) may be a null pointer. In this case,
-** it is not considered.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(
-  Parse *pParse, 
-  Expr *pLeft, 
-  Expr *pRight
-){
-  CollSeq *pColl;
-  assert( pLeft );
-  if( pLeft->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-    assert( pLeft->pColl );
-    pColl = pLeft->pColl;
-  }else if( pRight && pRight->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-    assert( pRight->pColl );
-    pColl = pRight->pColl;
-  }else{
-    pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pLeft);
-    if( !pColl ){
-      pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pRight);
-    }
-  }
-  return pColl;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code for a comparison operator.
-*/
-static int codeCompare(
-  Parse *pParse,    /* The parsing (and code generating) context */
-  Expr *pLeft,      /* The left operand */
-  Expr *pRight,     /* The right operand */
-  int opcode,       /* The comparison opcode */
-  int in1, int in2, /* Register holding operands */
-  int dest,         /* Jump here if true.  */
-  int jumpIfNull    /* If true, jump if either operand is NULL */
-){
-  int p5;
-  int addr;
-  CollSeq *p4;
-
-  p4 = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pLeft, pRight);
-  p5 = binaryCompareP5(pLeft, pRight, jumpIfNull);
-  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pParse->pVdbe, opcode, in2, dest, in1,
-                           (void*)p4, P4_COLLSEQ);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(pParse->pVdbe, (u8)p5);
-  return addr;
-}
-
-#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-/*
-** Check that argument nHeight is less than or equal to the maximum
-** expression depth allowed. If it is not, leave an error message in
-** pParse.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse *pParse, int nHeight){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int mxHeight = pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH];
-  if( nHeight>mxHeight ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-       "Expression tree is too large (maximum depth %d)", mxHeight
-    );
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* The following three functions, heightOfExpr(), heightOfExprList()
-** and heightOfSelect(), are used to determine the maximum height
-** of any expression tree referenced by the structure passed as the
-** first argument.
-**
-** If this maximum height is greater than the current value pointed
-** to by pnHeight, the second parameter, then set *pnHeight to that
-** value.
-*/
-static void heightOfExpr(Expr *p, int *pnHeight){
-  if( p ){
-    if( p->nHeight>*pnHeight ){
-      *pnHeight = p->nHeight;
-    }
-  }
-}
-static void heightOfExprList(ExprList *p, int *pnHeight){
-  if( p ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<p->nExpr; i++){
-      heightOfExpr(p->a[i].pExpr, pnHeight);
-    }
-  }
-}
-static void heightOfSelect(Select *p, int *pnHeight){
-  if( p ){
-    heightOfExpr(p->pWhere, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExpr(p->pHaving, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExpr(p->pLimit, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExpr(p->pOffset, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExprList(p->pEList, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExprList(p->pGroupBy, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExprList(p->pOrderBy, pnHeight);
-    heightOfSelect(p->pPrior, pnHeight);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the Expr.nHeight variable in the structure passed as an 
-** argument. An expression with no children, Expr.pList or 
-** Expr.pSelect member has a height of 1. Any other expression
-** has a height equal to the maximum height of any other 
-** referenced Expr plus one.
-*/
-static void exprSetHeight(Expr *p){
-  int nHeight = 0;
-  heightOfExpr(p->pLeft, &nHeight);
-  heightOfExpr(p->pRight, &nHeight);
-  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-    heightOfSelect(p->x.pSelect, &nHeight);
-  }else{
-    heightOfExprList(p->x.pList, &nHeight);
-  }
-  p->nHeight = nHeight + 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the Expr.nHeight variable using the exprSetHeight() function. If
-** the height is greater than the maximum allowed expression depth,
-** leave an error in pParse.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprSetHeight(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
-  exprSetHeight(p);
-  sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(pParse, p->nHeight);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the maximum height of any expression tree referenced
-** by the select statement passed as an argument.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *p){
-  int nHeight = 0;
-  heightOfSelect(p, &nHeight);
-  return nHeight;
-}
-#else
-  #define exprSetHeight(y)
-#endif /* SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0 */
-
-/*
-** This routine is the core allocator for Expr nodes.
-**
-** Construct a new expression node and return a pointer to it.  Memory
-** for this node and for the pToken argument is a single allocation
-** obtained from sqlite3DbMalloc().  The calling function
-** is responsible for making sure the node eventually gets freed.
-**
-** If dequote is true, then the token (if it exists) is dequoted.
-** If dequote is false, no dequoting is performance.  The deQuote
-** parameter is ignored if pToken is NULL or if the token does not
-** appear to be quoted.  If the quotes were of the form "..." (double-quotes)
-** then the EP_DblQuoted flag is set on the expression node.
-**
-** Special case:  If op==TK_INTEGER and pToken points to a string that
-** can be translated into a 32-bit integer, then the token is not
-** stored in u.zToken.  Instead, the integer values is written
-** into u.iValue and the EP_IntValue flag is set.  No extra storage
-** is allocated to hold the integer text and the dequote flag is ignored.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Handle for sqlite3DbMallocZero() (may be null) */
-  int op,                 /* Expression opcode */
-  const Token *pToken,    /* Token argument.  Might be NULL */
-  int dequote             /* True to dequote */
-){
-  Expr *pNew;
-  int nExtra = 0;
-  int iValue = 0;
-
-  if( pToken ){
-    if( op!=TK_INTEGER || pToken->z==0
-          || sqlite3GetInt32(pToken->z, &iValue)==0 ){
-      nExtra = pToken->n+1;
-    }
-  }
-  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Expr)+nExtra);
-  if( pNew ){
-    pNew->op = (u8)op;
-    pNew->iAgg = -1;
-    if( pToken ){
-      if( nExtra==0 ){
-        pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue;
-        pNew->u.iValue = iValue;
-      }else{
-        int c;
-        pNew->u.zToken = (char*)&pNew[1];
-        memcpy(pNew->u.zToken, pToken->z, pToken->n);
-        pNew->u.zToken[pToken->n] = 0;
-        if( dequote && nExtra>=3 
-             && ((c = pToken->z[0])=='\'' || c=='"' || c=='[' || c=='`') ){
-          sqlite3Dequote(pNew->u.zToken);
-          if( c=='"' ) pNew->flags |= EP_DblQuoted;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-    pNew->nHeight = 1;
-#endif  
-  }
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate a new expression node from a zero-terminated token that has
-** already been dequoted.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3Expr(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Handle for sqlite3DbMallocZero() (may be null) */
-  int op,                 /* Expression opcode */
-  const char *zToken      /* Token argument.  Might be NULL */
-){
-  Token x;
-  x.z = zToken;
-  x.n = zToken ? sqlite3Strlen30(zToken) : 0;
-  return sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, op, &x, 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Attach subtrees pLeft and pRight to the Expr node pRoot.
-**
-** If pRoot==NULL that means that a memory allocation error has occurred.
-** In that case, delete the subtrees pLeft and pRight.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  Expr *pRoot,
-  Expr *pLeft,
-  Expr *pRight
-){
-  if( pRoot==0 ){
-    assert( db->mallocFailed );
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pLeft);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pRight);
-  }else{
-    if( pRight ){
-      pRoot->pRight = pRight;
-      if( pRight->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-        pRoot->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
-        pRoot->pColl = pRight->pColl;
-      }
-    }
-    if( pLeft ){
-      pRoot->pLeft = pLeft;
-      if( pLeft->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-        pRoot->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
-        pRoot->pColl = pLeft->pColl;
-      }
-    }
-    exprSetHeight(pRoot);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate a Expr node which joins as many as two subtrees.
-**
-** One or both of the subtrees can be NULL.  Return a pointer to the new
-** Expr node.  Or, if an OOM error occurs, set pParse->db->mallocFailed,
-** free the subtrees and return NULL.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3PExpr(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
-  int op,                 /* Expression opcode */
-  Expr *pLeft,            /* Left operand */
-  Expr *pRight,           /* Right operand */
-  const Token *pToken     /* Argument token */
-){
-  Expr *p = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, op, pToken, 1);
-  sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(pParse->db, p, pLeft, pRight);
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Join two expressions using an AND operator.  If either expression is
-** NULL, then just return the other expression.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pLeft, Expr *pRight){
-  if( pLeft==0 ){
-    return pRight;
-  }else if( pRight==0 ){
-    return pLeft;
-  }else{
-    Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_AND, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(db, pNew, pLeft, pRight);
-    return pNew;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Construct a new expression node for a function with multiple
-** arguments.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pList, Token *pToken){
-  Expr *pNew;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  assert( pToken );
-  pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_FUNCTION, pToken, 1);
-  if( pNew==0 ){
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList); /* Avoid memory leak when malloc fails */
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pNew->x.pList = pList;
-  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) );
-  sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, pNew);
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** Assign a variable number to an expression that encodes a wildcard
-** in the original SQL statement.  
-**
-** Wildcards consisting of a single "?" are assigned the next sequential
-** variable number.
-**
-** Wildcards of the form "?nnn" are assigned the number "nnn".  We make
-** sure "nnn" is not too be to avoid a denial of service attack when
-** the SQL statement comes from an external source.
-**
-** Wildcards of the form ":aaa", "@aaa", or "$aaa" are assigned the same number
-** as the previous instance of the same wildcard.  Or if this is the first
-** instance of the wildcard, the next sequenial variable number is
-** assigned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  const char *z;
-
-  if( pExpr==0 ) return;
-  assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue|EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly) );
-  z = pExpr->u.zToken;
-  assert( z!=0 );
-  assert( z[0]!=0 );
-  if( z[1]==0 ){
-    /* Wildcard of the form "?".  Assign the next variable number */
-    assert( z[0]=='?' );
-    pExpr->iColumn = (ynVar)(++pParse->nVar);
-  }else if( z[0]=='?' ){
-    /* Wildcard of the form "?nnn".  Convert "nnn" to an integer and
-    ** use it as the variable number */
-    int i = atoi((char*)&z[1]);
-    pExpr->iColumn = (ynVar)i;
-    testcase( i==0 );
-    testcase( i==1 );
-    testcase( i==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]-1 );
-    testcase( i==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] );
-    if( i<1 || i>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "variable number must be between ?1 and ?%d",
-          db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]);
-    }
-    if( i>pParse->nVar ){
-      pParse->nVar = i;
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* Wildcards like ":aaa", "$aaa" or "@aaa".  Reuse the same variable
-    ** number as the prior appearance of the same name, or if the name
-    ** has never appeared before, reuse the same variable number
-    */
-    int i;
-    u32 n;
-    n = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
-    for(i=0; i<pParse->nVarExpr; i++){
-      Expr *pE = pParse->apVarExpr[i];
-      assert( pE!=0 );
-      if( memcmp(pE->u.zToken, z, n)==0 && pE->u.zToken[n]==0 ){
-        pExpr->iColumn = pE->iColumn;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if( i>=pParse->nVarExpr ){
-      pExpr->iColumn = (ynVar)(++pParse->nVar);
-      if( pParse->nVarExpr>=pParse->nVarExprAlloc-1 ){
-        pParse->nVarExprAlloc += pParse->nVarExprAlloc + 10;
-        pParse->apVarExpr =
-            sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(
-              db,
-              pParse->apVarExpr,
-              pParse->nVarExprAlloc*sizeof(pParse->apVarExpr[0])
-            );
-      }
-      if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-        assert( pParse->apVarExpr!=0 );
-        pParse->apVarExpr[pParse->nVarExpr++] = pExpr;
-      }
-    }
-  } 
-  if( !pParse->nErr && pParse->nVar>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many SQL variables");
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Recursively delete an expression tree.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
-  if( p==0 ) return;
-  if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) ){
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLeft);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pRight);
-    if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Reduced) && (p->flags2 & EP2_MallocedToken)!=0 ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.zToken);
-    }
-    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-      sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->x.pSelect);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->x.pList);
-    }
-  }
-  if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Static) ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of bytes allocated for the expression structure 
-** passed as the first argument. This is always one of EXPR_FULLSIZE,
-** EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE or EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE.
-*/
-static int exprStructSize(Expr *p){
-  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) ) return EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE;
-  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Reduced) ) return EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE;
-  return EXPR_FULLSIZE;
-}
-
-/*
-** The dupedExpr*Size() routines each return the number of bytes required
-** to store a copy of an expression or expression tree.  They differ in
-** how much of the tree is measured.
-**
-**     dupedExprStructSize()     Size of only the Expr structure 
-**     dupedExprNodeSize()       Size of Expr + space for token
-**     dupedExprSize()           Expr + token + subtree components
-**
-***************************************************************************
-**
-** The dupedExprStructSize() function returns two values OR-ed together:  
-** (1) the space required for a copy of the Expr structure only and 
-** (2) the EP_xxx flags that indicate what the structure size should be.
-** The return values is always one of:
-**
-**      EXPR_FULLSIZE
-**      EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE   | EP_Reduced
-**      EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE | EP_TokenOnly
-**
-** The size of the structure can be found by masking the return value
-** of this routine with 0xfff.  The flags can be found by masking the
-** return value with EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly.
-**
-** Note that with flags==EXPRDUP_REDUCE, this routines works on full-size
-** (unreduced) Expr objects as they or originally constructed by the parser.
-** During expression analysis, extra information is computed and moved into
-** later parts of teh Expr object and that extra information might get chopped
-** off if the expression is reduced.  Note also that it does not work to
-** make a EXPRDUP_REDUCE copy of a reduced expression.  It is only legal
-** to reduce a pristine expression tree from the parser.  The implementation
-** of dupedExprStructSize() contain multiple assert() statements that attempt
-** to enforce this constraint.
-*/
-static int dupedExprStructSize(Expr *p, int flags){
-  int nSize;
-  assert( flags==EXPRDUP_REDUCE || flags==0 ); /* Only one flag value allowed */
-  if( 0==(flags&EXPRDUP_REDUCE) ){
-    nSize = EXPR_FULLSIZE;
-  }else{
-    assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
-    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_FromJoin) ); 
-    assert( (p->flags2 & EP2_MallocedToken)==0 );
-    assert( (p->flags2 & EP2_Irreducible)==0 );
-    if( p->pLeft || p->pRight || p->pColl || p->x.pList ){
-      nSize = EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE | EP_Reduced;
-    }else{
-      nSize = EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE | EP_TokenOnly;
-    }
-  }
-  return nSize;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function returns the space in bytes required to store the copy 
-** of the Expr structure and a copy of the Expr.u.zToken string (if that
-** string is defined.)
-*/
-static int dupedExprNodeSize(Expr *p, int flags){
-  int nByte = dupedExprStructSize(p, flags) & 0xfff;
-  if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) && p->u.zToken ){
-    nByte += sqlite3Strlen30(p->u.zToken)+1;
-  }
-  return ROUND8(nByte);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of bytes required to create a duplicate of the 
-** expression passed as the first argument. The second argument is a
-** mask containing EXPRDUP_XXX flags.
-**
-** The value returned includes space to create a copy of the Expr struct
-** itself and the buffer referred to by Expr.u.zToken, if any.
-**
-** If the EXPRDUP_REDUCE flag is set, then the return value includes 
-** space to duplicate all Expr nodes in the tree formed by Expr.pLeft 
-** and Expr.pRight variables (but not for any structures pointed to or 
-** descended from the Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect variables).
-*/
-static int dupedExprSize(Expr *p, int flags){
-  int nByte = 0;
-  if( p ){
-    nByte = dupedExprNodeSize(p, flags);
-    if( flags&EXPRDUP_REDUCE ){
-      nByte += dupedExprSize(p->pLeft, flags) + dupedExprSize(p->pRight, flags);
-    }
-  }
-  return nByte;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is similar to sqlite3ExprDup(), except that if pzBuffer 
-** is not NULL then *pzBuffer is assumed to point to a buffer large enough 
-** to store the copy of expression p, the copies of p->u.zToken
-** (if applicable), and the copies of the p->pLeft and p->pRight expressions,
-** if any. Before returning, *pzBuffer is set to the first byte passed the
-** portion of the buffer copied into by this function.
-*/
-static Expr *exprDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p, int flags, u8 **pzBuffer){
-  Expr *pNew = 0;                      /* Value to return */
-  if( p ){
-    const int isReduced = (flags&EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-    u8 *zAlloc;
-    u32 staticFlag = 0;
-
-    assert( pzBuffer==0 || isReduced );
-
-    /* Figure out where to write the new Expr structure. */
-    if( pzBuffer ){
-      zAlloc = *pzBuffer;
-      staticFlag = EP_Static;
-    }else{
-      zAlloc = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, dupedExprSize(p, flags));
-    }
-    pNew = (Expr *)zAlloc;
-
-    if( pNew ){
-      /* Set nNewSize to the size allocated for the structure pointed to
-      ** by pNew. This is either EXPR_FULLSIZE, EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE or
-      ** EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE. nToken is set to the number of bytes consumed
-      ** by the copy of the p->u.zToken string (if any).
-      */
-      const unsigned nStructSize = dupedExprStructSize(p, flags);
-      const int nNewSize = nStructSize & 0xfff;
-      int nToken;
-      if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) && p->u.zToken ){
-        nToken = sqlite3Strlen30(p->u.zToken) + 1;
-      }else{
-        nToken = 0;
-      }
-      if( isReduced ){
-        assert( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Reduced)==0 );
-        memcpy(zAlloc, p, nNewSize);
-      }else{
-        int nSize = exprStructSize(p);
-        memcpy(zAlloc, p, nSize);
-        memset(&zAlloc[nSize], 0, EXPR_FULLSIZE-nSize);
-      }
-
-      /* Set the EP_Reduced, EP_TokenOnly, and EP_Static flags appropriately. */
-      pNew->flags &= ~(EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly|EP_Static);
-      pNew->flags |= nStructSize & (EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly);
-      pNew->flags |= staticFlag;
-
-      /* Copy the p->u.zToken string, if any. */
-      if( nToken ){
-        char *zToken = pNew->u.zToken = (char*)&zAlloc[nNewSize];
-        memcpy(zToken, p->u.zToken, nToken);
-      }
-
-      if( 0==((p->flags|pNew->flags) & EP_TokenOnly) ){
-        /* Fill in the pNew->x.pSelect or pNew->x.pList member. */
-        if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-          pNew->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p->x.pSelect, isReduced);
-        }else{
-          pNew->x.pList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->x.pList, isReduced);
-        }
-      }
-
-      /* Fill in pNew->pLeft and pNew->pRight. */
-      if( ExprHasAnyProperty(pNew, EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly) ){
-        zAlloc += dupedExprNodeSize(p, flags);
-        if( ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_Reduced) ){
-          pNew->pLeft = exprDup(db, p->pLeft, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &zAlloc);
-          pNew->pRight = exprDup(db, p->pRight, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &zAlloc);
-        }
-        if( pzBuffer ){
-          *pzBuffer = zAlloc;
-        }
-      }else{
-        pNew->flags2 = 0;
-        if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) ){
-          pNew->pLeft = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pLeft, 0);
-          pNew->pRight = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pRight, 0);
-        }
-      }
-
-    }
-  }
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** The following group of routines make deep copies of expressions,
-** expression lists, ID lists, and select statements.  The copies can
-** be deleted (by being passed to their respective ...Delete() routines)
-** without effecting the originals.
-**
-** The expression list, ID, and source lists return by sqlite3ExprListDup(),
-** sqlite3IdListDup(), and sqlite3SrcListDup() can not be further expanded 
-** by subsequent calls to sqlite*ListAppend() routines.
-**
-** Any tables that the SrcList might point to are not duplicated.
-**
-** The flags parameter contains a combination of the EXPRDUP_XXX flags.
-** If the EXPRDUP_REDUCE flag is set, then the structure returned is a
-** truncated version of the usual Expr structure that will be stored as
-** part of the in-memory representation of the database schema.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p, int flags){
-  return exprDup(db, p, flags, 0);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3 *db, ExprList *p, int flags){
-  ExprList *pNew;
-  struct ExprList_item *pItem, *pOldItem;
-  int i;
-  if( p==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*pNew) );
-  if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew->iECursor = 0;
-  pNew->nExpr = pNew->nAlloc = p->nExpr;
-  pNew->a = pItem = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db,  p->nExpr*sizeof(p->a[0]) );
-  if( pItem==0 ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pNew);
-    return 0;
-  } 
-  pOldItem = p->a;
-  for(i=0; i<p->nExpr; i++, pItem++, pOldItem++){
-    Expr *pOldExpr = pOldItem->pExpr;
-    pItem->pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOldExpr, flags);
-    pItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zName);
-    pItem->zSpan = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zSpan);
-    pItem->sortOrder = pOldItem->sortOrder;
-    pItem->done = 0;
-    pItem->iCol = pOldItem->iCol;
-    pItem->iAlias = pOldItem->iAlias;
-  }
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** If cursors, triggers, views and subqueries are all omitted from
-** the build, then none of the following routines, except for 
-** sqlite3SelectDup(), can be called. sqlite3SelectDup() is sometimes
-** called with a NULL argument.
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) \
- || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3 *db, SrcList *p, int flags){
-  SrcList *pNew;
-  int i;
-  int nByte;
-  if( p==0 ) return 0;
-  nByte = sizeof(*p) + (p->nSrc>0 ? sizeof(p->a[0]) * (p->nSrc-1) : 0);
-  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, nByte );
-  if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew->nSrc = pNew->nAlloc = p->nSrc;
-  for(i=0; i<p->nSrc; i++){
-    struct SrcList_item *pNewItem = &pNew->a[i];
-    struct SrcList_item *pOldItem = &p->a[i];
-    Table *pTab;
-    pNewItem->zDatabase = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zDatabase);
-    pNewItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zName);
-    pNewItem->zAlias = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zAlias);
-    pNewItem->jointype = pOldItem->jointype;
-    pNewItem->iCursor = pOldItem->iCursor;
-    pNewItem->isPopulated = pOldItem->isPopulated;
-    pNewItem->zIndex = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zIndex);
-    pNewItem->notIndexed = pOldItem->notIndexed;
-    pNewItem->pIndex = pOldItem->pIndex;
-    pTab = pNewItem->pTab = pOldItem->pTab;
-    if( pTab ){
-      pTab->nRef++;
-    }
-    pNewItem->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pOldItem->pSelect, flags);
-    pNewItem->pOn = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOldItem->pOn, flags);
-    pNewItem->pUsing = sqlite3IdListDup(db, pOldItem->pUsing);
-    pNewItem->colUsed = pOldItem->colUsed;
-  }
-  return pNew;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3 *db, IdList *p){
-  IdList *pNew;
-  int i;
-  if( p==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*pNew) );
-  if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew->nId = pNew->nAlloc = p->nId;
-  pNew->a = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, p->nId*sizeof(p->a[0]) );
-  if( pNew->a==0 ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pNew);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<p->nId; i++){
-    struct IdList_item *pNewItem = &pNew->a[i];
-    struct IdList_item *pOldItem = &p->a[i];
-    pNewItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zName);
-    pNewItem->idx = pOldItem->idx;
-  }
-  return pNew;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3 *db, Select *p, int flags){
-  Select *pNew;
-  if( p==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*p) );
-  if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew->pEList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pEList, flags);
-  pNew->pSrc = sqlite3SrcListDup(db, p->pSrc, flags);
-  pNew->pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pWhere, flags);
-  pNew->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pGroupBy, flags);
-  pNew->pHaving = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pHaving, flags);
-  pNew->pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pOrderBy, flags);
-  pNew->op = p->op;
-  pNew->pPrior = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p->pPrior, flags);
-  pNew->pLimit = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pLimit, flags);
-  pNew->pOffset = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pOffset, flags);
-  pNew->iLimit = 0;
-  pNew->iOffset = 0;
-  pNew->selFlags = p->selFlags & ~SF_UsesEphemeral;
-  pNew->pRightmost = 0;
-  pNew->addrOpenEphm[0] = -1;
-  pNew->addrOpenEphm[1] = -1;
-  pNew->addrOpenEphm[2] = -1;
-  return pNew;
-}
-#else
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3 *db, Select *p, int flags){
-  assert( p==0 );
-  return 0;
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Add a new element to the end of an expression list.  If pList is
-** initially NULL, then create a new expression list.
-**
-** If a memory allocation error occurs, the entire list is freed and
-** NULL is returned.  If non-NULL is returned, then it is guaranteed
-** that the new entry was successfully appended.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
-  ExprList *pList,        /* List to which to append. Might be NULL */
-  Expr *pExpr             /* Expression to be appended. Might be NULL */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  if( pList==0 ){
-    pList = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(ExprList) );
-    if( pList==0 ){
-      goto no_mem;
-    }
-    assert( pList->nAlloc==0 );
-  }
-  if( pList->nAlloc<=pList->nExpr ){
-    struct ExprList_item *a;
-    int n = pList->nAlloc*2 + 4;
-    a = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pList->a, n*sizeof(pList->a[0]));
-    if( a==0 ){
-      goto no_mem;
-    }
-    pList->a = a;
-    pList->nAlloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, a)/sizeof(a[0]);
-  }
-  assert( pList->a!=0 );
-  if( 1 ){
-    struct ExprList_item *pItem = &pList->a[pList->nExpr++];
-    memset(pItem, 0, sizeof(*pItem));
-    pItem->pExpr = pExpr;
-  }
-  return pList;
-
-no_mem:     
-  /* Avoid leaking memory if malloc has failed. */
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the ExprList.a[].zName element of the most recently added item
-** on the expression list.
-**
-** pList might be NULL following an OOM error.  But pName should never be
-** NULL.  If a memory allocation fails, the pParse->db->mallocFailed flag
-** is set.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetName(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
-  ExprList *pList,        /* List to which to add the span. */
-  Token *pName,           /* Name to be added */
-  int dequote             /* True to cause the name to be dequoted */
-){
-  assert( pList!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed!=0 );
-  if( pList ){
-    struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-    assert( pList->nExpr>0 );
-    pItem = &pList->a[pList->nExpr-1];
-    assert( pItem->zName==0 );
-    pItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, pName->z, pName->n);
-    if( dequote && pItem->zName ) sqlite3Dequote(pItem->zName);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the ExprList.a[].zSpan element of the most recently added item
-** on the expression list.
-**
-** pList might be NULL following an OOM error.  But pSpan should never be
-** NULL.  If a memory allocation fails, the pParse->db->mallocFailed flag
-** is set.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
-  ExprList *pList,        /* List to which to add the span. */
-  ExprSpan *pSpan         /* The span to be added */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  assert( pList!=0 || db->mallocFailed!=0 );
-  if( pList ){
-    struct ExprList_item *pItem = &pList->a[pList->nExpr-1];
-    assert( pList->nExpr>0 );
-    assert( db->mallocFailed || pItem->pExpr==pSpan->pExpr );
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zSpan);
-    pItem->zSpan = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pSpan->zStart,
-                                    (int)(pSpan->zEnd - pSpan->zStart));
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** If the expression list pEList contains more than iLimit elements,
-** leave an error message in pParse.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(
-  Parse *pParse,
-  ExprList *pEList,
-  const char *zObject
-){
-  int mx = pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN];
-  testcase( pEList && pEList->nExpr==mx );
-  testcase( pEList && pEList->nExpr==mx+1 );
-  if( pEList && pEList->nExpr>mx ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns in %s", zObject);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete an entire expression list.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3 *db, ExprList *pList){
-  int i;
-  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-  if( pList==0 ) return;
-  assert( pList->a!=0 || (pList->nExpr==0 && pList->nAlloc==0) );
-  assert( pList->nExpr<=pList->nAlloc );
-  for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pExpr);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zSpan);
-  }
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList->a);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
-}
-
-/*
-** These routines are Walker callbacks.  Walker.u.pi is a pointer
-** to an integer.  These routines are checking an expression to see
-** if it is a constant.  Set *Walker.u.pi to 0 if the expression is
-** not constant.
-**
-** These callback routines are used to implement the following:
-**
-**     sqlite3ExprIsConstant()
-**     sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin()
-**     sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction()
-**
-*/
-static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
-
-  /* If pWalker->u.i is 3 then any term of the expression that comes from
-  ** the ON or USING clauses of a join disqualifies the expression
-  ** from being considered constant. */
-  if( pWalker->u.i==3 && ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
-    pWalker->u.i = 0;
-    return WRC_Abort;
-  }
-
-  switch( pExpr->op ){
-    /* Consider functions to be constant if all their arguments are constant
-    ** and pWalker->u.i==2 */
-    case TK_FUNCTION:
-      if( pWalker->u.i==2 ) return 0;
-      /* Fall through */
-    case TK_ID:
-    case TK_COLUMN:
-    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
-    case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_ID );
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN );
-      pWalker->u.i = 0;
-      return WRC_Abort;
-    default:
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ); /* selectNodeIsConstant will disallow */
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS ); /* selectNodeIsConstant will disallow */
-      return WRC_Continue;
-  }
-}
-static int selectNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Select *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  pWalker->u.i = 0;
-  return WRC_Abort;
-}
-static int exprIsConst(Expr *p, int initFlag){
-  Walker w;
-  w.u.i = initFlag;
-  w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsConstant;
-  w.xSelectCallback = selectNodeIsConstant;
-  sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
-  return w.u.i;
-}
-
-/*
-** Walk an expression tree.  Return 1 if the expression is constant
-** and 0 if it involves variables or function calls.
-**
-** For the purposes of this function, a double-quoted string (ex: "abc")
-** is considered a variable but a single-quoted string (ex: 'abc') is
-** a constant.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr *p){
-  return exprIsConst(p, 1);
-}
-
-/*
-** Walk an expression tree.  Return 1 if the expression is constant
-** that does no originate from the ON or USING clauses of a join.
-** Return 0 if it involves variables or function calls or terms from
-** an ON or USING clause.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr *p){
-  return exprIsConst(p, 3);
-}
-
-/*
-** Walk an expression tree.  Return 1 if the expression is constant
-** or a function call with constant arguments.  Return and 0 if there
-** are any variables.
-**
-** For the purposes of this function, a double-quoted string (ex: "abc")
-** is considered a variable but a single-quoted string (ex: 'abc') is
-** a constant.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr *p){
-  return exprIsConst(p, 2);
-}
-
-/*
-** If the expression p codes a constant integer that is small enough
-** to fit in a 32-bit integer, return 1 and put the value of the integer
-** in *pValue.  If the expression is not an integer or if it is too big
-** to fit in a signed 32-bit integer, return 0 and leave *pValue unchanged.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr *p, int *pValue){
-  int rc = 0;
-  if( p->flags & EP_IntValue ){
-    *pValue = p->u.iValue;
-    return 1;
-  }
-  switch( p->op ){
-    case TK_INTEGER: {
-      rc = sqlite3GetInt32(p->u.zToken, pValue);
-      assert( rc==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_UPLUS: {
-      rc = sqlite3ExprIsInteger(p->pLeft, pValue);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_UMINUS: {
-      int v;
-      if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(p->pLeft, &v) ){
-        *pValue = -v;
-        rc = 1;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    default: break;
-  }
-  if( rc ){
-    assert( ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly)
-               || (p->flags2 & EP2_MallocedToken)==0 );
-    p->op = TK_INTEGER;
-    p->flags |= EP_IntValue;
-    p->u.iValue = *pValue;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return FALSE if there is no chance that the expression can be NULL.
-**
-** If the expression might be NULL or if the expression is too complex
-** to tell return TRUE.  
-**
-** This routine is used as an optimization, to skip OP_IsNull opcodes
-** when we know that a value cannot be NULL.  Hence, a false positive
-** (returning TRUE when in fact the expression can never be NULL) might
-** be a small performance hit but is otherwise harmless.  On the other
-** hand, a false negative (returning FALSE when the result could be NULL)
-** will likely result in an incorrect answer.  So when in doubt, return
-** TRUE.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr *p){
-  u8 op;
-  while( p->op==TK_UPLUS || p->op==TK_UMINUS ){ p = p->pLeft; }
-  op = p->op;
-  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
-  switch( op ){
-    case TK_INTEGER:
-    case TK_STRING:
-    case TK_FLOAT:
-    case TK_BLOB:
-      return 0;
-    default:
-      return 1;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate an OP_IsNull instruction that tests register iReg and jumps
-** to location iDest if the value in iReg is NULL.  The value in iReg 
-** was computed by pExpr.  If we can look at pExpr at compile-time and
-** determine that it can never generate a NULL, then the OP_IsNull operation
-** can be omitted.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(
-  Vdbe *v,            /* The VDBE under construction */
-  const Expr *pExpr,  /* Only generate OP_IsNull if this expr can be NULL */
-  int iReg,           /* Test the value in this register for NULL */
-  int iDest           /* Jump here if the value is null */
-){
-  if( sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pExpr) ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, iReg, iDest);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if the given expression is a constant which would be
-** unchanged by OP_Affinity with the affinity given in the second
-** argument.
-**
-** This routine is used to determine if the OP_Affinity operation
-** can be omitted.  When in doubt return FALSE.  A false negative
-** is harmless.  A false positive, however, can result in the wrong
-** answer.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr *p, char aff){
-  u8 op;
-  if( aff==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ) return 1;
-  while( p->op==TK_UPLUS || p->op==TK_UMINUS ){ p = p->pLeft; }
-  op = p->op;
-  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
-  switch( op ){
-    case TK_INTEGER: {
-      return aff==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
-    }
-    case TK_FLOAT: {
-      return aff==SQLITE_AFF_REAL || aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
-    }
-    case TK_STRING: {
-      return aff==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
-    }
-    case TK_BLOB: {
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case TK_COLUMN: {
-      assert( p->iTable>=0 );  /* p cannot be part of a CHECK constraint */
-      return p->iColumn<0
-          && (aff==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC);
-    }
-    default: {
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if the given string is a row-id column name.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsRowid(const char *z){
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "_ROWID_")==0 ) return 1;
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "ROWID")==0 ) return 1;
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "OID")==0 ) return 1;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return true if we are able to the IN operator optimization on a
-** query of the form
-**
-**       x IN (SELECT ...)
-**
-** Where the SELECT... clause is as specified by the parameter to this
-** routine.
-**
-** The Select object passed in has already been preprocessed and no
-** errors have been found.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-static int isCandidateForInOpt(Select *p){
-  SrcList *pSrc;
-  ExprList *pEList;
-  Table *pTab;
-  if( p==0 ) return 0;                   /* right-hand side of IN is SELECT */
-  if( p->pPrior ) return 0;              /* Not a compound SELECT */
-  if( p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate) ){
-    testcase( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct );
-    testcase( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Aggregate );
-    return 0; /* No DISTINCT keyword and no aggregate functions */
-  }
-  assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );              /* Has no GROUP BY clause */
-  if( p->pLimit ) return 0;              /* Has no LIMIT clause */
-  assert( p->pOffset==0 );               /* No LIMIT means no OFFSET */
-  if( p->pWhere ) return 0;              /* Has no WHERE clause */
-  pSrc = p->pSrc;
-  assert( pSrc!=0 );
-  if( pSrc->nSrc!=1 ) return 0;          /* Single term in FROM clause */
-  if( pSrc->a[0].pSelect ) return 0;     /* FROM is not a subquery or view */
-  pTab = pSrc->a[0].pTab;
-  if( NEVER(pTab==0) ) return 0;
-  assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );            /* FROM clause is not a view */
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;        /* FROM clause not a virtual table */
-  pEList = p->pEList;
-  if( pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;       /* One column in the result set */
-  if( pEList->a[0].pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return 0; /* Result is a column */
-  return 1;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */
-
-/*
-** This function is used by the implementation of the IN (...) operator.
-** It's job is to find or create a b-tree structure that may be used
-** either to test for membership of the (...) set or to iterate through
-** its members, skipping duplicates.
-**
-** The index of the cursor opened on the b-tree (database table, database index 
-** or ephermal table) is stored in pX->iTable before this function returns.
-** The returned value of this function indicates the b-tree type, as follows:
-**
-**   IN_INDEX_ROWID - The cursor was opened on a database table.
-**   IN_INDEX_INDEX - The cursor was opened on a database index.
-**   IN_INDEX_EPH -   The cursor was opened on a specially created and
-**                    populated epheremal table.
-**
-** An existing b-tree may only be used if the SELECT is of the simple
-** form:
-**
-**     SELECT <column> FROM <table>
-**
-** If the prNotFound parameter is 0, then the b-tree will be used to iterate
-** through the set members, skipping any duplicates. In this case an
-** epheremal table must be used unless the selected <column> is guaranteed
-** to be unique - either because it is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or it
-** has a UNIQUE constraint or UNIQUE index.
-**
-** If the prNotFound parameter is not 0, then the b-tree will be used 
-** for fast set membership tests. In this case an epheremal table must 
-** be used unless <column> is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or an index can 
-** be found with <column> as its left-most column.
-**
-** When the b-tree is being used for membership tests, the calling function
-** needs to know whether or not the structure contains an SQL NULL 
-** value in order to correctly evaluate expressions like "X IN (Y, Z)".
-** If there is any chance that the (...) might contain a NULL value at
-** runtime, then a register is allocated and the register number written
-** to *prNotFound. If there is no chance that the (...) contains a
-** NULL value, then *prNotFound is left unchanged.
-**
-** If a register is allocated and its location stored in *prNotFound, then
-** its initial value is NULL.  If the (...) does not remain constant
-** for the duration of the query (i.e. the SELECT within the (...)
-** is a correlated subquery) then the value of the allocated register is
-** reset to NULL each time the subquery is rerun. This allows the
-** caller to use vdbe code equivalent to the following:
-**
-**   if( register==NULL ){
-**     has_null = <test if data structure contains null>
-**     register = 1
-**   }
-**
-** in order to avoid running the <test if data structure contains null>
-** test more often than is necessary.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *pParse, Expr *pX, int *prNotFound){
-  Select *p;                            /* SELECT to the right of IN operator */
-  int eType = 0;                        /* Type of RHS table. IN_INDEX_* */
-  int iTab = pParse->nTab++;            /* Cursor of the RHS table */
-  int mustBeUnique = (prNotFound==0);   /* True if RHS must be unique */
-
-  assert( pX->op==TK_IN );
-
-  /* Check to see if an existing table or index can be used to
-  ** satisfy the query.  This is preferable to generating a new 
-  ** ephemeral table.
-  */
-  p = (ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ? pX->x.pSelect : 0);
-  if( ALWAYS(pParse->nErr==0) && isCandidateForInOpt(p) ){
-    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;              /* Database connection */
-    Expr *pExpr = p->pEList->a[0].pExpr;   /* Expression <column> */
-    int iCol = pExpr->iColumn;             /* Index of column <column> */
-    Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);      /* Virtual machine being coded */
-    Table *pTab = p->pSrc->a[0].pTab;      /* Table <table>. */
-    int iDb;                               /* Database idx for pTab */
-   
-    /* Code an OP_VerifyCookie and OP_TableLock for <table>. */
-    iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-    sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
-    sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 0, pTab->zName);
-
-    /* This function is only called from two places. In both cases the vdbe
-    ** has already been allocated. So assume sqlite3GetVdbe() is always
-    ** successful here.
-    */
-    assert(v);
-    if( iCol<0 ){
-      int iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
-      int iAddr;
-
-      iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, iMem);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iMem);
-
-      sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iTab, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
-      eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;
-
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iAddr);
-    }else{
-      Index *pIdx;                         /* Iterator variable */
-
-      /* The collation sequence used by the comparison. If an index is to
-      ** be used in place of a temp-table, it must be ordered according
-      ** to this collation sequence.  */
-      CollSeq *pReq = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pX->pLeft, pExpr);
-
-      /* Check that the affinity that will be used to perform the 
-      ** comparison is the same as the affinity of the column. If
-      ** it is not, it is not possible to use any index.
-      */
-      char aff = comparisonAffinity(pX);
-      int affinity_ok = (pTab->aCol[iCol].affinity==aff||aff==SQLITE_AFF_NONE);
-
-      for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx && eType==0 && affinity_ok; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-        if( (pIdx->aiColumn[0]==iCol)
-         && sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), pIdx->azColl[0], 0)==pReq
-         && (!mustBeUnique || (pIdx->nColumn==1 && pIdx->onError!=OE_None))
-        ){
-          int iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
-          int iAddr;
-          char *pKey;
-  
-          pKey = (char *)sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
-          iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, iMem);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iMem);
-  
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenRead, iTab, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
-                               pKey,P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-          VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
-          eType = IN_INDEX_INDEX;
-
-          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iAddr);
-          if( prNotFound && !pTab->aCol[iCol].notNull ){
-            *prNotFound = ++pParse->nMem;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( eType==0 ){
-    /* Could not found an existing table or index to use as the RHS b-tree.
-    ** We will have to generate an ephemeral table to do the job.
-    */
-    int rMayHaveNull = 0;
-    eType = IN_INDEX_EPH;
-    if( prNotFound ){
-      *prNotFound = rMayHaveNull = ++pParse->nMem;
-    }else if( pX->pLeft->iColumn<0 && !ExprHasAnyProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-      eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;
-    }
-    sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pX, rMayHaveNull, eType==IN_INDEX_ROWID);
-  }else{
-    pX->iTable = iTab;
-  }
-  return eType;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Generate code for scalar subqueries used as an expression
-** and IN operators.  Examples:
-**
-**     (SELECT a FROM b)          -- subquery
-**     EXISTS (SELECT a FROM b)   -- EXISTS subquery
-**     x IN (4,5,11)              -- IN operator with list on right-hand side
-**     x IN (SELECT a FROM b)     -- IN operator with subquery on the right
-**
-** The pExpr parameter describes the expression that contains the IN
-** operator or subquery.
-**
-** If parameter isRowid is non-zero, then expression pExpr is guaranteed
-** to be of the form "<rowid> IN (?, ?, ?)", where <rowid> is a reference
-** to some integer key column of a table B-Tree. In this case, use an
-** intkey B-Tree to store the set of IN(...) values instead of the usual
-** (slower) variable length keys B-Tree.
-**
-** If rMayHaveNull is non-zero, that means that the operation is an IN
-** (not a SELECT or EXISTS) and that the RHS might contains NULLs.
-** Furthermore, the IN is in a WHERE clause and that we really want
-** to iterate over the RHS of the IN operator in order to quickly locate
-** all corresponding LHS elements.  All this routine does is initialize
-** the register given by rMayHaveNull to NULL.  Calling routines will take
-** care of changing this register value to non-NULL if the RHS is NULL-free.
-**
-** If rMayHaveNull is zero, that means that the subquery is being used
-** for membership testing only.  There is no need to initialize any
-** registers to indicate the presense or absence of NULLs on the RHS.
-**
-** For a SELECT or EXISTS operator, return the register that holds the
-** result.  For IN operators or if an error occurs, the return value is 0.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CodeSubselect(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
-  Expr *pExpr,            /* The IN, SELECT, or EXISTS operator */
-  int rMayHaveNull,       /* Register that records whether NULLs exist in RHS */
-  int isRowid             /* If true, LHS of IN operator is a rowid */
-){
-  int testAddr = 0;                       /* One-time test address */
-  int rReg = 0;                           /* Register storing resulting */
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( NEVER(v==0) ) return 0;
-  sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
-
-  /* This code must be run in its entirety every time it is encountered
-  ** if any of the following is true:
-  **
-  **    *  The right-hand side is a correlated subquery
-  **    *  The right-hand side is an expression list containing variables
-  **    *  We are inside a trigger
-  **
-  ** If all of the above are false, then we can run this code just once
-  ** save the results, and reuse the same result on subsequent invocations.
-  */
-  if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) && !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
-    int mem = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, mem);
-    testAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, mem);
-    assert( testAddr>0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
-  }
-
-  switch( pExpr->op ){
-    case TK_IN: {
-      char affinity;
-      KeyInfo keyInfo;
-      int addr;        /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral instruction */
-      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
-
-      if( rMayHaveNull ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, rMayHaveNull);
-      }
-
-      affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLeft);
-
-      /* Whether this is an 'x IN(SELECT...)' or an 'x IN(<exprlist>)'
-      ** expression it is handled the same way.  An ephemeral table is 
-      ** filled with single-field index keys representing the results
-      ** from the SELECT or the <exprlist>.
-      **
-      ** If the 'x' expression is a column value, or the SELECT...
-      ** statement returns a column value, then the affinity of that
-      ** column is used to build the index keys. If both 'x' and the
-      ** SELECT... statement are columns, then numeric affinity is used
-      ** if either column has NUMERIC or INTEGER affinity. If neither
-      ** 'x' nor the SELECT... statement are columns, then numeric affinity
-      ** is used.
-      */
-      pExpr->iTable = pParse->nTab++;
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pExpr->iTable, !isRowid);
-      memset(&keyInfo, 0, sizeof(keyInfo));
-      keyInfo.nField = 1;
-
-      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-        /* Case 1:     expr IN (SELECT ...)
-        **
-        ** Generate code to write the results of the select into the temporary
-        ** table allocated and opened above.
-        */
-        SelectDest dest;
-        ExprList *pEList;
-
-        assert( !isRowid );
-        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Set, pExpr->iTable);
-        dest.affinity = (u8)affinity;
-        assert( (pExpr->iTable&0x0000FFFF)==pExpr->iTable );
-        if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pExpr->x.pSelect, &dest) ){
-          return 0;
-        }
-        pEList = pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList;
-        if( ALWAYS(pEList!=0 && pEList->nExpr>0) ){ 
-          keyInfo.aColl[0] = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft,
-              pEList->a[0].pExpr);
-        }
-      }else if( pExpr->x.pList!=0 ){
-        /* Case 2:     expr IN (exprlist)
-        **
-        ** For each expression, build an index key from the evaluation and
-        ** store it in the temporary table. If <expr> is a column, then use
-        ** that columns affinity when building index keys. If <expr> is not
-        ** a column, use numeric affinity.
-        */
-        int i;
-        ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
-        struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-        int r1, r2, r3;
-
-        if( !affinity ){
-          affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-        }
-        keyInfo.aColl[0] = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
-
-        /* Loop through each expression in <exprlist>. */
-        r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, r2);
-        for(i=pList->nExpr, pItem=pList->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
-          Expr *pE2 = pItem->pExpr;
-          int iValToIns;
-
-          /* If the expression is not constant then we will need to
-          ** disable the test that was generated above that makes sure
-          ** this code only executes once.  Because for a non-constant
-          ** expression we need to rerun this code each time.
-          */
-          if( testAddr && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pE2) ){
-            sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, testAddr-1, 2);
-            testAddr = 0;
-          }
-
-          /* Evaluate the expression and insert it into the temp table */
-          if( isRowid && sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE2, &iValToIns) ){
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InsertInt, pExpr->iTable, r2, iValToIns);
-          }else{
-            r3 = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pE2, r1);
-            if( isRowid ){
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, r3,
-                                sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, pExpr->iTable, r2, r3);
-            }else{
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, r3, 1, r2, &affinity, 1);
-              sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, r3, 1);
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, pExpr->iTable, r2);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
-      }
-      if( !isRowid ){
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr, (void *)&keyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-
-    case TK_EXISTS:
-    case TK_SELECT:
-    default: {
-      /* If this has to be a scalar SELECT.  Generate code to put the
-      ** value of this select in a memory cell and record the number
-      ** of the memory cell in iColumn.  If this is an EXISTS, write
-      ** an integer 0 (not exists) or 1 (exists) into a memory cell
-      ** and record that memory cell in iColumn.
-      */
-      static const Token one = { "1", 1 };  /* Token for literal value 1 */
-      Select *pSel;                         /* SELECT statement to encode */
-      SelectDest dest;                      /* How to deal with SELECt result */
-
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
-      assert( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS || pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
-
-      assert( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-      pSel = pExpr->x.pSelect;
-      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, 0, ++pParse->nMem);
-      if( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ){
-        dest.eDest = SRT_Mem;
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, dest.iParm);
-        VdbeComment((v, "Init subquery result"));
-      }else{
-        dest.eDest = SRT_Exists;
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, dest.iParm);
-        VdbeComment((v, "Init EXISTS result"));
-      }
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pSel->pLimit);
-      pSel->pLimit = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_INTEGER, 0, 0, &one);
-      if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest) ){
-        return 0;
-      }
-      rReg = dest.iParm;
-      ExprSetIrreducible(pExpr);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( testAddr ){
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, testAddr-1);
-  }
-  sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);
-
-  return rReg;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-/*
-** Generate code for an IN expression.
-**
-**      x IN (SELECT ...)
-**      x IN (value, value, ...)
-**
-** The left-hand side (LHS) is a scalar expression.  The right-hand side (RHS)
-** is an array of zero or more values.  The expression is true if the LHS is
-** contained within the RHS.  The value of the expression is unknown (NULL)
-** if the LHS is NULL or if the LHS is not contained within the RHS and the
-** RHS contains one or more NULL values.
-**
-** This routine generates code will jump to destIfFalse if the LHS is not 
-** contained within the RHS.  If due to NULLs we cannot determine if the LHS
-** is contained in the RHS then jump to destIfNull.  If the LHS is contained
-** within the RHS then fall through.
-*/
-static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing and code generating context */
-  Expr *pExpr,          /* The IN expression */
-  int destIfFalse,      /* Jump here if LHS is not contained in the RHS */
-  int destIfNull        /* Jump here if the results are unknown due to NULLs */
-){
-  int rRhsHasNull = 0;  /* Register that is true if RHS contains NULL values */
-  char affinity;        /* Comparison affinity to use */
-  int eType;            /* Type of the RHS */
-  int r1;               /* Temporary use register */
-  Vdbe *v;              /* Statement under construction */
-
-  /* Compute the RHS.   After this step, the table with cursor
-  ** pExpr->iTable will contains the values that make up the RHS.
-  */
-  v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  assert( v!=0 );       /* OOM detected prior to this routine */
-  VdbeNoopComment((v, "begin IN expr"));
-  eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pExpr, &rRhsHasNull);
-
-  /* Figure out the affinity to use to create a key from the results
-  ** of the expression. affinityStr stores a static string suitable for
-  ** P4 of OP_MakeRecord.
-  */
-  affinity = comparisonAffinity(pExpr);
-
-  /* Code the LHS, the <expr> from "<expr> IN (...)".
-  */
-  sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
-  r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, r1);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, r1, destIfNull);
-
-
-  if( eType==IN_INDEX_ROWID ){
-    /* In this case, the RHS is the ROWID of table b-tree
-    */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, r1, destIfFalse);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, pExpr->iTable, destIfFalse, r1);
-  }else{
-    /* In this case, the RHS is an index b-tree.
-    */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, r1, 1, 0, &affinity, 1);
-
-    /* If the set membership test fails, then the result of the 
-    ** "x IN (...)" expression must be either 0 or NULL. If the set
-    ** contains no NULL values, then the result is 0. If the set 
-    ** contains one or more NULL values, then the result of the
-    ** expression is also NULL.
-    */
-    if( rRhsHasNull==0 || destIfFalse==destIfNull ){
-      /* This branch runs if it is known at compile time that the RHS
-      ** cannot contain NULL values. This happens as the result
-      ** of a "NOT NULL" constraint in the database schema.
-      **
-      ** Also run this branch if NULL is equivalent to FALSE
-      ** for this particular IN operator.
-      */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, pExpr->iTable, destIfFalse, r1, 1);
-
-    }else{
-      /* In this branch, the RHS of the IN might contain a NULL and
-      ** the presence of a NULL on the RHS makes a difference in the
-      ** outcome.
-      */
-      int j1, j2, j3;
-
-      /* First check to see if the LHS is contained in the RHS.  If so,
-      ** then the presence of NULLs in the RHS does not matter, so jump
-      ** over all of the code that follows.
-      */
-      j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, pExpr->iTable, 0, r1, 1);
-
-      /* Here we begin generating code that runs if the LHS is not
-      ** contained within the RHS.  Generate additional code that
-      ** tests the RHS for NULLs.  If the RHS contains a NULL then
-      ** jump to destIfNull.  If there are no NULLs in the RHS then
-      ** jump to destIfFalse.
-      */
-      j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, rRhsHasNull);
-      j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, pExpr->iTable, 0, rRhsHasNull, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, -1, rRhsHasNull);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j3);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, rRhsHasNull, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j2);
-
-      /* Jump to the appropriate target depending on whether or not
-      ** the RHS contains a NULL
-      */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, rRhsHasNull, destIfNull);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, destIfFalse);
-
-      /* The OP_Found at the top of this branch jumps here when true, 
-      ** causing the overall IN expression evaluation to fall through.
-      */
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-  sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);
-  VdbeComment((v, "end IN expr"));
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */
-
-/*
-** Duplicate an 8-byte value
-*/
-static char *dup8bytes(Vdbe *v, const char *in){
-  char *out = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3VdbeDb(v), 8);
-  if( out ){
-    memcpy(out, in, 8);
-  }
-  return out;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-/*
-** Generate an instruction that will put the floating point
-** value described by z[0..n-1] into register iMem.
-**
-** The z[] string will probably not be zero-terminated.  But the 
-** z[n] character is guaranteed to be something that does not look
-** like the continuation of the number.
-*/
-static void codeReal(Vdbe *v, const char *z, int negateFlag, int iMem){
-  if( ALWAYS(z!=0) ){
-    double value;
-    char *zV;
-    sqlite3AtoF(z, &value);
-    assert( !sqlite3IsNaN(value) ); /* The new AtoF never returns NaN */
-    if( negateFlag ) value = -value;
-    zV = dup8bytes(v, (char*)&value);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Real, 0, iMem, 0, zV, P4_REAL);
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Generate an instruction that will put the integer describe by
-** text z[0..n-1] into register iMem.
-**
-** The z[] string will probably not be zero-terminated.  But the 
-** z[n] character is guaranteed to be something that does not look
-** like the continuation of the number.
-*/
-static void codeInteger(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int negFlag, int iMem){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  if( pExpr->flags & EP_IntValue ){
-    int i = pExpr->u.iValue;
-    if( negFlag ) i = -i;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, i, iMem);
-  }else{
-    const char *z = pExpr->u.zToken;
-    assert( z!=0 );
-    if( sqlite3FitsIn64Bits(z, negFlag) ){
-      i64 value;
-      char *zV;
-      sqlite3Atoi64(z, &value);
-      if( negFlag ) value = -value;
-      zV = dup8bytes(v, (char*)&value);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Int64, 0, iMem, 0, zV, P4_INT64);
-    }else{
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "oversized integer: %s%s", negFlag ? "-" : "", z);
-#else
-      codeReal(v, z, negFlag, iMem);
-#endif
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Clear a cache entry.
-*/
-static void cacheEntryClear(Parse *pParse, struct yColCache *p){
-  if( p->tempReg ){
-    if( pParse->nTempReg<ArraySize(pParse->aTempReg) ){
-      pParse->aTempReg[pParse->nTempReg++] = p->iReg;
-    }
-    p->tempReg = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Record in the column cache that a particular column from a
-** particular table is stored in a particular register.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse *pParse, int iTab, int iCol, int iReg){
-  int i;
-  int minLru;
-  int idxLru;
-  struct yColCache *p;
-
-  assert( iReg>0 );  /* Register numbers are always positive */
-  assert( iCol>=-1 && iCol<32768 );  /* Finite column numbers */
-
-  /* The SQLITE_ColumnCache flag disables the column cache.  This is used
-  ** for testing only - to verify that SQLite always gets the same answer
-  ** with and without the column cache.
-  */
-  if( pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_ColumnCache ) return;
-
-  /* First replace any existing entry.
-  **
-  ** Actually, the way the column cache is currently used, we are guaranteed
-  ** that the object will never already be in cache.  Verify this guarantee.
-  */
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
-#if 0 /* This code wold remove the entry from the cache if it existed */
-    if( p->iReg && p->iTable==iTab && p->iColumn==iCol ){
-      cacheEntryClear(pParse, p);
-      p->iLevel = pParse->iCacheLevel;
-      p->iReg = iReg;
-      p->lru = pParse->iCacheCnt++;
-      return;
-    }
-#endif
-    assert( p->iReg==0 || p->iTable!=iTab || p->iColumn!=iCol );
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Find an empty slot and replace it */
-  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
-    if( p->iReg==0 ){
-      p->iLevel = pParse->iCacheLevel;
-      p->iTable = iTab;
-      p->iColumn = iCol;
-      p->iReg = iReg;
-      p->tempReg = 0;
-      p->lru = pParse->iCacheCnt++;
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Replace the last recently used */
-  minLru = 0x7fffffff;
-  idxLru = -1;
-  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
-    if( p->lru<minLru ){
-      idxLru = i;
-      minLru = p->lru;
-    }
-  }
-  if( ALWAYS(idxLru>=0) ){
-    p = &pParse->aColCache[idxLru];
-    p->iLevel = pParse->iCacheLevel;
-    p->iTable = iTab;
-    p->iColumn = iCol;
-    p->iReg = iReg;
-    p->tempReg = 0;
-    p->lru = pParse->iCacheCnt++;
-    return;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Indicate that registers between iReg..iReg+nReg-1 are being overwritten.
-** Purge the range of registers from the column cache.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse *pParse, int iReg, int nReg){
-  int i;
-  int iLast = iReg + nReg - 1;
-  struct yColCache *p;
-  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
-    int r = p->iReg;
-    if( r>=iReg && r<=iLast ){
-      cacheEntryClear(pParse, p);
-      p->iReg = 0;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Remember the current column cache context.  Any new entries added
-** added to the column cache after this call are removed when the
-** corresponding pop occurs.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse *pParse){
-  pParse->iCacheLevel++;
-}
-
-/*
-** Remove from the column cache any entries that were added since the
-** the previous N Push operations.  In other words, restore the cache
-** to the state it was in N Pushes ago.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse *pParse, int N){
-  int i;
-  struct yColCache *p;
-  assert( N>0 );
-  assert( pParse->iCacheLevel>=N );
-  pParse->iCacheLevel -= N;
-  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
-    if( p->iReg && p->iLevel>pParse->iCacheLevel ){
-      cacheEntryClear(pParse, p);
-      p->iReg = 0;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** When a cached column is reused, make sure that its register is
-** no longer available as a temp register.  ticket #3879:  that same
-** register might be in the cache in multiple places, so be sure to
-** get them all.
-*/
-static void sqlite3ExprCachePinRegister(Parse *pParse, int iReg){
-  int i;
-  struct yColCache *p;
-  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
-    if( p->iReg==iReg ){
-      p->tempReg = 0;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will extract the iColumn-th column from
-** table pTab and store the column value in a register.  An effort
-** is made to store the column value in register iReg, but this is
-** not guaranteed.  The location of the column value is returned.
-**
-** There must be an open cursor to pTab in iTable when this routine
-** is called.  If iColumn<0 then code is generated that extracts the rowid.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(
-  Parse *pParse,   /* Parsing and code generating context */
-  Table *pTab,     /* Description of the table we are reading from */
-  int iColumn,     /* Index of the table column */
-  int iTable,      /* The cursor pointing to the table */
-  int iReg         /* Store results here */
-){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int i;
-  struct yColCache *p;
-
-  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
-    if( p->iReg>0 && p->iTable==iTable && p->iColumn==iColumn ){
-      p->lru = pParse->iCacheCnt++;
-      sqlite3ExprCachePinRegister(pParse, p->iReg);
-      return p->iReg;
-    }
-  }  
-  assert( v!=0 );
-  if( iColumn<0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iTable, iReg);
-  }else if( ALWAYS(pTab!=0) ){
-    int op = IsVirtual(pTab) ? OP_VColumn : OP_Column;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, op, iTable, iColumn, iReg);
-    sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, iColumn, iReg);
-  }
-  sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iTable, iColumn, iReg);
-  return iReg;
-}
-
-/*
-** Clear all column cache entries.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse *pParse){
-  int i;
-  struct yColCache *p;
-
-  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
-    if( p->iReg ){
-      cacheEntryClear(pParse, p);
-      p->iReg = 0;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Record the fact that an affinity change has occurred on iCount
-** registers starting with iStart.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse *pParse, int iStart, int iCount){
-  sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, iStart, iCount);
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code to move content from registers iFrom...iFrom+nReg-1
-** over to iTo..iTo+nReg-1. Keep the column cache up-to-date.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo, int nReg){
-  int i;
-  struct yColCache *p;
-  if( NEVER(iFrom==iTo) ) return;
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Move, iFrom, iTo, nReg);
-  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
-    int x = p->iReg;
-    if( x>=iFrom && x<iFrom+nReg ){
-      p->iReg += iTo-iFrom;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code to copy content from registers iFrom...iFrom+nReg-1
-** over to iTo..iTo+nReg-1.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo, int nReg){
-  int i;
-  if( NEVER(iFrom==iTo) ) return;
-  for(i=0; i<nReg; i++){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Copy, iFrom+i, iTo+i);
-  }
-}
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
-/*
-** Return true if any register in the range iFrom..iTo (inclusive)
-** is used as part of the column cache.
-**
-** This routine is used within assert() and testcase() macros only
-** and does not appear in a normal build.
-*/
-static int usedAsColumnCache(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo){
-  int i;
-  struct yColCache *p;
-  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
-    int r = p->iReg;
-    if( r>=iFrom && r<=iTo ) return 1;    /*NO_TEST*/
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG || SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST */
-
-/*
-** If the last instruction coded is an ephemeral copy of any of
-** the registers in the nReg registers beginning with iReg, then
-** convert the last instruction from OP_SCopy to OP_Copy.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprHardCopy(Parse *pParse, int iReg, int nReg){
-  VdbeOp *pOp;
-  Vdbe *v;
-
-  assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed==0 );
-  v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  assert( v!=0 );
-  pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1);
-  assert( pOp!=0 );
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_SCopy && pOp->p1>=iReg && pOp->p1<iReg+nReg ){
-    pOp->opcode = OP_Copy;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code to store the value of the iAlias-th alias in register
-** target.  The first time this is called, pExpr is evaluated to compute
-** the value of the alias.  The value is stored in an auxiliary register
-** and the number of that register is returned.  On subsequent calls,
-** the register number is returned without generating any code.
-**
-** Note that in order for this to work, code must be generated in the
-** same order that it is executed.
-**
-** Aliases are numbered starting with 1.  So iAlias is in the range
-** of 1 to pParse->nAlias inclusive.  
-**
-** pParse->aAlias[iAlias-1] records the register number where the value
-** of the iAlias-th alias is stored.  If zero, that means that the
-** alias has not yet been computed.
-*/
-static int codeAlias(Parse *pParse, int iAlias, Expr *pExpr, int target){
-#if 0
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int iReg;
-  if( pParse->nAliasAlloc<pParse->nAlias ){
-    pParse->aAlias = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(db, pParse->aAlias,
-                                 sizeof(pParse->aAlias[0])*pParse->nAlias );
-    testcase( db->mallocFailed && pParse->nAliasAlloc>0 );
-    if( db->mallocFailed ) return 0;
-    memset(&pParse->aAlias[pParse->nAliasAlloc], 0,
-           (pParse->nAlias-pParse->nAliasAlloc)*sizeof(pParse->aAlias[0]));
-    pParse->nAliasAlloc = pParse->nAlias;
-  }
-  assert( iAlias>0 && iAlias<=pParse->nAlias );
-  iReg = pParse->aAlias[iAlias-1];
-  if( iReg==0 ){
-    if( pParse->iCacheLevel>0 ){
-      iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target);
-    }else{
-      iReg = ++pParse->nMem;
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr, iReg);
-      pParse->aAlias[iAlias-1] = iReg;
-    }
-  }
-  return iReg;
-#else
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(iAlias);
-  return sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target);
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code into the current Vdbe to evaluate the given
-** expression.  Attempt to store the results in register "target".
-** Return the register where results are stored.
-**
-** With this routine, there is no guarantee that results will
-** be stored in target.  The result might be stored in some other
-** register if it is convenient to do so.  The calling function
-** must check the return code and move the results to the desired
-** register.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;  /* The VM under construction */
-  int op;                   /* The opcode being coded */
-  int inReg = target;       /* Results stored in register inReg */
-  int regFree1 = 0;         /* If non-zero free this temporary register */
-  int regFree2 = 0;         /* If non-zero free this temporary register */
-  int r1, r2, r3, r4;       /* Various register numbers */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db; /* The database connection */
-
-  assert( target>0 && target<=pParse->nMem );
-  if( v==0 ){
-    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  if( pExpr==0 ){
-    op = TK_NULL;
-  }else{
-    op = pExpr->op;
-  }
-  switch( op ){
-    case TK_AGG_COLUMN: {
-      AggInfo *pAggInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
-      struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[pExpr->iAgg];
-      if( !pAggInfo->directMode ){
-        assert( pCol->iMem>0 );
-        inReg = pCol->iMem;
-        break;
-      }else if( pAggInfo->useSortingIdx ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pAggInfo->sortingIdx,
-                              pCol->iSorterColumn, target);
-        break;
-      }
-      /* Otherwise, fall thru into the TK_COLUMN case */
-    }
-    case TK_COLUMN: {
-      if( pExpr->iTable<0 ){
-        /* This only happens when coding check constraints */
-        assert( pParse->ckBase>0 );
-        inReg = pExpr->iColumn + pParse->ckBase;
-      }else{
-        inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pExpr->pTab,
-                                 pExpr->iColumn, pExpr->iTable, target);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_INTEGER: {
-      codeInteger(pParse, pExpr, 0, target);
-      break;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-    case TK_FLOAT: {
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-      codeReal(v, pExpr->u.zToken, 0, target);
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-    case TK_STRING: {
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, target, 0, pExpr->u.zToken, 0);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_NULL: {
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
-      break;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
-    case TK_BLOB: {
-      int n;
-      const char *z;
-      char *zBlob;
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-      assert( pExpr->u.zToken[0]=='x' || pExpr->u.zToken[0]=='X' );
-      assert( pExpr->u.zToken[1]=='\'' );
-      z = &pExpr->u.zToken[2];
-      n = sqlite3Strlen30(z) - 1;
-      assert( z[n]=='\'' );
-      zBlob = sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3VdbeDb(v), z, n);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Blob, n/2, target, 0, zBlob, P4_DYNAMIC);
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-    case TK_VARIABLE: {
-      VdbeOp *pOp;
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-      assert( pExpr->u.zToken!=0 );
-      assert( pExpr->u.zToken[0]!=0 );
-      if( pExpr->u.zToken[1]==0
-         && (pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1))->opcode==OP_Variable
-         && pOp->p1+pOp->p3==pExpr->iColumn
-         && pOp->p2+pOp->p3==target
-         && pOp->p4.z==0
-      ){
-        /* If the previous instruction was a copy of the previous unnamed
-        ** parameter into the previous register, then simply increment the
-        ** repeat count on the prior instruction rather than making a new
-        ** instruction.
-        */
-        pOp->p3++;
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Variable, pExpr->iColumn, target, 1);
-        if( pExpr->u.zToken[1]!=0 ){
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, pExpr->u.zToken, 0);
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_REGISTER: {
-      inReg = pExpr->iTable;
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_AS: {
-      inReg = codeAlias(pParse, pExpr->iTable, pExpr->pLeft, target);
-      break;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
-    case TK_CAST: {
-      /* Expressions of the form:   CAST(pLeft AS token) */
-      int aff, to_op;
-      inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-      aff = sqlite3AffinityType(pExpr->u.zToken);
-      to_op = aff - SQLITE_AFF_TEXT + OP_ToText;
-      assert( to_op==OP_ToText    || aff!=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT    );
-      assert( to_op==OP_ToBlob    || aff!=SQLITE_AFF_NONE    );
-      assert( to_op==OP_ToNumeric || aff!=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
-      assert( to_op==OP_ToInt     || aff!=SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );
-      assert( to_op==OP_ToReal    || aff!=SQLITE_AFF_REAL    );
-      testcase( to_op==OP_ToText );
-      testcase( to_op==OP_ToBlob );
-      testcase( to_op==OP_ToNumeric );
-      testcase( to_op==OP_ToInt );
-      testcase( to_op==OP_ToReal );
-      if( inReg!=target ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, inReg, target);
-        inReg = target;
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, to_op, inReg);
-      testcase( usedAsColumnCache(pParse, inReg, inReg) );
-      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, inReg, 1);
-      break;
-    }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */
-    case TK_LT:
-    case TK_LE:
-    case TK_GT:
-    case TK_GE:
-    case TK_NE:
-    case TK_EQ: {
-      assert( TK_LT==OP_Lt );
-      assert( TK_LE==OP_Le );
-      assert( TK_GT==OP_Gt );
-      assert( TK_GE==OP_Ge );
-      assert( TK_EQ==OP_Eq );
-      assert( TK_NE==OP_Ne );
-      testcase( op==TK_LT );
-      testcase( op==TK_LE );
-      testcase( op==TK_GT );
-      testcase( op==TK_GE );
-      testcase( op==TK_EQ );
-      testcase( op==TK_NE );
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
-      codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
-                  r1, r2, inReg, SQLITE_STOREP2);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      testcase( regFree2==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_IS:
-    case TK_ISNOT: {
-      testcase( op==TK_IS );
-      testcase( op==TK_ISNOT );
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
-      op = (op==TK_IS) ? TK_EQ : TK_NE;
-      codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
-                  r1, r2, inReg, SQLITE_STOREP2 | SQLITE_NULLEQ);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      testcase( regFree2==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_AND:
-    case TK_OR:
-    case TK_PLUS:
-    case TK_STAR:
-    case TK_MINUS:
-    case TK_REM:
-    case TK_BITAND:
-    case TK_BITOR:
-    case TK_SLASH:
-    case TK_LSHIFT:
-    case TK_RSHIFT: 
-    case TK_CONCAT: {
-      assert( TK_AND==OP_And );
-      assert( TK_OR==OP_Or );
-      assert( TK_PLUS==OP_Add );
-      assert( TK_MINUS==OP_Subtract );
-      assert( TK_REM==OP_Remainder );
-      assert( TK_BITAND==OP_BitAnd );
-      assert( TK_BITOR==OP_BitOr );
-      assert( TK_SLASH==OP_Divide );
-      assert( TK_LSHIFT==OP_ShiftLeft );
-      assert( TK_RSHIFT==OP_ShiftRight );
-      assert( TK_CONCAT==OP_Concat );
-      testcase( op==TK_AND );
-      testcase( op==TK_OR );
-      testcase( op==TK_PLUS );
-      testcase( op==TK_MINUS );
-      testcase( op==TK_REM );
-      testcase( op==TK_BITAND );
-      testcase( op==TK_BITOR );
-      testcase( op==TK_SLASH );
-      testcase( op==TK_LSHIFT );
-      testcase( op==TK_RSHIFT );
-      testcase( op==TK_CONCAT );
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, op, r2, r1, target);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      testcase( regFree2==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_UMINUS: {
-      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
-      assert( pLeft );
-      if( pLeft->op==TK_INTEGER ){
-        codeInteger(pParse, pLeft, 1, target);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-      }else if( pLeft->op==TK_FLOAT ){
-        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-        codeReal(v, pLeft->u.zToken, 1, target);
-#endif
-      }else{
-        regFree1 = r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, r1);
-        r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree2);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Subtract, r2, r1, target);
-        testcase( regFree2==0 );
-      }
-      inReg = target;
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_BITNOT:
-    case TK_NOT: {
-      assert( TK_BITNOT==OP_BitNot );
-      assert( TK_NOT==OP_Not );
-      testcase( op==TK_BITNOT );
-      testcase( op==TK_NOT );
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      inReg = target;
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, op, r1, inReg);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_ISNULL:
-    case TK_NOTNULL: {
-      int addr;
-      assert( TK_ISNULL==OP_IsNull );
-      assert( TK_NOTNULL==OP_NotNull );
-      testcase( op==TK_ISNULL );
-      testcase( op==TK_NOTNULL );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, target);
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, op, r1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, target, -1);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION: {
-      AggInfo *pInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
-      if( pInfo==0 ){
-        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aggregate: %s()", pExpr->u.zToken);
-      }else{
-        inReg = pInfo->aFunc[pExpr->iAgg].iMem;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_CONST_FUNC:
-    case TK_FUNCTION: {
-      ExprList *pFarg;       /* List of function arguments */
-      int nFarg;             /* Number of function arguments */
-      FuncDef *pDef;         /* The function definition object */
-      int nId;               /* Length of the function name in bytes */
-      const char *zId;       /* The function name */
-      int constMask = 0;     /* Mask of function arguments that are constant */
-      int i;                 /* Loop counter */
-      u8 enc = ENC(db);      /* The text encoding used by this database */
-      CollSeq *pColl = 0;    /* A collating sequence */
-
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-      testcase( op==TK_CONST_FUNC );
-      testcase( op==TK_FUNCTION );
-      if( ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ){
-        pFarg = 0;
-      }else{
-        pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;
-      }
-      nFarg = pFarg ? pFarg->nExpr : 0;
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-      zId = pExpr->u.zToken;
-      nId = sqlite3Strlen30(zId);
-      pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zId, nId, nFarg, enc, 0);
-      if( pDef==0 ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown function: %.*s()", nId, zId);
-        break;
-      }
-
-      /* Attempt a direct implementation of the built-in COALESCE() and
-      ** IFNULL() functions.  This avoids unnecessary evalation of
-      ** arguments past the first non-NULL argument.
-      */
-      if( pDef->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE ){
-        int endCoalesce = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-        assert( nFarg>=2 );
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFarg->a[0].pExpr, target);
-        for(i=1; i<nFarg; i++){
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NotNull, target, endCoalesce);
-          sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, target, 1);
-          sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
-          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFarg->a[i].pExpr, target);
-          sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);
-        }
-        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endCoalesce);
-        break;
-      }
-
-
-      if( pFarg ){
-        r1 = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nFarg);
-        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);     /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
-        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pFarg, r1, 1);
-        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);   /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
-      }else{
-        r1 = 0;
-      }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-      /* Possibly overload the function if the first argument is
-      ** a virtual table column.
-      **
-      ** For infix functions (LIKE, GLOB, REGEXP, and MATCH) use the
-      ** second argument, not the first, as the argument to test to
-      ** see if it is a column in a virtual table.  This is done because
-      ** the left operand of infix functions (the operand we want to
-      ** control overloading) ends up as the second argument to the
-      ** function.  The expression "A glob B" is equivalent to 
-      ** "glob(B,A).  We want to use the A in "A glob B" to test
-      ** for function overloading.  But we use the B term in "glob(B,A)".
-      */
-      if( nFarg>=2 && (pExpr->flags & EP_InfixFunc) ){
-        pDef = sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(db, pDef, nFarg, pFarg->a[1].pExpr);
-      }else if( nFarg>0 ){
-        pDef = sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(db, pDef, nFarg, pFarg->a[0].pExpr);
-      }
-#endif
-      for(i=0; i<nFarg; i++){
-        if( i<32 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pFarg->a[i].pExpr) ){
-          constMask |= (1<<i);
-        }
-        if( (pDef->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)!=0 && !pColl ){
-          pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pFarg->a[i].pExpr);
-        }
-      }
-      if( pDef->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
-        if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl; 
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, 0, 0, 0, (char *)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Function, constMask, r1, target,
-                        (char*)pDef, P4_FUNCDEF);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nFarg);
-      if( nFarg ){
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, r1, nFarg);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-    case TK_EXISTS:
-    case TK_SELECT: {
-      testcase( op==TK_EXISTS );
-      testcase( op==TK_SELECT );
-      inReg = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr, 0, 0);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_IN: {
-      int destIfFalse = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      int destIfNull = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
-      sqlite3ExprCodeIN(pParse, pExpr, destIfFalse, destIfNull);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, target);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, destIfFalse);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, target, 0);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, destIfNull);
-      break;
-    }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */
-
-
-    /*
-    **    x BETWEEN y AND z
-    **
-    ** This is equivalent to
-    **
-    **    x>=y AND x<=z
-    **
-    ** X is stored in pExpr->pLeft.
-    ** Y is stored in pExpr->pList->a[0].pExpr.
-    ** Z is stored in pExpr->pList->a[1].pExpr.
-    */
-    case TK_BETWEEN: {
-      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
-      struct ExprList_item *pLItem = pExpr->x.pList->a;
-      Expr *pRight = pLItem->pExpr;
-
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pLeft, &regFree1);
-      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pRight, &regFree2);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      testcase( regFree2==0 );
-      r3 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      r4 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      codeCompare(pParse, pLeft, pRight, OP_Ge,
-                  r1, r2, r3, SQLITE_STOREP2);
-      pLItem++;
-      pRight = pLItem->pExpr;
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);
-      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pRight, &regFree2);
-      testcase( regFree2==0 );
-      codeCompare(pParse, pLeft, pRight, OP_Le, r1, r2, r4, SQLITE_STOREP2);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_And, r3, r4, target);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r3);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r4);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_UPLUS: {
-      inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    case TK_TRIGGER: {
-      /* If the opcode is TK_TRIGGER, then the expression is a reference
-      ** to a column in the new.* or old.* pseudo-tables available to
-      ** trigger programs. In this case Expr.iTable is set to 1 for the
-      ** new.* pseudo-table, or 0 for the old.* pseudo-table. Expr.iColumn
-      ** is set to the column of the pseudo-table to read, or to -1 to
-      ** read the rowid field.
-      **
-      ** The expression is implemented using an OP_Param opcode. The p1
-      ** parameter is set to 0 for an old.rowid reference, or to (i+1)
-      ** to reference another column of the old.* pseudo-table, where 
-      ** i is the index of the column. For a new.rowid reference, p1 is
-      ** set to (n+1), where n is the number of columns in each pseudo-table.
-      ** For a reference to any other column in the new.* pseudo-table, p1
-      ** is set to (n+2+i), where n and i are as defined previously. For
-      ** example, if the table on which triggers are being fired is
-      ** declared as:
-      **
-      **   CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
-      **
-      ** Then p1 is interpreted as follows:
-      **
-      **   p1==0   ->    old.rowid     p1==3   ->    new.rowid
-      **   p1==1   ->    old.a         p1==4   ->    new.a
-      **   p1==2   ->    old.b         p1==5   ->    new.b       
-      */
-      Table *pTab = pExpr->pTab;
-      int p1 = pExpr->iTable * (pTab->nCol+1) + 1 + pExpr->iColumn;
-
-      assert( pExpr->iTable==0 || pExpr->iTable==1 );
-      assert( pExpr->iColumn>=-1 && pExpr->iColumn<pTab->nCol );
-      assert( pTab->iPKey<0 || pExpr->iColumn!=pTab->iPKey );
-      assert( p1>=0 && p1<(pTab->nCol*2+2) );
-
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Param, p1, target);
-      VdbeComment((v, "%s.%s -> $%d",
-        (pExpr->iTable ? "new" : "old"),
-        (pExpr->iColumn<0 ? "rowid" : pExpr->pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].zName),
-        target
-      ));
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-      /* If the column has REAL affinity, it may currently be stored as an
-      ** integer. Use OP_RealAffinity to make sure it is really real.  */
-      if( pExpr->iColumn>=0 
-       && pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL
-      ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, target);
-      }
-#endif
-      break;
-    }
-
-
-    /*
-    ** Form A:
-    **   CASE x WHEN e1 THEN r1 WHEN e2 THEN r2 ... WHEN eN THEN rN ELSE y END
-    **
-    ** Form B:
-    **   CASE WHEN e1 THEN r1 WHEN e2 THEN r2 ... WHEN eN THEN rN ELSE y END
-    **
-    ** Form A is can be transformed into the equivalent form B as follows:
-    **   CASE WHEN x=e1 THEN r1 WHEN x=e2 THEN r2 ...
-    **        WHEN x=eN THEN rN ELSE y END
-    **
-    ** X (if it exists) is in pExpr->pLeft.
-    ** Y is in pExpr->pRight.  The Y is also optional.  If there is no
-    ** ELSE clause and no other term matches, then the result of the
-    ** exprssion is NULL.
-    ** Ei is in pExpr->pList->a[i*2] and Ri is pExpr->pList->a[i*2+1].
-    **
-    ** The result of the expression is the Ri for the first matching Ei,
-    ** or if there is no matching Ei, the ELSE term Y, or if there is
-    ** no ELSE term, NULL.
-    */
-    default: assert( op==TK_CASE ); {
-      int endLabel;                     /* GOTO label for end of CASE stmt */
-      int nextCase;                     /* GOTO label for next WHEN clause */
-      int nExpr;                        /* 2x number of WHEN terms */
-      int i;                            /* Loop counter */
-      ExprList *pEList;                 /* List of WHEN terms */
-      struct ExprList_item *aListelem;  /* Array of WHEN terms */
-      Expr opCompare;                   /* The X==Ei expression */
-      Expr cacheX;                      /* Cached expression X */
-      Expr *pX;                         /* The X expression */
-      Expr *pTest = 0;                  /* X==Ei (form A) or just Ei (form B) */
-      VVA_ONLY( int iCacheLevel = pParse->iCacheLevel; )
-
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) && pExpr->x.pList );
-      assert((pExpr->x.pList->nExpr % 2) == 0);
-      assert(pExpr->x.pList->nExpr > 0);
-      pEList = pExpr->x.pList;
-      aListelem = pEList->a;
-      nExpr = pEList->nExpr;
-      endLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      if( (pX = pExpr->pLeft)!=0 ){
-        cacheX = *pX;
-        testcase( pX->op==TK_COLUMN );
-        testcase( pX->op==TK_REGISTER );
-        cacheX.iTable = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pX, &regFree1);
-        testcase( regFree1==0 );
-        cacheX.op = TK_REGISTER;
-        opCompare.op = TK_EQ;
-        opCompare.pLeft = &cacheX;
-        pTest = &opCompare;
-      }
-      for(i=0; i<nExpr; i=i+2){
-        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
-        if( pX ){
-          assert( pTest!=0 );
-          opCompare.pRight = aListelem[i].pExpr;
-        }else{
-          pTest = aListelem[i].pExpr;
-        }
-        nextCase = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-        testcase( pTest->op==TK_COLUMN );
-        sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pTest, nextCase, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-        testcase( aListelem[i+1].pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
-        testcase( aListelem[i+1].pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER );
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, aListelem[i+1].pExpr, target);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, endLabel);
-        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);
-        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, nextCase);
-      }
-      if( pExpr->pRight ){
-        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pRight, target);
-        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
-      }
-      assert( db->mallocFailed || pParse->nErr>0 
-           || pParse->iCacheLevel==iCacheLevel );
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endLabel);
-      break;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-    case TK_RAISE: {
-      assert( pExpr->affinity==OE_Rollback 
-           || pExpr->affinity==OE_Abort
-           || pExpr->affinity==OE_Fail
-           || pExpr->affinity==OE_Ignore
-      );
-      if( !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
-                       "RAISE() may only be used within a trigger-program");
-        return 0;
-      }
-      if( pExpr->affinity==OE_Abort ){
-        sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
-      }
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-      if( pExpr->affinity==OE_Ignore ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(
-            v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_OK, OE_Ignore, 0, pExpr->u.zToken,0);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3HaltConstraint(pParse, pExpr->affinity, pExpr->u.zToken, 0);
-      }
-
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);
-  return inReg;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code to evaluate an expression and store the results
-** into a register.  Return the register number where the results
-** are stored.
-**
-** If the register is a temporary register that can be deallocated,
-** then write its number into *pReg.  If the result register is not
-** a temporary, then set *pReg to zero.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int *pReg){
-  int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  int r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, r1);
-  if( r2==r1 ){
-    *pReg = r1;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-    *pReg = 0;
-  }
-  return r2;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will evaluate expression pExpr and store the
-** results in register target.  The results are guaranteed to appear
-** in register target.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCode(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
-  int inReg;
-
-  assert( target>0 && target<=pParse->nMem );
-  inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target);
-  assert( pParse->pVdbe || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
-  if( inReg!=target && pParse->pVdbe ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_SCopy, inReg, target);
-  }
-  return target;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that evalutes the given expression and puts the result
-** in register target.
-**
-** Also make a copy of the expression results into another "cache" register
-** and modify the expression so that the next time it is evaluated,
-** the result is a copy of the cache register.
-**
-** This routine is used for expressions that are used multiple 
-** times.  They are evaluated once and the results of the expression
-** are reused.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int inReg;
-  inReg = sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr, target);
-  assert( target>0 );
-  /* This routine is called for terms to INSERT or UPDATE.  And the only
-  ** other place where expressions can be converted into TK_REGISTER is
-  ** in WHERE clause processing.  So as currently implemented, there is
-  ** no way for a TK_REGISTER to exist here.  But it seems prudent to
-  ** keep the ALWAYS() in case the conditions above change with future
-  ** modifications or enhancements. */
-  if( ALWAYS(pExpr->op!=TK_REGISTER) ){  
-    int iMem;
-    iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, inReg, iMem);
-    pExpr->iTable = iMem;
-    pExpr->op2 = pExpr->op;
-    pExpr->op = TK_REGISTER;
-  }
-  return inReg;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if pExpr is an constant expression that is appropriate
-** for factoring out of a loop.  Appropriate expressions are:
-**
-**    *  Any expression that evaluates to two or more opcodes.
-**
-**    *  Any OP_Integer, OP_Real, OP_String, OP_Blob, OP_Null, 
-**       or OP_Variable that does not need to be placed in a 
-**       specific register.
-**
-** There is no point in factoring out single-instruction constant
-** expressions that need to be placed in a particular register.  
-** We could factor them out, but then we would end up adding an
-** OP_SCopy instruction to move the value into the correct register
-** later.  We might as well just use the original instruction and
-** avoid the OP_SCopy.
-*/
-static int isAppropriateForFactoring(Expr *p){
-  if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(p) ){
-    return 0;  /* Only constant expressions are appropriate for factoring */
-  }
-  if( (p->flags & EP_FixedDest)==0 ){
-    return 1;  /* Any constant without a fixed destination is appropriate */
-  }
-  while( p->op==TK_UPLUS ) p = p->pLeft;
-  switch( p->op ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
-    case TK_BLOB:
-#endif
-    case TK_VARIABLE:
-    case TK_INTEGER:
-    case TK_FLOAT:
-    case TK_NULL:
-    case TK_STRING: {
-      testcase( p->op==TK_BLOB );
-      testcase( p->op==TK_VARIABLE );
-      testcase( p->op==TK_INTEGER );
-      testcase( p->op==TK_FLOAT );
-      testcase( p->op==TK_NULL );
-      testcase( p->op==TK_STRING );
-      /* Single-instruction constants with a fixed destination are
-      ** better done in-line.  If we factor them, they will just end
-      ** up generating an OP_SCopy to move the value to the destination
-      ** register. */
-      return 0;
-    }
-    case TK_UMINUS: {
-      if( p->pLeft->op==TK_FLOAT || p->pLeft->op==TK_INTEGER ){
-        return 0;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** If pExpr is a constant expression that is appropriate for
-** factoring out of a loop, then evaluate the expression
-** into a register and convert the expression into a TK_REGISTER
-** expression.
-*/
-static int evalConstExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
-  Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
-  switch( pExpr->op ){
-    case TK_IN:
-    case TK_REGISTER: {
-      return WRC_Prune;
-    }
-    case TK_FUNCTION:
-    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
-    case TK_CONST_FUNC: {
-      /* The arguments to a function have a fixed destination.
-      ** Mark them this way to avoid generated unneeded OP_SCopy
-      ** instructions. 
-      */
-      ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-      if( pList ){
-        int i = pList->nExpr;
-        struct ExprList_item *pItem = pList->a;
-        for(; i>0; i--, pItem++){
-          if( ALWAYS(pItem->pExpr) ) pItem->pExpr->flags |= EP_FixedDest;
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  if( isAppropriateForFactoring(pExpr) ){
-    int r1 = ++pParse->nMem;
-    int r2;
-    r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, r1);
-    if( NEVER(r1!=r2) ) sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-    pExpr->op2 = pExpr->op;
-    pExpr->op = TK_REGISTER;
-    pExpr->iTable = r2;
-    return WRC_Prune;
-  }
-  return WRC_Continue;
-}
-
-/*
-** Preevaluate constant subexpressions within pExpr and store the
-** results in registers.  Modify pExpr so that the constant subexpresions
-** are TK_REGISTER opcodes that refer to the precomputed values.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeConstants(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
-  Walker w;
-  w.xExprCallback = evalConstExpr;
-  w.xSelectCallback = 0;
-  w.pParse = pParse;
-  sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Generate code that pushes the value of every element of the given
-** expression list into a sequence of registers beginning at target.
-**
-** Return the number of elements evaluated.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
-  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
-  ExprList *pList,   /* The expression list to be coded */
-  int target,        /* Where to write results */
-  int doHardCopy     /* Make a hard copy of every element */
-){
-  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-  int i, n;
-  assert( pList!=0 );
-  assert( target>0 );
-  n = pList->nExpr;
-  for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<n; i++, pItem++){
-    if( pItem->iAlias ){
-      int iReg = codeAlias(pParse, pItem->iAlias, pItem->pExpr, target+i);
-      Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-      if( iReg!=target+i ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, iReg, target+i);
-      }
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pItem->pExpr, target+i);
-    }
-    if( doHardCopy && !pParse->db->mallocFailed ){
-      sqlite3ExprHardCopy(pParse, target, n);
-    }
-  }
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code for a BETWEEN operator.
-**
-**    x BETWEEN y AND z
-**
-** The above is equivalent to 
-**
-**    x>=y AND x<=z
-**
-** Code it as such, taking care to do the common subexpression
-** elementation of x.
-*/
-static void exprCodeBetween(
-  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing and code generating context */
-  Expr *pExpr,      /* The BETWEEN expression */
-  int dest,         /* Jump here if the jump is taken */
-  int jumpIfTrue,   /* Take the jump if the BETWEEN is true */
-  int jumpIfNull    /* Take the jump if the BETWEEN is NULL */
-){
-  Expr exprAnd;     /* The AND operator in  x>=y AND x<=z  */
-  Expr compLeft;    /* The  x>=y  term */
-  Expr compRight;   /* The  x<=z  term */
-  Expr exprX;       /* The  x  subexpression */
-  int regFree1 = 0; /* Temporary use register */
-
-  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-  exprX = *pExpr->pLeft;
-  exprAnd.op = TK_AND;
-  exprAnd.pLeft = &compLeft;
-  exprAnd.pRight = &compRight;
-  compLeft.op = TK_GE;
-  compLeft.pLeft = &exprX;
-  compLeft.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
-  compRight.op = TK_LE;
-  compRight.pLeft = &exprX;
-  compRight.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
-  exprX.iTable = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, &exprX, &regFree1);
-  exprX.op = TK_REGISTER;
-  if( jumpIfTrue ){
-    sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, &exprAnd, dest, jumpIfNull);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, &exprAnd, dest, jumpIfNull);
-  }
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
-
-  /* Ensure adequate test coverage */
-  testcase( jumpIfTrue==0 && jumpIfNull==0 && regFree1==0 );
-  testcase( jumpIfTrue==0 && jumpIfNull==0 && regFree1!=0 );
-  testcase( jumpIfTrue==0 && jumpIfNull!=0 && regFree1==0 );
-  testcase( jumpIfTrue==0 && jumpIfNull!=0 && regFree1!=0 );
-  testcase( jumpIfTrue!=0 && jumpIfNull==0 && regFree1==0 );
-  testcase( jumpIfTrue!=0 && jumpIfNull==0 && regFree1!=0 );
-  testcase( jumpIfTrue!=0 && jumpIfNull!=0 && regFree1==0 );
-  testcase( jumpIfTrue!=0 && jumpIfNull!=0 && regFree1!=0 );
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code for a boolean expression such that a jump is made
-** to the label "dest" if the expression is true but execution
-** continues straight thru if the expression is false.
-**
-** If the expression evaluates to NULL (neither true nor false), then
-** take the jump if the jumpIfNull flag is SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL.
-**
-** This code depends on the fact that certain token values (ex: TK_EQ)
-** are the same as opcode values (ex: OP_Eq) that implement the corresponding
-** operation.  Special comments in vdbe.c and the mkopcodeh.awk script in
-** the make process cause these values to align.  Assert()s in the code
-** below verify that the numbers are aligned correctly.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int jumpIfNull){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int op = 0;
-  int regFree1 = 0;
-  int regFree2 = 0;
-  int r1, r2;
-
-  assert( jumpIfNull==SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL || jumpIfNull==0 );
-  if( NEVER(v==0) )     return;  /* Existance of VDBE checked by caller */
-  if( NEVER(pExpr==0) ) return;  /* No way this can happen */
-  op = pExpr->op;
-  switch( op ){
-    case TK_AND: {
-      int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, d2,jumpIfNull^SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);
-      sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_OR: {
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_NOT: {
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_LT:
-    case TK_LE:
-    case TK_GT:
-    case TK_GE:
-    case TK_NE:
-    case TK_EQ: {
-      assert( TK_LT==OP_Lt );
-      assert( TK_LE==OP_Le );
-      assert( TK_GT==OP_Gt );
-      assert( TK_GE==OP_Ge );
-      assert( TK_EQ==OP_Eq );
-      assert( TK_NE==OP_Ne );
-      testcase( op==TK_LT );
-      testcase( op==TK_LE );
-      testcase( op==TK_GT );
-      testcase( op==TK_GE );
-      testcase( op==TK_EQ );
-      testcase( op==TK_NE );
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
-      codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
-                  r1, r2, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      testcase( regFree2==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_IS:
-    case TK_ISNOT: {
-      testcase( op==TK_IS );
-      testcase( op==TK_ISNOT );
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
-      op = (op==TK_IS) ? TK_EQ : TK_NE;
-      codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
-                  r1, r2, dest, SQLITE_NULLEQ);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      testcase( regFree2==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_ISNULL:
-    case TK_NOTNULL: {
-      assert( TK_ISNULL==OP_IsNull );
-      assert( TK_NOTNULL==OP_NotNull );
-      testcase( op==TK_ISNULL );
-      testcase( op==TK_NOTNULL );
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, op, r1, dest);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_BETWEEN: {
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      exprCodeBetween(pParse, pExpr, dest, 1, jumpIfNull);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_IN: {
-      int destIfFalse = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      int destIfNull = jumpIfNull ? dest : destIfFalse;
-      sqlite3ExprCodeIN(pParse, pExpr, destIfFalse, destIfNull);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, dest);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, destIfFalse);
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr, &regFree1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_If, r1, dest, jumpIfNull!=0);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);  
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code for a boolean expression such that a jump is made
-** to the label "dest" if the expression is false but execution
-** continues straight thru if the expression is true.
-**
-** If the expression evaluates to NULL (neither true nor false) then
-** jump if jumpIfNull is SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL or fall through if jumpIfNull
-** is 0.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int jumpIfNull){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int op = 0;
-  int regFree1 = 0;
-  int regFree2 = 0;
-  int r1, r2;
-
-  assert( jumpIfNull==SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL || jumpIfNull==0 );
-  if( NEVER(v==0) ) return; /* Existance of VDBE checked by caller */
-  if( pExpr==0 )    return;
-
-  /* The value of pExpr->op and op are related as follows:
-  **
-  **       pExpr->op            op
-  **       ---------          ----------
-  **       TK_ISNULL          OP_NotNull
-  **       TK_NOTNULL         OP_IsNull
-  **       TK_NE              OP_Eq
-  **       TK_EQ              OP_Ne
-  **       TK_GT              OP_Le
-  **       TK_LE              OP_Gt
-  **       TK_GE              OP_Lt
-  **       TK_LT              OP_Ge
-  **
-  ** For other values of pExpr->op, op is undefined and unused.
-  ** The value of TK_ and OP_ constants are arranged such that we
-  ** can compute the mapping above using the following expression.
-  ** Assert()s verify that the computation is correct.
-  */
-  op = ((pExpr->op+(TK_ISNULL&1))^1)-(TK_ISNULL&1);
-
-  /* Verify correct alignment of TK_ and OP_ constants
-  */
-  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_ISNULL || op==OP_NotNull );
-  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_NOTNULL || op==OP_IsNull );
-  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_NE || op==OP_Eq );
-  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_EQ || op==OP_Ne );
-  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_LT || op==OP_Ge );
-  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_LE || op==OP_Gt );
-  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_GT || op==OP_Le );
-  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_GE || op==OP_Lt );
-
-  switch( pExpr->op ){
-    case TK_AND: {
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_OR: {
-      int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
-      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, d2, jumpIfNull^SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);
-      sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_NOT: {
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_LT:
-    case TK_LE:
-    case TK_GT:
-    case TK_GE:
-    case TK_NE:
-    case TK_EQ: {
-      testcase( op==TK_LT );
-      testcase( op==TK_LE );
-      testcase( op==TK_GT );
-      testcase( op==TK_GE );
-      testcase( op==TK_EQ );
-      testcase( op==TK_NE );
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
-      codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
-                  r1, r2, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      testcase( regFree2==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_IS:
-    case TK_ISNOT: {
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IS );
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT );
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
-      op = (pExpr->op==TK_IS) ? TK_NE : TK_EQ;
-      codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
-                  r1, r2, dest, SQLITE_NULLEQ);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      testcase( regFree2==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_ISNULL:
-    case TK_NOTNULL: {
-      testcase( op==TK_ISNULL );
-      testcase( op==TK_NOTNULL );
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, op, r1, dest);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_BETWEEN: {
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      exprCodeBetween(pParse, pExpr, dest, 0, jumpIfNull);
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_IN: {
-      if( jumpIfNull ){
-        sqlite3ExprCodeIN(pParse, pExpr, dest, dest);
-      }else{
-        int destIfNull = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-        sqlite3ExprCodeIN(pParse, pExpr, dest, destIfNull);
-        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, destIfNull);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr, &regFree1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfNot, r1, dest, jumpIfNull!=0);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);
-}
-
-/*
-** Do a deep comparison of two expression trees.  Return 0 if the two
-** expressions are completely identical.  Return 1 if they differ only
-** by a COLLATE operator at the top level.  Return 2 if there are differences
-** other than the top-level COLLATE operator.
-**
-** Sometimes this routine will return 2 even if the two expressions
-** really are equivalent.  If we cannot prove that the expressions are
-** identical, we return 2 just to be safe.  So if this routine
-** returns 2, then you do not really know for certain if the two
-** expressions are the same.  But if you get a 0 or 1 return, then you
-** can be sure the expressions are the same.  In the places where
-** this routine is used, it does not hurt to get an extra 2 - that
-** just might result in some slightly slower code.  But returning
-** an incorrect 0 or 1 could lead to a malfunction.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr *pA, Expr *pB){
-  int i;
-  if( pA==0||pB==0 ){
-    return pB==pA ? 0 : 2;
-  }
-  assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pA, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
-  assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pB, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pA, EP_xIsSelect) || ExprHasProperty(pB, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-    return 2;
-  }
-  if( (pA->flags & EP_Distinct)!=(pB->flags & EP_Distinct) ) return 2;
-  if( pA->op!=pB->op ) return 2;
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pLeft, pB->pLeft) ) return 2;
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pRight, pB->pRight) ) return 2;
-
-  if( pA->x.pList && pB->x.pList ){
-    if( pA->x.pList->nExpr!=pB->x.pList->nExpr ) return 2;
-    for(i=0; i<pA->x.pList->nExpr; i++){
-      Expr *pExprA = pA->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
-      Expr *pExprB = pB->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
-      if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pExprA, pExprB) ) return 2;
-    }
-  }else if( pA->x.pList || pB->x.pList ){
-    return 2;
-  }
-
-  if( pA->iTable!=pB->iTable || pA->iColumn!=pB->iColumn ) return 2;
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pA, EP_IntValue) ){
-    if( !ExprHasProperty(pB, EP_IntValue) || pA->u.iValue!=pB->u.iValue ){
-      return 2;
-    }
-  }else if( pA->op!=TK_COLUMN && pA->u.zToken ){
-    if( ExprHasProperty(pB, EP_IntValue) || NEVER(pB->u.zToken==0) ) return 2;
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(pA->u.zToken,pB->u.zToken)!=0 ){
-      return 2;
-    }
-  }
-  if( (pA->flags & EP_ExpCollate)!=(pB->flags & EP_ExpCollate) ) return 1;
-  if( (pA->flags & EP_ExpCollate)!=0 && pA->pColl!=pB->pColl ) return 2;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Add a new element to the pAggInfo->aCol[] array.  Return the index of
-** the new element.  Return a negative number if malloc fails.
-*/
-static int addAggInfoColumn(sqlite3 *db, AggInfo *pInfo){
-  int i;
-  pInfo->aCol = sqlite3ArrayAllocate(
-       db,
-       pInfo->aCol,
-       sizeof(pInfo->aCol[0]),
-       3,
-       &pInfo->nColumn,
-       &pInfo->nColumnAlloc,
-       &i
-  );
-  return i;
-}    
-
-/*
-** Add a new element to the pAggInfo->aFunc[] array.  Return the index of
-** the new element.  Return a negative number if malloc fails.
-*/
-static int addAggInfoFunc(sqlite3 *db, AggInfo *pInfo){
-  int i;
-  pInfo->aFunc = sqlite3ArrayAllocate(
-       db, 
-       pInfo->aFunc,
-       sizeof(pInfo->aFunc[0]),
-       3,
-       &pInfo->nFunc,
-       &pInfo->nFuncAlloc,
-       &i
-  );
-  return i;
-}    
-
-/*
-** This is the xExprCallback for a tree walker.  It is used to
-** implement sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates().  See sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates
-** for additional information.
-*/
-static int analyzeAggregate(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
-  int i;
-  NameContext *pNC = pWalker->u.pNC;
-  Parse *pParse = pNC->pParse;
-  SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
-  AggInfo *pAggInfo = pNC->pAggInfo;
-
-  switch( pExpr->op ){
-    case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
-    case TK_COLUMN: {
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN );
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
-      /* Check to see if the column is in one of the tables in the FROM
-      ** clause of the aggregate query */
-      if( ALWAYS(pSrcList!=0) ){
-        struct SrcList_item *pItem = pSrcList->a;
-        for(i=0; i<pSrcList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
-          struct AggInfo_col *pCol;
-          assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
-          if( pExpr->iTable==pItem->iCursor ){
-            /* If we reach this point, it means that pExpr refers to a table
-            ** that is in the FROM clause of the aggregate query.  
-            **
-            ** Make an entry for the column in pAggInfo->aCol[] if there
-            ** is not an entry there already.
-            */
-            int k;
-            pCol = pAggInfo->aCol;
-            for(k=0; k<pAggInfo->nColumn; k++, pCol++){
-              if( pCol->iTable==pExpr->iTable &&
-                  pCol->iColumn==pExpr->iColumn ){
-                break;
-              }
-            }
-            if( (k>=pAggInfo->nColumn)
-             && (k = addAggInfoColumn(pParse->db, pAggInfo))>=0 
-            ){
-              pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[k];
-              pCol->pTab = pExpr->pTab;
-              pCol->iTable = pExpr->iTable;
-              pCol->iColumn = pExpr->iColumn;
-              pCol->iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
-              pCol->iSorterColumn = -1;
-              pCol->pExpr = pExpr;
-              if( pAggInfo->pGroupBy ){
-                int j, n;
-                ExprList *pGB = pAggInfo->pGroupBy;
-                struct ExprList_item *pTerm = pGB->a;
-                n = pGB->nExpr;
-                for(j=0; j<n; j++, pTerm++){
-                  Expr *pE = pTerm->pExpr;
-                  if( pE->op==TK_COLUMN && pE->iTable==pExpr->iTable &&
-                      pE->iColumn==pExpr->iColumn ){
-                    pCol->iSorterColumn = j;
-                    break;
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-              if( pCol->iSorterColumn<0 ){
-                pCol->iSorterColumn = pAggInfo->nSortingColumn++;
-              }
-            }
-            /* There is now an entry for pExpr in pAggInfo->aCol[] (either
-            ** because it was there before or because we just created it).
-            ** Convert the pExpr to be a TK_AGG_COLUMN referring to that
-            ** pAggInfo->aCol[] entry.
-            */
-            ExprSetIrreducible(pExpr);
-            pExpr->pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
-            pExpr->op = TK_AGG_COLUMN;
-            pExpr->iAgg = (i16)k;
-            break;
-          } /* endif pExpr->iTable==pItem->iCursor */
-        } /* end loop over pSrcList */
-      }
-      return WRC_Prune;
-    }
-    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION: {
-      /* The pNC->nDepth==0 test causes aggregate functions in subqueries
-      ** to be ignored */
-      if( pNC->nDepth==0 ){
-        /* Check to see if pExpr is a duplicate of another aggregate 
-        ** function that is already in the pAggInfo structure
-        */
-        struct AggInfo_func *pItem = pAggInfo->aFunc;
-        for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pItem++){
-          if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pItem->pExpr, pExpr)==0 ){
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        if( i>=pAggInfo->nFunc ){
-          /* pExpr is original.  Make a new entry in pAggInfo->aFunc[]
-          */
-          u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);
-          i = addAggInfoFunc(pParse->db, pAggInfo);
-          if( i>=0 ){
-            assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-            pItem = &pAggInfo->aFunc[i];
-            pItem->pExpr = pExpr;
-            pItem->iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
-            assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-            pItem->pFunc = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db,
-                   pExpr->u.zToken, sqlite3Strlen30(pExpr->u.zToken),
-                   pExpr->x.pList ? pExpr->x.pList->nExpr : 0, enc, 0);
-            if( pExpr->flags & EP_Distinct ){
-              pItem->iDistinct = pParse->nTab++;
-            }else{
-              pItem->iDistinct = -1;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        /* Make pExpr point to the appropriate pAggInfo->aFunc[] entry
-        */
-        assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
-        ExprSetIrreducible(pExpr);
-        pExpr->iAgg = (i16)i;
-        pExpr->pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
-        return WRC_Prune;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return WRC_Continue;
-}
-static int analyzeAggregatesInSelect(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
-  NameContext *pNC = pWalker->u.pNC;
-  if( pNC->nDepth==0 ){
-    pNC->nDepth++;
-    sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pSelect);
-    pNC->nDepth--;
-    return WRC_Prune;
-  }else{
-    return WRC_Continue;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Analyze the given expression looking for aggregate functions and
-** for variables that need to be added to the pParse->aAgg[] array.
-** Make additional entries to the pParse->aAgg[] array as necessary.
-**
-** This routine should only be called after the expression has been
-** analyzed by sqlite3ResolveExprNames().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext *pNC, Expr *pExpr){
-  Walker w;
-  w.xExprCallback = analyzeAggregate;
-  w.xSelectCallback = analyzeAggregatesInSelect;
-  w.u.pNC = pNC;
-  assert( pNC->pSrcList!=0 );
-  sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr);
-}
-
-/*
-** Call sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates() for every expression in an
-** expression list.  Return the number of errors.
-**
-** If an error is found, the analysis is cut short.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext *pNC, ExprList *pList){
-  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-  int i;
-  if( pList ){
-    for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
-      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(pNC, pItem->pExpr);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate a single new register for use to hold some intermediate result.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse *pParse){
-  if( pParse->nTempReg==0 ){
-    return ++pParse->nMem;
-  }
-  return pParse->aTempReg[--pParse->nTempReg];
-}
-
-/*
-** Deallocate a register, making available for reuse for some other
-** purpose.
-**
-** If a register is currently being used by the column cache, then
-** the dallocation is deferred until the column cache line that uses
-** the register becomes stale.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse *pParse, int iReg){
-  if( iReg && pParse->nTempReg<ArraySize(pParse->aTempReg) ){
-    int i;
-    struct yColCache *p;
-    for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
-      if( p->iReg==iReg ){
-        p->tempReg = 1;
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-    pParse->aTempReg[pParse->nTempReg++] = iReg;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate or deallocate a block of nReg consecutive registers
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse *pParse, int nReg){
-  int i, n;
-  i = pParse->iRangeReg;
-  n = pParse->nRangeReg;
-  if( nReg<=n ){
-    assert( !usedAsColumnCache(pParse, i, i+n-1) );
-    pParse->iRangeReg += nReg;
-    pParse->nRangeReg -= nReg;
-  }else{
-    i = pParse->nMem+1;
-    pParse->nMem += nReg;
-  }
-  return i;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse *pParse, int iReg, int nReg){
-  sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, iReg, nReg);
-  if( nReg>pParse->nRangeReg ){
-    pParse->nRangeReg = nReg;
-    pParse->iRangeReg = iReg;
-  }
-}
-
-/************** End of expr.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file alter.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2005 February 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains C code routines that used to generate VDBE code
-** that implements the ALTER TABLE command.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The code in this file only exists if we are not omitting the
-** ALTER TABLE logic from the build.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
-
-
-/*
-** This function is used by SQL generated to implement the 
-** ALTER TABLE command. The first argument is the text of a CREATE TABLE or
-** CREATE INDEX command. The second is a table name. The table name in 
-** the CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement is replaced with the third
-** argument and the result returned. Examples:
-**
-** sqlite_rename_table('CREATE TABLE abc(a, b, c)', 'def')
-**     -> 'CREATE TABLE def(a, b, c)'
-**
-** sqlite_rename_table('CREATE INDEX i ON abc(a)', 'def')
-**     -> 'CREATE INDEX i ON def(a, b, c)'
-*/
-static void renameTableFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  unsigned char const *zSql = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  unsigned char const *zTableName = sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-
-  int token;
-  Token tname;
-  unsigned char const *zCsr = zSql;
-  int len = 0;
-  char *zRet;
-
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-
-  /* The principle used to locate the table name in the CREATE TABLE 
-  ** statement is that the table name is the first non-space token that
-  ** is immediately followed by a TK_LP or TK_USING token.
-  */
-  if( zSql ){
-    do {
-      if( !*zCsr ){
-        /* Ran out of input before finding an opening bracket. Return NULL. */
-        return;
-      }
-
-      /* Store the token that zCsr points to in tname. */
-      tname.z = (char*)zCsr;
-      tname.n = len;
-
-      /* Advance zCsr to the next token. Store that token type in 'token',
-      ** and its length in 'len' (to be used next iteration of this loop).
-      */
-      do {
-        zCsr += len;
-        len = sqlite3GetToken(zCsr, &token);
-      } while( token==TK_SPACE );
-      assert( len>0 );
-    } while( token!=TK_LP && token!=TK_USING );
-
-    zRet = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%.*s\"%w\"%s", ((u8*)tname.z) - zSql, zSql, 
-       zTableName, tname.z+tname.n);
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, zRet, -1, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This C function implements an SQL user function that is used by SQL code
-** generated by the ALTER TABLE ... RENAME command to modify the definition
-** of any foreign key constraints that use the table being renamed as the 
-** parent table. It is passed three arguments:
-**
-**   1) The complete text of the CREATE TABLE statement being modified,
-**   2) The old name of the table being renamed, and
-**   3) The new name of the table being renamed.
-**
-** It returns the new CREATE TABLE statement. For example:
-**
-**   sqlite_rename_parent('CREATE TABLE t1(a REFERENCES t2)', 't2', 't3')
-**       -> 'CREATE TABLE t1(a REFERENCES t3)'
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-static void renameParentFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  char *zOutput = 0;
-  char *zResult;
-  unsigned char const *zInput = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  unsigned char const *zOld = sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-  unsigned char const *zNew = sqlite3_value_text(argv[2]);
-
-  unsigned const char *z;         /* Pointer to token */
-  int n;                          /* Length of token z */
-  int token;                      /* Type of token */
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  for(z=zInput; *z; z=z+n){
-    n = sqlite3GetToken(z, &token);
-    if( token==TK_REFERENCES ){
-      char *zParent;
-      do {
-        z += n;
-        n = sqlite3GetToken(z, &token);
-      }while( token==TK_SPACE );
-
-      zParent = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (const char *)z, n);
-      if( zParent==0 ) break;
-      sqlite3Dequote(zParent);
-      if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp((const char *)zOld, zParent) ){
-        char *zOut = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s%.*s\"%w\"", 
-            (zOutput?zOutput:""), z-zInput, zInput, (const char *)zNew
-        );
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, zOutput);
-        zOutput = zOut;
-        zInput = &z[n];
-      }
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zParent);
-    }
-  }
-
-  zResult = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s%s", (zOutput?zOutput:""), zInput), 
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, zResult, -1, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zOutput);
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-/* This function is used by SQL generated to implement the
-** ALTER TABLE command. The first argument is the text of a CREATE TRIGGER 
-** statement. The second is a table name. The table name in the CREATE 
-** TRIGGER statement is replaced with the third argument and the result 
-** returned. This is analagous to renameTableFunc() above, except for CREATE
-** TRIGGER, not CREATE INDEX and CREATE TABLE.
-*/
-static void renameTriggerFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  unsigned char const *zSql = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  unsigned char const *zTableName = sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-
-  int token;
-  Token tname;
-  int dist = 3;
-  unsigned char const *zCsr = zSql;
-  int len = 0;
-  char *zRet;
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-
-  /* The principle used to locate the table name in the CREATE TRIGGER 
-  ** statement is that the table name is the first token that is immediatedly
-  ** preceded by either TK_ON or TK_DOT and immediatedly followed by one
-  ** of TK_WHEN, TK_BEGIN or TK_FOR.
-  */
-  if( zSql ){
-    do {
-
-      if( !*zCsr ){
-        /* Ran out of input before finding the table name. Return NULL. */
-        return;
-      }
-
-      /* Store the token that zCsr points to in tname. */
-      tname.z = (char*)zCsr;
-      tname.n = len;
-
-      /* Advance zCsr to the next token. Store that token type in 'token',
-      ** and its length in 'len' (to be used next iteration of this loop).
-      */
-      do {
-        zCsr += len;
-        len = sqlite3GetToken(zCsr, &token);
-      }while( token==TK_SPACE );
-      assert( len>0 );
-
-      /* Variable 'dist' stores the number of tokens read since the most
-      ** recent TK_DOT or TK_ON. This means that when a WHEN, FOR or BEGIN 
-      ** token is read and 'dist' equals 2, the condition stated above
-      ** to be met.
-      **
-      ** Note that ON cannot be a database, table or column name, so
-      ** there is no need to worry about syntax like 
-      ** "CREATE TRIGGER ... ON ON.ON BEGIN ..." etc.
-      */
-      dist++;
-      if( token==TK_DOT || token==TK_ON ){
-        dist = 0;
-      }
-    } while( dist!=2 || (token!=TK_WHEN && token!=TK_FOR && token!=TK_BEGIN) );
-
-    /* Variable tname now contains the token that is the old table-name
-    ** in the CREATE TRIGGER statement.
-    */
-    zRet = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%.*s\"%w\"%s", ((u8*)tname.z) - zSql, zSql, 
-       zTableName, tname.z+tname.n);
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, zRet, -1, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
-  }
-}
-#endif   /* !SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */
-
-/*
-** Register built-in functions used to help implement ALTER TABLE
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFunctions(sqlite3 *db){
-  sqlite3CreateFunc(db, "sqlite_rename_table", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                         renameTableFunc, 0, 0);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  sqlite3CreateFunc(db, "sqlite_rename_trigger", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                         renameTriggerFunc, 0, 0);
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-  sqlite3CreateFunc(db, "sqlite_rename_parent", 3, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                         renameParentFunc, 0, 0);
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is used to create the text of expressions of the form:
-**
-**   name=<constant1> OR name=<constant2> OR ...
-**
-** If argument zWhere is NULL, then a pointer string containing the text 
-** "name=<constant>" is returned, where <constant> is the quoted version
-** of the string passed as argument zConstant. The returned buffer is
-** allocated using sqlite3DbMalloc(). It is the responsibility of the
-** caller to ensure that it is eventually freed.
-**
-** If argument zWhere is not NULL, then the string returned is 
-** "<where> OR name=<constant>", where <where> is the contents of zWhere.
-** In this case zWhere is passed to sqlite3DbFree() before returning.
-** 
-*/
-static char *whereOrName(sqlite3 *db, char *zWhere, char *zConstant){
-  char *zNew;
-  if( !zWhere ){
-    zNew = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name=%Q", zConstant);
-  }else{
-    zNew = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s OR name=%Q", zWhere, zConstant);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zWhere);
-  }
-  return zNew;
-}
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-/*
-** Generate the text of a WHERE expression which can be used to select all
-** tables that have foreign key constraints that refer to table pTab (i.e.
-** constraints for which pTab is the parent table) from the sqlite_master
-** table.
-*/
-static char *whereForeignKeys(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
-  FKey *p;
-  char *zWhere = 0;
-  for(p=sqlite3FkReferences(pTab); p; p=p->pNextTo){
-    zWhere = whereOrName(pParse->db, zWhere, p->pFrom->zName);
-  }
-  return zWhere;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Generate the text of a WHERE expression which can be used to select all
-** temporary triggers on table pTab from the sqlite_temp_master table. If
-** table pTab has no temporary triggers, or is itself stored in the 
-** temporary database, NULL is returned.
-*/
-static char *whereTempTriggers(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
-  Trigger *pTrig;
-  char *zWhere = 0;
-  const Schema *pTempSchema = pParse->db->aDb[1].pSchema; /* Temp db schema */
-
-  /* If the table is not located in the temp-db (in which case NULL is 
-  ** returned, loop through the tables list of triggers. For each trigger
-  ** that is not part of the temp-db schema, add a clause to the WHERE 
-  ** expression being built up in zWhere.
-  */
-  if( pTab->pSchema!=pTempSchema ){
-    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-    for(pTrig=sqlite3TriggerList(pParse, pTab); pTrig; pTrig=pTrig->pNext){
-      if( pTrig->pSchema==pTempSchema ){
-        zWhere = whereOrName(db, zWhere, pTrig->zName);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return zWhere;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code to drop and reload the internal representation of table
-** pTab from the database, including triggers and temporary triggers.
-** Argument zName is the name of the table in the database schema at
-** the time the generated code is executed. This can be different from
-** pTab->zName if this function is being called to code part of an 
-** "ALTER TABLE RENAME TO" statement.
-*/
-static void reloadTableSchema(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, const char *zName){
-  Vdbe *v;
-  char *zWhere;
-  int iDb;                   /* Index of database containing pTab */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  Trigger *pTrig;
-#endif
-
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( NEVER(v==0) ) return;
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(pParse->db) );
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-  assert( iDb>=0 );
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  /* Drop any table triggers from the internal schema. */
-  for(pTrig=sqlite3TriggerList(pParse, pTab); pTrig; pTrig=pTrig->pNext){
-    int iTrigDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTrig->pSchema);
-    assert( iTrigDb==iDb || iTrigDb==1 );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTrigger, iTrigDb, 0, 0, pTrig->zName, 0);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Drop the table and index from the internal schema.  */
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTable, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
-
-  /* Reload the table, index and permanent trigger schemas. */
-  zWhere = sqlite3MPrintf(pParse->db, "tbl_name=%Q", zName);
-  if( !zWhere ) return;
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0, zWhere, P4_DYNAMIC);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  /* Now, if the table is not stored in the temp database, reload any temp 
-  ** triggers. Don't use IN(...) in case SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY is defined. 
-  */
-  if( (zWhere=whereTempTriggers(pParse, pTab))!=0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, 1, 0, 0, zWhere, P4_DYNAMIC);
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code to implement the "ALTER TABLE xxx RENAME TO yyy" 
-** command. 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(
-  Parse *pParse,            /* Parser context. */
-  SrcList *pSrc,            /* The table to rename. */
-  Token *pName              /* The new table name. */
-){
-  int iDb;                  /* Database that contains the table */
-  char *zDb;                /* Name of database iDb */
-  Table *pTab;              /* Table being renamed */
-  char *zName = 0;          /* NULL-terminated version of pName */ 
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db; /* Database connection */
-  int nTabName;             /* Number of UTF-8 characters in zTabName */
-  const char *zTabName;     /* Original name of the table */
-  Vdbe *v;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  char *zWhere = 0;         /* Where clause to locate temp triggers */
-#endif
-  VTable *pVTab = 0;        /* Non-zero if this is a v-tab with an xRename() */
-  
-  if( NEVER(db->mallocFailed) ) goto exit_rename_table;
-  assert( pSrc->nSrc==1 );
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(pParse->db) );
-
-  pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, pSrc->a[0].zName, pSrc->a[0].zDatabase);
-  if( !pTab ) goto exit_rename_table;
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-
-  /* Get a NULL terminated version of the new table name. */
-  zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
-  if( !zName ) goto exit_rename_table;
-
-  /* Check that a table or index named 'zName' does not already exist
-  ** in database iDb. If so, this is an error.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, zDb) || sqlite3FindIndex(db, zName, zDb) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-        "there is already another table or index with this name: %s", zName);
-    goto exit_rename_table;
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure it is not a system table being altered, or a reserved name
-  ** that the table is being renamed to.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3Strlen30(pTab->zName)>6 
-   && 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)
-  ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be altered", pTab->zName);
-    goto exit_rename_table;
-  }
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName) ){
-    goto exit_rename_table;
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-  if( pTab->pSelect ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "view %s may not be altered", pTab->zName);
-    goto exit_rename_table;
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  /* Invoke the authorization callback. */
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE, zDb, pTab->zName, 0) ){
-    goto exit_rename_table;
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
-    goto exit_rename_table;
-  }
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-    pVTab = sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab);
-    if( pVTab->pVtab->pModule->xRename==0 ){
-      pVTab = 0;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Begin a transaction and code the VerifyCookie for database iDb. 
-  ** Then modify the schema cookie (since the ALTER TABLE modifies the
-  ** schema). Open a statement transaction if the table is a virtual
-  ** table.
-  */
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v==0 ){
-    goto exit_rename_table;
-  }
-  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, pVTab!=0, iDb);
-  sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
-
-  /* If this is a virtual table, invoke the xRename() function if
-  ** one is defined. The xRename() callback will modify the names
-  ** of any resources used by the v-table implementation (including other
-  ** SQLite tables) that are identified by the name of the virtual table.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if( pVTab ){
-    int i = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, i, 0, zName, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VRename, i, 0, 0,(const char*)pVTab, P4_VTAB);
-    sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* figure out how many UTF-8 characters are in zName */
-  zTabName = pTab->zName;
-  nTabName = sqlite3Utf8CharLen(zTabName, -1);
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-  if( db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
-    /* If foreign-key support is enabled, rewrite the CREATE TABLE 
-    ** statements corresponding to all child tables of foreign key constraints
-    ** for which the renamed table is the parent table.  */
-    if( (zWhere=whereForeignKeys(pParse, pTab))!=0 ){
-      sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-          "UPDATE \"%w\".%s SET "
-              "sql = sqlite_rename_parent(sql, %Q, %Q) "
-              "WHERE %s;", zDb, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), zTabName, zName, zWhere);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zWhere);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Modify the sqlite_master table to use the new table name. */
-  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-      "UPDATE %Q.%s SET "
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-          "sql = sqlite_rename_table(sql, %Q), "
-#else
-          "sql = CASE "
-            "WHEN type = 'trigger' THEN sqlite_rename_trigger(sql, %Q)"
-            "ELSE sqlite_rename_table(sql, %Q) END, "
-#endif
-          "tbl_name = %Q, "
-          "name = CASE "
-            "WHEN type='table' THEN %Q "
-            "WHEN name LIKE 'sqlite_autoindex%%' AND type='index' THEN "
-             "'sqlite_autoindex_' || %Q || substr(name,%d+18) "
-            "ELSE name END "
-      "WHERE tbl_name=%Q AND "
-          "(type='table' OR type='index' OR type='trigger');", 
-      zDb, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), zName, zName, zName, 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-      zName,
-#endif
-      zName, nTabName, zTabName
-  );
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-  /* If the sqlite_sequence table exists in this database, then update 
-  ** it with the new table name.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_sequence", zDb) ){
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-        "UPDATE \"%w\".sqlite_sequence set name = %Q WHERE name = %Q",
-        zDb, zName, pTab->zName);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  /* If there are TEMP triggers on this table, modify the sqlite_temp_master
-  ** table. Don't do this if the table being ALTERed is itself located in
-  ** the temp database.
-  */
-  if( (zWhere=whereTempTriggers(pParse, pTab))!=0 ){
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-        "UPDATE sqlite_temp_master SET "
-            "sql = sqlite_rename_trigger(sql, %Q), "
-            "tbl_name = %Q "
-            "WHERE %s;", zName, zName, zWhere);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zWhere);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-  if( db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
-    FKey *p;
-    for(p=sqlite3FkReferences(pTab); p; p=p->pNextTo){
-      Table *pFrom = p->pFrom;
-      if( pFrom!=pTab ){
-        reloadTableSchema(pParse, p->pFrom, pFrom->zName);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Drop and reload the internal table schema. */
-  reloadTableSchema(pParse, pTab, zName);
-
-exit_rename_table:
-  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Generate code to make sure the file format number is at least minFormat.
-** The generated code will increase the file format number if necessary.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MinimumFileFormat(Parse *pParse, int iDb, int minFormat){
-  Vdbe *v;
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  /* The VDBE should have been allocated before this routine is called.
-  ** If that allocation failed, we would have quit before reaching this
-  ** point */
-  if( ALWAYS(v) ){
-    int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-    int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-    int j1;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_ReadCookie, iDb, r1, BTREE_FILE_FORMAT);
-    sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, minFormat, r2);
-    j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ge, r2, 0, r1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, BTREE_FILE_FORMAT, r2);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called after an "ALTER TABLE ... ADD" statement
-** has been parsed. Argument pColDef contains the text of the new
-** column definition.
-**
-** The Table structure pParse->pNewTable was extended to include
-** the new column during parsing.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *pParse, Token *pColDef){
-  Table *pNew;              /* Copy of pParse->pNewTable */
-  Table *pTab;              /* Table being altered */
-  int iDb;                  /* Database number */
-  const char *zDb;          /* Database name */
-  const char *zTab;         /* Table name */
-  char *zCol;               /* Null-terminated column definition */
-  Column *pCol;             /* The new column */
-  Expr *pDflt;              /* Default value for the new column */
-  sqlite3 *db;              /* The database connection; */
-
-  db = pParse->db;
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return;
-  pNew = pParse->pNewTable;
-  assert( pNew );
-
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pNew->pSchema);
-  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-  zTab = &pNew->zName[16];  /* Skip the "sqlite_altertab_" prefix on the name */
-  pCol = &pNew->aCol[pNew->nCol-1];
-  pDflt = pCol->pDflt;
-  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTab, zDb);
-  assert( pTab );
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  /* Invoke the authorization callback. */
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE, zDb, pTab->zName, 0) ){
-    return;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* If the default value for the new column was specified with a 
-  ** literal NULL, then set pDflt to 0. This simplifies checking
-  ** for an SQL NULL default below.
-  */
-  if( pDflt && pDflt->op==TK_NULL ){
-    pDflt = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Check that the new column is not specified as PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE.
-  ** If there is a NOT NULL constraint, then the default value for the
-  ** column must not be NULL.
-  */
-  if( pCol->isPrimKey ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "Cannot add a PRIMARY KEY column");
-    return;
-  }
-  if( pNew->pIndex ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "Cannot add a UNIQUE column");
-    return;
-  }
-  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys) && pNew->pFKey && pDflt ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-        "Cannot add a REFERENCES column with non-NULL default value");
-    return;
-  }
-  if( pCol->notNull && !pDflt ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-        "Cannot add a NOT NULL column with default value NULL");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  /* Ensure the default expression is something that sqlite3ValueFromExpr()
-  ** can handle (i.e. not CURRENT_TIME etc.)
-  */
-  if( pDflt ){
-    sqlite3_value *pVal;
-    if( sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, pDflt, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_AFF_NONE, &pVal) ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      return;
-    }
-    if( !pVal ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "Cannot add a column with non-constant default");
-      return;
-    }
-    sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
-  }
-
-  /* Modify the CREATE TABLE statement. */
-  zCol = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pColDef->z, pColDef->n);
-  if( zCol ){
-    char *zEnd = &zCol[pColDef->n-1];
-    while( zEnd>zCol && (*zEnd==';' || sqlite3Isspace(*zEnd)) ){
-      *zEnd-- = '\0';
-    }
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-        "UPDATE \"%w\".%s SET "
-          "sql = substr(sql,1,%d) || ', ' || %Q || substr(sql,%d) "
-        "WHERE type = 'table' AND name = %Q", 
-      zDb, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), pNew->addColOffset, zCol, pNew->addColOffset+1,
-      zTab
-    );
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zCol);
-  }
-
-  /* If the default value of the new column is NULL, then set the file
-  ** format to 2. If the default value of the new column is not NULL,
-  ** the file format becomes 3.
-  */
-  sqlite3MinimumFileFormat(pParse, iDb, pDflt ? 3 : 2);
-
-  /* Reload the schema of the modified table. */
-  reloadTableSchema(pParse, pTab, pTab->zName);
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called by the parser after the table-name in
-** an "ALTER TABLE <table-name> ADD" statement is parsed. Argument 
-** pSrc is the full-name of the table being altered.
-**
-** This routine makes a (partial) copy of the Table structure
-** for the table being altered and sets Parse.pNewTable to point
-** to it. Routines called by the parser as the column definition
-** is parsed (i.e. sqlite3AddColumn()) add the new Column data to 
-** the copy. The copy of the Table structure is deleted by tokenize.c 
-** after parsing is finished.
-**
-** Routine sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn() will be called to complete
-** coding the "ALTER TABLE ... ADD" statement.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc){
-  Table *pNew;
-  Table *pTab;
-  Vdbe *v;
-  int iDb;
-  int i;
-  int nAlloc;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  /* Look up the table being altered. */
-  assert( pParse->pNewTable==0 );
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto exit_begin_add_column;
-  pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, pSrc->a[0].zName, pSrc->a[0].zDatabase);
-  if( !pTab ) goto exit_begin_add_column;
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "virtual tables may not be altered");
-    goto exit_begin_add_column;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Make sure this is not an attempt to ALTER a view. */
-  if( pTab->pSelect ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "Cannot add a column to a view");
-    goto exit_begin_add_column;
-  }
-
-  assert( pTab->addColOffset>0 );
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-
-  /* Put a copy of the Table struct in Parse.pNewTable for the
-  ** sqlite3AddColumn() function and friends to modify.  But modify
-  ** the name by adding an "sqlite_altertab_" prefix.  By adding this
-  ** prefix, we insure that the name will not collide with an existing
-  ** table because user table are not allowed to have the "sqlite_"
-  ** prefix on their name.
-  */
-  pNew = (Table*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
-  if( !pNew ) goto exit_begin_add_column;
-  pParse->pNewTable = pNew;
-  pNew->nRef = 1;
-  pNew->dbMem = pTab->dbMem;
-  pNew->nCol = pTab->nCol;
-  assert( pNew->nCol>0 );
-  nAlloc = (((pNew->nCol-1)/8)*8)+8;
-  assert( nAlloc>=pNew->nCol && nAlloc%8==0 && nAlloc-pNew->nCol<8 );
-  pNew->aCol = (Column*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Column)*nAlloc);
-  pNew->zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_altertab_%s", pTab->zName);
-  if( !pNew->aCol || !pNew->zName ){
-    db->mallocFailed = 1;
-    goto exit_begin_add_column;
-  }
-  memcpy(pNew->aCol, pTab->aCol, sizeof(Column)*pNew->nCol);
-  for(i=0; i<pNew->nCol; i++){
-    Column *pCol = &pNew->aCol[i];
-    pCol->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pCol->zName);
-    pCol->zColl = 0;
-    pCol->zType = 0;
-    pCol->pDflt = 0;
-    pCol->zDflt = 0;
-  }
-  pNew->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
-  pNew->addColOffset = pTab->addColOffset;
-  pNew->nRef = 1;
-
-  /* Begin a transaction and increment the schema cookie.  */
-  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( !v ) goto exit_begin_add_column;
-  sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
-
-exit_begin_add_column:
-  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
-  return;
-}
-#endif  /* SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE */
-
-/************** End of alter.c ***********************************************/
-/************** Begin file analyze.c *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2005 July 8
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code associated with the ANALYZE command.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
-
-/*
-** This routine generates code that opens the sqlite_stat1 table for
-** writing with cursor iStatCur. If the library was built with the
-** SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2 macro defined, then the sqlite_stat2 table is
-** opened for writing using cursor (iStatCur+1)
-**
-** If the sqlite_stat1 tables does not previously exist, it is created.
-** Similarly, if the sqlite_stat2 table does not exist and the library
-** is compiled with SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2 defined, it is created. 
-**
-** Argument zWhere may be a pointer to a buffer containing a table name,
-** or it may be a NULL pointer. If it is not NULL, then all entries in
-** the sqlite_stat1 and (if applicable) sqlite_stat2 tables associated
-** with the named table are deleted. If zWhere==0, then code is generated
-** to delete all stat table entries.
-*/
-static void openStatTable(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
-  int iDb,                /* The database we are looking in */
-  int iStatCur,           /* Open the sqlite_stat1 table on this cursor */
-  const char *zWhere      /* Delete entries associated with this table */
-){
-  static struct {
-    const char *zName;
-    const char *zCols;
-  } aTable[] = {
-    { "sqlite_stat1", "tbl,idx,stat" },
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-    { "sqlite_stat2", "tbl,idx,sampleno,sample" },
-#endif
-  };
-
-  int aRoot[] = {0, 0};
-  u8 aCreateTbl[] = {0, 0};
-
-  int i;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  Db *pDb;
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v==0 ) return;
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
-  assert( sqlite3VdbeDb(v)==db );
-  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
-
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aTable); i++){
-    const char *zTab = aTable[i].zName;
-    Table *pStat;
-    if( (pStat = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTab, pDb->zName))==0 ){
-      /* The sqlite_stat[12] table does not exist. Create it. Note that a 
-      ** side-effect of the CREATE TABLE statement is to leave the rootpage 
-      ** of the new table in register pParse->regRoot. This is important 
-      ** because the OpenWrite opcode below will be needing it. */
-      sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-          "CREATE TABLE %Q.%s(%s)", pDb->zName, zTab, aTable[i].zCols
-      );
-      aRoot[i] = pParse->regRoot;
-      aCreateTbl[i] = 1;
-    }else{
-      /* The table already exists. If zWhere is not NULL, delete all entries 
-      ** associated with the table zWhere. If zWhere is NULL, delete the
-      ** entire contents of the table. */
-      aRoot[i] = pStat->tnum;
-      sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, aRoot[i], 1, zTab);
-      if( zWhere ){
-        sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-           "DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE tbl=%Q", pDb->zName, zTab, zWhere
-        );
-      }else{
-        /* The sqlite_stat[12] table already exists.  Delete all rows. */
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, aRoot[i], iDb);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Open the sqlite_stat[12] tables for writing. */
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aTable); i++){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenWrite, iStatCur+i, aRoot[i], iDb);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char *)3, P4_INT32);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, aCreateTbl[i]);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code to do an analysis of all indices associated with
-** a single table.
-*/
-static void analyzeOneTable(
-  Parse *pParse,   /* Parser context */
-  Table *pTab,     /* Table whose indices are to be analyzed */
-  int iStatCur,    /* Index of VdbeCursor that writes the sqlite_stat1 table */
-  int iMem         /* Available memory locations begin here */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;    /* Database handle */
-  Index *pIdx;                 /* An index to being analyzed */
-  int iIdxCur;                 /* Cursor open on index being analyzed */
-  Vdbe *v;                     /* The virtual machine being built up */
-  int i;                       /* Loop counter */
-  int topOfLoop;               /* The top of the loop */
-  int endOfLoop;               /* The end of the loop */
-  int addr;                    /* The address of an instruction */
-  int iDb;                     /* Index of database containing pTab */
-  int regTabname = iMem++;     /* Register containing table name */
-  int regIdxname = iMem++;     /* Register containing index name */
-  int regSampleno = iMem++;    /* Register containing next sample number */
-  int regCol = iMem++;         /* Content of a column analyzed table */
-  int regRec = iMem++;         /* Register holding completed record */
-  int regTemp = iMem++;        /* Temporary use register */
-  int regRowid = iMem++;       /* Rowid for the inserted record */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-  int regTemp2 = iMem++;       /* Temporary use register */
-  int regSamplerecno = iMem++; /* Index of next sample to record */
-  int regRecno = iMem++;       /* Current sample index */
-  int regLast = iMem++;        /* Index of last sample to record */
-  int regFirst = iMem++;       /* Index of first sample to record */
-#endif
-
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v==0 || NEVER(pTab==0) || pTab->pIndex==0 ){
-    /* Do no analysis for tables that have no indices */
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-  assert( iDb>=0 );
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_ANALYZE, pTab->zName, 0,
-      db->aDb[iDb].zName ) ){
-    return;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Establish a read-lock on the table at the shared-cache level. */
-  sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 0, pTab->zName);
-
-  iIdxCur = pParse->nTab++;
-  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-    int nCol = pIdx->nColumn;
-    KeyInfo *pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
-
-    if( iMem+1+(nCol*2)>pParse->nMem ){
-      pParse->nMem = iMem+1+(nCol*2);
-    }
-
-    /* Open a cursor to the index to be analyzed. */
-    assert( iDb==sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pIdx->pSchema) );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenRead, iIdxCur, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
-        (char *)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-    VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
-
-    /* Populate the registers containing the table and index names. */
-    if( pTab->pIndex==pIdx ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, regTabname, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, regIdxname, 0, pIdx->zName, 0);
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-
-    /* If this iteration of the loop is generating code to analyze the
-    ** first index in the pTab->pIndex list, then register regLast has
-    ** not been populated. In this case populate it now.  */
-    if( pTab->pIndex==pIdx ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES, regSamplerecno);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES*2-1, regTemp);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES*2, regTemp2);
-
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iIdxCur, regLast);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regFirst);
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Lt, regSamplerecno, 0, regLast);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Divide, regTemp2, regLast, regFirst);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Multiply, regLast, regTemp, regLast);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regLast, SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES*2-2);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Divide,  regTemp2, regLast, regLast);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-    }
-
-    /* Zero the regSampleno and regRecno registers. */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regSampleno);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regRecno);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regFirst, regSamplerecno);
-#endif
-
-    /* The block of memory cells initialized here is used as follows.
-    **
-    **    iMem:                
-    **        The total number of rows in the table.
-    **
-    **    iMem+1 .. iMem+nCol: 
-    **        Number of distinct entries in index considering the 
-    **        left-most N columns only, where N is between 1 and nCol, 
-    **        inclusive.
-    **
-    **    iMem+nCol+1 .. Mem+2*nCol:  
-    **        Previous value of indexed columns, from left to right.
-    **
-    ** Cells iMem through iMem+nCol are initialized to 0. The others are 
-    ** initialized to contain an SQL NULL.
-    */
-    for(i=0; i<=nCol; i++){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, iMem+i);
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, iMem+nCol+i+1);
-    }
-
-    /* Start the analysis loop. This loop runs through all the entries in
-    ** the index b-tree.  */
-    endOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iIdxCur, endOfLoop);
-    topOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, iMem, 1);
-
-    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, i, regCol);
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-      if( i==0 ){
-        /* Check if the record that cursor iIdxCur points to contains a
-        ** value that should be stored in the sqlite_stat2 table. If so,
-        ** store it.  */
-        int ne = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, regRecno, 0, regSamplerecno);
-        assert( regTabname+1==regIdxname 
-             && regTabname+2==regSampleno
-             && regTabname+3==regCol
-        );
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTabname, 4, regRec, "aaab", 0);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iStatCur+1, regRowid);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iStatCur+1, regRec, regRowid);
-
-        /* Calculate new values for regSamplerecno and regSampleno.
-        **
-        **   sampleno = sampleno + 1
-        **   samplerecno = samplerecno+(remaining records)/(remaining samples)
-        */
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regSampleno, 1);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Subtract, regRecno, regLast, regTemp);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regTemp, -1);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES, regTemp2);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Subtract, regSampleno, regTemp2, regTemp2);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Divide, regTemp2, regTemp, regTemp);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Add, regSamplerecno, regTemp, regSamplerecno);
-
-        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, ne);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regRecno, 1);
-      }
-#endif
-
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, regCol, 0, iMem+nCol+i+1);
-      /**** TODO:  add collating sequence *****/
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-    }
-    if( db->mallocFailed ){
-      /* If a malloc failure has occurred, then the result of the expression 
-      ** passed as the second argument to the call to sqlite3VdbeJumpHere() 
-      ** below may be negative. Which causes an assert() to fail (or an
-      ** out-of-bounds write if SQLITE_DEBUG is not defined).  */
-      return;
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, endOfLoop);
-    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-(nCol*2));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, iMem+i+1, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, i, iMem+nCol+i+1);
-    }
-
-    /* End of the analysis loop. */
-    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endOfLoop);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iIdxCur, topOfLoop);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iIdxCur);
-
-    /* Store the results in sqlite_stat1.
-    **
-    ** The result is a single row of the sqlite_stat1 table.  The first
-    ** two columns are the names of the table and index.  The third column
-    ** is a string composed of a list of integer statistics about the
-    ** index.  The first integer in the list is the total number of entries
-    ** in the index.  There is one additional integer in the list for each
-    ** column of the table.  This additional integer is a guess of how many
-    ** rows of the table the index will select.  If D is the count of distinct
-    ** values and K is the total number of rows, then the integer is computed
-    ** as:
-    **
-    **        I = (K+D-1)/D
-    **
-    ** If K==0 then no entry is made into the sqlite_stat1 table.  
-    ** If K>0 then it is always the case the D>0 so division by zero
-    ** is never possible.
-    */
-    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, iMem);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, iMem, regSampleno);
-    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, regTemp, 0, " ", 0);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, regTemp, regSampleno, regSampleno);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Add, iMem, iMem+i+1, regTemp);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regTemp, -1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Divide, iMem+i+1, regTemp, regTemp);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ToInt, regTemp);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, regTemp, regSampleno, regSampleno);
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTabname, 3, regRec, "aaa", 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iStatCur, regRowid);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iStatCur, regRec, regRowid);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will cause the most recent index analysis to
-** be laoded into internal hash tables where is can be used.
-*/
-static void loadAnalysis(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_LoadAnalysis, iDb);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will do an analysis of an entire database
-*/
-static void analyzeDatabase(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  Schema *pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;    /* Schema of database iDb */
-  HashElem *k;
-  int iStatCur;
-  int iMem;
-
-  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
-  iStatCur = pParse->nTab;
-  pParse->nTab += 2;
-  openStatTable(pParse, iDb, iStatCur, 0);
-  iMem = pParse->nMem+1;
-  for(k=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->tblHash); k; k=sqliteHashNext(k)){
-    Table *pTab = (Table*)sqliteHashData(k);
-    analyzeOneTable(pParse, pTab, iStatCur, iMem);
-  }
-  loadAnalysis(pParse, iDb);
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will do an analysis of a single table in
-** a database.
-*/
-static void analyzeTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
-  int iDb;
-  int iStatCur;
-
-  assert( pTab!=0 );
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(pParse->db) );
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
-  iStatCur = pParse->nTab;
-  pParse->nTab += 2;
-  openStatTable(pParse, iDb, iStatCur, pTab->zName);
-  analyzeOneTable(pParse, pTab, iStatCur, pParse->nMem+1);
-  loadAnalysis(pParse, iDb);
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code for the ANALYZE command.  The parser calls this routine
-** when it recognizes an ANALYZE command.
-**
-**        ANALYZE                            -- 1
-**        ANALYZE  <database>                -- 2
-**        ANALYZE  ?<database>.?<tablename>  -- 3
-**
-** Form 1 causes all indices in all attached databases to be analyzed.
-** Form 2 analyzes all indices the single database named.
-** Form 3 analyzes all indices associated with the named table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Analyze(Parse *pParse, Token *pName1, Token *pName2){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int iDb;
-  int i;
-  char *z, *zDb;
-  Table *pTab;
-  Token *pTableName;
-
-  /* Read the database schema. If an error occurs, leave an error message
-  ** and code in pParse and return NULL. */
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(pParse->db) );
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
-    return;
-  }
-
-  assert( pName2!=0 || pName1==0 );
-  if( pName1==0 ){
-    /* Form 1:  Analyze everything */
-    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      if( i==1 ) continue;  /* Do not analyze the TEMP database */
-      analyzeDatabase(pParse, i);
-    }
-  }else if( pName2->n==0 ){
-    /* Form 2:  Analyze the database or table named */
-    iDb = sqlite3FindDb(db, pName1);
-    if( iDb>=0 ){
-      analyzeDatabase(pParse, iDb);
-    }else{
-      z = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName1);
-      if( z ){
-        pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, z, 0);
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
-        if( pTab ){
-          analyzeTable(pParse, pTab);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* Form 3: Analyze the fully qualified table name */
-    iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pTableName);
-    if( iDb>=0 ){
-      zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-      z = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pTableName);
-      if( z ){
-        pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, z, zDb);
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
-        if( pTab ){
-          analyzeTable(pParse, pTab);
-        }
-      }
-    }   
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Used to pass information from the analyzer reader through to the
-** callback routine.
-*/
-typedef struct analysisInfo analysisInfo;
-struct analysisInfo {
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  const char *zDatabase;
-};
-
-/*
-** This callback is invoked once for each index when reading the
-** sqlite_stat1 table.  
-**
-**     argv[0] = name of the index
-**     argv[1] = results of analysis - on integer for each column
-*/
-static int analysisLoader(void *pData, int argc, char **argv, char **NotUsed){
-  analysisInfo *pInfo = (analysisInfo*)pData;
-  Index *pIndex;
-  int i, c;
-  unsigned int v;
-  const char *z;
-
-  assert( argc==2 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, argc);
-
-  if( argv==0 || argv[0]==0 || argv[1]==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pIndex = sqlite3FindIndex(pInfo->db, argv[0], pInfo->zDatabase);
-  if( pIndex==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  z = argv[1];
-  for(i=0; *z && i<=pIndex->nColumn; i++){
-    v = 0;
-    while( (c=z[0])>='0' && c<='9' ){
-      v = v*10 + c - '0';
-      z++;
-    }
-    pIndex->aiRowEst[i] = v;
-    if( *z==' ' ) z++;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** If the Index.aSample variable is not NULL, delete the aSample[] array
-** and its contents.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(Index *pIdx){
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-  if( pIdx->aSample ){
-    int j;
-    sqlite3 *dbMem = pIdx->pTable->dbMem;
-    for(j=0; j<SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES; j++){
-      IndexSample *p = &pIdx->aSample[j];
-      if( p->eType==SQLITE_TEXT || p->eType==SQLITE_BLOB ){
-        sqlite3DbFree(pIdx->pTable->dbMem, p->u.z);
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(dbMem, pIdx->aSample);
-    pIdx->aSample = 0;
-  }
-#else
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pIdx);
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Load the content of the sqlite_stat1 and sqlite_stat2 tables. The
-** contents of sqlite_stat1 are used to populate the Index.aiRowEst[]
-** arrays. The contents of sqlite_stat2 are used to populate the
-** Index.aSample[] arrays.
-**
-** If the sqlite_stat1 table is not present in the database, SQLITE_ERROR
-** is returned. In this case, even if SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2 was defined 
-** during compilation and the sqlite_stat2 table is present, no data is 
-** read from it.
-**
-** If SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2 was defined during compilation and the 
-** sqlite_stat2 table is not present in the database, SQLITE_ERROR is
-** returned. However, in this case, data is read from the sqlite_stat1
-** table (if it is present) before returning.
-**
-** If an OOM error occurs, this function always sets db->mallocFailed.
-** This means if the caller does not care about other errors, the return
-** code may be ignored.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
-  analysisInfo sInfo;
-  HashElem *i;
-  char *zSql;
-  int rc;
-
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
-  assert( db->aDb[iDb].pBt!=0 );
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[iDb].pBt) );
-
-  /* Clear any prior statistics */
-  for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->idxHash);i;i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
-    Index *pIdx = sqliteHashData(i);
-    sqlite3DefaultRowEst(pIdx);
-    sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(pIdx);
-  }
-
-  /* Check to make sure the sqlite_stat1 table exists */
-  sInfo.db = db;
-  sInfo.zDatabase = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-  if( sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_stat1", sInfo.zDatabase)==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  /* Load new statistics out of the sqlite_stat1 table */
-  zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
-      "SELECT idx, stat FROM %Q.sqlite_stat1", sInfo.zDatabase);
-  if( zSql==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, analysisLoader, &sInfo, 0);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
-  }
-
-
-  /* Load the statistics from the sqlite_stat2 table. */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_stat2", sInfo.zDatabase) ){
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
-
-    zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
-        "SELECT idx,sampleno,sample FROM %Q.sqlite_stat2", sInfo.zDatabase);
-    if( !zSql ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
-    }
-
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
-        char *zIndex = (char *)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
-        Index *pIdx = sqlite3FindIndex(db, zIndex, sInfo.zDatabase);
-        if( pIdx ){
-          int iSample = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 1);
-          sqlite3 *dbMem = pIdx->pTable->dbMem;
-          assert( dbMem==db || dbMem==0 );
-          if( iSample<SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES && iSample>=0 ){
-            int eType = sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, 2);
-
-            if( pIdx->aSample==0 ){
-              static const int sz = sizeof(IndexSample)*SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES;
-              pIdx->aSample = (IndexSample *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(dbMem, sz);
-              if( pIdx->aSample==0 ){
-                db->mallocFailed = 1;
-                break;
-              }
-            }
-
-            assert( pIdx->aSample );
-            {
-              IndexSample *pSample = &pIdx->aSample[iSample];
-              pSample->eType = (u8)eType;
-              if( eType==SQLITE_INTEGER || eType==SQLITE_FLOAT ){
-                pSample->u.r = sqlite3_column_double(pStmt, 2);
-              }else if( eType==SQLITE_TEXT || eType==SQLITE_BLOB ){
-                const char *z = (const char *)(
-                    (eType==SQLITE_BLOB) ?
-                    sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 2):
-                    sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 2)
-                );
-                int n = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 2);
-                if( n>24 ){
-                  n = 24;
-                }
-                pSample->nByte = (u8)n;
-                pSample->u.z = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(dbMem, n);
-                if( pSample->u.z ){
-                  memcpy(pSample->u.z, z, n);
-                }else{
-                  db->mallocFailed = 1;
-                  break;
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-    db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE */
-
-/************** End of analyze.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file attach.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2003 April 6
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code used to implement the ATTACH and DETACH commands.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
-/*
-** Resolve an expression that was part of an ATTACH or DETACH statement. This
-** is slightly different from resolving a normal SQL expression, because simple
-** identifiers are treated as strings, not possible column names or aliases.
-**
-** i.e. if the parser sees:
-**
-**     ATTACH DATABASE abc AS def
-**
-** it treats the two expressions as literal strings 'abc' and 'def' instead of
-** looking for columns of the same name.
-**
-** This only applies to the root node of pExpr, so the statement:
-**
-**     ATTACH DATABASE abc||def AS 'db2'
-**
-** will fail because neither abc or def can be resolved.
-*/
-static int resolveAttachExpr(NameContext *pName, Expr *pExpr)
-{
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( pExpr ){
-    if( pExpr->op!=TK_ID ){
-      rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(pName, pExpr);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pExpr) ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pName->pParse, "invalid name: \"%s\"", pExpr->u.zToken);
-        return SQLITE_ERROR;
-      }
-    }else{
-      pExpr->op = TK_STRING;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** An SQL user-function registered to do the work of an ATTACH statement. The
-** three arguments to the function come directly from an attach statement:
-**
-**     ATTACH DATABASE x AS y KEY z
-**
-**     SELECT sqlite_attach(x, y, z)
-**
-** If the optional "KEY z" syntax is omitted, an SQL NULL is passed as the
-** third argument.
-*/
-static void attachFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  int i;
-  int rc = 0;
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  const char *zName;
-  const char *zFile;
-  Db *aNew;
-  char *zErrDyn = 0;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-
-  zFile = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  zName = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-  if( zFile==0 ) zFile = "";
-  if( zName==0 ) zName = "";
-
-  /* Check for the following errors:
-  **
-  **     * Too many attached databases,
-  **     * Transaction currently open
-  **     * Specified database name already being used.
-  */
-  if( db->nDb>=db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]+2 ){
-    zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "too many attached databases - max %d", 
-      db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]
-    );
-    goto attach_error;
-  }
-  if( !db->autoCommit ){
-    zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "cannot ATTACH database within transaction");
-    goto attach_error;
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    char *z = db->aDb[i].zName;
-    assert( z && zName );
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, zName)==0 ){
-      zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "database %s is already in use", zName);
-      goto attach_error;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Allocate the new entry in the db->aDb[] array and initialise the schema
-  ** hash tables.
-  */
-  if( db->aDb==db->aDbStatic ){
-    aNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(db->aDb[0])*3 );
-    if( aNew==0 ) return;
-    memcpy(aNew, db->aDb, sizeof(db->aDb[0])*2);
-  }else{
-    aNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, db->aDb, sizeof(db->aDb[0])*(db->nDb+1) );
-    if( aNew==0 ) return;
-  }
-  db->aDb = aNew;
-  aNew = &db->aDb[db->nDb];
-  memset(aNew, 0, sizeof(*aNew));
-
-  /* Open the database file. If the btree is successfully opened, use
-  ** it to obtain the database schema. At this point the schema may
-  ** or may not be initialised.
-  */
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeFactory(db, zFile, 0, SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE,
-                           db->openFlags | SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB,
-                           &aNew->pBt);
-  db->nDb++;
-  if( rc==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT ){
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "database is already attached");
-  }else if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    Pager *pPager;
-    aNew->pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, aNew->pBt);
-    if( !aNew->pSchema ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else if( aNew->pSchema->file_format && aNew->pSchema->enc!=ENC(db) ){
-      zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
-        "attached databases must use the same text encoding as main database");
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(aNew->pBt);
-    sqlite3PagerLockingMode(pPager, db->dfltLockMode);
-    sqlite3PagerJournalMode(pPager, db->dfltJournalMode);
-    sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(aNew->pBt,
-                             sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(db->aDb[0].pBt,-1) );
-  }
-  aNew->safety_level = 3;
-  aNew->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && aNew->zName==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    extern int sqlite3CodecAttach(sqlite3*, int, const void*, int);
-    extern void sqlite3CodecGetKey(sqlite3*, int, void**, int*);
-    int nKey;
-    char *zKey;
-    int t = sqlite3_value_type(argv[2]);
-    switch( t ){
-      case SQLITE_INTEGER:
-      case SQLITE_FLOAT:
-        zErrDyn = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, "Invalid key value");
-        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-        break;
-        
-      case SQLITE_TEXT:
-      case SQLITE_BLOB:
-        nKey = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[2]);
-        zKey = (char *)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[2]);
-        rc = sqlite3CodecAttach(db, db->nDb-1, zKey, nKey);
-        break;
-
-      case SQLITE_NULL:
-        /* No key specified.  Use the key from the main database */
-        sqlite3CodecGetKey(db, 0, (void**)&zKey, &nKey);
-        rc = sqlite3CodecAttach(db, db->nDb-1, zKey, nKey);
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* If the file was opened successfully, read the schema for the new database.
-  ** If this fails, or if opening the file failed, then close the file and 
-  ** remove the entry from the db->aDb[] array. i.e. put everything back the way
-  ** we found it.
-  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-    rc = sqlite3Init(db, &zErrDyn);
-    sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
-  }
-  if( rc ){
-    int iDb = db->nDb - 1;
-    assert( iDb>=2 );
-    if( db->aDb[iDb].pBt ){
-      sqlite3BtreeClose(db->aDb[iDb].pBt);
-      db->aDb[iDb].pBt = 0;
-      db->aDb[iDb].pSchema = 0;
-    }
-    sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-    db->nDb = iDb;
-    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrDyn);
-      zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "out of memory");
-    }else if( zErrDyn==0 ){
-      zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "unable to open database: %s", zFile);
-    }
-    goto attach_error;
-  }
-  
-  return;
-
-attach_error:
-  /* Return an error if we get here */
-  if( zErrDyn ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(context, zErrDyn, -1);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrDyn);
-  }
-  if( rc ) sqlite3_result_error_code(context, rc);
-}
-
-/*
-** An SQL user-function registered to do the work of an DETACH statement. The
-** three arguments to the function come directly from a detach statement:
-**
-**     DETACH DATABASE x
-**
-**     SELECT sqlite_detach(x)
-*/
-static void detachFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const char *zName = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  int i;
-  Db *pDb = 0;
-  char zErr[128];
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-
-  if( zName==0 ) zName = "";
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    pDb = &db->aDb[i];
-    if( pDb->pBt==0 ) continue;
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(pDb->zName, zName)==0 ) break;
-  }
-
-  if( i>=db->nDb ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr),zErr, "no such database: %s", zName);
-    goto detach_error;
-  }
-  if( i<2 ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr),zErr, "cannot detach database %s", zName);
-    goto detach_error;
-  }
-  if( !db->autoCommit ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr), zErr,
-                     "cannot DETACH database within transaction");
-    goto detach_error;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(pDb->pBt) || sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(pDb->pBt) ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr),zErr, "database %s is locked", zName);
-    goto detach_error;
-  }
-
-  sqlite3BtreeClose(pDb->pBt);
-  pDb->pBt = 0;
-  pDb->pSchema = 0;
-  sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-  return;
-
-detach_error:
-  sqlite3_result_error(context, zErr, -1);
-}
-
-/*
-** This procedure generates VDBE code for a single invocation of either the
-** sqlite_detach() or sqlite_attach() SQL user functions.
-*/
-static void codeAttach(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* The parser context */
-  int type,            /* Either SQLITE_ATTACH or SQLITE_DETACH */
-  FuncDef *pFunc,      /* FuncDef wrapper for detachFunc() or attachFunc() */
-  Expr *pAuthArg,      /* Expression to pass to authorization callback */
-  Expr *pFilename,     /* Name of database file */
-  Expr *pDbname,       /* Name of the database to use internally */
-  Expr *pKey           /* Database key for encryption extension */
-){
-  int rc;
-  NameContext sName;
-  Vdbe *v;
-  sqlite3* db = pParse->db;
-  int regArgs;
-
-  memset(&sName, 0, sizeof(NameContext));
-  sName.pParse = pParse;
-
-  if( 
-      SQLITE_OK!=(rc = resolveAttachExpr(&sName, pFilename)) ||
-      SQLITE_OK!=(rc = resolveAttachExpr(&sName, pDbname)) ||
-      SQLITE_OK!=(rc = resolveAttachExpr(&sName, pKey))
-  ){
-    pParse->nErr++;
-    goto attach_end;
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  if( pAuthArg ){
-    char *zAuthArg = pAuthArg->u.zToken;
-    if( NEVER(zAuthArg==0) ){
-      goto attach_end;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, type, zAuthArg, 0, 0);
-    if(rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto attach_end;
-    }
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION */
-
-
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  regArgs = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, 4);
-  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFilename, regArgs);
-  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pDbname, regArgs+1);
-  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pKey, regArgs+2);
-
-  assert( v || db->mallocFailed );
-  if( v ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Function, 0, regArgs+3-pFunc->nArg, regArgs+3);
-    assert( pFunc->nArg==-1 || (pFunc->nArg&0xff)==pFunc->nArg );
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)(pFunc->nArg));
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char *)pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
-
-    /* Code an OP_Expire. For an ATTACH statement, set P1 to true (expire this
-    ** statement only). For DETACH, set it to false (expire all existing
-    ** statements).
-    */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Expire, (type==SQLITE_ATTACH));
-  }
-  
-attach_end:
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pFilename);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDbname);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pKey);
-}
-
-/*
-** Called by the parser to compile a DETACH statement.
-**
-**     DETACH pDbname
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Detach(Parse *pParse, Expr *pDbname){
-  static FuncDef detach_func = {
-    1,                /* nArg */
-    SQLITE_UTF8,      /* iPrefEnc */
-    0,                /* flags */
-    0,                /* pUserData */
-    0,                /* pNext */
-    detachFunc,       /* xFunc */
-    0,                /* xStep */
-    0,                /* xFinalize */
-    "sqlite_detach",  /* zName */
-    0                 /* pHash */
-  };
-  codeAttach(pParse, SQLITE_DETACH, &detach_func, pDbname, 0, 0, pDbname);
-}
-
-/*
-** Called by the parser to compile an ATTACH statement.
-**
-**     ATTACH p AS pDbname KEY pKey
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Attach(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, Expr *pDbname, Expr *pKey){
-  static FuncDef attach_func = {
-    3,                /* nArg */
-    SQLITE_UTF8,      /* iPrefEnc */
-    0,                /* flags */
-    0,                /* pUserData */
-    0,                /* pNext */
-    attachFunc,       /* xFunc */
-    0,                /* xStep */
-    0,                /* xFinalize */
-    "sqlite_attach",  /* zName */
-    0                 /* pHash */
-  };
-  codeAttach(pParse, SQLITE_ATTACH, &attach_func, p, p, pDbname, pKey);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH */
-
-/*
-** Initialize a DbFixer structure.  This routine must be called prior
-** to passing the structure to one of the sqliteFixAAAA() routines below.
-**
-** The return value indicates whether or not fixation is required.  TRUE
-** means we do need to fix the database references, FALSE means we do not.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixInit(
-  DbFixer *pFix,      /* The fixer to be initialized */
-  Parse *pParse,      /* Error messages will be written here */
-  int iDb,            /* This is the database that must be used */
-  const char *zType,  /* "view", "trigger", or "index" */
-  const Token *pName  /* Name of the view, trigger, or index */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-
-  if( NEVER(iDb<0) || iDb==1 ) return 0;
-  db = pParse->db;
-  assert( db->nDb>iDb );
-  pFix->pParse = pParse;
-  pFix->zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-  pFix->zType = zType;
-  pFix->pName = pName;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** The following set of routines walk through the parse tree and assign
-** a specific database to all table references where the database name
-** was left unspecified in the original SQL statement.  The pFix structure
-** must have been initialized by a prior call to sqlite3FixInit().
-**
-** These routines are used to make sure that an index, trigger, or
-** view in one database does not refer to objects in a different database.
-** (Exception: indices, triggers, and views in the TEMP database are
-** allowed to refer to anything.)  If a reference is explicitly made
-** to an object in a different database, an error message is added to
-** pParse->zErrMsg and these routines return non-zero.  If everything
-** checks out, these routines return 0.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixSrcList(
-  DbFixer *pFix,       /* Context of the fixation */
-  SrcList *pList       /* The Source list to check and modify */
-){
-  int i;
-  const char *zDb;
-  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
-
-  if( NEVER(pList==0) ) return 0;
-  zDb = pFix->zDb;
-  for(i=0, pItem=pList->a; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
-    if( pItem->zDatabase==0 ){
-      pItem->zDatabase = sqlite3DbStrDup(pFix->pParse->db, zDb);
-    }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(pItem->zDatabase,zDb)!=0 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pFix->pParse,
-         "%s %T cannot reference objects in database %s",
-         pFix->zType, pFix->pName, pItem->zDatabase);
-      return 1;
-    }
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-    if( sqlite3FixSelect(pFix, pItem->pSelect) ) return 1;
-    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pItem->pOn) ) return 1;
-#endif
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixSelect(
-  DbFixer *pFix,       /* Context of the fixation */
-  Select *pSelect      /* The SELECT statement to be fixed to one database */
-){
-  while( pSelect ){
-    if( sqlite3FixExprList(pFix, pSelect->pEList) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3FixSrcList(pFix, pSelect->pSrc) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pSelect->pWhere) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pSelect->pHaving) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixExpr(
-  DbFixer *pFix,     /* Context of the fixation */
-  Expr *pExpr        /* The expression to be fixed to one database */
-){
-  while( pExpr ){
-    if( ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ) break;
-    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-      if( sqlite3FixSelect(pFix, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return 1;
-    }else{
-      if( sqlite3FixExprList(pFix, pExpr->x.pList) ) return 1;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pExpr->pRight) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixExprList(
-  DbFixer *pFix,     /* Context of the fixation */
-  ExprList *pList    /* The expression to be fixed to one database */
-){
-  int i;
-  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-  if( pList==0 ) return 0;
-  for(i=0, pItem=pList->a; i<pList->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
-    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pItem->pExpr) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(
-  DbFixer *pFix,     /* Context of the fixation */
-  TriggerStep *pStep /* The trigger step be fixed to one database */
-){
-  while( pStep ){
-    if( sqlite3FixSelect(pFix, pStep->pSelect) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pStep->pWhere) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3FixExprList(pFix, pStep->pExprList) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    pStep = pStep->pNext;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-#endif
-
-/************** End of attach.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file auth.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2003 January 11
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code used to implement the sqlite3_set_authorizer()
-** API.  This facility is an optional feature of the library.  Embedded
-** systems that do not need this facility may omit it by recompiling
-** the library with -DSQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION=1
-*/
-
-/*
-** All of the code in this file may be omitted by defining a single
-** macro.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-
-/*
-** Set or clear the access authorization function.
-**
-** The access authorization function is be called during the compilation
-** phase to verify that the user has read and/or write access permission on
-** various fields of the database.  The first argument to the auth function
-** is a copy of the 3rd argument to this routine.  The second argument
-** to the auth function is one of these constants:
-**
-**       SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX
-**       SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE
-**       SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX
-**       SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE
-**       SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER
-**       SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW
-**       SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER
-**       SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW
-**       SQLITE_DELETE
-**       SQLITE_DROP_INDEX
-**       SQLITE_DROP_TABLE
-**       SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX
-**       SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE
-**       SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER
-**       SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW
-**       SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER
-**       SQLITE_DROP_VIEW
-**       SQLITE_INSERT
-**       SQLITE_PRAGMA
-**       SQLITE_READ
-**       SQLITE_SELECT
-**       SQLITE_TRANSACTION
-**       SQLITE_UPDATE
-**
-** The third and fourth arguments to the auth function are the name of
-** the table and the column that are being accessed.  The auth function
-** should return either SQLITE_OK, SQLITE_DENY, or SQLITE_IGNORE.  If
-** SQLITE_OK is returned, it means that access is allowed.  SQLITE_DENY
-** means that the SQL statement will never-run - the sqlite3_exec() call
-** will return with an error.  SQLITE_IGNORE means that the SQL statement
-** should run but attempts to read the specified column will return NULL
-** and attempts to write the column will be ignored.
-**
-** Setting the auth function to NULL disables this hook.  The default
-** setting of the auth function is NULL.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
-  void *pArg
-){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  db->xAuth = xAuth;
-  db->pAuthArg = pArg;
-  sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Write an error message into pParse->zErrMsg that explains that the
-** user-supplied authorization function returned an illegal value.
-*/
-static void sqliteAuthBadReturnCode(Parse *pParse){
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "authorizer malfunction");
-  pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-}
-
-/*
-** Invoke the authorization callback for permission to read column zCol from
-** table zTab in database zDb. This function assumes that an authorization
-** callback has been registered (i.e. that sqlite3.xAuth is not NULL).
-**
-** If SQLITE_IGNORE is returned and pExpr is not NULL, then pExpr is changed
-** to an SQL NULL expression. Otherwise, if pExpr is NULL, then SQLITE_IGNORE
-** is treated as SQLITE_DENY. In this case an error is left in pParse.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AuthReadCol(
-  Parse *pParse,                  /* The parser context */
-  const char *zTab,               /* Table name */
-  const char *zCol,               /* Column name */
-  int iDb                         /* Index of containing database. */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;       /* Database handle */
-  char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName; /* Name of attached database */
-  int rc;                         /* Auth callback return code */
-
-  rc = db->xAuth(db->pAuthArg, SQLITE_READ, zTab,zCol,zDb,pParse->zAuthContext);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_DENY ){
-    if( db->nDb>2 || iDb!=0 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to %s.%s.%s is prohibited",zDb,zTab,zCol);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to %s.%s is prohibited", zTab, zCol);
-    }
-    pParse->rc = SQLITE_AUTH;
-  }else if( rc!=SQLITE_IGNORE && rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqliteAuthBadReturnCode(pParse);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The pExpr should be a TK_COLUMN expression.  The table referred to
-** is in pTabList or else it is the NEW or OLD table of a trigger.  
-** Check to see if it is OK to read this particular column.
-**
-** If the auth function returns SQLITE_IGNORE, change the TK_COLUMN 
-** instruction into a TK_NULL.  If the auth function returns SQLITE_DENY,
-** then generate an error.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AuthRead(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* The parser context */
-  Expr *pExpr,          /* The expression to check authorization on */
-  Schema *pSchema,      /* The schema of the expression */
-  SrcList *pTabList     /* All table that pExpr might refer to */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  Table *pTab = 0;      /* The table being read */
-  const char *zCol;     /* Name of the column of the table */
-  int iSrc;             /* Index in pTabList->a[] of table being read */
-  int iDb;              /* The index of the database the expression refers to */
-  int iCol;             /* Index of column in table */
-
-  if( db->xAuth==0 ) return;
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pSchema);
-  if( iDb<0 ){
-    /* An attempt to read a column out of a subquery or other
-    ** temporary table. */
-    return;
-  }
-
-  assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN || pExpr->op==TK_TRIGGER );
-  if( pExpr->op==TK_TRIGGER ){
-    pTab = pParse->pTriggerTab;
-  }else{
-    assert( pTabList );
-    for(iSrc=0; ALWAYS(iSrc<pTabList->nSrc); iSrc++){
-      if( pExpr->iTable==pTabList->a[iSrc].iCursor ){
-        pTab = pTabList->a[iSrc].pTab;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  iCol = pExpr->iColumn;
-  if( NEVER(pTab==0) ) return;
-
-  if( iCol>=0 ){
-    assert( iCol<pTab->nCol );
-    zCol = pTab->aCol[iCol].zName;
-  }else if( pTab->iPKey>=0 ){
-    assert( pTab->iPKey<pTab->nCol );
-    zCol = pTab->aCol[pTab->iPKey].zName;
-  }else{
-    zCol = "ROWID";
-  }
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
-  if( SQLITE_IGNORE==sqlite3AuthReadCol(pParse, pTab->zName, zCol, iDb) ){
-    pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Do an authorization check using the code and arguments given.  Return
-** either SQLITE_OK (zero) or SQLITE_IGNORE or SQLITE_DENY.  If SQLITE_DENY
-** is returned, then the error count and error message in pParse are
-** modified appropriately.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AuthCheck(
-  Parse *pParse,
-  int code,
-  const char *zArg1,
-  const char *zArg2,
-  const char *zArg3
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int rc;
-
-  /* Don't do any authorization checks if the database is initialising
-  ** or if the parser is being invoked from within sqlite3_declare_vtab.
-  */
-  if( db->init.busy || IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  if( db->xAuth==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  rc = db->xAuth(db->pAuthArg, code, zArg1, zArg2, zArg3, pParse->zAuthContext);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_DENY ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "not authorized");
-    pParse->rc = SQLITE_AUTH;
-  }else if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_IGNORE ){
-    rc = SQLITE_DENY;
-    sqliteAuthBadReturnCode(pParse);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Push an authorization context.  After this routine is called, the
-** zArg3 argument to authorization callbacks will be zContext until
-** popped.  Or if pParse==0, this routine is a no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AuthContextPush(
-  Parse *pParse,
-  AuthContext *pContext, 
-  const char *zContext
-){
-  assert( pParse );
-  pContext->pParse = pParse;
-  pContext->zAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
-  pParse->zAuthContext = zContext;
-}
-
-/*
-** Pop an authorization context that was previously pushed
-** by sqlite3AuthContextPush
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext *pContext){
-  if( pContext->pParse ){
-    pContext->pParse->zAuthContext = pContext->zAuthContext;
-    pContext->pParse = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION */
-
-/************** End of auth.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file build.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains C code routines that are called by the SQLite parser
-** when syntax rules are reduced.  The routines in this file handle the
-** following kinds of SQL syntax:
-**
-**     CREATE TABLE
-**     DROP TABLE
-**     CREATE INDEX
-**     DROP INDEX
-**     creating ID lists
-**     BEGIN TRANSACTION
-**     COMMIT
-**     ROLLBACK
-*/
-
-/*
-** This routine is called when a new SQL statement is beginning to
-** be parsed.  Initialize the pParse structure as needed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginParse(Parse *pParse, int explainFlag){
-  pParse->explain = (u8)explainFlag;
-  pParse->nVar = 0;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-/*
-** The TableLock structure is only used by the sqlite3TableLock() and
-** codeTableLocks() functions.
-*/
-struct TableLock {
-  int iDb;             /* The database containing the table to be locked */
-  int iTab;            /* The root page of the table to be locked */
-  u8 isWriteLock;      /* True for write lock.  False for a read lock */
-  const char *zName;   /* Name of the table */
-};
-
-/*
-** Record the fact that we want to lock a table at run-time.  
-**
-** The table to be locked has root page iTab and is found in database iDb.
-** A read or a write lock can be taken depending on isWritelock.
-**
-** This routine just records the fact that the lock is desired.  The
-** code to make the lock occur is generated by a later call to
-** codeTableLocks() which occurs during sqlite3FinishCoding().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableLock(
-  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
-  int iDb,           /* Index of the database containing the table to lock */
-  int iTab,          /* Root page number of the table to be locked */
-  u8 isWriteLock,    /* True for a write lock */
-  const char *zName  /* Name of the table to be locked */
-){
-  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-  int i;
-  int nBytes;
-  TableLock *p;
-  assert( iDb>=0 );
-
-  for(i=0; i<pToplevel->nTableLock; i++){
-    p = &pToplevel->aTableLock[i];
-    if( p->iDb==iDb && p->iTab==iTab ){
-      p->isWriteLock = (p->isWriteLock || isWriteLock);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  nBytes = sizeof(TableLock) * (pToplevel->nTableLock+1);
-  pToplevel->aTableLock =
-      sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pToplevel->db, pToplevel->aTableLock, nBytes);
-  if( pToplevel->aTableLock ){
-    p = &pToplevel->aTableLock[pToplevel->nTableLock++];
-    p->iDb = iDb;
-    p->iTab = iTab;
-    p->isWriteLock = isWriteLock;
-    p->zName = zName;
-  }else{
-    pToplevel->nTableLock = 0;
-    pToplevel->db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Code an OP_TableLock instruction for each table locked by the
-** statement (configured by calls to sqlite3TableLock()).
-*/
-static void codeTableLocks(Parse *pParse){
-  int i;
-  Vdbe *pVdbe; 
-
-  pVdbe = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  assert( pVdbe!=0 ); /* sqlite3GetVdbe cannot fail: VDBE already allocated */
-
-  for(i=0; i<pParse->nTableLock; i++){
-    TableLock *p = &pParse->aTableLock[i];
-    int p1 = p->iDb;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pVdbe, OP_TableLock, p1, p->iTab, p->isWriteLock,
-                      p->zName, P4_STATIC);
-  }
-}
-#else
-  #define codeTableLocks(x)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This routine is called after a single SQL statement has been
-** parsed and a VDBE program to execute that statement has been
-** prepared.  This routine puts the finishing touches on the
-** VDBE program and resets the pParse structure for the next
-** parse.
-**
-** Note that if an error occurred, it might be the case that
-** no VDBE code was generated.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  Vdbe *v;
-
-  db = pParse->db;
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
-  if( pParse->nested ) return;
-  if( pParse->nErr ) return;
-
-  /* Begin by generating some termination code at the end of the
-  ** vdbe program
-  */
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  assert( !pParse->isMultiWrite 
-       || sqlite3VdbeAssertMayAbort(v, pParse->mayAbort));
-  if( v ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);
-
-    /* The cookie mask contains one bit for each database file open.
-    ** (Bit 0 is for main, bit 1 is for temp, and so forth.)  Bits are
-    ** set for each database that is used.  Generate code to start a
-    ** transaction on each used database and to verify the schema cookie
-    ** on each used database.
-    */
-    if( pParse->cookieGoto>0 ){
-      u32 mask;
-      int iDb;
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, pParse->cookieGoto-1);
-      for(iDb=0, mask=1; iDb<db->nDb; mask<<=1, iDb++){
-        if( (mask & pParse->cookieMask)==0 ) continue;
-        sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v,OP_Transaction, iDb, (mask & pParse->writeMask)!=0);
-        if( db->init.busy==0 ){
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v,OP_VerifyCookie, iDb, pParse->cookieValue[iDb]);
-        }
-      }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-      {
-        int i;
-        for(i=0; i<pParse->nVtabLock; i++){
-          char *vtab = (char *)sqlite3GetVTable(db, pParse->apVtabLock[i]);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VBegin, 0, 0, 0, vtab, P4_VTAB);
-        }
-        pParse->nVtabLock = 0;
-      }
-#endif
-
-      /* Once all the cookies have been verified and transactions opened, 
-      ** obtain the required table-locks. This is a no-op unless the 
-      ** shared-cache feature is enabled.
-      */
-      codeTableLocks(pParse);
-
-      /* Initialize any AUTOINCREMENT data structures required.
-      */
-      sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(pParse);
-
-      /* Finally, jump back to the beginning of the executable code. */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, pParse->cookieGoto);
-    }
-  }
-
-
-  /* Get the VDBE program ready for execution
-  */
-  if( v && ALWAYS(pParse->nErr==0) && !db->mallocFailed ){
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    FILE *trace = (db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace)!=0 ? stdout : 0;
-    sqlite3VdbeTrace(v, trace);
-#endif
-    assert( pParse->iCacheLevel==0 );  /* Disables and re-enables match */
-    /* A minimum of one cursor is required if autoincrement is used
-    *  See ticket [a696379c1f08866] */
-    if( pParse->pAinc!=0 && pParse->nTab==0 ) pParse->nTab = 1;
-    sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, pParse->nVar, pParse->nMem,
-                         pParse->nTab, pParse->nMaxArg, pParse->explain,
-                         pParse->isMultiWrite && pParse->mayAbort);
-    pParse->rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-    pParse->colNamesSet = 0;
-  }else{
-    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  pParse->nTab = 0;
-  pParse->nMem = 0;
-  pParse->nSet = 0;
-  pParse->nVar = 0;
-  pParse->cookieMask = 0;
-  pParse->cookieGoto = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Run the parser and code generator recursively in order to generate
-** code for the SQL statement given onto the end of the pParse context
-** currently under construction.  When the parser is run recursively
-** this way, the final OP_Halt is not appended and other initialization
-** and finalization steps are omitted because those are handling by the
-** outermost parser.
-**
-** Not everything is nestable.  This facility is designed to permit
-** INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations against SQLITE_MASTER.  Use
-** care if you decide to try to use this routine for some other purposes.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  char *zSql;
-  char *zErrMsg = 0;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-# define SAVE_SZ  (sizeof(Parse) - offsetof(Parse,nVar))
-  char saveBuf[SAVE_SZ];
-
-  if( pParse->nErr ) return;
-  assert( pParse->nested<10 );  /* Nesting should only be of limited depth */
-  va_start(ap, zFormat);
-  zSql = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  if( zSql==0 ){
-    return;   /* A malloc must have failed */
-  }
-  pParse->nested++;
-  memcpy(saveBuf, &pParse->nVar, SAVE_SZ);
-  memset(&pParse->nVar, 0, SAVE_SZ);
-  sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zSql, &zErrMsg);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
-  memcpy(&pParse->nVar, saveBuf, SAVE_SZ);
-  pParse->nested--;
-}
-
-/*
-** Locate the in-memory structure that describes a particular database
-** table given the name of that table and (optionally) the name of the
-** database containing the table.  Return NULL if not found.
-**
-** If zDatabase is 0, all databases are searched for the table and the
-** first matching table is returned.  (No checking for duplicate table
-** names is done.)  The search order is TEMP first, then MAIN, then any
-** auxiliary databases added using the ATTACH command.
-**
-** See also sqlite3LocateTable().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDatabase){
-  Table *p = 0;
-  int i;
-  int nName;
-  assert( zName!=0 );
-  nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-  for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;   /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
-    if( zDatabase!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zDatabase, db->aDb[j].zName) ) continue;
-    p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[j].pSchema->tblHash, zName, nName);
-    if( p ) break;
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Locate the in-memory structure that describes a particular database
-** table given the name of that table and (optionally) the name of the
-** database containing the table.  Return NULL if not found.  Also leave an
-** error message in pParse->zErrMsg.
-**
-** The difference between this routine and sqlite3FindTable() is that this
-** routine leaves an error message in pParse->zErrMsg where
-** sqlite3FindTable() does not.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3LocateTable(
-  Parse *pParse,         /* context in which to report errors */
-  int isView,            /* True if looking for a VIEW rather than a TABLE */
-  const char *zName,     /* Name of the table we are looking for */
-  const char *zDbase     /* Name of the database.  Might be NULL */
-){
-  Table *p;
-
-  /* Read the database schema. If an error occurs, leave an error message
-  ** and code in pParse and return NULL. */
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  p = sqlite3FindTable(pParse->db, zName, zDbase);
-  if( p==0 ){
-    const char *zMsg = isView ? "no such view" : "no such table";
-    if( zDbase ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zMsg, zDbase, zName);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s", zMsg, zName);
-    }
-    pParse->checkSchema = 1;
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Locate the in-memory structure that describes 
-** a particular index given the name of that index
-** and the name of the database that contains the index.
-** Return NULL if not found.
-**
-** If zDatabase is 0, all databases are searched for the
-** table and the first matching index is returned.  (No checking
-** for duplicate index names is done.)  The search order is
-** TEMP first, then MAIN, then any auxiliary databases added
-** using the ATTACH command.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDb){
-  Index *p = 0;
-  int i;
-  int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-  for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;  /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
-    Schema *pSchema = db->aDb[j].pSchema;
-    assert( pSchema );
-    if( zDb && sqlite3StrICmp(zDb, db->aDb[j].zName) ) continue;
-    p = sqlite3HashFind(&pSchema->idxHash, zName, nName);
-    if( p ) break;
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Reclaim the memory used by an index
-*/
-static void freeIndex(Index *p){
-  sqlite3 *db = p->pTable->dbMem;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
-  sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(p);
-#endif
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zColAff);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Remove the given index from the index hash table, and free
-** its memory structures.
-**
-** The index is removed from the database hash tables but
-** it is not unlinked from the Table that it indexes.
-** Unlinking from the Table must be done by the calling function.
-*/
-static void sqlite3DeleteIndex(Index *p){
-  Index *pOld;
-  const char *zName = p->zName;
-
-  pOld = sqlite3HashInsert(&p->pSchema->idxHash, zName,
-                           sqlite3Strlen30(zName), 0);
-  assert( pOld==0 || pOld==p );
-  freeIndex(p);
-}
-
-/*
-** For the index called zIdxName which is found in the database iDb,
-** unlike that index from its Table then remove the index from
-** the index hash table and free all memory structures associated
-** with the index.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zIdxName){
-  Index *pIndex;
-  int len;
-  Hash *pHash = &db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->idxHash;
-
-  len = sqlite3Strlen30(zIdxName);
-  pIndex = sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, zIdxName, len, 0);
-  if( pIndex ){
-    if( pIndex->pTable->pIndex==pIndex ){
-      pIndex->pTable->pIndex = pIndex->pNext;
-    }else{
-      Index *p;
-      /* Justification of ALWAYS();  The index must be on the list of
-      ** indices. */
-      p = pIndex->pTable->pIndex;
-      while( ALWAYS(p) && p->pNext!=pIndex ){ p = p->pNext; }
-      if( ALWAYS(p && p->pNext==pIndex) ){
-        p->pNext = pIndex->pNext;
-      }
-    }
-    freeIndex(pIndex);
-  }
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
-}
-
-/*
-** Erase all schema information from the in-memory hash tables of
-** a single database.  This routine is called to reclaim memory
-** before the database closes.  It is also called during a rollback
-** if there were schema changes during the transaction or if a
-** schema-cookie mismatch occurs.
-**
-** If iDb==0 then reset the internal schema tables for all database
-** files.  If iDb>=1 then reset the internal schema for only the
-** single file indicated.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
-  int i, j;
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
-
-  if( iDb==0 ){
-    sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-  }
-  for(i=iDb; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    Db *pDb = &db->aDb[i];
-    if( pDb->pSchema ){
-      assert(i==1 || (pDb->pBt && sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(pDb->pBt)));
-      sqlite3SchemaFree(pDb->pSchema);
-    }
-    if( iDb>0 ) return;
-  }
-  assert( iDb==0 );
-  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_InternChanges;
-  sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);
-  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
-
-  /* If one or more of the auxiliary database files has been closed,
-  ** then remove them from the auxiliary database list.  We take the
-  ** opportunity to do this here since we have just deleted all of the
-  ** schema hash tables and therefore do not have to make any changes
-  ** to any of those tables.
-  */
-  for(i=j=2; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    struct Db *pDb = &db->aDb[i];
-    if( pDb->pBt==0 ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pDb->zName);
-      pDb->zName = 0;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if( j<i ){
-      db->aDb[j] = db->aDb[i];
-    }
-    j++;
-  }
-  memset(&db->aDb[j], 0, (db->nDb-j)*sizeof(db->aDb[j]));
-  db->nDb = j;
-  if( db->nDb<=2 && db->aDb!=db->aDbStatic ){
-    memcpy(db->aDbStatic, db->aDb, 2*sizeof(db->aDb[0]));
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, db->aDb);
-    db->aDb = db->aDbStatic;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called when a commit occurs.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3 *db){
-  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_InternChanges;
-}
-
-/*
-** Clear the column names from a table or view.
-*/
-static void sqliteResetColumnNames(Table *pTable){
-  int i;
-  Column *pCol;
-  sqlite3 *db = pTable->dbMem;
-  testcase( db==0 );
-  assert( pTable!=0 );
-  if( (pCol = pTable->aCol)!=0 ){
-    for(i=0; i<pTable->nCol; i++, pCol++){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zName);
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCol->pDflt);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zDflt);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zType);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zColl);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->aCol);
-  }
-  pTable->aCol = 0;
-  pTable->nCol = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Remove the memory data structures associated with the given
-** Table.  No changes are made to disk by this routine.
-**
-** This routine just deletes the data structure.  It does not unlink
-** the table data structure from the hash table.  But it does destroy
-** memory structures of the indices and foreign keys associated with 
-** the table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTable(Table *pTable){
-  Index *pIndex, *pNext;
-  sqlite3 *db;
-
-  if( pTable==0 ) return;
-  db = pTable->dbMem;
-  testcase( db==0 );
-
-  /* Do not delete the table until the reference count reaches zero. */
-  pTable->nRef--;
-  if( pTable->nRef>0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( pTable->nRef==0 );
-
-  /* Delete all indices associated with this table
-  */
-  for(pIndex = pTable->pIndex; pIndex; pIndex=pNext){
-    pNext = pIndex->pNext;
-    assert( pIndex->pSchema==pTable->pSchema );
-    sqlite3DeleteIndex(pIndex);
-  }
-
-  /* Delete any foreign keys attached to this table. */
-  sqlite3FkDelete(pTable);
-
-  /* Delete the Table structure itself.
-  */
-  sqliteResetColumnNames(pTable);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zName);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zColAff);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pTable->pSelect);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pTable->pCheck);
-#endif
-  sqlite3VtabClear(pTable);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable);
-}
-
-/*
-** Unlink the given table from the hash tables and the delete the
-** table structure with all its indices and foreign keys.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zTabName){
-  Table *p;
-  Db *pDb;
-
-  assert( db!=0 );
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
-  assert( zTabName );
-  testcase( zTabName[0]==0 );  /* Zero-length table names are allowed */
-  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
-  p = sqlite3HashInsert(&pDb->pSchema->tblHash, zTabName,
-                        sqlite3Strlen30(zTabName),0);
-  sqlite3DeleteTable(p);
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
-}
-
-/*
-** Given a token, return a string that consists of the text of that
-** token.  Space to hold the returned string
-** is obtained from sqliteMalloc() and must be freed by the calling
-** function.
-**
-** Any quotation marks (ex:  "name", 'name', [name], or `name`) that
-** surround the body of the token are removed.
-**
-** Tokens are often just pointers into the original SQL text and so
-** are not \000 terminated and are not persistent.  The returned string
-** is \000 terminated and is persistent.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3 *db, Token *pName){
-  char *zName;
-  if( pName ){
-    zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pName->z, pName->n);
-    sqlite3Dequote(zName);
-  }else{
-    zName = 0;
-  }
-  return zName;
-}
-
-/*
-** Open the sqlite_master table stored in database number iDb for
-** writing. The table is opened using cursor 0.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *p, int iDb){
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(p);
-  sqlite3TableLock(p, iDb, MASTER_ROOT, 1, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb));
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenWrite, 0, MASTER_ROOT, iDb);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char *)5, P4_INT32);  /* 5 column table */
-  if( p->nTab==0 ){
-    p->nTab = 1;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Parameter zName points to a nul-terminated buffer containing the name
-** of a database ("main", "temp" or the name of an attached db). This
-** function returns the index of the named database in db->aDb[], or
-** -1 if the named db cannot be found.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName){
-  int i = -1;         /* Database number */
-  if( zName ){
-    Db *pDb;
-    int n = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-    for(i=(db->nDb-1), pDb=&db->aDb[i]; i>=0; i--, pDb--){
-      if( (!OMIT_TEMPDB || i!=1 ) && n==sqlite3Strlen30(pDb->zName) && 
-          0==sqlite3StrICmp(pDb->zName, zName) ){
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return i;
-}
-
-/*
-** The token *pName contains the name of a database (either "main" or
-** "temp" or the name of an attached db). This routine returns the
-** index of the named database in db->aDb[], or -1 if the named db 
-** does not exist.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3 *db, Token *pName){
-  int i;                               /* Database number */
-  char *zName;                         /* Name we are searching for */
-  zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
-  i = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zName);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
-  return i;
-}
-
-/* The table or view or trigger name is passed to this routine via tokens
-** pName1 and pName2. If the table name was fully qualified, for example:
-**
-** CREATE TABLE xxx.yyy (...);
-** 
-** Then pName1 is set to "xxx" and pName2 "yyy". On the other hand if
-** the table name is not fully qualified, i.e.:
-**
-** CREATE TABLE yyy(...);
-**
-** Then pName1 is set to "yyy" and pName2 is "".
-**
-** This routine sets the *ppUnqual pointer to point at the token (pName1 or
-** pName2) that stores the unqualified table name.  The index of the
-** database "xxx" is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TwoPartName(
-  Parse *pParse,      /* Parsing and code generating context */
-  Token *pName1,      /* The "xxx" in the name "xxx.yyy" or "xxx" */
-  Token *pName2,      /* The "yyy" in the name "xxx.yyy" */
-  Token **pUnqual     /* Write the unqualified object name here */
-){
-  int iDb;                    /* Database holding the object */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  if( ALWAYS(pName2!=0) && pName2->n>0 ){
-    if( db->init.busy ) {
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "corrupt database");
-      pParse->nErr++;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    *pUnqual = pName2;
-    iDb = sqlite3FindDb(db, pName1);
-    if( iDb<0 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown database %T", pName1);
-      pParse->nErr++;
-      return -1;
-    }
-  }else{
-    assert( db->init.iDb==0 || db->init.busy );
-    iDb = db->init.iDb;
-    *pUnqual = pName1;
-  }
-  return iDb;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is used to check if the UTF-8 string zName is a legal
-** unqualified name for a new schema object (table, index, view or
-** trigger). All names are legal except those that begin with the string
-** "sqlite_" (in upper, lower or mixed case). This portion of the namespace
-** is reserved for internal use.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *pParse, const char *zName){
-  if( !pParse->db->init.busy && pParse->nested==0 
-          && (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0
-          && 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(zName, "sqlite_", 7) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "object name reserved for internal use: %s", zName);
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Begin constructing a new table representation in memory.  This is
-** the first of several action routines that get called in response
-** to a CREATE TABLE statement.  In particular, this routine is called
-** after seeing tokens "CREATE" and "TABLE" and the table name. The isTemp
-** flag is true if the table should be stored in the auxiliary database
-** file instead of in the main database file.  This is normally the case
-** when the "TEMP" or "TEMPORARY" keyword occurs in between
-** CREATE and TABLE.
-**
-** The new table record is initialized and put in pParse->pNewTable.
-** As more of the CREATE TABLE statement is parsed, additional action
-** routines will be called to add more information to this record.
-** At the end of the CREATE TABLE statement, the sqlite3EndTable() routine
-** is called to complete the construction of the new table record.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StartTable(
-  Parse *pParse,   /* Parser context */
-  Token *pName1,   /* First part of the name of the table or view */
-  Token *pName2,   /* Second part of the name of the table or view */
-  int isTemp,      /* True if this is a TEMP table */
-  int isView,      /* True if this is a VIEW */
-  int isVirtual,   /* True if this is a VIRTUAL table */
-  int noErr        /* Do nothing if table already exists */
-){
-  Table *pTable;
-  char *zName = 0; /* The name of the new table */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  Vdbe *v;
-  int iDb;         /* Database number to create the table in */
-  Token *pName;    /* Unqualified name of the table to create */
-
-  /* The table or view name to create is passed to this routine via tokens
-  ** pName1 and pName2. If the table name was fully qualified, for example:
-  **
-  ** CREATE TABLE xxx.yyy (...);
-  ** 
-  ** Then pName1 is set to "xxx" and pName2 "yyy". On the other hand if
-  ** the table name is not fully qualified, i.e.:
-  **
-  ** CREATE TABLE yyy(...);
-  **
-  ** Then pName1 is set to "yyy" and pName2 is "".
-  **
-  ** The call below sets the pName pointer to point at the token (pName1 or
-  ** pName2) that stores the unqualified table name. The variable iDb is
-  ** set to the index of the database that the table or view is to be
-  ** created in.
-  */
-  iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
-  if( iDb<0 ) return;
-  if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && isTemp && iDb>1 ){
-    /* If creating a temp table, the name may not be qualified */
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "temporary table name must be unqualified");
-    return;
-  }
-  if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && isTemp ) iDb = 1;
-
-  pParse->sNameToken = *pName;
-  zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
-  if( zName==0 ) return;
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName) ){
-    goto begin_table_error;
-  }
-  if( db->init.iDb==1 ) isTemp = 1;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  assert( (isTemp & 1)==isTemp );
-  {
-    int code;
-    char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_INSERT, SCHEMA_TABLE(isTemp), 0, zDb) ){
-      goto begin_table_error;
-    }
-    if( isView ){
-      if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && isTemp ){
-        code = SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW;
-      }else{
-        code = SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW;
-      }
-    }else{
-      if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && isTemp ){
-        code = SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE;
-      }else{
-        code = SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE;
-      }
-    }
-    if( !isVirtual && sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, code, zName, 0, zDb) ){
-      goto begin_table_error;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Make sure the new table name does not collide with an existing
-  ** index or table name in the same database.  Issue an error message if
-  ** it does. The exception is if the statement being parsed was passed
-  ** to an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call. In that case only the column names
-  ** and types will be used, so there is no need to test for namespace
-  ** collisions.
-  */
-  if( !IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
-    if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
-      goto begin_table_error;
-    }
-    pTable = sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, db->aDb[iDb].zName);
-    if( pTable ){
-      if( !noErr ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %T already exists", pName);
-      }
-      goto begin_table_error;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3FindIndex(db, zName, 0)!=0 && (iDb==0 || !db->init.busy) ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "there is already an index named %s", zName);
-      goto begin_table_error;
-    }
-  }
-
-  pTable = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
-  if( pTable==0 ){
-    db->mallocFailed = 1;
-    pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    pParse->nErr++;
-    goto begin_table_error;
-  }
-  pTable->zName = zName;
-  pTable->iPKey = -1;
-  pTable->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
-  pTable->nRef = 1;
-  pTable->dbMem = 0;
-  assert( pParse->pNewTable==0 );
-  pParse->pNewTable = pTable;
-
-  /* If this is the magic sqlite_sequence table used by autoincrement,
-  ** then record a pointer to this table in the main database structure
-  ** so that INSERT can find the table easily.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-  if( !pParse->nested && strcmp(zName, "sqlite_sequence")==0 ){
-    pTable->pSchema->pSeqTab = pTable;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Begin generating the code that will insert the table record into
-  ** the SQLITE_MASTER table.  Note in particular that we must go ahead
-  ** and allocate the record number for the table entry now.  Before any
-  ** PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE keywords are parsed.  Those keywords will cause
-  ** indices to be created and the table record must come before the 
-  ** indices.  Hence, the record number for the table must be allocated
-  ** now.
-  */
-  if( !db->init.busy && (v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse))!=0 ){
-    int j1;
-    int fileFormat;
-    int reg1, reg2, reg3;
-    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-    if( isVirtual ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_VBegin);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* If the file format and encoding in the database have not been set, 
-    ** set them now.
-    */
-    reg1 = pParse->regRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
-    reg2 = pParse->regRoot = ++pParse->nMem;
-    reg3 = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_ReadCookie, iDb, reg3, BTREE_FILE_FORMAT);
-    sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
-    j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, reg3);
-    fileFormat = (db->flags & SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt)!=0 ?
-                  1 : SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, fileFormat, reg3);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, BTREE_FILE_FORMAT, reg3);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, ENC(db), reg3);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING, reg3);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
-
-    /* This just creates a place-holder record in the sqlite_master table.
-    ** The record created does not contain anything yet.  It will be replaced
-    ** by the real entry in code generated at sqlite3EndTable().
-    **
-    ** The rowid for the new entry is left in register pParse->regRowid.
-    ** The root page number of the new table is left in reg pParse->regRoot.
-    ** The rowid and root page number values are needed by the code that
-    ** sqlite3EndTable will generate.
-    */
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
-    if( isView || isVirtual ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, reg2);
-    }else
-#endif
-    {
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_CreateTable, iDb, reg2);
-    }
-    sqlite3OpenMasterTable(pParse, iDb);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, 0, reg1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, reg3);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, 0, reg3, reg1);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Close);
-  }
-
-  /* Normal (non-error) return. */
-  return;
-
-  /* If an error occurs, we jump here */
-begin_table_error:
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
-  return;
-}
-
-/*
-** This macro is used to compare two strings in a case-insensitive manner.
-** It is slightly faster than calling sqlite3StrICmp() directly, but
-** produces larger code.
-**
-** WARNING: This macro is not compatible with the strcmp() family. It
-** returns true if the two strings are equal, otherwise false.
-*/
-#define STRICMP(x, y) (\
-sqlite3UpperToLower[*(unsigned char *)(x)]==   \
-sqlite3UpperToLower[*(unsigned char *)(y)]     \
-&& sqlite3StrICmp((x)+1,(y)+1)==0 )
-
-/*
-** Add a new column to the table currently being constructed.
-**
-** The parser calls this routine once for each column declaration
-** in a CREATE TABLE statement.  sqlite3StartTable() gets called
-** first to get things going.  Then this routine is called for each
-** column.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse *pParse, Token *pName){
-  Table *p;
-  int i;
-  char *z;
-  Column *pCol;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)==0 ) return;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
-  if( p->nCol+1>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns on %s", p->zName);
-    return;
-  }
-#endif
-  z = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
-  if( z==0 ) return;
-  for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++){
-    if( STRICMP(z, p->aCol[i].zName) ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "duplicate column name: %s", z);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  if( (p->nCol & 0x7)==0 ){
-    Column *aNew;
-    aNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db,p->aCol,(p->nCol+8)*sizeof(p->aCol[0]));
-    if( aNew==0 ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
-      return;
-    }
-    p->aCol = aNew;
-  }
-  pCol = &p->aCol[p->nCol];
-  memset(pCol, 0, sizeof(p->aCol[0]));
-  pCol->zName = z;
- 
-  /* If there is no type specified, columns have the default affinity
-  ** 'NONE'. If there is a type specified, then sqlite3AddColumnType() will
-  ** be called next to set pCol->affinity correctly.
-  */
-  pCol->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-  p->nCol++;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called by the parser while in the middle of
-** parsing a CREATE TABLE statement.  A "NOT NULL" constraint has
-** been seen on a column.  This routine sets the notNull flag on
-** the column currently under construction.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse *pParse, int onError){
-  Table *p;
-  p = pParse->pNewTable;
-  if( p==0 || NEVER(p->nCol<1) ) return;
-  p->aCol[p->nCol-1].notNull = (u8)onError;
-}
-
-/*
-** Scan the column type name zType (length nType) and return the
-** associated affinity type.
-**
-** This routine does a case-independent search of zType for the 
-** substrings in the following table. If one of the substrings is
-** found, the corresponding affinity is returned. If zType contains
-** more than one of the substrings, entries toward the top of 
-** the table take priority. For example, if zType is 'BLOBINT', 
-** SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER is returned.
-**
-** Substring     | Affinity
-** --------------------------------
-** 'INT'         | SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER
-** 'CHAR'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
-** 'CLOB'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
-** 'TEXT'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
-** 'BLOB'        | SQLITE_AFF_NONE
-** 'REAL'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
-** 'FLOA'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
-** 'DOUB'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
-**
-** If none of the substrings in the above table are found,
-** SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3AffinityType(const char *zIn){
-  u32 h = 0;
-  char aff = SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
-
-  if( zIn ) while( zIn[0] ){
-    h = (h<<8) + sqlite3UpperToLower[(*zIn)&0xff];
-    zIn++;
-    if( h==(('c'<<24)+('h'<<16)+('a'<<8)+'r') ){             /* CHAR */
-      aff = SQLITE_AFF_TEXT; 
-    }else if( h==(('c'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'b') ){       /* CLOB */
-      aff = SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
-    }else if( h==(('t'<<24)+('e'<<16)+('x'<<8)+'t') ){       /* TEXT */
-      aff = SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
-    }else if( h==(('b'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'b')          /* BLOB */
-        && (aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC || aff==SQLITE_AFF_REAL) ){
-      aff = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-    }else if( h==(('r'<<24)+('e'<<16)+('a'<<8)+'l')          /* REAL */
-        && aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
-      aff = SQLITE_AFF_REAL;
-    }else if( h==(('f'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'a')          /* FLOA */
-        && aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
-      aff = SQLITE_AFF_REAL;
-    }else if( h==(('d'<<24)+('o'<<16)+('u'<<8)+'b')          /* DOUB */
-        && aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
-      aff = SQLITE_AFF_REAL;
-#endif
-    }else if( (h&0x00FFFFFF)==(('i'<<16)+('n'<<8)+'t') ){    /* INT */
-      aff = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return aff;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called by the parser while in the middle of
-** parsing a CREATE TABLE statement.  The pFirst token is the first
-** token in the sequence of tokens that describe the type of the
-** column currently under construction.   pLast is the last token
-** in the sequence.  Use this information to construct a string
-** that contains the typename of the column and store that string
-** in zType.
-*/ 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddColumnType(Parse *pParse, Token *pType){
-  Table *p;
-  Column *pCol;
-
-  p = pParse->pNewTable;
-  if( p==0 || NEVER(p->nCol<1) ) return;
-  pCol = &p->aCol[p->nCol-1];
-  assert( pCol->zType==0 );
-  pCol->zType = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pType);
-  pCol->affinity = sqlite3AffinityType(pCol->zType);
-}
-
-/*
-** The expression is the default value for the most recently added column
-** of the table currently under construction.
-**
-** Default value expressions must be constant.  Raise an exception if this
-** is not the case.
-**
-** This routine is called by the parser while in the middle of
-** parsing a CREATE TABLE statement.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse *pParse, ExprSpan *pSpan){
-  Table *p;
-  Column *pCol;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  p = pParse->pNewTable;
-  if( p!=0 ){
-    pCol = &(p->aCol[p->nCol-1]);
-    if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(pSpan->pExpr) ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "default value of column [%s] is not constant",
-          pCol->zName);
-    }else{
-      /* A copy of pExpr is used instead of the original, as pExpr contains
-      ** tokens that point to volatile memory. The 'span' of the expression
-      ** is required by pragma table_info.
-      */
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCol->pDflt);
-      pCol->pDflt = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSpan->pExpr, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zDflt);
-      pCol->zDflt = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pSpan->zStart,
-                                     (int)(pSpan->zEnd - pSpan->zStart));
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pSpan->pExpr);
-}
-
-/*
-** Designate the PRIMARY KEY for the table.  pList is a list of names 
-** of columns that form the primary key.  If pList is NULL, then the
-** most recently added column of the table is the primary key.
-**
-** A table can have at most one primary key.  If the table already has
-** a primary key (and this is the second primary key) then create an
-** error.
-**
-** If the PRIMARY KEY is on a single column whose datatype is INTEGER,
-** then we will try to use that column as the rowid.  Set the Table.iPKey
-** field of the table under construction to be the index of the
-** INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column.  Table.iPKey is set to -1 if there is
-** no INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.
-**
-** If the key is not an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, then create a unique
-** index for the key.  No index is created for INTEGER PRIMARY KEYs.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(
-  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
-  ExprList *pList,  /* List of field names to be indexed */
-  int onError,      /* What to do with a uniqueness conflict */
-  int autoInc,      /* True if the AUTOINCREMENT keyword is present */
-  int sortOrder     /* SQLITE_SO_ASC or SQLITE_SO_DESC */
-){
-  Table *pTab = pParse->pNewTable;
-  char *zType = 0;
-  int iCol = -1, i;
-  if( pTab==0 || IN_DECLARE_VTAB ) goto primary_key_exit;
-  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasPrimaryKey ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-      "table \"%s\" has more than one primary key", pTab->zName);
-    goto primary_key_exit;
-  }
-  pTab->tabFlags |= TF_HasPrimaryKey;
-  if( pList==0 ){
-    iCol = pTab->nCol - 1;
-    pTab->aCol[iCol].isPrimKey = 1;
-  }else{
-    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-      for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
-        if( sqlite3StrICmp(pList->a[i].zName, pTab->aCol[iCol].zName)==0 ){
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if( iCol<pTab->nCol ){
-        pTab->aCol[iCol].isPrimKey = 1;
-      }
-    }
-    if( pList->nExpr>1 ) iCol = -1;
-  }
-  if( iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol ){
-    zType = pTab->aCol[iCol].zType;
-  }
-  if( zType && sqlite3StrICmp(zType, "INTEGER")==0
-        && sortOrder==SQLITE_SO_ASC ){
-    pTab->iPKey = iCol;
-    pTab->keyConf = (u8)onError;
-    assert( autoInc==0 || autoInc==1 );
-    pTab->tabFlags |= autoInc*TF_Autoincrement;
-  }else if( autoInc ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "AUTOINCREMENT is only allowed on an "
-       "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY");
-#endif
-  }else{
-    Index *p;
-    p = sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, 0, 0, 0, pList, onError, 0, 0, sortOrder, 0);
-    if( p ){
-      p->autoIndex = 2;
-    }
-    pList = 0;
-  }
-
-primary_key_exit:
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
-  return;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add a new CHECK constraint to the table currently under construction.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(
-  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
-  Expr *pCheckExpr  /* The check expression */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-  Table *pTab = pParse->pNewTable;
-  if( pTab && !IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
-    pTab->pCheck = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pTab->pCheck, pCheckExpr);
-  }else
-#endif
-  {
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCheckExpr);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the collation function of the most recently parsed table column
-** to the CollSeq given.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse *pParse, Token *pToken){
-  Table *p;
-  int i;
-  char *zColl;              /* Dequoted name of collation sequence */
-  sqlite3 *db;
-
-  if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)==0 ) return;
-  i = p->nCol-1;
-  db = pParse->db;
-  zColl = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pToken);
-  if( !zColl ) return;
-
-  if( sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zColl) ){
-    Index *pIdx;
-    p->aCol[i].zColl = zColl;
-  
-    /* If the column is declared as "<name> PRIMARY KEY COLLATE <type>",
-    ** then an index may have been created on this column before the
-    ** collation type was added. Correct this if it is the case.
-    */
-    for(pIdx=p->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-      assert( pIdx->nColumn==1 );
-      if( pIdx->aiColumn[0]==i ){
-        pIdx->azColl[0] = p->aCol[i].zColl;
-      }
-    }
-  }else{
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zColl);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function returns the collation sequence for database native text
-** encoding identified by the string zName, length nName.
-**
-** If the requested collation sequence is not available, or not available
-** in the database native encoding, the collation factory is invoked to
-** request it. If the collation factory does not supply such a sequence,
-** and the sequence is available in another text encoding, then that is
-** returned instead.
-**
-** If no versions of the requested collations sequence are available, or
-** another error occurs, NULL is returned and an error message written into
-** pParse.
-**
-** This routine is a wrapper around sqlite3FindCollSeq().  This routine
-** invokes the collation factory if the named collation cannot be found
-** and generates an error message.
-**
-** See also: sqlite3FindCollSeq(), sqlite3GetCollSeq()
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char *zName){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  u8 enc = ENC(db);
-  u8 initbusy = db->init.busy;
-  CollSeq *pColl;
-
-  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, initbusy);
-  if( !initbusy && (!pColl || !pColl->xCmp) ){
-    pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(db, enc, pColl, zName);
-    if( !pColl ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such collation sequence: %s", zName);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return pColl;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will increment the schema cookie.
-**
-** The schema cookie is used to determine when the schema for the
-** database changes.  After each schema change, the cookie value
-** changes.  When a process first reads the schema it records the
-** cookie.  Thereafter, whenever it goes to access the database,
-** it checks the cookie to make sure the schema has not changed
-** since it was last read.
-**
-** This plan is not completely bullet-proof.  It is possible for
-** the schema to change multiple times and for the cookie to be
-** set back to prior value.  But schema changes are infrequent
-** and the probability of hitting the same cookie value is only
-** 1 chance in 2^32.  So we're safe enough.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
-  int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->schema_cookie+1, r1);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION, r1);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-}
-
-/*
-** Measure the number of characters needed to output the given
-** identifier.  The number returned includes any quotes used
-** but does not include the null terminator.
-**
-** The estimate is conservative.  It might be larger that what is
-** really needed.
-*/
-static int identLength(const char *z){
-  int n;
-  for(n=0; *z; n++, z++){
-    if( *z=='"' ){ n++; }
-  }
-  return n + 2;
-}
-
-/*
-** The first parameter is a pointer to an output buffer. The second 
-** parameter is a pointer to an integer that contains the offset at
-** which to write into the output buffer. This function copies the
-** nul-terminated string pointed to by the third parameter, zSignedIdent,
-** to the specified offset in the buffer and updates *pIdx to refer
-** to the first byte after the last byte written before returning.
-** 
-** If the string zSignedIdent consists entirely of alpha-numeric
-** characters, does not begin with a digit and is not an SQL keyword,
-** then it is copied to the output buffer exactly as it is. Otherwise,
-** it is quoted using double-quotes.
-*/
-static void identPut(char *z, int *pIdx, char *zSignedIdent){
-  unsigned char *zIdent = (unsigned char*)zSignedIdent;
-  int i, j, needQuote;
-  i = *pIdx;
-
-  for(j=0; zIdent[j]; j++){
-    if( !sqlite3Isalnum(zIdent[j]) && zIdent[j]!='_' ) break;
-  }
-  needQuote = sqlite3Isdigit(zIdent[0]) || sqlite3KeywordCode(zIdent, j)!=TK_ID;
-  if( !needQuote ){
-    needQuote = zIdent[j];
-  }
-
-  if( needQuote ) z[i++] = '"';
-  for(j=0; zIdent[j]; j++){
-    z[i++] = zIdent[j];
-    if( zIdent[j]=='"' ) z[i++] = '"';
-  }
-  if( needQuote ) z[i++] = '"';
-  z[i] = 0;
-  *pIdx = i;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate a CREATE TABLE statement appropriate for the given
-** table.  Memory to hold the text of the statement is obtained
-** from sqliteMalloc() and must be freed by the calling function.
-*/
-static char *createTableStmt(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
-  int i, k, n;
-  char *zStmt;
-  char *zSep, *zSep2, *zEnd;
-  Column *pCol;
-  n = 0;
-  for(pCol = p->aCol, i=0; i<p->nCol; i++, pCol++){
-    n += identLength(pCol->zName) + 5;
-  }
-  n += identLength(p->zName);
-  if( n<50 ){ 
-    zSep = "";
-    zSep2 = ",";
-    zEnd = ")";
-  }else{
-    zSep = "\n  ";
-    zSep2 = ",\n  ";
-    zEnd = "\n)";
-  }
-  n += 35 + 6*p->nCol;
-  zStmt = sqlite3Malloc( n );
-  if( zStmt==0 ){
-    db->mallocFailed = 1;
-    return 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3_snprintf(n, zStmt, "CREATE TABLE ");
-  k = sqlite3Strlen30(zStmt);
-  identPut(zStmt, &k, p->zName);
-  zStmt[k++] = '(';
-  for(pCol=p->aCol, i=0; i<p->nCol; i++, pCol++){
-    static const char * const azType[] = {
-        /* SQLITE_AFF_TEXT    */ " TEXT",
-        /* SQLITE_AFF_NONE    */ "",
-        /* SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC */ " NUM",
-        /* SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER */ " INT",
-        /* SQLITE_AFF_REAL    */ " REAL"
-    };
-    int len;
-    const char *zType;
-
-    sqlite3_snprintf(n-k, &zStmt[k], zSep);
-    k += sqlite3Strlen30(&zStmt[k]);
-    zSep = zSep2;
-    identPut(zStmt, &k, pCol->zName);
-    assert( pCol->affinity-SQLITE_AFF_TEXT >= 0 );
-    assert( pCol->affinity-SQLITE_AFF_TEXT < sizeof(azType)/sizeof(azType[0]) );
-    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
-    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NONE );
-    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
-    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );
-    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
-    
-    zType = azType[pCol->affinity - SQLITE_AFF_TEXT];
-    len = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);
-    assert( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NONE 
-            || pCol->affinity==sqlite3AffinityType(zType) );
-    memcpy(&zStmt[k], zType, len);
-    k += len;
-    assert( k<=n );
-  }
-  sqlite3_snprintf(n-k, &zStmt[k], "%s", zEnd);
-  return zStmt;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called to report the final ")" that terminates
-** a CREATE TABLE statement.
-**
-** The table structure that other action routines have been building
-** is added to the internal hash tables, assuming no errors have
-** occurred.
-**
-** An entry for the table is made in the master table on disk, unless
-** this is a temporary table or db->init.busy==1.  When db->init.busy==1
-** it means we are reading the sqlite_master table because we just
-** connected to the database or because the sqlite_master table has
-** recently changed, so the entry for this table already exists in
-** the sqlite_master table.  We do not want to create it again.
-**
-** If the pSelect argument is not NULL, it means that this routine
-** was called to create a table generated from a 
-** "CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT ..." statement.  The column names of
-** the new table will match the result set of the SELECT.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parse context */
-  Token *pCons,           /* The ',' token after the last column defn. */
-  Token *pEnd,            /* The final ')' token in the CREATE TABLE */
-  Select *pSelect         /* Select from a "CREATE ... AS SELECT" */
-){
-  Table *p;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int iDb;
-
-  if( (pEnd==0 && pSelect==0) || db->mallocFailed ){
-    return;
-  }
-  p = pParse->pNewTable;
-  if( p==0 ) return;
-
-  assert( !db->init.busy || !pSelect );
-
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, p->pSchema);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-  /* Resolve names in all CHECK constraint expressions.
-  */
-  if( p->pCheck ){
-    SrcList sSrc;                   /* Fake SrcList for pParse->pNewTable */
-    NameContext sNC;                /* Name context for pParse->pNewTable */
-
-    memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
-    memset(&sSrc, 0, sizeof(sSrc));
-    sSrc.nSrc = 1;
-    sSrc.a[0].zName = p->zName;
-    sSrc.a[0].pTab = p;
-    sSrc.a[0].iCursor = -1;
-    sNC.pParse = pParse;
-    sNC.pSrcList = &sSrc;
-    sNC.isCheck = 1;
-    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pCheck) ){
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK) */
-
-  /* If the db->init.busy is 1 it means we are reading the SQL off the
-  ** "sqlite_master" or "sqlite_temp_master" table on the disk.
-  ** So do not write to the disk again.  Extract the root page number
-  ** for the table from the db->init.newTnum field.  (The page number
-  ** should have been put there by the sqliteOpenCb routine.)
-  */
-  if( db->init.busy ){
-    p->tnum = db->init.newTnum;
-  }
-
-  /* If not initializing, then create a record for the new table
-  ** in the SQLITE_MASTER table of the database.
-  **
-  ** If this is a TEMPORARY table, write the entry into the auxiliary
-  ** file instead of into the main database file.
-  */
-  if( !db->init.busy ){
-    int n;
-    Vdbe *v;
-    char *zType;    /* "view" or "table" */
-    char *zType2;   /* "VIEW" or "TABLE" */
-    char *zStmt;    /* Text of the CREATE TABLE or CREATE VIEW statement */
-
-    v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-    if( NEVER(v==0) ) return;
-
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, 0);
-
-    /* 
-    ** Initialize zType for the new view or table.
-    */
-    if( p->pSelect==0 ){
-      /* A regular table */
-      zType = "table";
-      zType2 = "TABLE";
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-    }else{
-      /* A view */
-      zType = "view";
-      zType2 = "VIEW";
-#endif
-    }
-
-    /* If this is a CREATE TABLE xx AS SELECT ..., execute the SELECT
-    ** statement to populate the new table. The root-page number for the
-    ** new table is in register pParse->regRoot.
-    **
-    ** Once the SELECT has been coded by sqlite3Select(), it is in a
-    ** suitable state to query for the column names and types to be used
-    ** by the new table.
-    **
-    ** A shared-cache write-lock is not required to write to the new table,
-    ** as a schema-lock must have already been obtained to create it. Since
-    ** a schema-lock excludes all other database users, the write-lock would
-    ** be redundant.
-    */
-    if( pSelect ){
-      SelectDest dest;
-      Table *pSelTab;
-
-      assert(pParse->nTab==1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenWrite, 1, pParse->regRoot, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
-      pParse->nTab = 2;
-      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Table, 1);
-      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, 1);
-      if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
-        pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSelect);
-        if( pSelTab==0 ) return;
-        assert( p->aCol==0 );
-        p->nCol = pSelTab->nCol;
-        p->aCol = pSelTab->aCol;
-        pSelTab->nCol = 0;
-        pSelTab->aCol = 0;
-        sqlite3DeleteTable(pSelTab);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Compute the complete text of the CREATE statement */
-    if( pSelect ){
-      zStmt = createTableStmt(db, p);
-    }else{
-      n = (int)(pEnd->z - pParse->sNameToken.z) + 1;
-      zStmt = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
-          "CREATE %s %.*s", zType2, n, pParse->sNameToken.z
-      );
-    }
-
-    /* A slot for the record has already been allocated in the 
-    ** SQLITE_MASTER table.  We just need to update that slot with all
-    ** the information we've collected.
-    */
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-      "UPDATE %Q.%s "
-         "SET type='%s', name=%Q, tbl_name=%Q, rootpage=#%d, sql=%Q "
-       "WHERE rowid=#%d",
-      db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb),
-      zType,
-      p->zName,
-      p->zName,
-      pParse->regRoot,
-      zStmt,
-      pParse->regRowid
-    );
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStmt);
-    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-    /* Check to see if we need to create an sqlite_sequence table for
-    ** keeping track of autoincrement keys.
-    */
-    if( p->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement ){
-      Db *pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
-      if( pDb->pSchema->pSeqTab==0 ){
-        sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-          "CREATE TABLE %Q.sqlite_sequence(name,seq)",
-          pDb->zName
-        );
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* Reparse everything to update our internal data structures */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0,
-        sqlite3MPrintf(db, "tbl_name='%q'",p->zName), P4_DYNAMIC);
-  }
-
-
-  /* Add the table to the in-memory representation of the database.
-  */
-  if( db->init.busy ){
-    Table *pOld;
-    Schema *pSchema = p->pSchema;
-    pOld = sqlite3HashInsert(&pSchema->tblHash, p->zName,
-                             sqlite3Strlen30(p->zName),p);
-    if( pOld ){
-      assert( p==pOld );  /* Malloc must have failed inside HashInsert() */
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      return;
-    }
-    pParse->pNewTable = 0;
-    db->nTable++;
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
-    if( !p->pSelect ){
-      const char *zName = (const char *)pParse->sNameToken.z;
-      int nName;
-      assert( !pSelect && pCons && pEnd );
-      if( pCons->z==0 ){
-        pCons = pEnd;
-      }
-      nName = (int)((const char *)pCons->z - zName);
-      p->addColOffset = 13 + sqlite3Utf8CharLen(zName, nName);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-/*
-** The parser calls this routine in order to create a new VIEW
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateView(
-  Parse *pParse,     /* The parsing context */
-  Token *pBegin,     /* The CREATE token that begins the statement */
-  Token *pName1,     /* The token that holds the name of the view */
-  Token *pName2,     /* The token that holds the name of the view */
-  Select *pSelect,   /* A SELECT statement that will become the new view */
-  int isTemp,        /* TRUE for a TEMPORARY view */
-  int noErr          /* Suppress error messages if VIEW already exists */
-){
-  Table *p;
-  int n;
-  const char *z;
-  Token sEnd;
-  DbFixer sFix;
-  Token *pName;
-  int iDb;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  if( pParse->nVar>0 ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "parameters are not allowed in views");
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
-    return;
-  }
-  sqlite3StartTable(pParse, pName1, pName2, isTemp, 1, 0, noErr);
-  p = pParse->pNewTable;
-  if( p==0 ){
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( pParse->nErr==0 ); /* If sqlite3StartTable return non-NULL then
-                             ** there could not have been an error */
-  sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, p->pSchema);
-  if( sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "view", pName)
-    && sqlite3FixSelect(&sFix, pSelect)
-  ){
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  /* Make a copy of the entire SELECT statement that defines the view.
-  ** This will force all the Expr.token.z values to be dynamically
-  ** allocated rather than point to the input string - which means that
-  ** they will persist after the current sqlite3_exec() call returns.
-  */
-  p->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    return;
-  }
-  if( !db->init.busy ){
-    sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, p);
-  }
-
-  /* Locate the end of the CREATE VIEW statement.  Make sEnd point to
-  ** the end.
-  */
-  sEnd = pParse->sLastToken;
-  if( ALWAYS(sEnd.z[0]!=0) && sEnd.z[0]!=';' ){
-    sEnd.z += sEnd.n;
-  }
-  sEnd.n = 0;
-  n = (int)(sEnd.z - pBegin->z);
-  z = pBegin->z;
-  while( ALWAYS(n>0) && sqlite3Isspace(z[n-1]) ){ n--; }
-  sEnd.z = &z[n-1];
-  sEnd.n = 1;
-
-  /* Use sqlite3EndTable() to add the view to the SQLITE_MASTER table */
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse, 0, &sEnd, 0);
-  return;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
-/*
-** The Table structure pTable is really a VIEW.  Fill in the names of
-** the columns of the view in the pTable structure.  Return the number
-** of errors.  If an error is seen leave an error message in pParse->zErrMsg.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable){
-  Table *pSelTab;   /* A fake table from which we get the result set */
-  Select *pSel;     /* Copy of the SELECT that implements the view */
-  int nErr = 0;     /* Number of errors encountered */
-  int n;            /* Temporarily holds the number of cursors assigned */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection for malloc errors */
-  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*);
-
-  assert( pTable );
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if( sqlite3VtabCallConnect(pParse, pTable) ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  if( IsVirtual(pTable) ) return 0;
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-  /* A positive nCol means the columns names for this view are
-  ** already known.
-  */
-  if( pTable->nCol>0 ) return 0;
-
-  /* A negative nCol is a special marker meaning that we are currently
-  ** trying to compute the column names.  If we enter this routine with
-  ** a negative nCol, it means two or more views form a loop, like this:
-  **
-  **     CREATE VIEW one AS SELECT * FROM two;
-  **     CREATE VIEW two AS SELECT * FROM one;
-  **
-  ** Actually, the error above is now caught prior to reaching this point.
-  ** But the following test is still important as it does come up
-  ** in the following:
-  ** 
-  **     CREATE TABLE main.ex1(a);
-  **     CREATE TEMP VIEW ex1 AS SELECT a FROM ex1;
-  **     SELECT * FROM temp.ex1;
-  */
-  if( pTable->nCol<0 ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "view %s is circularly defined", pTable->zName);
-    return 1;
-  }
-  assert( pTable->nCol>=0 );
-
-  /* If we get this far, it means we need to compute the table names.
-  ** Note that the call to sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() will expand any
-  ** "*" elements in the results set of the view and will assign cursors
-  ** to the elements of the FROM clause.  But we do not want these changes
-  ** to be permanent.  So the computation is done on a copy of the SELECT
-  ** statement that defines the view.
-  */
-  assert( pTable->pSelect );
-  pSel = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTable->pSelect, 0);
-  if( pSel ){
-    u8 enableLookaside = db->lookaside.bEnabled;
-    n = pParse->nTab;
-    sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pSel->pSrc);
-    pTable->nCol = -1;
-    db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-    xAuth = db->xAuth;
-    db->xAuth = 0;
-    pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel);
-    db->xAuth = xAuth;
-#else
-    pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel);
-#endif
-    db->lookaside.bEnabled = enableLookaside;
-    pParse->nTab = n;
-    if( pSelTab ){
-      assert( pTable->aCol==0 );
-      pTable->nCol = pSelTab->nCol;
-      pTable->aCol = pSelTab->aCol;
-      pSelTab->nCol = 0;
-      pSelTab->aCol = 0;
-      sqlite3DeleteTable(pSelTab);
-      pTable->pSchema->flags |= DB_UnresetViews;
-    }else{
-      pTable->nCol = 0;
-      nErr++;
-    }
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSel);
-  } else {
-    nErr++;
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
-  return nErr;  
-}
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-/*
-** Clear the column names from every VIEW in database idx.
-*/
-static void sqliteViewResetAll(sqlite3 *db, int idx){
-  HashElem *i;
-  if( !DbHasProperty(db, idx, DB_UnresetViews) ) return;
-  for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aDb[idx].pSchema->tblHash); i;i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
-    Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(i);
-    if( pTab->pSelect ){
-      sqliteResetColumnNames(pTab);
-    }
-  }
-  DbClearProperty(db, idx, DB_UnresetViews);
-}
-#else
-# define sqliteViewResetAll(A,B)
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
-
-/*
-** This function is called by the VDBE to adjust the internal schema
-** used by SQLite when the btree layer moves a table root page. The
-** root-page of a table or index in database iDb has changed from iFrom
-** to iTo.
-**
-** Ticket #1728:  The symbol table might still contain information
-** on tables and/or indices that are the process of being deleted.
-** If you are unlucky, one of those deleted indices or tables might
-** have the same rootpage number as the real table or index that is
-** being moved.  So we cannot stop searching after the first match 
-** because the first match might be for one of the deleted indices
-** or tables and not the table/index that is actually being moved.
-** We must continue looping until all tables and indices with
-** rootpage==iFrom have been converted to have a rootpage of iTo
-** in order to be certain that we got the right one.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RootPageMoved(Db *pDb, int iFrom, int iTo){
-  HashElem *pElem;
-  Hash *pHash;
-
-  pHash = &pDb->pSchema->tblHash;
-  for(pElem=sqliteHashFirst(pHash); pElem; pElem=sqliteHashNext(pElem)){
-    Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(pElem);
-    if( pTab->tnum==iFrom ){
-      pTab->tnum = iTo;
-    }
-  }
-  pHash = &pDb->pSchema->idxHash;
-  for(pElem=sqliteHashFirst(pHash); pElem; pElem=sqliteHashNext(pElem)){
-    Index *pIdx = sqliteHashData(pElem);
-    if( pIdx->tnum==iFrom ){
-      pIdx->tnum = iTo;
-    }
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Write code to erase the table with root-page iTable from database iDb.
-** Also write code to modify the sqlite_master table and internal schema
-** if a root-page of another table is moved by the btree-layer whilst
-** erasing iTable (this can happen with an auto-vacuum database).
-*/ 
-static void destroyRootPage(Parse *pParse, int iTable, int iDb){
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Destroy, iTable, r1, iDb);
-  sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  /* OP_Destroy stores an in integer r1. If this integer
-  ** is non-zero, then it is the root page number of a table moved to
-  ** location iTable. The following code modifies the sqlite_master table to
-  ** reflect this.
-  **
-  ** The "#NNN" in the SQL is a special constant that means whatever value
-  ** is in register NNN.  See grammar rules associated with the TK_REGISTER
-  ** token for additional information.
-  */
-  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-     "UPDATE %Q.%s SET rootpage=%d WHERE #%d AND rootpage=#%d",
-     pParse->db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), iTable, r1, r1);
-#endif
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-}
-
-/*
-** Write VDBE code to erase table pTab and all associated indices on disk.
-** Code to update the sqlite_master tables and internal schema definitions
-** in case a root-page belonging to another table is moved by the btree layer
-** is also added (this can happen with an auto-vacuum database).
-*/
-static void destroyTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  Index *pIdx;
-  int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-  destroyRootPage(pParse, pTab->tnum, iDb);
-  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-    destroyRootPage(pParse, pIdx->tnum, iDb);
-  }
-#else
-  /* If the database may be auto-vacuum capable (if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  ** is not defined), then it is important to call OP_Destroy on the
-  ** table and index root-pages in order, starting with the numerically 
-  ** largest root-page number. This guarantees that none of the root-pages
-  ** to be destroyed is relocated by an earlier OP_Destroy. i.e. if the
-  ** following were coded:
-  **
-  ** OP_Destroy 4 0
-  ** ...
-  ** OP_Destroy 5 0
-  **
-  ** and root page 5 happened to be the largest root-page number in the
-  ** database, then root page 5 would be moved to page 4 by the 
-  ** "OP_Destroy 4 0" opcode. The subsequent "OP_Destroy 5 0" would hit
-  ** a free-list page.
-  */
-  int iTab = pTab->tnum;
-  int iDestroyed = 0;
-
-  while( 1 ){
-    Index *pIdx;
-    int iLargest = 0;
-
-    if( iDestroyed==0 || iTab<iDestroyed ){
-      iLargest = iTab;
-    }
-    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-      int iIdx = pIdx->tnum;
-      assert( pIdx->pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
-      if( (iDestroyed==0 || (iIdx<iDestroyed)) && iIdx>iLargest ){
-        iLargest = iIdx;
-      }
-    }
-    if( iLargest==0 ){
-      return;
-    }else{
-      int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-      destroyRootPage(pParse, iLargest, iDb);
-      iDestroyed = iLargest;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called to do the work of a DROP TABLE statement.
-** pName is the name of the table to be dropped.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTable(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, int isView, int noErr){
-  Table *pTab;
-  Vdbe *v;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int iDb;
-
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto exit_drop_table;
-  }
-  assert( pParse->nErr==0 );
-  assert( pName->nSrc==1 );
-  if( noErr ) db->suppressErr++;
-  pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, isView, 
-                            pName->a[0].zName, pName->a[0].zDatabase);
-  if( noErr ) db->suppressErr--;
-
-  if( pTab==0 ){
-    goto exit_drop_table;
-  }
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
-
-  /* If pTab is a virtual table, call ViewGetColumnNames() to ensure
-  ** it is initialized.
-  */
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) && sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
-    goto exit_drop_table;
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  {
-    int code;
-    const char *zTab = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
-    const char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-    const char *zArg2 = 0;
-    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, zTab, 0, zDb)){
-      goto exit_drop_table;
-    }
-    if( isView ){
-      if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ){
-        code = SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW;
-      }else{
-        code = SQLITE_DROP_VIEW;
-      }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-    }else if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-      code = SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE;
-      zArg2 = sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab)->pMod->zName;
-#endif
-    }else{
-      if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ){
-        code = SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE;
-      }else{
-        code = SQLITE_DROP_TABLE;
-      }
-    }
-    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, code, pTab->zName, zArg2, zDb) ){
-      goto exit_drop_table;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, pTab->zName, 0, zDb) ){
-      goto exit_drop_table;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0 ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be dropped", pTab->zName);
-    goto exit_drop_table;
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-  /* Ensure DROP TABLE is not used on a view, and DROP VIEW is not used
-  ** on a table.
-  */
-  if( isView && pTab->pSelect==0 ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "use DROP TABLE to delete table %s", pTab->zName);
-    goto exit_drop_table;
-  }
-  if( !isView && pTab->pSelect ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "use DROP VIEW to delete view %s", pTab->zName);
-    goto exit_drop_table;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Generate code to remove the table from the master table
-  ** on disk.
-  */
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v ){
-    Trigger *pTrigger;
-    Db *pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
-    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_VBegin);
-    }
-#endif
-    sqlite3FkDropTable(pParse, pName, pTab);
-
-    /* Drop all triggers associated with the table being dropped. Code
-    ** is generated to remove entries from sqlite_master and/or
-    ** sqlite_temp_master if required.
-    */
-    pTrigger = sqlite3TriggerList(pParse, pTab);
-    while( pTrigger ){
-      assert( pTrigger->pSchema==pTab->pSchema || 
-          pTrigger->pSchema==db->aDb[1].pSchema );
-      sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(pParse, pTrigger);
-      pTrigger = pTrigger->pNext;
-    }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-    /* Remove any entries of the sqlite_sequence table associated with
-    ** the table being dropped. This is done before the table is dropped
-    ** at the btree level, in case the sqlite_sequence table needs to
-    ** move as a result of the drop (can happen in auto-vacuum mode).
-    */
-    if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement ){
-      sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-        "DELETE FROM %s.sqlite_sequence WHERE name=%Q",
-        pDb->zName, pTab->zName
-      );
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* Drop all SQLITE_MASTER table and index entries that refer to the
-    ** table. The program name loops through the master table and deletes
-    ** every row that refers to a table of the same name as the one being
-    ** dropped. Triggers are handled seperately because a trigger can be
-    ** created in the temp database that refers to a table in another
-    ** database.
-    */
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-        "DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE tbl_name=%Q and type!='trigger'",
-        pDb->zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), pTab->zName);
-
-    /* Drop any statistics from the sqlite_stat1 table, if it exists */
-    if( sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_stat1", db->aDb[iDb].zName) ){
-      sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-        "DELETE FROM %Q.sqlite_stat1 WHERE tbl=%Q", pDb->zName, pTab->zName
-      );
-    }
-
-    if( !isView && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-      destroyTable(pParse, pTab);
-    }
-
-    /* Remove the table entry from SQLite's internal schema and modify
-    ** the schema cookie.
-    */
-    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VDestroy, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTable, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
-    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
-  }
-  sqliteViewResetAll(db, iDb);
-
-exit_drop_table:
-  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pName);
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called to create a new foreign key on the table
-** currently under construction.  pFromCol determines which columns
-** in the current table point to the foreign key.  If pFromCol==0 then
-** connect the key to the last column inserted.  pTo is the name of
-** the table referred to.  pToCol is a list of tables in the other
-** pTo table that the foreign key points to.  flags contains all
-** information about the conflict resolution algorithms specified
-** in the ON DELETE, ON UPDATE and ON INSERT clauses.
-**
-** An FKey structure is created and added to the table currently
-** under construction in the pParse->pNewTable field.
-**
-** The foreign key is set for IMMEDIATE processing.  A subsequent call
-** to sqlite3DeferForeignKey() might change this to DEFERRED.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
-  ExprList *pFromCol,  /* Columns in this table that point to other table */
-  Token *pTo,          /* Name of the other table */
-  ExprList *pToCol,    /* Columns in the other table */
-  int flags            /* Conflict resolution algorithms. */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-  FKey *pFKey = 0;
-  FKey *pNextTo;
-  Table *p = pParse->pNewTable;
-  int nByte;
-  int i;
-  int nCol;
-  char *z;
-
-  assert( pTo!=0 );
-  if( p==0 || IN_DECLARE_VTAB ) goto fk_end;
-  if( pFromCol==0 ){
-    int iCol = p->nCol-1;
-    if( NEVER(iCol<0) ) goto fk_end;
-    if( pToCol && pToCol->nExpr!=1 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "foreign key on %s"
-         " should reference only one column of table %T",
-         p->aCol[iCol].zName, pTo);
-      goto fk_end;
-    }
-    nCol = 1;
-  }else if( pToCol && pToCol->nExpr!=pFromCol->nExpr ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
-        "number of columns in foreign key does not match the number of "
-        "columns in the referenced table");
-    goto fk_end;
-  }else{
-    nCol = pFromCol->nExpr;
-  }
-  nByte = sizeof(*pFKey) + (nCol-1)*sizeof(pFKey->aCol[0]) + pTo->n + 1;
-  if( pToCol ){
-    for(i=0; i<pToCol->nExpr; i++){
-      nByte += sqlite3Strlen30(pToCol->a[i].zName) + 1;
-    }
-  }
-  pFKey = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte );
-  if( pFKey==0 ){
-    goto fk_end;
-  }
-  pFKey->pFrom = p;
-  pFKey->pNextFrom = p->pFKey;
-  z = (char*)&pFKey->aCol[nCol];
-  pFKey->zTo = z;
-  memcpy(z, pTo->z, pTo->n);
-  z[pTo->n] = 0;
-  sqlite3Dequote(z);
-  z += pTo->n+1;
-  pFKey->nCol = nCol;
-  if( pFromCol==0 ){
-    pFKey->aCol[0].iFrom = p->nCol-1;
-  }else{
-    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-      int j;
-      for(j=0; j<p->nCol; j++){
-        if( sqlite3StrICmp(p->aCol[j].zName, pFromCol->a[i].zName)==0 ){
-          pFKey->aCol[i].iFrom = j;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if( j>=p->nCol ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-          "unknown column \"%s\" in foreign key definition", 
-          pFromCol->a[i].zName);
-        goto fk_end;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if( pToCol ){
-    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-      int n = sqlite3Strlen30(pToCol->a[i].zName);
-      pFKey->aCol[i].zCol = z;
-      memcpy(z, pToCol->a[i].zName, n);
-      z[n] = 0;
-      z += n+1;
-    }
-  }
-  pFKey->isDeferred = 0;
-  pFKey->aAction[0] = (u8)(flags & 0xff);            /* ON DELETE action */
-  pFKey->aAction[1] = (u8)((flags >> 8 ) & 0xff);    /* ON UPDATE action */
-
-  pNextTo = (FKey *)sqlite3HashInsert(&p->pSchema->fkeyHash, 
-      pFKey->zTo, sqlite3Strlen30(pFKey->zTo), (void *)pFKey
-  );
-  if( pNextTo==pFKey ){
-    db->mallocFailed = 1;
-    goto fk_end;
-  }
-  if( pNextTo ){
-    assert( pNextTo->pPrevTo==0 );
-    pFKey->pNextTo = pNextTo;
-    pNextTo->pPrevTo = pFKey;
-  }
-
-  /* Link the foreign key to the table as the last step.
-  */
-  p->pFKey = pFKey;
-  pFKey = 0;
-
-fk_end:
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pFKey);
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) */
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFromCol);
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pToCol);
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called when an INITIALLY IMMEDIATE or INITIALLY DEFERRED
-** clause is seen as part of a foreign key definition.  The isDeferred
-** parameter is 1 for INITIALLY DEFERRED and 0 for INITIALLY IMMEDIATE.
-** The behavior of the most recently created foreign key is adjusted
-** accordingly.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse *pParse, int isDeferred){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-  Table *pTab;
-  FKey *pFKey;
-  if( (pTab = pParse->pNewTable)==0 || (pFKey = pTab->pFKey)==0 ) return;
-  assert( isDeferred==0 || isDeferred==1 ); /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
-  pFKey->isDeferred = (u8)isDeferred;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will erase and refill index *pIdx.  This is
-** used to initialize a newly created index or to recompute the
-** content of an index in response to a REINDEX command.
-**
-** if memRootPage is not negative, it means that the index is newly
-** created.  The register specified by memRootPage contains the
-** root page number of the index.  If memRootPage is negative, then
-** the index already exists and must be cleared before being refilled and
-** the root page number of the index is taken from pIndex->tnum.
-*/
-static void sqlite3RefillIndex(Parse *pParse, Index *pIndex, int memRootPage){
-  Table *pTab = pIndex->pTable;  /* The table that is indexed */
-  int iTab = pParse->nTab++;     /* Btree cursor used for pTab */
-  int iIdx = pParse->nTab++;     /* Btree cursor used for pIndex */
-  int addr1;                     /* Address of top of loop */
-  int tnum;                      /* Root page of index */
-  Vdbe *v;                       /* Generate code into this virtual machine */
-  KeyInfo *pKey;                 /* KeyInfo for index */
-  int regIdxKey;                 /* Registers containing the index key */
-  int regRecord;                 /* Register holding assemblied index record */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;      /* The database connection */
-  int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pIndex->pSchema);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_REINDEX, pIndex->zName, 0,
-      db->aDb[iDb].zName ) ){
-    return;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Require a write-lock on the table to perform this operation */
-  sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 1, pTab->zName);
-
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v==0 ) return;
-  if( memRootPage>=0 ){
-    tnum = memRootPage;
-  }else{
-    tnum = pIndex->tnum;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, tnum, iDb);
-  }
-  pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIndex);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenWrite, iIdx, tnum, iDb, 
-                    (char *)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-  if( memRootPage>=0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
-  }
-  sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iTab, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
-  addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iTab, 0);
-  regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  regIdxKey = sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIndex, iTab, regRecord, 1);
-  if( pIndex->onError!=OE_None ){
-    const int regRowid = regIdxKey + pIndex->nColumn;
-    const int j2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 2;
-    void * const pRegKey = SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(regIdxKey);
-
-    /* The registers accessed by the OP_IsUnique opcode were allocated
-    ** using sqlite3GetTempRange() inside of the sqlite3GenerateIndexKey()
-    ** call above. Just before that function was freed they were released
-    ** (made available to the compiler for reuse) using 
-    ** sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(). So in some ways having the OP_IsUnique
-    ** opcode use the values stored within seems dangerous. However, since
-    ** we can be sure that no other temp registers have been allocated
-    ** since sqlite3ReleaseTempRange() was called, it is safe to do so.
-    */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IsUnique, iIdx, j2, regRowid, pRegKey, P4_INT32);
-    sqlite3HaltConstraint(
-        pParse, OE_Abort, "indexed columns are not unique", P4_STATIC);
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iIdx, regRecord);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iTab, addr1+1);
-  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iTab);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iIdx);
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a new index for an SQL table.  pName1.pName2 is the name of the index 
-** and pTblList is the name of the table that is to be indexed.  Both will 
-** be NULL for a primary key or an index that is created to satisfy a
-** UNIQUE constraint.  If pTable and pIndex are NULL, use pParse->pNewTable
-** as the table to be indexed.  pParse->pNewTable is a table that is
-** currently being constructed by a CREATE TABLE statement.
-**
-** pList is a list of columns to be indexed.  pList will be NULL if this
-** is a primary key or unique-constraint on the most recent column added
-** to the table currently under construction.  
-**
-** If the index is created successfully, return a pointer to the new Index
-** structure. This is used by sqlite3AddPrimaryKey() to mark the index
-** as the tables primary key (Index.autoIndex==2).
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(
-  Parse *pParse,     /* All information about this parse */
-  Token *pName1,     /* First part of index name. May be NULL */
-  Token *pName2,     /* Second part of index name. May be NULL */
-  SrcList *pTblName, /* Table to index. Use pParse->pNewTable if 0 */
-  ExprList *pList,   /* A list of columns to be indexed */
-  int onError,       /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
-  Token *pStart,     /* The CREATE token that begins this statement */
-  Token *pEnd,       /* The ")" that closes the CREATE INDEX statement */
-  int sortOrder,     /* Sort order of primary key when pList==NULL */
-  int ifNotExist     /* Omit error if index already exists */
-){
-  Index *pRet = 0;     /* Pointer to return */
-  Table *pTab = 0;     /* Table to be indexed */
-  Index *pIndex = 0;   /* The index to be created */
-  char *zName = 0;     /* Name of the index */
-  int nName;           /* Number of characters in zName */
-  int i, j;
-  Token nullId;        /* Fake token for an empty ID list */
-  DbFixer sFix;        /* For assigning database names to pTable */
-  int sortOrderMask;   /* 1 to honor DESC in index.  0 to ignore. */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  Db *pDb;             /* The specific table containing the indexed database */
-  int iDb;             /* Index of the database that is being written */
-  Token *pName = 0;    /* Unqualified name of the index to create */
-  struct ExprList_item *pListItem; /* For looping over pList */
-  int nCol;
-  int nExtra = 0;
-  char *zExtra;
-
-  assert( pStart==0 || pEnd!=0 ); /* pEnd must be non-NULL if pStart is */
-  assert( pParse->nErr==0 );      /* Never called with prior errors */
-  if( db->mallocFailed || IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
-    goto exit_create_index;
-  }
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
-    goto exit_create_index;
-  }
-
-  /*
-  ** Find the table that is to be indexed.  Return early if not found.
-  */
-  if( pTblName!=0 ){
-
-    /* Use the two-part index name to determine the database 
-    ** to search for the table. 'Fix' the table name to this db
-    ** before looking up the table.
-    */
-    assert( pName1 && pName2 );
-    iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
-    if( iDb<0 ) goto exit_create_index;
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
-    /* If the index name was unqualified, check if the the table
-    ** is a temp table. If so, set the database to 1. Do not do this
-    ** if initialising a database schema.
-    */
-    if( !db->init.busy ){
-      pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTblName);
-      if( pName2->n==0 && pTab && pTab->pSchema==db->aDb[1].pSchema ){
-        iDb = 1;
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-
-    if( sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "index", pName) &&
-        sqlite3FixSrcList(&sFix, pTblName)
-    ){
-      /* Because the parser constructs pTblName from a single identifier,
-      ** sqlite3FixSrcList can never fail. */
-      assert(0);
-    }
-    pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, pTblName->a[0].zName, 
-        pTblName->a[0].zDatabase);
-    if( !pTab || db->mallocFailed ) goto exit_create_index;
-    assert( db->aDb[iDb].pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
-  }else{
-    assert( pName==0 );
-    pTab = pParse->pNewTable;
-    if( !pTab ) goto exit_create_index;
-    iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-  }
-  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
-
-  assert( pTab!=0 );
-  assert( pParse->nErr==0 );
-  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0 
-       && memcmp(&pTab->zName[7],"altertab_",9)!=0 ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be indexed", pTab->zName);
-    goto exit_create_index;
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-  if( pTab->pSelect ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "views may not be indexed");
-    goto exit_create_index;
-  }
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "virtual tables may not be indexed");
-    goto exit_create_index;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /*
-  ** Find the name of the index.  Make sure there is not already another
-  ** index or table with the same name.  
-  **
-  ** Exception:  If we are reading the names of permanent indices from the
-  ** sqlite_master table (because some other process changed the schema) and
-  ** one of the index names collides with the name of a temporary table or
-  ** index, then we will continue to process this index.
-  **
-  ** If pName==0 it means that we are
-  ** dealing with a primary key or UNIQUE constraint.  We have to invent our
-  ** own name.
-  */
-  if( pName ){
-    zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
-    if( zName==0 ) goto exit_create_index;
-    if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName) ){
-      goto exit_create_index;
-    }
-    if( !db->init.busy ){
-      if( sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, 0)!=0 ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "there is already a table named %s", zName);
-        goto exit_create_index;
-      }
-    }
-    if( sqlite3FindIndex(db, zName, pDb->zName)!=0 ){
-      if( !ifNotExist ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "index %s already exists", zName);
-      }
-      goto exit_create_index;
-    }
-  }else{
-    int n;
-    Index *pLoop;
-    for(pLoop=pTab->pIndex, n=1; pLoop; pLoop=pLoop->pNext, n++){}
-    zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_autoindex_%s_%d", pTab->zName, n);
-    if( zName==0 ){
-      goto exit_create_index;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Check for authorization to create an index.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  {
-    const char *zDb = pDb->zName;
-    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_INSERT, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), 0, zDb) ){
-      goto exit_create_index;
-    }
-    i = SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX;
-    if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ) i = SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX;
-    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, i, zName, pTab->zName, zDb) ){
-      goto exit_create_index;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* If pList==0, it means this routine was called to make a primary
-  ** key out of the last column added to the table under construction.
-  ** So create a fake list to simulate this.
-  */
-  if( pList==0 ){
-    nullId.z = pTab->aCol[pTab->nCol-1].zName;
-    nullId.n = sqlite3Strlen30((char*)nullId.z);
-    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, 0);
-    if( pList==0 ) goto exit_create_index;
-    sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, pList, &nullId, 0);
-    pList->a[0].sortOrder = (u8)sortOrder;
-  }
-
-  /* Figure out how many bytes of space are required to store explicitly
-  ** specified collation sequence names.
-  */
-  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-    Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;
-    if( pExpr ){
-      CollSeq *pColl = pExpr->pColl;
-      /* Either pColl!=0 or there was an OOM failure.  But if an OOM
-      ** failure we have quit before reaching this point. */
-      if( ALWAYS(pColl) ){
-        nExtra += (1 + sqlite3Strlen30(pColl->zName));
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* 
-  ** Allocate the index structure. 
-  */
-  nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-  nCol = pList->nExpr;
-  pIndex = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 
-      sizeof(Index) +              /* Index structure  */
-      sizeof(int)*nCol +           /* Index.aiColumn   */
-      sizeof(int)*(nCol+1) +       /* Index.aiRowEst   */
-      sizeof(char *)*nCol +        /* Index.azColl     */
-      sizeof(u8)*nCol +            /* Index.aSortOrder */
-      nName + 1 +                  /* Index.zName      */
-      nExtra                       /* Collation sequence names */
-  );
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto exit_create_index;
-  }
-  pIndex->azColl = (char**)(&pIndex[1]);
-  pIndex->aiColumn = (int *)(&pIndex->azColl[nCol]);
-  pIndex->aiRowEst = (unsigned *)(&pIndex->aiColumn[nCol]);
-  pIndex->aSortOrder = (u8 *)(&pIndex->aiRowEst[nCol+1]);
-  pIndex->zName = (char *)(&pIndex->aSortOrder[nCol]);
-  zExtra = (char *)(&pIndex->zName[nName+1]);
-  memcpy(pIndex->zName, zName, nName+1);
-  pIndex->pTable = pTab;
-  pIndex->nColumn = pList->nExpr;
-  pIndex->onError = (u8)onError;
-  pIndex->autoIndex = (u8)(pName==0);
-  pIndex->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
-
-  /* Check to see if we should honor DESC requests on index columns
-  */
-  if( pDb->pSchema->file_format>=4 ){
-    sortOrderMask = -1;   /* Honor DESC */
-  }else{
-    sortOrderMask = 0;    /* Ignore DESC */
-  }
-
-  /* Scan the names of the columns of the table to be indexed and
-  ** load the column indices into the Index structure.  Report an error
-  ** if any column is not found.
-  **
-  ** TODO:  Add a test to make sure that the same column is not named
-  ** more than once within the same index.  Only the first instance of
-  ** the column will ever be used by the optimizer.  Note that using the
-  ** same column more than once cannot be an error because that would 
-  ** break backwards compatibility - it needs to be a warning.
-  */
-  for(i=0, pListItem=pList->a; i<pList->nExpr; i++, pListItem++){
-    const char *zColName = pListItem->zName;
-    Column *pTabCol;
-    int requestedSortOrder;
-    char *zColl;                   /* Collation sequence name */
-
-    for(j=0, pTabCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pTabCol++){
-      if( sqlite3StrICmp(zColName, pTabCol->zName)==0 ) break;
-    }
-    if( j>=pTab->nCol ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s has no column named %s",
-        pTab->zName, zColName);
-      goto exit_create_index;
-    }
-    pIndex->aiColumn[i] = j;
-    /* Justification of the ALWAYS(pListItem->pExpr->pColl):  Because of
-    ** the way the "idxlist" non-terminal is constructed by the parser,
-    ** if pListItem->pExpr is not null then either pListItem->pExpr->pColl
-    ** must exist or else there must have been an OOM error.  But if there
-    ** was an OOM error, we would never reach this point. */
-    if( pListItem->pExpr && ALWAYS(pListItem->pExpr->pColl) ){
-      int nColl;
-      zColl = pListItem->pExpr->pColl->zName;
-      nColl = sqlite3Strlen30(zColl) + 1;
-      assert( nExtra>=nColl );
-      memcpy(zExtra, zColl, nColl);
-      zColl = zExtra;
-      zExtra += nColl;
-      nExtra -= nColl;
-    }else{
-      zColl = pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
-      if( !zColl ){
-        zColl = db->pDfltColl->zName;
-      }
-    }
-    if( !db->init.busy && !sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zColl) ){
-      goto exit_create_index;
-    }
-    pIndex->azColl[i] = zColl;
-    requestedSortOrder = pListItem->sortOrder & sortOrderMask;
-    pIndex->aSortOrder[i] = (u8)requestedSortOrder;
-  }
-  sqlite3DefaultRowEst(pIndex);
-
-  if( pTab==pParse->pNewTable ){
-    /* This routine has been called to create an automatic index as a
-    ** result of a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE clause on a column definition, or
-    ** a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE clause following the column definitions.
-    ** i.e. one of:
-    **
-    ** CREATE TABLE t(x PRIMARY KEY, y);
-    ** CREATE TABLE t(x, y, UNIQUE(x, y));
-    **
-    ** Either way, check to see if the table already has such an index. If
-    ** so, don't bother creating this one. This only applies to
-    ** automatically created indices. Users can do as they wish with
-    ** explicit indices.
-    **
-    ** Two UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraints are considered equivalent
-    ** (and thus suppressing the second one) even if they have different
-    ** sort orders.
-    **
-    ** If there are different collating sequences or if the columns of
-    ** the constraint occur in different orders, then the constraints are
-    ** considered distinct and both result in separate indices.
-    */
-    Index *pIdx;
-    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-      int k;
-      assert( pIdx->onError!=OE_None );
-      assert( pIdx->autoIndex );
-      assert( pIndex->onError!=OE_None );
-
-      if( pIdx->nColumn!=pIndex->nColumn ) continue;
-      for(k=0; k<pIdx->nColumn; k++){
-        const char *z1;
-        const char *z2;
-        if( pIdx->aiColumn[k]!=pIndex->aiColumn[k] ) break;
-        z1 = pIdx->azColl[k];
-        z2 = pIndex->azColl[k];
-        if( z1!=z2 && sqlite3StrICmp(z1, z2) ) break;
-      }
-      if( k==pIdx->nColumn ){
-        if( pIdx->onError!=pIndex->onError ){
-          /* This constraint creates the same index as a previous
-          ** constraint specified somewhere in the CREATE TABLE statement.
-          ** However the ON CONFLICT clauses are different. If both this 
-          ** constraint and the previous equivalent constraint have explicit
-          ** ON CONFLICT clauses this is an error. Otherwise, use the
-          ** explicitly specified behaviour for the index.
-          */
-          if( !(pIdx->onError==OE_Default || pIndex->onError==OE_Default) ){
-            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-                "conflicting ON CONFLICT clauses specified", 0);
-          }
-          if( pIdx->onError==OE_Default ){
-            pIdx->onError = pIndex->onError;
-          }
-        }
-        goto exit_create_index;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Link the new Index structure to its table and to the other
-  ** in-memory database structures. 
-  */
-  if( db->init.busy ){
-    Index *p;
-    p = sqlite3HashInsert(&pIndex->pSchema->idxHash, 
-                          pIndex->zName, sqlite3Strlen30(pIndex->zName),
-                          pIndex);
-    if( p ){
-      assert( p==pIndex );  /* Malloc must have failed */
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      goto exit_create_index;
-    }
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
-    if( pTblName!=0 ){
-      pIndex->tnum = db->init.newTnum;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If the db->init.busy is 0 then create the index on disk.  This
-  ** involves writing the index into the master table and filling in the
-  ** index with the current table contents.
-  **
-  ** The db->init.busy is 0 when the user first enters a CREATE INDEX 
-  ** command.  db->init.busy is 1 when a database is opened and 
-  ** CREATE INDEX statements are read out of the master table.  In
-  ** the latter case the index already exists on disk, which is why
-  ** we don't want to recreate it.
-  **
-  ** If pTblName==0 it means this index is generated as a primary key
-  ** or UNIQUE constraint of a CREATE TABLE statement.  Since the table
-  ** has just been created, it contains no data and the index initialization
-  ** step can be skipped.
-  */
-  else{ /* if( db->init.busy==0 ) */
-    Vdbe *v;
-    char *zStmt;
-    int iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
-
-    v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-    if( v==0 ) goto exit_create_index;
-
-
-    /* Create the rootpage for the index
-    */
-    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_CreateIndex, iDb, iMem);
-
-    /* Gather the complete text of the CREATE INDEX statement into
-    ** the zStmt variable
-    */
-    if( pStart ){
-      assert( pEnd!=0 );
-      /* A named index with an explicit CREATE INDEX statement */
-      zStmt = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "CREATE%s INDEX %.*s",
-        onError==OE_None ? "" : " UNIQUE",
-        pEnd->z - pName->z + 1,
-        pName->z);
-    }else{
-      /* An automatic index created by a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraint */
-      /* zStmt = sqlite3MPrintf(""); */
-      zStmt = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* Add an entry in sqlite_master for this index
-    */
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-        "INSERT INTO %Q.%s VALUES('index',%Q,%Q,#%d,%Q);",
-        db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb),
-        pIndex->zName,
-        pTab->zName,
-        iMem,
-        zStmt
-    );
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStmt);
-
-    /* Fill the index with data and reparse the schema. Code an OP_Expire
-    ** to invalidate all pre-compiled statements.
-    */
-    if( pTblName ){
-      sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, iMem);
-      sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0,
-         sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name='%q'", pIndex->zName), P4_DYNAMIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Expire, 0);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* When adding an index to the list of indices for a table, make
-  ** sure all indices labeled OE_Replace come after all those labeled
-  ** OE_Ignore.  This is necessary for the correct constraint check
-  ** processing (in sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks()) as part of
-  ** UPDATE and INSERT statements.  
-  */
-  if( db->init.busy || pTblName==0 ){
-    if( onError!=OE_Replace || pTab->pIndex==0
-         || pTab->pIndex->onError==OE_Replace){
-      pIndex->pNext = pTab->pIndex;
-      pTab->pIndex = pIndex;
-    }else{
-      Index *pOther = pTab->pIndex;
-      while( pOther->pNext && pOther->pNext->onError!=OE_Replace ){
-        pOther = pOther->pNext;
-      }
-      pIndex->pNext = pOther->pNext;
-      pOther->pNext = pIndex;
-    }
-    pRet = pIndex;
-    pIndex = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Clean up before exiting */
-exit_create_index:
-  if( pIndex ){
-    sqlite3_free(pIndex->zColAff);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pIndex);
-  }
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
-  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTblName);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
-  return pRet;
-}
-
-/*
-** Fill the Index.aiRowEst[] array with default information - information
-** to be used when we have not run the ANALYZE command.
-**
-** aiRowEst[0] is suppose to contain the number of elements in the index.
-** Since we do not know, guess 1 million.  aiRowEst[1] is an estimate of the
-** number of rows in the table that match any particular value of the
-** first column of the index.  aiRowEst[2] is an estimate of the number
-** of rows that match any particular combiniation of the first 2 columns
-** of the index.  And so forth.  It must always be the case that
-*
-**           aiRowEst[N]<=aiRowEst[N-1]
-**           aiRowEst[N]>=1
-**
-** Apart from that, we have little to go on besides intuition as to
-** how aiRowEst[] should be initialized.  The numbers generated here
-** are based on typical values found in actual indices.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index *pIdx){
-  unsigned *a = pIdx->aiRowEst;
-  int i;
-  assert( a!=0 );
-  a[0] = 1000000;
-  for(i=pIdx->nColumn; i>=5; i--){
-    a[i] = 5;
-  }
-  while( i>=1 ){
-    a[i] = 11 - i;
-    i--;
-  }
-  if( pIdx->onError!=OE_None ){
-    a[pIdx->nColumn] = 1;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine will drop an existing named index.  This routine
-** implements the DROP INDEX statement.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, int ifExists){
-  Index *pIndex;
-  Vdbe *v;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int iDb;
-
-  assert( pParse->nErr==0 );   /* Never called with prior errors */
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto exit_drop_index;
-  }
-  assert( pName->nSrc==1 );
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
-    goto exit_drop_index;
-  }
-  pIndex = sqlite3FindIndex(db, pName->a[0].zName, pName->a[0].zDatabase);
-  if( pIndex==0 ){
-    if( !ifExists ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such index: %S", pName, 0);
-    }
-    pParse->checkSchema = 1;
-    goto exit_drop_index;
-  }
-  if( pIndex->autoIndex ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "index associated with UNIQUE "
-      "or PRIMARY KEY constraint cannot be dropped", 0);
-    goto exit_drop_index;
-  }
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pIndex->pSchema);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  {
-    int code = SQLITE_DROP_INDEX;
-    Table *pTab = pIndex->pTable;
-    const char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-    const char *zTab = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
-    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, zTab, 0, zDb) ){
-      goto exit_drop_index;
-    }
-    if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb ) code = SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX;
-    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, code, pIndex->zName, pTab->zName, zDb) ){
-      goto exit_drop_index;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Generate code to remove the index and from the master table */
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v ){
-    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-       "DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE name=%Q",
-       db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb),
-       pIndex->zName
-    );
-    if( sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_stat1", db->aDb[iDb].zName) ){
-      sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-        "DELETE FROM %Q.sqlite_stat1 WHERE idx=%Q",
-        db->aDb[iDb].zName, pIndex->zName
-      );
-    }
-    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
-    destroyRootPage(pParse, pIndex->tnum, iDb);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropIndex, iDb, 0, 0, pIndex->zName, 0);
-  }
-
-exit_drop_index:
-  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pName);
-}
-
-/*
-** pArray is a pointer to an array of objects.  Each object in the
-** array is szEntry bytes in size.  This routine allocates a new
-** object on the end of the array.
-**
-** *pnEntry is the number of entries already in use.  *pnAlloc is
-** the previously allocated size of the array.  initSize is the
-** suggested initial array size allocation.
-**
-** The index of the new entry is returned in *pIdx.
-**
-** This routine returns a pointer to the array of objects.  This
-** might be the same as the pArray parameter or it might be a different
-** pointer if the array was resized.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(
-  sqlite3 *db,      /* Connection to notify of malloc failures */
-  void *pArray,     /* Array of objects.  Might be reallocated */
-  int szEntry,      /* Size of each object in the array */
-  int initSize,     /* Suggested initial allocation, in elements */
-  int *pnEntry,     /* Number of objects currently in use */
-  int *pnAlloc,     /* Current size of the allocation, in elements */
-  int *pIdx         /* Write the index of a new slot here */
-){
-  char *z;
-  if( *pnEntry >= *pnAlloc ){
-    void *pNew;
-    int newSize;
-    newSize = (*pnAlloc)*2 + initSize;
-    pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pArray, newSize*szEntry);
-    if( pNew==0 ){
-      *pIdx = -1;
-      return pArray;
-    }
-    *pnAlloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, pNew)/szEntry;
-    pArray = pNew;
-  }
-  z = (char*)pArray;
-  memset(&z[*pnEntry * szEntry], 0, szEntry);
-  *pIdx = *pnEntry;
-  ++*pnEntry;
-  return pArray;
-}
-
-/*
-** Append a new element to the given IdList.  Create a new IdList if
-** need be.
-**
-** A new IdList is returned, or NULL if malloc() fails.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3 *db, IdList *pList, Token *pToken){
-  int i;
-  if( pList==0 ){
-    pList = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(IdList) );
-    if( pList==0 ) return 0;
-    pList->nAlloc = 0;
-  }
-  pList->a = sqlite3ArrayAllocate(
-      db,
-      pList->a,
-      sizeof(pList->a[0]),
-      5,
-      &pList->nId,
-      &pList->nAlloc,
-      &i
-  );
-  if( i<0 ){
-    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pList);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pList->a[i].zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pToken);
-  return pList;
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete an IdList.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3 *db, IdList *pList){
-  int i;
-  if( pList==0 ) return;
-  for(i=0; i<pList->nId; i++){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pList->a[i].zName);
-  }
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList->a);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the index in pList of the identifier named zId.  Return -1
-** if not found.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList *pList, const char *zName){
-  int i;
-  if( pList==0 ) return -1;
-  for(i=0; i<pList->nId; i++){
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(pList->a[i].zName, zName)==0 ) return i;
-  }
-  return -1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Expand the space allocated for the given SrcList object by
-** creating nExtra new slots beginning at iStart.  iStart is zero based.
-** New slots are zeroed.
-**
-** For example, suppose a SrcList initially contains two entries: A,B.
-** To append 3 new entries onto the end, do this:
-**
-**    sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(db, pSrclist, 3, 2);
-**
-** After the call above it would contain:  A, B, nil, nil, nil.
-** If the iStart argument had been 1 instead of 2, then the result
-** would have been:  A, nil, nil, nil, B.  To prepend the new slots,
-** the iStart value would be 0.  The result then would
-** be: nil, nil, nil, A, B.
-**
-** If a memory allocation fails the SrcList is unchanged.  The
-** db->mallocFailed flag will be set to true.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(
-  sqlite3 *db,       /* Database connection to notify of OOM errors */
-  SrcList *pSrc,     /* The SrcList to be enlarged */
-  int nExtra,        /* Number of new slots to add to pSrc->a[] */
-  int iStart         /* Index in pSrc->a[] of first new slot */
-){
-  int i;
-
-  /* Sanity checking on calling parameters */
-  assert( iStart>=0 );
-  assert( nExtra>=1 );
-  assert( pSrc!=0 );
-  assert( iStart<=pSrc->nSrc );
-
-  /* Allocate additional space if needed */
-  if( pSrc->nSrc+nExtra>pSrc->nAlloc ){
-    SrcList *pNew;
-    int nAlloc = pSrc->nSrc+nExtra;
-    int nGot;
-    pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pSrc,
-               sizeof(*pSrc) + (nAlloc-1)*sizeof(pSrc->a[0]) );
-    if( pNew==0 ){
-      assert( db->mallocFailed );
-      return pSrc;
-    }
-    pSrc = pNew;
-    nGot = (sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, pNew) - sizeof(*pSrc))/sizeof(pSrc->a[0])+1;
-    pSrc->nAlloc = (u16)nGot;
-  }
-
-  /* Move existing slots that come after the newly inserted slots
-  ** out of the way */
-  for(i=pSrc->nSrc-1; i>=iStart; i--){
-    pSrc->a[i+nExtra] = pSrc->a[i];
-  }
-  pSrc->nSrc += (i16)nExtra;
-
-  /* Zero the newly allocated slots */
-  memset(&pSrc->a[iStart], 0, sizeof(pSrc->a[0])*nExtra);
-  for(i=iStart; i<iStart+nExtra; i++){
-    pSrc->a[i].iCursor = -1;
-  }
-
-  /* Return a pointer to the enlarged SrcList */
-  return pSrc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Append a new table name to the given SrcList.  Create a new SrcList if
-** need be.  A new entry is created in the SrcList even if pTable is NULL.
-**
-** A SrcList is returned, or NULL if there is an OOM error.  The returned
-** SrcList might be the same as the SrcList that was input or it might be
-** a new one.  If an OOM error does occurs, then the prior value of pList
-** that is input to this routine is automatically freed.
-**
-** If pDatabase is not null, it means that the table has an optional
-** database name prefix.  Like this:  "database.table".  The pDatabase
-** points to the table name and the pTable points to the database name.
-** The SrcList.a[].zName field is filled with the table name which might
-** come from pTable (if pDatabase is NULL) or from pDatabase.  
-** SrcList.a[].zDatabase is filled with the database name from pTable,
-** or with NULL if no database is specified.
-**
-** In other words, if call like this:
-**
-**         sqlite3SrcListAppend(D,A,B,0);
-**
-** Then B is a table name and the database name is unspecified.  If called
-** like this:
-**
-**         sqlite3SrcListAppend(D,A,B,C);
-**
-** Then C is the table name and B is the database name.  If C is defined
-** then so is B.  In other words, we never have a case where:
-**
-**         sqlite3SrcListAppend(D,A,0,C);
-**
-** Both pTable and pDatabase are assumed to be quoted.  They are dequoted
-** before being added to the SrcList.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(
-  sqlite3 *db,        /* Connection to notify of malloc failures */
-  SrcList *pList,     /* Append to this SrcList. NULL creates a new SrcList */
-  Token *pTable,      /* Table to append */
-  Token *pDatabase    /* Database of the table */
-){
-  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
-  assert( pDatabase==0 || pTable!=0 );  /* Cannot have C without B */
-  if( pList==0 ){
-    pList = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(SrcList) );
-    if( pList==0 ) return 0;
-    pList->nAlloc = 1;
-  }
-  pList = sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(db, pList, 1, pList->nSrc);
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pList);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pItem = &pList->a[pList->nSrc-1];
-  if( pDatabase && pDatabase->z==0 ){
-    pDatabase = 0;
-  }
-  if( pDatabase ){
-    Token *pTemp = pDatabase;
-    pDatabase = pTable;
-    pTable = pTemp;
-  }
-  pItem->zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pTable);
-  pItem->zDatabase = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pDatabase);
-  return pList;
-}
-
-/*
-** Assign VdbeCursor index numbers to all tables in a SrcList
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pList){
-  int i;
-  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
-  assert(pList || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
-  if( pList ){
-    for(i=0, pItem=pList->a; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
-      if( pItem->iCursor>=0 ) break;
-      pItem->iCursor = pParse->nTab++;
-      if( pItem->pSelect ){
-        sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pItem->pSelect->pSrc);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete an entire SrcList including all its substructure.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3 *db, SrcList *pList){
-  int i;
-  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
-  if( pList==0 ) return;
-  for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zDatabase);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zAlias);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zIndex);
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(pItem->pTab);
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pItem->pSelect);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pOn);
-    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pItem->pUsing);
-  }
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called by the parser to add a new term to the
-** end of a growing FROM clause.  The "p" parameter is the part of
-** the FROM clause that has already been constructed.  "p" is NULL
-** if this is the first term of the FROM clause.  pTable and pDatabase
-** are the name of the table and database named in the FROM clause term.
-** pDatabase is NULL if the database name qualifier is missing - the
-** usual case.  If the term has a alias, then pAlias points to the
-** alias token.  If the term is a subquery, then pSubquery is the
-** SELECT statement that the subquery encodes.  The pTable and
-** pDatabase parameters are NULL for subqueries.  The pOn and pUsing
-** parameters are the content of the ON and USING clauses.
-**
-** Return a new SrcList which encodes is the FROM with the new
-** term added.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
-  SrcList *p,             /* The left part of the FROM clause already seen */
-  Token *pTable,          /* Name of the table to add to the FROM clause */
-  Token *pDatabase,       /* Name of the database containing pTable */
-  Token *pAlias,          /* The right-hand side of the AS subexpression */
-  Select *pSubquery,      /* A subquery used in place of a table name */
-  Expr *pOn,              /* The ON clause of a join */
-  IdList *pUsing          /* The USING clause of a join */
-){
-  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  if( !p && (pOn || pUsing) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "a JOIN clause is required before %s", 
-      (pOn ? "ON" : "USING")
-    );
-    goto append_from_error;
-  }
-  p = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, p, pTable, pDatabase);
-  if( p==0 || NEVER(p->nSrc==0) ){
-    goto append_from_error;
-  }
-  pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
-  assert( pAlias!=0 );
-  if( pAlias->n ){
-    pItem->zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pAlias);
-  }
-  pItem->pSelect = pSubquery;
-  pItem->pOn = pOn;
-  pItem->pUsing = pUsing;
-  return p;
-
- append_from_error:
-  assert( p==0 );
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pOn);
-  sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pUsing);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSubquery);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add an INDEXED BY or NOT INDEXED clause to the most recently added 
-** element of the source-list passed as the second argument.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p, Token *pIndexedBy){
-  assert( pIndexedBy!=0 );
-  if( p && ALWAYS(p->nSrc>0) ){
-    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
-    assert( pItem->notIndexed==0 && pItem->zIndex==0 );
-    if( pIndexedBy->n==1 && !pIndexedBy->z ){
-      /* A "NOT INDEXED" clause was supplied. See parse.y 
-      ** construct "indexed_opt" for details. */
-      pItem->notIndexed = 1;
-    }else{
-      pItem->zIndex = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pIndexedBy);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** When building up a FROM clause in the parser, the join operator
-** is initially attached to the left operand.  But the code generator
-** expects the join operator to be on the right operand.  This routine
-** Shifts all join operators from left to right for an entire FROM
-** clause.
-**
-** Example: Suppose the join is like this:
-**
-**           A natural cross join B
-**
-** The operator is "natural cross join".  The A and B operands are stored
-** in p->a[0] and p->a[1], respectively.  The parser initially stores the
-** operator with A.  This routine shifts that operator over to B.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList *p){
-  if( p && p->a ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=p->nSrc-1; i>0; i--){
-      p->a[i].jointype = p->a[i-1].jointype;
-    }
-    p->a[0].jointype = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Begin a transaction
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse *pParse, int type){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  Vdbe *v;
-  int i;
-
-  assert( pParse!=0 );
-  db = pParse->db;
-  assert( db!=0 );
-/*  if( db->aDb[0].pBt==0 ) return; */
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, "BEGIN", 0, 0) ){
-    return;
-  }
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( !v ) return;
-  if( type!=TK_DEFERRED ){
-    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Transaction, i, (type==TK_EXCLUSIVE)+1);
-      sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, i);
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AutoCommit, 0, 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Commit a transaction
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse *pParse){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  Vdbe *v;
-
-  assert( pParse!=0 );
-  db = pParse->db;
-  assert( db!=0 );
-/*  if( db->aDb[0].pBt==0 ) return; */
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, "COMMIT", 0, 0) ){
-    return;
-  }
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AutoCommit, 1, 0);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Rollback a transaction
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse *pParse){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  Vdbe *v;
-
-  assert( pParse!=0 );
-  db = pParse->db;
-  assert( db!=0 );
-/*  if( db->aDb[0].pBt==0 ) return; */
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, "ROLLBACK", 0, 0) ){
-    return;
-  }
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AutoCommit, 1, 1);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called by the parser when it parses a command to create,
-** release or rollback an SQL savepoint. 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse *pParse, int op, Token *pName){
-  char *zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pName);
-  if( zName ){
-    Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-    static const char *az[] = { "BEGIN", "RELEASE", "ROLLBACK" };
-    assert( !SAVEPOINT_BEGIN && SAVEPOINT_RELEASE==1 && SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK==2 );
-#endif
-    if( !v || sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SAVEPOINT, az[op], zName, 0) ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, zName);
-      return;
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Savepoint, op, 0, 0, zName, P4_DYNAMIC);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Make sure the TEMP database is open and available for use.  Return
-** the number of errors.  Leave any error messages in the pParse structure.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *pParse){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  if( db->aDb[1].pBt==0 && !pParse->explain ){
-    int rc;
-    Btree *pBt;
-    static const int flags = 
-          SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE |
-          SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
-          SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
-          SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
-          SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB;
-
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeFactory(db, 0, 0, SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE, flags, &pBt);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unable to open a temporary database "
-        "file for storing temporary tables");
-      pParse->rc = rc;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    db->aDb[1].pBt = pBt;
-    assert( db->aDb[1].pSchema );
-    if( SQLITE_NOMEM==sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pBt, db->nextPagesize, -1, 0) ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    sqlite3PagerJournalMode(sqlite3BtreePager(pBt), db->dfltJournalMode);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate VDBE code that will verify the schema cookie and start
-** a read-transaction for all named database files.
-**
-** It is important that all schema cookies be verified and all
-** read transactions be started before anything else happens in
-** the VDBE program.  But this routine can be called after much other
-** code has been generated.  So here is what we do:
-**
-** The first time this routine is called, we code an OP_Goto that
-** will jump to a subroutine at the end of the program.  Then we
-** record every database that needs its schema verified in the
-** pParse->cookieMask field.  Later, after all other code has been
-** generated, the subroutine that does the cookie verifications and
-** starts the transactions will be coded and the OP_Goto P2 value
-** will be made to point to that subroutine.  The generation of the
-** cookie verification subroutine code happens in sqlite3FinishCoding().
-**
-** If iDb<0 then code the OP_Goto only - don't set flag to verify the
-** schema on any databases.  This can be used to position the OP_Goto
-** early in the code, before we know if any database tables will be used.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
-  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-
-  if( pToplevel->cookieGoto==0 ){
-    Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pToplevel);
-    if( v==0 ) return;  /* This only happens if there was a prior error */
-    pToplevel->cookieGoto = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0)+1;
-  }
-  if( iDb>=0 ){
-    sqlite3 *db = pToplevel->db;
-    int mask;
-
-    assert( iDb<db->nDb );
-    assert( db->aDb[iDb].pBt!=0 || iDb==1 );
-    assert( iDb<SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2 );
-    mask = 1<<iDb;
-    if( (pToplevel->cookieMask & mask)==0 ){
-      pToplevel->cookieMask |= mask;
-      pToplevel->cookieValue[iDb] = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->schema_cookie;
-      if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ){
-        sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(pToplevel);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate VDBE code that prepares for doing an operation that
-** might change the database.
-**
-** This routine starts a new transaction if we are not already within
-** a transaction.  If we are already within a transaction, then a checkpoint
-** is set if the setStatement parameter is true.  A checkpoint should
-** be set for operations that might fail (due to a constraint) part of
-** the way through and which will need to undo some writes without having to
-** rollback the whole transaction.  For operations where all constraints
-** can be checked before any changes are made to the database, it is never
-** necessary to undo a write and the checkpoint should not be set.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse *pParse, int setStatement, int iDb){
-  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-  sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
-  pToplevel->writeMask |= 1<<iDb;
-  pToplevel->isMultiWrite |= setStatement;
-}
-
-/*
-** Indicate that the statement currently under construction might write
-** more than one entry (example: deleting one row then inserting another,
-** inserting multiple rows in a table, or inserting a row and index entries.)
-** If an abort occurs after some of these writes have completed, then it will
-** be necessary to undo the completed writes.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse *pParse){
-  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-  pToplevel->isMultiWrite = 1;
-}
-
-/* 
-** The code generator calls this routine if is discovers that it is
-** possible to abort a statement prior to completion.  In order to 
-** perform this abort without corrupting the database, we need to make
-** sure that the statement is protected by a statement transaction.
-**
-** Technically, we only need to set the mayAbort flag if the
-** isMultiWrite flag was previously set.  There is a time dependency
-** such that the abort must occur after the multiwrite.  This makes
-** some statements involving the REPLACE conflict resolution algorithm
-** go a little faster.  But taking advantage of this time dependency
-** makes it more difficult to prove that the code is correct (in 
-** particular, it prevents us from writing an effective
-** implementation of sqlite3AssertMayAbort()) and so we have chosen
-** to take the safe route and skip the optimization.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse *pParse){
-  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-  pToplevel->mayAbort = 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Code an OP_Halt that causes the vdbe to return an SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
-** error. The onError parameter determines which (if any) of the statement
-** and/or current transaction is rolled back.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse *pParse, int onError, char *p4, int p4type){
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( onError==OE_Abort ){
-    sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, onError, 0, p4, p4type);
-}
-
-/*
-** Check to see if pIndex uses the collating sequence pColl.  Return
-** true if it does and false if it does not.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
-static int collationMatch(const char *zColl, Index *pIndex){
-  int i;
-  assert( zColl!=0 );
-  for(i=0; i<pIndex->nColumn; i++){
-    const char *z = pIndex->azColl[i];
-    assert( z!=0 );
-    if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(z, zColl) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Recompute all indices of pTab that use the collating sequence pColl.
-** If pColl==0 then recompute all indices of pTab.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
-static void reindexTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, char const *zColl){
-  Index *pIndex;              /* An index associated with pTab */
-
-  for(pIndex=pTab->pIndex; pIndex; pIndex=pIndex->pNext){
-    if( zColl==0 || collationMatch(zColl, pIndex) ){
-      int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-      sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
-      sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, -1);
-    }
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Recompute all indices of all tables in all databases where the
-** indices use the collating sequence pColl.  If pColl==0 then recompute
-** all indices everywhere.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
-static void reindexDatabases(Parse *pParse, char const *zColl){
-  Db *pDb;                    /* A single database */
-  int iDb;                    /* The database index number */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;   /* The database connection */
-  HashElem *k;                /* For looping over tables in pDb */
-  Table *pTab;                /* A table in the database */
-
-  for(iDb=0, pDb=db->aDb; iDb<db->nDb; iDb++, pDb++){
-    assert( pDb!=0 );
-    for(k=sqliteHashFirst(&pDb->pSchema->tblHash);  k; k=sqliteHashNext(k)){
-      pTab = (Table*)sqliteHashData(k);
-      reindexTable(pParse, pTab, zColl);
-    }
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Generate code for the REINDEX command.
-**
-**        REINDEX                            -- 1
-**        REINDEX  <collation>               -- 2
-**        REINDEX  ?<database>.?<tablename>  -- 3
-**        REINDEX  ?<database>.?<indexname>  -- 4
-**
-** Form 1 causes all indices in all attached databases to be rebuilt.
-** Form 2 rebuilds all indices in all databases that use the named
-** collating function.  Forms 3 and 4 rebuild the named index or all
-** indices associated with the named table.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Reindex(Parse *pParse, Token *pName1, Token *pName2){
-  CollSeq *pColl;             /* Collating sequence to be reindexed, or NULL */
-  char *z;                    /* Name of a table or index */
-  const char *zDb;            /* Name of the database */
-  Table *pTab;                /* A table in the database */
-  Index *pIndex;              /* An index associated with pTab */
-  int iDb;                    /* The database index number */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;   /* The database connection */
-  Token *pObjName;            /* Name of the table or index to be reindexed */
-
-  /* Read the database schema. If an error occurs, leave an error message
-  ** and code in pParse and return NULL. */
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if( pName1==0 ){
-    reindexDatabases(pParse, 0);
-    return;
-  }else if( NEVER(pName2==0) || pName2->z==0 ){
-    char *zColl;
-    assert( pName1->z );
-    zColl = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pName1);
-    if( !zColl ) return;
-    pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
-    if( pColl ){
-      reindexDatabases(pParse, zColl);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zColl);
-      return;
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zColl);
-  }
-  iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pObjName);
-  if( iDb<0 ) return;
-  z = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pObjName);
-  if( z==0 ) return;
-  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, z, zDb);
-  if( pTab ){
-    reindexTable(pParse, pTab, 0);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
-    return;
-  }
-  pIndex = sqlite3FindIndex(db, z, zDb);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
-  if( pIndex ){
-    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
-    sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, -1);
-    return;
-  }
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unable to identify the object to be reindexed");
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return a dynamicly allocated KeyInfo structure that can be used
-** with OP_OpenRead or OP_OpenWrite to access database index pIdx.
-**
-** If successful, a pointer to the new structure is returned. In this case
-** the caller is responsible for calling sqlite3DbFree(db, ) on the returned 
-** pointer. If an error occurs (out of memory or missing collation 
-** sequence), NULL is returned and the state of pParse updated to reflect
-** the error.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE KeyInfo *sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(Parse *pParse, Index *pIdx){
-  int i;
-  int nCol = pIdx->nColumn;
-  int nBytes = sizeof(KeyInfo) + (nCol-1)*sizeof(CollSeq*) + nCol;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  KeyInfo *pKey = (KeyInfo *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nBytes);
-
-  if( pKey ){
-    pKey->db = pParse->db;
-    pKey->aSortOrder = (u8 *)&(pKey->aColl[nCol]);
-    assert( &pKey->aSortOrder[nCol]==&(((u8 *)pKey)[nBytes]) );
-    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-      char *zColl = pIdx->azColl[i];
-      assert( zColl );
-      pKey->aColl[i] = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zColl);
-      pKey->aSortOrder[i] = pIdx->aSortOrder[i];
-    }
-    pKey->nField = (u16)nCol;
-  }
-
-  if( pParse->nErr ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pKey);
-    pKey = 0;
-  }
-  return pKey;
-}
-
-/************** End of build.c ***********************************************/
-/************** Begin file callback.c ****************************************/
-/*
-** 2005 May 23 
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains functions used to access the internal hash tables
-** of user defined functions and collation sequences.
-*/
-
-
-/*
-** Invoke the 'collation needed' callback to request a collation sequence
-** in the encoding enc of name zName, length nName.
-*/
-static void callCollNeeded(sqlite3 *db, int enc, const char *zName){
-  assert( !db->xCollNeeded || !db->xCollNeeded16 );
-  if( db->xCollNeeded ){
-    char *zExternal = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
-    if( !zExternal ) return;
-    db->xCollNeeded(db->pCollNeededArg, db, enc, zExternal);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zExternal);
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  if( db->xCollNeeded16 ){
-    char const *zExternal;
-    sqlite3_value *pTmp = sqlite3ValueNew(db);
-    sqlite3ValueSetStr(pTmp, -1, zName, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
-    zExternal = sqlite3ValueText(pTmp, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
-    if( zExternal ){
-      db->xCollNeeded16(db->pCollNeededArg, db, (int)ENC(db), zExternal);
-    }
-    sqlite3ValueFree(pTmp);
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called if the collation factory fails to deliver a
-** collation function in the best encoding but there may be other versions
-** of this collation function (for other text encodings) available. Use one
-** of these instead if they exist. Avoid a UTF-8 <-> UTF-16 conversion if
-** possible.
-*/
-static int synthCollSeq(sqlite3 *db, CollSeq *pColl){
-  CollSeq *pColl2;
-  char *z = pColl->zName;
-  int i;
-  static const u8 aEnc[] = { SQLITE_UTF16BE, SQLITE_UTF16LE, SQLITE_UTF8 };
-  for(i=0; i<3; i++){
-    pColl2 = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, aEnc[i], z, 0);
-    if( pColl2->xCmp!=0 ){
-      memcpy(pColl, pColl2, sizeof(CollSeq));
-      pColl->xDel = 0;         /* Do not copy the destructor */
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_ERROR;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is responsible for invoking the collation factory callback
-** or substituting a collation sequence of a different encoding when the
-** requested collation sequence is not available in the desired encoding.
-** 
-** If it is not NULL, then pColl must point to the database native encoding 
-** collation sequence with name zName, length nName.
-**
-** The return value is either the collation sequence to be used in database
-** db for collation type name zName, length nName, or NULL, if no collation
-** sequence can be found.
-**
-** See also: sqlite3LocateCollSeq(), sqlite3FindCollSeq()
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(
-  sqlite3* db,          /* The database connection */
-  u8 enc,               /* The desired encoding for the collating sequence */
-  CollSeq *pColl,       /* Collating sequence with native encoding, or NULL */
-  const char *zName     /* Collating sequence name */
-){
-  CollSeq *p;
-
-  p = pColl;
-  if( !p ){
-    p = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, 0);
-  }
-  if( !p || !p->xCmp ){
-    /* No collation sequence of this type for this encoding is registered.
-    ** Call the collation factory to see if it can supply us with one.
-    */
-    callCollNeeded(db, enc, zName);
-    p = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, 0);
-  }
-  if( p && !p->xCmp && synthCollSeq(db, p) ){
-    p = 0;
-  }
-  assert( !p || p->xCmp );
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called on a collation sequence before it is used to
-** check that it is defined. An undefined collation sequence exists when
-** a database is loaded that contains references to collation sequences
-** that have not been defined by sqlite3_create_collation() etc.
-**
-** If required, this routine calls the 'collation needed' callback to
-** request a definition of the collating sequence. If this doesn't work, 
-** an equivalent collating sequence that uses a text encoding different
-** from the main database is substituted, if one is available.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *pParse, CollSeq *pColl){
-  if( pColl ){
-    const char *zName = pColl->zName;
-    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-    CollSeq *p = sqlite3GetCollSeq(db, ENC(db), pColl, zName);
-    if( !p ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such collation sequence: %s", zName);
-      pParse->nErr++;
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    assert( p==pColl );
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-
-/*
-** Locate and return an entry from the db.aCollSeq hash table. If the entry
-** specified by zName and nName is not found and parameter 'create' is
-** true, then create a new entry. Otherwise return NULL.
-**
-** Each pointer stored in the sqlite3.aCollSeq hash table contains an
-** array of three CollSeq structures. The first is the collation sequence
-** prefferred for UTF-8, the second UTF-16le, and the third UTF-16be.
-**
-** Stored immediately after the three collation sequences is a copy of
-** the collation sequence name. A pointer to this string is stored in
-** each collation sequence structure.
-*/
-static CollSeq *findCollSeqEntry(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* Database connection */
-  const char *zName,    /* Name of the collating sequence */
-  int create            /* Create a new entry if true */
-){
-  CollSeq *pColl;
-  int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-  pColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName, nName);
-
-  if( 0==pColl && create ){
-    pColl = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 3*sizeof(*pColl) + nName + 1 );
-    if( pColl ){
-      CollSeq *pDel = 0;
-      pColl[0].zName = (char*)&pColl[3];
-      pColl[0].enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-      pColl[1].zName = (char*)&pColl[3];
-      pColl[1].enc = SQLITE_UTF16LE;
-      pColl[2].zName = (char*)&pColl[3];
-      pColl[2].enc = SQLITE_UTF16BE;
-      memcpy(pColl[0].zName, zName, nName);
-      pColl[0].zName[nName] = 0;
-      pDel = sqlite3HashInsert(&db->aCollSeq, pColl[0].zName, nName, pColl);
-
-      /* If a malloc() failure occurred in sqlite3HashInsert(), it will 
-      ** return the pColl pointer to be deleted (because it wasn't added
-      ** to the hash table).
-      */
-      assert( pDel==0 || pDel==pColl );
-      if( pDel!=0 ){
-        db->mallocFailed = 1;
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, pDel);
-        pColl = 0;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return pColl;
-}
-
-/*
-** Parameter zName points to a UTF-8 encoded string nName bytes long.
-** Return the CollSeq* pointer for the collation sequence named zName
-** for the encoding 'enc' from the database 'db'.
-**
-** If the entry specified is not found and 'create' is true, then create a
-** new entry.  Otherwise return NULL.
-**
-** A separate function sqlite3LocateCollSeq() is a wrapper around
-** this routine.  sqlite3LocateCollSeq() invokes the collation factory
-** if necessary and generates an error message if the collating sequence
-** cannot be found.
-**
-** See also: sqlite3LocateCollSeq(), sqlite3GetCollSeq()
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  u8 enc,
-  const char *zName,
-  int create
-){
-  CollSeq *pColl;
-  if( zName ){
-    pColl = findCollSeqEntry(db, zName, create);
-  }else{
-    pColl = db->pDfltColl;
-  }
-  assert( SQLITE_UTF8==1 && SQLITE_UTF16LE==2 && SQLITE_UTF16BE==3 );
-  assert( enc>=SQLITE_UTF8 && enc<=SQLITE_UTF16BE );
-  if( pColl ) pColl += enc-1;
-  return pColl;
-}
-
-/* During the search for the best function definition, this procedure
-** is called to test how well the function passed as the first argument
-** matches the request for a function with nArg arguments in a system
-** that uses encoding enc. The value returned indicates how well the
-** request is matched. A higher value indicates a better match.
-**
-** The returned value is always between 0 and 6, as follows:
-**
-** 0: Not a match, or if nArg<0 and the function is has no implementation.
-** 1: A variable arguments function that prefers UTF-8 when a UTF-16
-**    encoding is requested, or vice versa.
-** 2: A variable arguments function that uses UTF-16BE when UTF-16LE is
-**    requested, or vice versa.
-** 3: A variable arguments function using the same text encoding.
-** 4: A function with the exact number of arguments requested that
-**    prefers UTF-8 when a UTF-16 encoding is requested, or vice versa.
-** 5: A function with the exact number of arguments requested that
-**    prefers UTF-16LE when UTF-16BE is requested, or vice versa.
-** 6: An exact match.
-**
-*/
-static int matchQuality(FuncDef *p, int nArg, u8 enc){
-  int match = 0;
-  if( p->nArg==-1 || p->nArg==nArg 
-   || (nArg==-1 && (p->xFunc!=0 || p->xStep!=0))
-  ){
-    match = 1;
-    if( p->nArg==nArg || nArg==-1 ){
-      match = 4;
-    }
-    if( enc==p->iPrefEnc ){
-      match += 2;
-    }
-    else if( (enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE && p->iPrefEnc==SQLITE_UTF16BE) ||
-             (enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE && p->iPrefEnc==SQLITE_UTF16LE) ){
-      match += 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return match;
-}
-
-/*
-** Search a FuncDefHash for a function with the given name.  Return
-** a pointer to the matching FuncDef if found, or 0 if there is no match.
-*/
-static FuncDef *functionSearch(
-  FuncDefHash *pHash,  /* Hash table to search */
-  int h,               /* Hash of the name */
-  const char *zFunc,   /* Name of function */
-  int nFunc            /* Number of bytes in zFunc */
-){
-  FuncDef *p;
-  for(p=pHash->a[h]; p; p=p->pHash){
-    if( sqlite3StrNICmp(p->zName, zFunc, nFunc)==0 && p->zName[nFunc]==0 ){
-      return p;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Insert a new FuncDef into a FuncDefHash hash table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FuncDefInsert(
-  FuncDefHash *pHash,  /* The hash table into which to insert */
-  FuncDef *pDef        /* The function definition to insert */
-){
-  FuncDef *pOther;
-  int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(pDef->zName);
-  u8 c1 = (u8)pDef->zName[0];
-  int h = (sqlite3UpperToLower[c1] + nName) % ArraySize(pHash->a);
-  pOther = functionSearch(pHash, h, pDef->zName, nName);
-  if( pOther ){
-    assert( pOther!=pDef && pOther->pNext!=pDef );
-    pDef->pNext = pOther->pNext;
-    pOther->pNext = pDef;
-  }else{
-    pDef->pNext = 0;
-    pDef->pHash = pHash->a[h];
-    pHash->a[h] = pDef;
-  }
-}
-  
-  
-
-/*
-** Locate a user function given a name, a number of arguments and a flag
-** indicating whether the function prefers UTF-16 over UTF-8.  Return a
-** pointer to the FuncDef structure that defines that function, or return
-** NULL if the function does not exist.
-**
-** If the createFlag argument is true, then a new (blank) FuncDef
-** structure is created and liked into the "db" structure if a
-** no matching function previously existed.  When createFlag is true
-** and the nArg parameter is -1, then only a function that accepts
-** any number of arguments will be returned.
-**
-** If createFlag is false and nArg is -1, then the first valid
-** function found is returned.  A function is valid if either xFunc
-** or xStep is non-zero.
-**
-** If createFlag is false, then a function with the required name and
-** number of arguments may be returned even if the eTextRep flag does not
-** match that requested.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(
-  sqlite3 *db,       /* An open database */
-  const char *zName, /* Name of the function.  Not null-terminated */
-  int nName,         /* Number of characters in the name */
-  int nArg,          /* Number of arguments.  -1 means any number */
-  u8 enc,            /* Preferred text encoding */
-  int createFlag     /* Create new entry if true and does not otherwise exist */
-){
-  FuncDef *p;         /* Iterator variable */
-  FuncDef *pBest = 0; /* Best match found so far */
-  int bestScore = 0;  /* Score of best match */
-  int h;              /* Hash value */
-
-
-  assert( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE || enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
-  h = (sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)zName[0]] + nName) % ArraySize(db->aFunc.a);
-
-  /* First search for a match amongst the application-defined functions.
-  */
-  p = functionSearch(&db->aFunc, h, zName, nName);
-  while( p ){
-    int score = matchQuality(p, nArg, enc);
-    if( score>bestScore ){
-      pBest = p;
-      bestScore = score;
-    }
-    p = p->pNext;
-  }
-
-  /* If no match is found, search the built-in functions.
-  **
-  ** Except, if createFlag is true, that means that we are trying to
-  ** install a new function.  Whatever FuncDef structure is returned will
-  ** have fields overwritten with new information appropriate for the
-  ** new function.  But the FuncDefs for built-in functions are read-only.
-  ** So we must not search for built-ins when creating a new function.
-  */ 
-  if( !createFlag && !pBest ){
-    FuncDefHash *pHash = &GLOBAL(FuncDefHash, sqlite3GlobalFunctions);
-    p = functionSearch(pHash, h, zName, nName);
-    while( p ){
-      int score = matchQuality(p, nArg, enc);
-      if( score>bestScore ){
-        pBest = p;
-        bestScore = score;
-      }
-      p = p->pNext;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If the createFlag parameter is true and the search did not reveal an
-  ** exact match for the name, number of arguments and encoding, then add a
-  ** new entry to the hash table and return it.
-  */
-  if( createFlag && (bestScore<6 || pBest->nArg!=nArg) && 
-      (pBest = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pBest)+nName+1))!=0 ){
-    pBest->zName = (char *)&pBest[1];
-    pBest->nArg = (u16)nArg;
-    pBest->iPrefEnc = enc;
-    memcpy(pBest->zName, zName, nName);
-    pBest->zName[nName] = 0;
-    sqlite3FuncDefInsert(&db->aFunc, pBest);
-  }
-
-  if( pBest && (pBest->xStep || pBest->xFunc || createFlag) ){
-    return pBest;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Free all resources held by the schema structure. The void* argument points
-** at a Schema struct. This function does not call sqlite3DbFree(db, ) on the 
-** pointer itself, it just cleans up subsiduary resources (i.e. the contents
-** of the schema hash tables).
-**
-** The Schema.cache_size variable is not cleared.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SchemaFree(void *p){
-  Hash temp1;
-  Hash temp2;
-  HashElem *pElem;
-  Schema *pSchema = (Schema *)p;
-
-  temp1 = pSchema->tblHash;
-  temp2 = pSchema->trigHash;
-  sqlite3HashInit(&pSchema->trigHash);
-  sqlite3HashClear(&pSchema->idxHash);
-  for(pElem=sqliteHashFirst(&temp2); pElem; pElem=sqliteHashNext(pElem)){
-    sqlite3DeleteTrigger(0, (Trigger*)sqliteHashData(pElem));
-  }
-  sqlite3HashClear(&temp2);
-  sqlite3HashInit(&pSchema->tblHash);
-  for(pElem=sqliteHashFirst(&temp1); pElem; pElem=sqliteHashNext(pElem)){
-    Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(pElem);
-    assert( pTab->dbMem==0 );
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(pTab);
-  }
-  sqlite3HashClear(&temp1);
-  sqlite3HashClear(&pSchema->fkeyHash);
-  pSchema->pSeqTab = 0;
-  pSchema->flags &= ~DB_SchemaLoaded;
-}
-
-/*
-** Find and return the schema associated with a BTree.  Create
-** a new one if necessary.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *db, Btree *pBt){
-  Schema * p;
-  if( pBt ){
-    p = (Schema *)sqlite3BtreeSchema(pBt, sizeof(Schema), sqlite3SchemaFree);
-  }else{
-    p = (Schema *)sqlite3MallocZero(sizeof(Schema));
-  }
-  if( !p ){
-    db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  }else if ( 0==p->file_format ){
-    sqlite3HashInit(&p->tblHash);
-    sqlite3HashInit(&p->idxHash);
-    sqlite3HashInit(&p->trigHash);
-    sqlite3HashInit(&p->fkeyHash);
-    p->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
-/************** End of callback.c ********************************************/
-/************** Begin file delete.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
-** in order to generate code for DELETE FROM statements.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Look up every table that is named in pSrc.  If any table is not found,
-** add an error message to pParse->zErrMsg and return NULL.  If all tables
-** are found, return a pointer to the last table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc){
-  struct SrcList_item *pItem = pSrc->a;
-  Table *pTab;
-  assert( pItem && pSrc->nSrc==1 );
-  pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, pItem->zName, pItem->zDatabase);
-  sqlite3DeleteTable(pItem->pTab);
-  pItem->pTab = pTab;
-  if( pTab ){
-    pTab->nRef++;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3IndexedByLookup(pParse, pItem) ){
-    pTab = 0;
-  }
-  return pTab;
-}
-
-/*
-** Check to make sure the given table is writable.  If it is not
-** writable, generate an error message and return 1.  If it is
-** writable return 0;
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, int viewOk){
-  /* A table is not writable under the following circumstances:
-  **
-  **   1) It is a virtual table and no implementation of the xUpdate method
-  **      has been provided, or
-  **   2) It is a system table (i.e. sqlite_master), this call is not
-  **      part of a nested parse and writable_schema pragma has not 
-  **      been specified.
-  **
-  ** In either case leave an error message in pParse and return non-zero.
-  */
-  if( ( IsVirtual(pTab) 
-     && sqlite3GetVTable(pParse->db, pTab)->pMod->pModule->xUpdate==0 )
-   || ( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Readonly)!=0
-     && (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0
-     && pParse->nested==0 )
-  ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be modified", pTab->zName);
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-  if( !viewOk && pTab->pSelect ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"cannot modify %s because it is a view",pTab->zName);
-    return 1;
-  }
-#endif
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-/*
-** Evaluate a view and store its result in an ephemeral table.  The
-** pWhere argument is an optional WHERE clause that restricts the
-** set of rows in the view that are to be added to the ephemeral table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MaterializeView(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
-  Table *pView,        /* View definition */
-  Expr *pWhere,        /* Optional WHERE clause to be added */
-  int iCur             /* Cursor number for ephemerial table */
-){
-  SelectDest dest;
-  Select *pDup;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  pDup = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pView->pSelect, 0);
-  if( pWhere ){
-    SrcList *pFrom;
-    
-    pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, 0);
-    pFrom = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, 0, 0);
-    if( pFrom ){
-      assert( pFrom->nSrc==1 );
-      pFrom->a[0].zAlias = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pView->zName);
-      pFrom->a[0].pSelect = pDup;
-      assert( pFrom->a[0].pOn==0 );
-      assert( pFrom->a[0].pUsing==0 );
-    }else{
-      sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pDup);
-    }
-    pDup = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0, pFrom, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-  }
-  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, iCur);
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, pDup, &dest);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pDup);
-}
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) */
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
-/*
-** Generate an expression tree to implement the WHERE, ORDER BY,
-** and LIMIT/OFFSET portion of DELETE and UPDATE statements.
-**
-**     DELETE FROM table_wxyz WHERE a<5 ORDER BY a LIMIT 1;
-**                            \__________________________/
-**                               pLimitWhere (pInClause)
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(
-  Parse *pParse,               /* The parser context */
-  SrcList *pSrc,               /* the FROM clause -- which tables to scan */
-  Expr *pWhere,                /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,          /* The ORDER BY clause.  May be null */
-  Expr *pLimit,                /* The LIMIT clause.  May be null */
-  Expr *pOffset,               /* The OFFSET clause.  May be null */
-  char *zStmtType              /* Either DELETE or UPDATE.  For error messages. */
-){
-  Expr *pWhereRowid = NULL;    /* WHERE rowid .. */
-  Expr *pInClause = NULL;      /* WHERE rowid IN ( select ) */
-  Expr *pSelectRowid = NULL;   /* SELECT rowid ... */
-  ExprList *pEList = NULL;     /* Expression list contaning only pSelectRowid */
-  SrcList *pSelectSrc = NULL;  /* SELECT rowid FROM x ... (dup of pSrc) */
-  Select *pSelect = NULL;      /* Complete SELECT tree */
-
-  /* Check that there isn't an ORDER BY without a LIMIT clause.
-  */
-  if( pOrderBy && (pLimit == 0) ) {
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "ORDER BY without LIMIT on %s", zStmtType);
-    pParse->parseError = 1;
-    goto limit_where_cleanup_2;
-  }
-
-  /* We only need to generate a select expression if there
-  ** is a limit/offset term to enforce.
-  */
-  if( pLimit == 0 ) {
-    /* if pLimit is null, pOffset will always be null as well. */
-    assert( pOffset == 0 );
-    return pWhere;
-  }
-
-  /* Generate a select expression tree to enforce the limit/offset 
-  ** term for the DELETE or UPDATE statement.  For example:
-  **   DELETE FROM table_a WHERE col1=1 ORDER BY col2 LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1
-  ** becomes:
-  **   DELETE FROM table_a WHERE rowid IN ( 
-  **     SELECT rowid FROM table_a WHERE col1=1 ORDER BY col2 LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1
-  **   );
-  */
-
-  pSelectRowid = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0, 0);
-  if( pSelectRowid == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_2;
-  pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pSelectRowid);
-  if( pEList == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_2;
-
-  /* duplicate the FROM clause as it is needed by both the DELETE/UPDATE tree
-  ** and the SELECT subtree. */
-  pSelectSrc = sqlite3SrcListDup(pParse->db, pSrc, 0);
-  if( pSelectSrc == 0 ) {
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pEList);
-    goto limit_where_cleanup_2;
-  }
-
-  /* generate the SELECT expression tree. */
-  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,pEList,pSelectSrc,pWhere,0,0,
-                             pOrderBy,0,pLimit,pOffset);
-  if( pSelect == 0 ) return 0;
-
-  /* now generate the new WHERE rowid IN clause for the DELETE/UDPATE */
-  pWhereRowid = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0, 0);
-  if( pWhereRowid == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_1;
-  pInClause = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pWhereRowid, 0, 0);
-  if( pInClause == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_1;
-
-  pInClause->x.pSelect = pSelect;
-  pInClause->flags |= EP_xIsSelect;
-  sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, pInClause);
-  return pInClause;
-
-  /* something went wrong. clean up anything allocated. */
-limit_where_cleanup_1:
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, pSelect);
-  return 0;
-
-limit_where_cleanup_2:
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pWhere);
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pOrderBy);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pLimit);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pOffset);
-  return 0;
-}
-#endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) */
-
-/*
-** Generate code for a DELETE FROM statement.
-**
-**     DELETE FROM table_wxyz WHERE a<5 AND b NOT NULL;
-**                 \________/       \________________/
-**                  pTabList              pWhere
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
-  Parse *pParse,         /* The parser context */
-  SrcList *pTabList,     /* The table from which we should delete things */
-  Expr *pWhere           /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
-){
-  Vdbe *v;               /* The virtual database engine */
-  Table *pTab;           /* The table from which records will be deleted */
-  const char *zDb;       /* Name of database holding pTab */
-  int end, addr = 0;     /* A couple addresses of generated code */
-  int i;                 /* Loop counter */
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo;     /* Information about the WHERE clause */
-  Index *pIdx;           /* For looping over indices of the table */
-  int iCur;              /* VDBE Cursor number for pTab */
-  sqlite3 *db;           /* Main database structure */
-  AuthContext sContext;  /* Authorization context */
-  NameContext sNC;       /* Name context to resolve expressions in */
-  int iDb;               /* Database number */
-  int memCnt = -1;       /* Memory cell used for change counting */
-  int rcauth;            /* Value returned by authorization callback */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  int isView;                  /* True if attempting to delete from a view */
-  Trigger *pTrigger;           /* List of table triggers, if required */
-#endif
-
-  memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
-  db = pParse->db;
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto delete_from_cleanup;
-  }
-  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
-
-  /* Locate the table which we want to delete.  This table has to be
-  ** put in an SrcList structure because some of the subroutines we
-  ** will be calling are designed to work with multiple tables and expect
-  ** an SrcList* parameter instead of just a Table* parameter.
-  */
-  pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTabList);
-  if( pTab==0 )  goto delete_from_cleanup;
-
-  /* Figure out if we have any triggers and if the table being
-  ** deleted from is a view
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0);
-  isView = pTab->pSelect!=0;
-#else
-# define pTrigger 0
-# define isView 0
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-# undef isView
-# define isView 0
-#endif
-
-  /* If pTab is really a view, make sure it has been initialized.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
-    goto delete_from_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  if( sqlite3IsReadOnly(pParse, pTab, (pTrigger?1:0)) ){
-    goto delete_from_cleanup;
-  }
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-  assert( iDb<db->nDb );
-  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-  rcauth = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, pTab->zName, 0, zDb);
-  assert( rcauth==SQLITE_OK || rcauth==SQLITE_DENY || rcauth==SQLITE_IGNORE );
-  if( rcauth==SQLITE_DENY ){
-    goto delete_from_cleanup;
-  }
-  assert(!isView || pTrigger);
-
-  /* Assign  cursor number to the table and all its indices.
-  */
-  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
-  iCur = pTabList->a[0].iCursor = pParse->nTab++;
-  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-    pParse->nTab++;
-  }
-
-  /* Start the view context
-  */
-  if( isView ){
-    sqlite3AuthContextPush(pParse, &sContext, pTab->zName);
-  }
-
-  /* Begin generating code.
-  */
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v==0 ){
-    goto delete_from_cleanup;
-  }
-  if( pParse->nested==0 ) sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(v);
-  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
-
-  /* If we are trying to delete from a view, realize that view into
-  ** a ephemeral table.
-  */
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-  if( isView ){
-    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, pWhere, iCur);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Resolve the column names in the WHERE clause.
-  */
-  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
-  sNC.pParse = pParse;
-  sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
-  if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhere) ){
-    goto delete_from_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  /* Initialize the counter of the number of rows deleted, if
-  ** we are counting rows.
-  */
-  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows ){
-    memCnt = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, memCnt);
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION
-  /* Special case: A DELETE without a WHERE clause deletes everything.
-  ** It is easier just to erase the whole table. Prior to version 3.6.5,
-  ** this optimization caused the row change count (the value returned by 
-  ** API function sqlite3_count_changes) to be set incorrectly.  */
-  if( rcauth==SQLITE_OK && pWhere==0 && !pTrigger && !IsVirtual(pTab) 
-   && 0==sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0)
-  ){
-    assert( !isView );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Clear, pTab->tnum, iDb, memCnt,
-                      pTab->zName, P4_STATIC);
-    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-      assert( pIdx->pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, pIdx->tnum, iDb);
-    }
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION */
-  /* The usual case: There is a WHERE clause so we have to scan through
-  ** the table and pick which records to delete.
-  */
-  {
-    int iRowSet = ++pParse->nMem;   /* Register for rowset of rows to delete */
-    int iRowid = ++pParse->nMem;    /* Used for storing rowid values. */
-    int regRowid;                   /* Actual register containing rowids */
-
-    /* Collect rowids of every row to be deleted.
-    */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, iRowSet);
-    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere,0,WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK);
-    if( pWInfo==0 ) goto delete_from_cleanup;
-    regRowid = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pTab, -1, iCur, iRowid);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, iRowSet, regRowid);
-    if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, memCnt, 1);
-    }
-    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
-
-    /* Delete every item whose key was written to the list during the
-    ** database scan.  We have to delete items after the scan is complete
-    ** because deleting an item can change the scan order.  */
-    end = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-
-    /* Unless this is a view, open cursors for the table we are 
-    ** deleting from and all its indices. If this is a view, then the
-    ** only effect this statement has is to fire the INSTEAD OF 
-    ** triggers.  */
-    if( !isView ){
-      sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, iCur, OP_OpenWrite);
-    }
-
-    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowSetRead, iRowSet, end, iRowid);
-
-    /* Delete the row */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-      const char *pVTab = (const char *)sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab);
-      sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(pParse, pTab);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VUpdate, 0, 1, iRowid, pVTab, P4_VTAB);
-      sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
-    }else
-#endif
-    {
-      int count = (pParse->nested==0);    /* True to count changes */
-      sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, iRowid, count, pTrigger, OE_Default);
-    }
-
-    /* End of the delete loop */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr);
-    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, end);
-
-    /* Close the cursors open on the table and its indexes. */
-    if( !isView && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-      for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; i++, pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iCur + i, pIdx->tnum);
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCur);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Update the sqlite_sequence table by storing the content of the
-  ** maximum rowid counter values recorded while inserting into
-  ** autoincrement tables.
-  */
-  if( pParse->nested==0 && pParse->pTriggerTab==0 ){
-    sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
-  }
-
-  /* Return the number of rows that were deleted. If this routine is 
-  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
-  ** invoke the callback function.
-  */
-  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_CountRows) && !pParse->nested && !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, memCnt, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows deleted", SQLITE_STATIC);
-  }
-
-delete_from_cleanup:
-  sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);
-  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
-  return;
-}
-/* Make sure "isView" and other macros defined above are undefined. Otherwise
-** thely may interfere with compilation of other functions in this file
-** (or in another file, if this file becomes part of the amalgamation).  */
-#ifdef isView
- #undef isView
-#endif
-#ifdef pTrigger
- #undef pTrigger
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This routine generates VDBE code that causes a single row of a
-** single table to be deleted.
-**
-** The VDBE must be in a particular state when this routine is called.
-** These are the requirements:
-**
-**   1.  A read/write cursor pointing to pTab, the table containing the row
-**       to be deleted, must be opened as cursor number $iCur.
-**
-**   2.  Read/write cursors for all indices of pTab must be open as
-**       cursor number base+i for the i-th index.
-**
-**   3.  The record number of the row to be deleted must be stored in
-**       memory cell iRowid.
-**
-** This routine generates code to remove both the table record and all 
-** index entries that point to that record.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
-  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
-  Table *pTab,       /* Table containing the row to be deleted */
-  int iCur,          /* Cursor number for the table */
-  int iRowid,        /* Memory cell that contains the rowid to delete */
-  int count,         /* If non-zero, increment the row change counter */
-  Trigger *pTrigger, /* List of triggers to (potentially) fire */
-  int onconf         /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for triggers */
-){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;        /* Vdbe */
-  int iOld = 0;                   /* First register in OLD.* array */
-  int iLabel;                     /* Label resolved to end of generated code */
-
-  /* Vdbe is guaranteed to have been allocated by this stage. */
-  assert( v );
-
-  /* Seek cursor iCur to the row to delete. If this row no longer exists 
-  ** (this can happen if a trigger program has already deleted it), do
-  ** not attempt to delete it or fire any DELETE triggers.  */
-  iLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, iLabel, iRowid);
- 
-  /* If there are any triggers to fire, allocate a range of registers to
-  ** use for the old.* references in the triggers.  */
-  if( sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0) || pTrigger ){
-    u32 mask;                     /* Mask of OLD.* columns in use */
-    int iCol;                     /* Iterator used while populating OLD.* */
-
-    /* TODO: Could use temporary registers here. Also could attempt to
-    ** avoid copying the contents of the rowid register.  */
-    mask = sqlite3TriggerColmask(
-        pParse, pTrigger, 0, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE|TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, onconf
-    );
-    mask |= sqlite3FkOldmask(pParse, pTab);
-    iOld = pParse->nMem+1;
-    pParse->nMem += (1 + pTab->nCol);
-
-    /* Populate the OLD.* pseudo-table register array. These values will be 
-    ** used by any BEFORE and AFTER triggers that exist.  */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, iRowid, iOld);
-    for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
-      if( mask==0xffffffff || mask&(1<<iCol) ){
-        int iTarget = iOld + iCol + 1;
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, iCol, iTarget);
-        sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, iCol, iTarget);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Invoke BEFORE DELETE trigger programs. */
-    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, 
-        TK_DELETE, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, iOld, onconf, iLabel
-    );
-
-    /* Seek the cursor to the row to be deleted again. It may be that
-    ** the BEFORE triggers coded above have already removed the row
-    ** being deleted. Do not attempt to delete the row a second time, and 
-    ** do not fire AFTER triggers.  */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, iLabel, iRowid);
-
-    /* Do FK processing. This call checks that any FK constraints that
-    ** refer to this table (i.e. constraints attached to other tables) 
-    ** are not violated by deleting this row.  */
-    sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, iOld, 0);
-  }
-
-  /* Delete the index and table entries. Skip this step if pTab is really
-  ** a view (in which case the only effect of the DELETE statement is to
-  ** fire the INSTEAD OF triggers).  */ 
-  if( pTab->pSelect==0 ){
-    sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iCur, (count?OPFLAG_NCHANGE:0));
-    if( count ){
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, pTab->zName, P4_STATIC);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Do any ON CASCADE, SET NULL or SET DEFAULT operations required to
-  ** handle rows (possibly in other tables) that refer via a foreign key
-  ** to the row just deleted. */ 
-  sqlite3FkActions(pParse, pTab, 0, iOld);
-
-  /* Invoke AFTER DELETE trigger programs. */
-  sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, 
-      TK_DELETE, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, iOld, onconf, iLabel
-  );
-
-  /* Jump here if the row had already been deleted before any BEFORE
-  ** trigger programs were invoked. Or if a trigger program throws a 
-  ** RAISE(IGNORE) exception.  */
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iLabel);
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine generates VDBE code that causes the deletion of all
-** index entries associated with a single row of a single table.
-**
-** The VDBE must be in a particular state when this routine is called.
-** These are the requirements:
-**
-**   1.  A read/write cursor pointing to pTab, the table containing the row
-**       to be deleted, must be opened as cursor number "iCur".
-**
-**   2.  Read/write cursors for all indices of pTab must be open as
-**       cursor number iCur+i for the i-th index.
-**
-**   3.  The "iCur" cursor must be pointing to the row that is to be
-**       deleted.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(
-  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing and code generating context */
-  Table *pTab,       /* Table containing the row to be deleted */
-  int iCur,          /* Cursor number for the table */
-  int *aRegIdx       /* Only delete if aRegIdx!=0 && aRegIdx[i]>0 */
-){
-  int i;
-  Index *pIdx;
-  int r1;
-
-  for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; i++, pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-    if( aRegIdx!=0 && aRegIdx[i-1]==0 ) continue;
-    r1 = sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, iCur, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(pParse->pVdbe, OP_IdxDelete, iCur+i, r1,pIdx->nColumn+1);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will assemble an index key and put it in register
-** regOut.  The key with be for index pIdx which is an index on pTab.
-** iCur is the index of a cursor open on the pTab table and pointing to
-** the entry that needs indexing.
-**
-** Return a register number which is the first in a block of
-** registers that holds the elements of the index key.  The
-** block of registers has already been deallocated by the time
-** this routine returns.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(
-  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
-  Index *pIdx,       /* The index for which to generate a key */
-  int iCur,          /* Cursor number for the pIdx->pTable table */
-  int regOut,        /* Write the new index key to this register */
-  int doMakeRec      /* Run the OP_MakeRecord instruction if true */
-){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int j;
-  Table *pTab = pIdx->pTable;
-  int regBase;
-  int nCol;
-
-  nCol = pIdx->nColumn;
-  regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol+1);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, regBase+nCol);
-  for(j=0; j<nCol; j++){
-    int idx = pIdx->aiColumn[j];
-    if( idx==pTab->iPKey ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regBase+nCol, regBase+j);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, idx, regBase+j);
-      sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, idx, -1);
-    }
-  }
-  if( doMakeRec ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase, nCol+1, regOut);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(v, pIdx), 0);
-  }
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regBase, nCol+1);
-  return regBase;
-}
-
-/************** End of delete.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file func.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2002 February 23
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the C functions that implement various SQL
-** functions of SQLite.  
-**
-** There is only one exported symbol in this file - the function
-** sqliteRegisterBuildinFunctions() found at the bottom of the file.
-** All other code has file scope.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Return the collating function associated with a function.
-*/
-static CollSeq *sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq(sqlite3_context *context){
-  return context->pColl;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the non-aggregate min() and max() functions
-*/
-static void minmaxFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  int i;
-  int mask;    /* 0 for min() or 0xffffffff for max() */
-  int iBest;
-  CollSeq *pColl;
-
-  assert( argc>1 );
-  mask = sqlite3_user_data(context)==0 ? 0 : -1;
-  pColl = sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq(context);
-  assert( pColl );
-  assert( mask==-1 || mask==0 );
-  iBest = 0;
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
-  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
-    if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[i])==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
-    if( (sqlite3MemCompare(argv[iBest], argv[i], pColl)^mask)>=0 ){
-      testcase( mask==0 );
-      iBest = i;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[iBest]);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the type of the argument.
-*/
-static void typeofFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const char *z = 0;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  switch( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]) ){
-    case SQLITE_INTEGER: z = "integer"; break;
-    case SQLITE_TEXT:    z = "text";    break;
-    case SQLITE_FLOAT:   z = "real";    break;
-    case SQLITE_BLOB:    z = "blob";    break;
-    default:             z = "null";    break;
-  }
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, z, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the length() function
-*/
-static void lengthFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  int len;
-
-  assert( argc==1 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  switch( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]) ){
-    case SQLITE_BLOB:
-    case SQLITE_INTEGER:
-    case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
-      sqlite3_result_int(context, sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]));
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_TEXT: {
-      const unsigned char *z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-      if( z==0 ) return;
-      len = 0;
-      while( *z ){
-        len++;
-        SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(z);
-      }
-      sqlite3_result_int(context, len);
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      sqlite3_result_null(context);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the abs() function.
-**
-** IMP: R-23979-26855 The abs(X) function returns the absolute value of
-** the numeric argument X. 
-*/
-static void absFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
-  assert( argc==1 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  switch( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]) ){
-    case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
-      i64 iVal = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]);
-      if( iVal<0 ){
-        if( (iVal<<1)==0 ){
-          /* IMP: R-35460-15084 If X is the integer -9223372036854775807 then
-          ** abs(X) throws an integer overflow error since there is no
-          ** equivalent positive 64-bit two complement value. */
-          sqlite3_result_error(context, "integer overflow", -1);
-          return;
-        }
-        iVal = -iVal;
-      } 
-      sqlite3_result_int64(context, iVal);
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_NULL: {
-      /* IMP: R-37434-19929 Abs(X) returns NULL if X is NULL. */
-      sqlite3_result_null(context);
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      /* Because sqlite3_value_double() returns 0.0 if the argument is not
-      ** something that can be converted into a number, we have:
-      ** IMP: R-57326-31541 Abs(X) return 0.0 if X is a string or blob that
-      ** cannot be converted to a numeric value. 
-      */
-      double rVal = sqlite3_value_double(argv[0]);
-      if( rVal<0 ) rVal = -rVal;
-      sqlite3_result_double(context, rVal);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the substr() function.
-**
-** substr(x,p1,p2)  returns p2 characters of x[] beginning with p1.
-** p1 is 1-indexed.  So substr(x,1,1) returns the first character
-** of x.  If x is text, then we actually count UTF-8 characters.
-** If x is a blob, then we count bytes.
-**
-** If p1 is negative, then we begin abs(p1) from the end of x[].
-**
-** If p2 is negative, return the p2 characters preceeding p1.
-*/
-static void substrFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const unsigned char *z;
-  const unsigned char *z2;
-  int len;
-  int p0type;
-  i64 p1, p2;
-  int negP2 = 0;
-
-  assert( argc==3 || argc==2 );
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[1])==SQLITE_NULL
-   || (argc==3 && sqlite3_value_type(argv[2])==SQLITE_NULL)
-  ){
-    return;
-  }
-  p0type = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]);
-  p1 = sqlite3_value_int(argv[1]);
-  if( p0type==SQLITE_BLOB ){
-    len = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-    z = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
-    if( z==0 ) return;
-    assert( len==sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]) );
-  }else{
-    z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-    if( z==0 ) return;
-    len = 0;
-    if( p1<0 ){
-      for(z2=z; *z2; len++){
-        SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(z2);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if( argc==3 ){
-    p2 = sqlite3_value_int(argv[2]);
-    if( p2<0 ){
-      p2 = -p2;
-      negP2 = 1;
-    }
-  }else{
-    p2 = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context)->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH];
-  }
-  if( p1<0 ){
-    p1 += len;
-    if( p1<0 ){
-      p2 += p1;
-      if( p2<0 ) p2 = 0;
-      p1 = 0;
-    }
-  }else if( p1>0 ){
-    p1--;
-  }else if( p2>0 ){
-    p2--;
-  }
-  if( negP2 ){
-    p1 -= p2;
-    if( p1<0 ){
-      p2 += p1;
-      p1 = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  assert( p1>=0 && p2>=0 );
-  if( p0type!=SQLITE_BLOB ){
-    while( *z && p1 ){
-      SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(z);
-      p1--;
-    }
-    for(z2=z; *z2 && p2; p2--){
-      SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(z2);
-    }
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, (char*)z, (int)(z2-z), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  }else{
-    if( p1+p2>len ){
-      p2 = len-p1;
-      if( p2<0 ) p2 = 0;
-    }
-    sqlite3_result_blob(context, (char*)&z[p1], (int)p2, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the round() function
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-static void roundFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
-  int n = 0;
-  double r;
-  char *zBuf;
-  assert( argc==1 || argc==2 );
-  if( argc==2 ){
-    if( SQLITE_NULL==sqlite3_value_type(argv[1]) ) return;
-    n = sqlite3_value_int(argv[1]);
-    if( n>30 ) n = 30;
-    if( n<0 ) n = 0;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
-  r = sqlite3_value_double(argv[0]);
-  /* If Y==0 and X will fit in a 64-bit int,
-  ** handle the rounding directly,
-  ** otherwise use printf.
-  */
-  if( n==0 && r>=0 && r<LARGEST_INT64-1 ){
-    r = (double)((sqlite_int64)(r+0.5));
-  }else if( n==0 && r<0 && (-r)<LARGEST_INT64-1 ){
-    r = -(double)((sqlite_int64)((-r)+0.5));
-  }else{
-    zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*f",n,r);
-    if( zBuf==0 ){
-      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-      return;
-    }
-    sqlite3AtoF(zBuf, &r);
-    sqlite3_free(zBuf);
-  }
-  sqlite3_result_double(context, r);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Allocate nByte bytes of space using sqlite3_malloc(). If the
-** allocation fails, call sqlite3_result_error_nomem() to notify
-** the database handle that malloc() has failed and return NULL.
-** If nByte is larger than the maximum string or blob length, then
-** raise an SQLITE_TOOBIG exception and return NULL.
-*/
-static void *contextMalloc(sqlite3_context *context, i64 nByte){
-  char *z;
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  assert( nByte>0 );
-  testcase( nByte==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] );
-  testcase( nByte==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]+1 );
-  if( nByte>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
-    z = 0;
-  }else{
-    z = sqlite3Malloc((int)nByte);
-    if( !z ){
-      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-    }
-  }
-  return z;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the upper() and lower() SQL functions.
-*/
-static void upperFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
-  char *z1;
-  const char *z2;
-  int i, n;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  z2 = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-  /* Verify that the call to _bytes() does not invalidate the _text() pointer */
-  assert( z2==(char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]) );
-  if( z2 ){
-    z1 = contextMalloc(context, ((i64)n)+1);
-    if( z1 ){
-      memcpy(z1, z2, n+1);
-      for(i=0; z1[i]; i++){
-        z1[i] = (char)sqlite3Toupper(z1[i]);
-      }
-      sqlite3_result_text(context, z1, -1, sqlite3_free);
-    }
-  }
-}
-static void lowerFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
-  u8 *z1;
-  const char *z2;
-  int i, n;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  z2 = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-  /* Verify that the call to _bytes() does not invalidate the _text() pointer */
-  assert( z2==(char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]) );
-  if( z2 ){
-    z1 = contextMalloc(context, ((i64)n)+1);
-    if( z1 ){
-      memcpy(z1, z2, n+1);
-      for(i=0; z1[i]; i++){
-        z1[i] = sqlite3Tolower(z1[i]);
-      }
-      sqlite3_result_text(context, (char *)z1, -1, sqlite3_free);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-
-#if 0  /* This function is never used. */
-/*
-** The COALESCE() and IFNULL() functions used to be implemented as shown
-** here.  But now they are implemented as VDBE code so that unused arguments
-** do not have to be computed.  This legacy implementation is retained as
-** comment.
-*/
-/*
-** Implementation of the IFNULL(), NVL(), and COALESCE() functions.  
-** All three do the same thing.  They return the first non-NULL
-** argument.
-*/
-static void ifnullFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
-    if( SQLITE_NULL!=sqlite3_value_type(argv[i]) ){
-      sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[i]);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-}
-#endif /* NOT USED */
-#define ifnullFunc versionFunc   /* Substitute function - never called */
-
-/*
-** Implementation of random().  Return a random integer.  
-*/
-static void randomFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
-){
-  sqlite_int64 r;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(r), &r);
-  if( r<0 ){
-    /* We need to prevent a random number of 0x8000000000000000 
-    ** (or -9223372036854775808) since when you do abs() of that
-    ** number of you get the same value back again.  To do this
-    ** in a way that is testable, mask the sign bit off of negative
-    ** values, resulting in a positive value.  Then take the 
-    ** 2s complement of that positive value.  The end result can
-    ** therefore be no less than -9223372036854775807.
-    */
-    r = -(r ^ (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<63));
-  }
-  sqlite3_result_int64(context, r);
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of randomblob(N).  Return a random blob
-** that is N bytes long.
-*/
-static void randomBlob(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  int n;
-  unsigned char *p;
-  assert( argc==1 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  n = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
-  if( n<1 ){
-    n = 1;
-  }
-  p = contextMalloc(context, n);
-  if( p ){
-    sqlite3_randomness(n, p);
-    sqlite3_result_blob(context, (char*)p, n, sqlite3_free);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the last_insert_rowid() SQL function.  The return
-** value is the same as the sqlite3_last_insert_rowid() API function.
-*/
-static void last_insert_rowid(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  int NotUsed, 
-  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  /* IMP: R-51513-12026 The last_insert_rowid() SQL function is a
-  ** wrapper around the sqlite3_last_insert_rowid() C/C++ interface
-  ** function. */
-  sqlite3_result_int64(context, sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(db));
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the changes() SQL function.
-**
-** IMP: R-62073-11209 The changes() SQL function is a wrapper
-** around the sqlite3_changes() C/C++ function and hence follows the same
-** rules for counting changes.
-*/
-static void changes(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  sqlite3_result_int(context, sqlite3_changes(db));
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the total_changes() SQL function.  The return value is
-** the same as the sqlite3_total_changes() API function.
-*/
-static void total_changes(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  /* IMP: R-52756-41993 This function is a wrapper around the
-  ** sqlite3_total_changes() C/C++ interface. */
-  sqlite3_result_int(context, sqlite3_total_changes(db));
-}
-
-/*
-** A structure defining how to do GLOB-style comparisons.
-*/
-struct compareInfo {
-  u8 matchAll;
-  u8 matchOne;
-  u8 matchSet;
-  u8 noCase;
-};
-
-/*
-** For LIKE and GLOB matching on EBCDIC machines, assume that every
-** character is exactly one byte in size.  Also, all characters are
-** able to participate in upper-case-to-lower-case mappings in EBCDIC
-** whereas only characters less than 0x80 do in ASCII.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_EBCDIC)
-# define sqlite3Utf8Read(A,C)    (*(A++))
-# define GlogUpperToLower(A)     A = sqlite3UpperToLower[A]
-#else
-# define GlogUpperToLower(A)     if( A<0x80 ){ A = sqlite3UpperToLower[A]; }
-#endif
-
-static const struct compareInfo globInfo = { '*', '?', '[', 0 };
-/* The correct SQL-92 behavior is for the LIKE operator to ignore
-** case.  Thus  'a' LIKE 'A' would be true. */
-static const struct compareInfo likeInfoNorm = { '%', '_',   0, 1 };
-/* If SQLITE_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE is defined, then the LIKE operator
-** is case sensitive causing 'a' LIKE 'A' to be false */
-static const struct compareInfo likeInfoAlt = { '%', '_',   0, 0 };
-
-/*
-** Compare two UTF-8 strings for equality where the first string can
-** potentially be a "glob" expression.  Return true (1) if they
-** are the same and false (0) if they are different.
-**
-** Globbing rules:
-**
-**      '*'       Matches any sequence of zero or more characters.
-**
-**      '?'       Matches exactly one character.
-**
-**     [...]      Matches one character from the enclosed list of
-**                characters.
-**
-**     [^...]     Matches one character not in the enclosed list.
-**
-** With the [...] and [^...] matching, a ']' character can be included
-** in the list by making it the first character after '[' or '^'.  A
-** range of characters can be specified using '-'.  Example:
-** "[a-z]" matches any single lower-case letter.  To match a '-', make
-** it the last character in the list.
-**
-** This routine is usually quick, but can be N**2 in the worst case.
-**
-** Hints: to match '*' or '?', put them in "[]".  Like this:
-**
-**         abc[*]xyz        Matches "abc*xyz" only
-*/
-static int patternCompare(
-  const u8 *zPattern,              /* The glob pattern */
-  const u8 *zString,               /* The string to compare against the glob */
-  const struct compareInfo *pInfo, /* Information about how to do the compare */
-  const int esc                    /* The escape character */
-){
-  int c, c2;
-  int invert;
-  int seen;
-  u8 matchOne = pInfo->matchOne;
-  u8 matchAll = pInfo->matchAll;
-  u8 matchSet = pInfo->matchSet;
-  u8 noCase = pInfo->noCase; 
-  int prevEscape = 0;     /* True if the previous character was 'escape' */
-
-  while( (c = sqlite3Utf8Read(zPattern,&zPattern))!=0 ){
-    if( !prevEscape && c==matchAll ){
-      while( (c=sqlite3Utf8Read(zPattern,&zPattern)) == matchAll
-               || c == matchOne ){
-        if( c==matchOne && sqlite3Utf8Read(zString, &zString)==0 ){
-          return 0;
-        }
-      }
-      if( c==0 ){
-        return 1;
-      }else if( c==esc ){
-        c = sqlite3Utf8Read(zPattern, &zPattern);
-        if( c==0 ){
-          return 0;
-        }
-      }else if( c==matchSet ){
-        assert( esc==0 );         /* This is GLOB, not LIKE */
-        assert( matchSet<0x80 );  /* '[' is a single-byte character */
-        while( *zString && patternCompare(&zPattern[-1],zString,pInfo,esc)==0 ){
-          SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zString);
-        }
-        return *zString!=0;
-      }
-      while( (c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read(zString,&zString))!=0 ){
-        if( noCase ){
-          GlogUpperToLower(c2);
-          GlogUpperToLower(c);
-          while( c2 != 0 && c2 != c ){
-            c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read(zString, &zString);
-            GlogUpperToLower(c2);
-          }
-        }else{
-          while( c2 != 0 && c2 != c ){
-            c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read(zString, &zString);
-          }
-        }
-        if( c2==0 ) return 0;
-        if( patternCompare(zPattern,zString,pInfo,esc) ) return 1;
-      }
-      return 0;
-    }else if( !prevEscape && c==matchOne ){
-      if( sqlite3Utf8Read(zString, &zString)==0 ){
-        return 0;
-      }
-    }else if( c==matchSet ){
-      int prior_c = 0;
-      assert( esc==0 );    /* This only occurs for GLOB, not LIKE */
-      seen = 0;
-      invert = 0;
-      c = sqlite3Utf8Read(zString, &zString);
-      if( c==0 ) return 0;
-      c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read(zPattern, &zPattern);
-      if( c2=='^' ){
-        invert = 1;
-        c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read(zPattern, &zPattern);
-      }
-      if( c2==']' ){
-        if( c==']' ) seen = 1;
-        c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read(zPattern, &zPattern);
-      }
-      while( c2 && c2!=']' ){
-        if( c2=='-' && zPattern[0]!=']' && zPattern[0]!=0 && prior_c>0 ){
-          c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read(zPattern, &zPattern);
-          if( c>=prior_c && c<=c2 ) seen = 1;
-          prior_c = 0;
-        }else{
-          if( c==c2 ){
-            seen = 1;
-          }
-          prior_c = c2;
-        }
-        c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read(zPattern, &zPattern);
-      }
-      if( c2==0 || (seen ^ invert)==0 ){
-        return 0;
-      }
-    }else if( esc==c && !prevEscape ){
-      prevEscape = 1;
-    }else{
-      c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read(zString, &zString);
-      if( noCase ){
-        GlogUpperToLower(c);
-        GlogUpperToLower(c2);
-      }
-      if( c!=c2 ){
-        return 0;
-      }
-      prevEscape = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  return *zString==0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Count the number of times that the LIKE operator (or GLOB which is
-** just a variation of LIKE) gets called.  This is used for testing
-** only.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_like_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the like() SQL function.  This function implements
-** the build-in LIKE operator.  The first argument to the function is the
-** pattern and the second argument is the string.  So, the SQL statements:
-**
-**       A LIKE B
-**
-** is implemented as like(B,A).
-**
-** This same function (with a different compareInfo structure) computes
-** the GLOB operator.
-*/
-static void likeFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  int argc, 
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const unsigned char *zA, *zB;
-  int escape = 0;
-  int nPat;
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-
-  zB = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  zA = sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-
-  /* Limit the length of the LIKE or GLOB pattern to avoid problems
-  ** of deep recursion and N*N behavior in patternCompare().
-  */
-  nPat = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-  testcase( nPat==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH] );
-  testcase( nPat==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]+1 );
-  if( nPat > db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH] ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(context, "LIKE or GLOB pattern too complex", -1);
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( zB==sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]) );  /* Encoding did not change */
-
-  if( argc==3 ){
-    /* The escape character string must consist of a single UTF-8 character.
-    ** Otherwise, return an error.
-    */
-    const unsigned char *zEsc = sqlite3_value_text(argv[2]);
-    if( zEsc==0 ) return;
-    if( sqlite3Utf8CharLen((char*)zEsc, -1)!=1 ){
-      sqlite3_result_error(context, 
-          "ESCAPE expression must be a single character", -1);
-      return;
-    }
-    escape = sqlite3Utf8Read(zEsc, &zEsc);
-  }
-  if( zA && zB ){
-    struct compareInfo *pInfo = sqlite3_user_data(context);
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-    sqlite3_like_count++;
-#endif
-    
-    sqlite3_result_int(context, patternCompare(zB, zA, pInfo, escape));
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the NULLIF(x,y) function.  The result is the first
-** argument if the arguments are different.  The result is NULL if the
-** arguments are equal to each other.
-*/
-static void nullifFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq(context);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  if( sqlite3MemCompare(argv[0], argv[1], pColl)!=0 ){
-    sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[0]);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite_version() function.  The result is the version
-** of the SQLite library that is running.
-*/
-static void versionFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
-){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  /* IMP: R-48699-48617 This function is an SQL wrapper around the
-  ** sqlite3_libversion() C-interface. */
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, sqlite3_libversion(), -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite_source_id() function. The result is a string
-** that identifies the particular version of the source code used to build
-** SQLite.
-*/
-static void sourceidFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int NotUsed,
-  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
-){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  /* IMP: R-24470-31136 This function is an SQL wrapper around the
-  ** sqlite3_sourceid() C interface. */
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, sqlite3_sourceid(), -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite_compileoption_used() function.
-** The result is an integer that identifies if the compiler option
-** was used to build SQLite.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-static void compileoptionusedFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const char *zOptName;
-  assert( argc==1 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  /* IMP: R-xxxx This function is an SQL wrapper around the
-  ** sqlite3_compileoption_used() C interface. */
-  if( (zOptName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]))!=0 ){
-    sqlite3_result_int(context, sqlite3_compileoption_used(zOptName));
-  }
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the sqlite_compileoption_get() function. 
-** The result is a string that identifies the compiler options 
-** used to build SQLite.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-static void compileoptiongetFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  int n;
-  assert( argc==1 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  /* IMP: R-xxxx This function is an SQL wrapper around the
-  ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() C interface. */
-  n = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, sqlite3_compileoption_get(n), -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-
-/* Array for converting from half-bytes (nybbles) into ASCII hex
-** digits. */
-static const char hexdigits[] = {
-  '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
-  '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' 
-};
-
-/*
-** EXPERIMENTAL - This is not an official function.  The interface may
-** change.  This function may disappear.  Do not write code that depends
-** on this function.
-**
-** Implementation of the QUOTE() function.  This function takes a single
-** argument.  If the argument is numeric, the return value is the same as
-** the argument.  If the argument is NULL, the return value is the string
-** "NULL".  Otherwise, the argument is enclosed in single quotes with
-** single-quote escapes.
-*/
-static void quoteFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
-  assert( argc==1 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  switch( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]) ){
-    case SQLITE_INTEGER:
-    case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
-      sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[0]);
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_BLOB: {
-      char *zText = 0;
-      char const *zBlob = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
-      int nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-      assert( zBlob==sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]) ); /* No encoding change */
-      zText = (char *)contextMalloc(context, (2*(i64)nBlob)+4); 
-      if( zText ){
-        int i;
-        for(i=0; i<nBlob; i++){
-          zText[(i*2)+2] = hexdigits[(zBlob[i]>>4)&0x0F];
-          zText[(i*2)+3] = hexdigits[(zBlob[i])&0x0F];
-        }
-        zText[(nBlob*2)+2] = '\'';
-        zText[(nBlob*2)+3] = '\0';
-        zText[0] = 'X';
-        zText[1] = '\'';
-        sqlite3_result_text(context, zText, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-        sqlite3_free(zText);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_TEXT: {
-      int i,j;
-      u64 n;
-      const unsigned char *zArg = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-      char *z;
-
-      if( zArg==0 ) return;
-      for(i=0, n=0; zArg[i]; i++){ if( zArg[i]=='\'' ) n++; }
-      z = contextMalloc(context, ((i64)i)+((i64)n)+3);
-      if( z ){
-        z[0] = '\'';
-        for(i=0, j=1; zArg[i]; i++){
-          z[j++] = zArg[i];
-          if( zArg[i]=='\'' ){
-            z[j++] = '\'';
-          }
-        }
-        z[j++] = '\'';
-        z[j] = 0;
-        sqlite3_result_text(context, z, j, sqlite3_free);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      assert( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL );
-      sqlite3_result_text(context, "NULL", 4, SQLITE_STATIC);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The hex() function.  Interpret the argument as a blob.  Return
-** a hexadecimal rendering as text.
-*/
-static void hexFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  int i, n;
-  const unsigned char *pBlob;
-  char *zHex, *z;
-  assert( argc==1 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  pBlob = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
-  n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-  assert( pBlob==sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]) );  /* No encoding change */
-  z = zHex = contextMalloc(context, ((i64)n)*2 + 1);
-  if( zHex ){
-    for(i=0; i<n; i++, pBlob++){
-      unsigned char c = *pBlob;
-      *(z++) = hexdigits[(c>>4)&0xf];
-      *(z++) = hexdigits[c&0xf];
-    }
-    *z = 0;
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, zHex, n*2, sqlite3_free);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The zeroblob(N) function returns a zero-filled blob of size N bytes.
-*/
-static void zeroblobFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  i64 n;
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  assert( argc==1 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  n = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]);
-  testcase( n==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] );
-  testcase( n==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]+1 );
-  if( n>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_result_zeroblob(context, (int)n); /* IMP: R-00293-64994 */
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The replace() function.  Three arguments are all strings: call
-** them A, B, and C. The result is also a string which is derived
-** from A by replacing every occurance of B with C.  The match
-** must be exact.  Collating sequences are not used.
-*/
-static void replaceFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const unsigned char *zStr;        /* The input string A */
-  const unsigned char *zPattern;    /* The pattern string B */
-  const unsigned char *zRep;        /* The replacement string C */
-  unsigned char *zOut;              /* The output */
-  int nStr;                /* Size of zStr */
-  int nPattern;            /* Size of zPattern */
-  int nRep;                /* Size of zRep */
-  i64 nOut;                /* Maximum size of zOut */
-  int loopLimit;           /* Last zStr[] that might match zPattern[] */
-  int i, j;                /* Loop counters */
-
-  assert( argc==3 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  zStr = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  if( zStr==0 ) return;
-  nStr = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-  assert( zStr==sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]) );  /* No encoding change */
-  zPattern = sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-  if( zPattern==0 ){
-    assert( sqlite3_value_type(argv[1])==SQLITE_NULL
-            || sqlite3_context_db_handle(context)->mallocFailed );
-    return;
-  }
-  if( zPattern[0]==0 ){
-    assert( sqlite3_value_type(argv[1])!=SQLITE_NULL );
-    sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[0]);
-    return;
-  }
-  nPattern = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
-  assert( zPattern==sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]) );  /* No encoding change */
-  zRep = sqlite3_value_text(argv[2]);
-  if( zRep==0 ) return;
-  nRep = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[2]);
-  assert( zRep==sqlite3_value_text(argv[2]) );
-  nOut = nStr + 1;
-  assert( nOut<SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH );
-  zOut = contextMalloc(context, (i64)nOut);
-  if( zOut==0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-  loopLimit = nStr - nPattern;  
-  for(i=j=0; i<=loopLimit; i++){
-    if( zStr[i]!=zPattern[0] || memcmp(&zStr[i], zPattern, nPattern) ){
-      zOut[j++] = zStr[i];
-    }else{
-      u8 *zOld;
-      sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-      nOut += nRep - nPattern;
-      testcase( nOut-1==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] );
-      testcase( nOut-2==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] );
-      if( nOut-1>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-        sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, zOut);
-        return;
-      }
-      zOld = zOut;
-      zOut = sqlite3_realloc(zOut, (int)nOut);
-      if( zOut==0 ){
-        sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, zOld);
-        return;
-      }
-      memcpy(&zOut[j], zRep, nRep);
-      j += nRep;
-      i += nPattern-1;
-    }
-  }
-  assert( j+nStr-i+1==nOut );
-  memcpy(&zOut[j], &zStr[i], nStr-i);
-  j += nStr - i;
-  assert( j<=nOut );
-  zOut[j] = 0;
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, (char*)zOut, j, sqlite3_free);
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the TRIM(), LTRIM(), and RTRIM() functions.
-** The userdata is 0x1 for left trim, 0x2 for right trim, 0x3 for both.
-*/
-static void trimFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const unsigned char *zIn;         /* Input string */
-  const unsigned char *zCharSet;    /* Set of characters to trim */
-  int nIn;                          /* Number of bytes in input */
-  int flags;                        /* 1: trimleft  2: trimright  3: trim */
-  int i;                            /* Loop counter */
-  unsigned char *aLen = 0;          /* Length of each character in zCharSet */
-  unsigned char **azChar = 0;       /* Individual characters in zCharSet */
-  int nChar;                        /* Number of characters in zCharSet */
-
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ){
-    return;
-  }
-  zIn = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  if( zIn==0 ) return;
-  nIn = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-  assert( zIn==sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]) );
-  if( argc==1 ){
-    static const unsigned char lenOne[] = { 1 };
-    static unsigned char * const azOne[] = { (u8*)" " };
-    nChar = 1;
-    aLen = (u8*)lenOne;
-    azChar = (unsigned char **)azOne;
-    zCharSet = 0;
-  }else if( (zCharSet = sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]))==0 ){
-    return;
-  }else{
-    const unsigned char *z;
-    for(z=zCharSet, nChar=0; *z; nChar++){
-      SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(z);
-    }
-    if( nChar>0 ){
-      azChar = contextMalloc(context, ((i64)nChar)*(sizeof(char*)+1));
-      if( azChar==0 ){
-        return;
-      }
-      aLen = (unsigned char*)&azChar[nChar];
-      for(z=zCharSet, nChar=0; *z; nChar++){
-        azChar[nChar] = (unsigned char *)z;
-        SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(z);
-        aLen[nChar] = (u8)(z - azChar[nChar]);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if( nChar>0 ){
-    flags = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(context));
-    if( flags & 1 ){
-      while( nIn>0 ){
-        int len = 0;
-        for(i=0; i<nChar; i++){
-          len = aLen[i];
-          if( len<=nIn && memcmp(zIn, azChar[i], len)==0 ) break;
-        }
-        if( i>=nChar ) break;
-        zIn += len;
-        nIn -= len;
-      }
-    }
-    if( flags & 2 ){
-      while( nIn>0 ){
-        int len = 0;
-        for(i=0; i<nChar; i++){
-          len = aLen[i];
-          if( len<=nIn && memcmp(&zIn[nIn-len],azChar[i],len)==0 ) break;
-        }
-        if( i>=nChar ) break;
-        nIn -= len;
-      }
-    }
-    if( zCharSet ){
-      sqlite3_free(azChar);
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, (char*)zIn, nIn, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-}
-
-
-/* IMP: R-25361-16150 This function is omitted from SQLite by default. It
-** is only available if the SQLITE_SOUNDEX compile-time option is used
-** when SQLite is built.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_SOUNDEX
-/*
-** Compute the soundex encoding of a word.
-**
-** IMP: R-59782-00072 The soundex(X) function returns a string that is the
-** soundex encoding of the string X. 
-*/
-static void soundexFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  char zResult[8];
-  const u8 *zIn;
-  int i, j;
-  static const unsigned char iCode[] = {
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 0,
-    1, 2, 6, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 0,
-    1, 2, 6, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  };
-  assert( argc==1 );
-  zIn = (u8*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  if( zIn==0 ) zIn = (u8*)"";
-  for(i=0; zIn[i] && !sqlite3Isalpha(zIn[i]); i++){}
-  if( zIn[i] ){
-    u8 prevcode = iCode[zIn[i]&0x7f];
-    zResult[0] = sqlite3Toupper(zIn[i]);
-    for(j=1; j<4 && zIn[i]; i++){
-      int code = iCode[zIn[i]&0x7f];
-      if( code>0 ){
-        if( code!=prevcode ){
-          prevcode = code;
-          zResult[j++] = code + '0';
-        }
-      }else{
-        prevcode = 0;
-      }
-    }
-    while( j<4 ){
-      zResult[j++] = '0';
-    }
-    zResult[j] = 0;
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, zResult, 4, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  }else{
-    /* IMP: R-64894-50321 The string "?000" is returned if the argument
-    ** is NULL or contains no ASCII alphabetic characters. */
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, "?000", 4, SQLITE_STATIC);
-  }
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_SOUNDEX */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-/*
-** A function that loads a shared-library extension then returns NULL.
-*/
-static void loadExt(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
-  const char *zFile = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  const char *zProc;
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-  char *zErrMsg = 0;
-
-  if( argc==2 ){
-    zProc = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-  }else{
-    zProc = 0;
-  }
-  if( zFile && sqlite3_load_extension(db, zFile, zProc, &zErrMsg) ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(context, zErrMsg, -1);
-    sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure holds the context of a
-** sum() or avg() aggregate computation.
-*/
-typedef struct SumCtx SumCtx;
-struct SumCtx {
-  double rSum;      /* Floating point sum */
-  i64 iSum;         /* Integer sum */   
-  i64 cnt;          /* Number of elements summed */
-  u8 overflow;      /* True if integer overflow seen */
-  u8 approx;        /* True if non-integer value was input to the sum */
-};
-
-/*
-** Routines used to compute the sum, average, and total.
-**
-** The SUM() function follows the (broken) SQL standard which means
-** that it returns NULL if it sums over no inputs.  TOTAL returns
-** 0.0 in that case.  In addition, TOTAL always returns a float where
-** SUM might return an integer if it never encounters a floating point
-** value.  TOTAL never fails, but SUM might through an exception if
-** it overflows an integer.
-*/
-static void sumStep(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
-  SumCtx *p;
-  int type;
-  assert( argc==1 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  p = sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, sizeof(*p));
-  type = sqlite3_value_numeric_type(argv[0]);
-  if( p && type!=SQLITE_NULL ){
-    p->cnt++;
-    if( type==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
-      i64 v = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]);
-      p->rSum += v;
-      if( (p->approx|p->overflow)==0 ){
-        i64 iNewSum = p->iSum + v;
-        int s1 = (int)(p->iSum >> (sizeof(i64)*8-1));
-        int s2 = (int)(v       >> (sizeof(i64)*8-1));
-        int s3 = (int)(iNewSum >> (sizeof(i64)*8-1));
-        p->overflow = ((s1&s2&~s3) | (~s1&~s2&s3))?1:0;
-        p->iSum = iNewSum;
-      }
-    }else{
-      p->rSum += sqlite3_value_double(argv[0]);
-      p->approx = 1;
-    }
-  }
-}
-static void sumFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
-  SumCtx *p;
-  p = sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, 0);
-  if( p && p->cnt>0 ){
-    if( p->overflow ){
-      sqlite3_result_error(context,"integer overflow",-1);
-    }else if( p->approx ){
-      sqlite3_result_double(context, p->rSum);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3_result_int64(context, p->iSum);
-    }
-  }
-}
-static void avgFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
-  SumCtx *p;
-  p = sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, 0);
-  if( p && p->cnt>0 ){
-    sqlite3_result_double(context, p->rSum/(double)p->cnt);
-  }
-}
-static void totalFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
-  SumCtx *p;
-  p = sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, 0);
-  /* (double)0 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
-  sqlite3_result_double(context, p ? p->rSum : (double)0);
-}
-
-/*
-** The following structure keeps track of state information for the
-** count() aggregate function.
-*/
-typedef struct CountCtx CountCtx;
-struct CountCtx {
-  i64 n;
-};
-
-/*
-** Routines to implement the count() aggregate function.
-*/
-static void countStep(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
-  CountCtx *p;
-  p = sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, sizeof(*p));
-  if( (argc==0 || SQLITE_NULL!=sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])) && p ){
-    p->n++;
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-  /* The sqlite3_aggregate_count() function is deprecated.  But just to make
-  ** sure it still operates correctly, verify that its count agrees with our 
-  ** internal count when using count(*) and when the total count can be
-  ** expressed as a 32-bit integer. */
-  assert( argc==1 || p==0 || p->n>0x7fffffff
-          || p->n==sqlite3_aggregate_count(context) );
-#endif
-}   
-static void countFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
-  CountCtx *p;
-  p = sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, 0);
-  sqlite3_result_int64(context, p ? p->n : 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Routines to implement min() and max() aggregate functions.
-*/
-static void minmaxStep(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  int NotUsed, 
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  Mem *pArg  = (Mem *)argv[0];
-  Mem *pBest;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
-  pBest = (Mem *)sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, sizeof(*pBest));
-  if( !pBest ) return;
-
-  if( pBest->flags ){
-    int max;
-    int cmp;
-    CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq(context);
-    /* This step function is used for both the min() and max() aggregates,
-    ** the only difference between the two being that the sense of the
-    ** comparison is inverted. For the max() aggregate, the
-    ** sqlite3_user_data() function returns (void *)-1. For min() it
-    ** returns (void *)db, where db is the sqlite3* database pointer.
-    ** Therefore the next statement sets variable 'max' to 1 for the max()
-    ** aggregate, or 0 for min().
-    */
-    max = sqlite3_user_data(context)!=0;
-    cmp = sqlite3MemCompare(pBest, pArg, pColl);
-    if( (max && cmp<0) || (!max && cmp>0) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(pBest, pArg);
-    }
-  }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(pBest, pArg);
-  }
-}
-static void minMaxFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
-  sqlite3_value *pRes;
-  pRes = (sqlite3_value *)sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, 0);
-  if( pRes ){
-    if( ALWAYS(pRes->flags) ){
-      sqlite3_result_value(context, pRes);
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pRes);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** group_concat(EXPR, ?SEPARATOR?)
-*/
-static void groupConcatStep(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const char *zVal;
-  StrAccum *pAccum;
-  const char *zSep;
-  int nVal, nSep;
-  assert( argc==1 || argc==2 );
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
-  pAccum = (StrAccum*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, sizeof(*pAccum));
-
-  if( pAccum ){
-    sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-    int firstTerm = pAccum->useMalloc==0;
-    pAccum->useMalloc = 1;
-    pAccum->mxAlloc = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH];
-    if( !firstTerm ){
-      if( argc==2 ){
-        zSep = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-        nSep = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
-      }else{
-        zSep = ",";
-        nSep = 1;
-      }
-      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, zSep, nSep);
-    }
-    zVal = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-    nVal = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, zVal, nVal);
-  }
-}
-static void groupConcatFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
-  StrAccum *pAccum;
-  pAccum = sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, 0);
-  if( pAccum ){
-    if( pAccum->tooBig ){
-      sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
-    }else if( pAccum->mallocFailed ){
-      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-    }else{    
-      sqlite3_result_text(context, sqlite3StrAccumFinish(pAccum), -1, 
-                          sqlite3_free);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function registered all of the above C functions as SQL
-** functions.  This should be the only routine in this file with
-** external linkage.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3 *db){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
-  sqlite3AlterFunctions(db);
-#endif
-  if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-    int rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "MATCH", 2);
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_OK );
-    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the LIKEOPT flag on the 2-argument function with the given name.
-*/
-static void setLikeOptFlag(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, u8 flagVal){
-  FuncDef *pDef;
-  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zName, sqlite3Strlen30(zName),
-                             2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
-  if( ALWAYS(pDef) ){
-    pDef->flags = flagVal;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Register the built-in LIKE and GLOB functions.  The caseSensitive
-** parameter determines whether or not the LIKE operator is case
-** sensitive.  GLOB is always case sensitive.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3 *db, int caseSensitive){
-  struct compareInfo *pInfo;
-  if( caseSensitive ){
-    pInfo = (struct compareInfo*)&likeInfoAlt;
-  }else{
-    pInfo = (struct compareInfo*)&likeInfoNorm;
-  }
-  sqlite3CreateFunc(db, "like", 2, SQLITE_ANY, pInfo, likeFunc, 0, 0);
-  sqlite3CreateFunc(db, "like", 3, SQLITE_ANY, pInfo, likeFunc, 0, 0);
-  sqlite3CreateFunc(db, "glob", 2, SQLITE_ANY, 
-      (struct compareInfo*)&globInfo, likeFunc, 0,0);
-  setLikeOptFlag(db, "glob", SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE | SQLITE_FUNC_CASE);
-  setLikeOptFlag(db, "like", 
-      caseSensitive ? (SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE | SQLITE_FUNC_CASE) : SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE);
-}
-
-/*
-** pExpr points to an expression which implements a function.  If
-** it is appropriate to apply the LIKE optimization to that function
-** then set aWc[0] through aWc[2] to the wildcard characters and
-** return TRUE.  If the function is not a LIKE-style function then
-** return FALSE.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pExpr, int *pIsNocase, char *aWc){
-  FuncDef *pDef;
-  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION 
-   || !pExpr->x.pList 
-   || pExpr->x.pList->nExpr!=2
-  ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, pExpr->u.zToken, 
-                             sqlite3Strlen30(pExpr->u.zToken),
-                             2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
-  if( NEVER(pDef==0) || (pDef->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE)==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  /* The memcpy() statement assumes that the wildcard characters are
-  ** the first three statements in the compareInfo structure.  The
-  ** asserts() that follow verify that assumption
-  */
-  memcpy(aWc, pDef->pUserData, 3);
-  assert( (char*)&likeInfoAlt == (char*)&likeInfoAlt.matchAll );
-  assert( &((char*)&likeInfoAlt)[1] == (char*)&likeInfoAlt.matchOne );
-  assert( &((char*)&likeInfoAlt)[2] == (char*)&likeInfoAlt.matchSet );
-  *pIsNocase = (pDef->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_CASE)==0;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** All all of the FuncDef structures in the aBuiltinFunc[] array above
-** to the global function hash table.  This occurs at start-time (as
-** a consequence of calling sqlite3_initialize()).
-**
-** After this routine runs
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterGlobalFunctions(void){
-  /*
-  ** The following array holds FuncDef structures for all of the functions
-  ** defined in this file.
-  **
-  ** The array cannot be constant since changes are made to the
-  ** FuncDef.pHash elements at start-time.  The elements of this array
-  ** are read-only after initialization is complete.
-  */
-  static SQLITE_WSD FuncDef aBuiltinFunc[] = {
-    FUNCTION(ltrim,              1, 1, 0, trimFunc         ),
-    FUNCTION(ltrim,              2, 1, 0, trimFunc         ),
-    FUNCTION(rtrim,              1, 2, 0, trimFunc         ),
-    FUNCTION(rtrim,              2, 2, 0, trimFunc         ),
-    FUNCTION(trim,               1, 3, 0, trimFunc         ),
-    FUNCTION(trim,               2, 3, 0, trimFunc         ),
-    FUNCTION(min,               -1, 0, 1, minmaxFunc       ),
-    FUNCTION(min,                0, 0, 1, 0                ),
-    AGGREGATE(min,               1, 0, 1, minmaxStep,      minMaxFinalize ),
-    FUNCTION(max,               -1, 1, 1, minmaxFunc       ),
-    FUNCTION(max,                0, 1, 1, 0                ),
-    AGGREGATE(max,               1, 1, 1, minmaxStep,      minMaxFinalize ),
-    FUNCTION(typeof,             1, 0, 0, typeofFunc       ),
-    FUNCTION(length,             1, 0, 0, lengthFunc       ),
-    FUNCTION(substr,             2, 0, 0, substrFunc       ),
-    FUNCTION(substr,             3, 0, 0, substrFunc       ),
-    FUNCTION(abs,                1, 0, 0, absFunc          ),
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-    FUNCTION(round,              1, 0, 0, roundFunc        ),
-    FUNCTION(round,              2, 0, 0, roundFunc        ),
-#endif
-    FUNCTION(upper,              1, 0, 0, upperFunc        ),
-    FUNCTION(lower,              1, 0, 0, lowerFunc        ),
-    FUNCTION(coalesce,           1, 0, 0, 0                ),
-    FUNCTION(coalesce,           0, 0, 0, 0                ),
-/*  FUNCTION(coalesce,          -1, 0, 0, ifnullFunc       ), */
-    {-1,SQLITE_UTF8,SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE,0,0,ifnullFunc,0,0,"coalesce",0},
-    FUNCTION(hex,                1, 0, 0, hexFunc          ),
-/*  FUNCTION(ifnull,             2, 0, 0, ifnullFunc       ), */
-    {2,SQLITE_UTF8,SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE,0,0,ifnullFunc,0,0,"ifnull",0},
-    FUNCTION(random,             0, 0, 0, randomFunc       ),
-    FUNCTION(randomblob,         1, 0, 0, randomBlob       ),
-    FUNCTION(nullif,             2, 0, 1, nullifFunc       ),
-    FUNCTION(sqlite_version,     0, 0, 0, versionFunc      ),
-    FUNCTION(sqlite_source_id,   0, 0, 0, sourceidFunc     ),
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-    FUNCTION(sqlite_compileoption_used,1, 0, 0, compileoptionusedFunc  ),
-    FUNCTION(sqlite_compileoption_get, 1, 0, 0, compileoptiongetFunc  ),
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-    FUNCTION(quote,              1, 0, 0, quoteFunc        ),
-    FUNCTION(last_insert_rowid,  0, 0, 0, last_insert_rowid),
-    FUNCTION(changes,            0, 0, 0, changes          ),
-    FUNCTION(total_changes,      0, 0, 0, total_changes    ),
-    FUNCTION(replace,            3, 0, 0, replaceFunc      ),
-    FUNCTION(zeroblob,           1, 0, 0, zeroblobFunc     ),
-  #ifdef SQLITE_SOUNDEX
-    FUNCTION(soundex,            1, 0, 0, soundexFunc      ),
-  #endif
-  #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-    FUNCTION(load_extension,     1, 0, 0, loadExt          ),
-    FUNCTION(load_extension,     2, 0, 0, loadExt          ),
-  #endif
-    AGGREGATE(sum,               1, 0, 0, sumStep,         sumFinalize    ),
-    AGGREGATE(total,             1, 0, 0, sumStep,         totalFinalize    ),
-    AGGREGATE(avg,               1, 0, 0, sumStep,         avgFinalize    ),
- /* AGGREGATE(count,             0, 0, 0, countStep,       countFinalize  ), */
-    {0,SQLITE_UTF8,SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT,0,0,0,countStep,countFinalize,"count",0},
-    AGGREGATE(count,             1, 0, 0, countStep,       countFinalize  ),
-    AGGREGATE(group_concat,      1, 0, 0, groupConcatStep, groupConcatFinalize),
-    AGGREGATE(group_concat,      2, 0, 0, groupConcatStep, groupConcatFinalize),
-  
-    LIKEFUNC(glob, 2, &globInfo, SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE|SQLITE_FUNC_CASE),
-  #ifdef SQLITE_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE
-    LIKEFUNC(like, 2, &likeInfoAlt, SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE|SQLITE_FUNC_CASE),
-    LIKEFUNC(like, 3, &likeInfoAlt, SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE|SQLITE_FUNC_CASE),
-  #else
-    LIKEFUNC(like, 2, &likeInfoNorm, SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE),
-    LIKEFUNC(like, 3, &likeInfoNorm, SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE),
-  #endif
-  };
-
-  int i;
-  FuncDefHash *pHash = &GLOBAL(FuncDefHash, sqlite3GlobalFunctions);
-  FuncDef *aFunc = (FuncDef*)&GLOBAL(FuncDef, aBuiltinFunc);
-
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aBuiltinFunc); i++){
-    sqlite3FuncDefInsert(pHash, &aFunc[i]);
-  }
-  sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions();
-}
-
-/************** End of func.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file fkey.c ********************************************/
-/*
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code used by the compiler to add foreign key
-** support to compiled SQL statements.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-
-/*
-** Deferred and Immediate FKs
-** --------------------------
-**
-** Foreign keys in SQLite come in two flavours: deferred and immediate.
-** If an immediate foreign key constraint is violated, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
-** is returned and the current statement transaction rolled back. If a 
-** deferred foreign key constraint is violated, no action is taken 
-** immediately. However if the application attempts to commit the 
-** transaction before fixing the constraint violation, the attempt fails.
-**
-** Deferred constraints are implemented using a simple counter associated
-** with the database handle. The counter is set to zero each time a 
-** database transaction is opened. Each time a statement is executed 
-** that causes a foreign key violation, the counter is incremented. Each
-** time a statement is executed that removes an existing violation from
-** the database, the counter is decremented. When the transaction is
-** committed, the commit fails if the current value of the counter is
-** greater than zero. This scheme has two big drawbacks:
-**
-**   * When a commit fails due to a deferred foreign key constraint, 
-**     there is no way to tell which foreign constraint is not satisfied,
-**     or which row it is not satisfied for.
-**
-**   * If the database contains foreign key violations when the 
-**     transaction is opened, this may cause the mechanism to malfunction.
-**
-** Despite these problems, this approach is adopted as it seems simpler
-** than the alternatives.
-**
-** INSERT operations:
-**
-**   I.1) For each FK for which the table is the child table, search
-**        the parent table for a match. If none is found increment the
-**        constraint counter.
-**
-**   I.2) For each FK for which the table is the parent table, 
-**        search the child table for rows that correspond to the new
-**        row in the parent table. Decrement the counter for each row
-**        found (as the constraint is now satisfied).
-**
-** DELETE operations:
-**
-**   D.1) For each FK for which the table is the child table, 
-**        search the parent table for a row that corresponds to the 
-**        deleted row in the child table. If such a row is not found, 
-**        decrement the counter.
-**
-**   D.2) For each FK for which the table is the parent table, search 
-**        the child table for rows that correspond to the deleted row 
-**        in the parent table. For each found increment the counter.
-**
-** UPDATE operations:
-**
-**   An UPDATE command requires that all 4 steps above are taken, but only
-**   for FK constraints for which the affected columns are actually 
-**   modified (values must be compared at runtime).
-**
-** Note that I.1 and D.1 are very similar operations, as are I.2 and D.2.
-** This simplifies the implementation a bit.
-**
-** For the purposes of immediate FK constraints, the OR REPLACE conflict
-** resolution is considered to delete rows before the new row is inserted.
-** If a delete caused by OR REPLACE violates an FK constraint, an exception
-** is thrown, even if the FK constraint would be satisfied after the new 
-** row is inserted.
-**
-** Immediate constraints are usually handled similarly. The only difference 
-** is that the counter used is stored as part of each individual statement
-** object (struct Vdbe). If, after the statement has run, its immediate
-** constraint counter is greater than zero, it returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
-** and the statement transaction is rolled back. An exception is an INSERT
-** statement that inserts a single row only (no triggers). In this case,
-** instead of using a counter, an exception is thrown immediately if the
-** INSERT violates a foreign key constraint. This is necessary as such
-** an INSERT does not open a statement transaction.
-**
-** TODO: How should dropping a table be handled? How should renaming a 
-** table be handled?
-**
-**
-** Query API Notes
-** ---------------
-**
-** Before coding an UPDATE or DELETE row operation, the code-generator
-** for those two operations needs to know whether or not the operation
-** requires any FK processing and, if so, which columns of the original
-** row are required by the FK processing VDBE code (i.e. if FKs were
-** implemented using triggers, which of the old.* columns would be 
-** accessed). No information is required by the code-generator before
-** coding an INSERT operation. The functions used by the UPDATE/DELETE
-** generation code to query for this information are:
-**
-**   sqlite3FkRequired() - Test to see if FK processing is required.
-**   sqlite3FkOldmask()  - Query for the set of required old.* columns.
-**
-**
-** Externally accessible module functions
-** --------------------------------------
-**
-**   sqlite3FkCheck()    - Check for foreign key violations.
-**   sqlite3FkActions()  - Code triggers for ON UPDATE/ON DELETE actions.
-**   sqlite3FkDelete()   - Delete an FKey structure.
-*/
-
-/*
-** VDBE Calling Convention
-** -----------------------
-**
-** Example:
-**
-**   For the following INSERT statement:
-**
-**     CREATE TABLE t1(a, b INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, c);
-**     INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, 3.1);
-**
-**   Register (x):        2    (type integer)
-**   Register (x+1):      1    (type integer)
-**   Register (x+2):      NULL (type NULL)
-**   Register (x+3):      3.1  (type real)
-*/
-
-/*
-** A foreign key constraint requires that the key columns in the parent
-** table are collectively subject to a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint.
-** Given that pParent is the parent table for foreign key constraint pFKey, 
-** search the schema a unique index on the parent key columns. 
-**
-** If successful, zero is returned. If the parent key is an INTEGER PRIMARY 
-** KEY column, then output variable *ppIdx is set to NULL. Otherwise, *ppIdx 
-** is set to point to the unique index. 
-** 
-** If the parent key consists of a single column (the foreign key constraint
-** is not a composite foreign key), output variable *paiCol is set to NULL.
-** Otherwise, it is set to point to an allocated array of size N, where
-** N is the number of columns in the parent key. The first element of the
-** array is the index of the child table column that is mapped by the FK
-** constraint to the parent table column stored in the left-most column
-** of index *ppIdx. The second element of the array is the index of the
-** child table column that corresponds to the second left-most column of
-** *ppIdx, and so on.
-**
-** If the required index cannot be found, either because:
-**
-**   1) The named parent key columns do not exist, or
-**
-**   2) The named parent key columns do exist, but are not subject to a
-**      UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint, or
-**
-**   3) No parent key columns were provided explicitly as part of the
-**      foreign key definition, and the parent table does not have a
-**      PRIMARY KEY, or
-**
-**   4) No parent key columns were provided explicitly as part of the
-**      foreign key definition, and the PRIMARY KEY of the parent table 
-**      consists of a a different number of columns to the child key in 
-**      the child table.
-**
-** then non-zero is returned, and a "foreign key mismatch" error loaded
-** into pParse. If an OOM error occurs, non-zero is returned and the
-** pParse->db->mallocFailed flag is set.
-*/
-static int locateFkeyIndex(
-  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context to store any error in */
-  Table *pParent,                 /* Parent table of FK constraint pFKey */
-  FKey *pFKey,                    /* Foreign key to find index for */
-  Index **ppIdx,                  /* OUT: Unique index on parent table */
-  int **paiCol                    /* OUT: Map of index columns in pFKey */
-){
-  Index *pIdx = 0;                    /* Value to return via *ppIdx */
-  int *aiCol = 0;                     /* Value to return via *paiCol */
-  int nCol = pFKey->nCol;             /* Number of columns in parent key */
-  char *zKey = pFKey->aCol[0].zCol;   /* Name of left-most parent key column */
-
-  /* The caller is responsible for zeroing output parameters. */
-  assert( ppIdx && *ppIdx==0 );
-  assert( !paiCol || *paiCol==0 );
-  assert( pParse );
-
-  /* If this is a non-composite (single column) foreign key, check if it 
-  ** maps to the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY of table pParent. If so, leave *ppIdx 
-  ** and *paiCol set to zero and return early. 
-  **
-  ** Otherwise, for a composite foreign key (more than one column), allocate
-  ** space for the aiCol array (returned via output parameter *paiCol).
-  ** Non-composite foreign keys do not require the aiCol array.
-  */
-  if( nCol==1 ){
-    /* The FK maps to the IPK if any of the following are true:
-    **
-    **   1) There is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column and the FK is implicitly 
-    **      mapped to the primary key of table pParent, or
-    **   2) The FK is explicitly mapped to a column declared as INTEGER
-    **      PRIMARY KEY.
-    */
-    if( pParent->iPKey>=0 ){
-      if( !zKey ) return 0;
-      if( !sqlite3StrICmp(pParent->aCol[pParent->iPKey].zName, zKey) ) return 0;
-    }
-  }else if( paiCol ){
-    assert( nCol>1 );
-    aiCol = (int *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pParse->db, nCol*sizeof(int));
-    if( !aiCol ) return 1;
-    *paiCol = aiCol;
-  }
-
-  for(pIdx=pParent->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-    if( pIdx->nColumn==nCol && pIdx->onError!=OE_None ){ 
-      /* pIdx is a UNIQUE index (or a PRIMARY KEY) and has the right number
-      ** of columns. If each indexed column corresponds to a foreign key
-      ** column of pFKey, then this index is a winner.  */
-
-      if( zKey==0 ){
-        /* If zKey is NULL, then this foreign key is implicitly mapped to 
-        ** the PRIMARY KEY of table pParent. The PRIMARY KEY index may be 
-        ** identified by the test (Index.autoIndex==2).  */
-        if( pIdx->autoIndex==2 ){
-          if( aiCol ){
-            int i;
-            for(i=0; i<nCol; i++) aiCol[i] = pFKey->aCol[i].iFrom;
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-      }else{
-        /* If zKey is non-NULL, then this foreign key was declared to
-        ** map to an explicit list of columns in table pParent. Check if this
-        ** index matches those columns. Also, check that the index uses
-        ** the default collation sequences for each column. */
-        int i, j;
-        for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-          int iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[i];     /* Index of column in parent tbl */
-          char *zDfltColl;                  /* Def. collation for column */
-          char *zIdxCol;                    /* Name of indexed column */
-
-          /* If the index uses a collation sequence that is different from
-          ** the default collation sequence for the column, this index is
-          ** unusable. Bail out early in this case.  */
-          zDfltColl = pParent->aCol[iCol].zColl;
-          if( !zDfltColl ){
-            zDfltColl = "BINARY";
-          }
-          if( sqlite3StrICmp(pIdx->azColl[i], zDfltColl) ) break;
-
-          zIdxCol = pParent->aCol[iCol].zName;
-          for(j=0; j<nCol; j++){
-            if( sqlite3StrICmp(pFKey->aCol[j].zCol, zIdxCol)==0 ){
-              if( aiCol ) aiCol[i] = pFKey->aCol[j].iFrom;
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-          if( j==nCol ) break;
-        }
-        if( i==nCol ) break;      /* pIdx is usable */
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( !pIdx ){
-    if( !pParse->disableTriggers ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "foreign key mismatch");
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, aiCol);
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  *ppIdx = pIdx;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called when a row is inserted into or deleted from the 
-** child table of foreign key constraint pFKey. If an SQL UPDATE is executed 
-** on the child table of pFKey, this function is invoked twice for each row
-** affected - once to "delete" the old row, and then again to "insert" the
-** new row.
-**
-** Each time it is called, this function generates VDBE code to locate the
-** row in the parent table that corresponds to the row being inserted into 
-** or deleted from the child table. If the parent row can be found, no 
-** special action is taken. Otherwise, if the parent row can *not* be
-** found in the parent table:
-**
-**   Operation | FK type   | Action taken
-**   --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-**   INSERT      immediate   Increment the "immediate constraint counter".
-**
-**   DELETE      immediate   Decrement the "immediate constraint counter".
-**
-**   INSERT      deferred    Increment the "deferred constraint counter".
-**
-**   DELETE      deferred    Decrement the "deferred constraint counter".
-**
-** These operations are identified in the comment at the top of this file 
-** (fkey.c) as "I.1" and "D.1".
-*/
-static void fkLookupParent(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parse context */
-  int iDb,              /* Index of database housing pTab */
-  Table *pTab,          /* Parent table of FK pFKey */
-  Index *pIdx,          /* Unique index on parent key columns in pTab */
-  FKey *pFKey,          /* Foreign key constraint */
-  int *aiCol,           /* Map from parent key columns to child table columns */
-  int regData,          /* Address of array containing child table row */
-  int nIncr,            /* Increment constraint counter by this */
-  int isIgnore          /* If true, pretend pTab contains all NULL values */
-){
-  int i;                                    /* Iterator variable */
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);         /* Vdbe to add code to */
-  int iCur = pParse->nTab - 1;              /* Cursor number to use */
-  int iOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);        /* jump here if parent key found */
-
-  /* If nIncr is less than zero, then check at runtime if there are any
-  ** outstanding constraints to resolve. If there are not, there is no need
-  ** to check if deleting this row resolves any outstanding violations.
-  **
-  ** Check if any of the key columns in the child table row are NULL. If 
-  ** any are, then the constraint is considered satisfied. No need to 
-  ** search for a matching row in the parent table.  */
-  if( nIncr<0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkIfZero, pFKey->isDeferred, iOk);
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<pFKey->nCol; i++){
-    int iReg = aiCol[i] + regData + 1;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, iReg, iOk);
-  }
-
-  if( isIgnore==0 ){
-    if( pIdx==0 ){
-      /* If pIdx is NULL, then the parent key is the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
-      ** column of the parent table (table pTab).  */
-      int iMustBeInt;               /* Address of MustBeInt instruction */
-      int regTemp = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  
-      /* Invoke MustBeInt to coerce the child key value to an integer (i.e. 
-      ** apply the affinity of the parent key). If this fails, then there
-      ** is no matching parent key. Before using MustBeInt, make a copy of
-      ** the value. Otherwise, the value inserted into the child key column
-      ** will have INTEGER affinity applied to it, which may not be correct.  */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, aiCol[0]+1+regData, regTemp);
-      iMustBeInt = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, regTemp, 0);
-  
-      /* If the parent table is the same as the child table, and we are about
-      ** to increment the constraint-counter (i.e. this is an INSERT operation),
-      ** then check if the row being inserted matches itself. If so, do not
-      ** increment the constraint-counter.  */
-      if( pTab==pFKey->pFrom && nIncr==1 ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regData, iOk, regTemp);
-      }
-  
-      sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iCur, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, 0, regTemp);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iOk);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-2);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iMustBeInt);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regTemp);
-    }else{
-      int nCol = pFKey->nCol;
-      int regTemp = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
-      int regRec = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      KeyInfo *pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
-  
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenRead, iCur, pIdx->tnum, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-      for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, aiCol[i]+1+regData, regTemp+i);
-      }
-  
-      /* If the parent table is the same as the child table, and we are about
-      ** to increment the constraint-counter (i.e. this is an INSERT operation),
-      ** then check if the row being inserted matches itself. If so, do not
-      ** increment the constraint-counter.  */
-      if( pTab==pFKey->pFrom && nIncr==1 ){
-        int iJump = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + nCol + 1;
-        for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-          int iChild = aiCol[i]+1+regData;
-          int iParent = pIdx->aiColumn[i]+1+regData;
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, iChild, iJump, iParent);
-        }
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iOk);
-      }
-  
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTemp, nCol, regRec);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(v, pIdx), 0);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iCur, iOk, regRec, 0);
-  
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRec);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regTemp, nCol);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( !pFKey->isDeferred && !pParse->pToplevel && !pParse->isMultiWrite ){
-    /* Special case: If this is an INSERT statement that will insert exactly
-    ** one row into the table, raise a constraint immediately instead of
-    ** incrementing a counter. This is necessary as the VM code is being
-    ** generated for will not open a statement transaction.  */
-    assert( nIncr==1 );
-    sqlite3HaltConstraint(
-        pParse, OE_Abort, "foreign key constraint failed", P4_STATIC
-    );
-  }else{
-    if( nIncr>0 && pFKey->isDeferred==0 ){
-      sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse)->mayAbort = 1;
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkCounter, pFKey->isDeferred, nIncr);
-  }
-
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iOk);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCur);
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called to generate code executed when a row is deleted
-** from the parent table of foreign key constraint pFKey and, if pFKey is 
-** deferred, when a row is inserted into the same table. When generating
-** code for an SQL UPDATE operation, this function may be called twice -
-** once to "delete" the old row and once to "insert" the new row.
-**
-** The code generated by this function scans through the rows in the child
-** table that correspond to the parent table row being deleted or inserted.
-** For each child row found, one of the following actions is taken:
-**
-**   Operation | FK type   | Action taken
-**   --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-**   DELETE      immediate   Increment the "immediate constraint counter".
-**                           Or, if the ON (UPDATE|DELETE) action is RESTRICT,
-**                           throw a "foreign key constraint failed" exception.
-**
-**   INSERT      immediate   Decrement the "immediate constraint counter".
-**
-**   DELETE      deferred    Increment the "deferred constraint counter".
-**                           Or, if the ON (UPDATE|DELETE) action is RESTRICT,
-**                           throw a "foreign key constraint failed" exception.
-**
-**   INSERT      deferred    Decrement the "deferred constraint counter".
-**
-** These operations are identified in the comment at the top of this file 
-** (fkey.c) as "I.2" and "D.2".
-*/
-static void fkScanChildren(
-  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
-  SrcList *pSrc,                  /* SrcList containing the table to scan */
-  Table *pTab,
-  Index *pIdx,                    /* Foreign key index */
-  FKey *pFKey,                    /* Foreign key relationship */
-  int *aiCol,                     /* Map from pIdx cols to child table cols */
-  int regData,                    /* Referenced table data starts here */
-  int nIncr                       /* Amount to increment deferred counter by */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;       /* Database handle */
-  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-  Expr *pWhere = 0;               /* WHERE clause to scan with */
-  NameContext sNameContext;       /* Context used to resolve WHERE clause */
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo;              /* Context used by sqlite3WhereXXX() */
-  int iFkIfZero = 0;              /* Address of OP_FkIfZero */
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-
-  assert( !pIdx || pIdx->pTable==pTab );
-
-  if( nIncr<0 ){
-    iFkIfZero = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkIfZero, pFKey->isDeferred, 0);
-  }
-
-  /* Create an Expr object representing an SQL expression like:
-  **
-  **   <parent-key1> = <child-key1> AND <parent-key2> = <child-key2> ...
-  **
-  ** The collation sequence used for the comparison should be that of
-  ** the parent key columns. The affinity of the parent key column should
-  ** be applied to each child key value before the comparison takes place.
-  */
-  for(i=0; i<pFKey->nCol; i++){
-    Expr *pLeft;                  /* Value from parent table row */
-    Expr *pRight;                 /* Column ref to child table */
-    Expr *pEq;                    /* Expression (pLeft = pRight) */
-    int iCol;                     /* Index of column in child table */ 
-    const char *zCol;             /* Name of column in child table */
-
-    pLeft = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_REGISTER, 0);
-    if( pLeft ){
-      /* Set the collation sequence and affinity of the LHS of each TK_EQ
-      ** expression to the parent key column defaults.  */
-      if( pIdx ){
-        Column *pCol;
-        iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
-        pCol = &pIdx->pTable->aCol[iCol];
-        pLeft->iTable = regData+iCol+1;
-        pLeft->affinity = pCol->affinity;
-        pLeft->pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, pCol->zColl);
-      }else{
-        pLeft->iTable = regData;
-        pLeft->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
-      }
-    }
-    iCol = aiCol ? aiCol[i] : pFKey->aCol[0].iFrom;
-    assert( iCol>=0 );
-    zCol = pFKey->pFrom->aCol[iCol].zName;
-    pRight = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, zCol);
-    pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pLeft, pRight, 0);
-    pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pEq);
-  }
-
-  /* If the child table is the same as the parent table, and this scan
-  ** is taking place as part of a DELETE operation (operation D.2), omit the
-  ** row being deleted from the scan by adding ($rowid != rowid) to the WHERE 
-  ** clause, where $rowid is the rowid of the row being deleted.  */
-  if( pTab==pFKey->pFrom && nIncr>0 ){
-    Expr *pEq;                    /* Expression (pLeft = pRight) */
-    Expr *pLeft;                  /* Value from parent table row */
-    Expr *pRight;                 /* Column ref to child table */
-    pLeft = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_REGISTER, 0);
-    pRight = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_COLUMN, 0);
-    if( pLeft && pRight ){
-      pLeft->iTable = regData;
-      pLeft->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
-      pRight->iTable = pSrc->a[0].iCursor;
-      pRight->iColumn = -1;
-    }
-    pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NE, pLeft, pRight, 0);
-    pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pEq);
-  }
-
-  /* Resolve the references in the WHERE clause. */
-  memset(&sNameContext, 0, sizeof(NameContext));
-  sNameContext.pSrcList = pSrc;
-  sNameContext.pParse = pParse;
-  sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNameContext, pWhere);
-
-  /* Create VDBE to loop through the entries in pSrc that match the WHERE
-  ** clause. If the constraint is not deferred, throw an exception for
-  ** each row found. Otherwise, for deferred constraints, increment the
-  ** deferred constraint counter by nIncr for each row selected.  */
-  pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pSrc, pWhere, 0, 0);
-  if( nIncr>0 && pFKey->isDeferred==0 ){
-    sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse)->mayAbort = 1;
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkCounter, pFKey->isDeferred, nIncr);
-  if( pWInfo ){
-    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
-  }
-
-  /* Clean up the WHERE clause constructed above. */
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
-  if( iFkIfZero ){
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iFkIfZero);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function returns a pointer to the head of a linked list of FK
-** constraints for which table pTab is the parent table. For example,
-** given the following schema:
-**
-**   CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY);
-**   CREATE TABLE t2(b REFERENCES t1(a);
-**
-** Calling this function with table "t1" as an argument returns a pointer
-** to the FKey structure representing the foreign key constraint on table
-** "t2". Calling this function with "t2" as the argument would return a
-** NULL pointer (as there are no FK constraints for which t2 is the parent
-** table).
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *pTab){
-  int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(pTab->zName);
-  return (FKey *)sqlite3HashFind(&pTab->pSchema->fkeyHash, pTab->zName, nName);
-}
-
-/*
-** The second argument is a Trigger structure allocated by the 
-** fkActionTrigger() routine. This function deletes the Trigger structure
-** and all of its sub-components.
-**
-** The Trigger structure or any of its sub-components may be allocated from
-** the lookaside buffer belonging to database handle dbMem.
-*/
-static void fkTriggerDelete(sqlite3 *dbMem, Trigger *p){
-  if( p ){
-    TriggerStep *pStep = p->step_list;
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(dbMem, pStep->pWhere);
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(dbMem, pStep->pExprList);
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(dbMem, pStep->pSelect);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(dbMem, p->pWhen);
-    sqlite3DbFree(dbMem, p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called to generate code that runs when table pTab is
-** being dropped from the database. The SrcList passed as the second argument
-** to this function contains a single entry guaranteed to resolve to
-** table pTab.
-**
-** Normally, no code is required. However, if either
-**
-**   (a) The table is the parent table of a FK constraint, or
-**   (b) The table is the child table of a deferred FK constraint and it is
-**       determined at runtime that there are outstanding deferred FK 
-**       constraint violations in the database,
-**
-** then the equivalent of "DELETE FROM <tbl>" is executed before dropping
-** the table from the database. Triggers are disabled while running this
-** DELETE, but foreign key actions are not.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, Table *pTab){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys) && !IsVirtual(pTab) && !pTab->pSelect ){
-    int iSkip = 0;
-    Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-
-    assert( v );                  /* VDBE has already been allocated */
-    if( sqlite3FkReferences(pTab)==0 ){
-      /* Search for a deferred foreign key constraint for which this table
-      ** is the child table. If one cannot be found, return without 
-      ** generating any VDBE code. If one can be found, then jump over
-      ** the entire DELETE if there are no outstanding deferred constraints
-      ** when this statement is run.  */
-      FKey *p;
-      for(p=pTab->pFKey; p; p=p->pNextFrom){
-        if( p->isDeferred ) break;
-      }
-      if( !p ) return;
-      iSkip = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkIfZero, 1, iSkip);
-    }
-
-    pParse->disableTriggers = 1;
-    sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, sqlite3SrcListDup(db, pName, 0), 0);
-    pParse->disableTriggers = 0;
-
-    /* If the DELETE has generated immediate foreign key constraint 
-    ** violations, halt the VDBE and return an error at this point, before
-    ** any modifications to the schema are made. This is because statement
-    ** transactions are not able to rollback schema changes.  */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkIfZero, 0, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
-    sqlite3HaltConstraint(
-        pParse, OE_Abort, "foreign key constraint failed", P4_STATIC
-    );
-
-    if( iSkip ){
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iSkip);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called when inserting, deleting or updating a row of
-** table pTab to generate VDBE code to perform foreign key constraint 
-** processing for the operation.
-**
-** For a DELETE operation, parameter regOld is passed the index of the
-** first register in an array of (pTab->nCol+1) registers containing the
-** rowid of the row being deleted, followed by each of the column values
-** of the row being deleted, from left to right. Parameter regNew is passed
-** zero in this case.
-**
-** For an INSERT operation, regOld is passed zero and regNew is passed the
-** first register of an array of (pTab->nCol+1) registers containing the new
-** row data.
-**
-** For an UPDATE operation, this function is called twice. Once before
-** the original record is deleted from the table using the calling convention
-** described for DELETE. Then again after the original record is deleted
-** but before the new record is inserted using the INSERT convention. 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkCheck(
-  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
-  Table *pTab,                    /* Row is being deleted from this table */ 
-  int regOld,                     /* Previous row data is stored here */
-  int regNew                      /* New row data is stored here */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;       /* Database handle */
-  Vdbe *v;                        /* VM to write code to */
-  FKey *pFKey;                    /* Used to iterate through FKs */
-  int iDb;                        /* Index of database containing pTab */
-  const char *zDb;                /* Name of database containing pTab */
-  int isIgnoreErrors = pParse->disableTriggers;
-
-  /* Exactly one of regOld and regNew should be non-zero. */
-  assert( (regOld==0)!=(regNew==0) );
-
-  /* If foreign-keys are disabled, this function is a no-op. */
-  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys)==0 ) return;
-
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-
-  /* Loop through all the foreign key constraints for which pTab is the
-  ** child table (the table that the foreign key definition is part of).  */
-  for(pFKey=pTab->pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
-    Table *pTo;                   /* Parent table of foreign key pFKey */
-    Index *pIdx = 0;              /* Index on key columns in pTo */
-    int *aiFree = 0;
-    int *aiCol;
-    int iCol;
-    int i;
-    int isIgnore = 0;
-
-    /* Find the parent table of this foreign key. Also find a unique index 
-    ** on the parent key columns in the parent table. If either of these 
-    ** schema items cannot be located, set an error in pParse and return 
-    ** early.  */
-    if( pParse->disableTriggers ){
-      pTo = sqlite3FindTable(db, pFKey->zTo, zDb);
-    }else{
-      pTo = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, pFKey->zTo, zDb);
-    }
-    if( !pTo || locateFkeyIndex(pParse, pTo, pFKey, &pIdx, &aiFree) ){
-      if( !isIgnoreErrors || db->mallocFailed ) return;
-      continue;
-    }
-    assert( pFKey->nCol==1 || (aiFree && pIdx) );
-
-    if( aiFree ){
-      aiCol = aiFree;
-    }else{
-      iCol = pFKey->aCol[0].iFrom;
-      aiCol = &iCol;
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<pFKey->nCol; i++){
-      if( aiCol[i]==pTab->iPKey ){
-        aiCol[i] = -1;
-      }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-      /* Request permission to read the parent key columns. If the 
-      ** authorization callback returns SQLITE_IGNORE, behave as if any
-      ** values read from the parent table are NULL. */
-      if( db->xAuth ){
-        int rcauth;
-        char *zCol = pTo->aCol[pIdx ? pIdx->aiColumn[i] : pTo->iPKey].zName;
-        rcauth = sqlite3AuthReadCol(pParse, pTo->zName, zCol, iDb);
-        isIgnore = (rcauth==SQLITE_IGNORE);
-      }
-#endif
-    }
-
-    /* Take a shared-cache advisory read-lock on the parent table. Allocate 
-    ** a cursor to use to search the unique index on the parent key columns 
-    ** in the parent table.  */
-    sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTo->tnum, 0, pTo->zName);
-    pParse->nTab++;
-
-    if( regOld!=0 ){
-      /* A row is being removed from the child table. Search for the parent.
-      ** If the parent does not exist, removing the child row resolves an 
-      ** outstanding foreign key constraint violation. */
-      fkLookupParent(pParse, iDb, pTo, pIdx, pFKey, aiCol, regOld, -1,isIgnore);
-    }
-    if( regNew!=0 ){
-      /* A row is being added to the child table. If a parent row cannot
-      ** be found, adding the child row has violated the FK constraint. */ 
-      fkLookupParent(pParse, iDb, pTo, pIdx, pFKey, aiCol, regNew, +1,isIgnore);
-    }
-
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, aiFree);
-  }
-
-  /* Loop through all the foreign key constraints that refer to this table */
-  for(pFKey = sqlite3FkReferences(pTab); pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextTo){
-    Index *pIdx = 0;              /* Foreign key index for pFKey */
-    SrcList *pSrc;
-    int *aiCol = 0;
-
-    if( !pFKey->isDeferred && !pParse->pToplevel && !pParse->isMultiWrite ){
-      assert( regOld==0 && regNew!=0 );
-      /* Inserting a single row into a parent table cannot cause an immediate
-      ** foreign key violation. So do nothing in this case.  */
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if( locateFkeyIndex(pParse, pTab, pFKey, &pIdx, &aiCol) ){
-      if( !isIgnoreErrors || db->mallocFailed ) return;
-      continue;
-    }
-    assert( aiCol || pFKey->nCol==1 );
-
-    /* Create a SrcList structure containing a single table (the table 
-    ** the foreign key that refers to this table is attached to). This
-    ** is required for the sqlite3WhereXXX() interface.  */
-    pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, 0, 0);
-    if( pSrc ){
-      struct SrcList_item *pItem = pSrc->a;
-      pItem->pTab = pFKey->pFrom;
-      pItem->zName = pFKey->pFrom->zName;
-      pItem->pTab->nRef++;
-      pItem->iCursor = pParse->nTab++;
-  
-      if( regNew!=0 ){
-        fkScanChildren(pParse, pSrc, pTab, pIdx, pFKey, aiCol, regNew, -1);
-      }
-      if( regOld!=0 ){
-        /* If there is a RESTRICT action configured for the current operation
-        ** on the parent table of this FK, then throw an exception 
-        ** immediately if the FK constraint is violated, even if this is a
-        ** deferred trigger. That's what RESTRICT means. To defer checking
-        ** the constraint, the FK should specify NO ACTION (represented
-        ** using OE_None). NO ACTION is the default.  */
-        fkScanChildren(pParse, pSrc, pTab, pIdx, pFKey, aiCol, regOld, 1);
-      }
-      pItem->zName = 0;
-      sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, aiCol);
-  }
-}
-
-#define COLUMN_MASK(x) (((x)>31) ? 0xffffffff : ((u32)1<<(x)))
-
-/*
-** This function is called before generating code to update or delete a 
-** row contained in table pTab.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(
-  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
-  Table *pTab                     /* Table being modified */
-){
-  u32 mask = 0;
-  if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
-    FKey *p;
-    int i;
-    for(p=pTab->pFKey; p; p=p->pNextFrom){
-      for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++) mask |= COLUMN_MASK(p->aCol[i].iFrom);
-    }
-    for(p=sqlite3FkReferences(pTab); p; p=p->pNextTo){
-      Index *pIdx = 0;
-      locateFkeyIndex(pParse, pTab, p, &pIdx, 0);
-      if( pIdx ){
-        for(i=0; i<pIdx->nColumn; i++) mask |= COLUMN_MASK(pIdx->aiColumn[i]);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return mask;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called before generating code to update or delete a 
-** row contained in table pTab. If the operation is a DELETE, then
-** parameter aChange is passed a NULL value. For an UPDATE, aChange points
-** to an array of size N, where N is the number of columns in table pTab.
-** If the i'th column is not modified by the UPDATE, then the corresponding 
-** entry in the aChange[] array is set to -1. If the column is modified,
-** the value is 0 or greater. Parameter chngRowid is set to true if the
-** UPDATE statement modifies the rowid fields of the table.
-**
-** If any foreign key processing will be required, this function returns
-** true. If there is no foreign key related processing, this function 
-** returns false.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FkRequired(
-  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
-  Table *pTab,                    /* Table being modified */
-  int *aChange,                   /* Non-NULL for UPDATE operations */
-  int chngRowid                   /* True for UPDATE that affects rowid */
-){
-  if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
-    if( !aChange ){
-      /* A DELETE operation. Foreign key processing is required if the 
-      ** table in question is either the child or parent table for any 
-      ** foreign key constraint.  */
-      return (sqlite3FkReferences(pTab) || pTab->pFKey);
-    }else{
-      /* This is an UPDATE. Foreign key processing is only required if the
-      ** operation modifies one or more child or parent key columns. */
-      int i;
-      FKey *p;
-
-      /* Check if any child key columns are being modified. */
-      for(p=pTab->pFKey; p; p=p->pNextFrom){
-        for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++){
-          int iChildKey = p->aCol[i].iFrom;
-          if( aChange[iChildKey]>=0 ) return 1;
-          if( iChildKey==pTab->iPKey && chngRowid ) return 1;
-        }
-      }
-
-      /* Check if any parent key columns are being modified. */
-      for(p=sqlite3FkReferences(pTab); p; p=p->pNextTo){
-        for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++){
-          char *zKey = p->aCol[i].zCol;
-          int iKey;
-          for(iKey=0; iKey<pTab->nCol; iKey++){
-            Column *pCol = &pTab->aCol[iKey];
-            if( (zKey ? !sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zKey) : pCol->isPrimKey) ){
-              if( aChange[iKey]>=0 ) return 1;
-              if( iKey==pTab->iPKey && chngRowid ) return 1;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called when an UPDATE or DELETE operation is being 
-** compiled on table pTab, which is the parent table of foreign-key pFKey.
-** If the current operation is an UPDATE, then the pChanges parameter is
-** passed a pointer to the list of columns being modified. If it is a
-** DELETE, pChanges is passed a NULL pointer.
-**
-** It returns a pointer to a Trigger structure containing a trigger
-** equivalent to the ON UPDATE or ON DELETE action specified by pFKey.
-** If the action is "NO ACTION" or "RESTRICT", then a NULL pointer is
-** returned (these actions require no special handling by the triggers
-** sub-system, code for them is created by fkScanChildren()).
-**
-** For example, if pFKey is the foreign key and pTab is table "p" in 
-** the following schema:
-**
-**   CREATE TABLE p(pk PRIMARY KEY);
-**   CREATE TABLE c(ck REFERENCES p ON DELETE CASCADE);
-**
-** then the returned trigger structure is equivalent to:
-**
-**   CREATE TRIGGER ... DELETE ON p BEGIN
-**     DELETE FROM c WHERE ck = old.pk;
-**   END;
-**
-** The returned pointer is cached as part of the foreign key object. It
-** is eventually freed along with the rest of the foreign key object by 
-** sqlite3FkDelete().
-*/
-static Trigger *fkActionTrigger(
-  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
-  Table *pTab,                    /* Table being updated or deleted from */
-  FKey *pFKey,                    /* Foreign key to get action for */
-  ExprList *pChanges              /* Change-list for UPDATE, NULL for DELETE */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;       /* Database handle */
-  int action;                     /* One of OE_None, OE_Cascade etc. */
-  Trigger *pTrigger;              /* Trigger definition to return */
-  int iAction = (pChanges!=0);    /* 1 for UPDATE, 0 for DELETE */
-
-  action = pFKey->aAction[iAction];
-  pTrigger = pFKey->apTrigger[iAction];
-
-  if( action!=OE_None && !pTrigger ){
-    u8 enableLookaside;           /* Copy of db->lookaside.bEnabled */
-    char const *zFrom;            /* Name of child table */
-    int nFrom;                    /* Length in bytes of zFrom */
-    Index *pIdx = 0;              /* Parent key index for this FK */
-    int *aiCol = 0;               /* child table cols -> parent key cols */
-    TriggerStep *pStep = 0;        /* First (only) step of trigger program */
-    Expr *pWhere = 0;             /* WHERE clause of trigger step */
-    ExprList *pList = 0;          /* Changes list if ON UPDATE CASCADE */
-    Select *pSelect = 0;          /* If RESTRICT, "SELECT RAISE(...)" */
-    int i;                        /* Iterator variable */
-    Expr *pWhen = 0;              /* WHEN clause for the trigger */
-
-    if( locateFkeyIndex(pParse, pTab, pFKey, &pIdx, &aiCol) ) return 0;
-    assert( aiCol || pFKey->nCol==1 );
-
-    for(i=0; i<pFKey->nCol; i++){
-      Token tOld = { "old", 3 };  /* Literal "old" token */
-      Token tNew = { "new", 3 };  /* Literal "new" token */
-      Token tFromCol;             /* Name of column in child table */
-      Token tToCol;               /* Name of column in parent table */
-      int iFromCol;               /* Idx of column in child table */
-      Expr *pEq;                  /* tFromCol = OLD.tToCol */
-
-      iFromCol = aiCol ? aiCol[i] : pFKey->aCol[0].iFrom;
-      assert( iFromCol>=0 );
-      tToCol.z = pIdx ? pTab->aCol[pIdx->aiColumn[i]].zName : "oid";
-      tFromCol.z = pFKey->pFrom->aCol[iFromCol].zName;
-
-      tToCol.n = sqlite3Strlen30(tToCol.z);
-      tFromCol.n = sqlite3Strlen30(tFromCol.z);
-
-      /* Create the expression "OLD.zToCol = zFromCol". It is important
-      ** that the "OLD.zToCol" term is on the LHS of the = operator, so
-      ** that the affinity and collation sequence associated with the
-      ** parent table are used for the comparison. */
-      pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ,
-          sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, 
-            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &tOld),
-            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &tToCol)
-          , 0),
-          sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &tFromCol)
-      , 0);
-      pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pEq);
-
-      /* For ON UPDATE, construct the next term of the WHEN clause.
-      ** The final WHEN clause will be like this:
-      **
-      **    WHEN NOT(old.col1 IS new.col1 AND ... AND old.colN IS new.colN)
-      */
-      if( pChanges ){
-        pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IS,
-            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, 
-              sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &tOld),
-              sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &tToCol),
-              0),
-            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, 
-              sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &tNew),
-              sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &tToCol),
-              0),
-            0);
-        pWhen = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhen, pEq);
-      }
-  
-      if( action!=OE_Restrict && (action!=OE_Cascade || pChanges) ){
-        Expr *pNew;
-        if( action==OE_Cascade ){
-          pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, 
-            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &tNew),
-            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &tToCol)
-          , 0);
-        }else if( action==OE_SetDflt ){
-          Expr *pDflt = pFKey->pFrom->aCol[iFromCol].pDflt;
-          if( pDflt ){
-            pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pDflt, 0);
-          }else{
-            pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NULL, 0, 0, 0);
-          }
-        }else{
-          pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NULL, 0, 0, 0);
-        }
-        pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pList, pNew);
-        sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, pList, &tFromCol, 0);
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, aiCol);
-
-    zFrom = pFKey->pFrom->zName;
-    nFrom = sqlite3Strlen30(zFrom);
-
-    if( action==OE_Restrict ){
-      Token tFrom;
-      Expr *pRaise; 
-
-      tFrom.z = zFrom;
-      tFrom.n = nFrom;
-      pRaise = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_RAISE, "foreign key constraint failed");
-      if( pRaise ){
-        pRaise->affinity = OE_Abort;
-      }
-      pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 
-          sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pRaise),
-          sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, &tFrom, 0),
-          pWhere,
-          0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
-      );
-      pWhere = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* In the current implementation, pTab->dbMem==0 for all tables except
-    ** for temporary tables used to describe subqueries.  And temporary
-    ** tables do not have foreign key constraints.  Hence, pTab->dbMem
-    ** should always be 0 there.
-    */
-    enableLookaside = db->lookaside.bEnabled;
-    db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
-
-    pTrigger = (Trigger *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 
-        sizeof(Trigger) +         /* struct Trigger */
-        sizeof(TriggerStep) +     /* Single step in trigger program */
-        nFrom + 1                 /* Space for pStep->target.z */
-    );
-    if( pTrigger ){
-      pStep = pTrigger->step_list = (TriggerStep *)&pTrigger[1];
-      pStep->target.z = (char *)&pStep[1];
-      pStep->target.n = nFrom;
-      memcpy((char *)pStep->target.z, zFrom, nFrom);
-  
-      pStep->pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-      pStep->pExprList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pList, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-      pStep->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-      if( pWhen ){
-        pWhen = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, pWhen, 0, 0);
-        pTrigger->pWhen = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhen, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Re-enable the lookaside buffer, if it was disabled earlier. */
-    db->lookaside.bEnabled = enableLookaside;
-
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhen);
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
-    if( db->mallocFailed==1 ){
-      fkTriggerDelete(db, pTrigger);
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    switch( action ){
-      case OE_Restrict:
-        pStep->op = TK_SELECT; 
-        break;
-      case OE_Cascade: 
-        if( !pChanges ){ 
-          pStep->op = TK_DELETE; 
-          break; 
-        }
-      default:
-        pStep->op = TK_UPDATE;
-    }
-    pStep->pTrig = pTrigger;
-    pTrigger->pSchema = pTab->pSchema;
-    pTrigger->pTabSchema = pTab->pSchema;
-    pFKey->apTrigger[iAction] = pTrigger;
-    pTrigger->op = (pChanges ? TK_UPDATE : TK_DELETE);
-  }
-
-  return pTrigger;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called when deleting or updating a row to implement
-** any required CASCADE, SET NULL or SET DEFAULT actions.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkActions(
-  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
-  Table *pTab,                    /* Table being updated or deleted from */
-  ExprList *pChanges,             /* Change-list for UPDATE, NULL for DELETE */
-  int regOld                      /* Address of array containing old row */
-){
-  /* If foreign-key support is enabled, iterate through all FKs that 
-  ** refer to table pTab. If there is an action associated with the FK 
-  ** for this operation (either update or delete), invoke the associated 
-  ** trigger sub-program.  */
-  if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
-    FKey *pFKey;                  /* Iterator variable */
-    for(pFKey = sqlite3FkReferences(pTab); pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextTo){
-      Trigger *pAction = fkActionTrigger(pParse, pTab, pFKey, pChanges);
-      if( pAction ){
-        sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(pParse, pAction, pTab, regOld, OE_Abort, 0);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */
-
-/*
-** Free all memory associated with foreign key definitions attached to
-** table pTab. Remove the deleted foreign keys from the Schema.fkeyHash
-** hash table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkDelete(Table *pTab){
-  FKey *pFKey;                    /* Iterator variable */
-  FKey *pNext;                    /* Copy of pFKey->pNextFrom */
-
-  for(pFKey=pTab->pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pNext){
-
-    /* Remove the FK from the fkeyHash hash table. */
-    if( pFKey->pPrevTo ){
-      pFKey->pPrevTo->pNextTo = pFKey->pNextTo;
-    }else{
-      void *data = (void *)pFKey->pNextTo;
-      const char *z = (data ? pFKey->pNextTo->zTo : pFKey->zTo);
-      sqlite3HashInsert(&pTab->pSchema->fkeyHash, z, sqlite3Strlen30(z), data);
-    }
-    if( pFKey->pNextTo ){
-      pFKey->pNextTo->pPrevTo = pFKey->pPrevTo;
-    }
-
-    /* Delete any triggers created to implement actions for this FK. */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-    fkTriggerDelete(pTab->dbMem, pFKey->apTrigger[0]);
-    fkTriggerDelete(pTab->dbMem, pFKey->apTrigger[1]);
-#endif
-
-    /* EV: R-30323-21917 Each foreign key constraint in SQLite is
-    ** classified as either immediate or deferred.
-    */
-    assert( pFKey->isDeferred==0 || pFKey->isDeferred==1 );
-
-    pNext = pFKey->pNextFrom;
-    sqlite3DbFree(pTab->dbMem, pFKey);
-  }
-}
-#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY */
-
-/************** End of fkey.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file insert.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
-** to handle INSERT statements in SQLite.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will open a table for reading.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenTable(
-  Parse *p,       /* Generate code into this VDBE */
-  int iCur,       /* The cursor number of the table */
-  int iDb,        /* The database index in sqlite3.aDb[] */
-  Table *pTab,    /* The table to be opened */
-  int opcode      /* OP_OpenRead or OP_OpenWrite */
-){
-  Vdbe *v;
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return;
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(p);
-  assert( opcode==OP_OpenWrite || opcode==OP_OpenRead );
-  sqlite3TableLock(p, iDb, pTab->tnum, (opcode==OP_OpenWrite)?1:0, pTab->zName);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, opcode, iCur, pTab->tnum, iDb);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(pTab->nCol), P4_INT32);
-  VdbeComment((v, "%s", pTab->zName));
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the column affinity string associated with index
-** pIdx. A column affinity string has one character for each column in 
-** the table, according to the affinity of the column:
-**
-**  Character      Column affinity
-**  ------------------------------
-**  'a'            TEXT
-**  'b'            NONE
-**  'c'            NUMERIC
-**  'd'            INTEGER
-**  'e'            REAL
-**
-** An extra 'b' is appended to the end of the string to cover the
-** rowid that appears as the last column in every index.
-**
-** Memory for the buffer containing the column index affinity string
-** is managed along with the rest of the Index structure. It will be
-** released when sqlite3DeleteIndex() is called.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(Vdbe *v, Index *pIdx){
-  if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
-    /* The first time a column affinity string for a particular index is
-    ** required, it is allocated and populated here. It is then stored as
-    ** a member of the Index structure for subsequent use.
-    **
-    ** The column affinity string will eventually be deleted by
-    ** sqliteDeleteIndex() when the Index structure itself is cleaned
-    ** up.
-    */
-    int n;
-    Table *pTab = pIdx->pTable;
-    sqlite3 *db = sqlite3VdbeDb(v);
-    pIdx->zColAff = (char *)sqlite3Malloc(pIdx->nColumn+2);
-    if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      return 0;
-    }
-    for(n=0; n<pIdx->nColumn; n++){
-      pIdx->zColAff[n] = pTab->aCol[pIdx->aiColumn[n]].affinity;
-    }
-    pIdx->zColAff[n++] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-    pIdx->zColAff[n] = 0;
-  }
- 
-  return pIdx->zColAff;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set P4 of the most recently inserted opcode to a column affinity
-** string for table pTab. A column affinity string has one character
-** for each column indexed by the index, according to the affinity of the
-** column:
-**
-**  Character      Column affinity
-**  ------------------------------
-**  'a'            TEXT
-**  'b'            NONE
-**  'c'            NUMERIC
-**  'd'            INTEGER
-**  'e'            REAL
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableAffinityStr(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab){
-  /* The first time a column affinity string for a particular table
-  ** is required, it is allocated and populated here. It is then 
-  ** stored as a member of the Table structure for subsequent use.
-  **
-  ** The column affinity string will eventually be deleted by
-  ** sqlite3DeleteTable() when the Table structure itself is cleaned up.
-  */
-  if( !pTab->zColAff ){
-    char *zColAff;
-    int i;
-    sqlite3 *db = sqlite3VdbeDb(v);
-
-    zColAff = (char *)sqlite3Malloc(pTab->nCol+1);
-    if( !zColAff ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-      zColAff[i] = pTab->aCol[i].affinity;
-    }
-    zColAff[pTab->nCol] = '\0';
-
-    pTab->zColAff = zColAff;
-  }
-
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, pTab->zColAff, 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return non-zero if the table pTab in database iDb or any of its indices
-** have been opened at any point in the VDBE program beginning at location
-** iStartAddr throught the end of the program.  This is used to see if 
-** a statement of the form  "INSERT INTO <iDb, pTab> SELECT ..." can 
-** run without using temporary table for the results of the SELECT. 
-*/
-static int readsTable(Parse *p, int iStartAddr, int iDb, Table *pTab){
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(p);
-  int i;
-  int iEnd = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  VTable *pVTab = IsVirtual(pTab) ? sqlite3GetVTable(p->db, pTab) : 0;
-#endif
-
-  for(i=iStartAddr; i<iEnd; i++){
-    VdbeOp *pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, i);
-    assert( pOp!=0 );
-    if( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenRead && pOp->p3==iDb ){
-      Index *pIndex;
-      int tnum = pOp->p2;
-      if( tnum==pTab->tnum ){
-        return 1;
-      }
-      for(pIndex=pTab->pIndex; pIndex; pIndex=pIndex->pNext){
-        if( tnum==pIndex->tnum ){
-          return 1;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-    if( pOp->opcode==OP_VOpen && pOp->p4.pVtab==pVTab ){
-      assert( pOp->p4.pVtab!=0 );
-      assert( pOp->p4type==P4_VTAB );
-      return 1;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-/*
-** Locate or create an AutoincInfo structure associated with table pTab
-** which is in database iDb.  Return the register number for the register
-** that holds the maximum rowid.
-**
-** There is at most one AutoincInfo structure per table even if the
-** same table is autoincremented multiple times due to inserts within
-** triggers.  A new AutoincInfo structure is created if this is the
-** first use of table pTab.  On 2nd and subsequent uses, the original
-** AutoincInfo structure is used.
-**
-** Three memory locations are allocated:
-**
-**   (1)  Register to hold the name of the pTab table.
-**   (2)  Register to hold the maximum ROWID of pTab.
-**   (3)  Register to hold the rowid in sqlite_sequence of pTab
-**
-** The 2nd register is the one that is returned.  That is all the
-** insert routine needs to know about.
-*/
-static int autoIncBegin(
-  Parse *pParse,      /* Parsing context */
-  int iDb,            /* Index of the database holding pTab */
-  Table *pTab         /* The table we are writing to */
-){
-  int memId = 0;      /* Register holding maximum rowid */
-  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement ){
-    Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-    AutoincInfo *pInfo;
-
-    pInfo = pToplevel->pAinc;
-    while( pInfo && pInfo->pTab!=pTab ){ pInfo = pInfo->pNext; }
-    if( pInfo==0 ){
-      pInfo = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pParse->db, sizeof(*pInfo));
-      if( pInfo==0 ) return 0;
-      pInfo->pNext = pToplevel->pAinc;
-      pToplevel->pAinc = pInfo;
-      pInfo->pTab = pTab;
-      pInfo->iDb = iDb;
-      pToplevel->nMem++;                  /* Register to hold name of table */
-      pInfo->regCtr = ++pToplevel->nMem;  /* Max rowid register */
-      pToplevel->nMem++;                  /* Rowid in sqlite_sequence */
-    }
-    memId = pInfo->regCtr;
-  }
-  return memId;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine generates code that will initialize all of the
-** register used by the autoincrement tracker.  
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse){
-  AutoincInfo *p;            /* Information about an AUTOINCREMENT */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* The database connection */
-  Db *pDb;                   /* Database only autoinc table */
-  int memId;                 /* Register holding max rowid */
-  int addr;                  /* A VDBE address */
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;   /* VDBE under construction */
-
-  /* This routine is never called during trigger-generation.  It is
-  ** only called from the top-level */
-  assert( pParse->pTriggerTab==0 );
-  assert( pParse==sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse) );
-
-  assert( v );   /* We failed long ago if this is not so */
-  for(p = pParse->pAinc; p; p = p->pNext){
-    pDb = &db->aDb[p->iDb];
-    memId = p->regCtr;
-    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, 0, p->iDb, pDb->pSchema->pSeqTab, OP_OpenRead);
-    addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, memId-1, 0, p->pTab->zName, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, 0, addr+9);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, 0, 0, memId);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, memId-1, addr+7, memId);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, 0, memId+1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, 0, 1, memId);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr+9);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, 0, addr+2);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, memId);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Close);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Update the maximum rowid for an autoincrement calculation.
-**
-** This routine should be called when the top of the stack holds a
-** new rowid that is about to be inserted.  If that new rowid is
-** larger than the maximum rowid in the memId memory cell, then the
-** memory cell is updated.  The stack is unchanged.
-*/
-static void autoIncStep(Parse *pParse, int memId, int regRowid){
-  if( memId>0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_MemMax, memId, regRowid);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine generates the code needed to write autoincrement
-** maximum rowid values back into the sqlite_sequence register.
-** Every statement that might do an INSERT into an autoincrement
-** table (either directly or through triggers) needs to call this
-** routine just before the "exit" code.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse){
-  AutoincInfo *p;
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  assert( v );
-  for(p = pParse->pAinc; p; p = p->pNext){
-    Db *pDb = &db->aDb[p->iDb];
-    int j1, j2, j3, j4, j5;
-    int iRec;
-    int memId = p->regCtr;
-
-    iRec = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, 0, p->iDb, pDb->pSchema->pSeqTab, OP_OpenWrite);
-    j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, memId+1);
-    j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Rewind);
-    j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, 0, 0, iRec);
-    j4 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, memId-1, 0, iRec);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, 0, j3);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j2);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, 0, memId+1);
-    j5 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j4);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, 0, memId+1);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j5);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, memId-1, 2, iRec);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, 0, iRec, memId+1);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Close);
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, iRec);
-  }
-}
-#else
-/*
-** If SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT is defined, then the three routines
-** above are all no-ops
-*/
-# define autoIncBegin(A,B,C) (0)
-# define autoIncStep(A,B,C)
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT */
-
-
-/* Forward declaration */
-static int xferOptimization(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parser context */
-  Table *pDest,         /* The table we are inserting into */
-  Select *pSelect,      /* A SELECT statement to use as the data source */
-  int onError,          /* How to handle constraint errors */
-  int iDbDest           /* The database of pDest */
-);
-
-/*
-** This routine is call to handle SQL of the following forms:
-**
-**    insert into TABLE (IDLIST) values(EXPRLIST)
-**    insert into TABLE (IDLIST) select
-**
-** The IDLIST following the table name is always optional.  If omitted,
-** then a list of all columns for the table is substituted.  The IDLIST
-** appears in the pColumn parameter.  pColumn is NULL if IDLIST is omitted.
-**
-** The pList parameter holds EXPRLIST in the first form of the INSERT
-** statement above, and pSelect is NULL.  For the second form, pList is
-** NULL and pSelect is a pointer to the select statement used to generate
-** data for the insert.
-**
-** The code generated follows one of four templates.  For a simple
-** select with data coming from a VALUES clause, the code executes
-** once straight down through.  Pseudo-code follows (we call this
-** the "1st template"):
-**
-**         open write cursor to <table> and its indices
-**         puts VALUES clause expressions onto the stack
-**         write the resulting record into <table>
-**         cleanup
-**
-** The three remaining templates assume the statement is of the form
-**
-**   INSERT INTO <table> SELECT ...
-**
-** If the SELECT clause is of the restricted form "SELECT * FROM <table2>" -
-** in other words if the SELECT pulls all columns from a single table
-** and there is no WHERE or LIMIT or GROUP BY or ORDER BY clauses, and
-** if <table2> and <table1> are distinct tables but have identical
-** schemas, including all the same indices, then a special optimization
-** is invoked that copies raw records from <table2> over to <table1>.
-** See the xferOptimization() function for the implementation of this
-** template.  This is the 2nd template.
-**
-**         open a write cursor to <table>
-**         open read cursor on <table2>
-**         transfer all records in <table2> over to <table>
-**         close cursors
-**         foreach index on <table>
-**           open a write cursor on the <table> index
-**           open a read cursor on the corresponding <table2> index
-**           transfer all records from the read to the write cursors
-**           close cursors
-**         end foreach
-**
-** The 3rd template is for when the second template does not apply
-** and the SELECT clause does not read from <table> at any time.
-** The generated code follows this template:
-**
-**         EOF <- 0
-**         X <- A
-**         goto B
-**      A: setup for the SELECT
-**         loop over the rows in the SELECT
-**           load values into registers R..R+n
-**           yield X
-**         end loop
-**         cleanup after the SELECT
-**         EOF <- 1
-**         yield X
-**         goto A
-**      B: open write cursor to <table> and its indices
-**      C: yield X
-**         if EOF goto D
-**         insert the select result into <table> from R..R+n
-**         goto C
-**      D: cleanup
-**
-** The 4th template is used if the insert statement takes its
-** values from a SELECT but the data is being inserted into a table
-** that is also read as part of the SELECT.  In the third form,
-** we have to use a intermediate table to store the results of
-** the select.  The template is like this:
-**
-**         EOF <- 0
-**         X <- A
-**         goto B
-**      A: setup for the SELECT
-**         loop over the tables in the SELECT
-**           load value into register R..R+n
-**           yield X
-**         end loop
-**         cleanup after the SELECT
-**         EOF <- 1
-**         yield X
-**         halt-error
-**      B: open temp table
-**      L: yield X
-**         if EOF goto M
-**         insert row from R..R+n into temp table
-**         goto L
-**      M: open write cursor to <table> and its indices
-**         rewind temp table
-**      C: loop over rows of intermediate table
-**           transfer values form intermediate table into <table>
-**         end loop
-**      D: cleanup
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parser context */
-  SrcList *pTabList,    /* Name of table into which we are inserting */
-  ExprList *pList,      /* List of values to be inserted */
-  Select *pSelect,      /* A SELECT statement to use as the data source */
-  IdList *pColumn,      /* Column names corresponding to IDLIST. */
-  int onError           /* How to handle constraint errors */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db;          /* The main database structure */
-  Table *pTab;          /* The table to insert into.  aka TABLE */
-  char *zTab;           /* Name of the table into which we are inserting */
-  const char *zDb;      /* Name of the database holding this table */
-  int i, j, idx;        /* Loop counters */
-  Vdbe *v;              /* Generate code into this virtual machine */
-  Index *pIdx;          /* For looping over indices of the table */
-  int nColumn;          /* Number of columns in the data */
-  int nHidden = 0;      /* Number of hidden columns if TABLE is virtual */
-  int baseCur = 0;      /* VDBE Cursor number for pTab */
-  int keyColumn = -1;   /* Column that is the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
-  int endOfLoop;        /* Label for the end of the insertion loop */
-  int useTempTable = 0; /* Store SELECT results in intermediate table */
-  int srcTab = 0;       /* Data comes from this temporary cursor if >=0 */
-  int addrInsTop = 0;   /* Jump to label "D" */
-  int addrCont = 0;     /* Top of insert loop. Label "C" in templates 3 and 4 */
-  int addrSelect = 0;   /* Address of coroutine that implements the SELECT */
-  SelectDest dest;      /* Destination for SELECT on rhs of INSERT */
-  int iDb;              /* Index of database holding TABLE */
-  Db *pDb;              /* The database containing table being inserted into */
-  int appendFlag = 0;   /* True if the insert is likely to be an append */
-
-  /* Register allocations */
-  int regFromSelect = 0;/* Base register for data coming from SELECT */
-  int regAutoinc = 0;   /* Register holding the AUTOINCREMENT counter */
-  int regRowCount = 0;  /* Memory cell used for the row counter */
-  int regIns;           /* Block of regs holding rowid+data being inserted */
-  int regRowid;         /* registers holding insert rowid */
-  int regData;          /* register holding first column to insert */
-  int regRecord;        /* Holds the assemblied row record */
-  int regEof = 0;       /* Register recording end of SELECT data */
-  int *aRegIdx = 0;     /* One register allocated to each index */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  int isView;                 /* True if attempting to insert into a view */
-  Trigger *pTrigger;          /* List of triggers on pTab, if required */
-  int tmask;                  /* Mask of trigger times */
-#endif
-
-  db = pParse->db;
-  memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest));
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto insert_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  /* Locate the table into which we will be inserting new information.
-  */
-  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
-  zTab = pTabList->a[0].zName;
-  if( NEVER(zTab==0) ) goto insert_cleanup;
-  pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTabList);
-  if( pTab==0 ){
-    goto insert_cleanup;
-  }
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-  assert( iDb<db->nDb );
-  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
-  zDb = pDb->zName;
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_INSERT, pTab->zName, 0, zDb) ){
-    goto insert_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  /* Figure out if we have any triggers and if the table being
-  ** inserted into is a view
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_INSERT, 0, &tmask);
-  isView = pTab->pSelect!=0;
-#else
-# define pTrigger 0
-# define tmask 0
-# define isView 0
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-# undef isView
-# define isView 0
-#endif
-  assert( (pTrigger && tmask) || (pTrigger==0 && tmask==0) );
-
-  /* If pTab is really a view, make sure it has been initialized.
-  ** ViewGetColumnNames() is a no-op if pTab is not a view (or virtual 
-  ** module table).
-  */
-  if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
-    goto insert_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  /* Ensure that:
-  *  (a) the table is not read-only, 
-  *  (b) that if it is a view then ON INSERT triggers exist
-  */
-  if( sqlite3IsReadOnly(pParse, pTab, tmask) ){
-    goto insert_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  /* Allocate a VDBE
-  */
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v==0 ) goto insert_cleanup;
-  if( pParse->nested==0 ) sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(v);
-  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, pSelect || pTrigger, iDb);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT
-  /* If the statement is of the form
-  **
-  **       INSERT INTO <table1> SELECT * FROM <table2>;
-  **
-  ** Then special optimizations can be applied that make the transfer
-  ** very fast and which reduce fragmentation of indices.
-  **
-  ** This is the 2nd template.
-  */
-  if( pColumn==0 && xferOptimization(pParse, pTab, pSelect, onError, iDb) ){
-    assert( !pTrigger );
-    assert( pList==0 );
-    goto insert_end;
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT */
-
-  /* If this is an AUTOINCREMENT table, look up the sequence number in the
-  ** sqlite_sequence table and store it in memory cell regAutoinc.
-  */
-  regAutoinc = autoIncBegin(pParse, iDb, pTab);
-
-  /* Figure out how many columns of data are supplied.  If the data
-  ** is coming from a SELECT statement, then generate a co-routine that
-  ** produces a single row of the SELECT on each invocation.  The
-  ** co-routine is the common header to the 3rd and 4th templates.
-  */
-  if( pSelect ){
-    /* Data is coming from a SELECT.  Generate code to implement that SELECT
-    ** as a co-routine.  The code is common to both the 3rd and 4th
-    ** templates:
-    **
-    **         EOF <- 0
-    **         X <- A
-    **         goto B
-    **      A: setup for the SELECT
-    **         loop over the tables in the SELECT
-    **           load value into register R..R+n
-    **           yield X
-    **         end loop
-    **         cleanup after the SELECT
-    **         EOF <- 1
-    **         yield X
-    **         halt-error
-    **
-    ** On each invocation of the co-routine, it puts a single row of the
-    ** SELECT result into registers dest.iMem...dest.iMem+dest.nMem-1.
-    ** (These output registers are allocated by sqlite3Select().)  When
-    ** the SELECT completes, it sets the EOF flag stored in regEof.
-    */
-    int rc, j1;
-
-    regEof = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regEof);      /* EOF <- 0 */
-    VdbeComment((v, "SELECT eof flag"));
-    sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, ++pParse->nMem);
-    addrSelect = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, addrSelect-1, dest.iParm);
-    j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0);
-    VdbeComment((v, "Jump over SELECT coroutine"));
-
-    /* Resolve the expressions in the SELECT statement and execute it. */
-    rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
-    assert( pParse->nErr==0 || rc );
-    if( rc || NEVER(pParse->nErr) || db->mallocFailed ){
-      goto insert_cleanup;
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regEof);         /* EOF <- 1 */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, dest.iParm);   /* yield X */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_INTERNAL, OE_Abort);
-    VdbeComment((v, "End of SELECT coroutine"));
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);                          /* label B: */
-
-    regFromSelect = dest.iMem;
-    assert( pSelect->pEList );
-    nColumn = pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
-    assert( dest.nMem==nColumn );
-
-    /* Set useTempTable to TRUE if the result of the SELECT statement
-    ** should be written into a temporary table (template 4).  Set to
-    ** FALSE if each* row of the SELECT can be written directly into
-    ** the destination table (template 3).
-    **
-    ** A temp table must be used if the table being updated is also one
-    ** of the tables being read by the SELECT statement.  Also use a 
-    ** temp table in the case of row triggers.
-    */
-    if( pTrigger || readsTable(pParse, addrSelect, iDb, pTab) ){
-      useTempTable = 1;
-    }
-
-    if( useTempTable ){
-      /* Invoke the coroutine to extract information from the SELECT
-      ** and add it to a transient table srcTab.  The code generated
-      ** here is from the 4th template:
-      **
-      **      B: open temp table
-      **      L: yield X
-      **         if EOF goto M
-      **         insert row from R..R+n into temp table
-      **         goto L
-      **      M: ...
-      */
-      int regRec;          /* Register to hold packed record */
-      int regTempRowid;    /* Register to hold temp table ROWID */
-      int addrTop;         /* Label "L" */
-      int addrIf;          /* Address of jump to M */
-
-      srcTab = pParse->nTab++;
-      regRec = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      regTempRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, srcTab, nColumn);
-      addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, dest.iParm);
-      addrIf = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, regEof);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regFromSelect, nColumn, regRec);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, srcTab, regTempRowid);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, srcTab, regRec, regTempRowid);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrTop);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIf);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRec);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regTempRowid);
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* This is the case if the data for the INSERT is coming from a VALUES
-    ** clause
-    */
-    NameContext sNC;
-    memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
-    sNC.pParse = pParse;
-    srcTab = -1;
-    assert( useTempTable==0 );
-    nColumn = pList ? pList->nExpr : 0;
-    for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
-      if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pList->a[i].pExpr) ){
-        goto insert_cleanup;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure the number of columns in the source data matches the number
-  ** of columns to be inserted into the table.
-  */
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-      nHidden += (IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[i]) ? 1 : 0);
-    }
-  }
-  if( pColumn==0 && nColumn && nColumn!=(pTab->nCol-nHidden) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-       "table %S has %d columns but %d values were supplied",
-       pTabList, 0, pTab->nCol-nHidden, nColumn);
-    goto insert_cleanup;
-  }
-  if( pColumn!=0 && nColumn!=pColumn->nId ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%d values for %d columns", nColumn, pColumn->nId);
-    goto insert_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  /* If the INSERT statement included an IDLIST term, then make sure
-  ** all elements of the IDLIST really are columns of the table and 
-  ** remember the column indices.
-  **
-  ** If the table has an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column and that column
-  ** is named in the IDLIST, then record in the keyColumn variable
-  ** the index into IDLIST of the primary key column.  keyColumn is
-  ** the index of the primary key as it appears in IDLIST, not as
-  ** is appears in the original table.  (The index of the primary
-  ** key in the original table is pTab->iPKey.)
-  */
-  if( pColumn ){
-    for(i=0; i<pColumn->nId; i++){
-      pColumn->a[i].idx = -1;
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<pColumn->nId; i++){
-      for(j=0; j<pTab->nCol; j++){
-        if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColumn->a[i].zName, pTab->aCol[j].zName)==0 ){
-          pColumn->a[i].idx = j;
-          if( j==pTab->iPKey ){
-            keyColumn = i;
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if( j>=pTab->nCol ){
-        if( sqlite3IsRowid(pColumn->a[i].zName) ){
-          keyColumn = i;
-        }else{
-          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %S has no column named %s",
-              pTabList, 0, pColumn->a[i].zName);
-          pParse->nErr++;
-          goto insert_cleanup;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If there is no IDLIST term but the table has an integer primary
-  ** key, the set the keyColumn variable to the primary key column index
-  ** in the original table definition.
-  */
-  if( pColumn==0 && nColumn>0 ){
-    keyColumn = pTab->iPKey;
-  }
-    
-  /* Initialize the count of rows to be inserted
-  */
-  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows ){
-    regRowCount = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regRowCount);
-  }
-
-  /* If this is not a view, open the table and and all indices */
-  if( !isView ){
-    int nIdx;
-
-    baseCur = pParse->nTab;
-    nIdx = sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, baseCur, OP_OpenWrite);
-    aRegIdx = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(int)*(nIdx+1));
-    if( aRegIdx==0 ){
-      goto insert_cleanup;
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<nIdx; i++){
-      aRegIdx[i] = ++pParse->nMem;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* This is the top of the main insertion loop */
-  if( useTempTable ){
-    /* This block codes the top of loop only.  The complete loop is the
-    ** following pseudocode (template 4):
-    **
-    **         rewind temp table
-    **      C: loop over rows of intermediate table
-    **           transfer values form intermediate table into <table>
-    **         end loop
-    **      D: ...
-    */
-    addrInsTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, srcTab);
-    addrCont = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-  }else if( pSelect ){
-    /* This block codes the top of loop only.  The complete loop is the
-    ** following pseudocode (template 3):
-    **
-    **      C: yield X
-    **         if EOF goto D
-    **         insert the select result into <table> from R..R+n
-    **         goto C
-    **      D: ...
-    */
-    addrCont = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, dest.iParm);
-    addrInsTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, regEof);
-  }
-
-  /* Allocate registers for holding the rowid of the new row,
-  ** the content of the new row, and the assemblied row record.
-  */
-  regRecord = ++pParse->nMem;
-  regRowid = regIns = pParse->nMem+1;
-  pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol + 1;
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-    regRowid++;
-    pParse->nMem++;
-  }
-  regData = regRowid+1;
-
-  /* Run the BEFORE and INSTEAD OF triggers, if there are any
-  */
-  endOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-  if( tmask & TRIGGER_BEFORE ){
-    int regCols = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pTab->nCol+1);
-
-    /* build the NEW.* reference row.  Note that if there is an INTEGER
-    ** PRIMARY KEY into which a NULL is being inserted, that NULL will be
-    ** translated into a unique ID for the row.  But on a BEFORE trigger,
-    ** we do not know what the unique ID will be (because the insert has
-    ** not happened yet) so we substitute a rowid of -1
-    */
-    if( keyColumn<0 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, -1, regCols);
-    }else{
-      int j1;
-      if( useTempTable ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, keyColumn, regCols);
-      }else{
-        assert( pSelect==0 );  /* Otherwise useTempTable is true */
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[keyColumn].pExpr, regCols);
-      }
-      j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, regCols);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, -1, regCols);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, regCols);
-    }
-
-    /* Cannot have triggers on a virtual table. If it were possible,
-    ** this block would have to account for hidden column.
-    */
-    assert( !IsVirtual(pTab) );
-
-    /* Create the new column data
-    */
-    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-      if( pColumn==0 ){
-        j = i;
-      }else{
-        for(j=0; j<pColumn->nId; j++){
-          if( pColumn->a[j].idx==i ) break;
-        }
-      }
-      if( pColumn && j>=pColumn->nId ){
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].pDflt, regCols+i+1);
-      }else if( useTempTable ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, j, regCols+i+1); 
-      }else{
-        assert( pSelect==0 ); /* Otherwise useTempTable is true */
-        sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(pParse, pList->a[j].pExpr, regCols+i+1);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* If this is an INSERT on a view with an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger,
-    ** do not attempt any conversions before assembling the record.
-    ** If this is a real table, attempt conversions as required by the
-    ** table column affinities.
-    */
-    if( !isView ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, regCols+1, pTab->nCol);
-      sqlite3TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);
-    }
-
-    /* Fire BEFORE or INSTEAD OF triggers */
-    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE, 
-        pTab, regCols-pTab->nCol-1, onError, endOfLoop);
-
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regCols, pTab->nCol+1);
-  }
-
-  /* Push the record number for the new entry onto the stack.  The
-  ** record number is a randomly generate integer created by NewRowid
-  ** except when the table has an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column, in which
-  ** case the record number is the same as that column. 
-  */
-  if( !isView ){
-    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-      /* The row that the VUpdate opcode will delete: none */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regIns);
-    }
-    if( keyColumn>=0 ){
-      if( useTempTable ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, keyColumn, regRowid);
-      }else if( pSelect ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regFromSelect+keyColumn, regRowid);
-      }else{
-        VdbeOp *pOp;
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[keyColumn].pExpr, regRowid);
-        pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1);
-        if( ALWAYS(pOp) && pOp->opcode==OP_Null && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-          appendFlag = 1;
-          pOp->opcode = OP_NewRowid;
-          pOp->p1 = baseCur;
-          pOp->p2 = regRowid;
-          pOp->p3 = regAutoinc;
-        }
-      }
-      /* If the PRIMARY KEY expression is NULL, then use OP_NewRowid
-      ** to generate a unique primary key value.
-      */
-      if( !appendFlag ){
-        int j1;
-        if( !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-          j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, regRowid);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NewRowid, baseCur, regRowid, regAutoinc);
-          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
-        }else{
-          j1 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regRowid, j1+2);
-        }
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, regRowid);
-      }
-    }else if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regRowid);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NewRowid, baseCur, regRowid, regAutoinc);
-      appendFlag = 1;
-    }
-    autoIncStep(pParse, regAutoinc, regRowid);
-
-    /* Push onto the stack, data for all columns of the new entry, beginning
-    ** with the first column.
-    */
-    nHidden = 0;
-    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-      int iRegStore = regRowid+1+i;
-      if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
-        /* The value of the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column is always a NULL.
-        ** Whenever this column is read, the record number will be substituted
-        ** in its place.  So will fill this column with a NULL to avoid
-        ** taking up data space with information that will never be used. */
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, iRegStore);
-        continue;
-      }
-      if( pColumn==0 ){
-        if( IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[i]) ){
-          assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
-          j = -1;
-          nHidden++;
-        }else{
-          j = i - nHidden;
-        }
-      }else{
-        for(j=0; j<pColumn->nId; j++){
-          if( pColumn->a[j].idx==i ) break;
-        }
-      }
-      if( j<0 || nColumn==0 || (pColumn && j>=pColumn->nId) ){
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].pDflt, iRegStore);
-      }else if( useTempTable ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, j, iRegStore); 
-      }else if( pSelect ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regFromSelect+j, iRegStore);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[j].pExpr, iRegStore);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Generate code to check constraints and generate index keys and
-    ** do the insertion.
-    */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-      const char *pVTab = (const char *)sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab);
-      sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(pParse, pTab);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VUpdate, 1, pTab->nCol+2, regIns, pVTab, P4_VTAB);
-      sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
-    }else
-#endif
-    {
-      int isReplace;    /* Set to true if constraints may cause a replace */
-      sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(pParse, pTab, baseCur, regIns, aRegIdx,
-          keyColumn>=0, 0, onError, endOfLoop, &isReplace
-      );
-      sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, 0, regIns);
-      sqlite3CompleteInsertion(
-          pParse, pTab, baseCur, regIns, aRegIdx, 0, appendFlag, isReplace==0
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Update the count of rows that are inserted
-  */
-  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows)!=0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regRowCount, 1);
-  }
-
-  if( pTrigger ){
-    /* Code AFTER triggers */
-    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, 
-        pTab, regData-2-pTab->nCol, onError, endOfLoop);
-  }
-
-  /* The bottom of the main insertion loop, if the data source
-  ** is a SELECT statement.
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endOfLoop);
-  if( useTempTable ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, srcTab, addrCont);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrInsTop);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, srcTab);
-  }else if( pSelect ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrCont);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrInsTop);
-  }
-
-  if( !IsVirtual(pTab) && !isView ){
-    /* Close all tables opened */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, baseCur);
-    for(idx=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, idx++){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, idx+baseCur);
-    }
-  }
-
-insert_end:
-  /* Update the sqlite_sequence table by storing the content of the
-  ** maximum rowid counter values recorded while inserting into
-  ** autoincrement tables.
-  */
-  if( pParse->nested==0 && pParse->pTriggerTab==0 ){
-    sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
-  }
-
-  /*
-  ** Return the number of rows inserted. If this routine is 
-  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
-  ** invoke the callback function.
-  */
-  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_CountRows) && !pParse->nested && !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regRowCount, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows inserted", SQLITE_STATIC);
-  }
-
-insert_cleanup:
-  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
-  sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pColumn);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, aRegIdx);
-}
-
-/* Make sure "isView" and other macros defined above are undefined. Otherwise
-** thely may interfere with compilation of other functions in this file
-** (or in another file, if this file becomes part of the amalgamation).  */
-#ifdef isView
- #undef isView
-#endif
-#ifdef pTrigger
- #undef pTrigger
-#endif
-#ifdef tmask
- #undef tmask
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Generate code to do constraint checks prior to an INSERT or an UPDATE.
-**
-** The input is a range of consecutive registers as follows:
-**
-**    1.  The rowid of the row after the update.
-**
-**    2.  The data in the first column of the entry after the update.
-**
-**    i.  Data from middle columns...
-**
-**    N.  The data in the last column of the entry after the update.
-**
-** The regRowid parameter is the index of the register containing (1).
-**
-** If isUpdate is true and rowidChng is non-zero, then rowidChng contains
-** the address of a register containing the rowid before the update takes
-** place. isUpdate is true for UPDATEs and false for INSERTs. If isUpdate
-** is false, indicating an INSERT statement, then a non-zero rowidChng 
-** indicates that the rowid was explicitly specified as part of the
-** INSERT statement. If rowidChng is false, it means that  the rowid is
-** computed automatically in an insert or that the rowid value is not 
-** modified by an update.
-**
-** The code generated by this routine store new index entries into
-** registers identified by aRegIdx[].  No index entry is created for
-** indices where aRegIdx[i]==0.  The order of indices in aRegIdx[] is
-** the same as the order of indices on the linked list of indices
-** attached to the table.
-**
-** This routine also generates code to check constraints.  NOT NULL,
-** CHECK, and UNIQUE constraints are all checked.  If a constraint fails,
-** then the appropriate action is performed.  There are five possible
-** actions: ROLLBACK, ABORT, FAIL, REPLACE, and IGNORE.
-**
-**  Constraint type  Action       What Happens
-**  ---------------  ----------   ----------------------------------------
-**  any              ROLLBACK     The current transaction is rolled back and
-**                                sqlite3_exec() returns immediately with a
-**                                return code of SQLITE_CONSTRAINT.
-**
-**  any              ABORT        Back out changes from the current command
-**                                only (do not do a complete rollback) then
-**                                cause sqlite3_exec() to return immediately
-**                                with SQLITE_CONSTRAINT.
-**
-**  any              FAIL         Sqlite_exec() returns immediately with a
-**                                return code of SQLITE_CONSTRAINT.  The
-**                                transaction is not rolled back and any
-**                                prior changes are retained.
-**
-**  any              IGNORE       The record number and data is popped from
-**                                the stack and there is an immediate jump
-**                                to label ignoreDest.
-**
-**  NOT NULL         REPLACE      The NULL value is replace by the default
-**                                value for that column.  If the default value
-**                                is NULL, the action is the same as ABORT.
-**
-**  UNIQUE           REPLACE      The other row that conflicts with the row
-**                                being inserted is removed.
-**
-**  CHECK            REPLACE      Illegal.  The results in an exception.
-**
-** Which action to take is determined by the overrideError parameter.
-** Or if overrideError==OE_Default, then the pParse->onError parameter
-** is used.  Or if pParse->onError==OE_Default then the onError value
-** for the constraint is used.
-**
-** The calling routine must open a read/write cursor for pTab with
-** cursor number "baseCur".  All indices of pTab must also have open
-** read/write cursors with cursor number baseCur+i for the i-th cursor.
-** Except, if there is no possibility of a REPLACE action then
-** cursors do not need to be open for indices where aRegIdx[i]==0.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
-  Parse *pParse,      /* The parser context */
-  Table *pTab,        /* the table into which we are inserting */
-  int baseCur,        /* Index of a read/write cursor pointing at pTab */
-  int regRowid,       /* Index of the range of input registers */
-  int *aRegIdx,       /* Register used by each index.  0 for unused indices */
-  int rowidChng,      /* True if the rowid might collide with existing entry */
-  int isUpdate,       /* True for UPDATE, False for INSERT */
-  int overrideError,  /* Override onError to this if not OE_Default */
-  int ignoreDest,     /* Jump to this label on an OE_Ignore resolution */
-  int *pbMayReplace   /* OUT: Set to true if constraint may cause a replace */
-){
-  int i;              /* loop counter */
-  Vdbe *v;            /* VDBE under constrution */
-  int nCol;           /* Number of columns */
-  int onError;        /* Conflict resolution strategy */
-  int j1;             /* Addresss of jump instruction */
-  int j2 = 0, j3;     /* Addresses of jump instructions */
-  int regData;        /* Register containing first data column */
-  int iCur;           /* Table cursor number */
-  Index *pIdx;         /* Pointer to one of the indices */
-  int seenReplace = 0; /* True if REPLACE is used to resolve INT PK conflict */
-  int regOldRowid = (rowidChng && isUpdate) ? rowidChng : regRowid;
-
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  assert( v!=0 );
-  assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );  /* This table is not a VIEW */
-  nCol = pTab->nCol;
-  regData = regRowid + 1;
-
-  /* Test all NOT NULL constraints.
-  */
-  for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
-      continue;
-    }
-    onError = pTab->aCol[i].notNull;
-    if( onError==OE_None ) continue;
-    if( overrideError!=OE_Default ){
-      onError = overrideError;
-    }else if( onError==OE_Default ){
-      onError = OE_Abort;
-    }
-    if( onError==OE_Replace && pTab->aCol[i].pDflt==0 ){
-      onError = OE_Abort;
-    }
-    assert( onError==OE_Rollback || onError==OE_Abort || onError==OE_Fail
-        || onError==OE_Ignore || onError==OE_Replace );
-    switch( onError ){
-      case OE_Abort:
-        sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
-      case OE_Rollback:
-      case OE_Fail: {
-        char *zMsg;
-        j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_HaltIfNull,
-                                  SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, onError, regData+i);
-        zMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(pParse->db, "%s.%s may not be NULL",
-                              pTab->zName, pTab->aCol[i].zName);
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, zMsg, P4_DYNAMIC);
-        break;
-      }
-      case OE_Ignore: {
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regData+i, ignoreDest);
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        assert( onError==OE_Replace );
-        j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, regData+i);
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].pDflt, regData+i);
-        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Test all CHECK constraints
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-  if( pTab->pCheck && (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_IgnoreChecks)==0 ){
-    int allOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-    pParse->ckBase = regData;
-    sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pTab->pCheck, allOk, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-    onError = overrideError!=OE_Default ? overrideError : OE_Abort;
-    if( onError==OE_Ignore ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, ignoreDest);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3HaltConstraint(pParse, onError, 0, 0);
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, allOk);
-  }
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK) */
-
-  /* If we have an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, make sure the primary key
-  ** of the new record does not previously exist.  Except, if this
-  ** is an UPDATE and the primary key is not changing, that is OK.
-  */
-  if( rowidChng ){
-    onError = pTab->keyConf;
-    if( overrideError!=OE_Default ){
-      onError = overrideError;
-    }else if( onError==OE_Default ){
-      onError = OE_Abort;
-    }
-    
-    if( isUpdate ){
-      j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regRowid, 0, rowidChng);
-    }
-    j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, baseCur, 0, regRowid);
-    switch( onError ){
-      default: {
-        onError = OE_Abort;
-        /* Fall thru into the next case */
-      }
-      case OE_Rollback:
-      case OE_Abort:
-      case OE_Fail: {
-        sqlite3HaltConstraint(
-          pParse, onError, "PRIMARY KEY must be unique", P4_STATIC);
-        break;
-      }
-      case OE_Replace: {
-        /* If there are DELETE triggers on this table and the
-        ** recursive-triggers flag is set, call GenerateRowDelete() to
-        ** remove the conflicting row from the the table. This will fire
-        ** the triggers and remove both the table and index b-tree entries.
-        **
-        ** Otherwise, if there are no triggers or the recursive-triggers
-        ** flag is not set, but the table has one or more indexes, call 
-        ** GenerateRowIndexDelete(). This removes the index b-tree entries 
-        ** only. The table b-tree entry will be replaced by the new entry 
-        ** when it is inserted.  
-        **
-        ** If either GenerateRowDelete() or GenerateRowIndexDelete() is called,
-        ** also invoke MultiWrite() to indicate that this VDBE may require
-        ** statement rollback (if the statement is aborted after the delete
-        ** takes place). Earlier versions called sqlite3MultiWrite() regardless,
-        ** but being more selective here allows statements like:
-        **
-        **   REPLACE INTO t(rowid) VALUES($newrowid)
-        **
-        ** to run without a statement journal if there are no indexes on the
-        ** table.
-        */
-        Trigger *pTrigger = 0;
-        if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers ){
-          pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0);
-        }
-        if( pTrigger || sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0) ){
-          sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
-          sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
-              pParse, pTab, baseCur, regRowid, 0, pTrigger, OE_Replace
-          );
-        }else if( pTab->pIndex ){
-          sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
-          sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, baseCur, 0);
-        }
-        seenReplace = 1;
-        break;
-      }
-      case OE_Ignore: {
-        assert( seenReplace==0 );
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, ignoreDest);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j3);
-    if( isUpdate ){
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j2);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Test all UNIQUE constraints by creating entries for each UNIQUE
-  ** index and making sure that duplicate entries do not already exist.
-  ** Add the new records to the indices as we go.
-  */
-  for(iCur=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, iCur++){
-    int regIdx;
-    int regR;
-
-    if( aRegIdx[iCur]==0 ) continue;  /* Skip unused indices */
-
-    /* Create a key for accessing the index entry */
-    regIdx = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pIdx->nColumn+1);
-    for(i=0; i<pIdx->nColumn; i++){
-      int idx = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
-      if( idx==pTab->iPKey ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regRowid, regIdx+i);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regData+idx, regIdx+i);
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regRowid, regIdx+i);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn+1, aRegIdx[iCur]);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(v, pIdx), 0);
-    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn+1);
-
-    /* Find out what action to take in case there is an indexing conflict */
-    onError = pIdx->onError;
-    if( onError==OE_None ){ 
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn+1);
-      continue;  /* pIdx is not a UNIQUE index */
-    }
-    if( overrideError!=OE_Default ){
-      onError = overrideError;
-    }else if( onError==OE_Default ){
-      onError = OE_Abort;
-    }
-    if( seenReplace ){
-      if( onError==OE_Ignore ) onError = OE_Replace;
-      else if( onError==OE_Fail ) onError = OE_Abort;
-    }
-    
-    /* Check to see if the new index entry will be unique */
-    regR = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regOldRowid, regR);
-    j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IsUnique, baseCur+iCur+1, 0,
-                           regR, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(regIdx),
-                           P4_INT32);
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn+1);
-
-    /* Generate code that executes if the new index entry is not unique */
-    assert( onError==OE_Rollback || onError==OE_Abort || onError==OE_Fail
-        || onError==OE_Ignore || onError==OE_Replace );
-    switch( onError ){
-      case OE_Rollback:
-      case OE_Abort:
-      case OE_Fail: {
-        int j;
-        StrAccum errMsg;
-        const char *zSep;
-        char *zErr;
-
-        sqlite3StrAccumInit(&errMsg, 0, 0, 200);
-        errMsg.db = pParse->db;
-        zSep = pIdx->nColumn>1 ? "columns " : "column ";
-        for(j=0; j<pIdx->nColumn; j++){
-          char *zCol = pTab->aCol[pIdx->aiColumn[j]].zName;
-          sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&errMsg, zSep, -1);
-          zSep = ", ";
-          sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&errMsg, zCol, -1);
-        }
-        sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&errMsg,
-            pIdx->nColumn>1 ? " are not unique" : " is not unique", -1);
-        zErr = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&errMsg);
-        sqlite3HaltConstraint(pParse, onError, zErr, 0);
-        sqlite3DbFree(errMsg.db, zErr);
-        break;
-      }
-      case OE_Ignore: {
-        assert( seenReplace==0 );
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, ignoreDest);
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        Trigger *pTrigger = 0;
-        assert( onError==OE_Replace );
-        sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
-        if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers ){
-          pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0);
-        }
-        sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
-            pParse, pTab, baseCur, regR, 0, pTrigger, OE_Replace
-        );
-        seenReplace = 1;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j3);
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regR);
-  }
-  
-  if( pbMayReplace ){
-    *pbMayReplace = seenReplace;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine generates code to finish the INSERT or UPDATE operation
-** that was started by a prior call to sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks.
-** A consecutive range of registers starting at regRowid contains the
-** rowid and the content to be inserted.
-**
-** The arguments to this routine should be the same as the first six
-** arguments to sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(
-  Parse *pParse,      /* The parser context */
-  Table *pTab,        /* the table into which we are inserting */
-  int baseCur,        /* Index of a read/write cursor pointing at pTab */
-  int regRowid,       /* Range of content */
-  int *aRegIdx,       /* Register used by each index.  0 for unused indices */
-  int isUpdate,       /* True for UPDATE, False for INSERT */
-  int appendBias,     /* True if this is likely to be an append */
-  int useSeekResult   /* True to set the USESEEKRESULT flag on OP_[Idx]Insert */
-){
-  int i;
-  Vdbe *v;
-  int nIdx;
-  Index *pIdx;
-  u8 pik_flags;
-  int regData;
-  int regRec;
-
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  assert( v!=0 );
-  assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );  /* This table is not a VIEW */
-  for(nIdx=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, nIdx++){}
-  for(i=nIdx-1; i>=0; i--){
-    if( aRegIdx[i]==0 ) continue;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, baseCur+i+1, aRegIdx[i]);
-    if( useSeekResult ){
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT);
-    }
-  }
-  regData = regRowid + 1;
-  regRec = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regData, pTab->nCol, regRec);
-  sqlite3TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);
-  sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regData, pTab->nCol);
-  if( pParse->nested ){
-    pik_flags = 0;
-  }else{
-    pik_flags = OPFLAG_NCHANGE;
-    pik_flags |= (isUpdate?OPFLAG_ISUPDATE:OPFLAG_LASTROWID);
-  }
-  if( appendBias ){
-    pik_flags |= OPFLAG_APPEND;
-  }
-  if( useSeekResult ){
-    pik_flags |= OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT;
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, baseCur, regRec, regRowid);
-  if( !pParse->nested ){
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, pTab->zName, P4_STATIC);
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, pik_flags);
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will open cursors for a table and for all
-** indices of that table.  The "baseCur" parameter is the cursor number used
-** for the table.  Indices are opened on subsequent cursors.
-**
-** Return the number of indices on the table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(
-  Parse *pParse,   /* Parsing context */
-  Table *pTab,     /* Table to be opened */
-  int baseCur,     /* Cursor number assigned to the table */
-  int op           /* OP_OpenRead or OP_OpenWrite */
-){
-  int i;
-  int iDb;
-  Index *pIdx;
-  Vdbe *v;
-
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  assert( v!=0 );
-  sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, baseCur, iDb, pTab, op);
-  for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
-    KeyInfo *pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
-    assert( pIdx->pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, op, i+baseCur, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
-                      (char*)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-    VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
-  }
-  if( pParse->nTab<baseCur+i ){
-    pParse->nTab = baseCur+i;
-  }
-  return i-1;
-}
-
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-/*
-** The following global variable is incremented whenever the
-** transfer optimization is used.  This is used for testing
-** purposes only - to make sure the transfer optimization really
-** is happening when it is suppose to.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_xferopt_count;
-#endif /* SQLITE_TEST */
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT
-/*
-** Check to collation names to see if they are compatible.
-*/
-static int xferCompatibleCollation(const char *z1, const char *z2){
-  if( z1==0 ){
-    return z2==0;
-  }
-  if( z2==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return sqlite3StrICmp(z1, z2)==0;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Check to see if index pSrc is compatible as a source of data
-** for index pDest in an insert transfer optimization.  The rules
-** for a compatible index:
-**
-**    *   The index is over the same set of columns
-**    *   The same DESC and ASC markings occurs on all columns
-**    *   The same onError processing (OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, etc)
-**    *   The same collating sequence on each column
-*/
-static int xferCompatibleIndex(Index *pDest, Index *pSrc){
-  int i;
-  assert( pDest && pSrc );
-  assert( pDest->pTable!=pSrc->pTable );
-  if( pDest->nColumn!=pSrc->nColumn ){
-    return 0;   /* Different number of columns */
-  }
-  if( pDest->onError!=pSrc->onError ){
-    return 0;   /* Different conflict resolution strategies */
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<pSrc->nColumn; i++){
-    if( pSrc->aiColumn[i]!=pDest->aiColumn[i] ){
-      return 0;   /* Different columns indexed */
-    }
-    if( pSrc->aSortOrder[i]!=pDest->aSortOrder[i] ){
-      return 0;   /* Different sort orders */
-    }
-    if( !xferCompatibleCollation(pSrc->azColl[i],pDest->azColl[i]) ){
-      return 0;   /* Different collating sequences */
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If no test above fails then the indices must be compatible */
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Attempt the transfer optimization on INSERTs of the form
-**
-**     INSERT INTO tab1 SELECT * FROM tab2;
-**
-** This optimization is only attempted if
-**
-**    (1)  tab1 and tab2 have identical schemas including all the
-**         same indices and constraints
-**
-**    (2)  tab1 and tab2 are different tables
-**
-**    (3)  There must be no triggers on tab1
-**
-**    (4)  The result set of the SELECT statement is "*"
-**
-**    (5)  The SELECT statement has no WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY, GROUP BY,
-**         or LIMIT clause.
-**
-**    (6)  The SELECT statement is a simple (not a compound) select that
-**         contains only tab2 in its FROM clause
-**
-** This method for implementing the INSERT transfers raw records from
-** tab2 over to tab1.  The columns are not decoded.  Raw records from
-** the indices of tab2 are transfered to tab1 as well.  In so doing,
-** the resulting tab1 has much less fragmentation.
-**
-** This routine returns TRUE if the optimization is attempted.  If any
-** of the conditions above fail so that the optimization should not
-** be attempted, then this routine returns FALSE.
-*/
-static int xferOptimization(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parser context */
-  Table *pDest,         /* The table we are inserting into */
-  Select *pSelect,      /* A SELECT statement to use as the data source */
-  int onError,          /* How to handle constraint errors */
-  int iDbDest           /* The database of pDest */
-){
-  ExprList *pEList;                /* The result set of the SELECT */
-  Table *pSrc;                     /* The table in the FROM clause of SELECT */
-  Index *pSrcIdx, *pDestIdx;       /* Source and destination indices */
-  struct SrcList_item *pItem;      /* An element of pSelect->pSrc */
-  int i;                           /* Loop counter */
-  int iDbSrc;                      /* The database of pSrc */
-  int iSrc, iDest;                 /* Cursors from source and destination */
-  int addr1, addr2;                /* Loop addresses */
-  int emptyDestTest;               /* Address of test for empty pDest */
-  int emptySrcTest;                /* Address of test for empty pSrc */
-  Vdbe *v;                         /* The VDBE we are building */
-  KeyInfo *pKey;                   /* Key information for an index */
-  int regAutoinc;                  /* Memory register used by AUTOINC */
-  int destHasUniqueIdx = 0;        /* True if pDest has a UNIQUE index */
-  int regData, regRowid;           /* Registers holding data and rowid */
-
-  if( pSelect==0 ){
-    return 0;   /* Must be of the form  INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... */
-  }
-  if( sqlite3TriggerList(pParse, pDest) ){
-    return 0;   /* tab1 must not have triggers */
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if( pDest->tabFlags & TF_Virtual ){
-    return 0;   /* tab1 must not be a virtual table */
-  }
-#endif
-  if( onError==OE_Default ){
-    onError = OE_Abort;
-  }
-  if( onError!=OE_Abort && onError!=OE_Rollback ){
-    return 0;   /* Cannot do OR REPLACE or OR IGNORE or OR FAIL */
-  }
-  assert(pSelect->pSrc);   /* allocated even if there is no FROM clause */
-  if( pSelect->pSrc->nSrc!=1 ){
-    return 0;   /* FROM clause must have exactly one term */
-  }
-  if( pSelect->pSrc->a[0].pSelect ){
-    return 0;   /* FROM clause cannot contain a subquery */
-  }
-  if( pSelect->pWhere ){
-    return 0;   /* SELECT may not have a WHERE clause */
-  }
-  if( pSelect->pOrderBy ){
-    return 0;   /* SELECT may not have an ORDER BY clause */
-  }
-  /* Do not need to test for a HAVING clause.  If HAVING is present but
-  ** there is no ORDER BY, we will get an error. */
-  if( pSelect->pGroupBy ){
-    return 0;   /* SELECT may not have a GROUP BY clause */
-  }
-  if( pSelect->pLimit ){
-    return 0;   /* SELECT may not have a LIMIT clause */
-  }
-  assert( pSelect->pOffset==0 );  /* Must be so if pLimit==0 */
-  if( pSelect->pPrior ){
-    return 0;   /* SELECT may not be a compound query */
-  }
-  if( pSelect->selFlags & SF_Distinct ){
-    return 0;   /* SELECT may not be DISTINCT */
-  }
-  pEList = pSelect->pEList;
-  assert( pEList!=0 );
-  if( pEList->nExpr!=1 ){
-    return 0;   /* The result set must have exactly one column */
-  }
-  assert( pEList->a[0].pExpr );
-  if( pEList->a[0].pExpr->op!=TK_ALL ){
-    return 0;   /* The result set must be the special operator "*" */
-  }
-
-  /* At this point we have established that the statement is of the
-  ** correct syntactic form to participate in this optimization.  Now
-  ** we have to check the semantics.
-  */
-  pItem = pSelect->pSrc->a;
-  pSrc = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, pItem->zName, pItem->zDatabase);
-  if( pSrc==0 ){
-    return 0;   /* FROM clause does not contain a real table */
-  }
-  if( pSrc==pDest ){
-    return 0;   /* tab1 and tab2 may not be the same table */
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if( pSrc->tabFlags & TF_Virtual ){
-    return 0;   /* tab2 must not be a virtual table */
-  }
-#endif
-  if( pSrc->pSelect ){
-    return 0;   /* tab2 may not be a view */
-  }
-  if( pDest->nCol!=pSrc->nCol ){
-    return 0;   /* Number of columns must be the same in tab1 and tab2 */
-  }
-  if( pDest->iPKey!=pSrc->iPKey ){
-    return 0;   /* Both tables must have the same INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<pDest->nCol; i++){
-    if( pDest->aCol[i].affinity!=pSrc->aCol[i].affinity ){
-      return 0;    /* Affinity must be the same on all columns */
-    }
-    if( !xferCompatibleCollation(pDest->aCol[i].zColl, pSrc->aCol[i].zColl) ){
-      return 0;    /* Collating sequence must be the same on all columns */
-    }
-    if( pDest->aCol[i].notNull && !pSrc->aCol[i].notNull ){
-      return 0;    /* tab2 must be NOT NULL if tab1 is */
-    }
-  }
-  for(pDestIdx=pDest->pIndex; pDestIdx; pDestIdx=pDestIdx->pNext){
-    if( pDestIdx->onError!=OE_None ){
-      destHasUniqueIdx = 1;
-    }
-    for(pSrcIdx=pSrc->pIndex; pSrcIdx; pSrcIdx=pSrcIdx->pNext){
-      if( xferCompatibleIndex(pDestIdx, pSrcIdx) ) break;
-    }
-    if( pSrcIdx==0 ){
-      return 0;    /* pDestIdx has no corresponding index in pSrc */
-    }
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-  if( pDest->pCheck && sqlite3ExprCompare(pSrc->pCheck, pDest->pCheck) ){
-    return 0;   /* Tables have different CHECK constraints.  Ticket #2252 */
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* If we get this far, it means either:
-  **
-  **    *   We can always do the transfer if the table contains an
-  **        an integer primary key
-  **
-  **    *   We can conditionally do the transfer if the destination
-  **        table is empty.
-  */
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  sqlite3_xferopt_count++;
-#endif
-  iDbSrc = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pSrc->pSchema);
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDbSrc);
-  iSrc = pParse->nTab++;
-  iDest = pParse->nTab++;
-  regAutoinc = autoIncBegin(pParse, iDbDest, pDest);
-  sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iDest, iDbDest, pDest, OP_OpenWrite);
-  if( (pDest->iPKey<0 && pDest->pIndex!=0) || destHasUniqueIdx ){
-    /* If tables do not have an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY and there
-    ** are indices to be copied and the destination is not empty,
-    ** we have to disallow the transfer optimization because the
-    ** the rowids might change which will mess up indexing.
-    **
-    ** Or if the destination has a UNIQUE index and is not empty,
-    ** we also disallow the transfer optimization because we cannot
-    ** insure that all entries in the union of DEST and SRC will be
-    ** unique.
-    */
-    addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iDest, 0);
-    emptyDestTest = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
-  }else{
-    emptyDestTest = 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iSrc, iDbSrc, pSrc, OP_OpenRead);
-  emptySrcTest = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iSrc, 0);
-  regData = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  if( pDest->iPKey>=0 ){
-    addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iSrc, regRowid);
-    addr2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iDest, 0, regRowid);
-    sqlite3HaltConstraint(
-        pParse, onError, "PRIMARY KEY must be unique", P4_STATIC);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr2);
-    autoIncStep(pParse, regAutoinc, regRowid);
-  }else if( pDest->pIndex==0 ){
-    addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iDest, regRowid);
-  }else{
-    addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iSrc, regRowid);
-    assert( (pDest->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement)==0 );
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, iSrc, regData);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iDest, regData, regRowid);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_NCHANGE|OPFLAG_LASTROWID|OPFLAG_APPEND);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, pDest->zName, 0);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iSrc, addr1);
-  for(pDestIdx=pDest->pIndex; pDestIdx; pDestIdx=pDestIdx->pNext){
-    for(pSrcIdx=pSrc->pIndex; ALWAYS(pSrcIdx); pSrcIdx=pSrcIdx->pNext){
-      if( xferCompatibleIndex(pDestIdx, pSrcIdx) ) break;
-    }
-    assert( pSrcIdx );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iSrc, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iDest, 0);
-    pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pSrcIdx);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenRead, iSrc, pSrcIdx->tnum, iDbSrc,
-                      (char*)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-    VdbeComment((v, "%s", pSrcIdx->zName));
-    pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pDestIdx);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenWrite, iDest, pDestIdx->tnum, iDbDest,
-                      (char*)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-    VdbeComment((v, "%s", pDestIdx->zName));
-    addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iSrc, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowKey, iSrc, regData);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IdxInsert, iDest, regData, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iSrc, addr1+1);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, emptySrcTest);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regData);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iSrc, 0);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iDest, 0);
-  if( emptyDestTest ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_OK, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, emptyDestTest);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iDest, 0);
-    return 0;
-  }else{
-    return 1;
-  }
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT */
-
-/************** End of insert.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file legacy.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** Main file for the SQLite library.  The routines in this file
-** implement the programmer interface to the library.  Routines in
-** other files are for internal use by SQLite and should not be
-** accessed by users of the library.
-*/
-
-
-/*
-** Execute SQL code.  Return one of the SQLITE_ success/failure
-** codes.  Also write an error message into memory obtained from
-** malloc() and make *pzErrMsg point to that message.
-**
-** If the SQL is a query, then for each row in the query result
-** the xCallback() function is called.  pArg becomes the first
-** argument to xCallback().  If xCallback=NULL then no callback
-** is invoked, even for queries.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
-  sqlite3 *db,                /* The database on which the SQL executes */
-  const char *zSql,           /* The SQL to be executed */
-  sqlite3_callback xCallback, /* Invoke this callback routine */
-  void *pArg,                 /* First argument to xCallback() */
-  char **pzErrMsg             /* Write error messages here */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;         /* Return code */
-  const char *zLeftover;      /* Tail of unprocessed SQL */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;    /* The current SQL statement */
-  char **azCols = 0;          /* Names of result columns */
-  int nRetry = 0;             /* Number of retry attempts */
-  int callbackIsInit;         /* True if callback data is initialized */
-
-  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  if( zSql==0 ) zSql = "";
-
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK, 0);
-  while( (rc==SQLITE_OK || (rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA && (++nRetry)<2)) && zSql[0] ){
-    int nCol;
-    char **azVals = 0;
-
-    pStmt = 0;
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, &zLeftover);
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pStmt==0 );
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      continue;
-    }
-    if( !pStmt ){
-      /* this happens for a comment or white-space */
-      zSql = zLeftover;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    callbackIsInit = 0;
-    nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
-
-    while( 1 ){
-      int i;
-      rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-
-      /* Invoke the callback function if required */
-      if( xCallback && (SQLITE_ROW==rc || 
-          (SQLITE_DONE==rc && !callbackIsInit
-                           && db->flags&SQLITE_NullCallback)) ){
-        if( !callbackIsInit ){
-          azCols = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 2*nCol*sizeof(const char*) + 1);
-          if( azCols==0 ){
-            goto exec_out;
-          }
-          for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-            azCols[i] = (char *)sqlite3_column_name(pStmt, i);
-            /* sqlite3VdbeSetColName() installs column names as UTF8
-            ** strings so there is no way for sqlite3_column_name() to fail. */
-            assert( azCols[i]!=0 );
-          }
-          callbackIsInit = 1;
-        }
-        if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
-          azVals = &azCols[nCol];
-          for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-            azVals[i] = (char *)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, i);
-            if( !azVals[i] && sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, i)!=SQLITE_NULL ){
-              db->mallocFailed = 1;
-              goto exec_out;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        if( xCallback(pArg, nCol, azVals, azCols) ){
-          rc = SQLITE_ABORT;
-          sqlite3VdbeFinalize((Vdbe *)pStmt);
-          pStmt = 0;
-          sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_ABORT, 0);
-          goto exec_out;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
-        rc = sqlite3VdbeFinalize((Vdbe *)pStmt);
-        pStmt = 0;
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_SCHEMA ){
-          nRetry = 0;
-          zSql = zLeftover;
-          while( sqlite3Isspace(zSql[0]) ) zSql++;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, azCols);
-    azCols = 0;
-  }
-
-exec_out:
-  if( pStmt ) sqlite3VdbeFinalize((Vdbe *)pStmt);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, azCols);
-
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && ALWAYS(rc==sqlite3_errcode(db)) && pzErrMsg ){
-    int nErrMsg = 1 + sqlite3Strlen30(sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-    *pzErrMsg = sqlite3Malloc(nErrMsg);
-    if( *pzErrMsg ){
-      memcpy(*pzErrMsg, sqlite3_errmsg(db), nErrMsg);
-    }else{
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_NOMEM, 0);
-    }
-  }else if( pzErrMsg ){
-    *pzErrMsg = 0;
-  }
-
-  assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/************** End of legacy.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file loadext.c *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2006 June 7
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code used to dynamically load extensions into
-** the SQLite library.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
-  #define SQLITE_CORE 1  /* Disable the API redefinition in sqlite3ext.h */
-#endif
-/************** Include sqlite3ext.h in the middle of loadext.c **************/
-/************** Begin file sqlite3ext.h **************************************/
-/*
-** 2006 June 7
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This header file defines the SQLite interface for use by
-** shared libraries that want to be imported as extensions into
-** an SQLite instance.  Shared libraries that intend to be loaded
-** as extensions by SQLite should #include this file instead of 
-** sqlite3.h.
-*/
-#ifndef _SQLITE3EXT_H_
-#define _SQLITE3EXT_H_
-
-typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
-
-/*
-** The following structure holds pointers to all of the SQLite API
-** routines.
-**
-** WARNING:  In order to maintain backwards compatibility, add new
-** interfaces to the end of this structure only.  If you insert new
-** interfaces in the middle of this structure, then older different
-** versions of SQLite will not be able to load each others' shared
-** libraries!
-*/
-struct sqlite3_api_routines {
-  void * (*aggregate_context)(sqlite3_context*,int nBytes);
-  int  (*aggregate_count)(sqlite3_context*);
-  int  (*bind_blob)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const void*,int n,void(*)(void*));
-  int  (*bind_double)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,double);
-  int  (*bind_int)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,int);
-  int  (*bind_int64)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,sqlite_int64);
-  int  (*bind_null)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  int  (*bind_parameter_count)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  int  (*bind_parameter_index)(sqlite3_stmt*,const char*zName);
-  const char * (*bind_parameter_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  int  (*bind_text)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int n,void(*)(void*));
-  int  (*bind_text16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  int  (*bind_value)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*busy_handler)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
-  int  (*busy_timeout)(sqlite3*,int ms);
-  int  (*changes)(sqlite3*);
-  int  (*close)(sqlite3*);
-  int  (*collation_needed)(sqlite3*,void*,void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*));
-  int  (*collation_needed16)(sqlite3*,void*,void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*));
-  const void * (*column_blob)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  int  (*column_bytes)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  int  (*column_bytes16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  int  (*column_count)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
-  const char * (*column_database_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const void * (*column_database_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const char * (*column_decltype)(sqlite3_stmt*,int i);
-  const void * (*column_decltype16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  double  (*column_double)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  int  (*column_int)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  sqlite_int64  (*column_int64)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  const char * (*column_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const void * (*column_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const char * (*column_origin_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const void * (*column_origin_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const char * (*column_table_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const void * (*column_table_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const unsigned char * (*column_text)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  const void * (*column_text16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  int  (*column_type)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  sqlite3_value* (*column_value)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  void * (*commit_hook)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*),void*);
-  int  (*complete)(const char*sql);
-  int  (*complete16)(const void*sql);
-  int  (*create_collation)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,void*,int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*));
-  int  (*create_collation16)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,void*,int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*));
-  int  (*create_function)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,void*,void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*));
-  int  (*create_function16)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,int,void*,void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*));
-  int (*create_module)(sqlite3*,const char*,const sqlite3_module*,void*);
-  int  (*data_count)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
-  sqlite3 * (*db_handle)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  int (*declare_vtab)(sqlite3*,const char*);
-  int  (*enable_shared_cache)(int);
-  int  (*errcode)(sqlite3*db);
-  const char * (*errmsg)(sqlite3*);
-  const void * (*errmsg16)(sqlite3*);
-  int  (*exec)(sqlite3*,const char*,sqlite3_callback,void*,char**);
-  int  (*expired)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  int  (*finalize)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
-  void  (*free)(void*);
-  void  (*free_table)(char**result);
-  int  (*get_autocommit)(sqlite3*);
-  void * (*get_auxdata)(sqlite3_context*,int);
-  int  (*get_table)(sqlite3*,const char*,char***,int*,int*,char**);
-  int  (*global_recover)(void);
-  void  (*interruptx)(sqlite3*);
-  sqlite_int64  (*last_insert_rowid)(sqlite3*);
-  const char * (*libversion)(void);
-  int  (*libversion_number)(void);
-  void *(*malloc)(int);
-  char * (*mprintf)(const char*,...);
-  int  (*open)(const char*,sqlite3**);
-  int  (*open16)(const void*,sqlite3**);
-  int  (*prepare)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const char**);
-  int  (*prepare16)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const void**);
-  void * (*profile)(sqlite3*,void(*)(void*,const char*,sqlite_uint64),void*);
-  void  (*progress_handler)(sqlite3*,int,int(*)(void*),void*);
-  void *(*realloc)(void*,int);
-  int  (*reset)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
-  void  (*result_blob)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  void  (*result_double)(sqlite3_context*,double);
-  void  (*result_error)(sqlite3_context*,const char*,int);
-  void  (*result_error16)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int);
-  void  (*result_int)(sqlite3_context*,int);
-  void  (*result_int64)(sqlite3_context*,sqlite_int64);
-  void  (*result_null)(sqlite3_context*);
-  void  (*result_text)(sqlite3_context*,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  void  (*result_text16)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  void  (*result_text16be)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  void  (*result_text16le)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  void  (*result_value)(sqlite3_context*,sqlite3_value*);
-  void * (*rollback_hook)(sqlite3*,void(*)(void*),void*);
-  int  (*set_authorizer)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),void*);
-  void  (*set_auxdata)(sqlite3_context*,int,void*,void (*)(void*));
-  char * (*snprintf)(int,char*,const char*,...);
-  int  (*step)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  int  (*table_column_metadata)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,const char*,char const**,char const**,int*,int*,int*);
-  void  (*thread_cleanup)(void);
-  int  (*total_changes)(sqlite3*);
-  void * (*trace)(sqlite3*,void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*),void*);
-  int  (*transfer_bindings)(sqlite3_stmt*,sqlite3_stmt*);
-  void * (*update_hook)(sqlite3*,void(*)(void*,int ,char const*,char const*,sqlite_int64),void*);
-  void * (*user_data)(sqlite3_context*);
-  const void * (*value_blob)(sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*value_bytes)(sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*value_bytes16)(sqlite3_value*);
-  double  (*value_double)(sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*value_int)(sqlite3_value*);
-  sqlite_int64  (*value_int64)(sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*value_numeric_type)(sqlite3_value*);
-  const unsigned char * (*value_text)(sqlite3_value*);
-  const void * (*value_text16)(sqlite3_value*);
-  const void * (*value_text16be)(sqlite3_value*);
-  const void * (*value_text16le)(sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*value_type)(sqlite3_value*);
-  char *(*vmprintf)(const char*,va_list);
-  /* Added ??? */
-  int (*overload_function)(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
-  /* Added by 3.3.13 */
-  int (*prepare_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const char**);
-  int (*prepare16_v2)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const void**);
-  int (*clear_bindings)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  /* Added by 3.4.1 */
-  int (*create_module_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,const sqlite3_module*,void*,void (*xDestroy)(void *));
-  /* Added by 3.5.0 */
-  int (*bind_zeroblob)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,int);
-  int (*blob_bytes)(sqlite3_blob*);
-  int (*blob_close)(sqlite3_blob*);
-  int (*blob_open)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,const char*,sqlite3_int64,int,sqlite3_blob**);
-  int (*blob_read)(sqlite3_blob*,void*,int,int);
-  int (*blob_write)(sqlite3_blob*,const void*,int,int);
-  int (*create_collation_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,void*,int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),void(*)(void*));
-  int (*file_control)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,void*);
-  sqlite3_int64 (*memory_highwater)(int);
-  sqlite3_int64 (*memory_used)(void);
-  sqlite3_mutex *(*mutex_alloc)(int);
-  void (*mutex_enter)(sqlite3_mutex*);
-  void (*mutex_free)(sqlite3_mutex*);
-  void (*mutex_leave)(sqlite3_mutex*);
-  int (*mutex_try)(sqlite3_mutex*);
-  int (*open_v2)(const char*,sqlite3**,int,const char*);
-  int (*release_memory)(int);
-  void (*result_error_nomem)(sqlite3_context*);
-  void (*result_error_toobig)(sqlite3_context*);
-  int (*sleep)(int);
-  void (*soft_heap_limit)(int);
-  sqlite3_vfs *(*vfs_find)(const char*);
-  int (*vfs_register)(sqlite3_vfs*,int);
-  int (*vfs_unregister)(sqlite3_vfs*);
-  int (*xthreadsafe)(void);
-  void (*result_zeroblob)(sqlite3_context*,int);
-  void (*result_error_code)(sqlite3_context*,int);
-  int (*test_control)(int, ...);
-  void (*randomness)(int,void*);
-  sqlite3 *(*context_db_handle)(sqlite3_context*);
-  int (*extended_result_codes)(sqlite3*,int);
-  int (*limit)(sqlite3*,int,int);
-  sqlite3_stmt *(*next_stmt)(sqlite3*,sqlite3_stmt*);
-  const char *(*sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  int (*status)(int,int*,int*,int);
-};
-
-/*
-** The following macros redefine the API routines so that they are
-** redirected throught the global sqlite3_api structure.
-**
-** This header file is also used by the loadext.c source file
-** (part of the main SQLite library - not an extension) so that
-** it can get access to the sqlite3_api_routines structure
-** definition.  But the main library does not want to redefine
-** the API.  So the redefinition macros are only valid if the
-** SQLITE_CORE macros is undefined.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
-#define sqlite3_aggregate_context      sqlite3_api->aggregate_context
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-#define sqlite3_aggregate_count        sqlite3_api->aggregate_count
-#endif
-#define sqlite3_bind_blob              sqlite3_api->bind_blob
-#define sqlite3_bind_double            sqlite3_api->bind_double
-#define sqlite3_bind_int               sqlite3_api->bind_int
-#define sqlite3_bind_int64             sqlite3_api->bind_int64
-#define sqlite3_bind_null              sqlite3_api->bind_null
-#define sqlite3_bind_parameter_count   sqlite3_api->bind_parameter_count
-#define sqlite3_bind_parameter_index   sqlite3_api->bind_parameter_index
-#define sqlite3_bind_parameter_name    sqlite3_api->bind_parameter_name
-#define sqlite3_bind_text              sqlite3_api->bind_text
-#define sqlite3_bind_text16            sqlite3_api->bind_text16
-#define sqlite3_bind_value             sqlite3_api->bind_value
-#define sqlite3_busy_handler           sqlite3_api->busy_handler
-#define sqlite3_busy_timeout           sqlite3_api->busy_timeout
-#define sqlite3_changes                sqlite3_api->changes
-#define sqlite3_close                  sqlite3_api->close
-#define sqlite3_collation_needed       sqlite3_api->collation_needed
-#define sqlite3_collation_needed16     sqlite3_api->collation_needed16
-#define sqlite3_column_blob            sqlite3_api->column_blob
-#define sqlite3_column_bytes           sqlite3_api->column_bytes
-#define sqlite3_column_bytes16         sqlite3_api->column_bytes16
-#define sqlite3_column_count           sqlite3_api->column_count
-#define sqlite3_column_database_name   sqlite3_api->column_database_name
-#define sqlite3_column_database_name16 sqlite3_api->column_database_name16
-#define sqlite3_column_decltype        sqlite3_api->column_decltype
-#define sqlite3_column_decltype16      sqlite3_api->column_decltype16
-#define sqlite3_column_double          sqlite3_api->column_double
-#define sqlite3_column_int             sqlite3_api->column_int
-#define sqlite3_column_int64           sqlite3_api->column_int64
-#define sqlite3_column_name            sqlite3_api->column_name
-#define sqlite3_column_name16          sqlite3_api->column_name16
-#define sqlite3_column_origin_name     sqlite3_api->column_origin_name
-#define sqlite3_column_origin_name16   sqlite3_api->column_origin_name16
-#define sqlite3_column_table_name      sqlite3_api->column_table_name
-#define sqlite3_column_table_name16    sqlite3_api->column_table_name16
-#define sqlite3_column_text            sqlite3_api->column_text
-#define sqlite3_column_text16          sqlite3_api->column_text16
-#define sqlite3_column_type            sqlite3_api->column_type
-#define sqlite3_column_value           sqlite3_api->column_value
-#define sqlite3_commit_hook            sqlite3_api->commit_hook
-#define sqlite3_complete               sqlite3_api->complete
-#define sqlite3_complete16             sqlite3_api->complete16
-#define sqlite3_create_collation       sqlite3_api->create_collation
-#define sqlite3_create_collation16     sqlite3_api->create_collation16
-#define sqlite3_create_function        sqlite3_api->create_function
-#define sqlite3_create_function16      sqlite3_api->create_function16
-#define sqlite3_create_module          sqlite3_api->create_module
-#define sqlite3_create_module_v2       sqlite3_api->create_module_v2
-#define sqlite3_data_count             sqlite3_api->data_count
-#define sqlite3_db_handle              sqlite3_api->db_handle
-#define sqlite3_declare_vtab           sqlite3_api->declare_vtab
-#define sqlite3_enable_shared_cache    sqlite3_api->enable_shared_cache
-#define sqlite3_errcode                sqlite3_api->errcode
-#define sqlite3_errmsg                 sqlite3_api->errmsg
-#define sqlite3_errmsg16               sqlite3_api->errmsg16
-#define sqlite3_exec                   sqlite3_api->exec
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-#define sqlite3_expired                sqlite3_api->expired
-#endif
-#define sqlite3_finalize               sqlite3_api->finalize
-#define sqlite3_free                   sqlite3_api->free
-#define sqlite3_free_table             sqlite3_api->free_table
-#define sqlite3_get_autocommit         sqlite3_api->get_autocommit
-#define sqlite3_get_auxdata            sqlite3_api->get_auxdata
-#define sqlite3_get_table              sqlite3_api->get_table
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-#define sqlite3_global_recover         sqlite3_api->global_recover
-#endif
-#define sqlite3_interrupt              sqlite3_api->interruptx
-#define sqlite3_last_insert_rowid      sqlite3_api->last_insert_rowid
-#define sqlite3_libversion             sqlite3_api->libversion
-#define sqlite3_libversion_number      sqlite3_api->libversion_number
-#define sqlite3_malloc                 sqlite3_api->malloc
-#define sqlite3_mprintf                sqlite3_api->mprintf
-#define sqlite3_open                   sqlite3_api->open
-#define sqlite3_open16                 sqlite3_api->open16
-#define sqlite3_prepare                sqlite3_api->prepare
-#define sqlite3_prepare16              sqlite3_api->prepare16
-#define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
-#define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
-#define sqlite3_profile                sqlite3_api->profile
-#define sqlite3_progress_handler       sqlite3_api->progress_handler
-#define sqlite3_realloc                sqlite3_api->realloc
-#define sqlite3_reset                  sqlite3_api->reset
-#define sqlite3_result_blob            sqlite3_api->result_blob
-#define sqlite3_result_double          sqlite3_api->result_double
-#define sqlite3_result_error           sqlite3_api->result_error
-#define sqlite3_result_error16         sqlite3_api->result_error16
-#define sqlite3_result_int             sqlite3_api->result_int
-#define sqlite3_result_int64           sqlite3_api->result_int64
-#define sqlite3_result_null            sqlite3_api->result_null
-#define sqlite3_result_text            sqlite3_api->result_text
-#define sqlite3_result_text16          sqlite3_api->result_text16
-#define sqlite3_result_text16be        sqlite3_api->result_text16be
-#define sqlite3_result_text16le        sqlite3_api->result_text16le
-#define sqlite3_result_value           sqlite3_api->result_value
-#define sqlite3_rollback_hook          sqlite3_api->rollback_hook
-#define sqlite3_set_authorizer         sqlite3_api->set_authorizer
-#define sqlite3_set_auxdata            sqlite3_api->set_auxdata
-#define sqlite3_snprintf               sqlite3_api->snprintf
-#define sqlite3_step                   sqlite3_api->step
-#define sqlite3_table_column_metadata  sqlite3_api->table_column_metadata
-#define sqlite3_thread_cleanup         sqlite3_api->thread_cleanup
-#define sqlite3_total_changes          sqlite3_api->total_changes
-#define sqlite3_trace                  sqlite3_api->trace
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-#define sqlite3_transfer_bindings      sqlite3_api->transfer_bindings
-#endif
-#define sqlite3_update_hook            sqlite3_api->update_hook
-#define sqlite3_user_data              sqlite3_api->user_data
-#define sqlite3_value_blob             sqlite3_api->value_blob
-#define sqlite3_value_bytes            sqlite3_api->value_bytes
-#define sqlite3_value_bytes16          sqlite3_api->value_bytes16
-#define sqlite3_value_double           sqlite3_api->value_double
-#define sqlite3_value_int              sqlite3_api->value_int
-#define sqlite3_value_int64            sqlite3_api->value_int64
-#define sqlite3_value_numeric_type     sqlite3_api->value_numeric_type
-#define sqlite3_value_text             sqlite3_api->value_text
-#define sqlite3_value_text16           sqlite3_api->value_text16
-#define sqlite3_value_text16be         sqlite3_api->value_text16be
-#define sqlite3_value_text16le         sqlite3_api->value_text16le
-#define sqlite3_value_type             sqlite3_api->value_type
-#define sqlite3_vmprintf               sqlite3_api->vmprintf
-#define sqlite3_overload_function      sqlite3_api->overload_function
-#define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
-#define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
-#define sqlite3_clear_bindings         sqlite3_api->clear_bindings
-#define sqlite3_bind_zeroblob          sqlite3_api->bind_zeroblob
-#define sqlite3_blob_bytes             sqlite3_api->blob_bytes
-#define sqlite3_blob_close             sqlite3_api->blob_close
-#define sqlite3_blob_open              sqlite3_api->blob_open
-#define sqlite3_blob_read              sqlite3_api->blob_read
-#define sqlite3_blob_write             sqlite3_api->blob_write
-#define sqlite3_create_collation_v2    sqlite3_api->create_collation_v2
-#define sqlite3_file_control           sqlite3_api->file_control
-#define sqlite3_memory_highwater       sqlite3_api->memory_highwater
-#define sqlite3_memory_used            sqlite3_api->memory_used
-#define sqlite3_mutex_alloc            sqlite3_api->mutex_alloc
-#define sqlite3_mutex_enter            sqlite3_api->mutex_enter
-#define sqlite3_mutex_free             sqlite3_api->mutex_free
-#define sqlite3_mutex_leave            sqlite3_api->mutex_leave
-#define sqlite3_mutex_try              sqlite3_api->mutex_try
-#define sqlite3_open_v2                sqlite3_api->open_v2
-#define sqlite3_release_memory         sqlite3_api->release_memory
-#define sqlite3_result_error_nomem     sqlite3_api->result_error_nomem
-#define sqlite3_result_error_toobig    sqlite3_api->result_error_toobig
-#define sqlite3_sleep                  sqlite3_api->sleep
-#define sqlite3_soft_heap_limit        sqlite3_api->soft_heap_limit
-#define sqlite3_vfs_find               sqlite3_api->vfs_find
-#define sqlite3_vfs_register           sqlite3_api->vfs_register
-#define sqlite3_vfs_unregister         sqlite3_api->vfs_unregister
-#define sqlite3_threadsafe             sqlite3_api->xthreadsafe
-#define sqlite3_result_zeroblob        sqlite3_api->result_zeroblob
-#define sqlite3_result_error_code      sqlite3_api->result_error_code
-#define sqlite3_test_control           sqlite3_api->test_control
-#define sqlite3_randomness             sqlite3_api->randomness
-#define sqlite3_context_db_handle      sqlite3_api->context_db_handle
-#define sqlite3_extended_result_codes  sqlite3_api->extended_result_codes
-#define sqlite3_limit                  sqlite3_api->limit
-#define sqlite3_next_stmt              sqlite3_api->next_stmt
-#define sqlite3_sql                    sqlite3_api->sql
-#define sqlite3_status                 sqlite3_api->status
-#endif /* SQLITE_CORE */
-
-#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api = 0;
-#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  sqlite3_api = v;
-
-#endif /* _SQLITE3EXT_H_ */
-
-/************** End of sqlite3ext.h ******************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in loadext.c ********************/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-
-/*
-** Some API routines are omitted when various features are
-** excluded from a build of SQLite.  Substitute a NULL pointer
-** for any missing APIs.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
-# define sqlite3_column_database_name   0
-# define sqlite3_column_database_name16 0
-# define sqlite3_column_table_name      0
-# define sqlite3_column_table_name16    0
-# define sqlite3_column_origin_name     0
-# define sqlite3_column_origin_name16   0
-# define sqlite3_table_column_metadata  0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-# define sqlite3_set_authorizer         0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-# define sqlite3_bind_text16            0
-# define sqlite3_collation_needed16     0
-# define sqlite3_column_decltype16      0
-# define sqlite3_column_name16          0
-# define sqlite3_column_text16          0
-# define sqlite3_complete16             0
-# define sqlite3_create_collation16     0
-# define sqlite3_create_function16      0
-# define sqlite3_errmsg16               0
-# define sqlite3_open16                 0
-# define sqlite3_prepare16              0
-# define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           0
-# define sqlite3_result_error16         0
-# define sqlite3_result_text16          0
-# define sqlite3_result_text16be        0
-# define sqlite3_result_text16le        0
-# define sqlite3_value_text16           0
-# define sqlite3_value_text16be         0
-# define sqlite3_value_text16le         0
-# define sqlite3_column_database_name16 0
-# define sqlite3_column_table_name16    0
-# define sqlite3_column_origin_name16   0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE
-# define sqlite3_complete 0
-# define sqlite3_complete16 0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-# define sqlite3_progress_handler 0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-# define sqlite3_create_module 0
-# define sqlite3_create_module_v2 0
-# define sqlite3_declare_vtab 0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-# define sqlite3_enable_shared_cache 0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-# define sqlite3_profile       0
-# define sqlite3_trace         0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GET_TABLE
-# define sqlite3_free_table    0
-# define sqlite3_get_table     0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-#define sqlite3_bind_zeroblob  0
-#define sqlite3_blob_bytes     0
-#define sqlite3_blob_close     0
-#define sqlite3_blob_open      0
-#define sqlite3_blob_read      0
-#define sqlite3_blob_write     0
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The following structure contains pointers to all SQLite API routines.
-** A pointer to this structure is passed into extensions when they are
-** loaded so that the extension can make calls back into the SQLite
-** library.
-**
-** When adding new APIs, add them to the bottom of this structure
-** in order to preserve backwards compatibility.
-**
-** Extensions that use newer APIs should first call the
-** sqlite3_libversion_number() to make sure that the API they
-** intend to use is supported by the library.  Extensions should
-** also check to make sure that the pointer to the function is
-** not NULL before calling it.
-*/
-static const sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3Apis = {
-  sqlite3_aggregate_context,
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-  sqlite3_aggregate_count,
-#else
-  0,
-#endif
-  sqlite3_bind_blob,
-  sqlite3_bind_double,
-  sqlite3_bind_int,
-  sqlite3_bind_int64,
-  sqlite3_bind_null,
-  sqlite3_bind_parameter_count,
-  sqlite3_bind_parameter_index,
-  sqlite3_bind_parameter_name,
-  sqlite3_bind_text,
-  sqlite3_bind_text16,
-  sqlite3_bind_value,
-  sqlite3_busy_handler,
-  sqlite3_busy_timeout,
-  sqlite3_changes,
-  sqlite3_close,
-  sqlite3_collation_needed,
-  sqlite3_collation_needed16,
-  sqlite3_column_blob,
-  sqlite3_column_bytes,
-  sqlite3_column_bytes16,
-  sqlite3_column_count,
-  sqlite3_column_database_name,
-  sqlite3_column_database_name16,
-  sqlite3_column_decltype,
-  sqlite3_column_decltype16,
-  sqlite3_column_double,
-  sqlite3_column_int,
-  sqlite3_column_int64,
-  sqlite3_column_name,
-  sqlite3_column_name16,
-  sqlite3_column_origin_name,
-  sqlite3_column_origin_name16,
-  sqlite3_column_table_name,
-  sqlite3_column_table_name16,
-  sqlite3_column_text,
-  sqlite3_column_text16,
-  sqlite3_column_type,
-  sqlite3_column_value,
-  sqlite3_commit_hook,
-  sqlite3_complete,
-  sqlite3_complete16,
-  sqlite3_create_collation,
-  sqlite3_create_collation16,
-  sqlite3_create_function,
-  sqlite3_create_function16,
-  sqlite3_create_module,
-  sqlite3_data_count,
-  sqlite3_db_handle,
-  sqlite3_declare_vtab,
-  sqlite3_enable_shared_cache,
-  sqlite3_errcode,
-  sqlite3_errmsg,
-  sqlite3_errmsg16,
-  sqlite3_exec,
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-  sqlite3_expired,
-#else
-  0,
-#endif
-  sqlite3_finalize,
-  sqlite3_free,
-  sqlite3_free_table,
-  sqlite3_get_autocommit,
-  sqlite3_get_auxdata,
-  sqlite3_get_table,
-  0,     /* Was sqlite3_global_recover(), but that function is deprecated */
-  sqlite3_interrupt,
-  sqlite3_last_insert_rowid,
-  sqlite3_libversion,
-  sqlite3_libversion_number,
-  sqlite3_malloc,
-  sqlite3_mprintf,
-  sqlite3_open,
-  sqlite3_open16,
-  sqlite3_prepare,
-  sqlite3_prepare16,
-  sqlite3_profile,
-  sqlite3_progress_handler,
-  sqlite3_realloc,
-  sqlite3_reset,
-  sqlite3_result_blob,
-  sqlite3_result_double,
-  sqlite3_result_error,
-  sqlite3_result_error16,
-  sqlite3_result_int,
-  sqlite3_result_int64,
-  sqlite3_result_null,
-  sqlite3_result_text,
-  sqlite3_result_text16,
-  sqlite3_result_text16be,
-  sqlite3_result_text16le,
-  sqlite3_result_value,
-  sqlite3_rollback_hook,
-  sqlite3_set_authorizer,
-  sqlite3_set_auxdata,
-  sqlite3_snprintf,
-  sqlite3_step,
-  sqlite3_table_column_metadata,
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-  sqlite3_thread_cleanup,
-#else
-  0,
-#endif
-  sqlite3_total_changes,
-  sqlite3_trace,
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-  sqlite3_transfer_bindings,
-#else
-  0,
-#endif
-  sqlite3_update_hook,
-  sqlite3_user_data,
-  sqlite3_value_blob,
-  sqlite3_value_bytes,
-  sqlite3_value_bytes16,
-  sqlite3_value_double,
-  sqlite3_value_int,
-  sqlite3_value_int64,
-  sqlite3_value_numeric_type,
-  sqlite3_value_text,
-  sqlite3_value_text16,
-  sqlite3_value_text16be,
-  sqlite3_value_text16le,
-  sqlite3_value_type,
-  sqlite3_vmprintf,
-  /*
-  ** The original API set ends here.  All extensions can call any
-  ** of the APIs above provided that the pointer is not NULL.  But
-  ** before calling APIs that follow, extension should check the
-  ** sqlite3_libversion_number() to make sure they are dealing with
-  ** a library that is new enough to support that API.
-  *************************************************************************
-  */
-  sqlite3_overload_function,
-
-  /*
-  ** Added after 3.3.13
-  */
-  sqlite3_prepare_v2,
-  sqlite3_prepare16_v2,
-  sqlite3_clear_bindings,
-
-  /*
-  ** Added for 3.4.1
-  */
-  sqlite3_create_module_v2,
-
-  /*
-  ** Added for 3.5.0
-  */
-  sqlite3_bind_zeroblob,
-  sqlite3_blob_bytes,
-  sqlite3_blob_close,
-  sqlite3_blob_open,
-  sqlite3_blob_read,
-  sqlite3_blob_write,
-  sqlite3_create_collation_v2,
-  sqlite3_file_control,
-  sqlite3_memory_highwater,
-  sqlite3_memory_used,
-#ifdef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
-  0, 
-  0, 
-  0,
-  0,
-  0,
-#else
-  sqlite3_mutex_alloc,
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter,
-  sqlite3_mutex_free,
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave,
-  sqlite3_mutex_try,
-#endif
-  sqlite3_open_v2,
-  sqlite3_release_memory,
-  sqlite3_result_error_nomem,
-  sqlite3_result_error_toobig,
-  sqlite3_sleep,
-  sqlite3_soft_heap_limit,
-  sqlite3_vfs_find,
-  sqlite3_vfs_register,
-  sqlite3_vfs_unregister,
-
-  /*
-  ** Added for 3.5.8
-  */
-  sqlite3_threadsafe,
-  sqlite3_result_zeroblob,
-  sqlite3_result_error_code,
-  sqlite3_test_control,
-  sqlite3_randomness,
-  sqlite3_context_db_handle,
-
-  /*
-  ** Added for 3.6.0
-  */
-  sqlite3_extended_result_codes,
-  sqlite3_limit,
-  sqlite3_next_stmt,
-  sqlite3_sql,
-  sqlite3_status,
-};
-
-/*
-** Attempt to load an SQLite extension library contained in the file
-** zFile.  The entry point is zProc.  zProc may be 0 in which case a
-** default entry point name (sqlite3_extension_init) is used.  Use
-** of the default name is recommended.
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK on success and SQLITE_ERROR if something goes wrong.
-**
-** If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then fill *pzErrMsg with 
-** error message text.  The calling function should free this memory
-** by calling sqlite3DbFree(db, ).
-*/
-static int sqlite3LoadExtension(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
-  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
-  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Use "sqlite3_extension_init" if 0 */
-  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
-){
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = db->pVfs;
-  void *handle;
-  int (*xInit)(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
-  char *zErrmsg = 0;
-  void **aHandle;
-  const int nMsg = 300;
-
-  if( pzErrMsg ) *pzErrMsg = 0;
-
-  /* Ticket #1863.  To avoid a creating security problems for older
-  ** applications that relink against newer versions of SQLite, the
-  ** ability to run load_extension is turned off by default.  One
-  ** must call sqlite3_enable_load_extension() to turn on extension
-  ** loading.  Otherwise you get the following error.
-  */
-  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_LoadExtension)==0 ){
-    if( pzErrMsg ){
-      *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("not authorized");
-    }
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  if( zProc==0 ){
-    zProc = "sqlite3_extension_init";
-  }
-
-  handle = sqlite3OsDlOpen(pVfs, zFile);
-  if( handle==0 ){
-    if( pzErrMsg ){
-      zErrmsg = sqlite3StackAllocZero(db, nMsg);
-      if( zErrmsg ){
-        sqlite3_snprintf(nMsg, zErrmsg, 
-            "unable to open shared library [%s]", zFile);
-        sqlite3OsDlError(pVfs, nMsg-1, zErrmsg);
-        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, zErrmsg);
-        sqlite3StackFree(db, zErrmsg);
-      }
-    }
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  xInit = (int(*)(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*))
-                   sqlite3OsDlSym(pVfs, handle, zProc);
-  if( xInit==0 ){
-    if( pzErrMsg ){
-      zErrmsg = sqlite3StackAllocZero(db, nMsg);
-      if( zErrmsg ){
-        sqlite3_snprintf(nMsg, zErrmsg,
-            "no entry point [%s] in shared library [%s]", zProc,zFile);
-        sqlite3OsDlError(pVfs, nMsg-1, zErrmsg);
-        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, zErrmsg);
-        sqlite3StackFree(db, zErrmsg);
-      }
-      sqlite3OsDlClose(pVfs, handle);
-    }
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }else if( xInit(db, &zErrmsg, &sqlite3Apis) ){
-    if( pzErrMsg ){
-      *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("error during initialization: %s", zErrmsg);
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(zErrmsg);
-    sqlite3OsDlClose(pVfs, handle);
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  /* Append the new shared library handle to the db->aExtension array. */
-  aHandle = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(handle)*(db->nExtension+1));
-  if( aHandle==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  if( db->nExtension>0 ){
-    memcpy(aHandle, db->aExtension, sizeof(handle)*db->nExtension);
-  }
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, db->aExtension);
-  db->aExtension = aHandle;
-
-  db->aExtension[db->nExtension++] = handle;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
-  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
-  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Use "sqlite3_extension_init" if 0 */
-  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
-){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  rc = sqlite3LoadExtension(db, zFile, zProc, pzErrMsg);
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Call this routine when the database connection is closing in order
-** to clean up loaded extensions
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3 *db){
-  int i;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  for(i=0; i<db->nExtension; i++){
-    sqlite3OsDlClose(db->pVfs, db->aExtension[i]);
-  }
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, db->aExtension);
-}
-
-/*
-** Enable or disable extension loading.  Extension loading is disabled by
-** default so as not to open security holes in older applications.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  if( onoff ){
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_LoadExtension;
-  }else{
-    db->flags &= ~SQLITE_LoadExtension;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION */
-
-/*
-** The auto-extension code added regardless of whether or not extension
-** loading is supported.  We need a dummy sqlite3Apis pointer for that
-** code if regular extension loading is not available.  This is that
-** dummy pointer.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-static const sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3Apis = { 0 };
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** The following object holds the list of automatically loaded
-** extensions.
-**
-** This list is shared across threads.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
-** mutex must be held while accessing this list.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3AutoExtList sqlite3AutoExtList;
-static SQLITE_WSD struct sqlite3AutoExtList {
-  int nExt;              /* Number of entries in aExt[] */          
-  void (**aExt)(void);   /* Pointers to the extension init functions */
-} sqlite3Autoext = { 0, 0 };
-
-/* The "wsdAutoext" macro will resolve to the autoextension
-** state vector.  If writable static data is unsupported on the target,
-** we have to locate the state vector at run-time.  In the more common
-** case where writable static data is supported, wsdStat can refer directly
-** to the "sqlite3Autoext" state vector declared above.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
-# define wsdAutoextInit \
-  sqlite3AutoExtList *x = &GLOBAL(sqlite3AutoExtList,sqlite3Autoext)
-# define wsdAutoext x[0]
-#else
-# define wsdAutoextInit
-# define wsdAutoext sqlite3Autoext
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Register a statically linked extension that is automatically
-** loaded by every new database connection.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xInit)(void)){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  rc = sqlite3_initialize();
-  if( rc ){
-    return rc;
-  }else
-#endif
-  {
-    int i;
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-#endif
-    wsdAutoextInit;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-    for(i=0; i<wsdAutoext.nExt; i++){
-      if( wsdAutoext.aExt[i]==xInit ) break;
-    }
-    if( i==wsdAutoext.nExt ){
-      int nByte = (wsdAutoext.nExt+1)*sizeof(wsdAutoext.aExt[0]);
-      void (**aNew)(void);
-      aNew = sqlite3_realloc(wsdAutoext.aExt, nByte);
-      if( aNew==0 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }else{
-        wsdAutoext.aExt = aNew;
-        wsdAutoext.aExt[wsdAutoext.nExt] = xInit;
-        wsdAutoext.nExt++;
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
-    assert( (rc&0xff)==rc );
-    return rc;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Reset the automatic extension loading mechanism.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  if( sqlite3_initialize()==SQLITE_OK )
-#endif
-  {
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-#endif
-    wsdAutoextInit;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-    sqlite3_free(wsdAutoext.aExt);
-    wsdAutoext.aExt = 0;
-    wsdAutoext.nExt = 0;
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Load all automatic extensions.
-**
-** If anything goes wrong, set an error in the database connection.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3 *db){
-  int i;
-  int go = 1;
-  int (*xInit)(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
-
-  wsdAutoextInit;
-  if( wsdAutoext.nExt==0 ){
-    /* Common case: early out without every having to acquire a mutex */
-    return;
-  }
-  for(i=0; go; i++){
-    char *zErrmsg;
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-#endif
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-    if( i>=wsdAutoext.nExt ){
-      xInit = 0;
-      go = 0;
-    }else{
-      xInit = (int(*)(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*))
-              wsdAutoext.aExt[i];
-    }
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
-    zErrmsg = 0;
-    if( xInit && xInit(db, &zErrmsg, &sqlite3Apis) ){
-      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_ERROR,
-            "automatic extension loading failed: %s", zErrmsg);
-      go = 0;
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(zErrmsg);
-  }
-}
-
-/************** End of loadext.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file pragma.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2003 April 6
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code used to implement the PRAGMA command.
-*/
-
-/* Ignore this whole file if pragmas are disabled
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA)
-
-/*
-** Interpret the given string as a safety level.  Return 0 for OFF,
-** 1 for ON or NORMAL and 2 for FULL.  Return 1 for an empty or 
-** unrecognized string argument.
-**
-** Note that the values returned are one less that the values that
-** should be passed into sqlite3BtreeSetSafetyLevel().  The is done
-** to support legacy SQL code.  The safety level used to be boolean
-** and older scripts may have used numbers 0 for OFF and 1 for ON.
-*/
-static u8 getSafetyLevel(const char *z){
-                             /* 123456789 123456789 */
-  static const char zText[] = "onoffalseyestruefull";
-  static const u8 iOffset[] = {0, 1, 2, 4, 9, 12, 16};
-  static const u8 iLength[] = {2, 2, 3, 5, 3, 4, 4};
-  static const u8 iValue[] =  {1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2};
-  int i, n;
-  if( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){
-    return (u8)atoi(z);
-  }
-  n = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(iLength); i++){
-    if( iLength[i]==n && sqlite3StrNICmp(&zText[iOffset[i]],z,n)==0 ){
-      return iValue[i];
-    }
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Interpret the given string as a boolean value.
-*/
-static u8 getBoolean(const char *z){
-  return getSafetyLevel(z)&1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Interpret the given string as a locking mode value.
-*/
-static int getLockingMode(const char *z){
-  if( z ){
-    if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(z, "exclusive") ) return PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE;
-    if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(z, "normal") ) return PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL;
-  }
-  return PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_QUERY;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-/*
-** Interpret the given string as an auto-vacuum mode value.
-**
-** The following strings, "none", "full" and "incremental" are 
-** acceptable, as are their numeric equivalents: 0, 1 and 2 respectively.
-*/
-static int getAutoVacuum(const char *z){
-  int i;
-  if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(z, "none") ) return BTREE_AUTOVACUUM_NONE;
-  if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(z, "full") ) return BTREE_AUTOVACUUM_FULL;
-  if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(z, "incremental") ) return BTREE_AUTOVACUUM_INCR;
-  i = atoi(z);
-  return (u8)((i>=0&&i<=2)?i:0);
-}
-#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-/*
-** Interpret the given string as a temp db location. Return 1 for file
-** backed temporary databases, 2 for the Red-Black tree in memory database
-** and 0 to use the compile-time default.
-*/
-static int getTempStore(const char *z){
-  if( z[0]>='0' && z[0]<='2' ){
-    return z[0] - '0';
-  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "file")==0 ){
-    return 1;
-  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "memory")==0 ){
-    return 2;
-  }else{
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_PAGER_PRAGMAS */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-/*
-** Invalidate temp storage, either when the temp storage is changed
-** from default, or when 'file' and the temp_store_directory has changed
-*/
-static int invalidateTempStorage(Parse *pParse){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  if( db->aDb[1].pBt!=0 ){
-    if( !db->autoCommit || sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(db->aDb[1].pBt) ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "temporary storage cannot be changed "
-        "from within a transaction");
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    sqlite3BtreeClose(db->aDb[1].pBt);
-    db->aDb[1].pBt = 0;
-    sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_PAGER_PRAGMAS */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-/*
-** If the TEMP database is open, close it and mark the database schema
-** as needing reloading.  This must be done when using the SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
-** or DEFAULT_TEMP_STORE pragmas.
-*/
-static int changeTempStorage(Parse *pParse, const char *zStorageType){
-  int ts = getTempStore(zStorageType);
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  if( db->temp_store==ts ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  if( invalidateTempStorage( pParse ) != SQLITE_OK ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  db->temp_store = (u8)ts;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_PAGER_PRAGMAS */
-
-/*
-** Generate code to return a single integer value.
-*/
-static void returnSingleInt(Parse *pParse, const char *zLabel, i64 value){
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  int mem = ++pParse->nMem;
-  i64 *pI64 = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pParse->db, sizeof(value));
-  if( pI64 ){
-    memcpy(pI64, &value, sizeof(value));
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Int64, 0, mem, 0, (char*)pI64, P4_INT64);
-  sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-  sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, zLabel, SQLITE_STATIC);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, mem, 1);
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS
-/*
-** Check to see if zRight and zLeft refer to a pragma that queries
-** or changes one of the flags in db->flags.  Return 1 if so and 0 if not.
-** Also, implement the pragma.
-*/
-static int flagPragma(Parse *pParse, const char *zLeft, const char *zRight){
-  static const struct sPragmaType {
-    const char *zName;  /* Name of the pragma */
-    int mask;           /* Mask for the db->flags value */
-  } aPragma[] = {
-    { "full_column_names",        SQLITE_FullColNames  },
-    { "short_column_names",       SQLITE_ShortColNames },
-    { "count_changes",            SQLITE_CountRows     },
-    { "empty_result_callbacks",   SQLITE_NullCallback  },
-    { "legacy_file_format",       SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt },
-    { "fullfsync",                SQLITE_FullFSync     },
-    { "reverse_unordered_selects", SQLITE_ReverseOrder  },
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    { "sql_trace",                SQLITE_SqlTrace      },
-    { "vdbe_listing",             SQLITE_VdbeListing   },
-    { "vdbe_trace",               SQLITE_VdbeTrace     },
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-    { "ignore_check_constraints", SQLITE_IgnoreChecks  },
-#endif
-    /* The following is VERY experimental */
-    { "writable_schema",          SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_RecoveryMode },
-    { "omit_readlock",            SQLITE_NoReadlock    },
-
-    /* TODO: Maybe it shouldn't be possible to change the ReadUncommitted
-    ** flag if there are any active statements. */
-    { "read_uncommitted",         SQLITE_ReadUncommitted },
-    { "recursive_triggers",       SQLITE_RecTriggers },
-
-    /* This flag may only be set if both foreign-key and trigger support
-    ** are present in the build.  */
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-    { "foreign_keys",             SQLITE_ForeignKeys },
-#endif
-  };
-  int i;
-  const struct sPragmaType *p;
-  for(i=0, p=aPragma; i<ArraySize(aPragma); i++, p++){
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, p->zName)==0 ){
-      sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-      Vdbe *v;
-      v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-      assert( v!=0 );  /* Already allocated by sqlite3Pragma() */
-      if( ALWAYS(v) ){
-        if( zRight==0 ){
-          returnSingleInt(pParse, p->zName, (db->flags & p->mask)!=0 );
-        }else{
-          int mask = p->mask;          /* Mask of bits to set or clear. */
-          if( db->autoCommit==0 ){
-            /* Foreign key support may not be enabled or disabled while not
-            ** in auto-commit mode.  */
-            mask &= ~(SQLITE_ForeignKeys);
-          }
-
-          if( getBoolean(zRight) ){
-            db->flags |= mask;
-          }else{
-            db->flags &= ~mask;
-          }
-
-          /* Many of the flag-pragmas modify the code generated by the SQL 
-          ** compiler (eg. count_changes). So add an opcode to expire all
-          ** compiled SQL statements after modifying a pragma value.
-          */
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Expire, 0, 0);
-        }
-      }
-
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS */
-
-/*
-** Return a human-readable name for a constraint resolution action.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-static const char *actionName(u8 action){
-  const char *zName;
-  switch( action ){
-    case OE_SetNull:  zName = "SET NULL";        break;
-    case OE_SetDflt:  zName = "SET DEFAULT";     break;
-    case OE_Cascade:  zName = "CASCADE";         break;
-    case OE_Restrict: zName = "RESTRICT";        break;
-    default:          zName = "NO ACTION";  
-                      assert( action==OE_None ); break;
-  }
-  return zName;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Process a pragma statement.  
-**
-** Pragmas are of this form:
-**
-**      PRAGMA [database.]id [= value]
-**
-** The identifier might also be a string.  The value is a string, and
-** identifier, or a number.  If minusFlag is true, then the value is
-** a number that was preceded by a minus sign.
-**
-** If the left side is "database.id" then pId1 is the database name
-** and pId2 is the id.  If the left side is just "id" then pId1 is the
-** id and pId2 is any empty string.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
-  Parse *pParse, 
-  Token *pId1,        /* First part of [database.]id field */
-  Token *pId2,        /* Second part of [database.]id field, or NULL */
-  Token *pValue,      /* Token for <value>, or NULL */
-  int minusFlag       /* True if a '-' sign preceded <value> */
-){
-  char *zLeft = 0;       /* Nul-terminated UTF-8 string <id> */
-  char *zRight = 0;      /* Nul-terminated UTF-8 string <value>, or NULL */
-  const char *zDb = 0;   /* The database name */
-  Token *pId;            /* Pointer to <id> token */
-  int iDb;               /* Database index for <database> */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  Db *pDb;
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe = sqlite3VdbeCreate(db);
-  if( v==0 ) return;
-  sqlite3VdbeRunOnlyOnce(v);
-  pParse->nMem = 2;
-
-  /* Interpret the [database.] part of the pragma statement. iDb is the
-  ** index of the database this pragma is being applied to in db.aDb[]. */
-  iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pId1, pId2, &pId);
-  if( iDb<0 ) return;
-  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
-
-  /* If the temp database has been explicitly named as part of the 
-  ** pragma, make sure it is open. 
-  */
-  if( iDb==1 && sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(pParse) ){
-    return;
-  }
-
-  zLeft = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pId);
-  if( !zLeft ) return;
-  if( minusFlag ){
-    zRight = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-%T", pValue);
-  }else{
-    zRight = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pValue);
-  }
-
-  assert( pId2 );
-  zDb = pId2->n>0 ? pDb->zName : 0;
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_PRAGMA, zLeft, zRight, zDb) ){
-    goto pragma_out;
-  }
- 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-  /*
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]default_cache_size
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]default_cache_size=N
-  **
-  ** The first form reports the current persistent setting for the
-  ** page cache size.  The value returned is the maximum number of
-  ** pages in the page cache.  The second form sets both the current
-  ** page cache size value and the persistent page cache size value
-  ** stored in the database file.
-  **
-  ** The default cache size is stored in meta-value 2 of page 1 of the
-  ** database file.  The cache size is actually the absolute value of
-  ** this memory location.  The sign of meta-value 2 determines the
-  ** synchronous setting.  A negative value means synchronous is off
-  ** and a positive value means synchronous is on.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"default_cache_size")==0 ){
-    static const VdbeOpList getCacheSize[] = {
-      { OP_Transaction, 0, 0,        0},                         /* 0 */
-      { OP_ReadCookie,  0, 1,        BTREE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE},  /* 1 */
-      { OP_IfPos,       1, 7,        0},
-      { OP_Integer,     0, 2,        0},
-      { OP_Subtract,    1, 2,        1},
-      { OP_IfPos,       1, 7,        0},
-      { OP_Integer,     0, 1,        0},                         /* 6 */
-      { OP_ResultRow,   1, 1,        0},
-    };
-    int addr;
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
-    sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
-    if( !zRight ){
-      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "cache_size", SQLITE_STATIC);
-      pParse->nMem += 2;
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(getCacheSize), getCacheSize);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+1, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+6, SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE);
-    }else{
-      int size = atoi(zRight);
-      if( size<0 ) size = -size;
-      sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, size, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_ReadCookie, iDb, 2, BTREE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE);
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, 2, 0);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, -size, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, BTREE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE, 1);
-      pDb->pSchema->cache_size = size;
-      sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(pDb->pBt, pDb->pSchema->cache_size);
-    }
-  }else
-
-  /*
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]page_size
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]page_size=N
-  **
-  ** The first form reports the current setting for the
-  ** database page size in bytes.  The second form sets the
-  ** database page size value.  The value can only be set if
-  ** the database has not yet been created.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"page_size")==0 ){
-    Btree *pBt = pDb->pBt;
-    assert( pBt!=0 );
-    if( !zRight ){
-      int size = ALWAYS(pBt) ? sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt) : 0;
-      returnSingleInt(pParse, "page_size", size);
-    }else{
-      /* Malloc may fail when setting the page-size, as there is an internal
-      ** buffer that the pager module resizes using sqlite3_realloc().
-      */
-      db->nextPagesize = atoi(zRight);
-      if( SQLITE_NOMEM==sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pBt, db->nextPagesize, -1, 0) ){
-        db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-
-  /*
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]max_page_count
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]max_page_count=N
-  **
-  ** The first form reports the current setting for the
-  ** maximum number of pages in the database file.  The 
-  ** second form attempts to change this setting.  Both
-  ** forms return the current setting.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"max_page_count")==0 ){
-    Btree *pBt = pDb->pBt;
-    int newMax = 0;
-    assert( pBt!=0 );
-    if( zRight ){
-      newMax = atoi(zRight);
-    }
-    if( ALWAYS(pBt) ){
-      newMax = sqlite3BtreeMaxPageCount(pBt, newMax);
-    }
-    returnSingleInt(pParse, "max_page_count", newMax);
-  }else
-
-  /*
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]secure_delete
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]secure_delete=ON/OFF
-  **
-  ** The first form reports the current setting for the
-  ** secure_delete flag.  The second form changes the secure_delete
-  ** flag setting and reports thenew value.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"secure_delete")==0 ){
-    Btree *pBt = pDb->pBt;
-    int b = -1;
-    assert( pBt!=0 );
-    if( zRight ){
-      b = getBoolean(zRight);
-    }
-    if( pId2->n==0 && b>=0 ){
-      int ii;
-      for(ii=0; ii<db->nDb; ii++){
-        sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(db->aDb[ii].pBt, b);
-      }
-    }
-    b = sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(pBt, b);
-    returnSingleInt(pParse, "secure_delete", b);
-  }else
-
-  /*
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]page_count
-  **
-  ** Return the number of pages in the specified database.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"page_count")==0 ){
-    int iReg;
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
-    sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
-    iReg = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Pagecount, iDb, iReg);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, iReg, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "page_count", SQLITE_STATIC);
-  }else
-
-  /*
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]locking_mode
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]locking_mode = (normal|exclusive)
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"locking_mode")==0 ){
-    const char *zRet = "normal";
-    int eMode = getLockingMode(zRight);
-
-    if( pId2->n==0 && eMode==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_QUERY ){
-      /* Simple "PRAGMA locking_mode;" statement. This is a query for
-      ** the current default locking mode (which may be different to
-      ** the locking-mode of the main database).
-      */
-      eMode = db->dfltLockMode;
-    }else{
-      Pager *pPager;
-      if( pId2->n==0 ){
-        /* This indicates that no database name was specified as part
-        ** of the PRAGMA command. In this case the locking-mode must be
-        ** set on all attached databases, as well as the main db file.
-        **
-        ** Also, the sqlite3.dfltLockMode variable is set so that
-        ** any subsequently attached databases also use the specified
-        ** locking mode.
-        */
-        int ii;
-        assert(pDb==&db->aDb[0]);
-        for(ii=2; ii<db->nDb; ii++){
-          pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(db->aDb[ii].pBt);
-          sqlite3PagerLockingMode(pPager, eMode);
-        }
-        db->dfltLockMode = (u8)eMode;
-      }
-      pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pDb->pBt);
-      eMode = sqlite3PagerLockingMode(pPager, eMode);
-    }
-
-    assert(eMode==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL||eMode==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE);
-    if( eMode==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE ){
-      zRet = "exclusive";
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "locking_mode", SQLITE_STATIC);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 1, 0, zRet, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 1);
-  }else
-
-  /*
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]journal_mode
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]journal_mode = (delete|persist|off|truncate|memory)
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"journal_mode")==0 ){
-    int eMode;
-    static char * const azModeName[] = {
-      "delete", "persist", "off", "truncate", "memory"
-    };
-
-    if( zRight==0 ){
-      eMode = PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY;
-    }else{
-      int n = sqlite3Strlen30(zRight);
-      eMode = sizeof(azModeName)/sizeof(azModeName[0]) - 1;
-      while( eMode>=0 && sqlite3StrNICmp(zRight, azModeName[eMode], n)!=0 ){
-        eMode--;
-      }
-    }
-    if( pId2->n==0 && eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY ){
-      /* Simple "PRAGMA journal_mode;" statement. This is a query for
-      ** the current default journal mode (which may be different to
-      ** the journal-mode of the main database).
-      */
-      eMode = db->dfltJournalMode;
-    }else{
-      Pager *pPager;
-      if( pId2->n==0 ){
-        /* This indicates that no database name was specified as part
-        ** of the PRAGMA command. In this case the journal-mode must be
-        ** set on all attached databases, as well as the main db file.
-        **
-        ** Also, the sqlite3.dfltJournalMode variable is set so that
-        ** any subsequently attached databases also use the specified
-        ** journal mode.
-        */
-        int ii;
-        assert(pDb==&db->aDb[0]);
-        for(ii=1; ii<db->nDb; ii++){
-          if( db->aDb[ii].pBt ){
-            pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(db->aDb[ii].pBt);
-            sqlite3PagerJournalMode(pPager, eMode);
-          }
-        }
-        db->dfltJournalMode = (u8)eMode;
-      }
-      pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pDb->pBt);
-      eMode = sqlite3PagerJournalMode(pPager, eMode);
-    }
-    assert( eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE
-              || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE
-              || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
-              || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
-              || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY );
-    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "journal_mode", SQLITE_STATIC);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 1, 0, 
-           azModeName[eMode], P4_STATIC);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 1);
-  }else
-
-  /*
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]journal_size_limit
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]journal_size_limit=N
-  **
-  ** Get or set the size limit on rollback journal files.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"journal_size_limit")==0 ){
-    Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pDb->pBt);
-    i64 iLimit = -2;
-    if( zRight ){
-      sqlite3Atoi64(zRight, &iLimit);
-      if( iLimit<-1 ) iLimit = -1;
-    }
-    iLimit = sqlite3PagerJournalSizeLimit(pPager, iLimit);
-    returnSingleInt(pParse, "journal_size_limit", iLimit);
-  }else
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS */
-
-  /*
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]auto_vacuum
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]auto_vacuum=N
-  **
-  ** Get or set the value of the database 'auto-vacuum' parameter.
-  ** The value is one of:  0 NONE 1 FULL 2 INCREMENTAL
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"auto_vacuum")==0 ){
-    Btree *pBt = pDb->pBt;
-    assert( pBt!=0 );
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
-      goto pragma_out;
-    }
-    if( !zRight ){
-      int auto_vacuum;
-      if( ALWAYS(pBt) ){
-         auto_vacuum = sqlite3BtreeGetAutoVacuum(pBt);
-      }else{
-         auto_vacuum = SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM;
-      }
-      returnSingleInt(pParse, "auto_vacuum", auto_vacuum);
-    }else{
-      int eAuto = getAutoVacuum(zRight);
-      assert( eAuto>=0 && eAuto<=2 );
-      db->nextAutovac = (u8)eAuto;
-      if( ALWAYS(eAuto>=0) ){
-        /* Call SetAutoVacuum() to set initialize the internal auto and
-        ** incr-vacuum flags. This is required in case this connection
-        ** creates the database file. It is important that it is created
-        ** as an auto-vacuum capable db.
-        */
-        int rc = sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(pBt, eAuto);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (eAuto==1 || eAuto==2) ){
-          /* When setting the auto_vacuum mode to either "full" or 
-          ** "incremental", write the value of meta[6] in the database
-          ** file. Before writing to meta[6], check that meta[3] indicates
-          ** that this really is an auto-vacuum capable database.
-          */
-          static const VdbeOpList setMeta6[] = {
-            { OP_Transaction,    0,         1,                 0},    /* 0 */
-            { OP_ReadCookie,     0,         1,         BTREE_LARGEST_ROOT_PAGE},
-            { OP_If,             1,         0,                 0},    /* 2 */
-            { OP_Halt,           SQLITE_OK, OE_Abort,          0},    /* 3 */
-            { OP_Integer,        0,         1,                 0},    /* 4 */
-            { OP_SetCookie,      0,         BTREE_INCR_VACUUM, 1},    /* 5 */
-          };
-          int iAddr;
-          iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(setMeta6), setMeta6);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, iAddr, iDb);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, iAddr+1, iDb);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, iAddr+2, iAddr+4);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, iAddr+4, eAuto-1);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, iAddr+5, iDb);
-          sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-#endif
-
-  /*
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]incremental_vacuum(N)
-  **
-  ** Do N steps of incremental vacuuming on a database.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"incremental_vacuum")==0 ){
-    int iLimit, addr;
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
-      goto pragma_out;
-    }
-    if( zRight==0 || !sqlite3GetInt32(zRight, &iLimit) || iLimit<=0 ){
-      iLimit = 0x7fffffff;
-    }
-    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, iLimit, 1);
-    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IncrVacuum, iDb);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResultRow, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 1, -1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, 1, addr);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-  }else
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-  /*
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]cache_size
-  **  PRAGMA [database.]cache_size=N
-  **
-  ** The first form reports the current local setting for the
-  ** page cache size.  The local setting can be different from
-  ** the persistent cache size value that is stored in the database
-  ** file itself.  The value returned is the maximum number of
-  ** pages in the page cache.  The second form sets the local
-  ** page cache size value.  It does not change the persistent
-  ** cache size stored on the disk so the cache size will revert
-  ** to its default value when the database is closed and reopened.
-  ** N should be a positive integer.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"cache_size")==0 ){
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
-    if( !zRight ){
-      returnSingleInt(pParse, "cache_size", pDb->pSchema->cache_size);
-    }else{
-      int size = atoi(zRight);
-      if( size<0 ) size = -size;
-      pDb->pSchema->cache_size = size;
-      sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(pDb->pBt, pDb->pSchema->cache_size);
-    }
-  }else
-
-  /*
-  **   PRAGMA temp_store
-  **   PRAGMA temp_store = "default"|"memory"|"file"
-  **
-  ** Return or set the local value of the temp_store flag.  Changing
-  ** the local value does not make changes to the disk file and the default
-  ** value will be restored the next time the database is opened.
-  **
-  ** Note that it is possible for the library compile-time options to
-  ** override this setting
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "temp_store")==0 ){
-    if( !zRight ){
-      returnSingleInt(pParse, "temp_store", db->temp_store);
-    }else{
-      changeTempStorage(pParse, zRight);
-    }
-  }else
-
-  /*
-  **   PRAGMA temp_store_directory
-  **   PRAGMA temp_store_directory = ""|"directory_name"
-  **
-  ** Return or set the local value of the temp_store_directory flag.  Changing
-  ** the value sets a specific directory to be used for temporary files.
-  ** Setting to a null string reverts to the default temporary directory search.
-  ** If temporary directory is changed, then invalidateTempStorage.
-  **
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "temp_store_directory")==0 ){
-    if( !zRight ){
-      if( sqlite3_temp_directory ){
-        sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, 
-            "temp_store_directory", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 1, 0, sqlite3_temp_directory, 0);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 1);
-      }
-    }else{
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
-      if( zRight[0] ){
-        int rc;
-        int res;
-        rc = sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, zRight, SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, &res);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || res==0 ){
-          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "not a writable directory");
-          goto pragma_out;
-        }
-      }
-      if( SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==0
-       || (SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==1 && db->temp_store<=1)
-       || (SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==2 && db->temp_store==1)
-      ){
-        invalidateTempStorage(pParse);
-      }
-      sqlite3_free(sqlite3_temp_directory);
-      if( zRight[0] ){
-        sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, zRight);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3_temp_directory = 0;
-      }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WSD */
-    }
-  }else
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE)
-#  if defined(__APPLE__)
-#    define SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE 1
-#  else
-#    define SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE 0
-#  endif
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-  /*
-   **   PRAGMA [database.]lock_proxy_file
-   **   PRAGMA [database.]lock_proxy_file = ":auto:"|"lock_file_path"
-   **
-   ** Return or set the value of the lock_proxy_file flag.  Changing
-   ** the value sets a specific file to be used for database access locks.
-   **
-   */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "lock_proxy_file")==0 ){
-    if( !zRight ){
-      Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pDb->pBt);
-      char *proxy_file_path = NULL;
-      sqlite3_file *pFile = sqlite3PagerFile(pPager);
-      sqlite3OsFileControl(pFile, SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE, 
-                           &proxy_file_path);
-      
-      if( proxy_file_path ){
-        sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, 
-                              "lock_proxy_file", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 1, 0, proxy_file_path, 0);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 1);
-      }
-    }else{
-      Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pDb->pBt);
-      sqlite3_file *pFile = sqlite3PagerFile(pPager);
-      int res;
-      if( zRight[0] ){
-        res=sqlite3OsFileControl(pFile, SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE, 
-                                     zRight);
-      } else {
-        res=sqlite3OsFileControl(pFile, SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE, 
-                                     NULL);
-      }
-      if( res!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "failed to set lock proxy file");
-        goto pragma_out;
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */      
-    
-  /*
-  **   PRAGMA [database.]synchronous
-  **   PRAGMA [database.]synchronous=OFF|ON|NORMAL|FULL
-  **
-  ** Return or set the local value of the synchronous flag.  Changing
-  ** the local value does not make changes to the disk file and the
-  ** default value will be restored the next time the database is
-  ** opened.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"synchronous")==0 ){
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
-    if( !zRight ){
-      returnSingleInt(pParse, "synchronous", pDb->safety_level-1);
-    }else{
-      if( !db->autoCommit ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-            "Safety level may not be changed inside a transaction");
-      }else{
-        pDb->safety_level = getSafetyLevel(zRight)+1;
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS
-  if( flagPragma(pParse, zLeft, zRight) ){
-    /* The flagPragma() subroutine also generates any necessary code
-    ** there is nothing more to do here */
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS
-  /*
-  **   PRAGMA table_info(<table>)
-  **
-  ** Return a single row for each column of the named table. The columns of
-  ** the returned data set are:
-  **
-  ** cid:        Column id (numbered from left to right, starting at 0)
-  ** name:       Column name
-  ** type:       Column declaration type.
-  ** notnull:    True if 'NOT NULL' is part of column declaration
-  ** dflt_value: The default value for the column, if any.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "table_info")==0 && zRight ){
-    Table *pTab;
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
-    pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zRight, zDb);
-    if( pTab ){
-      int i;
-      int nHidden = 0;
-      Column *pCol;
-      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 6);
-      pParse->nMem = 6;
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "cid", SQLITE_STATIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 1, COLNAME_NAME, "name", SQLITE_STATIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 2, COLNAME_NAME, "type", SQLITE_STATIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 3, COLNAME_NAME, "notnull", SQLITE_STATIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 4, COLNAME_NAME, "dflt_value", SQLITE_STATIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 5, COLNAME_NAME, "pk", SQLITE_STATIC);
-      sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab);
-      for(i=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; i<pTab->nCol; i++, pCol++){
-        if( IsHiddenColumn(pCol) ){
-          nHidden++;
-          continue;
-        }
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, i-nHidden, 1);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 2, 0, pCol->zName, 0);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
-           pCol->zType ? pCol->zType : "", 0);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, (pCol->notNull ? 1 : 0), 4);
-        if( pCol->zDflt ){
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 5, 0, (char*)pCol->zDflt, 0);
-        }else{
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, 5);
-        }
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pCol->isPrimKey, 6);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 6);
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "index_info")==0 && zRight ){
-    Index *pIdx;
-    Table *pTab;
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
-    pIdx = sqlite3FindIndex(db, zRight, zDb);
-    if( pIdx ){
-      int i;
-      pTab = pIdx->pTable;
-      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 3);
-      pParse->nMem = 3;
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "seqno", SQLITE_STATIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 1, COLNAME_NAME, "cid", SQLITE_STATIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 2, COLNAME_NAME, "name", SQLITE_STATIC);
-      for(i=0; i<pIdx->nColumn; i++){
-        int cnum = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, i, 1);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, cnum, 2);
-        assert( pTab->nCol>cnum );
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, pTab->aCol[cnum].zName, 0);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 3);
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "index_list")==0 && zRight ){
-    Index *pIdx;
-    Table *pTab;
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
-    pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zRight, zDb);
-    if( pTab ){
-      v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-      pIdx = pTab->pIndex;
-      if( pIdx ){
-        int i = 0; 
-        sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 3);
-        pParse->nMem = 3;
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "seq", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 1, COLNAME_NAME, "name", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 2, COLNAME_NAME, "unique", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        while(pIdx){
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, i, 1);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 2, 0, pIdx->zName, 0);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pIdx->onError!=OE_None, 3);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 3);
-          ++i;
-          pIdx = pIdx->pNext;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "database_list")==0 ){
-    int i;
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 3);
-    pParse->nMem = 3;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "seq", SQLITE_STATIC);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 1, COLNAME_NAME, "name", SQLITE_STATIC);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 2, COLNAME_NAME, "file", SQLITE_STATIC);
-    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      if( db->aDb[i].pBt==0 ) continue;
-      assert( db->aDb[i].zName!=0 );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, i, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 2, 0, db->aDb[i].zName, 0);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
-           sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(db->aDb[i].pBt), 0);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 3);
-    }
-  }else
-
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "collation_list")==0 ){
-    int i = 0;
-    HashElem *p;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 2);
-    pParse->nMem = 2;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "seq", SQLITE_STATIC);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 1, COLNAME_NAME, "name", SQLITE_STATIC);
-    for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aCollSeq); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
-      CollSeq *pColl = (CollSeq *)sqliteHashData(p);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, i++, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 2, 0, pColl->zName, 0);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 2);
-    }
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "foreign_key_list")==0 && zRight ){
-    FKey *pFK;
-    Table *pTab;
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
-    pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zRight, zDb);
-    if( pTab ){
-      v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-      pFK = pTab->pFKey;
-      if( pFK ){
-        int i = 0; 
-        sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 8);
-        pParse->nMem = 8;
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "id", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 1, COLNAME_NAME, "seq", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 2, COLNAME_NAME, "table", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 3, COLNAME_NAME, "from", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 4, COLNAME_NAME, "to", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 5, COLNAME_NAME, "on_update", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 6, COLNAME_NAME, "on_delete", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 7, COLNAME_NAME, "match", SQLITE_STATIC);
-        while(pFK){
-          int j;
-          for(j=0; j<pFK->nCol; j++){
-            char *zCol = pFK->aCol[j].zCol;
-            char *zOnDelete = (char *)actionName(pFK->aAction[0]);
-            char *zOnUpdate = (char *)actionName(pFK->aAction[1]);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, i, 1);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, j, 2);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, pFK->zTo, 0);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 4, 0,
-                              pTab->aCol[pFK->aCol[j].iFrom].zName, 0);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, zCol ? OP_String8 : OP_Null, 0, 5, 0, zCol, 0);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 6, 0, zOnUpdate, 0);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 7, 0, zOnDelete, 0);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 8, 0, "NONE", 0);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 8);
-          }
-          ++i;
-          pFK = pFK->pNextFrom;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) */
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "parser_trace")==0 ){
-    if( zRight ){
-      if( getBoolean(zRight) ){
-        sqlite3ParserTrace(stderr, "parser: ");
-      }else{
-        sqlite3ParserTrace(0, 0);
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-#endif
-
-  /* Reinstall the LIKE and GLOB functions.  The variant of LIKE
-  ** used will be case sensitive or not depending on the RHS.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "case_sensitive_like")==0 ){
-    if( zRight ){
-      sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(db, getBoolean(zRight));
-    }
-  }else
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX
-# define SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX 100
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
-  /* Pragma "quick_check" is an experimental reduced version of 
-  ** integrity_check designed to detect most database corruption
-  ** without most of the overhead of a full integrity-check.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "integrity_check")==0
-   || sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "quick_check")==0 
-  ){
-    int i, j, addr, mxErr;
-
-    /* Code that appears at the end of the integrity check.  If no error
-    ** messages have been generated, output OK.  Otherwise output the
-    ** error message
-    */
-    static const VdbeOpList endCode[] = {
-      { OP_AddImm,      1, 0,        0},    /* 0 */
-      { OP_IfNeg,       1, 0,        0},    /* 1 */
-      { OP_String8,     0, 3,        0},    /* 2 */
-      { OP_ResultRow,   3, 1,        0},
-    };
-
-    int isQuick = (zLeft[0]=='q');
-
-    /* Initialize the VDBE program */
-    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
-    pParse->nMem = 6;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "integrity_check", SQLITE_STATIC);
-
-    /* Set the maximum error count */
-    mxErr = SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX;
-    if( zRight ){
-      mxErr = atoi(zRight);
-      if( mxErr<=0 ){
-        mxErr = SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX;
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, mxErr, 1);  /* reg[1] holds errors left */
-
-    /* Do an integrity check on each database file */
-    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      HashElem *x;
-      Hash *pTbls;
-      int cnt = 0;
-
-      if( OMIT_TEMPDB && i==1 ) continue;
-
-      sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, i);
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, 1); /* Halt if out of errors */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, 0, 0);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-
-      /* Do an integrity check of the B-Tree
-      **
-      ** Begin by filling registers 2, 3, ... with the root pages numbers
-      ** for all tables and indices in the database.
-      */
-      pTbls = &db->aDb[i].pSchema->tblHash;
-      for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
-        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
-        Index *pIdx;
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pTab->tnum, 2+cnt);
-        cnt++;
-        for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pIdx->tnum, 2+cnt);
-          cnt++;
-        }
-      }
-
-      /* Make sure sufficient number of registers have been allocated */
-      if( pParse->nMem < cnt+4 ){
-        pParse->nMem = cnt+4;
-      }
-
-      /* Do the b-tree integrity checks */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IntegrityCk, 2, cnt, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)i);
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, 2);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
-         sqlite3MPrintf(db, "*** in database %s ***\n", db->aDb[i].zName),
-         P4_DYNAMIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Move, 2, 4, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 2);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 2, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-
-      /* Make sure all the indices are constructed correctly.
-      */
-      for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x && !isQuick; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
-        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
-        Index *pIdx;
-        int loopTop;
-
-        if( pTab->pIndex==0 ) continue;
-        addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, 1);  /* Stop if out of errors */
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, 0, 0);
-        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-        sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, 1, OP_OpenRead);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 2);  /* reg(2) will count entries */
-        loopTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, 1, 0);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 2, 1);   /* increment entry count */
-        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
-          int jmp2;
-          int r1;
-          static const VdbeOpList idxErr[] = {
-            { OP_AddImm,      1, -1,  0},
-            { OP_String8,     0,  3,  0},    /* 1 */
-            { OP_Rowid,       1,  4,  0},
-            { OP_String8,     0,  5,  0},    /* 3 */
-            { OP_String8,     0,  6,  0},    /* 4 */
-            { OP_Concat,      4,  3,  3},
-            { OP_Concat,      5,  3,  3},
-            { OP_Concat,      6,  3,  3},
-            { OP_ResultRow,   3,  1,  0},
-            { OP_IfPos,       1,  0,  0},    /* 9 */
-            { OP_Halt,        0,  0,  0},
-          };
-          r1 = sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, 1, 3, 0);
-          jmp2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, j+2, 0, r1, pIdx->nColumn+1);
-          addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(idxErr), idxErr);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr+1, "rowid ", P4_STATIC);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr+3, " missing from index ", P4_STATIC);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr+4, pIdx->zName, P4_STATIC);
-          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr+9);
-          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp2);
-        }
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, 1, loopTop+1);
-        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, loopTop);
-        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
-          static const VdbeOpList cntIdx[] = {
-             { OP_Integer,      0,  3,  0},
-             { OP_Rewind,       0,  0,  0},  /* 1 */
-             { OP_AddImm,       3,  1,  0},
-             { OP_Next,         0,  0,  0},  /* 3 */
-             { OP_Eq,           2,  0,  3},  /* 4 */
-             { OP_AddImm,       1, -1,  0},
-             { OP_String8,      0,  2,  0},  /* 6 */
-             { OP_String8,      0,  3,  0},  /* 7 */
-             { OP_Concat,       3,  2,  2},
-             { OP_ResultRow,    2,  1,  0},
-          };
-          addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, 1);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, 0, 0);
-          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-          addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(cntIdx), cntIdx);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+1, j+2);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addr+1, addr+4);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+3, j+2);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addr+3, addr+2);
-          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr+4);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr+6, 
-                     "wrong # of entries in index ", P4_STATIC);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr+7, pIdx->zName, P4_STATIC);
-        }
-      } 
-    }
-    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(endCode), endCode);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addr, -mxErr);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr+1);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr+2, "ok", P4_STATIC);
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  /*
-  **   PRAGMA encoding
-  **   PRAGMA encoding = "utf-8"|"utf-16"|"utf-16le"|"utf-16be"
-  **
-  ** In its first form, this pragma returns the encoding of the main
-  ** database. If the database is not initialized, it is initialized now.
-  **
-  ** The second form of this pragma is a no-op if the main database file
-  ** has not already been initialized. In this case it sets the default
-  ** encoding that will be used for the main database file if a new file
-  ** is created. If an existing main database file is opened, then the
-  ** default text encoding for the existing database is used.
-  ** 
-  ** In all cases new databases created using the ATTACH command are
-  ** created to use the same default text encoding as the main database. If
-  ** the main database has not been initialized and/or created when ATTACH
-  ** is executed, this is done before the ATTACH operation.
-  **
-  ** In the second form this pragma sets the text encoding to be used in
-  ** new database files created using this database handle. It is only
-  ** useful if invoked immediately after the main database i
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "encoding")==0 ){
-    static const struct EncName {
-      char *zName;
-      u8 enc;
-    } encnames[] = {
-      { "UTF8",     SQLITE_UTF8        },
-      { "UTF-8",    SQLITE_UTF8        },  /* Must be element [1] */
-      { "UTF-16le", SQLITE_UTF16LE     },  /* Must be element [2] */
-      { "UTF-16be", SQLITE_UTF16BE     },  /* Must be element [3] */
-      { "UTF16le",  SQLITE_UTF16LE     },
-      { "UTF16be",  SQLITE_UTF16BE     },
-      { "UTF-16",   0                  }, /* SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE */
-      { "UTF16",    0                  }, /* SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE */
-      { 0, 0 }
-    };
-    const struct EncName *pEnc;
-    if( !zRight ){    /* "PRAGMA encoding" */
-      if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
-      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "encoding", SQLITE_STATIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_String8, 0, 1);
-      assert( encnames[SQLITE_UTF8].enc==SQLITE_UTF8 );
-      assert( encnames[SQLITE_UTF16LE].enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE );
-      assert( encnames[SQLITE_UTF16BE].enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, encnames[ENC(pParse->db)].zName, P4_STATIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 1);
-    }else{                        /* "PRAGMA encoding = XXX" */
-      /* Only change the value of sqlite.enc if the database handle is not
-      ** initialized. If the main database exists, the new sqlite.enc value
-      ** will be overwritten when the schema is next loaded. If it does not
-      ** already exists, it will be created to use the new encoding value.
-      */
-      if( 
-        !(DbHasProperty(db, 0, DB_SchemaLoaded)) || 
-        DbHasProperty(db, 0, DB_Empty) 
-      ){
-        for(pEnc=&encnames[0]; pEnc->zName; pEnc++){
-          if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(zRight, pEnc->zName) ){
-            ENC(pParse->db) = pEnc->enc ? pEnc->enc : SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        if( !pEnc->zName ){
-          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unsupported encoding: %s", zRight);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS
-  /*
-  **   PRAGMA [database.]schema_version
-  **   PRAGMA [database.]schema_version = <integer>
-  **
-  **   PRAGMA [database.]user_version
-  **   PRAGMA [database.]user_version = <integer>
-  **
-  ** The pragma's schema_version and user_version are used to set or get
-  ** the value of the schema-version and user-version, respectively. Both
-  ** the schema-version and the user-version are 32-bit signed integers
-  ** stored in the database header.
-  **
-  ** The schema-cookie is usually only manipulated internally by SQLite. It
-  ** is incremented by SQLite whenever the database schema is modified (by
-  ** creating or dropping a table or index). The schema version is used by
-  ** SQLite each time a query is executed to ensure that the internal cache
-  ** of the schema used when compiling the SQL query matches the schema of
-  ** the database against which the compiled query is actually executed.
-  ** Subverting this mechanism by using "PRAGMA schema_version" to modify
-  ** the schema-version is potentially dangerous and may lead to program
-  ** crashes or database corruption. Use with caution!
-  **
-  ** The user-version is not used internally by SQLite. It may be used by
-  ** applications for any purpose.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "schema_version")==0 
-   || sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "user_version")==0 
-   || sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "freelist_count")==0 
-  ){
-    int iCookie;   /* Cookie index. 1 for schema-cookie, 6 for user-cookie. */
-    sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
-    switch( zLeft[0] ){
-      case 'f': case 'F':
-        iCookie = BTREE_FREE_PAGE_COUNT;
-        break;
-      case 's': case 'S':
-        iCookie = BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION;
-        break;
-      default:
-        iCookie = BTREE_USER_VERSION;
-        break;
-    }
-
-    if( zRight && iCookie!=BTREE_FREE_PAGE_COUNT ){
-      /* Write the specified cookie value */
-      static const VdbeOpList setCookie[] = {
-        { OP_Transaction,    0,  1,  0},    /* 0 */
-        { OP_Integer,        0,  1,  0},    /* 1 */
-        { OP_SetCookie,      0,  0,  1},    /* 2 */
-      };
-      int addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(setCookie), setCookie);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+1, atoi(zRight));
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+2, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addr+2, iCookie);
-    }else{
-      /* Read the specified cookie value */
-      static const VdbeOpList readCookie[] = {
-        { OP_Transaction,     0,  0,  0},    /* 0 */
-        { OP_ReadCookie,      0,  1,  0},    /* 1 */
-        { OP_ResultRow,       1,  1,  0}
-      };
-      int addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(readCookie), readCookie);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+1, iDb);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, addr+1, iCookie);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, zLeft, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    }
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-  /*
-  **   PRAGMA compile_options
-  **
-  ** Return the names of all compile-time options used in this build,
-  ** one option per row.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "compile_options")==0 ){
-    int i = 0;
-    const char *zOpt;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-    pParse->nMem = 1;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "compile_option", SQLITE_STATIC);
-    while( (zOpt = sqlite3_compileoption_get(i++))!=0 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 1, 0, zOpt, 0);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 1);
-    }
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-  /*
-  ** Report the current state of file logs for all databases
-  */
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "lock_status")==0 ){
-    static const char *const azLockName[] = {
-      "unlocked", "shared", "reserved", "pending", "exclusive"
-    };
-    int i;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 2);
-    pParse->nMem = 2;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "database", SQLITE_STATIC);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 1, COLNAME_NAME, "status", SQLITE_STATIC);
-    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      Btree *pBt;
-      Pager *pPager;
-      const char *zState = "unknown";
-      int j;
-      if( db->aDb[i].zName==0 ) continue;
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 1, 0, db->aDb[i].zName, P4_STATIC);
-      pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-      if( pBt==0 || (pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt))==0 ){
-        zState = "closed";
-      }else if( sqlite3_file_control(db, i ? db->aDb[i].zName : 0, 
-                                     SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE, &j)==SQLITE_OK ){
-         zState = azLockName[j];
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 2, 0, zState, P4_STATIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 2);
-    }
-
-  }else
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "key")==0 && zRight ){
-    sqlite3_key(db, zRight, sqlite3Strlen30(zRight));
-  }else
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "rekey")==0 && zRight ){
-    sqlite3_rekey(db, zRight, sqlite3Strlen30(zRight));
-  }else
-  if( zRight && (sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "hexkey")==0 ||
-                 sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "hexrekey")==0) ){
-    int i, h1, h2;
-    char zKey[40];
-    for(i=0; (h1 = zRight[i])!=0 && (h2 = zRight[i+1])!=0; i+=2){
-      h1 += 9*(1&(h1>>6));
-      h2 += 9*(1&(h2>>6));
-      zKey[i/2] = (h2 & 0x0f) | ((h1 & 0xf)<<4);
-    }
-    if( (zLeft[3] & 0xf)==0xb ){
-      sqlite3_key(db, zKey, i/2);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3_rekey(db, zKey, i/2);
-    }
-  }else
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD)
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, "activate_extensions")==0 ){
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-    if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zRight, "see-", 4)==0 ){
-      sqlite3_activate_see(&zRight[4]);
-    }
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
-    if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zRight, "cerod-", 6)==0 ){
-      sqlite3_activate_cerod(&zRight[6]);
-    }
-#endif
-  }else
-#endif
-
- 
-  {/* Empty ELSE clause */}
-
-  /*
-  ** Reset the safety level, in case the fullfsync flag or synchronous
-  ** setting changed.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-  if( db->autoCommit ){
-    sqlite3BtreeSetSafetyLevel(pDb->pBt, pDb->safety_level,
-               (db->flags&SQLITE_FullFSync)!=0);
-  }
-#endif
-pragma_out:
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zLeft);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zRight);
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA */
-
-/************** End of pragma.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file prepare.c *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2005 May 25
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the implementation of the sqlite3_prepare()
-** interface, and routines that contribute to loading the database schema
-** from disk.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Fill the InitData structure with an error message that indicates
-** that the database is corrupt.
-*/
-static void corruptSchema(
-  InitData *pData,     /* Initialization context */
-  const char *zObj,    /* Object being parsed at the point of error */
-  const char *zExtra   /* Error information */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pData->db;
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && (db->flags & SQLITE_RecoveryMode)==0 ){
-    if( zObj==0 ) zObj = "?";
-    sqlite3SetString(pData->pzErrMsg, db,
-      "malformed database schema (%s)", zObj);
-    if( zExtra ){
-      *pData->pzErrMsg = sqlite3MAppendf(db, *pData->pzErrMsg, 
-                                 "%s - %s", *pData->pzErrMsg, zExtra);
-    }
-  }
-  pData->rc = db->mallocFailed ? SQLITE_NOMEM : SQLITE_CORRUPT;
-}
-
-/*
-** This is the callback routine for the code that initializes the
-** database.  See sqlite3Init() below for additional information.
-** This routine is also called from the OP_ParseSchema opcode of the VDBE.
-**
-** Each callback contains the following information:
-**
-**     argv[0] = name of thing being created
-**     argv[1] = root page number for table or index. 0 for trigger or view.
-**     argv[2] = SQL text for the CREATE statement.
-**
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitCallback(void *pInit, int argc, char **argv, char **NotUsed){
-  InitData *pData = (InitData*)pInit;
-  sqlite3 *db = pData->db;
-  int iDb = pData->iDb;
-
-  assert( argc==3 );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, argc);
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  DbClearProperty(db, iDb, DB_Empty);
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    corruptSchema(pData, argv[0], 0);
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
-  if( argv==0 ) return 0;   /* Might happen if EMPTY_RESULT_CALLBACKS are on */
-  if( argv[1]==0 ){
-    corruptSchema(pData, argv[0], 0);
-  }else if( argv[2] && argv[2][0] ){
-    /* Call the parser to process a CREATE TABLE, INDEX or VIEW.
-    ** But because db->init.busy is set to 1, no VDBE code is generated
-    ** or executed.  All the parser does is build the internal data
-    ** structures that describe the table, index, or view.
-    */
-    char *zErr;
-    int rc;
-    assert( db->init.busy );
-    db->init.iDb = iDb;
-    db->init.newTnum = atoi(argv[1]);
-    db->init.orphanTrigger = 0;
-    rc = sqlite3_exec(db, argv[2], 0, 0, &zErr);
-    db->init.iDb = 0;
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || zErr==0 );
-    if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ){
-      if( db->init.orphanTrigger ){
-        assert( iDb==1 );
-      }else{
-        pData->rc = rc;
-        if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-          db->mallocFailed = 1;
-        }else if( rc!=SQLITE_INTERRUPT && rc!=SQLITE_LOCKED ){
-          corruptSchema(pData, argv[0], zErr);
-        }
-      }
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-    }
-  }else if( argv[0]==0 ){
-    corruptSchema(pData, 0, 0);
-  }else{
-    /* If the SQL column is blank it means this is an index that
-    ** was created to be the PRIMARY KEY or to fulfill a UNIQUE
-    ** constraint for a CREATE TABLE.  The index should have already
-    ** been created when we processed the CREATE TABLE.  All we have
-    ** to do here is record the root page number for that index.
-    */
-    Index *pIndex;
-    pIndex = sqlite3FindIndex(db, argv[0], db->aDb[iDb].zName);
-    if( pIndex==0 ){
-      /* This can occur if there exists an index on a TEMP table which
-      ** has the same name as another index on a permanent index.  Since
-      ** the permanent table is hidden by the TEMP table, we can also
-      ** safely ignore the index on the permanent table.
-      */
-      /* Do Nothing */;
-    }else if( sqlite3GetInt32(argv[1], &pIndex->tnum)==0 ){
-      corruptSchema(pData, argv[0], "invalid rootpage");
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Attempt to read the database schema and initialize internal
-** data structures for a single database file.  The index of the
-** database file is given by iDb.  iDb==0 is used for the main
-** database.  iDb==1 should never be used.  iDb>=2 is used for
-** auxiliary databases.  Return one of the SQLITE_ error codes to
-** indicate success or failure.
-*/
-static int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, char **pzErrMsg){
-  int rc;
-  int i;
-  int size;
-  Table *pTab;
-  Db *pDb;
-  char const *azArg[4];
-  int meta[5];
-  InitData initData;
-  char const *zMasterSchema;
-  char const *zMasterName = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
-  int openedTransaction = 0;
-
-  /*
-  ** The master database table has a structure like this
-  */
-  static const char master_schema[] = 
-     "CREATE TABLE sqlite_master(\n"
-     "  type text,\n"
-     "  name text,\n"
-     "  tbl_name text,\n"
-     "  rootpage integer,\n"
-     "  sql text\n"
-     ")"
-  ;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
-  static const char temp_master_schema[] = 
-     "CREATE TEMP TABLE sqlite_temp_master(\n"
-     "  type text,\n"
-     "  name text,\n"
-     "  tbl_name text,\n"
-     "  rootpage integer,\n"
-     "  sql text\n"
-     ")"
-  ;
-#else
-  #define temp_master_schema 0
-#endif
-
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
-  assert( db->aDb[iDb].pSchema );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  assert( iDb==1 || sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[iDb].pBt) );
-
-  /* zMasterSchema and zInitScript are set to point at the master schema
-  ** and initialisation script appropriate for the database being
-  ** initialised. zMasterName is the name of the master table.
-  */
-  if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ){
-    zMasterSchema = temp_master_schema;
-  }else{
-    zMasterSchema = master_schema;
-  }
-  zMasterName = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
-
-  /* Construct the schema tables.  */
-  azArg[0] = zMasterName;
-  azArg[1] = "1";
-  azArg[2] = zMasterSchema;
-  azArg[3] = 0;
-  initData.db = db;
-  initData.iDb = iDb;
-  initData.rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  initData.pzErrMsg = pzErrMsg;
-  sqlite3InitCallback(&initData, 3, (char **)azArg, 0);
-  if( initData.rc ){
-    rc = initData.rc;
-    goto error_out;
-  }
-  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zMasterName, db->aDb[iDb].zName);
-  if( ALWAYS(pTab) ){
-    pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Readonly;
-  }
-
-  /* Create a cursor to hold the database open
-  */
-  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
-  if( pDb->pBt==0 ){
-    if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && ALWAYS(iDb==1) ){
-      DbSetProperty(db, 1, DB_SchemaLoaded);
-    }
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  /* If there is not already a read-only (or read-write) transaction opened
-  ** on the b-tree database, open one now. If a transaction is opened, it 
-  ** will be closed before this function returns.  */
-  sqlite3BtreeEnter(pDb->pBt);
-  if( !sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(pDb->pBt) ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pDb->pBt, 0);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
-      goto initone_error_out;
-    }
-    openedTransaction = 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Get the database meta information.
-  **
-  ** Meta values are as follows:
-  **    meta[0]   Schema cookie.  Changes with each schema change.
-  **    meta[1]   File format of schema layer.
-  **    meta[2]   Size of the page cache.
-  **    meta[3]   Largest rootpage (auto/incr_vacuum mode)
-  **    meta[4]   Db text encoding. 1:UTF-8 2:UTF-16LE 3:UTF-16BE
-  **    meta[5]   User version
-  **    meta[6]   Incremental vacuum mode
-  **    meta[7]   unused
-  **    meta[8]   unused
-  **    meta[9]   unused
-  **
-  ** Note: The #defined SQLITE_UTF* symbols in sqliteInt.h correspond to
-  ** the possible values of meta[4].
-  */
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(meta); i++){
-    sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(pDb->pBt, i+1, (u32 *)&meta[i]);
-  }
-  pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = meta[BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION-1];
-
-  /* If opening a non-empty database, check the text encoding. For the
-  ** main database, set sqlite3.enc to the encoding of the main database.
-  ** For an attached db, it is an error if the encoding is not the same
-  ** as sqlite3.enc.
-  */
-  if( meta[BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING-1] ){  /* text encoding */
-    if( iDb==0 ){
-      u8 encoding;
-      /* If opening the main database, set ENC(db). */
-      encoding = (u8)meta[BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING-1] & 3;
-      if( encoding==0 ) encoding = SQLITE_UTF8;
-      ENC(db) = encoding;
-      db->pDfltColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, SQLITE_UTF8, "BINARY", 0);
-    }else{
-      /* If opening an attached database, the encoding much match ENC(db) */
-      if( meta[BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING-1]!=ENC(db) ){
-        sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "attached databases must use the same"
-            " text encoding as main database");
-        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-        goto initone_error_out;
-      }
-    }
-  }else{
-    DbSetProperty(db, iDb, DB_Empty);
-  }
-  pDb->pSchema->enc = ENC(db);
-
-  if( pDb->pSchema->cache_size==0 ){
-    size = meta[BTREE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE-1];
-    if( size==0 ){ size = SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE; }
-    if( size<0 ) size = -size;
-    pDb->pSchema->cache_size = size;
-    sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(pDb->pBt, pDb->pSchema->cache_size);
-  }
-
-  /*
-  ** file_format==1    Version 3.0.0.
-  ** file_format==2    Version 3.1.3.  // ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN
-  ** file_format==3    Version 3.1.4.  // ditto but with non-NULL defaults
-  ** file_format==4    Version 3.3.0.  // DESC indices.  Boolean constants
-  */
-  pDb->pSchema->file_format = (u8)meta[BTREE_FILE_FORMAT-1];
-  if( pDb->pSchema->file_format==0 ){
-    pDb->pSchema->file_format = 1;
-  }
-  if( pDb->pSchema->file_format>SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT ){
-    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "unsupported file format");
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    goto initone_error_out;
-  }
-
-  /* Ticket #2804:  When we open a database in the newer file format,
-  ** clear the legacy_file_format pragma flag so that a VACUUM will
-  ** not downgrade the database and thus invalidate any descending
-  ** indices that the user might have created.
-  */
-  if( iDb==0 && meta[BTREE_FILE_FORMAT-1]>=4 ){
-    db->flags &= ~SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt;
-  }
-
-  /* Read the schema information out of the schema tables
-  */
-  assert( db->init.busy );
-  {
-    char *zSql;
-    zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
-        "SELECT name, rootpage, sql FROM '%q'.%s ORDER BY rowid",
-        db->aDb[iDb].zName, zMasterName);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-    {
-      int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*);
-      xAuth = db->xAuth;
-      db->xAuth = 0;
-#endif
-      rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, sqlite3InitCallback, &initData, 0);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-      db->xAuth = xAuth;
-    }
-#endif
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = initData.rc;
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3AnalysisLoad(db, iDb);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK || (db->flags&SQLITE_RecoveryMode)){
-    /* Black magic: If the SQLITE_RecoveryMode flag is set, then consider
-    ** the schema loaded, even if errors occurred. In this situation the 
-    ** current sqlite3_prepare() operation will fail, but the following one
-    ** will attempt to compile the supplied statement against whatever subset
-    ** of the schema was loaded before the error occurred. The primary
-    ** purpose of this is to allow access to the sqlite_master table
-    ** even when its contents have been corrupted.
-    */
-    DbSetProperty(db, iDb, DB_SchemaLoaded);
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  /* Jump here for an error that occurs after successfully allocating
-  ** curMain and calling sqlite3BtreeEnter(). For an error that occurs
-  ** before that point, jump to error_out.
-  */
-initone_error_out:
-  if( openedTransaction ){
-    sqlite3BtreeCommit(pDb->pBt);
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeave(pDb->pBt);
-
-error_out:
-  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
-    db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize all database files - the main database file, the file
-** used to store temporary tables, and any additional database files
-** created using ATTACH statements.  Return a success code.  If an
-** error occurs, write an error message into *pzErrMsg.
-**
-** After a database is initialized, the DB_SchemaLoaded bit is set
-** bit is set in the flags field of the Db structure. If the database
-** file was of zero-length, then the DB_Empty flag is also set.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Init(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrMsg){
-  int i, rc;
-  int commit_internal = !(db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges);
-  
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  db->init.busy = 1;
-  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){
-    if( DbHasProperty(db, i, DB_SchemaLoaded) || i==1 ) continue;
-    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, i, pzErrMsg);
-    if( rc ){
-      sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, i);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Once all the other databases have been initialised, load the schema
-  ** for the TEMP database. This is loaded last, as the TEMP database
-  ** schema may contain references to objects in other databases.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && ALWAYS(db->nDb>1)
-                    && !DbHasProperty(db, 1, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
-    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, 1, pzErrMsg);
-    if( rc ){
-      sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 1);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  db->init.busy = 0;
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && commit_internal ){
-    sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(db);
-  }
-
-  return rc; 
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is a no-op if the database schema is already initialised.
-** Otherwise, the schema is loaded. An error code is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  if( !db->init.busy ){
-    rc = sqlite3Init(db, &pParse->zErrMsg);
-  }
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    pParse->rc = rc;
-    pParse->nErr++;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Check schema cookies in all databases.  If any cookie is out
-** of date set pParse->rc to SQLITE_SCHEMA.  If all schema cookies
-** make no changes to pParse->rc.
-*/
-static void schemaIsValid(Parse *pParse){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int iDb;
-  int rc;
-  int cookie;
-
-  assert( pParse->checkSchema );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  for(iDb=0; iDb<db->nDb; iDb++){
-    int openedTransaction = 0;         /* True if a transaction is opened */
-    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;     /* Btree database to read cookie from */
-    if( pBt==0 ) continue;
-
-    /* If there is not already a read-only (or read-write) transaction opened
-    ** on the b-tree database, open one now. If a transaction is opened, it 
-    ** will be closed immediately after reading the meta-value. */
-    if( !sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(pBt) ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, 0);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
-        db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      }
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return;
-      openedTransaction = 1;
-    }
-
-    /* Read the schema cookie from the database. If it does not match the 
-    ** value stored as part of the in-memory schema representation,
-    ** set Parse.rc to SQLITE_SCHEMA. */
-    sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(pBt, BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION, (u32 *)&cookie);
-    if( cookie!=db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->schema_cookie ){
-      pParse->rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
-    }
-
-    /* Close the transaction, if one was opened. */
-    if( openedTransaction ){
-      sqlite3BtreeCommit(pBt);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert a schema pointer into the iDb index that indicates
-** which database file in db->aDb[] the schema refers to.
-**
-** If the same database is attached more than once, the first
-** attached database is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *pSchema){
-  int i = -1000000;
-
-  /* If pSchema is NULL, then return -1000000. This happens when code in 
-  ** expr.c is trying to resolve a reference to a transient table (i.e. one
-  ** created by a sub-select). In this case the return value of this 
-  ** function should never be used.
-  **
-  ** We return -1000000 instead of the more usual -1 simply because using
-  ** -1000000 as the incorrect index into db->aDb[] is much 
-  ** more likely to cause a segfault than -1 (of course there are assert()
-  ** statements too, but it never hurts to play the odds).
-  */
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  if( pSchema ){
-    for(i=0; ALWAYS(i<db->nDb); i++){
-      if( db->aDb[i].pSchema==pSchema ){
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    assert( i>=0 && i<db->nDb );
-  }
-  return i;
-}
-
-/*
-** Compile the UTF-8 encoded SQL statement zSql into a statement handle.
-*/
-static int sqlite3Prepare(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
-  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
-  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  int saveSqlFlag,          /* True to copy SQL text into the sqlite3_stmt */
-  Vdbe *pReprepare,         /* VM being reprepared */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
-  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
-){
-  Parse *pParse;            /* Parsing context */
-  char *zErrMsg = 0;        /* Error message */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;       /* Result code */
-  int i;                    /* Loop counter */
-
-  /* Allocate the parsing context */
-  pParse = sqlite3StackAllocZero(db, sizeof(*pParse));
-  if( pParse==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    goto end_prepare;
-  }
-  pParse->pReprepare = pReprepare;
-  assert( ppStmt && *ppStmt==0 );
-  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-
-  /* Check to verify that it is possible to get a read lock on all
-  ** database schemas.  The inability to get a read lock indicates that
-  ** some other database connection is holding a write-lock, which in
-  ** turn means that the other connection has made uncommitted changes
-  ** to the schema.
-  **
-  ** Were we to proceed and prepare the statement against the uncommitted
-  ** schema changes and if those schema changes are subsequently rolled
-  ** back and different changes are made in their place, then when this
-  ** prepared statement goes to run the schema cookie would fail to detect
-  ** the schema change.  Disaster would follow.
-  **
-  ** This thread is currently holding mutexes on all Btrees (because
-  ** of the sqlite3BtreeEnterAll() in sqlite3LockAndPrepare()) so it
-  ** is not possible for another thread to start a new schema change
-  ** while this routine is running.  Hence, we do not need to hold 
-  ** locks on the schema, we just need to make sure nobody else is 
-  ** holding them.
-  **
-  ** Note that setting READ_UNCOMMITTED overrides most lock detection,
-  ** but it does *not* override schema lock detection, so this all still
-  ** works even if READ_UNCOMMITTED is set.
-  */
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++) {
-    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-    if( pBt ){
-      assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(pBt) );
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeSchemaLocked(pBt);
-      if( rc ){
-        const char *zDb = db->aDb[i].zName;
-        sqlite3Error(db, rc, "database schema is locked: %s", zDb);
-        testcase( db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommitted );
-        goto end_prepare;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);
-
-  pParse->db = db;
-  if( nBytes>=0 && (nBytes==0 || zSql[nBytes-1]!=0) ){
-    char *zSqlCopy;
-    int mxLen = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH];
-    testcase( nBytes==mxLen );
-    testcase( nBytes==mxLen+1 );
-    if( nBytes>mxLen ){
-      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_TOOBIG, "statement too long");
-      rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, SQLITE_TOOBIG);
-      goto end_prepare;
-    }
-    zSqlCopy = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, zSql, nBytes);
-    if( zSqlCopy ){
-      sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zSqlCopy, &zErrMsg);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zSqlCopy);
-      pParse->zTail = &zSql[pParse->zTail-zSqlCopy];
-    }else{
-      pParse->zTail = &zSql[nBytes];
-    }
-  }else{
-    sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zSql, &zErrMsg);
-  }
-
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  if( pParse->rc==SQLITE_DONE ) pParse->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( pParse->checkSchema ){
-    schemaIsValid(pParse);
-  }
-  if( pParse->rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA ){
-    sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-  }
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  if( pzTail ){
-    *pzTail = pParse->zTail;
-  }
-  rc = pParse->rc;
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pParse->pVdbe && pParse->explain ){
-    static const char * const azColName[] = {
-       "addr", "opcode", "p1", "p2", "p3", "p4", "p5", "comment",
-       "order", "from", "detail"
-    };
-    int iFirst, mx;
-    if( pParse->explain==2 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(pParse->pVdbe, 3);
-      iFirst = 8;
-      mx = 11;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(pParse->pVdbe, 8);
-      iFirst = 0;
-      mx = 8;
-    }
-    for(i=iFirst; i<mx; i++){
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(pParse->pVdbe, i-iFirst, COLNAME_NAME,
-                            azColName[i], SQLITE_STATIC);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  assert( db->init.busy==0 || saveSqlFlag==0 );
-  if( db->init.busy==0 ){
-    Vdbe *pVdbe = pParse->pVdbe;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetSql(pVdbe, zSql, (int)(pParse->zTail-zSql), saveSqlFlag);
-  }
-  if( pParse->pVdbe && (rc!=SQLITE_OK || db->mallocFailed) ){
-    sqlite3VdbeFinalize(pParse->pVdbe);
-    assert(!(*ppStmt));
-  }else{
-    *ppStmt = (sqlite3_stmt*)pParse->pVdbe;
-  }
-
-  if( zErrMsg ){
-    sqlite3Error(db, rc, "%s", zErrMsg);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3Error(db, rc, 0);
-  }
-
-  /* Delete any TriggerPrg structures allocated while parsing this statement. */
-  while( pParse->pTriggerPrg ){
-    TriggerPrg *pT = pParse->pTriggerPrg;
-    pParse->pTriggerPrg = pT->pNext;
-    sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(db, pT->pProgram, 0);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pT);
-  }
-
-end_prepare:
-
-  sqlite3StackFree(db, pParse);
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
-  return rc;
-}
-static int sqlite3LockAndPrepare(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
-  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
-  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  int saveSqlFlag,          /* True to copy SQL text into the sqlite3_stmt */
-  Vdbe *pOld,               /* VM being reprepared */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
-  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
-){
-  int rc;
-  assert( ppStmt!=0 );
-  *ppStmt = 0;
-  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-  rc = sqlite3Prepare(db, zSql, nBytes, saveSqlFlag, pOld, ppStmt, pzTail);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA ){
-    sqlite3_finalize(*ppStmt);
-    rc = sqlite3Prepare(db, zSql, nBytes, saveSqlFlag, pOld, ppStmt, pzTail);
-  }
-  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Rerun the compilation of a statement after a schema change.
-**
-** If the statement is successfully recompiled, return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise,
-** if the statement cannot be recompiled because another connection has
-** locked the sqlite3_master table, return SQLITE_LOCKED. If any other error
-** occurs, return SQLITE_SCHEMA.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe *p){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pNew;
-  const char *zSql;
-  sqlite3 *db;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3VdbeDb(p)->mutex) );
-  zSql = sqlite3_sql((sqlite3_stmt *)p);
-  assert( zSql!=0 );  /* Reprepare only called for prepare_v2() statements */
-  db = sqlite3VdbeDb(p);
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql, -1, 0, p, &pNew, 0);
-  if( rc ){
-    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-    }
-    assert( pNew==0 );
-    return rc;
-  }else{
-    assert( pNew!=0 );
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeSwap((Vdbe*)pNew, p);
-  sqlite3TransferBindings(pNew, (sqlite3_stmt*)p);
-  sqlite3VdbeResetStepResult((Vdbe*)pNew);
-  sqlite3VdbeFinalize((Vdbe*)pNew);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Two versions of the official API.  Legacy and new use.  In the legacy
-** version, the original SQL text is not saved in the prepared statement
-** and so if a schema change occurs, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned by
-** sqlite3_step().  In the new version, the original SQL text is retained
-** and the statement is automatically recompiled if an schema change
-** occurs.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
-  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
-  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
-  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
-){
-  int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db,zSql,nBytes,0,0,ppStmt,pzTail);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
-  return rc;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
-  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
-  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
-  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
-){
-  int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db,zSql,nBytes,1,0,ppStmt,pzTail);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-/*
-** Compile the UTF-16 encoded SQL statement zSql into a statement handle.
-*/
-static int sqlite3Prepare16(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
-  const void *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
-  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  int saveSqlFlag,          /* True to save SQL text into the sqlite3_stmt */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
-  const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
-){
-  /* This function currently works by first transforming the UTF-16
-  ** encoded string to UTF-8, then invoking sqlite3_prepare(). The
-  ** tricky bit is figuring out the pointer to return in *pzTail.
-  */
-  char *zSql8;
-  const char *zTail8 = 0;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  assert( ppStmt );
-  *ppStmt = 0;
-  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  zSql8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zSql, nBytes, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
-  if( zSql8 ){
-    rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql8, -1, saveSqlFlag, 0, ppStmt, &zTail8);
-  }
-
-  if( zTail8 && pzTail ){
-    /* If sqlite3_prepare returns a tail pointer, we calculate the
-    ** equivalent pointer into the UTF-16 string by counting the unicode
-    ** characters between zSql8 and zTail8, and then returning a pointer
-    ** the same number of characters into the UTF-16 string.
-    */
-    int chars_parsed = sqlite3Utf8CharLen(zSql8, (int)(zTail8-zSql8));
-    *pzTail = (u8 *)zSql + sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(zSql, chars_parsed);
-  }
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql8); 
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Two versions of the official API.  Legacy and new use.  In the legacy
-** version, the original SQL text is not saved in the prepared statement
-** and so if a schema change occurs, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned by
-** sqlite3_step().  In the new version, the original SQL text is retained
-** and the statement is automatically recompiled if an schema change
-** occurs.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
-  const void *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
-  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
-  const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
-){
-  int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3Prepare16(db,zSql,nBytes,0,ppStmt,pzTail);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
-  return rc;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
-  const void *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
-  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
-  const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
-){
-  int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3Prepare16(db,zSql,nBytes,1,ppStmt,pzTail);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-
-/************** End of prepare.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file select.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
-** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
-*/
-
-
-/*
-** Delete all the content of a Select structure but do not deallocate
-** the select structure itself.
-*/
-static void clearSelect(sqlite3 *db, Select *p){
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pEList);
-  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, p->pSrc);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pWhere);
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pGroupBy);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pHaving);
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->pPrior);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pOffset);
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize a SelectDest structure.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest *pDest, int eDest, int iParm){
-  pDest->eDest = (u8)eDest;
-  pDest->iParm = iParm;
-  pDest->affinity = 0;
-  pDest->iMem = 0;
-  pDest->nMem = 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Allocate a new Select structure and return a pointer to that
-** structure.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectNew(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
-  ExprList *pEList,     /* which columns to include in the result */
-  SrcList *pSrc,        /* the FROM clause -- which tables to scan */
-  Expr *pWhere,         /* the WHERE clause */
-  ExprList *pGroupBy,   /* the GROUP BY clause */
-  Expr *pHaving,        /* the HAVING clause */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,   /* the ORDER BY clause */
-  int isDistinct,       /* true if the DISTINCT keyword is present */
-  Expr *pLimit,         /* LIMIT value.  NULL means not used */
-  Expr *pOffset         /* OFFSET value.  NULL means no offset */
-){
-  Select *pNew;
-  Select standin;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pNew) );
-  assert( db->mallocFailed || !pOffset || pLimit ); /* OFFSET implies LIMIT */
-  if( pNew==0 ){
-    pNew = &standin;
-    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
-  }
-  if( pEList==0 ){
-    pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, sqlite3Expr(db,TK_ALL,0));
-  }
-  pNew->pEList = pEList;
-  pNew->pSrc = pSrc;
-  pNew->pWhere = pWhere;
-  pNew->pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
-  pNew->pHaving = pHaving;
-  pNew->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
-  pNew->selFlags = isDistinct ? SF_Distinct : 0;
-  pNew->op = TK_SELECT;
-  pNew->pLimit = pLimit;
-  pNew->pOffset = pOffset;
-  assert( pOffset==0 || pLimit!=0 );
-  pNew->addrOpenEphm[0] = -1;
-  pNew->addrOpenEphm[1] = -1;
-  pNew->addrOpenEphm[2] = -1;
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) {
-    clearSelect(db, pNew);
-    if( pNew!=&standin ) sqlite3DbFree(db, pNew);
-    pNew = 0;
-  }
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete the given Select structure and all of its substructures.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3 *db, Select *p){
-  if( p ){
-    clearSelect(db, p);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Given 1 to 3 identifiers preceeding the JOIN keyword, determine the
-** type of join.  Return an integer constant that expresses that type
-** in terms of the following bit values:
-**
-**     JT_INNER
-**     JT_CROSS
-**     JT_OUTER
-**     JT_NATURAL
-**     JT_LEFT
-**     JT_RIGHT
-**
-** A full outer join is the combination of JT_LEFT and JT_RIGHT.
-**
-** If an illegal or unsupported join type is seen, then still return
-** a join type, but put an error in the pParse structure.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JoinType(Parse *pParse, Token *pA, Token *pB, Token *pC){
-  int jointype = 0;
-  Token *apAll[3];
-  Token *p;
-                             /*   0123456789 123456789 123456789 123 */
-  static const char zKeyText[] = "naturaleftouterightfullinnercross";
-  static const struct {
-    u8 i;        /* Beginning of keyword text in zKeyText[] */
-    u8 nChar;    /* Length of the keyword in characters */
-    u8 code;     /* Join type mask */
-  } aKeyword[] = {
-    /* natural */ { 0,  7, JT_NATURAL                },
-    /* left    */ { 6,  4, JT_LEFT|JT_OUTER          },
-    /* outer   */ { 10, 5, JT_OUTER                  },
-    /* right   */ { 14, 5, JT_RIGHT|JT_OUTER         },
-    /* full    */ { 19, 4, JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT|JT_OUTER },
-    /* inner   */ { 23, 5, JT_INNER                  },
-    /* cross   */ { 28, 5, JT_INNER|JT_CROSS         },
-  };
-  int i, j;
-  apAll[0] = pA;
-  apAll[1] = pB;
-  apAll[2] = pC;
-  for(i=0; i<3 && apAll[i]; i++){
-    p = apAll[i];
-    for(j=0; j<ArraySize(aKeyword); j++){
-      if( p->n==aKeyword[j].nChar 
-          && sqlite3StrNICmp((char*)p->z, &zKeyText[aKeyword[j].i], p->n)==0 ){
-        jointype |= aKeyword[j].code;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    testcase( j==0 || j==1 || j==2 || j==3 || j==4 || j==5 || j==6 );
-    if( j>=ArraySize(aKeyword) ){
-      jointype |= JT_ERROR;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  if(
-     (jointype & (JT_INNER|JT_OUTER))==(JT_INNER|JT_OUTER) ||
-     (jointype & JT_ERROR)!=0
-  ){
-    const char *zSp = " ";
-    assert( pB!=0 );
-    if( pC==0 ){ zSp++; }
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown or unsupported join type: "
-       "%T %T%s%T", pA, pB, zSp, pC);
-    jointype = JT_INNER;
-  }else if( (jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0 
-         && (jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT))!=JT_LEFT ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-      "RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOINs are not currently supported");
-    jointype = JT_INNER;
-  }
-  return jointype;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the index of a column in a table.  Return -1 if the column
-** is not contained in the table.
-*/
-static int columnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol){
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(pTab->aCol[i].zName, zCol)==0 ) return i;
-  }
-  return -1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Search the first N tables in pSrc, from left to right, looking for a
-** table that has a column named zCol.  
-**
-** When found, set *piTab and *piCol to the table index and column index
-** of the matching column and return TRUE.
-**
-** If not found, return FALSE.
-*/
-static int tableAndColumnIndex(
-  SrcList *pSrc,       /* Array of tables to search */
-  int N,               /* Number of tables in pSrc->a[] to search */
-  const char *zCol,    /* Name of the column we are looking for */
-  int *piTab,          /* Write index of pSrc->a[] here */
-  int *piCol           /* Write index of pSrc->a[*piTab].pTab->aCol[] here */
-){
-  int i;               /* For looping over tables in pSrc */
-  int iCol;            /* Index of column matching zCol */
-
-  assert( (piTab==0)==(piCol==0) );  /* Both or neither are NULL */
-  for(i=0; i<N; i++){
-    iCol = columnIndex(pSrc->a[i].pTab, zCol);
-    if( iCol>=0 ){
-      if( piTab ){
-        *piTab = i;
-        *piCol = iCol;
-      }
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is used to add terms implied by JOIN syntax to the
-** WHERE clause expression of a SELECT statement. The new term, which
-** is ANDed with the existing WHERE clause, is of the form:
-**
-**    (tab1.col1 = tab2.col2)
-**
-** where tab1 is the iSrc'th table in SrcList pSrc and tab2 is the 
-** (iSrc+1)'th. Column col1 is column iColLeft of tab1, and col2 is
-** column iColRight of tab2.
-*/
-static void addWhereTerm(
-  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parsing context */
-  SrcList *pSrc,                  /* List of tables in FROM clause */
-  int iLeft,                      /* Index of first table to join in pSrc */
-  int iColLeft,                   /* Index of column in first table */
-  int iRight,                     /* Index of second table in pSrc */
-  int iColRight,                  /* Index of column in second table */
-  int isOuterJoin,                /* True if this is an OUTER join */
-  Expr **ppWhere                  /* IN/OUT: The WHERE clause to add to */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  Expr *pE1;
-  Expr *pE2;
-  Expr *pEq;
-
-  assert( iLeft<iRight );
-  assert( pSrc->nSrc>iRight );
-  assert( pSrc->a[iLeft].pTab );
-  assert( pSrc->a[iRight].pTab );
-
-  pE1 = sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(db, pSrc, iLeft, iColLeft);
-  pE2 = sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(db, pSrc, iRight, iColRight);
-
-  pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pE1, pE2, 0);
-  if( pEq && isOuterJoin ){
-    ExprSetProperty(pEq, EP_FromJoin);
-    assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pEq, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
-    ExprSetIrreducible(pEq);
-    pEq->iRightJoinTable = (i16)pE2->iTable;
-  }
-  *ppWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, *ppWhere, pEq);
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the EP_FromJoin property on all terms of the given expression.
-** And set the Expr.iRightJoinTable to iTable for every term in the
-** expression.
-**
-** The EP_FromJoin property is used on terms of an expression to tell
-** the LEFT OUTER JOIN processing logic that this term is part of the
-** join restriction specified in the ON or USING clause and not a part
-** of the more general WHERE clause.  These terms are moved over to the
-** WHERE clause during join processing but we need to remember that they
-** originated in the ON or USING clause.
-**
-** The Expr.iRightJoinTable tells the WHERE clause processing that the
-** expression depends on table iRightJoinTable even if that table is not
-** explicitly mentioned in the expression.  That information is needed
-** for cases like this:
-**
-**    SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.b AND t1.x=5
-**
-** The where clause needs to defer the handling of the t1.x=5
-** term until after the t2 loop of the join.  In that way, a
-** NULL t2 row will be inserted whenever t1.x!=5.  If we do not
-** defer the handling of t1.x=5, it will be processed immediately
-** after the t1 loop and rows with t1.x!=5 will never appear in
-** the output, which is incorrect.
-*/
-static void setJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable){
-  while( p ){
-    ExprSetProperty(p, EP_FromJoin);
-    assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
-    ExprSetIrreducible(p);
-    p->iRightJoinTable = (i16)iTable;
-    setJoinExpr(p->pLeft, iTable);
-    p = p->pRight;
-  } 
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine processes the join information for a SELECT statement.
-** ON and USING clauses are converted into extra terms of the WHERE clause.
-** NATURAL joins also create extra WHERE clause terms.
-**
-** The terms of a FROM clause are contained in the Select.pSrc structure.
-** The left most table is the first entry in Select.pSrc.  The right-most
-** table is the last entry.  The join operator is held in the entry to
-** the left.  Thus entry 0 contains the join operator for the join between
-** entries 0 and 1.  Any ON or USING clauses associated with the join are
-** also attached to the left entry.
-**
-** This routine returns the number of errors encountered.
-*/
-static int sqliteProcessJoin(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
-  SrcList *pSrc;                  /* All tables in the FROM clause */
-  int i, j;                       /* Loop counters */
-  struct SrcList_item *pLeft;     /* Left table being joined */
-  struct SrcList_item *pRight;    /* Right table being joined */
-
-  pSrc = p->pSrc;
-  pLeft = &pSrc->a[0];
-  pRight = &pLeft[1];
-  for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc-1; i++, pRight++, pLeft++){
-    Table *pLeftTab = pLeft->pTab;
-    Table *pRightTab = pRight->pTab;
-    int isOuter;
-
-    if( NEVER(pLeftTab==0 || pRightTab==0) ) continue;
-    isOuter = (pRight->jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0;
-
-    /* When the NATURAL keyword is present, add WHERE clause terms for
-    ** every column that the two tables have in common.
-    */
-    if( pRight->jointype & JT_NATURAL ){
-      if( pRight->pOn || pRight->pUsing ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "a NATURAL join may not have "
-           "an ON or USING clause", 0);
-        return 1;
-      }
-      for(j=0; j<pRightTab->nCol; j++){
-        char *zName;   /* Name of column in the right table */
-        int iLeft;     /* Matching left table */
-        int iLeftCol;  /* Matching column in the left table */
-
-        zName = pRightTab->aCol[j].zName;
-        if( tableAndColumnIndex(pSrc, i+1, zName, &iLeft, &iLeftCol) ){
-          addWhereTerm(pParse, pSrc, iLeft, iLeftCol, i+1, j,
-                       isOuter, &p->pWhere);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Disallow both ON and USING clauses in the same join
-    */
-    if( pRight->pOn && pRight->pUsing ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot have both ON and USING "
-        "clauses in the same join");
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    /* Add the ON clause to the end of the WHERE clause, connected by
-    ** an AND operator.
-    */
-    if( pRight->pOn ){
-      if( isOuter ) setJoinExpr(pRight->pOn, pRight->iCursor);
-      p->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, p->pWhere, pRight->pOn);
-      pRight->pOn = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* Create extra terms on the WHERE clause for each column named
-    ** in the USING clause.  Example: If the two tables to be joined are 
-    ** A and B and the USING clause names X, Y, and Z, then add this
-    ** to the WHERE clause:    A.X=B.X AND A.Y=B.Y AND A.Z=B.Z
-    ** Report an error if any column mentioned in the USING clause is
-    ** not contained in both tables to be joined.
-    */
-    if( pRight->pUsing ){
-      IdList *pList = pRight->pUsing;
-      for(j=0; j<pList->nId; j++){
-        char *zName;     /* Name of the term in the USING clause */
-        int iLeft;       /* Table on the left with matching column name */
-        int iLeftCol;    /* Column number of matching column on the left */
-        int iRightCol;   /* Column number of matching column on the right */
-
-        zName = pList->a[j].zName;
-        iRightCol = columnIndex(pRightTab, zName);
-        if( iRightCol<0
-         || !tableAndColumnIndex(pSrc, i+1, zName, &iLeft, &iLeftCol)
-        ){
-          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot join using column %s - column "
-            "not present in both tables", zName);
-          return 1;
-        }
-        addWhereTerm(pParse, pSrc, iLeft, iLeftCol, i+1, iRightCol,
-                     isOuter, &p->pWhere);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Insert code into "v" that will push the record on the top of the
-** stack into the sorter.
-*/
-static void pushOntoSorter(
-  Parse *pParse,         /* Parser context */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,    /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  Select *pSelect,       /* The whole SELECT statement */
-  int regData            /* Register holding data to be sorted */
-){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int nExpr = pOrderBy->nExpr;
-  int regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nExpr+2);
-  int regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-  sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pOrderBy, regBase, 0);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, pOrderBy->iECursor, regBase+nExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regData, regBase+nExpr+1, 1);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase, nExpr + 2, regRecord);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, pOrderBy->iECursor, regRecord);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regBase, nExpr+2);
-  if( pSelect->iLimit ){
-    int addr1, addr2;
-    int iLimit;
-    if( pSelect->iOffset ){
-      iLimit = pSelect->iOffset+1;
-    }else{
-      iLimit = pSelect->iLimit;
-    }
-    addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfZero, iLimit);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, iLimit, -1);
-    addr2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Last, pOrderBy->iECursor);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Delete, pOrderBy->iECursor);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr2);
-    pSelect->iLimit = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Add code to implement the OFFSET
-*/
-static void codeOffset(
-  Vdbe *v,          /* Generate code into this VM */
-  Select *p,        /* The SELECT statement being coded */
-  int iContinue     /* Jump here to skip the current record */
-){
-  if( p->iOffset && iContinue!=0 ){
-    int addr;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, p->iOffset, -1);
-    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNeg, p->iOffset);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iContinue);
-    VdbeComment((v, "skip OFFSET records"));
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Add code that will check to make sure the N registers starting at iMem
-** form a distinct entry.  iTab is a sorting index that holds previously
-** seen combinations of the N values.  A new entry is made in iTab
-** if the current N values are new.
-**
-** A jump to addrRepeat is made and the N+1 values are popped from the
-** stack if the top N elements are not distinct.
-*/
-static void codeDistinct(
-  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing and code generating context */
-  int iTab,          /* A sorting index used to test for distinctness */
-  int addrRepeat,    /* Jump to here if not distinct */
-  int N,             /* Number of elements */
-  int iMem           /* First element */
-){
-  Vdbe *v;
-  int r1;
-
-  v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iTab, addrRepeat, iMem, N);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, iMem, N, r1);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iTab, r1);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate an error message when a SELECT is used within a subexpression
-** (example:  "a IN (SELECT * FROM table)") but it has more than 1 result
-** column.  We do this in a subroutine because the error occurs in multiple
-** places.
-*/
-static int checkForMultiColumnSelectError(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* Parse context. */
-  SelectDest *pDest,   /* Destination of SELECT results */
-  int nExpr            /* Number of result columns returned by SELECT */
-){
-  int eDest = pDest->eDest;
-  if( nExpr>1 && (eDest==SRT_Mem || eDest==SRT_Set) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "only a single result allowed for "
-       "a SELECT that is part of an expression");
-    return 1;
-  }else{
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine generates the code for the inside of the inner loop
-** of a SELECT.
-**
-** If srcTab and nColumn are both zero, then the pEList expressions
-** are evaluated in order to get the data for this row.  If nColumn>0
-** then data is pulled from srcTab and pEList is used only to get the
-** datatypes for each column.
-*/
-static void selectInnerLoop(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* The parser context */
-  Select *p,              /* The complete select statement being coded */
-  ExprList *pEList,       /* List of values being extracted */
-  int srcTab,             /* Pull data from this table */
-  int nColumn,            /* Number of columns in the source table */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,     /* If not NULL, sort results using this key */
-  int distinct,           /* If >=0, make sure results are distinct */
-  SelectDest *pDest,      /* How to dispose of the results */
-  int iContinue,          /* Jump here to continue with next row */
-  int iBreak              /* Jump here to break out of the inner loop */
-){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int i;
-  int hasDistinct;        /* True if the DISTINCT keyword is present */
-  int regResult;              /* Start of memory holding result set */
-  int eDest = pDest->eDest;   /* How to dispose of results */
-  int iParm = pDest->iParm;   /* First argument to disposal method */
-  int nResultCol;             /* Number of result columns */
-
-  assert( v );
-  if( NEVER(v==0) ) return;
-  assert( pEList!=0 );
-  hasDistinct = distinct>=0;
-  if( pOrderBy==0 && !hasDistinct ){
-    codeOffset(v, p, iContinue);
-  }
-
-  /* Pull the requested columns.
-  */
-  if( nColumn>0 ){
-    nResultCol = nColumn;
-  }else{
-    nResultCol = pEList->nExpr;
-  }
-  if( pDest->iMem==0 ){
-    pDest->iMem = pParse->nMem+1;
-    pDest->nMem = nResultCol;
-    pParse->nMem += nResultCol;
-  }else{ 
-    assert( pDest->nMem==nResultCol );
-  }
-  regResult = pDest->iMem;
-  if( nColumn>0 ){
-    for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, i, regResult+i);
-    }
-  }else if( eDest!=SRT_Exists ){
-    /* If the destination is an EXISTS(...) expression, the actual
-    ** values returned by the SELECT are not required.
-    */
-    sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-    sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pEList, regResult, eDest==SRT_Output);
-  }
-  nColumn = nResultCol;
-
-  /* If the DISTINCT keyword was present on the SELECT statement
-  ** and this row has been seen before, then do not make this row
-  ** part of the result.
-  */
-  if( hasDistinct ){
-    assert( pEList!=0 );
-    assert( pEList->nExpr==nColumn );
-    codeDistinct(pParse, distinct, iContinue, nColumn, regResult);
-    if( pOrderBy==0 ){
-      codeOffset(v, p, iContinue);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( checkForMultiColumnSelectError(pParse, pDest, pEList->nExpr) ){
-    return;
-  }
-
-  switch( eDest ){
-    /* In this mode, write each query result to the key of the temporary
-    ** table iParm.
-    */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
-    case SRT_Union: {
-      int r1;
-      r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nColumn, r1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /* Construct a record from the query result, but instead of
-    ** saving that record, use it as a key to delete elements from
-    ** the temporary table iParm.
-    */
-    case SRT_Except: {
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IdxDelete, iParm, regResult, nColumn);
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* Store the result as data using a unique key.
-    */
-    case SRT_Table:
-    case SRT_EphemTab: {
-      int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      testcase( eDest==SRT_Table );
-      testcase( eDest==SRT_EphemTab );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nColumn, r1);
-      if( pOrderBy ){
-        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pOrderBy, p, r1);
-      }else{
-        int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, r2);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, r1, r2);
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
-      }
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-      break;
-    }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-    /* If we are creating a set for an "expr IN (SELECT ...)" construct,
-    ** then there should be a single item on the stack.  Write this
-    ** item into the set table with bogus data.
-    */
-    case SRT_Set: {
-      assert( nColumn==1 );
-      p->affinity = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pEList->a[0].pExpr, pDest->affinity);
-      if( pOrderBy ){
-        /* At first glance you would think we could optimize out the
-        ** ORDER BY in this case since the order of entries in the set
-        ** does not matter.  But there might be a LIMIT clause, in which
-        ** case the order does matter */
-        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pOrderBy, p, regResult);
-      }else{
-        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, 1, r1, &p->affinity, 1);
-        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, 1);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1);
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /* If any row exist in the result set, record that fact and abort.
-    */
-    case SRT_Exists: {
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iParm);
-      /* The LIMIT clause will terminate the loop for us */
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
-    ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
-    ** of the scan loop.
-    */
-    case SRT_Mem: {
-      assert( nColumn==1 );
-      if( pOrderBy ){
-        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pOrderBy, p, regResult);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regResult, iParm, 1);
-        /* The LIMIT clause will jump out of the loop for us */
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */
-
-    /* Send the data to the callback function or to a subroutine.  In the
-    ** case of a subroutine, the subroutine itself is responsible for
-    ** popping the data from the stack.
-    */
-    case SRT_Coroutine:
-    case SRT_Output: {
-      testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
-      testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
-      if( pOrderBy ){
-        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nColumn, r1);
-        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pOrderBy, p, r1);
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-      }else if( eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iParm);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regResult, nColumn);
-        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, nColumn);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-    /* Discard the results.  This is used for SELECT statements inside
-    ** the body of a TRIGGER.  The purpose of such selects is to call
-    ** user-defined functions that have side effects.  We do not care
-    ** about the actual results of the select.
-    */
-    default: {
-      assert( eDest==SRT_Discard );
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-
-  /* Jump to the end of the loop if the LIMIT is reached.
-  */
-  if( p->iLimit ){
-    assert( pOrderBy==0 );  /* If there is an ORDER BY, the call to
-                            ** pushOntoSorter() would have cleared p->iLimit */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfZero, p->iLimit, iBreak, -1);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Given an expression list, generate a KeyInfo structure that records
-** the collating sequence for each expression in that expression list.
-**
-** If the ExprList is an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause then the resulting
-** KeyInfo structure is appropriate for initializing a virtual index to
-** implement that clause.  If the ExprList is the result set of a SELECT
-** then the KeyInfo structure is appropriate for initializing a virtual
-** index to implement a DISTINCT test.
-**
-** Space to hold the KeyInfo structure is obtain from malloc.  The calling
-** function is responsible for seeing that this structure is eventually
-** freed.  Add the KeyInfo structure to the P4 field of an opcode using
-** P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF is the usual way of dealing with this.
-*/
-static KeyInfo *keyInfoFromExprList(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pList){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int nExpr;
-  KeyInfo *pInfo;
-  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-  int i;
-
-  nExpr = pList->nExpr;
-  pInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pInfo) + nExpr*(sizeof(CollSeq*)+1) );
-  if( pInfo ){
-    pInfo->aSortOrder = (u8*)&pInfo->aColl[nExpr];
-    pInfo->nField = (u16)nExpr;
-    pInfo->enc = ENC(db);
-    pInfo->db = db;
-    for(i=0, pItem=pList->a; i<nExpr; i++, pItem++){
-      CollSeq *pColl;
-      pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pItem->pExpr);
-      if( !pColl ){
-        pColl = db->pDfltColl;
-      }
-      pInfo->aColl[i] = pColl;
-      pInfo->aSortOrder[i] = pItem->sortOrder;
-    }
-  }
-  return pInfo;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** If the inner loop was generated using a non-null pOrderBy argument,
-** then the results were placed in a sorter.  After the loop is terminated
-** we need to run the sorter and output the results.  The following
-** routine generates the code needed to do that.
-*/
-static void generateSortTail(
-  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
-  Select *p,        /* The SELECT statement */
-  Vdbe *v,          /* Generate code into this VDBE */
-  int nColumn,      /* Number of columns of data */
-  SelectDest *pDest /* Write the sorted results here */
-){
-  int addrBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);     /* Jump here to exit loop */
-  int addrContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);  /* Jump here for next cycle */
-  int addr;
-  int iTab;
-  int pseudoTab = 0;
-  ExprList *pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
-
-  int eDest = pDest->eDest;
-  int iParm = pDest->iParm;
-
-  int regRow;
-  int regRowid;
-
-  iTab = pOrderBy->iECursor;
-  regRow = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  if( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
-    pseudoTab = pParse->nTab++;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, pseudoTab, regRow, nColumn);
-    regRowid = 0;
-  }else{
-    regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  }
-  addr = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sort, iTab, addrBreak);
-  codeOffset(v, p, addrContinue);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iTab, pOrderBy->nExpr + 1, regRow);
-  switch( eDest ){
-    case SRT_Table:
-    case SRT_EphemTab: {
-      testcase( eDest==SRT_Table );
-      testcase( eDest==SRT_EphemTab );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, regRowid);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, regRow, regRowid);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
-      break;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-    case SRT_Set: {
-      assert( nColumn==1 );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regRow, 1, regRowid, &p->affinity, 1);
-      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regRow, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, regRowid);
-      break;
-    }
-    case SRT_Mem: {
-      assert( nColumn==1 );
-      sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regRow, iParm, 1);
-      /* The LIMIT clause will terminate the loop for us */
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-    default: {
-      int i;
-      assert( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ); 
-      testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
-      testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
-      for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
-        assert( regRow!=pDest->iMem+i );
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pseudoTab, i, pDest->iMem+i);
-        if( i==0 ){
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE);
-        }
-      }
-      if( eDest==SRT_Output ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, pDest->iMem, nColumn);
-        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, pDest->iMem, nColumn);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iParm);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRow);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid);
-
-  /* LIMIT has been implemented by the pushOntoSorter() routine.
-  */
-  assert( p->iLimit==0 );
-
-  /* The bottom of the loop
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrContinue);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iTab, addr);
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrBreak);
-  if( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, pseudoTab, 0);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to a string containing the 'declaration type' of the
-** expression pExpr. The string may be treated as static by the caller.
-**
-** The declaration type is the exact datatype definition extracted from the
-** original CREATE TABLE statement if the expression is a column. The
-** declaration type for a ROWID field is INTEGER. Exactly when an expression
-** is considered a column can be complex in the presence of subqueries. The
-** result-set expression in all of the following SELECT statements is 
-** considered a column by this function.
-**
-**   SELECT col FROM tbl;
-**   SELECT (SELECT col FROM tbl;
-**   SELECT (SELECT col FROM tbl);
-**   SELECT abc FROM (SELECT col AS abc FROM tbl);
-** 
-** The declaration type for any expression other than a column is NULL.
-*/
-static const char *columnType(
-  NameContext *pNC, 
-  Expr *pExpr,
-  const char **pzOriginDb,
-  const char **pzOriginTab,
-  const char **pzOriginCol
-){
-  char const *zType = 0;
-  char const *zOriginDb = 0;
-  char const *zOriginTab = 0;
-  char const *zOriginCol = 0;
-  int j;
-  if( NEVER(pExpr==0) || pNC->pSrcList==0 ) return 0;
-
-  switch( pExpr->op ){
-    case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
-    case TK_COLUMN: {
-      /* The expression is a column. Locate the table the column is being
-      ** extracted from in NameContext.pSrcList. This table may be real
-      ** database table or a subquery.
-      */
-      Table *pTab = 0;            /* Table structure column is extracted from */
-      Select *pS = 0;             /* Select the column is extracted from */
-      int iCol = pExpr->iColumn;  /* Index of column in pTab */
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN );
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
-      while( pNC && !pTab ){
-        SrcList *pTabList = pNC->pSrcList;
-        for(j=0;j<pTabList->nSrc && pTabList->a[j].iCursor!=pExpr->iTable;j++);
-        if( j<pTabList->nSrc ){
-          pTab = pTabList->a[j].pTab;
-          pS = pTabList->a[j].pSelect;
-        }else{
-          pNC = pNC->pNext;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if( pTab==0 ){
-        /* At one time, code such as "SELECT new.x" within a trigger would
-        ** cause this condition to run.  Since then, we have restructured how
-        ** trigger code is generated and so this condition is no longer 
-        ** possible. However, it can still be true for statements like
-        ** the following:
-        **
-        **   CREATE TABLE t1(col INTEGER);
-        **   SELECT (SELECT t1.col) FROM FROM t1;
-        **
-        ** when columnType() is called on the expression "t1.col" in the 
-        ** sub-select. In this case, set the column type to NULL, even
-        ** though it should really be "INTEGER".
-        **
-        ** This is not a problem, as the column type of "t1.col" is never
-        ** used. When columnType() is called on the expression 
-        ** "(SELECT t1.col)", the correct type is returned (see the TK_SELECT
-        ** branch below.  */
-        break;
-      }
-
-      assert( pTab && pExpr->pTab==pTab );
-      if( pS ){
-        /* The "table" is actually a sub-select or a view in the FROM clause
-        ** of the SELECT statement. Return the declaration type and origin
-        ** data for the result-set column of the sub-select.
-        */
-        if( iCol>=0 && ALWAYS(iCol<pS->pEList->nExpr) ){
-          /* If iCol is less than zero, then the expression requests the
-          ** rowid of the sub-select or view. This expression is legal (see 
-          ** test case misc2.2.2) - it always evaluates to NULL.
-          */
-          NameContext sNC;
-          Expr *p = pS->pEList->a[iCol].pExpr;
-          sNC.pSrcList = pS->pSrc;
-          sNC.pNext = pNC;
-          sNC.pParse = pNC->pParse;
-          zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOriginDb, &zOriginTab, &zOriginCol); 
-        }
-      }else if( ALWAYS(pTab->pSchema) ){
-        /* A real table */
-        assert( !pS );
-        if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
-        assert( iCol==-1 || (iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol) );
-        if( iCol<0 ){
-          zType = "INTEGER";
-          zOriginCol = "rowid";
-        }else{
-          zType = pTab->aCol[iCol].zType;
-          zOriginCol = pTab->aCol[iCol].zName;
-        }
-        zOriginTab = pTab->zName;
-        if( pNC->pParse ){
-          int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pNC->pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-          zOriginDb = pNC->pParse->db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-    case TK_SELECT: {
-      /* The expression is a sub-select. Return the declaration type and
-      ** origin info for the single column in the result set of the SELECT
-      ** statement.
-      */
-      NameContext sNC;
-      Select *pS = pExpr->x.pSelect;
-      Expr *p = pS->pEList->a[0].pExpr;
-      assert( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-      sNC.pSrcList = pS->pSrc;
-      sNC.pNext = pNC;
-      sNC.pParse = pNC->pParse;
-      zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOriginDb, &zOriginTab, &zOriginCol); 
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  
-  if( pzOriginDb ){
-    assert( pzOriginTab && pzOriginCol );
-    *pzOriginDb = zOriginDb;
-    *pzOriginTab = zOriginTab;
-    *pzOriginCol = zOriginCol;
-  }
-  return zType;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will tell the VDBE the declaration types of columns
-** in the result set.
-*/
-static void generateColumnTypes(
-  Parse *pParse,      /* Parser context */
-  SrcList *pTabList,  /* List of tables */
-  ExprList *pEList    /* Expressions defining the result set */
-){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int i;
-  NameContext sNC;
-  sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
-  sNC.pParse = pParse;
-  for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
-    Expr *p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
-    const char *zType;
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
-    const char *zOrigDb = 0;
-    const char *zOrigTab = 0;
-    const char *zOrigCol = 0;
-    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol);
-
-    /* The vdbe must make its own copy of the column-type and other 
-    ** column specific strings, in case the schema is reset before this
-    ** virtual machine is deleted.
-    */
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_DATABASE, zOrigDb, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_TABLE, zOrigTab, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_COLUMN, zOrigCol, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-#else
-    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0);
-#endif
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_DECLTYPE, zType, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE */
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will tell the VDBE the names of columns
-** in the result set.  This information is used to provide the
-** azCol[] values in the callback.
-*/
-static void generateColumnNames(
-  Parse *pParse,      /* Parser context */
-  SrcList *pTabList,  /* List of tables */
-  ExprList *pEList    /* Expressions defining the result set */
-){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int i, j;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int fullNames, shortNames;
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
-  /* If this is an EXPLAIN, skip this step */
-  if( pParse->explain ){
-    return;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if( pParse->colNamesSet || NEVER(v==0) || db->mallocFailed ) return;
-  pParse->colNamesSet = 1;
-  fullNames = (db->flags & SQLITE_FullColNames)!=0;
-  shortNames = (db->flags & SQLITE_ShortColNames)!=0;
-  sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, pEList->nExpr);
-  for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
-    Expr *p;
-    p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
-    if( NEVER(p==0) ) continue;
-    if( pEList->a[i].zName ){
-      char *zName = pEList->a[i].zName;
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, zName, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    }else if( (p->op==TK_COLUMN || p->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN) && pTabList ){
-      Table *pTab;
-      char *zCol;
-      int iCol = p->iColumn;
-      for(j=0; ALWAYS(j<pTabList->nSrc); j++){
-        if( pTabList->a[j].iCursor==p->iTable ) break;
-      }
-      assert( j<pTabList->nSrc );
-      pTab = pTabList->a[j].pTab;
-      if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
-      assert( iCol==-1 || (iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol) );
-      if( iCol<0 ){
-        zCol = "rowid";
-      }else{
-        zCol = pTab->aCol[iCol].zName;
-      }
-      if( !shortNames && !fullNames ){
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, 
-            sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pEList->a[i].zSpan), SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
-      }else if( fullNames ){
-        char *zName = 0;
-        zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s.%s", pTab->zName, zCol);
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, zName, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, zCol, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-      }
-    }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, 
-          sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pEList->a[i].zSpan), SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
-    }
-  }
-  generateColumnTypes(pParse, pTabList, pEList);
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
-/*
-** Name of the connection operator, used for error messages.
-*/
-static const char *selectOpName(int id){
-  char *z;
-  switch( id ){
-    case TK_ALL:       z = "UNION ALL";   break;
-    case TK_INTERSECT: z = "INTERSECT";   break;
-    case TK_EXCEPT:    z = "EXCEPT";      break;
-    default:           z = "UNION";       break;
-  }
-  return z;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT */
-
-/*
-** Given a an expression list (which is really the list of expressions
-** that form the result set of a SELECT statement) compute appropriate
-** column names for a table that would hold the expression list.
-**
-** All column names will be unique.
-**
-** Only the column names are computed.  Column.zType, Column.zColl,
-** and other fields of Column are zeroed.
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  If a memory allocation error occurs,
-** store NULL in *paCol and 0 in *pnCol and return SQLITE_NOMEM.
-*/
-static int selectColumnsFromExprList(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
-  ExprList *pEList,       /* Expr list from which to derive column names */
-  int *pnCol,             /* Write the number of columns here */
-  Column **paCol          /* Write the new column list here */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;   /* Database connection */
-  int i, j;                   /* Loop counters */
-  int cnt;                    /* Index added to make the name unique */
-  Column *aCol, *pCol;        /* For looping over result columns */
-  int nCol;                   /* Number of columns in the result set */
-  Expr *p;                    /* Expression for a single result column */
-  char *zName;                /* Column name */
-  int nName;                  /* Size of name in zName[] */
-
-  *pnCol = nCol = pEList->nExpr;
-  aCol = *paCol = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(aCol[0])*nCol);
-  if( aCol==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  for(i=0, pCol=aCol; i<nCol; i++, pCol++){
-    /* Get an appropriate name for the column
-    */
-    p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
-    assert( p->pRight==0 || ExprHasProperty(p->pRight, EP_IntValue)
-               || p->pRight->u.zToken==0 || p->pRight->u.zToken[0]!=0 );
-    if( (zName = pEList->a[i].zName)!=0 ){
-      /* If the column contains an "AS <name>" phrase, use <name> as the name */
-      zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
-    }else{
-      Expr *pColExpr = p;  /* The expression that is the result column name */
-      Table *pTab;         /* Table associated with this expression */
-      while( pColExpr->op==TK_DOT ) pColExpr = pColExpr->pRight;
-      if( pColExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && ALWAYS(pColExpr->pTab!=0) ){
-        /* For columns use the column name name */
-        int iCol = pColExpr->iColumn;
-        pTab = pColExpr->pTab;
-        if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
-        zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s",
-                 iCol>=0 ? pTab->aCol[iCol].zName : "rowid");
-      }else if( pColExpr->op==TK_ID ){
-        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pColExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-        zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s", pColExpr->u.zToken);
-      }else{
-        /* Use the original text of the column expression as its name */
-        zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s", pEList->a[i].zSpan);
-      }
-    }
-    if( db->mallocFailed ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /* Make sure the column name is unique.  If the name is not unique,
-    ** append a integer to the name so that it becomes unique.
-    */
-    nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-    for(j=cnt=0; j<i; j++){
-      if( sqlite3StrICmp(aCol[j].zName, zName)==0 ){
-        char *zNewName;
-        zName[nName] = 0;
-        zNewName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s:%d", zName, ++cnt);
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
-        zName = zNewName;
-        j = -1;
-        if( zName==0 ) break;
-      }
-    }
-    pCol->zName = zName;
-  }
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    for(j=0; j<i; j++){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, aCol[j].zName);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, aCol);
-    *paCol = 0;
-    *pnCol = 0;
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add type and collation information to a column list based on
-** a SELECT statement.
-** 
-** The column list presumably came from selectColumnNamesFromExprList().
-** The column list has only names, not types or collations.  This
-** routine goes through and adds the types and collations.
-**
-** This routine requires that all identifiers in the SELECT
-** statement be resolved.
-*/
-static void selectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing contexts */
-  int nCol,             /* Number of columns */
-  Column *aCol,         /* List of columns */
-  Select *pSelect       /* SELECT used to determine types and collations */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  NameContext sNC;
-  Column *pCol;
-  CollSeq *pColl;
-  int i;
-  Expr *p;
-  struct ExprList_item *a;
-
-  assert( pSelect!=0 );
-  assert( (pSelect->selFlags & SF_Resolved)!=0 );
-  assert( nCol==pSelect->pEList->nExpr || db->mallocFailed );
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
-  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
-  sNC.pSrcList = pSelect->pSrc;
-  a = pSelect->pEList->a;
-  for(i=0, pCol=aCol; i<nCol; i++, pCol++){
-    p = a[i].pExpr;
-    pCol->zType = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0));
-    pCol->affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(p);
-    if( pCol->affinity==0 ) pCol->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-    pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p);
-    if( pColl ){
-      pCol->zColl = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pColl->zName);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Given a SELECT statement, generate a Table structure that describes
-** the result set of that SELECT.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
-  Table *pTab;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int savedFlags;
-
-  savedFlags = db->flags;
-  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_FullColNames;
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_ShortColNames;
-  sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, pSelect, 0);
-  if( pParse->nErr ) return 0;
-  while( pSelect->pPrior ) pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
-  db->flags = savedFlags;
-  pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table) );
-  if( pTab==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  /* The sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() is only used n contexts where lookaside
-  ** is disabled, so we might as well hard-code pTab->dbMem to NULL. */
-  assert( db->lookaside.bEnabled==0 );
-  pTab->dbMem = 0;
-  pTab->nRef = 1;
-  pTab->zName = 0;
-  selectColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSelect->pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
-  selectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTab->nCol, pTab->aCol, pSelect);
-  pTab->iPKey = -1;
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(pTab);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return pTab;
-}
-
-/*
-** Get a VDBE for the given parser context.  Create a new one if necessary.
-** If an error occurs, return NULL and leave a message in pParse.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse *pParse){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  if( v==0 ){
-    v = pParse->pVdbe = sqlite3VdbeCreate(pParse->db);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-    if( v ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Trace);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  return v;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Compute the iLimit and iOffset fields of the SELECT based on the
-** pLimit and pOffset expressions.  pLimit and pOffset hold the expressions
-** that appear in the original SQL statement after the LIMIT and OFFSET
-** keywords.  Or NULL if those keywords are omitted. iLimit and iOffset 
-** are the integer memory register numbers for counters used to compute 
-** the limit and offset.  If there is no limit and/or offset, then 
-** iLimit and iOffset are negative.
-**
-** This routine changes the values of iLimit and iOffset only if
-** a limit or offset is defined by pLimit and pOffset.  iLimit and
-** iOffset should have been preset to appropriate default values
-** (usually but not always -1) prior to calling this routine.
-** Only if pLimit!=0 or pOffset!=0 do the limit registers get
-** redefined.  The UNION ALL operator uses this property to force
-** the reuse of the same limit and offset registers across multiple
-** SELECT statements.
-*/
-static void computeLimitRegisters(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int iBreak){
-  Vdbe *v = 0;
-  int iLimit = 0;
-  int iOffset;
-  int addr1, n;
-  if( p->iLimit ) return;
-
-  /* 
-  ** "LIMIT -1" always shows all rows.  There is some
-  ** contraversy about what the correct behavior should be.
-  ** The current implementation interprets "LIMIT 0" to mean
-  ** no rows.
-  */
-  sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-  assert( p->pOffset==0 || p->pLimit!=0 );
-  if( p->pLimit ){
-    p->iLimit = iLimit = ++pParse->nMem;
-    v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-    if( NEVER(v==0) ) return;  /* VDBE should have already been allocated */
-    if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(p->pLimit, &n) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, n, iLimit);
-      VdbeComment((v, "LIMIT counter"));
-      if( n==0 ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iBreak);
-      }
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, p->pLimit, iLimit);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, iLimit);
-      VdbeComment((v, "LIMIT counter"));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfZero, iLimit, iBreak);
-    }
-    if( p->pOffset ){
-      p->iOffset = iOffset = ++pParse->nMem;
-      pParse->nMem++;   /* Allocate an extra register for limit+offset */
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, p->pOffset, iOffset);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, iOffset);
-      VdbeComment((v, "OFFSET counter"));
-      addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, iOffset);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, iOffset);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Add, iLimit, iOffset, iOffset+1);
-      VdbeComment((v, "LIMIT+OFFSET"));
-      addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, iLimit);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, -1, iOffset+1);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
-/*
-** Return the appropriate collating sequence for the iCol-th column of
-** the result set for the compound-select statement "p".  Return NULL if
-** the column has no default collating sequence.
-**
-** The collating sequence for the compound select is taken from the
-** left-most term of the select that has a collating sequence.
-*/
-static CollSeq *multiSelectCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int iCol){
-  CollSeq *pRet;
-  if( p->pPrior ){
-    pRet = multiSelectCollSeq(pParse, p->pPrior, iCol);
-  }else{
-    pRet = 0;
-  }
-  assert( iCol>=0 );
-  if( pRet==0 && iCol<p->pEList->nExpr ){
-    pRet = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p->pEList->a[iCol].pExpr);
-  }
-  return pRet;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT */
-
-/* Forward reference */
-static int multiSelectOrderBy(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
-  Select *p,            /* The right-most of SELECTs to be coded */
-  SelectDest *pDest     /* What to do with query results */
-);
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
-/*
-** This routine is called to process a compound query form from
-** two or more separate queries using UNION, UNION ALL, EXCEPT, or
-** INTERSECT
-**
-** "p" points to the right-most of the two queries.  the query on the
-** left is p->pPrior.  The left query could also be a compound query
-** in which case this routine will be called recursively. 
-**
-** The results of the total query are to be written into a destination
-** of type eDest with parameter iParm.
-**
-** Example 1:  Consider a three-way compound SQL statement.
-**
-**     SELECT a FROM t1 UNION SELECT b FROM t2 UNION SELECT c FROM t3
-**
-** This statement is parsed up as follows:
-**
-**     SELECT c FROM t3
-**      |
-**      `----->  SELECT b FROM t2
-**                |
-**                `------>  SELECT a FROM t1
-**
-** The arrows in the diagram above represent the Select.pPrior pointer.
-** So if this routine is called with p equal to the t3 query, then
-** pPrior will be the t2 query.  p->op will be TK_UNION in this case.
-**
-** Notice that because of the way SQLite parses compound SELECTs, the
-** individual selects always group from left to right.
-*/
-static int multiSelect(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
-  Select *p,            /* The right-most of SELECTs to be coded */
-  SelectDest *pDest     /* What to do with query results */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;   /* Success code from a subroutine */
-  Select *pPrior;       /* Another SELECT immediately to our left */
-  Vdbe *v;              /* Generate code to this VDBE */
-  SelectDest dest;      /* Alternative data destination */
-  Select *pDelete = 0;  /* Chain of simple selects to delete */
-  sqlite3 *db;          /* Database connection */
-
-  /* Make sure there is no ORDER BY or LIMIT clause on prior SELECTs.  Only
-  ** the last (right-most) SELECT in the series may have an ORDER BY or LIMIT.
-  */
-  assert( p && p->pPrior );  /* Calling function guarantees this much */
-  db = pParse->db;
-  pPrior = p->pPrior;
-  assert( pPrior->pRightmost!=pPrior );
-  assert( pPrior->pRightmost==p->pRightmost );
-  dest = *pDest;
-  if( pPrior->pOrderBy ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"ORDER BY clause should come after %s not before",
-      selectOpName(p->op));
-    rc = 1;
-    goto multi_select_end;
-  }
-  if( pPrior->pLimit ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"LIMIT clause should come after %s not before",
-      selectOpName(p->op));
-    rc = 1;
-    goto multi_select_end;
-  }
-
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  assert( v!=0 );  /* The VDBE already created by calling function */
-
-  /* Create the destination temporary table if necessary
-  */
-  if( dest.eDest==SRT_EphemTab ){
-    assert( p->pEList );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, dest.iParm, p->pEList->nExpr);
-    dest.eDest = SRT_Table;
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure all SELECTs in the statement have the same number of elements
-  ** in their result sets.
-  */
-  assert( p->pEList && pPrior->pEList );
-  if( p->pEList->nExpr!=pPrior->pEList->nExpr ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "SELECTs to the left and right of %s"
-      " do not have the same number of result columns", selectOpName(p->op));
-    rc = 1;
-    goto multi_select_end;
-  }
-
-  /* Compound SELECTs that have an ORDER BY clause are handled separately.
-  */
-  if( p->pOrderBy ){
-    return multiSelectOrderBy(pParse, p, pDest);
-  }
-
-  /* Generate code for the left and right SELECT statements.
-  */
-  switch( p->op ){
-    case TK_ALL: {
-      int addr = 0;
-      assert( !pPrior->pLimit );
-      pPrior->pLimit = p->pLimit;
-      pPrior->pOffset = p->pOffset;
-      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &dest);
-      p->pLimit = 0;
-      p->pOffset = 0;
-      if( rc ){
-        goto multi_select_end;
-      }
-      p->pPrior = 0;
-      p->iLimit = pPrior->iLimit;
-      p->iOffset = pPrior->iOffset;
-      if( p->iLimit ){
-        addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfZero, p->iLimit);
-        VdbeComment((v, "Jump ahead if LIMIT reached"));
-      }
-      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &dest);
-      testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-      pDelete = p->pPrior;
-      p->pPrior = pPrior;
-      if( addr ){
-        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case TK_EXCEPT:
-    case TK_UNION: {
-      int unionTab;    /* Cursor number of the temporary table holding result */
-      u8 op = 0;       /* One of the SRT_ operations to apply to self */
-      int priorOp;     /* The SRT_ operation to apply to prior selects */
-      Expr *pLimit, *pOffset; /* Saved values of p->nLimit and p->nOffset */
-      int addr;
-      SelectDest uniondest;
-
-      testcase( p->op==TK_EXCEPT );
-      testcase( p->op==TK_UNION );
-      priorOp = SRT_Union;
-      if( dest.eDest==priorOp && ALWAYS(!p->pLimit &&!p->pOffset) ){
-        /* We can reuse a temporary table generated by a SELECT to our
-        ** right.
-        */
-        assert( p->pRightmost!=p );  /* Can only happen for leftward elements
-                                     ** of a 3-way or more compound */
-        assert( p->pLimit==0 );      /* Not allowed on leftward elements */
-        assert( p->pOffset==0 );     /* Not allowed on leftward elements */
-        unionTab = dest.iParm;
-      }else{
-        /* We will need to create our own temporary table to hold the
-        ** intermediate results.
-        */
-        unionTab = pParse->nTab++;
-        assert( p->pOrderBy==0 );
-        addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, unionTab, 0);
-        assert( p->addrOpenEphm[0] == -1 );
-        p->addrOpenEphm[0] = addr;
-        p->pRightmost->selFlags |= SF_UsesEphemeral;
-        assert( p->pEList );
-      }
-
-      /* Code the SELECT statements to our left
-      */
-      assert( !pPrior->pOrderBy );
-      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&uniondest, priorOp, unionTab);
-      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &uniondest);
-      if( rc ){
-        goto multi_select_end;
-      }
-
-      /* Code the current SELECT statement
-      */
-      if( p->op==TK_EXCEPT ){
-        op = SRT_Except;
-      }else{
-        assert( p->op==TK_UNION );
-        op = SRT_Union;
-      }
-      p->pPrior = 0;
-      pLimit = p->pLimit;
-      p->pLimit = 0;
-      pOffset = p->pOffset;
-      p->pOffset = 0;
-      uniondest.eDest = op;
-      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &uniondest);
-      testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-      /* Query flattening in sqlite3Select() might refill p->pOrderBy.
-      ** Be sure to delete p->pOrderBy, therefore, to avoid a memory leak. */
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
-      pDelete = p->pPrior;
-      p->pPrior = pPrior;
-      p->pOrderBy = 0;
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
-      p->pLimit = pLimit;
-      p->pOffset = pOffset;
-      p->iLimit = 0;
-      p->iOffset = 0;
-
-      /* Convert the data in the temporary table into whatever form
-      ** it is that we currently need.
-      */
-      assert( unionTab==dest.iParm || dest.eDest!=priorOp );
-      if( dest.eDest!=priorOp ){
-        int iCont, iBreak, iStart;
-        assert( p->pEList );
-        if( dest.eDest==SRT_Output ){
-          Select *pFirst = p;
-          while( pFirst->pPrior ) pFirst = pFirst->pPrior;
-          generateColumnNames(pParse, 0, pFirst->pEList);
-        }
-        iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-        iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-        computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iBreak);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, unionTab, iBreak);
-        iStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-        selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, unionTab, p->pEList->nExpr,
-                        0, -1, &dest, iCont, iBreak);
-        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, unionTab, iStart);
-        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iBreak);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, unionTab, 0);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    default: assert( p->op==TK_INTERSECT ); {
-      int tab1, tab2;
-      int iCont, iBreak, iStart;
-      Expr *pLimit, *pOffset;
-      int addr;
-      SelectDest intersectdest;
-      int r1;
-
-      /* INTERSECT is different from the others since it requires
-      ** two temporary tables.  Hence it has its own case.  Begin
-      ** by allocating the tables we will need.
-      */
-      tab1 = pParse->nTab++;
-      tab2 = pParse->nTab++;
-      assert( p->pOrderBy==0 );
-
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, tab1, 0);
-      assert( p->addrOpenEphm[0] == -1 );
-      p->addrOpenEphm[0] = addr;
-      p->pRightmost->selFlags |= SF_UsesEphemeral;
-      assert( p->pEList );
-
-      /* Code the SELECTs to our left into temporary table "tab1".
-      */
-      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&intersectdest, SRT_Union, tab1);
-      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &intersectdest);
-      if( rc ){
-        goto multi_select_end;
-      }
-
-      /* Code the current SELECT into temporary table "tab2"
-      */
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, tab2, 0);
-      assert( p->addrOpenEphm[1] == -1 );
-      p->addrOpenEphm[1] = addr;
-      p->pPrior = 0;
-      pLimit = p->pLimit;
-      p->pLimit = 0;
-      pOffset = p->pOffset;
-      p->pOffset = 0;
-      intersectdest.iParm = tab2;
-      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &intersectdest);
-      testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-      pDelete = p->pPrior;
-      p->pPrior = pPrior;
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
-      p->pLimit = pLimit;
-      p->pOffset = pOffset;
-
-      /* Generate code to take the intersection of the two temporary
-      ** tables.
-      */
-      assert( p->pEList );
-      if( dest.eDest==SRT_Output ){
-        Select *pFirst = p;
-        while( pFirst->pPrior ) pFirst = pFirst->pPrior;
-        generateColumnNames(pParse, 0, pFirst->pEList);
-      }
-      iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iBreak);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, tab1, iBreak);
-      r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      iStart = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowKey, tab1, r1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, tab2, iCont, r1, 0);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, tab1, p->pEList->nExpr,
-                      0, -1, &dest, iCont, iBreak);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, tab1, iStart);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iBreak);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, tab2, 0);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, tab1, 0);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Compute collating sequences used by 
-  ** temporary tables needed to implement the compound select.
-  ** Attach the KeyInfo structure to all temporary tables.
-  **
-  ** This section is run by the right-most SELECT statement only.
-  ** SELECT statements to the left always skip this part.  The right-most
-  ** SELECT might also skip this part if it has no ORDER BY clause and
-  ** no temp tables are required.
-  */
-  if( p->selFlags & SF_UsesEphemeral ){
-    int i;                        /* Loop counter */
-    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;            /* Collating sequence for the result set */
-    Select *pLoop;                /* For looping through SELECT statements */
-    CollSeq **apColl;             /* For looping through pKeyInfo->aColl[] */
-    int nCol;                     /* Number of columns in result set */
-
-    assert( p->pRightmost==p );
-    nCol = p->pEList->nExpr;
-    pKeyInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db,
-                       sizeof(*pKeyInfo)+nCol*(sizeof(CollSeq*) + 1));
-    if( !pKeyInfo ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      goto multi_select_end;
-    }
-
-    pKeyInfo->enc = ENC(db);
-    pKeyInfo->nField = (u16)nCol;
-
-    for(i=0, apColl=pKeyInfo->aColl; i<nCol; i++, apColl++){
-      *apColl = multiSelectCollSeq(pParse, p, i);
-      if( 0==*apColl ){
-        *apColl = db->pDfltColl;
-      }
-    }
-
-    for(pLoop=p; pLoop; pLoop=pLoop->pPrior){
-      for(i=0; i<2; i++){
-        int addr = pLoop->addrOpenEphm[i];
-        if( addr<0 ){
-          /* If [0] is unused then [1] is also unused.  So we can
-          ** always safely abort as soon as the first unused slot is found */
-          assert( pLoop->addrOpenEphm[1]<0 );
-          break;
-        }
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addr, nCol);
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr, (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
-        pLoop->addrOpenEphm[i] = -1;
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pKeyInfo);
-  }
-
-multi_select_end:
-  pDest->iMem = dest.iMem;
-  pDest->nMem = dest.nMem;
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pDelete);
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT */
-
-/*
-** Code an output subroutine for a coroutine implementation of a
-** SELECT statment.
-**
-** The data to be output is contained in pIn->iMem.  There are
-** pIn->nMem columns to be output.  pDest is where the output should
-** be sent.
-**
-** regReturn is the number of the register holding the subroutine
-** return address.
-**
-** If regPrev>0 then it is a the first register in a vector that
-** records the previous output.  mem[regPrev] is a flag that is false
-** if there has been no previous output.  If regPrev>0 then code is
-** generated to suppress duplicates.  pKeyInfo is used for comparing
-** keys.
-**
-** If the LIMIT found in p->iLimit is reached, jump immediately to
-** iBreak.
-*/
-static int generateOutputSubroutine(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
-  Select *p,              /* The SELECT statement */
-  SelectDest *pIn,        /* Coroutine supplying data */
-  SelectDest *pDest,      /* Where to send the data */
-  int regReturn,          /* The return address register */
-  int regPrev,            /* Previous result register.  No uniqueness if 0 */
-  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,      /* For comparing with previous entry */
-  int p4type,             /* The p4 type for pKeyInfo */
-  int iBreak              /* Jump here if we hit the LIMIT */
-){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int iContinue;
-  int addr;
-
-  addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-  iContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-
-  /* Suppress duplicates for UNION, EXCEPT, and INTERSECT 
-  */
-  if( regPrev ){
-    int j1, j2;
-    j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, regPrev);
-    j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Compare, pIn->iMem, regPrev+1, pIn->nMem,
-                              (char*)pKeyInfo, p4type);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, j2+2, iContinue, j2+2);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
-    sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pIn->iMem, regPrev+1, pIn->nMem);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regPrev);
-  }
-  if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return 0;
-
-  /* Suppress the the first OFFSET entries if there is an OFFSET clause
-  */
-  codeOffset(v, p, iContinue);
-
-  switch( pDest->eDest ){
-    /* Store the result as data using a unique key.
-    */
-    case SRT_Table:
-    case SRT_EphemTab: {
-      int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      testcase( pDest->eDest==SRT_Table );
-      testcase( pDest->eDest==SRT_EphemTab );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, pIn->iMem, pIn->nMem, r1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, pDest->iParm, r2);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, pDest->iParm, r1, r2);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-      break;
-    }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-    /* If we are creating a set for an "expr IN (SELECT ...)" construct,
-    ** then there should be a single item on the stack.  Write this
-    ** item into the set table with bogus data.
-    */
-    case SRT_Set: {
-      int r1;
-      assert( pIn->nMem==1 );
-      p->affinity = 
-         sqlite3CompareAffinity(p->pEList->a[0].pExpr, pDest->affinity);
-      r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, pIn->iMem, 1, r1, &p->affinity, 1);
-      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, pIn->iMem, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, pDest->iParm, r1);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-      break;
-    }
-
-#if 0  /* Never occurs on an ORDER BY query */
-    /* If any row exist in the result set, record that fact and abort.
-    */
-    case SRT_Exists: {
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, pDest->iParm);
-      /* The LIMIT clause will terminate the loop for us */
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
-    ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
-    ** of the scan loop.
-    */
-    case SRT_Mem: {
-      assert( pIn->nMem==1 );
-      sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, pIn->iMem, pDest->iParm, 1);
-      /* The LIMIT clause will jump out of the loop for us */
-      break;
-    }
-#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */
-
-    /* The results are stored in a sequence of registers
-    ** starting at pDest->iMem.  Then the co-routine yields.
-    */
-    case SRT_Coroutine: {
-      if( pDest->iMem==0 ){
-        pDest->iMem = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pIn->nMem);
-        pDest->nMem = pIn->nMem;
-      }
-      sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, pIn->iMem, pDest->iMem, pDest->nMem);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iParm);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /* If none of the above, then the result destination must be
-    ** SRT_Output.  This routine is never called with any other
-    ** destination other than the ones handled above or SRT_Output.
-    **
-    ** For SRT_Output, results are stored in a sequence of registers.  
-    ** Then the OP_ResultRow opcode is used to cause sqlite3_step() to
-    ** return the next row of result.
-    */
-    default: {
-      assert( pDest->eDest==SRT_Output );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, pIn->iMem, pIn->nMem);
-      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, pIn->iMem, pIn->nMem);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Jump to the end of the loop if the LIMIT is reached.
-  */
-  if( p->iLimit ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfZero, p->iLimit, iBreak, -1);
-  }
-
-  /* Generate the subroutine return
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iContinue);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regReturn);
-
-  return addr;
-}
-
-/*
-** Alternative compound select code generator for cases when there
-** is an ORDER BY clause.
-**
-** We assume a query of the following form:
-**
-**      <selectA>  <operator>  <selectB>  ORDER BY <orderbylist>
-**
-** <operator> is one of UNION ALL, UNION, EXCEPT, or INTERSECT.  The idea
-** is to code both <selectA> and <selectB> with the ORDER BY clause as
-** co-routines.  Then run the co-routines in parallel and merge the results
-** into the output.  In addition to the two coroutines (called selectA and
-** selectB) there are 7 subroutines:
-**
-**    outA:    Move the output of the selectA coroutine into the output
-**             of the compound query.
-**
-**    outB:    Move the output of the selectB coroutine into the output
-**             of the compound query.  (Only generated for UNION and
-**             UNION ALL.  EXCEPT and INSERTSECT never output a row that
-**             appears only in B.)
-**
-**    AltB:    Called when there is data from both coroutines and A<B.
-**
-**    AeqB:    Called when there is data from both coroutines and A==B.
-**
-**    AgtB:    Called when there is data from both coroutines and A>B.
-**
-**    EofA:    Called when data is exhausted from selectA.
-**
-**    EofB:    Called when data is exhausted from selectB.
-**
-** The implementation of the latter five subroutines depend on which 
-** <operator> is used:
-**
-**
-**             UNION ALL         UNION            EXCEPT          INTERSECT
-**          -------------  -----------------  --------------  -----------------
-**   AltB:   outA, nextA      outA, nextA       outA, nextA         nextA
-**
-**   AeqB:   outA, nextA         nextA             nextA         outA, nextA
-**
-**   AgtB:   outB, nextB      outB, nextB          nextB            nextB
-**
-**   EofA:   outB, nextB      outB, nextB          halt             halt
-**
-**   EofB:   outA, nextA      outA, nextA       outA, nextA         halt
-**
-** In the AltB, AeqB, and AgtB subroutines, an EOF on A following nextA
-** causes an immediate jump to EofA and an EOF on B following nextB causes
-** an immediate jump to EofB.  Within EofA and EofB, and EOF on entry or
-** following nextX causes a jump to the end of the select processing.
-**
-** Duplicate removal in the UNION, EXCEPT, and INTERSECT cases is handled
-** within the output subroutine.  The regPrev register set holds the previously
-** output value.  A comparison is made against this value and the output
-** is skipped if the next results would be the same as the previous.
-**
-** The implementation plan is to implement the two coroutines and seven
-** subroutines first, then put the control logic at the bottom.  Like this:
-**
-**          goto Init
-**     coA: coroutine for left query (A)
-**     coB: coroutine for right query (B)
-**    outA: output one row of A
-**    outB: output one row of B (UNION and UNION ALL only)
-**    EofA: ...
-**    EofB: ...
-**    AltB: ...
-**    AeqB: ...
-**    AgtB: ...
-**    Init: initialize coroutine registers
-**          yield coA
-**          if eof(A) goto EofA
-**          yield coB
-**          if eof(B) goto EofB
-**    Cmpr: Compare A, B
-**          Jump AltB, AeqB, AgtB
-**     End: ...
-**
-** We call AltB, AeqB, AgtB, EofA, and EofB "subroutines" but they are not
-** actually called using Gosub and they do not Return.  EofA and EofB loop
-** until all data is exhausted then jump to the "end" labe.  AltB, AeqB,
-** and AgtB jump to either L2 or to one of EofA or EofB.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
-static int multiSelectOrderBy(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
-  Select *p,            /* The right-most of SELECTs to be coded */
-  SelectDest *pDest     /* What to do with query results */
-){
-  int i, j;             /* Loop counters */
-  Select *pPrior;       /* Another SELECT immediately to our left */
-  Vdbe *v;              /* Generate code to this VDBE */
-  SelectDest destA;     /* Destination for coroutine A */
-  SelectDest destB;     /* Destination for coroutine B */
-  int regAddrA;         /* Address register for select-A coroutine */
-  int regEofA;          /* Flag to indicate when select-A is complete */
-  int regAddrB;         /* Address register for select-B coroutine */
-  int regEofB;          /* Flag to indicate when select-B is complete */
-  int addrSelectA;      /* Address of the select-A coroutine */
-  int addrSelectB;      /* Address of the select-B coroutine */
-  int regOutA;          /* Address register for the output-A subroutine */
-  int regOutB;          /* Address register for the output-B subroutine */
-  int addrOutA;         /* Address of the output-A subroutine */
-  int addrOutB = 0;     /* Address of the output-B subroutine */
-  int addrEofA;         /* Address of the select-A-exhausted subroutine */
-  int addrEofB;         /* Address of the select-B-exhausted subroutine */
-  int addrAltB;         /* Address of the A<B subroutine */
-  int addrAeqB;         /* Address of the A==B subroutine */
-  int addrAgtB;         /* Address of the A>B subroutine */
-  int regLimitA;        /* Limit register for select-A */
-  int regLimitB;        /* Limit register for select-A */
-  int regPrev;          /* A range of registers to hold previous output */
-  int savedLimit;       /* Saved value of p->iLimit */
-  int savedOffset;      /* Saved value of p->iOffset */
-  int labelCmpr;        /* Label for the start of the merge algorithm */
-  int labelEnd;         /* Label for the end of the overall SELECT stmt */
-  int j1;               /* Jump instructions that get retargetted */
-  int op;               /* One of TK_ALL, TK_UNION, TK_EXCEPT, TK_INTERSECT */
-  KeyInfo *pKeyDup = 0; /* Comparison information for duplicate removal */
-  KeyInfo *pKeyMerge;   /* Comparison information for merging rows */
-  sqlite3 *db;          /* Database connection */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy;   /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  int nOrderBy;         /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
-  int *aPermute;        /* Mapping from ORDER BY terms to result set columns */
-
-  assert( p->pOrderBy!=0 );
-  assert( pKeyDup==0 ); /* "Managed" code needs this.  Ticket #3382. */
-  db = pParse->db;
-  v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  assert( v!=0 );       /* Already thrown the error if VDBE alloc failed */
-  labelEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-  labelCmpr = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-
-
-  /* Patch up the ORDER BY clause
-  */
-  op = p->op;  
-  pPrior = p->pPrior;
-  assert( pPrior->pOrderBy==0 );
-  pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
-  assert( pOrderBy );
-  nOrderBy = pOrderBy->nExpr;
-
-  /* For operators other than UNION ALL we have to make sure that
-  ** the ORDER BY clause covers every term of the result set.  Add
-  ** terms to the ORDER BY clause as necessary.
-  */
-  if( op!=TK_ALL ){
-    for(i=1; db->mallocFailed==0 && i<=p->pEList->nExpr; i++){
-      struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-      for(j=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; j<nOrderBy; j++, pItem++){
-        assert( pItem->iCol>0 );
-        if( pItem->iCol==i ) break;
-      }
-      if( j==nOrderBy ){
-        Expr *pNew = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, 0);
-        if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue;
-        pNew->u.iValue = i;
-        pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pOrderBy, pNew);
-        pOrderBy->a[nOrderBy++].iCol = (u16)i;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Compute the comparison permutation and keyinfo that is used with
-  ** the permutation used to determine if the next
-  ** row of results comes from selectA or selectB.  Also add explicit
-  ** collations to the ORDER BY clause terms so that when the subqueries
-  ** to the right and the left are evaluated, they use the correct
-  ** collation.
-  */
-  aPermute = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(int)*nOrderBy);
-  if( aPermute ){
-    struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-    for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<nOrderBy; i++, pItem++){
-      assert( pItem->iCol>0  && pItem->iCol<=p->pEList->nExpr );
-      aPermute[i] = pItem->iCol - 1;
-    }
-    pKeyMerge =
-      sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*pKeyMerge)+nOrderBy*(sizeof(CollSeq*)+1));
-    if( pKeyMerge ){
-      pKeyMerge->aSortOrder = (u8*)&pKeyMerge->aColl[nOrderBy];
-      pKeyMerge->nField = (u16)nOrderBy;
-      pKeyMerge->enc = ENC(db);
-      for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
-        CollSeq *pColl;
-        Expr *pTerm = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
-        if( pTerm->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-          pColl = pTerm->pColl;
-        }else{
-          pColl = multiSelectCollSeq(pParse, p, aPermute[i]);
-          pTerm->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
-          pTerm->pColl = pColl;
-        }
-        pKeyMerge->aColl[i] = pColl;
-        pKeyMerge->aSortOrder[i] = pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder;
-      }
-    }
-  }else{
-    pKeyMerge = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Reattach the ORDER BY clause to the query.
-  */
-  p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
-  pPrior->pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(pParse->db, pOrderBy, 0);
-
-  /* Allocate a range of temporary registers and the KeyInfo needed
-  ** for the logic that removes duplicate result rows when the
-  ** operator is UNION, EXCEPT, or INTERSECT (but not UNION ALL).
-  */
-  if( op==TK_ALL ){
-    regPrev = 0;
-  }else{
-    int nExpr = p->pEList->nExpr;
-    assert( nOrderBy>=nExpr || db->mallocFailed );
-    regPrev = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nExpr+1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regPrev);
-    pKeyDup = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db,
-                  sizeof(*pKeyDup) + nExpr*(sizeof(CollSeq*)+1) );
-    if( pKeyDup ){
-      pKeyDup->aSortOrder = (u8*)&pKeyDup->aColl[nExpr];
-      pKeyDup->nField = (u16)nExpr;
-      pKeyDup->enc = ENC(db);
-      for(i=0; i<nExpr; i++){
-        pKeyDup->aColl[i] = multiSelectCollSeq(pParse, p, i);
-        pKeyDup->aSortOrder[i] = 0;
-      }
-    }
-  }
- 
-  /* Separate the left and the right query from one another
-  */
-  p->pPrior = 0;
-  pPrior->pRightmost = 0;
-  sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(pParse, p, p->pOrderBy, "ORDER");
-  if( pPrior->pPrior==0 ){
-    sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(pParse, pPrior, pPrior->pOrderBy, "ORDER");
-  }
-
-  /* Compute the limit registers */
-  computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, labelEnd);
-  if( p->iLimit && op==TK_ALL ){
-    regLimitA = ++pParse->nMem;
-    regLimitB = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, p->iOffset ? p->iOffset+1 : p->iLimit,
-                                  regLimitA);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regLimitA, regLimitB);
-  }else{
-    regLimitA = regLimitB = 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
-  p->pLimit = 0;
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pOffset);
-  p->pOffset = 0;
-
-  regAddrA = ++pParse->nMem;
-  regEofA = ++pParse->nMem;
-  regAddrB = ++pParse->nMem;
-  regEofB = ++pParse->nMem;
-  regOutA = ++pParse->nMem;
-  regOutB = ++pParse->nMem;
-  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&destA, SRT_Coroutine, regAddrA);
-  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&destB, SRT_Coroutine, regAddrB);
-
-  /* Jump past the various subroutines and coroutines to the main
-  ** merge loop
-  */
-  j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
-  addrSelectA = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-
-
-  /* Generate a coroutine to evaluate the SELECT statement to the
-  ** left of the compound operator - the "A" select.
-  */
-  VdbeNoopComment((v, "Begin coroutine for left SELECT"));
-  pPrior->iLimit = regLimitA;
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &destA);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regEofA);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrA);
-  VdbeNoopComment((v, "End coroutine for left SELECT"));
-
-  /* Generate a coroutine to evaluate the SELECT statement on 
-  ** the right - the "B" select
-  */
-  addrSelectB = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-  VdbeNoopComment((v, "Begin coroutine for right SELECT"));
-  savedLimit = p->iLimit;
-  savedOffset = p->iOffset;
-  p->iLimit = regLimitB;
-  p->iOffset = 0;  
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &destB);
-  p->iLimit = savedLimit;
-  p->iOffset = savedOffset;
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regEofB);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrB);
-  VdbeNoopComment((v, "End coroutine for right SELECT"));
-
-  /* Generate a subroutine that outputs the current row of the A
-  ** select as the next output row of the compound select.
-  */
-  VdbeNoopComment((v, "Output routine for A"));
-  addrOutA = generateOutputSubroutine(pParse,
-                 p, &destA, pDest, regOutA,
-                 regPrev, pKeyDup, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF, labelEnd);
-  
-  /* Generate a subroutine that outputs the current row of the B
-  ** select as the next output row of the compound select.
-  */
-  if( op==TK_ALL || op==TK_UNION ){
-    VdbeNoopComment((v, "Output routine for B"));
-    addrOutB = generateOutputSubroutine(pParse,
-                 p, &destB, pDest, regOutB,
-                 regPrev, pKeyDup, P4_KEYINFO_STATIC, labelEnd);
-  }
-
-  /* Generate a subroutine to run when the results from select A
-  ** are exhausted and only data in select B remains.
-  */
-  VdbeNoopComment((v, "eof-A subroutine"));
-  if( op==TK_EXCEPT || op==TK_INTERSECT ){
-    addrEofA = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, labelEnd);
-  }else{  
-    addrEofA = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofB, labelEnd);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutB, addrOutB);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrB);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrEofA);
-  }
-
-  /* Generate a subroutine to run when the results from select B
-  ** are exhausted and only data in select A remains.
-  */
-  if( op==TK_INTERSECT ){
-    addrEofB = addrEofA;
-  }else{  
-    VdbeNoopComment((v, "eof-B subroutine"));
-    addrEofB = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofA, labelEnd);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutA, addrOutA);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrA);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrEofB);
-  }
-
-  /* Generate code to handle the case of A<B
-  */
-  VdbeNoopComment((v, "A-lt-B subroutine"));
-  addrAltB = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutA, addrOutA);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrA);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofA, addrEofA);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, labelCmpr);
-
-  /* Generate code to handle the case of A==B
-  */
-  if( op==TK_ALL ){
-    addrAeqB = addrAltB;
-  }else if( op==TK_INTERSECT ){
-    addrAeqB = addrAltB;
-    addrAltB++;
-  }else{
-    VdbeNoopComment((v, "A-eq-B subroutine"));
-    addrAeqB =
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrA);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofA, addrEofA);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, labelCmpr);
-  }
-
-  /* Generate code to handle the case of A>B
-  */
-  VdbeNoopComment((v, "A-gt-B subroutine"));
-  addrAgtB = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-  if( op==TK_ALL || op==TK_UNION ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutB, addrOutB);
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrB);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofB, addrEofB);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, labelCmpr);
-
-  /* This code runs once to initialize everything.
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regEofA);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regEofB);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regAddrA, addrSelectA);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regAddrB, addrSelectB);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofA, addrEofA);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofB, addrEofB);
-
-  /* Implement the main merge loop
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, labelCmpr);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Permutation, 0, 0, 0, (char*)aPermute, P4_INTARRAY);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Compare, destA.iMem, destB.iMem, nOrderBy,
-                         (char*)pKeyMerge, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addrAltB, addrAeqB, addrAgtB);
-
-  /* Release temporary registers
-  */
-  if( regPrev ){
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regPrev, nOrderBy+1);
-  }
-
-  /* Jump to the this point in order to terminate the query.
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, labelEnd);
-
-  /* Set the number of output columns
-  */
-  if( pDest->eDest==SRT_Output ){
-    Select *pFirst = pPrior;
-    while( pFirst->pPrior ) pFirst = pFirst->pPrior;
-    generateColumnNames(pParse, 0, pFirst->pEList);
-  }
-
-  /* Reassembly the compound query so that it will be freed correctly
-  ** by the calling function */
-  if( p->pPrior ){
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->pPrior);
-  }
-  p->pPrior = pPrior;
-
-  /*** TBD:  Insert subroutine calls to close cursors on incomplete
-  **** subqueries ****/
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
-/* Forward Declarations */
-static void substExprList(sqlite3*, ExprList*, int, ExprList*);
-static void substSelect(sqlite3*, Select *, int, ExprList *);
-
-/*
-** Scan through the expression pExpr.  Replace every reference to
-** a column in table number iTable with a copy of the iColumn-th
-** entry in pEList.  (But leave references to the ROWID column 
-** unchanged.)
-**
-** This routine is part of the flattening procedure.  A subquery
-** whose result set is defined by pEList appears as entry in the
-** FROM clause of a SELECT such that the VDBE cursor assigned to that
-** FORM clause entry is iTable.  This routine make the necessary 
-** changes to pExpr so that it refers directly to the source table
-** of the subquery rather the result set of the subquery.
-*/
-static Expr *substExpr(
-  sqlite3 *db,        /* Report malloc errors to this connection */
-  Expr *pExpr,        /* Expr in which substitution occurs */
-  int iTable,         /* Table to be substituted */
-  ExprList *pEList    /* Substitute expressions */
-){
-  if( pExpr==0 ) return 0;
-  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pExpr->iTable==iTable ){
-    if( pExpr->iColumn<0 ){
-      pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
-    }else{
-      Expr *pNew;
-      assert( pEList!=0 && pExpr->iColumn<pEList->nExpr );
-      assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 && pExpr->pRight==0 );
-      pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pEList->a[pExpr->iColumn].pExpr, 0);
-      if( pNew && pExpr->pColl ){
-        pNew->pColl = pExpr->pColl;
-      }
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
-      pExpr = pNew;
-    }
-  }else{
-    pExpr->pLeft = substExpr(db, pExpr->pLeft, iTable, pEList);
-    pExpr->pRight = substExpr(db, pExpr->pRight, iTable, pEList);
-    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-      substSelect(db, pExpr->x.pSelect, iTable, pEList);
-    }else{
-      substExprList(db, pExpr->x.pList, iTable, pEList);
-    }
-  }
-  return pExpr;
-}
-static void substExprList(
-  sqlite3 *db,         /* Report malloc errors here */
-  ExprList *pList,     /* List to scan and in which to make substitutes */
-  int iTable,          /* Table to be substituted */
-  ExprList *pEList     /* Substitute values */
-){
-  int i;
-  if( pList==0 ) return;
-  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-    pList->a[i].pExpr = substExpr(db, pList->a[i].pExpr, iTable, pEList);
-  }
-}
-static void substSelect(
-  sqlite3 *db,         /* Report malloc errors here */
-  Select *p,           /* SELECT statement in which to make substitutions */
-  int iTable,          /* Table to be replaced */
-  ExprList *pEList     /* Substitute values */
-){
-  SrcList *pSrc;
-  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
-  int i;
-  if( !p ) return;
-  substExprList(db, p->pEList, iTable, pEList);
-  substExprList(db, p->pGroupBy, iTable, pEList);
-  substExprList(db, p->pOrderBy, iTable, pEList);
-  p->pHaving = substExpr(db, p->pHaving, iTable, pEList);
-  p->pWhere = substExpr(db, p->pWhere, iTable, pEList);
-  substSelect(db, p->pPrior, iTable, pEList);
-  pSrc = p->pSrc;
-  assert( pSrc );  /* Even for (SELECT 1) we have: pSrc!=0 but pSrc->nSrc==0 */
-  if( ALWAYS(pSrc) ){
-    for(i=pSrc->nSrc, pItem=pSrc->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
-      substSelect(db, pItem->pSelect, iTable, pEList);
-    }
-  }
-}
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
-/*
-** This routine attempts to flatten subqueries in order to speed
-** execution.  It returns 1 if it makes changes and 0 if no flattening
-** occurs.
-**
-** To understand the concept of flattening, consider the following
-** query:
-**
-**     SELECT a FROM (SELECT x+y AS a FROM t1 WHERE z<100) WHERE a>5
-**
-** The default way of implementing this query is to execute the
-** subquery first and store the results in a temporary table, then
-** run the outer query on that temporary table.  This requires two
-** passes over the data.  Furthermore, because the temporary table
-** has no indices, the WHERE clause on the outer query cannot be
-** optimized.
-**
-** This routine attempts to rewrite queries such as the above into
-** a single flat select, like this:
-**
-**     SELECT x+y AS a FROM t1 WHERE z<100 AND a>5
-**
-** The code generated for this simpification gives the same result
-** but only has to scan the data once.  And because indices might 
-** exist on the table t1, a complete scan of the data might be
-** avoided.
-**
-** Flattening is only attempted if all of the following are true:
-**
-**   (1)  The subquery and the outer query do not both use aggregates.
-**
-**   (2)  The subquery is not an aggregate or the outer query is not a join.
-**
-**   (3)  The subquery is not the right operand of a left outer join
-**        (Originally ticket #306.  Strenghtened by ticket #3300)
-**
-**   (4)  The subquery is not DISTINCT or the outer query is not a join.
-**
-**   (5)  The subquery is not DISTINCT or the outer query does not use
-**        aggregates.
-**
-**   (6)  The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query is not
-**        DISTINCT.
-**
-**   (7)  The subquery has a FROM clause.
-**
-**   (8)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query is not a join.
-**
-**   (9)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query does not use
-**        aggregates.
-**
-**  (10)  The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query does not
-**        use LIMIT.
-**
-**  (11)  The subquery and the outer query do not both have ORDER BY clauses.
-**
-**  (**)  Not implemented.  Subsumed into restriction (3).  Was previously
-**        a separate restriction deriving from ticket #350.
-**
-**  (13)  The subquery and outer query do not both use LIMIT
-**
-**  (14)  The subquery does not use OFFSET
-**
-**  (15)  The outer query is not part of a compound select or the
-**        subquery does not have both an ORDER BY and a LIMIT clause.
-**        (See ticket #2339)
-**
-**  (16)  The outer query is not an aggregate or the subquery does
-**        not contain ORDER BY.  (Ticket #2942)  This used to not matter
-**        until we introduced the group_concat() function.  
-**
-**  (17)  The sub-query is not a compound select, or it is a UNION ALL 
-**        compound clause made up entirely of non-aggregate queries, and 
-**        the parent query:
-**
-**          * is not itself part of a compound select,
-**          * is not an aggregate or DISTINCT query, and
-**          * has no other tables or sub-selects in the FROM clause.
-**
-**        The parent and sub-query may contain WHERE clauses. Subject to
-**        rules (11), (13) and (14), they may also contain ORDER BY,
-**        LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.
-**
-**  (18)  If the sub-query is a compound select, then all terms of the
-**        ORDER by clause of the parent must be simple references to 
-**        columns of the sub-query.
-**
-**  (19)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query does not
-**        have a WHERE clause.
-**
-**  (20)  If the sub-query is a compound select, then it must not use
-**        an ORDER BY clause.  Ticket #3773.  We could relax this constraint
-**        somewhat by saying that the terms of the ORDER BY clause must
-**        appear as unmodified result columns in the outer query.  But
-**        have other optimizations in mind to deal with that case.
-**
-** In this routine, the "p" parameter is a pointer to the outer query.
-** The subquery is p->pSrc->a[iFrom].  isAgg is true if the outer query
-** uses aggregates and subqueryIsAgg is true if the subquery uses aggregates.
-**
-** If flattening is not attempted, this routine is a no-op and returns 0.
-** If flattening is attempted this routine returns 1.
-**
-** All of the expression analysis must occur on both the outer query and
-** the subquery before this routine runs.
-*/
-static int flattenSubquery(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
-  Select *p,           /* The parent or outer SELECT statement */
-  int iFrom,           /* Index in p->pSrc->a[] of the inner subquery */
-  int isAgg,           /* True if outer SELECT uses aggregate functions */
-  int subqueryIsAgg    /* True if the subquery uses aggregate functions */
-){
-  const char *zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
-  Select *pParent;
-  Select *pSub;       /* The inner query or "subquery" */
-  Select *pSub1;      /* Pointer to the rightmost select in sub-query */
-  SrcList *pSrc;      /* The FROM clause of the outer query */
-  SrcList *pSubSrc;   /* The FROM clause of the subquery */
-  ExprList *pList;    /* The result set of the outer query */
-  int iParent;        /* VDBE cursor number of the pSub result set temp table */
-  int i;              /* Loop counter */
-  Expr *pWhere;                    /* The WHERE clause */
-  struct SrcList_item *pSubitem;   /* The subquery */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  /* Check to see if flattening is permitted.  Return 0 if not.
-  */
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  assert( p->pPrior==0 );  /* Unable to flatten compound queries */
-  if( db->flags & SQLITE_QueryFlattener ) return 0;
-  pSrc = p->pSrc;
-  assert( pSrc && iFrom>=0 && iFrom<pSrc->nSrc );
-  pSubitem = &pSrc->a[iFrom];
-  iParent = pSubitem->iCursor;
-  pSub = pSubitem->pSelect;
-  assert( pSub!=0 );
-  if( isAgg && subqueryIsAgg ) return 0;                 /* Restriction (1)  */
-  if( subqueryIsAgg && pSrc->nSrc>1 ) return 0;          /* Restriction (2)  */
-  pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;
-  assert( pSubSrc );
-  /* Prior to version 3.1.2, when LIMIT and OFFSET had to be simple constants,
-  ** not arbitrary expresssions, we allowed some combining of LIMIT and OFFSET
-  ** because they could be computed at compile-time.  But when LIMIT and OFFSET
-  ** became arbitrary expressions, we were forced to add restrictions (13)
-  ** and (14). */
-  if( pSub->pLimit && p->pLimit ) return 0;              /* Restriction (13) */
-  if( pSub->pOffset ) return 0;                          /* Restriction (14) */
-  if( p->pRightmost && pSub->pLimit && pSub->pOrderBy ){
-    return 0;                                            /* Restriction (15) */
-  }
-  if( pSubSrc->nSrc==0 ) return 0;                       /* Restriction (7)  */
-  if( ((pSub->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 || pSub->pLimit) 
-         && (pSrc->nSrc>1 || isAgg) ){          /* Restrictions (4)(5)(8)(9) */
-     return 0;       
-  }
-  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 && subqueryIsAgg ){
-     return 0;         /* Restriction (6)  */
-  }
-  if( p->pOrderBy && pSub->pOrderBy ){
-     return 0;                                           /* Restriction (11) */
-  }
-  if( isAgg && pSub->pOrderBy ) return 0;                /* Restriction (16) */
-  if( pSub->pLimit && p->pWhere ) return 0;              /* Restriction (19) */
-
-  /* OBSOLETE COMMENT 1:
-  ** Restriction 3:  If the subquery is a join, make sure the subquery is 
-  ** not used as the right operand of an outer join.  Examples of why this
-  ** is not allowed:
-  **
-  **         t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN (t2 JOIN t3)
-  **
-  ** If we flatten the above, we would get
-  **
-  **         (t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2) JOIN t3
-  **
-  ** which is not at all the same thing.
-  **
-  ** OBSOLETE COMMENT 2:
-  ** Restriction 12:  If the subquery is the right operand of a left outer
-  ** join, make sure the subquery has no WHERE clause.
-  ** An examples of why this is not allowed:
-  **
-  **         t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE t2.x>0)
-  **
-  ** If we flatten the above, we would get
-  **
-  **         (t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2) WHERE t2.x>0
-  **
-  ** But the t2.x>0 test will always fail on a NULL row of t2, which
-  ** effectively converts the OUTER JOIN into an INNER JOIN.
-  **
-  ** THIS OVERRIDES OBSOLETE COMMENTS 1 AND 2 ABOVE:
-  ** Ticket #3300 shows that flattening the right term of a LEFT JOIN
-  ** is fraught with danger.  Best to avoid the whole thing.  If the
-  ** subquery is the right term of a LEFT JOIN, then do not flatten.
-  */
-  if( (pSubitem->jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Restriction 17: If the sub-query is a compound SELECT, then it must
-  ** use only the UNION ALL operator. And none of the simple select queries
-  ** that make up the compound SELECT are allowed to be aggregate or distinct
-  ** queries.
-  */
-  if( pSub->pPrior ){
-    if( pSub->pOrderBy ){
-      return 0;  /* Restriction 20 */
-    }
-    if( isAgg || (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 || pSrc->nSrc!=1 ){
-      return 0;
-    }
-    for(pSub1=pSub; pSub1; pSub1=pSub1->pPrior){
-      testcase( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct );
-      testcase( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Aggregate );
-      if( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))!=0
-       || (pSub1->pPrior && pSub1->op!=TK_ALL) 
-       || NEVER(pSub1->pSrc==0) || pSub1->pSrc->nSrc!=1
-      ){
-        return 0;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Restriction 18. */
-    if( p->pOrderBy ){
-      int ii;
-      for(ii=0; ii<p->pOrderBy->nExpr; ii++){
-        if( p->pOrderBy->a[ii].iCol==0 ) return 0;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /***** If we reach this point, flattening is permitted. *****/
-
-  /* Authorize the subquery */
-  pParse->zAuthContext = pSubitem->zName;
-  sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
-  pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedAuthContext;
-
-  /* If the sub-query is a compound SELECT statement, then (by restrictions
-  ** 17 and 18 above) it must be a UNION ALL and the parent query must 
-  ** be of the form:
-  **
-  **     SELECT <expr-list> FROM (<sub-query>) <where-clause> 
-  **
-  ** followed by any ORDER BY, LIMIT and/or OFFSET clauses. This block
-  ** creates N-1 copies of the parent query without any ORDER BY, LIMIT or 
-  ** OFFSET clauses and joins them to the left-hand-side of the original
-  ** using UNION ALL operators. In this case N is the number of simple
-  ** select statements in the compound sub-query.
-  **
-  ** Example:
-  **
-  **     SELECT a+1 FROM (
-  **        SELECT x FROM tab
-  **        UNION ALL
-  **        SELECT y FROM tab
-  **        UNION ALL
-  **        SELECT abs(z*2) FROM tab2
-  **     ) WHERE a!=5 ORDER BY 1
-  **
-  ** Transformed into:
-  **
-  **     SELECT x+1 FROM tab WHERE x+1!=5
-  **     UNION ALL
-  **     SELECT y+1 FROM tab WHERE y+1!=5
-  **     UNION ALL
-  **     SELECT abs(z*2)+1 FROM tab2 WHERE abs(z*2)+1!=5
-  **     ORDER BY 1
-  **
-  ** We call this the "compound-subquery flattening".
-  */
-  for(pSub=pSub->pPrior; pSub; pSub=pSub->pPrior){
-    Select *pNew;
-    ExprList *pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
-    Expr *pLimit = p->pLimit;
-    Select *pPrior = p->pPrior;
-    p->pOrderBy = 0;
-    p->pSrc = 0;
-    p->pPrior = 0;
-    p->pLimit = 0;
-    pNew = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p, 0);
-    p->pLimit = pLimit;
-    p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
-    p->pSrc = pSrc;
-    p->op = TK_ALL;
-    p->pRightmost = 0;
-    if( pNew==0 ){
-      pNew = pPrior;
-    }else{
-      pNew->pPrior = pPrior;
-      pNew->pRightmost = 0;
-    }
-    p->pPrior = pNew;
-    if( db->mallocFailed ) return 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Begin flattening the iFrom-th entry of the FROM clause 
-  ** in the outer query.
-  */
-  pSub = pSub1 = pSubitem->pSelect;
-
-  /* Delete the transient table structure associated with the
-  ** subquery
-  */
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pSubitem->zDatabase);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pSubitem->zName);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pSubitem->zAlias);
-  pSubitem->zDatabase = 0;
-  pSubitem->zName = 0;
-  pSubitem->zAlias = 0;
-  pSubitem->pSelect = 0;
-
-  /* Defer deleting the Table object associated with the
-  ** subquery until code generation is
-  ** complete, since there may still exist Expr.pTab entries that
-  ** refer to the subquery even after flattening.  Ticket #3346.
-  **
-  ** pSubitem->pTab is always non-NULL by test restrictions and tests above.
-  */
-  if( ALWAYS(pSubitem->pTab!=0) ){
-    Table *pTabToDel = pSubitem->pTab;
-    if( pTabToDel->nRef==1 ){
-      Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-      pTabToDel->pNextZombie = pToplevel->pZombieTab;
-      pToplevel->pZombieTab = pTabToDel;
-    }else{
-      pTabToDel->nRef--;
-    }
-    pSubitem->pTab = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* The following loop runs once for each term in a compound-subquery
-  ** flattening (as described above).  If we are doing a different kind
-  ** of flattening - a flattening other than a compound-subquery flattening -
-  ** then this loop only runs once.
-  **
-  ** This loop moves all of the FROM elements of the subquery into the
-  ** the FROM clause of the outer query.  Before doing this, remember
-  ** the cursor number for the original outer query FROM element in
-  ** iParent.  The iParent cursor will never be used.  Subsequent code
-  ** will scan expressions looking for iParent references and replace
-  ** those references with expressions that resolve to the subquery FROM
-  ** elements we are now copying in.
-  */
-  for(pParent=p; pParent; pParent=pParent->pPrior, pSub=pSub->pPrior){
-    int nSubSrc;
-    u8 jointype = 0;
-    pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;     /* FROM clause of subquery */
-    nSubSrc = pSubSrc->nSrc;  /* Number of terms in subquery FROM clause */
-    pSrc = pParent->pSrc;     /* FROM clause of the outer query */
-
-    if( pSrc ){
-      assert( pParent==p );  /* First time through the loop */
-      jointype = pSubitem->jointype;
-    }else{
-      assert( pParent!=p );  /* 2nd and subsequent times through the loop */
-      pSrc = pParent->pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, 0, 0);
-      if( pSrc==0 ){
-        assert( db->mallocFailed );
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* The subquery uses a single slot of the FROM clause of the outer
-    ** query.  If the subquery has more than one element in its FROM clause,
-    ** then expand the outer query to make space for it to hold all elements
-    ** of the subquery.
-    **
-    ** Example:
-    **
-    **    SELECT * FROM tabA, (SELECT * FROM sub1, sub2), tabB;
-    **
-    ** The outer query has 3 slots in its FROM clause.  One slot of the
-    ** outer query (the middle slot) is used by the subquery.  The next
-    ** block of code will expand the out query to 4 slots.  The middle
-    ** slot is expanded to two slots in order to make space for the
-    ** two elements in the FROM clause of the subquery.
-    */
-    if( nSubSrc>1 ){
-      pParent->pSrc = pSrc = sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(db, pSrc, nSubSrc-1,iFrom+1);
-      if( db->mallocFailed ){
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Transfer the FROM clause terms from the subquery into the
-    ** outer query.
-    */
-    for(i=0; i<nSubSrc; i++){
-      sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pSrc->a[i+iFrom].pUsing);
-      pSrc->a[i+iFrom] = pSubSrc->a[i];
-      memset(&pSubSrc->a[i], 0, sizeof(pSubSrc->a[i]));
-    }
-    pSrc->a[iFrom].jointype = jointype;
-  
-    /* Now begin substituting subquery result set expressions for 
-    ** references to the iParent in the outer query.
-    ** 
-    ** Example:
-    **
-    **   SELECT a+5, b*10 FROM (SELECT x*3 AS a, y+10 AS b FROM t1) WHERE a>b;
-    **   \                     \_____________ subquery __________/          /
-    **    \_____________________ outer query ______________________________/
-    **
-    ** We look at every expression in the outer query and every place we see
-    ** "a" we substitute "x*3" and every place we see "b" we substitute "y+10".
-    */
-    pList = pParent->pEList;
-    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-      if( pList->a[i].zName==0 ){
-        const char *zSpan = pList->a[i].zSpan;
-        if( ALWAYS(zSpan) ){
-          pList->a[i].zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zSpan);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    substExprList(db, pParent->pEList, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-    if( isAgg ){
-      substExprList(db, pParent->pGroupBy, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-      pParent->pHaving = substExpr(db, pParent->pHaving, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-    }
-    if( pSub->pOrderBy ){
-      assert( pParent->pOrderBy==0 );
-      pParent->pOrderBy = pSub->pOrderBy;
-      pSub->pOrderBy = 0;
-    }else if( pParent->pOrderBy ){
-      substExprList(db, pParent->pOrderBy, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-    }
-    if( pSub->pWhere ){
-      pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pWhere, 0);
-    }else{
-      pWhere = 0;
-    }
-    if( subqueryIsAgg ){
-      assert( pParent->pHaving==0 );
-      pParent->pHaving = pParent->pWhere;
-      pParent->pWhere = pWhere;
-      pParent->pHaving = substExpr(db, pParent->pHaving, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-      pParent->pHaving = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pParent->pHaving, 
-                                  sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pHaving, 0));
-      assert( pParent->pGroupBy==0 );
-      pParent->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pSub->pGroupBy, 0);
-    }else{
-      pParent->pWhere = substExpr(db, pParent->pWhere, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-      pParent->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pParent->pWhere, pWhere);
-    }
-  
-    /* The flattened query is distinct if either the inner or the
-    ** outer query is distinct. 
-    */
-    pParent->selFlags |= pSub->selFlags & SF_Distinct;
-  
-    /*
-    ** SELECT ... FROM (SELECT ... LIMIT a OFFSET b) LIMIT x OFFSET y;
-    **
-    ** One is tempted to try to add a and b to combine the limits.  But this
-    ** does not work if either limit is negative.
-    */
-    if( pSub->pLimit ){
-      pParent->pLimit = pSub->pLimit;
-      pSub->pLimit = 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Finially, delete what is left of the subquery and return
-  ** success.
-  */
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSub1);
-
-  return 1;
-}
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */
-
-/*
-** Analyze the SELECT statement passed as an argument to see if it
-** is a min() or max() query. Return WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN or WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX if 
-** it is, or 0 otherwise. At present, a query is considered to be
-** a min()/max() query if:
-**
-**   1. There is a single object in the FROM clause.
-**
-**   2. There is a single expression in the result set, and it is
-**      either min(x) or max(x), where x is a column reference.
-*/
-static u8 minMaxQuery(Select *p){
-  Expr *pExpr;
-  ExprList *pEList = p->pEList;
-
-  if( pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
-  pExpr = pEList->a[0].pExpr;
-  if( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_FUNCTION ) return 0;
-  if( NEVER(ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect)) ) return 0;
-  pEList = pExpr->x.pList;
-  if( pEList==0 || pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;
-  if( pEList->a[0].pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN ) return WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
-  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"min")==0 ){
-    return WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN;
-  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"max")==0 ){
-    return WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX;
-  }
-  return WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
-}
-
-/*
-** The select statement passed as the first argument is an aggregate query.
-** The second argment is the associated aggregate-info object. This 
-** function tests if the SELECT is of the form:
-**
-**   SELECT count(*) FROM <tbl>
-**
-** where table is a database table, not a sub-select or view. If the query
-** does match this pattern, then a pointer to the Table object representing
-** <tbl> is returned. Otherwise, 0 is returned.
-*/
-static Table *isSimpleCount(Select *p, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
-  Table *pTab;
-  Expr *pExpr;
-
-  assert( !p->pGroupBy );
-
-  if( p->pWhere || p->pEList->nExpr!=1 
-   || p->pSrc->nSrc!=1 || p->pSrc->a[0].pSelect
-  ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pTab = p->pSrc->a[0].pTab;
-  pExpr = p->pEList->a[0].pExpr;
-  assert( pTab && !pTab->pSelect && pExpr );
-
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;
-  if( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_FUNCTION ) return 0;
-  if( (pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFunc->flags&SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT)==0 ) return 0;
-  if( pExpr->flags&EP_Distinct ) return 0;
-
-  return pTab;
-}
-
-/*
-** If the source-list item passed as an argument was augmented with an
-** INDEXED BY clause, then try to locate the specified index. If there
-** was such a clause and the named index cannot be found, return 
-** SQLITE_ERROR and leave an error in pParse. Otherwise, populate 
-** pFrom->pIndex and return SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *pParse, struct SrcList_item *pFrom){
-  if( pFrom->pTab && pFrom->zIndex ){
-    Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
-    char *zIndex = pFrom->zIndex;
-    Index *pIdx;
-    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; 
-        pIdx && sqlite3StrICmp(pIdx->zName, zIndex); 
-        pIdx=pIdx->pNext
-    );
-    if( !pIdx ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such index: %s", zIndex, 0);
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    pFrom->pIndex = pIdx;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is a Walker callback for "expanding" a SELECT statement.
-** "Expanding" means to do the following:
-**
-**    (1)  Make sure VDBE cursor numbers have been assigned to every
-**         element of the FROM clause.
-**
-**    (2)  Fill in the pTabList->a[].pTab fields in the SrcList that 
-**         defines FROM clause.  When views appear in the FROM clause,
-**         fill pTabList->a[].pSelect with a copy of the SELECT statement
-**         that implements the view.  A copy is made of the view's SELECT
-**         statement so that we can freely modify or delete that statement
-**         without worrying about messing up the presistent representation
-**         of the view.
-**
-**    (3)  Add terms to the WHERE clause to accomodate the NATURAL keyword
-**         on joins and the ON and USING clause of joins.
-**
-**    (4)  Scan the list of columns in the result set (pEList) looking
-**         for instances of the "*" operator or the TABLE.* operator.
-**         If found, expand each "*" to be every column in every table
-**         and TABLE.* to be every column in TABLE.
-**
-*/
-static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
-  Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
-  int i, j, k;
-  SrcList *pTabList;
-  ExprList *pEList;
-  struct SrcList_item *pFrom;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  if( db->mallocFailed  ){
-    return WRC_Abort;
-  }
-  if( NEVER(p->pSrc==0) || (p->selFlags & SF_Expanded)!=0 ){
-    return WRC_Prune;
-  }
-  p->selFlags |= SF_Expanded;
-  pTabList = p->pSrc;
-  pEList = p->pEList;
-
-  /* Make sure cursor numbers have been assigned to all entries in
-  ** the FROM clause of the SELECT statement.
-  */
-  sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pTabList);
-
-  /* Look up every table named in the FROM clause of the select.  If
-  ** an entry of the FROM clause is a subquery instead of a table or view,
-  ** then create a transient table structure to describe the subquery.
-  */
-  for(i=0, pFrom=pTabList->a; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++, pFrom++){
-    Table *pTab;
-    if( pFrom->pTab!=0 ){
-      /* This statement has already been prepared.  There is no need
-      ** to go further. */
-      assert( i==0 );
-      return WRC_Prune;
-    }
-    if( pFrom->zName==0 ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-      Select *pSel = pFrom->pSelect;
-      /* A sub-query in the FROM clause of a SELECT */
-      assert( pSel!=0 );
-      assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
-      sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pSel);
-      pFrom->pTab = pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
-      if( pTab==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
-      pTab->dbMem = db->lookaside.bEnabled ? db : 0;
-      pTab->nRef = 1;
-      pTab->zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_subquery_%p_", (void*)pTab);
-      while( pSel->pPrior ){ pSel = pSel->pPrior; }
-      selectColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSel->pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
-      pTab->iPKey = -1;
-      pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral;
-#endif
-    }else{
-      /* An ordinary table or view name in the FROM clause */
-      assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
-      pFrom->pTab = pTab = 
-        sqlite3LocateTable(pParse,0,pFrom->zName,pFrom->zDatabase);
-      if( pTab==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
-      pTab->nRef++;
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined (SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
-      if( pTab->pSelect || IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-        /* We reach here if the named table is a really a view */
-        if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ) return WRC_Abort;
-        assert( pFrom->pSelect==0 );
-        pFrom->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTab->pSelect, 0);
-        sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pFrom->pSelect);
-      }
-#endif
-    }
-
-    /* Locate the index named by the INDEXED BY clause, if any. */
-    if( sqlite3IndexedByLookup(pParse, pFrom) ){
-      return WRC_Abort;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Process NATURAL keywords, and ON and USING clauses of joins.
-  */
-  if( db->mallocFailed || sqliteProcessJoin(pParse, p) ){
-    return WRC_Abort;
-  }
-
-  /* For every "*" that occurs in the column list, insert the names of
-  ** all columns in all tables.  And for every TABLE.* insert the names
-  ** of all columns in TABLE.  The parser inserted a special expression
-  ** with the TK_ALL operator for each "*" that it found in the column list.
-  ** The following code just has to locate the TK_ALL expressions and expand
-  ** each one to the list of all columns in all tables.
-  **
-  ** The first loop just checks to see if there are any "*" operators
-  ** that need expanding.
-  */
-  for(k=0; k<pEList->nExpr; k++){
-    Expr *pE = pEList->a[k].pExpr;
-    if( pE->op==TK_ALL ) break;
-    assert( pE->op!=TK_DOT || pE->pRight!=0 );
-    assert( pE->op!=TK_DOT || (pE->pLeft!=0 && pE->pLeft->op==TK_ID) );
-    if( pE->op==TK_DOT && pE->pRight->op==TK_ALL ) break;
-  }
-  if( k<pEList->nExpr ){
-    /*
-    ** If we get here it means the result set contains one or more "*"
-    ** operators that need to be expanded.  Loop through each expression
-    ** in the result set and expand them one by one.
-    */
-    struct ExprList_item *a = pEList->a;
-    ExprList *pNew = 0;
-    int flags = pParse->db->flags;
-    int longNames = (flags & SQLITE_FullColNames)!=0
-                      && (flags & SQLITE_ShortColNames)==0;
-
-    for(k=0; k<pEList->nExpr; k++){
-      Expr *pE = a[k].pExpr;
-      assert( pE->op!=TK_DOT || pE->pRight!=0 );
-      if( pE->op!=TK_ALL && (pE->op!=TK_DOT || pE->pRight->op!=TK_ALL) ){
-        /* This particular expression does not need to be expanded.
-        */
-        pNew = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pNew, a[k].pExpr);
-        if( pNew ){
-          pNew->a[pNew->nExpr-1].zName = a[k].zName;
-          pNew->a[pNew->nExpr-1].zSpan = a[k].zSpan;
-          a[k].zName = 0;
-          a[k].zSpan = 0;
-        }
-        a[k].pExpr = 0;
-      }else{
-        /* This expression is a "*" or a "TABLE.*" and needs to be
-        ** expanded. */
-        int tableSeen = 0;      /* Set to 1 when TABLE matches */
-        char *zTName;            /* text of name of TABLE */
-        if( pE->op==TK_DOT ){
-          assert( pE->pLeft!=0 );
-          assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE->pLeft, EP_IntValue) );
-          zTName = pE->pLeft->u.zToken;
-        }else{
-          zTName = 0;
-        }
-        for(i=0, pFrom=pTabList->a; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++, pFrom++){
-          Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
-          char *zTabName = pFrom->zAlias;
-          if( zTabName==0 ){
-            zTabName = pTab->zName;
-          }
-          if( db->mallocFailed ) break;
-          if( zTName && sqlite3StrICmp(zTName, zTabName)!=0 ){
-            continue;
-          }
-          tableSeen = 1;
-          for(j=0; j<pTab->nCol; j++){
-            Expr *pExpr, *pRight;
-            char *zName = pTab->aCol[j].zName;
-            char *zColname;  /* The computed column name */
-            char *zToFree;   /* Malloced string that needs to be freed */
-            Token sColname;  /* Computed column name as a token */
-
-            /* If a column is marked as 'hidden' (currently only possible
-            ** for virtual tables), do not include it in the expanded
-            ** result-set list.
-            */
-            if( IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[j]) ){
-              assert(IsVirtual(pTab));
-              continue;
-            }
-
-            if( i>0 && zTName==0 ){
-              if( (pFrom->jointype & JT_NATURAL)!=0
-                && tableAndColumnIndex(pTabList, i, zName, 0, 0)
-              ){
-                /* In a NATURAL join, omit the join columns from the 
-                ** table to the right of the join */
-                continue;
-              }
-              if( sqlite3IdListIndex(pFrom->pUsing, zName)>=0 ){
-                /* In a join with a USING clause, omit columns in the
-                ** using clause from the table on the right. */
-                continue;
-              }
-            }
-            pRight = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, zName);
-            zColname = zName;
-            zToFree = 0;
-            if( longNames || pTabList->nSrc>1 ){
-              Expr *pLeft;
-              pLeft = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, zTabName);
-              pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight, 0);
-              if( longNames ){
-                zColname = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s.%s", zTabName, zName);
-                zToFree = zColname;
-              }
-            }else{
-              pExpr = pRight;
-            }
-            pNew = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pNew, pExpr);
-            sColname.z = zColname;
-            sColname.n = sqlite3Strlen30(zColname);
-            sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, pNew, &sColname, 0);
-            sqlite3DbFree(db, zToFree);
-          }
-        }
-        if( !tableSeen ){
-          if( zTName ){
-            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such table: %s", zTName);
-          }else{
-            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no tables specified");
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pEList);
-    p->pEList = pNew;
-  }
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
-  if( p->pEList && p->pEList->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns in result set");
-  }
-#endif
-  return WRC_Continue;
-}
-
-/*
-** No-op routine for the parse-tree walker.
-**
-** When this routine is the Walker.xExprCallback then expression trees
-** are walked without any actions being taken at each node.  Presumably,
-** when this routine is used for Walker.xExprCallback then 
-** Walker.xSelectCallback is set to do something useful for every 
-** subquery in the parser tree.
-*/
-static int exprWalkNoop(Walker *NotUsed, Expr *NotUsed2){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  return WRC_Continue;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine "expands" a SELECT statement and all of its subqueries.
-** For additional information on what it means to "expand" a SELECT
-** statement, see the comment on the selectExpand worker callback above.
-**
-** Expanding a SELECT statement is the first step in processing a
-** SELECT statement.  The SELECT statement must be expanded before
-** name resolution is performed.
-**
-** If anything goes wrong, an error message is written into pParse.
-** The calling function can detect the problem by looking at pParse->nErr
-** and/or pParse->db->mallocFailed.
-*/
-static void sqlite3SelectExpand(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
-  Walker w;
-  w.xSelectCallback = selectExpander;
-  w.xExprCallback = exprWalkNoop;
-  w.pParse = pParse;
-  sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, pSelect);
-}
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-/*
-** This is a Walker.xSelectCallback callback for the sqlite3SelectTypeInfo()
-** interface.
-**
-** For each FROM-clause subquery, add Column.zType and Column.zColl
-** information to the Table structure that represents the result set
-** of that subquery.
-**
-** The Table structure that represents the result set was constructed
-** by selectExpander() but the type and collation information was omitted
-** at that point because identifiers had not yet been resolved.  This
-** routine is called after identifier resolution.
-*/
-static int selectAddSubqueryTypeInfo(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
-  Parse *pParse;
-  int i;
-  SrcList *pTabList;
-  struct SrcList_item *pFrom;
-
-  assert( p->selFlags & SF_Resolved );
-  if( (p->selFlags & SF_HasTypeInfo)==0 ){
-    p->selFlags |= SF_HasTypeInfo;
-    pParse = pWalker->pParse;
-    pTabList = p->pSrc;
-    for(i=0, pFrom=pTabList->a; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++, pFrom++){
-      Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
-      if( ALWAYS(pTab!=0) && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)!=0 ){
-        /* A sub-query in the FROM clause of a SELECT */
-        Select *pSel = pFrom->pSelect;
-        assert( pSel );
-        while( pSel->pPrior ) pSel = pSel->pPrior;
-        selectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTab->nCol, pTab->aCol, pSel);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return WRC_Continue;
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** This routine adds datatype and collating sequence information to
-** the Table structures of all FROM-clause subqueries in a
-** SELECT statement.
-**
-** Use this routine after name resolution.
-*/
-static void sqlite3SelectAddTypeInfo(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-  Walker w;
-  w.xSelectCallback = selectAddSubqueryTypeInfo;
-  w.xExprCallback = exprWalkNoop;
-  w.pParse = pParse;
-  sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, pSelect);
-#endif
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This routine sets of a SELECT statement for processing.  The
-** following is accomplished:
-**
-**     *  VDBE Cursor numbers are assigned to all FROM-clause terms.
-**     *  Ephemeral Table objects are created for all FROM-clause subqueries.
-**     *  ON and USING clauses are shifted into WHERE statements
-**     *  Wildcards "*" and "TABLE.*" in result sets are expanded.
-**     *  Identifiers in expression are matched to tables.
-**
-** This routine acts recursively on all subqueries within the SELECT.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectPrep(
-  Parse *pParse,         /* The parser context */
-  Select *p,             /* The SELECT statement being coded. */
-  NameContext *pOuterNC  /* Name context for container */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  if( NEVER(p==0) ) return;
-  db = pParse->db;
-  if( p->selFlags & SF_HasTypeInfo ) return;
-  sqlite3SelectExpand(pParse, p);
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return;
-  sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(pParse, p, pOuterNC);
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return;
-  sqlite3SelectAddTypeInfo(pParse, p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Reset the aggregate accumulator.
-**
-** The aggregate accumulator is a set of memory cells that hold
-** intermediate results while calculating an aggregate.  This
-** routine simply stores NULLs in all of those memory cells.
-*/
-static void resetAccumulator(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int i;
-  struct AggInfo_func *pFunc;
-  if( pAggInfo->nFunc+pAggInfo->nColumn==0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nColumn; i++){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pAggInfo->aCol[i].iMem);
-  }
-  for(pFunc=pAggInfo->aFunc, i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pFunc++){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pFunc->iMem);
-    if( pFunc->iDistinct>=0 ){
-      Expr *pE = pFunc->pExpr;
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_xIsSelect) );
-      if( pE->x.pList==0 || pE->x.pList->nExpr!=1 ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "DISTINCT aggregates must have exactly one "
-           "argument");
-        pFunc->iDistinct = -1;
-      }else{
-        KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pE->x.pList);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pFunc->iDistinct, 0, 0,
-                          (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Invoke the OP_AggFinalize opcode for every aggregate function
-** in the AggInfo structure.
-*/
-static void finalizeAggFunctions(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int i;
-  struct AggInfo_func *pF;
-  for(i=0, pF=pAggInfo->aFunc; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pF++){
-    ExprList *pList = pF->pExpr->x.pList;
-    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pF->pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_AggFinal, pF->iMem, pList ? pList->nExpr : 0, 0,
-                      (void*)pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Update the accumulator memory cells for an aggregate based on
-** the current cursor position.
-*/
-static void updateAccumulator(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int i;
-  struct AggInfo_func *pF;
-  struct AggInfo_col *pC;
-
-  pAggInfo->directMode = 1;
-  sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-  for(i=0, pF=pAggInfo->aFunc; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pF++){
-    int nArg;
-    int addrNext = 0;
-    int regAgg;
-    ExprList *pList = pF->pExpr->x.pList;
-    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pF->pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-    if( pList ){
-      nArg = pList->nExpr;
-      regAgg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nArg);
-      sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pList, regAgg, 0);
-    }else{
-      nArg = 0;
-      regAgg = 0;
-    }
-    if( pF->iDistinct>=0 ){
-      addrNext = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      assert( nArg==1 );
-      codeDistinct(pParse, pF->iDistinct, addrNext, 1, regAgg);
-    }
-    if( pF->pFunc->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
-      CollSeq *pColl = 0;
-      struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-      int j;
-      assert( pList!=0 );  /* pList!=0 if pF->pFunc has NEEDCOLL */
-      for(j=0, pItem=pList->a; !pColl && j<nArg; j++, pItem++){
-        pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pItem->pExpr);
-      }
-      if( !pColl ){
-        pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, 0, 0, 0, (char *)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_AggStep, 0, regAgg, pF->iMem,
-                      (void*)pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nArg);
-    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regAgg, nArg);
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regAgg, nArg);
-    if( addrNext ){
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrNext);
-      sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-    }
-  }
-  for(i=0, pC=pAggInfo->aCol; i<pAggInfo->nAccumulator; i++, pC++){
-    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pC->pExpr, pC->iMem);
-  }
-  pAggInfo->directMode = 0;
-  sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code for the SELECT statement given in the p argument.  
-**
-** The results are distributed in various ways depending on the
-** contents of the SelectDest structure pointed to by argument pDest
-** as follows:
-**
-**     pDest->eDest    Result
-**     ------------    -------------------------------------------
-**     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
-**                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
-**
-**     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
-**                     Store the first column of the first result row
-**                     in register pDest->iParm then abandon the rest
-**                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
-**
-**     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
-**                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iParm. 
-**                     Apply the affinity pDest->affinity before storing
-**                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
-**
-**     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary table pDest->iParm.
-**
-**     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary table pDest->iParm.
-**
-**     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iParm.
-**                     This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
-**                     is assumed to already be open.
-**
-**     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iParm and store
-**                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
-**                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
-**                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
-**                     the table first.
-**
-**     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
-**                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
-**                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iParm.
-**
-**     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iParm if the result
-**                     set is not empty.
-**
-**     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
-**                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
-**                     the side-effects of functions.
-**
-** This routine returns the number of errors.  If any errors are
-** encountered, then an appropriate error message is left in
-** pParse->zErrMsg.
-**
-** This routine does NOT free the Select structure passed in.  The
-** calling function needs to do that.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
-  Parse *pParse,         /* The parser context */
-  Select *p,             /* The SELECT statement being coded. */
-  SelectDest *pDest      /* What to do with the query results */
-){
-  int i, j;              /* Loop counters */
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo;     /* Return from sqlite3WhereBegin() */
-  Vdbe *v;               /* The virtual machine under construction */
-  int isAgg;             /* True for select lists like "count(*)" */
-  ExprList *pEList;      /* List of columns to extract. */
-  SrcList *pTabList;     /* List of tables to select from */
-  Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause.  May be NULL */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause.  May be NULL */
-  ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause.  May be NULL */
-  Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause.  May be NULL */
-  int isDistinct;        /* True if the DISTINCT keyword is present */
-  int distinct;          /* Table to use for the distinct set */
-  int rc = 1;            /* Value to return from this function */
-  int addrSortIndex;     /* Address of an OP_OpenEphemeral instruction */
-  AggInfo sAggInfo;      /* Information used by aggregate queries */
-  int iEnd;              /* Address of the end of the query */
-  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database connection */
-
-  db = pParse->db;
-  if( p==0 || db->mallocFailed || pParse->nErr ){
-    return 1;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SELECT, 0, 0, 0) ) return 1;
-  memset(&sAggInfo, 0, sizeof(sAggInfo));
-
-  if( IgnorableOrderby(pDest) ){
-    assert(pDest->eDest==SRT_Exists || pDest->eDest==SRT_Union || 
-           pDest->eDest==SRT_Except || pDest->eDest==SRT_Discard);
-    /* If ORDER BY makes no difference in the output then neither does
-    ** DISTINCT so it can be removed too. */
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
-    p->pOrderBy = 0;
-    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
-  }
-  sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, p, 0);
-  pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
-  pTabList = p->pSrc;
-  pEList = p->pEList;
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto select_end;
-  }
-  isAgg = (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
-  assert( pEList!=0 );
-
-  /* Begin generating code.
-  */
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v==0 ) goto select_end;
-
-  /* Generate code for all sub-queries in the FROM clause
-  */
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
-  for(i=0; !p->pPrior && i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
-    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
-    SelectDest dest;
-    Select *pSub = pItem->pSelect;
-    int isAggSub;
-
-    if( pSub==0 || pItem->isPopulated ) continue;
-
-    /* Increment Parse.nHeight by the height of the largest expression
-    ** tree refered to by this, the parent select. The child select
-    ** may contain expression trees of at most
-    ** (SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH-Parse.nHeight) height. This is a bit
-    ** more conservative than necessary, but much easier than enforcing
-    ** an exact limit.
-    */
-    pParse->nHeight += sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);
-
-    /* Check to see if the subquery can be absorbed into the parent. */
-    isAggSub = (pSub->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
-    if( flattenSubquery(pParse, p, i, isAgg, isAggSub) ){
-      if( isAggSub ){
-        isAgg = 1;
-        p->selFlags |= SF_Aggregate;
-      }
-      i = -1;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
-      assert( pItem->isPopulated==0 );
-      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
-      pItem->isPopulated = 1;
-    }
-    if( /*pParse->nErr ||*/ db->mallocFailed ){
-      goto select_end;
-    }
-    pParse->nHeight -= sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);
-    pTabList = p->pSrc;
-    if( !IgnorableOrderby(pDest) ){
-      pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
-    }
-  }
-  pEList = p->pEList;
-#endif
-  pWhere = p->pWhere;
-  pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
-  pHaving = p->pHaving;
-  isDistinct = (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0;
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
-  /* If there is are a sequence of queries, do the earlier ones first.
-  */
-  if( p->pPrior ){
-    if( p->pRightmost==0 ){
-      Select *pLoop, *pRight = 0;
-      int cnt = 0;
-      int mxSelect;
-      for(pLoop=p; pLoop; pLoop=pLoop->pPrior, cnt++){
-        pLoop->pRightmost = p;
-        pLoop->pNext = pRight;
-        pRight = pLoop;
-      }
-      mxSelect = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT];
-      if( mxSelect && cnt>mxSelect ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in compound SELECT");
-        return 1;
-      }
-    }
-    return multiSelect(pParse, p, pDest);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* If writing to memory or generating a set
-  ** only a single column may be output.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-  if( checkForMultiColumnSelectError(pParse, pDest, pEList->nExpr) ){
-    goto select_end;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* If possible, rewrite the query to use GROUP BY instead of DISTINCT.
-  ** GROUP BY might use an index, DISTINCT never does.
-  */
-  assert( p->pGroupBy==0 || (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0 );
-  if( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct ){
-    p->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pEList, 0);
-    pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
-    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
-    isDistinct = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then this sorting
-  ** index might end up being unused if the data can be 
-  ** extracted in pre-sorted order.  If that is the case, then the
-  ** OP_OpenEphemeral instruction will be changed to an OP_Noop once
-  ** we figure out that the sorting index is not needed.  The addrSortIndex
-  ** variable is used to facilitate that change.
-  */
-  if( pOrderBy ){
-    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-    pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pOrderBy);
-    pOrderBy->iECursor = pParse->nTab++;
-    p->addrOpenEphm[2] = addrSortIndex =
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,
-                           pOrderBy->iECursor, pOrderBy->nExpr+2, 0,
-                           (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-  }else{
-    addrSortIndex = -1;
-  }
-
-  /* If the output is destined for a temporary table, open that table.
-  */
-  if( pDest->eDest==SRT_EphemTab ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pDest->iParm, pEList->nExpr);
-  }
-
-  /* Set the limiter.
-  */
-  iEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-  computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iEnd);
-
-  /* Open a virtual index to use for the distinct set.
-  */
-  if( isDistinct ){
-    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-    assert( isAgg || pGroupBy );
-    distinct = pParse->nTab++;
-    pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, p->pEList);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, distinct, 0, 0,
-                        (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-  }else{
-    distinct = -1;
-  }
-
-  /* Aggregate and non-aggregate queries are handled differently */
-  if( !isAgg && pGroupBy==0 ){
-    /* This case is for non-aggregate queries
-    ** Begin the database scan
-    */
-    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, &pOrderBy, 0);
-    if( pWInfo==0 ) goto select_end;
-
-    /* If sorting index that was created by a prior OP_OpenEphemeral 
-    ** instruction ended up not being needed, then change the OP_OpenEphemeral
-    ** into an OP_Noop.
-    */
-    if( addrSortIndex>=0 && pOrderBy==0 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrSortIndex, 1);
-      p->addrOpenEphm[2] = -1;
-    }
-
-    /* Use the standard inner loop
-    */
-    assert(!isDistinct);
-    selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, pEList, 0, 0, pOrderBy, -1, pDest,
-                    pWInfo->iContinue, pWInfo->iBreak);
-
-    /* End the database scan loop.
-    */
-    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
-  }else{
-    /* This is the processing for aggregate queries */
-    NameContext sNC;    /* Name context for processing aggregate information */
-    int iAMem;          /* First Mem address for storing current GROUP BY */
-    int iBMem;          /* First Mem address for previous GROUP BY */
-    int iUseFlag;       /* Mem address holding flag indicating that at least
-                        ** one row of the input to the aggregator has been
-                        ** processed */
-    int iAbortFlag;     /* Mem address which causes query abort if positive */
-    int groupBySort;    /* Rows come from source in GROUP BY order */
-    int addrEnd;        /* End of processing for this SELECT */
-
-    /* Remove any and all aliases between the result set and the
-    ** GROUP BY clause.
-    */
-    if( pGroupBy ){
-      int k;                        /* Loop counter */
-      struct ExprList_item *pItem;  /* For looping over expression in a list */
-
-      for(k=p->pEList->nExpr, pItem=p->pEList->a; k>0; k--, pItem++){
-        pItem->iAlias = 0;
-      }
-      for(k=pGroupBy->nExpr, pItem=pGroupBy->a; k>0; k--, pItem++){
-        pItem->iAlias = 0;
-      }
-    }
-
- 
-    /* Create a label to jump to when we want to abort the query */
-    addrEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-
-    /* Convert TK_COLUMN nodes into TK_AGG_COLUMN and make entries in
-    ** sAggInfo for all TK_AGG_FUNCTION nodes in expressions of the
-    ** SELECT statement.
-    */
-    memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
-    sNC.pParse = pParse;
-    sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
-    sNC.pAggInfo = &sAggInfo;
-    sAggInfo.nSortingColumn = pGroupBy ? pGroupBy->nExpr+1 : 0;
-    sAggInfo.pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
-    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pEList);
-    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pOrderBy);
-    if( pHaving ){
-      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(&sNC, pHaving);
-    }
-    sAggInfo.nAccumulator = sAggInfo.nColumn;
-    for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nFunc; i++){
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr->x.pList);
-    }
-    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
-
-    /* Processing for aggregates with GROUP BY is very different and
-    ** much more complex than aggregates without a GROUP BY.
-    */
-    if( pGroupBy ){
-      KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Keying information for the group by clause */
-      int j1;             /* A-vs-B comparision jump */
-      int addrOutputRow;  /* Start of subroutine that outputs a result row */
-      int regOutputRow;   /* Return address register for output subroutine */
-      int addrSetAbort;   /* Set the abort flag and return */
-      int addrTopOfLoop;  /* Top of the input loop */
-      int addrSortingIdx; /* The OP_OpenEphemeral for the sorting index */
-      int addrReset;      /* Subroutine for resetting the accumulator */
-      int regReset;       /* Return address register for reset subroutine */
-
-      /* If there is a GROUP BY clause we might need a sorting index to
-      ** implement it.  Allocate that sorting index now.  If it turns out
-      ** that we do not need it after all, the OpenEphemeral instruction
-      ** will be converted into a Noop.  
-      */
-      sAggInfo.sortingIdx = pParse->nTab++;
-      pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pGroupBy);
-      addrSortingIdx = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, 
-          sAggInfo.sortingIdx, sAggInfo.nSortingColumn, 
-          0, (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-
-      /* Initialize memory locations used by GROUP BY aggregate processing
-      */
-      iUseFlag = ++pParse->nMem;
-      iAbortFlag = ++pParse->nMem;
-      regOutputRow = ++pParse->nMem;
-      addrOutputRow = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      regReset = ++pParse->nMem;
-      addrReset = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      iAMem = pParse->nMem + 1;
-      pParse->nMem += pGroupBy->nExpr;
-      iBMem = pParse->nMem + 1;
-      pParse->nMem += pGroupBy->nExpr;
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, iAbortFlag);
-      VdbeComment((v, "clear abort flag"));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, iUseFlag);
-      VdbeComment((v, "indicate accumulator empty"));
-
-      /* Begin a loop that will extract all source rows in GROUP BY order.
-      ** This might involve two separate loops with an OP_Sort in between, or
-      ** it might be a single loop that uses an index to extract information
-      ** in the right order to begin with.
-      */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReset, addrReset);
-      pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, &pGroupBy, 0);
-      if( pWInfo==0 ) goto select_end;
-      if( pGroupBy==0 ){
-        /* The optimizer is able to deliver rows in group by order so
-        ** we do not have to sort.  The OP_OpenEphemeral table will be
-        ** cancelled later because we still need to use the pKeyInfo
-        */
-        pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
-        groupBySort = 0;
-      }else{
-        /* Rows are coming out in undetermined order.  We have to push
-        ** each row into a sorting index, terminate the first loop,
-        ** then loop over the sorting index in order to get the output
-        ** in sorted order
-        */
-        int regBase;
-        int regRecord;
-        int nCol;
-        int nGroupBy;
-
-        groupBySort = 1;
-        nGroupBy = pGroupBy->nExpr;
-        nCol = nGroupBy + 1;
-        j = nGroupBy+1;
-        for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nColumn; i++){
-          if( sAggInfo.aCol[i].iSorterColumn>=j ){
-            nCol++;
-            j++;
-          }
-        }
-        regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
-        sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pGroupBy, regBase, 0);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, sAggInfo.sortingIdx,regBase+nGroupBy);
-        j = nGroupBy+1;
-        for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nColumn; i++){
-          struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &sAggInfo.aCol[i];
-          if( pCol->iSorterColumn>=j ){
-            int r1 = j + regBase;
-            int r2;
-
-            r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, 
-                               pCol->pTab, pCol->iColumn, pCol->iTable, r1);
-            if( r1!=r2 ){
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, r2, r1);
-            }
-            j++;
-          }
-        }
-        regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase, nCol, regRecord);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, sAggInfo.sortingIdx, regRecord);
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regBase, nCol);
-        sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sort, sAggInfo.sortingIdx, addrEnd);
-        VdbeComment((v, "GROUP BY sort"));
-        sAggInfo.useSortingIdx = 1;
-        sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-      }
-
-      /* Evaluate the current GROUP BY terms and store in b0, b1, b2...
-      ** (b0 is memory location iBMem+0, b1 is iBMem+1, and so forth)
-      ** Then compare the current GROUP BY terms against the GROUP BY terms
-      ** from the previous row currently stored in a0, a1, a2...
-      */
-      addrTopOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-      sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-      for(j=0; j<pGroupBy->nExpr; j++){
-        if( groupBySort ){
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, sAggInfo.sortingIdx, j, iBMem+j);
-        }else{
-          sAggInfo.directMode = 1;
-          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pGroupBy->a[j].pExpr, iBMem+j);
-        }
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Compare, iAMem, iBMem, pGroupBy->nExpr,
-                          (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
-      j1 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, j1+1, 0, j1+1);
-
-      /* Generate code that runs whenever the GROUP BY changes.
-      ** Changes in the GROUP BY are detected by the previous code
-      ** block.  If there were no changes, this block is skipped.
-      **
-      ** This code copies current group by terms in b0,b1,b2,...
-      ** over to a0,a1,a2.  It then calls the output subroutine
-      ** and resets the aggregate accumulator registers in preparation
-      ** for the next GROUP BY batch.
-      */
-      sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, iBMem, iAMem, pGroupBy->nExpr);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutputRow, addrOutputRow);
-      VdbeComment((v, "output one row"));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, iAbortFlag, addrEnd);
-      VdbeComment((v, "check abort flag"));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReset, addrReset);
-      VdbeComment((v, "reset accumulator"));
-
-      /* Update the aggregate accumulators based on the content of
-      ** the current row
-      */
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
-      updateAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iUseFlag);
-      VdbeComment((v, "indicate data in accumulator"));
-
-      /* End of the loop
-      */
-      if( groupBySort ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, sAggInfo.sortingIdx, addrTopOfLoop);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrSortingIdx, 1);
-      }
-
-      /* Output the final row of result
-      */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutputRow, addrOutputRow);
-      VdbeComment((v, "output final row"));
-
-      /* Jump over the subroutines
-      */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrEnd);
-
-      /* Generate a subroutine that outputs a single row of the result
-      ** set.  This subroutine first looks at the iUseFlag.  If iUseFlag
-      ** is less than or equal to zero, the subroutine is a no-op.  If
-      ** the processing calls for the query to abort, this subroutine
-      ** increments the iAbortFlag memory location before returning in
-      ** order to signal the caller to abort.
-      */
-      addrSetAbort = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iAbortFlag);
-      VdbeComment((v, "set abort flag"));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrOutputRow);
-      addrOutputRow = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, iUseFlag, addrOutputRow+2);
-      VdbeComment((v, "Groupby result generator entry point"));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
-      finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrOutputRow+1, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, 0, 0, pOrderBy,
-                      distinct, pDest,
-                      addrOutputRow+1, addrSetAbort);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
-      VdbeComment((v, "end groupby result generator"));
-
-      /* Generate a subroutine that will reset the group-by accumulator
-      */
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrReset);
-      resetAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regReset);
-     
-    } /* endif pGroupBy.  Begin aggregate queries without GROUP BY: */
-    else {
-      ExprList *pDel = 0;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
-      Table *pTab;
-      if( (pTab = isSimpleCount(p, &sAggInfo))!=0 ){
-        /* If isSimpleCount() returns a pointer to a Table structure, then
-        ** the SQL statement is of the form:
-        **
-        **   SELECT count(*) FROM <tbl>
-        **
-        ** where the Table structure returned represents table <tbl>.
-        **
-        ** This statement is so common that it is optimized specially. The
-        ** OP_Count instruction is executed either on the intkey table that
-        ** contains the data for table <tbl> or on one of its indexes. It
-        ** is better to execute the op on an index, as indexes are almost
-        ** always spread across less pages than their corresponding tables.
-        */
-        const int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-        const int iCsr = pParse->nTab++;     /* Cursor to scan b-tree */
-        Index *pIdx;                         /* Iterator variable */
-        KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = 0;               /* Keyinfo for scanned index */
-        Index *pBest = 0;                    /* Best index found so far */
-        int iRoot = pTab->tnum;              /* Root page of scanned b-tree */
-
-        sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
-        sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 0, pTab->zName);
-
-        /* Search for the index that has the least amount of columns. If
-        ** there is such an index, and it has less columns than the table
-        ** does, then we can assume that it consumes less space on disk and
-        ** will therefore be cheaper to scan to determine the query result.
-        ** In this case set iRoot to the root page number of the index b-tree
-        ** and pKeyInfo to the KeyInfo structure required to navigate the
-        ** index.
-        **
-        ** In practice the KeyInfo structure will not be used. It is only 
-        ** passed to keep OP_OpenRead happy.
-        */
-        for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-          if( !pBest || pIdx->nColumn<pBest->nColumn ){
-            pBest = pIdx;
-          }
-        }
-        if( pBest && pBest->nColumn<pTab->nCol ){
-          iRoot = pBest->tnum;
-          pKeyInfo = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pBest);
-        }
-
-        /* Open a read-only cursor, execute the OP_Count, close the cursor. */
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenRead, iCsr, iRoot, iDb);
-        if( pKeyInfo ){
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char *)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-        }
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iCsr, sAggInfo.aFunc[0].iMem);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCsr);
-      }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT */
-      {
-        /* Check if the query is of one of the following forms:
-        **
-        **   SELECT min(x) FROM ...
-        **   SELECT max(x) FROM ...
-        **
-        ** If it is, then ask the code in where.c to attempt to sort results
-        ** as if there was an "ORDER ON x" or "ORDER ON x DESC" clause. 
-        ** If where.c is able to produce results sorted in this order, then
-        ** add vdbe code to break out of the processing loop after the 
-        ** first iteration (since the first iteration of the loop is 
-        ** guaranteed to operate on the row with the minimum or maximum 
-        ** value of x, the only row required).
-        **
-        ** A special flag must be passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() to slightly
-        ** modify behaviour as follows:
-        **
-        **   + If the query is a "SELECT min(x)", then the loop coded by
-        **     where.c should not iterate over any values with a NULL value
-        **     for x.
-        **
-        **   + The optimizer code in where.c (the thing that decides which
-        **     index or indices to use) should place a different priority on 
-        **     satisfying the 'ORDER BY' clause than it does in other cases.
-        **     Refer to code and comments in where.c for details.
-        */
-        ExprList *pMinMax = 0;
-        u8 flag = minMaxQuery(p);
-        if( flag ){
-          assert( !ExprHasProperty(p->pEList->a[0].pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-          pMinMax = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pEList->a[0].pExpr->x.pList,0);
-          pDel = pMinMax;
-          if( pMinMax && !db->mallocFailed ){
-            pMinMax->a[0].sortOrder = flag!=WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN ?1:0;
-            pMinMax->a[0].pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
-          }
-        }
-  
-        /* This case runs if the aggregate has no GROUP BY clause.  The
-        ** processing is much simpler since there is only a single row
-        ** of output.
-        */
-        resetAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
-        pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, &pMinMax, flag);
-        if( pWInfo==0 ){
-          sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pDel);
-          goto select_end;
-        }
-        updateAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
-        if( !pMinMax && flag ){
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, pWInfo->iBreak);
-          VdbeComment((v, "%s() by index",
-                (flag==WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN?"min":"max")));
-        }
-        sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
-        finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
-      }
-
-      pOrderBy = 0;
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrEnd, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, 0, 0, 0, -1, 
-                      pDest, addrEnd, addrEnd);
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pDel);
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrEnd);
-    
-  } /* endif aggregate query */
-
-  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then we need to sort the results
-  ** and send them to the callback one by one.
-  */
-  if( pOrderBy ){
-    generateSortTail(pParse, p, v, pEList->nExpr, pDest);
-  }
-
-  /* Jump here to skip this query
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iEnd);
-
-  /* The SELECT was successfully coded.   Set the return code to 0
-  ** to indicate no errors.
-  */
-  rc = 0;
-
-  /* Control jumps to here if an error is encountered above, or upon
-  ** successful coding of the SELECT.
-  */
-select_end:
-
-  /* Identify column names if results of the SELECT are to be output.
-  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pDest->eDest==SRT_Output ){
-    generateColumnNames(pParse, pTabList, pEList);
-  }
-
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aCol);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aFunc);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-/*
-*******************************************************************************
-** The following code is used for testing and debugging only.  The code
-** that follows does not appear in normal builds.
-**
-** These routines are used to print out the content of all or part of a 
-** parse structures such as Select or Expr.  Such printouts are useful
-** for helping to understand what is happening inside the code generator
-** during the execution of complex SELECT statements.
-**
-** These routine are not called anywhere from within the normal
-** code base.  Then are intended to be called from within the debugger
-** or from temporary "printf" statements inserted for debugging.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PrintExpr(Expr *p){
-  if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) && p->u.zToken ){
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("(%s", p->u.zToken);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("(%d", p->op);
-  }
-  if( p->pLeft ){
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf(" ");
-    sqlite3PrintExpr(p->pLeft);
-  }
-  if( p->pRight ){
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf(" ");
-    sqlite3PrintExpr(p->pRight);
-  }
-  sqlite3DebugPrintf(")");
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PrintExprList(ExprList *pList){
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-    sqlite3PrintExpr(pList->a[i].pExpr);
-    if( i<pList->nExpr-1 ){
-      sqlite3DebugPrintf(", ");
-    }
-  }
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PrintSelect(Select *p, int indent){
-  sqlite3DebugPrintf("%*sSELECT(%p) ", indent, "", p);
-  sqlite3PrintExprList(p->pEList);
-  sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
-  if( p->pSrc ){
-    char *zPrefix;
-    int i;
-    zPrefix = "FROM";
-    for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
-      struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
-      sqlite3DebugPrintf("%*s ", indent+6, zPrefix);
-      zPrefix = "";
-      if( pItem->pSelect ){
-        sqlite3DebugPrintf("(\n");
-        sqlite3PrintSelect(pItem->pSelect, indent+10);
-        sqlite3DebugPrintf("%*s)", indent+8, "");
-      }else if( pItem->zName ){
-        sqlite3DebugPrintf("%s", pItem->zName);
-      }
-      if( pItem->pTab ){
-        sqlite3DebugPrintf("(table: %s)", pItem->pTab->zName);
-      }
-      if( pItem->zAlias ){
-        sqlite3DebugPrintf(" AS %s", pItem->zAlias);
-      }
-      if( i<p->pSrc->nSrc-1 ){
-        sqlite3DebugPrintf(",");
-      }
-      sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
-    }
-  }
-  if( p->pWhere ){
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%*s WHERE ", indent, "");
-    sqlite3PrintExpr(p->pWhere);
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
-  }
-  if( p->pGroupBy ){
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%*s GROUP BY ", indent, "");
-    sqlite3PrintExprList(p->pGroupBy);
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
-  }
-  if( p->pHaving ){
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%*s HAVING ", indent, "");
-    sqlite3PrintExpr(p->pHaving);
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
-  }
-  if( p->pOrderBy ){
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%*s ORDER BY ", indent, "");
-    sqlite3PrintExprList(p->pOrderBy);
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
-  }
-}
-/* End of the structure debug printing code
-*****************************************************************************/
-#endif /* defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) */
-
-/************** End of select.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file table.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the sqlite3_get_table() and sqlite3_free_table()
-** interface routines.  These are just wrappers around the main
-** interface routine of sqlite3_exec().
-**
-** These routines are in a separate files so that they will not be linked
-** if they are not used.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GET_TABLE
-
-/*
-** This structure is used to pass data from sqlite3_get_table() through
-** to the callback function is uses to build the result.
-*/
-typedef struct TabResult {
-  char **azResult;   /* Accumulated output */
-  char *zErrMsg;     /* Error message text, if an error occurs */
-  int nAlloc;        /* Slots allocated for azResult[] */
-  int nRow;          /* Number of rows in the result */
-  int nColumn;       /* Number of columns in the result */
-  int nData;         /* Slots used in azResult[].  (nRow+1)*nColumn */
-  int rc;            /* Return code from sqlite3_exec() */
-} TabResult;
-
-/*
-** This routine is called once for each row in the result table.  Its job
-** is to fill in the TabResult structure appropriately, allocating new
-** memory as necessary.
-*/
-static int sqlite3_get_table_cb(void *pArg, int nCol, char **argv, char **colv){
-  TabResult *p = (TabResult*)pArg;  /* Result accumulator */
-  int need;                         /* Slots needed in p->azResult[] */
-  int i;                            /* Loop counter */
-  char *z;                          /* A single column of result */
-
-  /* Make sure there is enough space in p->azResult to hold everything
-  ** we need to remember from this invocation of the callback.
-  */
-  if( p->nRow==0 && argv!=0 ){
-    need = nCol*2;
-  }else{
-    need = nCol;
-  }
-  if( p->nData + need > p->nAlloc ){
-    char **azNew;
-    p->nAlloc = p->nAlloc*2 + need;
-    azNew = sqlite3_realloc( p->azResult, sizeof(char*)*p->nAlloc );
-    if( azNew==0 ) goto malloc_failed;
-    p->azResult = azNew;
-  }
-
-  /* If this is the first row, then generate an extra row containing
-  ** the names of all columns.
-  */
-  if( p->nRow==0 ){
-    p->nColumn = nCol;
-    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-      z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", colv[i]);
-      if( z==0 ) goto malloc_failed;
-      p->azResult[p->nData++] = z;
-    }
-  }else if( p->nColumn!=nCol ){
-    sqlite3_free(p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
-       "sqlite3_get_table() called with two or more incompatible queries"
-    );
-    p->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Copy over the row data
-  */
-  if( argv!=0 ){
-    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-      if( argv[i]==0 ){
-        z = 0;
-      }else{
-        int n = sqlite3Strlen30(argv[i])+1;
-        z = sqlite3_malloc( n );
-        if( z==0 ) goto malloc_failed;
-        memcpy(z, argv[i], n);
-      }
-      p->azResult[p->nData++] = z;
-    }
-    p->nRow++;
-  }
-  return 0;
-
-malloc_failed:
-  p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Query the database.  But instead of invoking a callback for each row,
-** malloc() for space to hold the result and return the entire results
-** at the conclusion of the call.
-**
-** The result that is written to ***pazResult is held in memory obtained
-** from malloc().  But the caller cannot free this memory directly.  
-** Instead, the entire table should be passed to sqlite3_free_table() when
-** the calling procedure is finished using it.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
-  sqlite3 *db,                /* The database on which the SQL executes */
-  const char *zSql,           /* The SQL to be executed */
-  char ***pazResult,          /* Write the result table here */
-  int *pnRow,                 /* Write the number of rows in the result here */
-  int *pnColumn,              /* Write the number of columns of result here */
-  char **pzErrMsg             /* Write error messages here */
-){
-  int rc;
-  TabResult res;
-
-  *pazResult = 0;
-  if( pnColumn ) *pnColumn = 0;
-  if( pnRow ) *pnRow = 0;
-  if( pzErrMsg ) *pzErrMsg = 0;
-  res.zErrMsg = 0;
-  res.nRow = 0;
-  res.nColumn = 0;
-  res.nData = 1;
-  res.nAlloc = 20;
-  res.rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  res.azResult = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(char*)*res.nAlloc );
-  if( res.azResult==0 ){
-     db->errCode = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  res.azResult[0] = 0;
-  rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, sqlite3_get_table_cb, &res, pzErrMsg);
-  assert( sizeof(res.azResult[0])>= sizeof(res.nData) );
-  res.azResult[0] = SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(res.nData);
-  if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_ABORT ){
-    sqlite3_free_table(&res.azResult[1]);
-    if( res.zErrMsg ){
-      if( pzErrMsg ){
-        sqlite3_free(*pzErrMsg);
-        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s",res.zErrMsg);
-      }
-      sqlite3_free(res.zErrMsg);
-    }
-    db->errCode = res.rc;  /* Assume 32-bit assignment is atomic */
-    return res.rc;
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(res.zErrMsg);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_free_table(&res.azResult[1]);
-    return rc;
-  }
-  if( res.nAlloc>res.nData ){
-    char **azNew;
-    azNew = sqlite3_realloc( res.azResult, sizeof(char*)*res.nData );
-    if( azNew==0 ){
-      sqlite3_free_table(&res.azResult[1]);
-      db->errCode = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    res.azResult = azNew;
-  }
-  *pazResult = &res.azResult[1];
-  if( pnColumn ) *pnColumn = res.nColumn;
-  if( pnRow ) *pnRow = res.nRow;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine frees the space the sqlite3_get_table() malloced.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(
-  char **azResult            /* Result returned from from sqlite3_get_table() */
-){
-  if( azResult ){
-    int i, n;
-    azResult--;
-    assert( azResult!=0 );
-    n = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(azResult[0]);
-    for(i=1; i<n; i++){ if( azResult[i] ) sqlite3_free(azResult[i]); }
-    sqlite3_free(azResult);
-  }
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_GET_TABLE */
-
-/************** End of table.c ***********************************************/
-/************** Begin file trigger.c *****************************************/
-/*
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains the implementation for TRIGGERs
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-/*
-** Delete a linked list of TriggerStep structures.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3 *db, TriggerStep *pTriggerStep){
-  while( pTriggerStep ){
-    TriggerStep * pTmp = pTriggerStep;
-    pTriggerStep = pTriggerStep->pNext;
-
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pTmp->pWhere);
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pTmp->pExprList);
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pTmp->pSelect);
-    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pTmp->pIdList);
-
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pTmp);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Given table pTab, return a list of all the triggers attached to 
-** the table. The list is connected by Trigger.pNext pointers.
-**
-** All of the triggers on pTab that are in the same database as pTab
-** are already attached to pTab->pTrigger.  But there might be additional
-** triggers on pTab in the TEMP schema.  This routine prepends all
-** TEMP triggers on pTab to the beginning of the pTab->pTrigger list
-** and returns the combined list.
-**
-** To state it another way:  This routine returns a list of all triggers
-** that fire off of pTab.  The list will include any TEMP triggers on
-** pTab as well as the triggers lised in pTab->pTrigger.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
-  Schema * const pTmpSchema = pParse->db->aDb[1].pSchema;
-  Trigger *pList = 0;                  /* List of triggers to return */
-
-  if( pParse->disableTriggers ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  if( pTmpSchema!=pTab->pSchema ){
-    HashElem *p;
-    for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&pTmpSchema->trigHash); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
-      Trigger *pTrig = (Trigger *)sqliteHashData(p);
-      if( pTrig->pTabSchema==pTab->pSchema
-       && 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pTrig->table, pTab->zName) 
-      ){
-        pTrig->pNext = (pList ? pList : pTab->pTrigger);
-        pList = pTrig;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return (pList ? pList : pTab->pTrigger);
-}
-
-/*
-** This is called by the parser when it sees a CREATE TRIGGER statement
-** up to the point of the BEGIN before the trigger actions.  A Trigger
-** structure is generated based on the information available and stored
-** in pParse->pNewTrigger.  After the trigger actions have been parsed, the
-** sqlite3FinishTrigger() function is called to complete the trigger
-** construction process.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginTrigger(
-  Parse *pParse,      /* The parse context of the CREATE TRIGGER statement */
-  Token *pName1,      /* The name of the trigger */
-  Token *pName2,      /* The name of the trigger */
-  int tr_tm,          /* One of TK_BEFORE, TK_AFTER, TK_INSTEAD */
-  int op,             /* One of TK_INSERT, TK_UPDATE, TK_DELETE */
-  IdList *pColumns,   /* column list if this is an UPDATE OF trigger */
-  SrcList *pTableName,/* The name of the table/view the trigger applies to */
-  Expr *pWhen,        /* WHEN clause */
-  int isTemp,         /* True if the TEMPORARY keyword is present */
-  int noErr           /* Suppress errors if the trigger already exists */
-){
-  Trigger *pTrigger = 0;  /* The new trigger */
-  Table *pTab;            /* Table that the trigger fires off of */
-  char *zName = 0;        /* Name of the trigger */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* The database connection */
-  int iDb;                /* The database to store the trigger in */
-  Token *pName;           /* The unqualified db name */
-  DbFixer sFix;           /* State vector for the DB fixer */
-  int iTabDb;             /* Index of the database holding pTab */
-
-  assert( pName1!=0 );   /* pName1->z might be NULL, but not pName1 itself */
-  assert( pName2!=0 );
-  assert( op==TK_INSERT || op==TK_UPDATE || op==TK_DELETE );
-  assert( op>0 && op<0xff );
-  if( isTemp ){
-    /* If TEMP was specified, then the trigger name may not be qualified. */
-    if( pName2->n>0 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "temporary trigger may not have qualified name");
-      goto trigger_cleanup;
-    }
-    iDb = 1;
-    pName = pName1;
-  }else{
-    /* Figure out the db that the the trigger will be created in */
-    iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
-    if( iDb<0 ){
-      goto trigger_cleanup;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If the trigger name was unqualified, and the table is a temp table,
-  ** then set iDb to 1 to create the trigger in the temporary database.
-  ** If sqlite3SrcListLookup() returns 0, indicating the table does not
-  ** exist, the error is caught by the block below.
-  */
-  if( !pTableName || db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
-  }
-  pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTableName);
-  if( db->init.busy==0 && pName2->n==0 && pTab
-        && pTab->pSchema==db->aDb[1].pSchema ){
-    iDb = 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Ensure the table name matches database name and that the table exists */
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto trigger_cleanup;
-  assert( pTableName->nSrc==1 );
-  if( sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "trigger", pName) && 
-      sqlite3FixSrcList(&sFix, pTableName) ){
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
-  }
-  pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTableName);
-  if( !pTab ){
-    /* The table does not exist. */
-    if( db->init.iDb==1 ){
-      /* Ticket #3810.
-      ** Normally, whenever a table is dropped, all associated triggers are
-      ** dropped too.  But if a TEMP trigger is created on a non-TEMP table
-      ** and the table is dropped by a different database connection, the
-      ** trigger is not visible to the database connection that does the
-      ** drop so the trigger cannot be dropped.  This results in an
-      ** "orphaned trigger" - a trigger whose associated table is missing.
-      */
-      db->init.orphanTrigger = 1;
-    }
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
-  }
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot create triggers on virtual tables");
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  /* Check that the trigger name is not reserved and that no trigger of the
-  ** specified name exists */
-  zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
-  if( !zName || SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName) ){
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3HashFind(&(db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->trigHash),
-                      zName, sqlite3Strlen30(zName)) ){
-    if( !noErr ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "trigger %T already exists", pName);
-    }
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  /* Do not create a trigger on a system table */
-  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0 ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot create trigger on system table");
-    pParse->nErr++;
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  /* INSTEAD of triggers are only for views and views only support INSTEAD
-  ** of triggers.
-  */
-  if( pTab->pSelect && tr_tm!=TK_INSTEAD ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot create %s trigger on view: %S", 
-        (tr_tm == TK_BEFORE)?"BEFORE":"AFTER", pTableName, 0);
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
-  }
-  if( !pTab->pSelect && tr_tm==TK_INSTEAD ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot create INSTEAD OF"
-        " trigger on table: %S", pTableName, 0);
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
-  }
-  iTabDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  {
-    int code = SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER;
-    const char *zDb = db->aDb[iTabDb].zName;
-    const char *zDbTrig = isTemp ? db->aDb[1].zName : zDb;
-    if( iTabDb==1 || isTemp ) code = SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER;
-    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, code, zName, pTab->zName, zDbTrig) ){
-      goto trigger_cleanup;
-    }
-    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_INSERT, SCHEMA_TABLE(iTabDb),0,zDb)){
-      goto trigger_cleanup;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* INSTEAD OF triggers can only appear on views and BEFORE triggers
-  ** cannot appear on views.  So we might as well translate every
-  ** INSTEAD OF trigger into a BEFORE trigger.  It simplifies code
-  ** elsewhere.
-  */
-  if (tr_tm == TK_INSTEAD){
-    tr_tm = TK_BEFORE;
-  }
-
-  /* Build the Trigger object */
-  pTrigger = (Trigger*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Trigger));
-  if( pTrigger==0 ) goto trigger_cleanup;
-  pTrigger->zName = zName;
-  zName = 0;
-  pTrigger->table = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTableName->a[0].zName);
-  pTrigger->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
-  pTrigger->pTabSchema = pTab->pSchema;
-  pTrigger->op = (u8)op;
-  pTrigger->tr_tm = tr_tm==TK_BEFORE ? TRIGGER_BEFORE : TRIGGER_AFTER;
-  pTrigger->pWhen = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhen, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-  pTrigger->pColumns = sqlite3IdListDup(db, pColumns);
-  assert( pParse->pNewTrigger==0 );
-  pParse->pNewTrigger = pTrigger;
-
-trigger_cleanup:
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
-  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTableName);
-  sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pColumns);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhen);
-  if( !pParse->pNewTrigger ){
-    sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, pTrigger);
-  }else{
-    assert( pParse->pNewTrigger==pTrigger );
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called after all of the trigger actions have been parsed
-** in order to complete the process of building the trigger.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishTrigger(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parser context */
-  TriggerStep *pStepList, /* The triggered program */
-  Token *pAll             /* Token that describes the complete CREATE TRIGGER */
-){
-  Trigger *pTrig = pParse->pNewTrigger;   /* Trigger being finished */
-  char *zName;                            /* Name of trigger */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;               /* The database */
-  DbFixer sFix;                           /* Fixer object */
-  int iDb;                                /* Database containing the trigger */
-  Token nameToken;                        /* Trigger name for error reporting */
-
-  pTrig = pParse->pNewTrigger;
-  pParse->pNewTrigger = 0;
-  if( NEVER(pParse->nErr) || !pTrig ) goto triggerfinish_cleanup;
-  zName = pTrig->zName;
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTrig->pSchema);
-  pTrig->step_list = pStepList;
-  while( pStepList ){
-    pStepList->pTrig = pTrig;
-    pStepList = pStepList->pNext;
-  }
-  nameToken.z = pTrig->zName;
-  nameToken.n = sqlite3Strlen30(nameToken.z);
-  if( sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "trigger", &nameToken) 
-          && sqlite3FixTriggerStep(&sFix, pTrig->step_list) ){
-    goto triggerfinish_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  /* if we are not initializing,
-  ** build the sqlite_master entry
-  */
-  if( !db->init.busy ){
-    Vdbe *v;
-    char *z;
-
-    /* Make an entry in the sqlite_master table */
-    v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-    if( v==0 ) goto triggerfinish_cleanup;
-    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
-    z = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pAll->z, pAll->n);
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-       "INSERT INTO %Q.%s VALUES('trigger',%Q,%Q,0,'CREATE TRIGGER %q')",
-       db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), zName,
-       pTrig->table, z);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
-    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0, sqlite3MPrintf(
-        db, "type='trigger' AND name='%q'", zName), P4_DYNAMIC
-    );
-  }
-
-  if( db->init.busy ){
-    Trigger *pLink = pTrig;
-    Hash *pHash = &db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->trigHash;
-    pTrig = sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, zName, sqlite3Strlen30(zName), pTrig);
-    if( pTrig ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-    }else if( pLink->pSchema==pLink->pTabSchema ){
-      Table *pTab;
-      int n = sqlite3Strlen30(pLink->table);
-      pTab = sqlite3HashFind(&pLink->pTabSchema->tblHash, pLink->table, n);
-      assert( pTab!=0 );
-      pLink->pNext = pTab->pTrigger;
-      pTab->pTrigger = pLink;
-    }
-  }
-
-triggerfinish_cleanup:
-  sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, pTrig);
-  assert( !pParse->pNewTrigger );
-  sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(db, pStepList);
-}
-
-/*
-** Turn a SELECT statement (that the pSelect parameter points to) into
-** a trigger step.  Return a pointer to a TriggerStep structure.
-**
-** The parser calls this routine when it finds a SELECT statement in
-** body of a TRIGGER.  
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3 *db, Select *pSelect){
-  TriggerStep *pTriggerStep = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(TriggerStep));
-  if( pTriggerStep==0 ) {
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pTriggerStep->op = TK_SELECT;
-  pTriggerStep->pSelect = pSelect;
-  pTriggerStep->orconf = OE_Default;
-  return pTriggerStep;
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate space to hold a new trigger step.  The allocated space
-** holds both the TriggerStep object and the TriggerStep.target.z string.
-**
-** If an OOM error occurs, NULL is returned and db->mallocFailed is set.
-*/
-static TriggerStep *triggerStepAllocate(
-  sqlite3 *db,                /* Database connection */
-  u8 op,                      /* Trigger opcode */
-  Token *pName                /* The target name */
-){
-  TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
-
-  pTriggerStep = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(TriggerStep) + pName->n);
-  if( pTriggerStep ){
-    char *z = (char*)&pTriggerStep[1];
-    memcpy(z, pName->z, pName->n);
-    pTriggerStep->target.z = z;
-    pTriggerStep->target.n = pName->n;
-    pTriggerStep->op = op;
-  }
-  return pTriggerStep;
-}
-
-/*
-** Build a trigger step out of an INSERT statement.  Return a pointer
-** to the new trigger step.
-**
-** The parser calls this routine when it sees an INSERT inside the
-** body of a trigger.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(
-  sqlite3 *db,        /* The database connection */
-  Token *pTableName,  /* Name of the table into which we insert */
-  IdList *pColumn,    /* List of columns in pTableName to insert into */
-  ExprList *pEList,   /* The VALUE clause: a list of values to be inserted */
-  Select *pSelect,    /* A SELECT statement that supplies values */
-  u8 orconf           /* The conflict algorithm (OE_Abort, OE_Replace, etc.) */
-){
-  TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
-
-  assert(pEList == 0 || pSelect == 0);
-  assert(pEList != 0 || pSelect != 0 || db->mallocFailed);
-
-  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_INSERT, pTableName);
-  if( pTriggerStep ){
-    pTriggerStep->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-    pTriggerStep->pIdList = pColumn;
-    pTriggerStep->pExprList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-    pTriggerStep->orconf = orconf;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pColumn);
-  }
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pEList);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
-
-  return pTriggerStep;
-}
-
-/*
-** Construct a trigger step that implements an UPDATE statement and return
-** a pointer to that trigger step.  The parser calls this routine when it
-** sees an UPDATE statement inside the body of a CREATE TRIGGER.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(
-  sqlite3 *db,         /* The database connection */
-  Token *pTableName,   /* Name of the table to be updated */
-  ExprList *pEList,    /* The SET clause: list of column and new values */
-  Expr *pWhere,        /* The WHERE clause */
-  u8 orconf            /* The conflict algorithm. (OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, etc) */
-){
-  TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
-
-  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_UPDATE, pTableName);
-  if( pTriggerStep ){
-    pTriggerStep->pExprList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-    pTriggerStep->pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-    pTriggerStep->orconf = orconf;
-  }
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pEList);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
-  return pTriggerStep;
-}
-
-/*
-** Construct a trigger step that implements a DELETE statement and return
-** a pointer to that trigger step.  The parser calls this routine when it
-** sees a DELETE statement inside the body of a CREATE TRIGGER.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database connection */
-  Token *pTableName,      /* The table from which rows are deleted */
-  Expr *pWhere            /* The WHERE clause */
-){
-  TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
-
-  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_DELETE, pTableName);
-  if( pTriggerStep ){
-    pTriggerStep->pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
-    pTriggerStep->orconf = OE_Default;
-  }
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
-  return pTriggerStep;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Recursively delete a Trigger structure
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3 *db, Trigger *pTrigger){
-  if( pTrigger==0 ) return;
-  sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(db, pTrigger->step_list);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTrigger->zName);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTrigger->table);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pTrigger->pWhen);
-  sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pTrigger->pColumns);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTrigger);
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called to drop a trigger from the database schema. 
-**
-** This may be called directly from the parser and therefore identifies
-** the trigger by name.  The sqlite3DropTriggerPtr() routine does the
-** same job as this routine except it takes a pointer to the trigger
-** instead of the trigger name.
-**/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, int noErr){
-  Trigger *pTrigger = 0;
-  int i;
-  const char *zDb;
-  const char *zName;
-  int nName;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto drop_trigger_cleanup;
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
-    goto drop_trigger_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  assert( pName->nSrc==1 );
-  zDb = pName->a[0].zDatabase;
-  zName = pName->a[0].zName;
-  nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-  for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;  /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
-    if( zDb && sqlite3StrICmp(db->aDb[j].zName, zDb) ) continue;
-    pTrigger = sqlite3HashFind(&(db->aDb[j].pSchema->trigHash), zName, nName);
-    if( pTrigger ) break;
-  }
-  if( !pTrigger ){
-    if( !noErr ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such trigger: %S", pName, 0);
-    }
-    goto drop_trigger_cleanup;
-  }
-  sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(pParse, pTrigger);
-
-drop_trigger_cleanup:
-  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pName);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the Table structure for the table that a trigger
-** is set on.
-*/
-static Table *tableOfTrigger(Trigger *pTrigger){
-  int n = sqlite3Strlen30(pTrigger->table);
-  return sqlite3HashFind(&pTrigger->pTabSchema->tblHash, pTrigger->table, n);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Drop a trigger given a pointer to that trigger. 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse *pParse, Trigger *pTrigger){
-  Table   *pTable;
-  Vdbe *v;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int iDb;
-
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTrigger->pSchema);
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
-  pTable = tableOfTrigger(pTrigger);
-  assert( pTable );
-  assert( pTable->pSchema==pTrigger->pSchema || iDb==1 );
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  {
-    int code = SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER;
-    const char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
-    const char *zTab = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
-    if( iDb==1 ) code = SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER;
-    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, code, pTrigger->zName, pTable->zName, zDb) ||
-      sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, zTab, 0, zDb) ){
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Generate code to destroy the database record of the trigger.
-  */
-  assert( pTable!=0 );
-  if( (v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse))!=0 ){
-    int base;
-    static const VdbeOpList dropTrigger[] = {
-      { OP_Rewind,     0, ADDR(9),  0},
-      { OP_String8,    0, 1,        0}, /* 1 */
-      { OP_Column,     0, 1,        2},
-      { OP_Ne,         2, ADDR(8),  1},
-      { OP_String8,    0, 1,        0}, /* 4: "trigger" */
-      { OP_Column,     0, 0,        2},
-      { OP_Ne,         2, ADDR(8),  1},
-      { OP_Delete,     0, 0,        0},
-      { OP_Next,       0, ADDR(1),  0}, /* 8 */
-    };
-
-    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
-    sqlite3OpenMasterTable(pParse, iDb);
-    base = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v,  ArraySize(dropTrigger), dropTrigger);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+1, pTrigger->zName, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+4, "trigger", P4_STATIC);
-    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTrigger, iDb, 0, 0, pTrigger->zName, 0);
-    if( pParse->nMem<3 ){
-      pParse->nMem = 3;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Remove a trigger from the hash tables of the sqlite* pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zName){
-  Hash *pHash = &(db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->trigHash);
-  Trigger *pTrigger;
-  pTrigger = sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, zName, sqlite3Strlen30(zName), 0);
-  if( ALWAYS(pTrigger) ){
-    if( pTrigger->pSchema==pTrigger->pTabSchema ){
-      Table *pTab = tableOfTrigger(pTrigger);
-      Trigger **pp;
-      for(pp=&pTab->pTrigger; *pp!=pTrigger; pp=&((*pp)->pNext));
-      *pp = (*pp)->pNext;
-    }
-    sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, pTrigger);
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** pEList is the SET clause of an UPDATE statement.  Each entry
-** in pEList is of the format <id>=<expr>.  If any of the entries
-** in pEList have an <id> which matches an identifier in pIdList,
-** then return TRUE.  If pIdList==NULL, then it is considered a
-** wildcard that matches anything.  Likewise if pEList==NULL then
-** it matches anything so always return true.  Return false only
-** if there is no match.
-*/
-static int checkColumnOverlap(IdList *pIdList, ExprList *pEList){
-  int e;
-  if( pIdList==0 || NEVER(pEList==0) ) return 1;
-  for(e=0; e<pEList->nExpr; e++){
-    if( sqlite3IdListIndex(pIdList, pEList->a[e].zName)>=0 ) return 1;
-  }
-  return 0; 
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a list of all triggers on table pTab if there exists at least
-** one trigger that must be fired when an operation of type 'op' is 
-** performed on the table, and, if that operation is an UPDATE, if at
-** least one of the columns in pChanges is being modified.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parse context */
-  Table *pTab,            /* The table the contains the triggers */
-  int op,                 /* one of TK_DELETE, TK_INSERT, TK_UPDATE */
-  ExprList *pChanges,     /* Columns that change in an UPDATE statement */
-  int *pMask              /* OUT: Mask of TRIGGER_BEFORE|TRIGGER_AFTER */
-){
-  int mask = 0;
-  Trigger *pList = sqlite3TriggerList(pParse, pTab);
-  Trigger *p;
-  assert( pList==0 || IsVirtual(pTab)==0 );
-  for(p=pList; p; p=p->pNext){
-    if( p->op==op && checkColumnOverlap(p->pColumns, pChanges) ){
-      mask |= p->tr_tm;
-    }
-  }
-  if( pMask ){
-    *pMask = mask;
-  }
-  return (mask ? pList : 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert the pStep->target token into a SrcList and return a pointer
-** to that SrcList.
-**
-** This routine adds a specific database name, if needed, to the target when
-** forming the SrcList.  This prevents a trigger in one database from
-** referring to a target in another database.  An exception is when the
-** trigger is in TEMP in which case it can refer to any other database it
-** wants.
-*/
-static SrcList *targetSrcList(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* The parsing context */
-  TriggerStep *pStep   /* The trigger containing the target token */
-){
-  int iDb;             /* Index of the database to use */
-  SrcList *pSrc;       /* SrcList to be returned */
-
-  pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0, &pStep->target, 0);
-  if( pSrc ){
-    assert( pSrc->nSrc>0 );
-    assert( pSrc->a!=0 );
-    iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pStep->pTrig->pSchema);
-    if( iDb==0 || iDb>=2 ){
-      sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-      assert( iDb<pParse->db->nDb );
-      pSrc->a[pSrc->nSrc-1].zDatabase = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, db->aDb[iDb].zName);
-    }
-  }
-  return pSrc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate VDBE code for the statements inside the body of a single 
-** trigger.
-*/
-static int codeTriggerProgram(
-  Parse *pParse,            /* The parser context */
-  TriggerStep *pStepList,   /* List of statements inside the trigger body */
-  int orconf                /* Conflict algorithm. (OE_Abort, etc) */  
-){
-  TriggerStep *pStep;
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  assert( pParse->pTriggerTab && pParse->pToplevel );
-  assert( pStepList );
-  assert( v!=0 );
-  for(pStep=pStepList; pStep; pStep=pStep->pNext){
-    /* Figure out the ON CONFLICT policy that will be used for this step
-    ** of the trigger program. If the statement that caused this trigger
-    ** to fire had an explicit ON CONFLICT, then use it. Otherwise, use
-    ** the ON CONFLICT policy that was specified as part of the trigger
-    ** step statement. Example:
-    **
-    **   CREATE TRIGGER AFTER INSERT ON t1 BEGIN;
-    **     INSERT OR REPLACE INTO t2 VALUES(new.a, new.b);
-    **   END;
-    **
-    **   INSERT INTO t1 ... ;            -- insert into t2 uses REPLACE policy
-    **   INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 ... ;  -- insert into t2 uses IGNORE policy
-    */
-    pParse->eOrconf = (orconf==OE_Default)?pStep->orconf:(u8)orconf;
-
-    switch( pStep->op ){
-      case TK_UPDATE: {
-        sqlite3Update(pParse, 
-          targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
-          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pStep->pExprList, 0), 
-          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0), 
-          pParse->eOrconf
-        );
-        break;
-      }
-      case TK_INSERT: {
-        sqlite3Insert(pParse, 
-          targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
-          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pStep->pExprList, 0), 
-          sqlite3SelectDup(db, pStep->pSelect, 0), 
-          sqlite3IdListDup(db, pStep->pIdList), 
-          pParse->eOrconf
-        );
-        break;
-      }
-      case TK_DELETE: {
-        sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, 
-          targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
-          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0)
-        );
-        break;
-      }
-      default: assert( pStep->op==TK_SELECT ); {
-        SelectDest sDest;
-        Select *pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pStep->pSelect, 0);
-        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&sDest, SRT_Discard, 0);
-        sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &sDest);
-        sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
-        break;
-      }
-    } 
-    if( pStep->op!=TK_SELECT ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_ResetCount);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-** This function is used to add VdbeComment() annotations to a VDBE
-** program. It is not used in production code, only for debugging.
-*/
-static const char *onErrorText(int onError){
-  switch( onError ){
-    case OE_Abort:    return "abort";
-    case OE_Rollback: return "rollback";
-    case OE_Fail:     return "fail";
-    case OE_Replace:  return "replace";
-    case OE_Ignore:   return "ignore";
-    case OE_Default:  return "default";
-  }
-  return "n/a";
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Parse context structure pFrom has just been used to create a sub-vdbe
-** (trigger program). If an error has occurred, transfer error information
-** from pFrom to pTo.
-*/
-static void transferParseError(Parse *pTo, Parse *pFrom){
-  assert( pFrom->zErrMsg==0 || pFrom->nErr );
-  assert( pTo->zErrMsg==0 || pTo->nErr );
-  if( pTo->nErr==0 ){
-    pTo->zErrMsg = pFrom->zErrMsg;
-    pTo->nErr = pFrom->nErr;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3DbFree(pFrom->db, pFrom->zErrMsg);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Create and populate a new TriggerPrg object with a sub-program 
-** implementing trigger pTrigger with ON CONFLICT policy orconf.
-*/
-static TriggerPrg *codeRowTrigger(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* Current parse context */
-  Trigger *pTrigger,   /* Trigger to code */
-  Table *pTab,         /* The table pTrigger is attached to */
-  int orconf           /* ON CONFLICT policy to code trigger program with */
-){
-  Parse *pTop = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;   /* Database handle */
-  TriggerPrg *pPrg;           /* Value to return */
-  Expr *pWhen = 0;            /* Duplicate of trigger WHEN expression */
-  Vdbe *v;                    /* Temporary VM */
-  NameContext sNC;            /* Name context for sub-vdbe */
-  SubProgram *pProgram = 0;   /* Sub-vdbe for trigger program */
-  Parse *pSubParse;           /* Parse context for sub-vdbe */
-  int iEndTrigger = 0;        /* Label to jump to if WHEN is false */
-
-  assert( pTrigger->zName==0 || pTab==tableOfTrigger(pTrigger) );
-
-  /* Allocate the TriggerPrg and SubProgram objects. To ensure that they
-  ** are freed if an error occurs, link them into the Parse.pTriggerPrg 
-  ** list of the top-level Parse object sooner rather than later.  */
-  pPrg = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(TriggerPrg));
-  if( !pPrg ) return 0;
-  pPrg->pNext = pTop->pTriggerPrg;
-  pTop->pTriggerPrg = pPrg;
-  pPrg->pProgram = pProgram = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(SubProgram));
-  if( !pProgram ) return 0;
-  pProgram->nRef = 1;
-  pPrg->pTrigger = pTrigger;
-  pPrg->orconf = orconf;
-  pPrg->aColmask[0] = 0xffffffff;
-  pPrg->aColmask[1] = 0xffffffff;
-
-  /* Allocate and populate a new Parse context to use for coding the 
-  ** trigger sub-program.  */
-  pSubParse = sqlite3StackAllocZero(db, sizeof(Parse));
-  if( !pSubParse ) return 0;
-  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
-  sNC.pParse = pSubParse;
-  pSubParse->db = db;
-  pSubParse->pTriggerTab = pTab;
-  pSubParse->pToplevel = pTop;
-  pSubParse->zAuthContext = pTrigger->zName;
-  pSubParse->eTriggerOp = pTrigger->op;
-
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pSubParse);
-  if( v ){
-    VdbeComment((v, "Start: %s.%s (%s %s%s%s ON %s)", 
-      pTrigger->zName, onErrorText(orconf),
-      (pTrigger->tr_tm==TRIGGER_BEFORE ? "BEFORE" : "AFTER"),
-        (pTrigger->op==TK_UPDATE ? "UPDATE" : ""),
-        (pTrigger->op==TK_INSERT ? "INSERT" : ""),
-        (pTrigger->op==TK_DELETE ? "DELETE" : ""),
-      pTab->zName
-    ));
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, 
-      sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-- TRIGGER %s", pTrigger->zName), P4_DYNAMIC
-    );
-#endif
-
-    /* If one was specified, code the WHEN clause. If it evaluates to false
-    ** (or NULL) the sub-vdbe is immediately halted by jumping to the 
-    ** OP_Halt inserted at the end of the program.  */
-    if( pTrigger->pWhen ){
-      pWhen = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pTrigger->pWhen, 0);
-      if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhen) 
-       && db->mallocFailed==0 
-      ){
-        iEndTrigger = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-        sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pSubParse, pWhen, iEndTrigger, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      }
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhen);
-    }
-
-    /* Code the trigger program into the sub-vdbe. */
-    codeTriggerProgram(pSubParse, pTrigger->step_list, orconf);
-
-    /* Insert an OP_Halt at the end of the sub-program. */
-    if( iEndTrigger ){
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iEndTrigger);
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);
-    VdbeComment((v, "End: %s.%s", pTrigger->zName, onErrorText(orconf)));
-
-    transferParseError(pParse, pSubParse);
-    if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
-      pProgram->aOp = sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(v, &pProgram->nOp, &pTop->nMaxArg);
-    }
-    pProgram->nMem = pSubParse->nMem;
-    pProgram->nCsr = pSubParse->nTab;
-    pProgram->token = (void *)pTrigger;
-    pPrg->aColmask[0] = pSubParse->oldmask;
-    pPrg->aColmask[1] = pSubParse->newmask;
-    sqlite3VdbeDelete(v);
-  }
-
-  assert( !pSubParse->pAinc       && !pSubParse->pZombieTab );
-  assert( !pSubParse->pTriggerPrg && !pSubParse->nMaxArg );
-  sqlite3StackFree(db, pSubParse);
-
-  return pPrg;
-}
-    
-/*
-** Return a pointer to a TriggerPrg object containing the sub-program for
-** trigger pTrigger with default ON CONFLICT algorithm orconf. If no such
-** TriggerPrg object exists, a new object is allocated and populated before
-** being returned.
-*/
-static TriggerPrg *getRowTrigger(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* Current parse context */
-  Trigger *pTrigger,   /* Trigger to code */
-  Table *pTab,         /* The table trigger pTrigger is attached to */
-  int orconf           /* ON CONFLICT algorithm. */
-){
-  Parse *pRoot = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-  TriggerPrg *pPrg;
-
-  assert( pTrigger->zName==0 || pTab==tableOfTrigger(pTrigger) );
-
-  /* It may be that this trigger has already been coded (or is in the
-  ** process of being coded). If this is the case, then an entry with
-  ** a matching TriggerPrg.pTrigger field will be present somewhere
-  ** in the Parse.pTriggerPrg list. Search for such an entry.  */
-  for(pPrg=pRoot->pTriggerPrg; 
-      pPrg && (pPrg->pTrigger!=pTrigger || pPrg->orconf!=orconf); 
-      pPrg=pPrg->pNext
-  );
-
-  /* If an existing TriggerPrg could not be located, create a new one. */
-  if( !pPrg ){
-    pPrg = codeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, pTab, orconf);
-  }
-
-  return pPrg;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code for the trigger program associated with trigger p on 
-** table pTab. The reg, orconf and ignoreJump parameters passed to this
-** function are the same as those described in the header function for
-** sqlite3CodeRowTrigger()
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* Parse context */
-  Trigger *p,          /* Trigger to code */
-  Table *pTab,         /* The table to code triggers from */
-  int reg,             /* Reg array containing OLD.* and NEW.* values */
-  int orconf,          /* ON CONFLICT policy */
-  int ignoreJump       /* Instruction to jump to for RAISE(IGNORE) */
-){
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse); /* Main VM */
-  TriggerPrg *pPrg;
-  pPrg = getRowTrigger(pParse, p, pTab, orconf);
-  assert( pPrg || pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
-
-  /* Code the OP_Program opcode in the parent VDBE. P4 of the OP_Program 
-  ** is a pointer to the sub-vdbe containing the trigger program.  */
-  if( pPrg ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Program, reg, ignoreJump, ++pParse->nMem);
-    pPrg->pProgram->nRef++;
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (const char *)pPrg->pProgram, P4_SUBPROGRAM);
-    VdbeComment(
-        (v, "Call: %s.%s", (p->zName?p->zName:"fkey"), onErrorText(orconf)));
-
-    /* Set the P5 operand of the OP_Program instruction to non-zero if
-    ** recursive invocation of this trigger program is disallowed. Recursive
-    ** invocation is disallowed if (a) the sub-program is really a trigger,
-    ** not a foreign key action, and (b) the flag to enable recursive triggers
-    ** is clear.  */
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)(p->zName && !(pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers)));
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This is called to code the required FOR EACH ROW triggers for an operation
-** on table pTab. The operation to code triggers for (INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE)
-** is given by the op paramater. The tr_tm parameter determines whether the
-** BEFORE or AFTER triggers are coded. If the operation is an UPDATE, then
-** parameter pChanges is passed the list of columns being modified.
-**
-** If there are no triggers that fire at the specified time for the specified
-** operation on pTab, this function is a no-op.
-**
-** The reg argument is the address of the first in an array of registers 
-** that contain the values substituted for the new.* and old.* references
-** in the trigger program. If N is the number of columns in table pTab
-** (a copy of pTab->nCol), then registers are populated as follows:
-**
-**   Register       Contains
-**   ------------------------------------------------------
-**   reg+0          OLD.rowid
-**   reg+1          OLD.* value of left-most column of pTab
-**   ...            ...
-**   reg+N          OLD.* value of right-most column of pTab
-**   reg+N+1        NEW.rowid
-**   reg+N+2        OLD.* value of left-most column of pTab
-**   ...            ...
-**   reg+N+N+1      NEW.* value of right-most column of pTab
-**
-** For ON DELETE triggers, the registers containing the NEW.* values will
-** never be accessed by the trigger program, so they are not allocated or 
-** populated by the caller (there is no data to populate them with anyway). 
-** Similarly, for ON INSERT triggers the values stored in the OLD.* registers
-** are never accessed, and so are not allocated by the caller. So, for an
-** ON INSERT trigger, the value passed to this function as parameter reg
-** is not a readable register, although registers (reg+N) through 
-** (reg+N+N+1) are.
-**
-** Parameter orconf is the default conflict resolution algorithm for the
-** trigger program to use (REPLACE, IGNORE etc.). Parameter ignoreJump
-** is the instruction that control should jump to if a trigger program
-** raises an IGNORE exception.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* Parse context */
-  Trigger *pTrigger,   /* List of triggers on table pTab */
-  int op,              /* One of TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_DELETE */
-  ExprList *pChanges,  /* Changes list for any UPDATE OF triggers */
-  int tr_tm,           /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
-  Table *pTab,         /* The table to code triggers from */
-  int reg,             /* The first in an array of registers (see above) */
-  int orconf,          /* ON CONFLICT policy */
-  int ignoreJump       /* Instruction to jump to for RAISE(IGNORE) */
-){
-  Trigger *p;          /* Used to iterate through pTrigger list */
-
-  assert( op==TK_UPDATE || op==TK_INSERT || op==TK_DELETE );
-  assert( tr_tm==TRIGGER_BEFORE || tr_tm==TRIGGER_AFTER );
-  assert( (op==TK_UPDATE)==(pChanges!=0) );
-
-  for(p=pTrigger; p; p=p->pNext){
-
-    /* Sanity checking:  The schema for the trigger and for the table are
-    ** always defined.  The trigger must be in the same schema as the table
-    ** or else it must be a TEMP trigger. */
-    assert( p->pSchema!=0 );
-    assert( p->pTabSchema!=0 );
-    assert( p->pSchema==p->pTabSchema 
-         || p->pSchema==pParse->db->aDb[1].pSchema );
-
-    /* Determine whether we should code this trigger */
-    if( p->op==op 
-     && p->tr_tm==tr_tm 
-     && checkColumnOverlap(p->pColumns, pChanges)
-    ){
-      sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(pParse, p, pTab, reg, orconf, ignoreJump);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Triggers may access values stored in the old.* or new.* pseudo-table. 
-** This function returns a 32-bit bitmask indicating which columns of the 
-** old.* or new.* tables actually are used by triggers. This information 
-** may be used by the caller, for example, to avoid having to load the entire
-** old.* record into memory when executing an UPDATE or DELETE command.
-**
-** Bit 0 of the returned mask is set if the left-most column of the
-** table may be accessed using an [old|new].<col> reference. Bit 1 is set if
-** the second leftmost column value is required, and so on. If there
-** are more than 32 columns in the table, and at least one of the columns
-** with an index greater than 32 may be accessed, 0xffffffff is returned.
-**
-** It is not possible to determine if the old.rowid or new.rowid column is 
-** accessed by triggers. The caller must always assume that it is.
-**
-** Parameter isNew must be either 1 or 0. If it is 0, then the mask returned
-** applies to the old.* table. If 1, the new.* table.
-**
-** Parameter tr_tm must be a mask with one or both of the TRIGGER_BEFORE
-** and TRIGGER_AFTER bits set. Values accessed by BEFORE triggers are only
-** included in the returned mask if the TRIGGER_BEFORE bit is set in the
-** tr_tm parameter. Similarly, values accessed by AFTER triggers are only
-** included in the returned mask if the TRIGGER_AFTER bit is set in tr_tm.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* Parse context */
-  Trigger *pTrigger,   /* List of triggers on table pTab */
-  ExprList *pChanges,  /* Changes list for any UPDATE OF triggers */
-  int isNew,           /* 1 for new.* ref mask, 0 for old.* ref mask */
-  int tr_tm,           /* Mask of TRIGGER_BEFORE|TRIGGER_AFTER */
-  Table *pTab,         /* The table to code triggers from */
-  int orconf           /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
-){
-  const int op = pChanges ? TK_UPDATE : TK_DELETE;
-  u32 mask = 0;
-  Trigger *p;
-
-  assert( isNew==1 || isNew==0 );
-  for(p=pTrigger; p; p=p->pNext){
-    if( p->op==op && (tr_tm&p->tr_tm)
-     && checkColumnOverlap(p->pColumns,pChanges)
-    ){
-      TriggerPrg *pPrg;
-      pPrg = getRowTrigger(pParse, p, pTab, orconf);
-      if( pPrg ){
-        mask |= pPrg->aColmask[isNew];
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return mask;
-}
-
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) */
-
-/************** End of trigger.c *********************************************/
-/************** Begin file update.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
-** to handle UPDATE statements.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Forward declaration */
-static void updateVirtualTable(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* The parsing context */
-  SrcList *pSrc,       /* The virtual table to be modified */
-  Table *pTab,         /* The virtual table */
-  ExprList *pChanges,  /* The columns to change in the UPDATE statement */
-  Expr *pRowidExpr,    /* Expression used to recompute the rowid */
-  int *aXRef,          /* Mapping from columns of pTab to entries in pChanges */
-  Expr *pWhere         /* WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement */
-);
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-/*
-** The most recently coded instruction was an OP_Column to retrieve the
-** i-th column of table pTab. This routine sets the P4 parameter of the 
-** OP_Column to the default value, if any.
-**
-** The default value of a column is specified by a DEFAULT clause in the 
-** column definition. This was either supplied by the user when the table
-** was created, or added later to the table definition by an ALTER TABLE
-** command. If the latter, then the row-records in the table btree on disk
-** may not contain a value for the column and the default value, taken
-** from the P4 parameter of the OP_Column instruction, is returned instead.
-** If the former, then all row-records are guaranteed to include a value
-** for the column and the P4 value is not required.
-**
-** Column definitions created by an ALTER TABLE command may only have 
-** literal default values specified: a number, null or a string. (If a more
-** complicated default expression value was provided, it is evaluated 
-** when the ALTER TABLE is executed and one of the literal values written
-** into the sqlite_master table.)
-**
-** Therefore, the P4 parameter is only required if the default value for
-** the column is a literal number, string or null. The sqlite3ValueFromExpr()
-** function is capable of transforming these types of expressions into
-** sqlite3_value objects.
-**
-** If parameter iReg is not negative, code an OP_RealAffinity instruction
-** on register iReg. This is used when an equivalent integer value is 
-** stored in place of an 8-byte floating point value in order to save 
-** space.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab, int i, int iReg){
-  assert( pTab!=0 );
-  if( !pTab->pSelect ){
-    sqlite3_value *pValue;
-    u8 enc = ENC(sqlite3VdbeDb(v));
-    Column *pCol = &pTab->aCol[i];
-    VdbeComment((v, "%s.%s", pTab->zName, pCol->zName));
-    assert( i<pTab->nCol );
-    sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3VdbeDb(v), pCol->pDflt, enc, 
-                         pCol->affinity, &pValue);
-    if( pValue ){
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (const char *)pValue, P4_MEM);
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-    if( iReg>=0 && pTab->aCol[i].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, iReg);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Process an UPDATE statement.
-**
-**   UPDATE OR IGNORE table_wxyz SET a=b, c=d WHERE e<5 AND f NOT NULL;
-**          \_______/ \________/     \______/       \________________/
-*            onError   pTabList      pChanges             pWhere
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
-  Parse *pParse,         /* The parser context */
-  SrcList *pTabList,     /* The table in which we should change things */
-  ExprList *pChanges,    /* Things to be changed */
-  Expr *pWhere,          /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
-  int onError            /* How to handle constraint errors */
-){
-  int i, j;              /* Loop counters */
-  Table *pTab;           /* The table to be updated */
-  int addr = 0;          /* VDBE instruction address of the start of the loop */
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo;     /* Information about the WHERE clause */
-  Vdbe *v;               /* The virtual database engine */
-  Index *pIdx;           /* For looping over indices */
-  int nIdx;              /* Number of indices that need updating */
-  int iCur;              /* VDBE Cursor number of pTab */
-  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database structure */
-  int *aRegIdx = 0;      /* One register assigned to each index to be updated */
-  int *aXRef = 0;        /* aXRef[i] is the index in pChanges->a[] of the
-                         ** an expression for the i-th column of the table.
-                         ** aXRef[i]==-1 if the i-th column is not changed. */
-  int chngRowid;         /* True if the record number is being changed */
-  Expr *pRowidExpr = 0;  /* Expression defining the new record number */
-  int openAll = 0;       /* True if all indices need to be opened */
-  AuthContext sContext;  /* The authorization context */
-  NameContext sNC;       /* The name-context to resolve expressions in */
-  int iDb;               /* Database containing the table being updated */
-  int okOnePass;         /* True for one-pass algorithm without the FIFO */
-  int hasFK;             /* True if foreign key processing is required */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  int isView;            /* True when updating a view (INSTEAD OF trigger) */
-  Trigger *pTrigger;     /* List of triggers on pTab, if required */
-  int tmask;             /* Mask of TRIGGER_BEFORE|TRIGGER_AFTER */
-#endif
-  int newmask;           /* Mask of NEW.* columns accessed by BEFORE triggers */
-
-  /* Register Allocations */
-  int regRowCount = 0;   /* A count of rows changed */
-  int regOldRowid;       /* The old rowid */
-  int regNewRowid;       /* The new rowid */
-  int regNew;
-  int regOld = 0;
-  int regRowSet = 0;     /* Rowset of rows to be updated */
-  int regRec;            /* Register used for new table record to insert */
-
-  memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
-  db = pParse->db;
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto update_cleanup;
-  }
-  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
-
-  /* Locate the table which we want to update. 
-  */
-  pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTabList);
-  if( pTab==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-
-  /* Figure out if we have any triggers and if the table being
-  ** updated is a view.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, &tmask);
-  isView = pTab->pSelect!=0;
-  assert( pTrigger || tmask==0 );
-#else
-# define pTrigger 0
-# define isView 0
-# define tmask 0
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-# undef isView
-# define isView 0
-#endif
-
-  if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
-    goto update_cleanup;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3IsReadOnly(pParse, pTab, tmask) ){
-    goto update_cleanup;
-  }
-  aXRef = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(int) * pTab->nCol );
-  if( aXRef==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
-  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++) aXRef[i] = -1;
-
-  /* Allocate a cursors for the main database table and for all indices.
-  ** The index cursors might not be used, but if they are used they
-  ** need to occur right after the database cursor.  So go ahead and
-  ** allocate enough space, just in case.
-  */
-  pTabList->a[0].iCursor = iCur = pParse->nTab++;
-  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-    pParse->nTab++;
-  }
-
-  /* Initialize the name-context */
-  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
-  sNC.pParse = pParse;
-  sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
-
-  /* Resolve the column names in all the expressions of the
-  ** of the UPDATE statement.  Also find the column index
-  ** for each column to be updated in the pChanges array.  For each
-  ** column to be updated, make sure we have authorization to change
-  ** that column.
-  */
-  chngRowid = 0;
-  for(i=0; i<pChanges->nExpr; i++){
-    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pChanges->a[i].pExpr) ){
-      goto update_cleanup;
-    }
-    for(j=0; j<pTab->nCol; j++){
-      if( sqlite3StrICmp(pTab->aCol[j].zName, pChanges->a[i].zName)==0 ){
-        if( j==pTab->iPKey ){
-          chngRowid = 1;
-          pRowidExpr = pChanges->a[i].pExpr;
-        }
-        aXRef[j] = i;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if( j>=pTab->nCol ){
-      if( sqlite3IsRowid(pChanges->a[i].zName) ){
-        chngRowid = 1;
-        pRowidExpr = pChanges->a[i].pExpr;
-      }else{
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such column: %s", pChanges->a[i].zName);
-        goto update_cleanup;
-      }
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-    {
-      int rc;
-      rc = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_UPDATE, pTab->zName,
-                           pTab->aCol[j].zName, db->aDb[iDb].zName);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_DENY ){
-        goto update_cleanup;
-      }else if( rc==SQLITE_IGNORE ){
-        aXRef[j] = -1;
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-
-  hasFK = sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, aXRef, chngRowid);
-
-  /* Allocate memory for the array aRegIdx[].  There is one entry in the
-  ** array for each index associated with table being updated.  Fill in
-  ** the value with a register number for indices that are to be used
-  ** and with zero for unused indices.
-  */
-  for(nIdx=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, nIdx++){}
-  if( nIdx>0 ){
-    aRegIdx = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(Index*) * nIdx );
-    if( aRegIdx==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
-  }
-  for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
-    int reg;
-    if( chngRowid ){
-      reg = ++pParse->nMem;
-    }else{
-      reg = 0;
-      for(i=0; i<pIdx->nColumn; i++){
-        if( aXRef[pIdx->aiColumn[i]]>=0 ){
-          reg = ++pParse->nMem;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    aRegIdx[j] = reg;
-  }
-
-  /* Begin generating code. */
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
-  if( pParse->nested==0 ) sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(v);
-  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  /* Virtual tables must be handled separately */
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-    updateVirtualTable(pParse, pTabList, pTab, pChanges, pRowidExpr, aXRef,
-                       pWhere);
-    pWhere = 0;
-    pTabList = 0;
-    goto update_cleanup;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Allocate required registers. */
-  regOldRowid = regNewRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
-  if( pTrigger || hasFK ){
-    regOld = pParse->nMem + 1;
-    pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol;
-  }
-  if( chngRowid || pTrigger || hasFK ){
-    regNewRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
-  }
-  regNew = pParse->nMem + 1;
-  pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol;
-  regRec = ++pParse->nMem;
-
-  /* Start the view context. */
-  if( isView ){
-    sqlite3AuthContextPush(pParse, &sContext, pTab->zName);
-  }
-
-  /* If we are trying to update a view, realize that view into
-  ** a ephemeral table.
-  */
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-  if( isView ){
-    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, pWhere, iCur);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Resolve the column names in all the expressions in the
-  ** WHERE clause.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhere) ){
-    goto update_cleanup;
-  }
-
-  /* Begin the database scan
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regOldRowid);
-  pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere,0, WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED);
-  if( pWInfo==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
-  okOnePass = pWInfo->okOnePass;
-
-  /* Remember the rowid of every item to be updated.
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, regOldRowid);
-  if( !okOnePass ){
-    regRowSet = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, regRowSet, regOldRowid);
-  }
-
-  /* End the database scan loop.
-  */
-  sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
-
-  /* Initialize the count of updated rows
-  */
-  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows) && !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
-    regRowCount = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regRowCount);
-  }
-
-  if( !isView ){
-    /* 
-    ** Open every index that needs updating.  Note that if any
-    ** index could potentially invoke a REPLACE conflict resolution 
-    ** action, then we need to open all indices because we might need
-    ** to be deleting some records.
-    */
-    if( !okOnePass ) sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iCur, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenWrite); 
-    if( onError==OE_Replace ){
-      openAll = 1;
-    }else{
-      openAll = 0;
-      for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-        if( pIdx->onError==OE_Replace ){
-          openAll = 1;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    for(i=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
-      if( openAll || aRegIdx[i]>0 ){
-        KeyInfo *pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenWrite, iCur+i+1, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
-                       (char*)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-        assert( pParse->nTab>iCur+i+1 );
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Top of the update loop */
-  if( okOnePass ){
-    int a1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, regOldRowid);
-    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, a1);
-  }else{
-    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowSetRead, regRowSet, 0, regOldRowid);
-  }
-
-  /* Make cursor iCur point to the record that is being updated. If
-  ** this record does not exist for some reason (deleted by a trigger,
-  ** for example, then jump to the next iteration of the RowSet loop.  */
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, addr, regOldRowid);
-
-  /* If the record number will change, set register regNewRowid to
-  ** contain the new value. If the record number is not being modified,
-  ** then regNewRowid is the same register as regOldRowid, which is
-  ** already populated.  */
-  assert( chngRowid || pTrigger || hasFK || regOldRowid==regNewRowid );
-  if( chngRowid ){
-    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowidExpr, regNewRowid);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, regNewRowid);
-  }
-
-  /* If there are triggers on this table, populate an array of registers 
-  ** with the required old.* column data.  */
-  if( hasFK || pTrigger ){
-    u32 oldmask = (hasFK ? sqlite3FkOldmask(pParse, pTab) : 0);
-    oldmask |= sqlite3TriggerColmask(pParse, 
-        pTrigger, pChanges, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE|TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, onError
-    );
-    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-      if( aXRef[i]<0 || oldmask==0xffffffff || (oldmask & (1<<i)) ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, i, regOld+i);
-        sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, i, regOld+i);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regOld+i);
-      }
-    }
-    if( chngRowid==0 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regOldRowid, regNewRowid);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Populate the array of registers beginning at regNew with the new
-  ** row data. This array is used to check constaints, create the new
-  ** table and index records, and as the values for any new.* references
-  ** made by triggers.
-  **
-  ** If there are one or more BEFORE triggers, then do not populate the
-  ** registers associated with columns that are (a) not modified by
-  ** this UPDATE statement and (b) not accessed by new.* references. The
-  ** values for registers not modified by the UPDATE must be reloaded from 
-  ** the database after the BEFORE triggers are fired anyway (as the trigger 
-  ** may have modified them). So not loading those that are not going to
-  ** be used eliminates some redundant opcodes.
-  */
-  newmask = sqlite3TriggerColmask(
-      pParse, pTrigger, pChanges, 1, TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, onError
-  );
-  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regNew+i);
-    }else{
-      j = aXRef[i];
-      if( j>=0 ){
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[j].pExpr, regNew+i);
-      }else if( 0==(tmask&TRIGGER_BEFORE) || i>31 || (newmask&(1<<i)) ){
-        /* This branch loads the value of a column that will not be changed 
-        ** into a register. This is done if there are no BEFORE triggers, or
-        ** if there are one or more BEFORE triggers that use this value via
-        ** a new.* reference in a trigger program.
-        */
-        testcase( i==31 );
-        testcase( i==32 );
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, i, regNew+i);
-        sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, i, regNew+i);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Fire any BEFORE UPDATE triggers. This happens before constraints are
-  ** verified. One could argue that this is wrong.
-  */
-  if( tmask&TRIGGER_BEFORE ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, regNew, pTab->nCol);
-    sqlite3TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);
-    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, 
-        TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, regOldRowid, onError, addr);
-
-    /* The row-trigger may have deleted the row being updated. In this
-    ** case, jump to the next row. No updates or AFTER triggers are 
-    ** required. This behaviour - what happens when the row being updated
-    ** is deleted or renamed by a BEFORE trigger - is left undefined in the
-    ** documentation.
-    */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, addr, regOldRowid);
-
-    /* If it did not delete it, the row-trigger may still have modified 
-    ** some of the columns of the row being updated. Load the values for 
-    ** all columns not modified by the update statement into their 
-    ** registers in case this has happened.
-    */
-    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-      if( aXRef[i]<0 && i!=pTab->iPKey ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, i, regNew+i);
-        sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, i, regNew+i);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( !isView ){
-    int j1;                       /* Address of jump instruction */
-
-    /* Do constraint checks. */
-    sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(pParse, pTab, iCur, regNewRowid,
-        aRegIdx, (chngRowid?regOldRowid:0), 1, onError, addr, 0);
-
-    /* Do FK constraint checks. */
-    if( hasFK ){
-      sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, regOldRowid, 0);
-    }
-
-    /* Delete the index entries associated with the current record.  */
-    j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, 0, regOldRowid);
-    sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, aRegIdx);
-  
-    /* If changing the record number, delete the old record.  */
-    if( hasFK || chngRowid ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iCur, 0);
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
-
-    if( hasFK ){
-      sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, 0, regNewRowid);
-    }
-  
-    /* Insert the new index entries and the new record. */
-    sqlite3CompleteInsertion(pParse, pTab, iCur, regNewRowid, aRegIdx, 1, 0, 0);
-
-    /* Do any ON CASCADE, SET NULL or SET DEFAULT operations required to
-    ** handle rows (possibly in other tables) that refer via a foreign key
-    ** to the row just updated. */ 
-    if( hasFK ){
-      sqlite3FkActions(pParse, pTab, pChanges, regOldRowid);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Increment the row counter 
-  */
-  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows) && !pParse->pTriggerTab){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regRowCount, 1);
-  }
-
-  sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, 
-      TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, regOldRowid, onError, addr);
-
-  /* Repeat the above with the next record to be updated, until
-  ** all record selected by the WHERE clause have been updated.
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr);
-  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-
-  /* Close all tables */
-  for(i=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
-    if( openAll || aRegIdx[i]>0 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iCur+i+1, 0);
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iCur, 0);
-
-  /* Update the sqlite_sequence table by storing the content of the
-  ** maximum rowid counter values recorded while inserting into
-  ** autoincrement tables.
-  */
-  if( pParse->nested==0 && pParse->pTriggerTab==0 ){
-    sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
-  }
-
-  /*
-  ** Return the number of rows that were changed. If this routine is 
-  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
-  ** invoke the callback function.
-  */
-  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_CountRows) && !pParse->pTriggerTab && !pParse->nested ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regRowCount, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
-    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows updated", SQLITE_STATIC);
-  }
-
-update_cleanup:
-  sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, aRegIdx);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, aXRef);
-  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pChanges);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
-  return;
-}
-/* Make sure "isView" and other macros defined above are undefined. Otherwise
-** thely may interfere with compilation of other functions in this file
-** (or in another file, if this file becomes part of the amalgamation).  */
-#ifdef isView
- #undef isView
-#endif
-#ifdef pTrigger
- #undef pTrigger
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/*
-** Generate code for an UPDATE of a virtual table.
-**
-** The strategy is that we create an ephemerial table that contains
-** for each row to be changed:
-**
-**   (A)  The original rowid of that row.
-**   (B)  The revised rowid for the row. (note1)
-**   (C)  The content of every column in the row.
-**
-** Then we loop over this ephemeral table and for each row in
-** the ephermeral table call VUpdate.
-**
-** When finished, drop the ephemeral table.
-**
-** (note1) Actually, if we know in advance that (A) is always the same
-** as (B) we only store (A), then duplicate (A) when pulling
-** it out of the ephemeral table before calling VUpdate.
-*/
-static void updateVirtualTable(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* The parsing context */
-  SrcList *pSrc,       /* The virtual table to be modified */
-  Table *pTab,         /* The virtual table */
-  ExprList *pChanges,  /* The columns to change in the UPDATE statement */
-  Expr *pRowid,        /* Expression used to recompute the rowid */
-  int *aXRef,          /* Mapping from columns of pTab to entries in pChanges */
-  Expr *pWhere         /* WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement */
-){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;  /* Virtual machine under construction */
-  ExprList *pEList = 0;     /* The result set of the SELECT statement */
-  Select *pSelect = 0;      /* The SELECT statement */
-  Expr *pExpr;              /* Temporary expression */
-  int ephemTab;             /* Table holding the result of the SELECT */
-  int i;                    /* Loop counter */
-  int addr;                 /* Address of top of loop */
-  int iReg;                 /* First register in set passed to OP_VUpdate */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db; /* Database connection */
-  const char *pVTab = (const char*)sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab);
-  SelectDest dest;
-
-  /* Construct the SELECT statement that will find the new values for
-  ** all updated rows. 
-  */
-  pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, "_rowid_"));
-  if( pRowid ){
-    pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pEList,
-                                   sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRowid, 0));
-  }
-  assert( pTab->iPKey<0 );
-  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-    if( aXRef[i]>=0 ){
-      pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pChanges->a[aXRef[i]].pExpr, 0);
-    }else{
-      pExpr = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, pTab->aCol[i].zName);
-    }
-    pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pEList, pExpr);
-  }
-  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, pEList, pSrc, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-  
-  /* Create the ephemeral table into which the update results will
-  ** be stored.
-  */
-  assert( v );
-  ephemTab = pParse->nTab++;
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, ephemTab, pTab->nCol+1+(pRowid!=0));
-
-  /* fill the ephemeral table 
-  */
-  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Table, ephemTab);
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
-
-  /* Generate code to scan the ephemeral table and call VUpdate. */
-  iReg = ++pParse->nMem;
-  pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol+1;
-  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, ephemTab, 0);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column,  ephemTab, 0, iReg);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, ephemTab, (pRowid?1:0), iReg+1);
-  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, ephemTab, i+1+(pRowid!=0), iReg+2+i);
-  }
-  sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(pParse, pTab);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VUpdate, 0, pTab->nCol+2, iReg, pVTab, P4_VTAB);
-  sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, ephemTab, addr+1);
-  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, ephemTab, 0);
-
-  /* Cleanup */
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);  
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-/************** End of update.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file vacuum.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2003 April 6
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code used to implement the VACUUM command.
-**
-** Most of the code in this file may be omitted by defining the
-** SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM macro.
-*/
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH)
-/*
-** Finalize a prepared statement.  If there was an error, store the
-** text of the error message in *pzErrMsg.  Return the result code.
-*/
-static int vacuumFinalize(sqlite3 *db, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, char **pzErrMsg){
-  int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeFinalize((Vdbe*)pStmt);
-  if( rc ){
-    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Execute zSql on database db. Return an error code.
-*/
-static int execSql(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrMsg, const char *zSql){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  VVA_ONLY( int rc; )
-  if( !zSql ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3_prepare(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0) ){
-    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-    return sqlite3_errcode(db);
-  }
-  VVA_ONLY( rc = ) sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-  assert( rc!=SQLITE_ROW );
-  return vacuumFinalize(db, pStmt, pzErrMsg);
-}
-
-/*
-** Execute zSql on database db. The statement returns exactly
-** one column. Execute this as SQL on the same database.
-*/
-static int execExecSql(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrMsg, const char *zSql){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  int rc;
-
-  rc = sqlite3_prepare(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-
-  while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-    rc = execSql(db, pzErrMsg, (char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0));
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      vacuumFinalize(db, pStmt, pzErrMsg);
-      return rc;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return vacuumFinalize(db, pStmt, pzErrMsg);
-}
-
-/*
-** The non-standard VACUUM command is used to clean up the database,
-** collapse free space, etc.  It is modelled after the VACUUM command
-** in PostgreSQL.
-**
-** In version 1.0.x of SQLite, the VACUUM command would call
-** gdbm_reorganize() on all the database tables.  But beginning
-** with 2.0.0, SQLite no longer uses GDBM so this command has
-** become a no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse *pParse){
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Vacuum, 0, 0);
-  }
-  return;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine implements the OP_Vacuum opcode of the VDBE.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char **pzErrMsg, sqlite3 *db){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;     /* Return code from service routines */
-  Btree *pMain;           /* The database being vacuumed */
-  Btree *pTemp;           /* The temporary database we vacuum into */
-  char *zSql = 0;         /* SQL statements */
-  int saved_flags;        /* Saved value of the db->flags */
-  int saved_nChange;      /* Saved value of db->nChange */
-  int saved_nTotalChange; /* Saved value of db->nTotalChange */
-  void (*saved_xTrace)(void*,const char*);  /* Saved db->xTrace */
-  Db *pDb = 0;            /* Database to detach at end of vacuum */
-  int isMemDb;            /* True if vacuuming a :memory: database */
-  int nRes;
-
-  if( !db->autoCommit ){
-    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "cannot VACUUM from within a transaction");
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  /* Save the current value of the database flags so that it can be 
-  ** restored before returning. Then set the writable-schema flag, and
-  ** disable CHECK and foreign key constraints.  */
-  saved_flags = db->flags;
-  saved_nChange = db->nChange;
-  saved_nTotalChange = db->nTotalChange;
-  saved_xTrace = db->xTrace;
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_WriteSchema | SQLITE_IgnoreChecks;
-  db->flags &= ~(SQLITE_ForeignKeys | SQLITE_ReverseOrder);
-  db->xTrace = 0;
-
-  pMain = db->aDb[0].pBt;
-  isMemDb = sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(sqlite3BtreePager(pMain));
-
-  /* Attach the temporary database as 'vacuum_db'. The synchronous pragma
-  ** can be set to 'off' for this file, as it is not recovered if a crash
-  ** occurs anyway. The integrity of the database is maintained by a
-  ** (possibly synchronous) transaction opened on the main database before
-  ** sqlite3BtreeCopyFile() is called.
-  **
-  ** An optimisation would be to use a non-journaled pager.
-  ** (Later:) I tried setting "PRAGMA vacuum_db.journal_mode=OFF" but
-  ** that actually made the VACUUM run slower.  Very little journalling
-  ** actually occurs when doing a vacuum since the vacuum_db is initially
-  ** empty.  Only the journal header is written.  Apparently it takes more
-  ** time to parse and run the PRAGMA to turn journalling off than it does
-  ** to write the journal header file.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3TempInMemory(db) ){
-    zSql = "ATTACH ':memory:' AS vacuum_db;";
-  }else{
-    zSql = "ATTACH '' AS vacuum_db;";
-  }
-  rc = execSql(db, pzErrMsg, zSql);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-  pDb = &db->aDb[db->nDb-1];
-  assert( strcmp(db->aDb[db->nDb-1].zName,"vacuum_db")==0 );
-  pTemp = db->aDb[db->nDb-1].pBt;
-
-  /* The call to execSql() to attach the temp database has left the file
-  ** locked (as there was more than one active statement when the transaction
-  ** to read the schema was concluded. Unlock it here so that this doesn't
-  ** cause problems for the call to BtreeSetPageSize() below.  */
-  sqlite3BtreeCommit(pTemp);
-
-  nRes = sqlite3BtreeGetReserve(pMain);
-
-  /* A VACUUM cannot change the pagesize of an encrypted database. */
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  if( db->nextPagesize ){
-    extern void sqlite3CodecGetKey(sqlite3*, int, void**, int*);
-    int nKey;
-    char *zKey;
-    sqlite3CodecGetKey(db, 0, (void**)&zKey, &nKey);
-    if( nKey ) db->nextPagesize = 0;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if( sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pTemp, sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pMain), nRes, 0)
-   || (!isMemDb && sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pTemp, db->nextPagesize, nRes, 0))
-   || NEVER(db->mallocFailed)
-  ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    goto end_of_vacuum;
-  }
-  rc = execSql(db, pzErrMsg, "PRAGMA vacuum_db.synchronous=OFF");
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    goto end_of_vacuum;
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(pTemp, db->nextAutovac>=0 ? db->nextAutovac :
-                                           sqlite3BtreeGetAutoVacuum(pMain));
-#endif
-
-  /* Begin a transaction */
-  rc = execSql(db, pzErrMsg, "BEGIN EXCLUSIVE;");
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-
-  /* Query the schema of the main database. Create a mirror schema
-  ** in the temporary database.
-  */
-  rc = execExecSql(db, pzErrMsg,
-      "SELECT 'CREATE TABLE vacuum_db.' || substr(sql,14) "
-      "  FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name!='sqlite_sequence'"
-      "   AND rootpage>0"
-  );
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-  rc = execExecSql(db, pzErrMsg,
-      "SELECT 'CREATE INDEX vacuum_db.' || substr(sql,14)"
-      "  FROM sqlite_master WHERE sql LIKE 'CREATE INDEX %' ");
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-  rc = execExecSql(db, pzErrMsg,
-      "SELECT 'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX vacuum_db.' || substr(sql,21) "
-      "  FROM sqlite_master WHERE sql LIKE 'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX %'");
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-
-  /* Loop through the tables in the main database. For each, do
-  ** an "INSERT INTO vacuum_db.xxx SELECT * FROM main.xxx;" to copy
-  ** the contents to the temporary database.
-  */
-  rc = execExecSql(db, pzErrMsg,
-      "SELECT 'INSERT INTO vacuum_db.' || quote(name) "
-      "|| ' SELECT * FROM main.' || quote(name) || ';'"
-      "FROM main.sqlite_master "
-      "WHERE type = 'table' AND name!='sqlite_sequence' "
-      "  AND rootpage>0"
-  );
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-
-  /* Copy over the sequence table
-  */
-  rc = execExecSql(db, pzErrMsg,
-      "SELECT 'DELETE FROM vacuum_db.' || quote(name) || ';' "
-      "FROM vacuum_db.sqlite_master WHERE name='sqlite_sequence' "
-  );
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-  rc = execExecSql(db, pzErrMsg,
-      "SELECT 'INSERT INTO vacuum_db.' || quote(name) "
-      "|| ' SELECT * FROM main.' || quote(name) || ';' "
-      "FROM vacuum_db.sqlite_master WHERE name=='sqlite_sequence';"
-  );
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-
-
-  /* Copy the triggers, views, and virtual tables from the main database
-  ** over to the temporary database.  None of these objects has any
-  ** associated storage, so all we have to do is copy their entries
-  ** from the SQLITE_MASTER table.
-  */
-  rc = execSql(db, pzErrMsg,
-      "INSERT INTO vacuum_db.sqlite_master "
-      "  SELECT type, name, tbl_name, rootpage, sql"
-      "    FROM main.sqlite_master"
-      "   WHERE type='view' OR type='trigger'"
-      "      OR (type='table' AND rootpage=0)"
-  );
-  if( rc ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-
-  /* At this point, unless the main db was completely empty, there is now a
-  ** transaction open on the vacuum database, but not on the main database.
-  ** Open a btree level transaction on the main database. This allows a
-  ** call to sqlite3BtreeCopyFile(). The main database btree level
-  ** transaction is then committed, so the SQL level never knows it was
-  ** opened for writing. This way, the SQL transaction used to create the
-  ** temporary database never needs to be committed.
-  */
-  {
-    u32 meta;
-    int i;
-
-    /* This array determines which meta meta values are preserved in the
-    ** vacuum.  Even entries are the meta value number and odd entries
-    ** are an increment to apply to the meta value after the vacuum.
-    ** The increment is used to increase the schema cookie so that other
-    ** connections to the same database will know to reread the schema.
-    */
-    static const unsigned char aCopy[] = {
-       BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION,     1,  /* Add one to the old schema cookie */
-       BTREE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE, 0,  /* Preserve the default page cache size */
-       BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING,      0,  /* Preserve the text encoding */
-       BTREE_USER_VERSION,       0,  /* Preserve the user version */
-    };
-
-    assert( 1==sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pTemp) );
-    assert( 1==sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pMain) );
-
-    /* Copy Btree meta values */
-    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCopy); i+=2){
-      /* GetMeta() and UpdateMeta() cannot fail in this context because
-      ** we already have page 1 loaded into cache and marked dirty. */
-      sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(pMain, aCopy[i], &meta);
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(pTemp, aCopy[i], meta+aCopy[i+1]);
-      if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-    }
-
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeCopyFile(pMain, pTemp);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeCommit(pTemp);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(pMain, sqlite3BtreeGetAutoVacuum(pTemp));
-#endif
-  }
-
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pMain, sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pTemp), nRes,1);
-
-end_of_vacuum:
-  /* Restore the original value of db->flags */
-  db->flags = saved_flags;
-  db->nChange = saved_nChange;
-  db->nTotalChange = saved_nTotalChange;
-  db->xTrace = saved_xTrace;
-
-  /* Currently there is an SQL level transaction open on the vacuum
-  ** database. No locks are held on any other files (since the main file
-  ** was committed at the btree level). So it safe to end the transaction
-  ** by manually setting the autoCommit flag to true and detaching the
-  ** vacuum database. The vacuum_db journal file is deleted when the pager
-  ** is closed by the DETACH.
-  */
-  db->autoCommit = 1;
-
-  if( pDb ){
-    sqlite3BtreeClose(pDb->pBt);
-    pDb->pBt = 0;
-    pDb->pSchema = 0;
-  }
-
-  sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif  /* SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM && SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH */
-
-/************** End of vacuum.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file vtab.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2006 June 10
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code used to help implement virtual tables.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-
-/*
-** The actual function that does the work of creating a new module.
-** This function implements the sqlite3_create_module() and
-** sqlite3_create_module_v2() interfaces.
-*/
-static int createModule(
-  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database in which module is registered */
-  const char *zName,              /* Name assigned to this module */
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule,  /* The definition of the module */
-  void *pAux,                     /* Context pointer for xCreate/xConnect */
-  void (*xDestroy)(void *)        /* Module destructor function */
-){
-  int rc, nName;
-  Module *pMod;
-
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-  pMod = (Module *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(Module) + nName + 1);
-  if( pMod ){
-    Module *pDel;
-    char *zCopy = (char *)(&pMod[1]);
-    memcpy(zCopy, zName, nName+1);
-    pMod->zName = zCopy;
-    pMod->pModule = pModule;
-    pMod->pAux = pAux;
-    pMod->xDestroy = xDestroy;
-    pDel = (Module *)sqlite3HashInsert(&db->aModule, zCopy, nName, (void*)pMod);
-    if( pDel && pDel->xDestroy ){
-      pDel->xDestroy(pDel->pAux);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pDel);
-    if( pDel==pMod ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-    }
-    sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-  }else if( xDestroy ){
-    xDestroy(pAux);
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, SQLITE_OK);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** External API function used to create a new virtual-table module.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
-  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database in which module is registered */
-  const char *zName,              /* Name assigned to this module */
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule,  /* The definition of the module */
-  void *pAux                      /* Context pointer for xCreate/xConnect */
-){
-  return createModule(db, zName, pModule, pAux, 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** External API function used to create a new virtual-table module.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database in which module is registered */
-  const char *zName,              /* Name assigned to this module */
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule,  /* The definition of the module */
-  void *pAux,                     /* Context pointer for xCreate/xConnect */
-  void (*xDestroy)(void *)        /* Module destructor function */
-){
-  return createModule(db, zName, pModule, pAux, xDestroy);
-}
-
-/*
-** Lock the virtual table so that it cannot be disconnected.
-** Locks nest.  Every lock should have a corresponding unlock.
-** If an unlock is omitted, resources leaks will occur.  
-**
-** If a disconnect is attempted while a virtual table is locked,
-** the disconnect is deferred until all locks have been removed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *pVTab){
-  pVTab->nRef++;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** pTab is a pointer to a Table structure representing a virtual-table.
-** Return a pointer to the VTable object used by connection db to access 
-** this virtual-table, if one has been created, or NULL otherwise.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTab){
-  VTable *pVtab;
-  assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
-  for(pVtab=pTab->pVTable; pVtab && pVtab->db!=db; pVtab=pVtab->pNext);
-  return pVtab;
-}
-
-/*
-** Decrement the ref-count on a virtual table object. When the ref-count
-** reaches zero, call the xDisconnect() method to delete the object.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *pVTab){
-  sqlite3 *db = pVTab->db;
-
-  assert( db );
-  assert( pVTab->nRef>0 );
-  assert( sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) );
-
-  pVTab->nRef--;
-  if( pVTab->nRef==0 ){
-    sqlite3_vtab *p = pVTab->pVtab;
-    if( p ){
-      p->pModule->xDisconnect(p);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pVTab);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Table p is a virtual table. This function moves all elements in the
-** p->pVTable list to the sqlite3.pDisconnect lists of their associated
-** database connections to be disconnected at the next opportunity. 
-** Except, if argument db is not NULL, then the entry associated with
-** connection db is left in the p->pVTable list.
-*/
-static VTable *vtabDisconnectAll(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
-  VTable *pRet = 0;
-  VTable *pVTable = p->pVTable;
-  p->pVTable = 0;
-
-  /* Assert that the mutex (if any) associated with the BtShared database 
-  ** that contains table p is held by the caller. See header comments 
-  ** above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an explanation of why
-  ** this makes it safe to access the sqlite3.pDisconnect list of any
-  ** database connection that may have an entry in the p->pVTable list.  */
-  assert( db==0 ||
-    sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, p->pSchema)].pBt) 
-  );
-
-  while( pVTable ){
-    sqlite3 *db2 = pVTable->db;
-    VTable *pNext = pVTable->pNext;
-    assert( db2 );
-    if( db2==db ){
-      pRet = pVTable;
-      p->pVTable = pRet;
-      pRet->pNext = 0;
-    }else{
-      pVTable->pNext = db2->pDisconnect;
-      db2->pDisconnect = pVTable;
-    }
-    pVTable = pNext;
-  }
-
-  assert( !db || pRet );
-  return pRet;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Disconnect all the virtual table objects in the sqlite3.pDisconnect list.
-**
-** This function may only be called when the mutexes associated with all
-** shared b-tree databases opened using connection db are held by the 
-** caller. This is done to protect the sqlite3.pDisconnect list. The
-** sqlite3.pDisconnect list is accessed only as follows:
-**
-**   1) By this function. In this case, all BtShared mutexes and the mutex
-**      associated with the database handle itself must be held.
-**
-**   2) By function vtabDisconnectAll(), when it adds a VTable entry to
-**      the sqlite3.pDisconnect list. In this case either the BtShared mutex
-**      associated with the database the virtual table is stored in is held
-**      or, if the virtual table is stored in a non-sharable database, then
-**      the database handle mutex is held.
-**
-** As a result, a sqlite3.pDisconnect cannot be accessed simultaneously 
-** by multiple threads. It is thread-safe.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3 *db){
-  VTable *p = db->pDisconnect;
-  db->pDisconnect = 0;
-
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-
-  if( p ){
-    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-    do {
-      VTable *pNext = p->pNext;
-      sqlite3VtabUnlock(p);
-      p = pNext;
-    }while( p );
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Clear any and all virtual-table information from the Table record.
-** This routine is called, for example, just before deleting the Table
-** record.
-**
-** Since it is a virtual-table, the Table structure contains a pointer
-** to the head of a linked list of VTable structures. Each VTable 
-** structure is associated with a single sqlite3* user of the schema.
-** The reference count of the VTable structure associated with database 
-** connection db is decremented immediately (which may lead to the 
-** structure being xDisconnected and free). Any other VTable structures
-** in the list are moved to the sqlite3.pDisconnect list of the associated 
-** database connection.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabClear(Table *p){
-  vtabDisconnectAll(0, p);
-  if( p->azModuleArg ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<p->nModuleArg; i++){
-      sqlite3DbFree(p->dbMem, p->azModuleArg[i]);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(p->dbMem, p->azModuleArg);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Add a new module argument to pTable->azModuleArg[].
-** The string is not copied - the pointer is stored.  The
-** string will be freed automatically when the table is
-** deleted.
-*/
-static void addModuleArgument(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable, char *zArg){
-  int i = pTable->nModuleArg++;
-  int nBytes = sizeof(char *)*(1+pTable->nModuleArg);
-  char **azModuleArg;
-  azModuleArg = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pTable->azModuleArg, nBytes);
-  if( azModuleArg==0 ){
-    int j;
-    for(j=0; j<i; j++){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->azModuleArg[j]);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zArg);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->azModuleArg);
-    pTable->nModuleArg = 0;
-  }else{
-    azModuleArg[i] = zArg;
-    azModuleArg[i+1] = 0;
-  }
-  pTable->azModuleArg = azModuleArg;
-}
-
-/*
-** The parser calls this routine when it first sees a CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE
-** statement.  The module name has been parsed, but the optional list
-** of parameters that follow the module name are still pending.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
-  Token *pName1,        /* Name of new table, or database name */
-  Token *pName2,        /* Name of new table or NULL */
-  Token *pModuleName    /* Name of the module for the virtual table */
-){
-  int iDb;              /* The database the table is being created in */
-  Table *pTable;        /* The new virtual table */
-  sqlite3 *db;          /* Database connection */
-
-  sqlite3StartTable(pParse, pName1, pName2, 0, 0, 1, 0);
-  pTable = pParse->pNewTable;
-  if( pTable==0 ) return;
-  assert( 0==pTable->pIndex );
-
-  db = pParse->db;
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTable->pSchema);
-  assert( iDb>=0 );
-
-  pTable->tabFlags |= TF_Virtual;
-  pTable->nModuleArg = 0;
-  addModuleArgument(db, pTable, sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pModuleName));
-  addModuleArgument(db, pTable, sqlite3DbStrDup(db, db->aDb[iDb].zName));
-  addModuleArgument(db, pTable, sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTable->zName));
-  pParse->sNameToken.n = (int)(&pModuleName->z[pModuleName->n] - pName1->z);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  /* Creating a virtual table invokes the authorization callback twice.
-  ** The first invocation, to obtain permission to INSERT a row into the
-  ** sqlite_master table, has already been made by sqlite3StartTable().
-  ** The second call, to obtain permission to create the table, is made now.
-  */
-  if( pTable->azModuleArg ){
-    sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE, pTable->zName, 
-            pTable->azModuleArg[0], pParse->db->aDb[iDb].zName);
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine takes the module argument that has been accumulating
-** in pParse->zArg[] and appends it to the list of arguments on the
-** virtual table currently under construction in pParse->pTable.
-*/
-static void addArgumentToVtab(Parse *pParse){
-  if( pParse->sArg.z && ALWAYS(pParse->pNewTable) ){
-    const char *z = (const char*)pParse->sArg.z;
-    int n = pParse->sArg.n;
-    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-    addModuleArgument(db, pParse->pNewTable, sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, z, n));
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The parser calls this routine after the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement
-** has been completely parsed.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse *pParse, Token *pEnd){
-  Table *pTab = pParse->pNewTable;  /* The table being constructed */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;         /* The database connection */
-
-  if( pTab==0 ) return;
-  addArgumentToVtab(pParse);
-  pParse->sArg.z = 0;
-  if( pTab->nModuleArg<1 ) return;
-  
-  /* If the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement is being entered for the
-  ** first time (in other words if the virtual table is actually being
-  ** created now instead of just being read out of sqlite_master) then
-  ** do additional initialization work and store the statement text
-  ** in the sqlite_master table.
-  */
-  if( !db->init.busy ){
-    char *zStmt;
-    char *zWhere;
-    int iDb;
-    Vdbe *v;
-
-    /* Compute the complete text of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement */
-    if( pEnd ){
-      pParse->sNameToken.n = (int)(pEnd->z - pParse->sNameToken.z) + pEnd->n;
-    }
-    zStmt = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE %T", &pParse->sNameToken);
-
-    /* A slot for the record has already been allocated in the 
-    ** SQLITE_MASTER table.  We just need to update that slot with all
-    ** the information we've collected.  
-    **
-    ** The VM register number pParse->regRowid holds the rowid of an
-    ** entry in the sqlite_master table tht was created for this vtab
-    ** by sqlite3StartTable().
-    */
-    iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-      "UPDATE %Q.%s "
-         "SET type='table', name=%Q, tbl_name=%Q, rootpage=0, sql=%Q "
-       "WHERE rowid=#%d",
-      db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb),
-      pTab->zName,
-      pTab->zName,
-      zStmt,
-      pParse->regRowid
-    );
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStmt);
-    v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
-
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Expire, 0, 0);
-    zWhere = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name='%q'", pTab->zName);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 1, 0, zWhere, P4_DYNAMIC);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VCreate, iDb, 0, 0, 
-                         pTab->zName, sqlite3Strlen30(pTab->zName) + 1);
-  }
-
-  /* If we are rereading the sqlite_master table create the in-memory
-  ** record of the table. The xConnect() method is not called until
-  ** the first time the virtual table is used in an SQL statement. This
-  ** allows a schema that contains virtual tables to be loaded before
-  ** the required virtual table implementations are registered.  */
-  else {
-    Table *pOld;
-    Schema *pSchema = pTab->pSchema;
-    const char *zName = pTab->zName;
-    int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-    pOld = sqlite3HashInsert(&pSchema->tblHash, zName, nName, pTab);
-    if( pOld ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      assert( pTab==pOld );  /* Malloc must have failed inside HashInsert() */
-      return;
-    }
-    pSchema->db = pParse->db;
-    pParse->pNewTable = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The parser calls this routine when it sees the first token
-** of an argument to the module name in a CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse *pParse){
-  addArgumentToVtab(pParse);
-  pParse->sArg.z = 0;
-  pParse->sArg.n = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** The parser calls this routine for each token after the first token
-** in an argument to the module name in a CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse *pParse, Token *p){
-  Token *pArg = &pParse->sArg;
-  if( pArg->z==0 ){
-    pArg->z = p->z;
-    pArg->n = p->n;
-  }else{
-    assert(pArg->z < p->z);
-    pArg->n = (int)(&p->z[p->n] - pArg->z);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Invoke a virtual table constructor (either xCreate or xConnect). The
-** pointer to the function to invoke is passed as the fourth parameter
-** to this procedure.
-*/
-static int vtabCallConstructor(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  Table *pTab,
-  Module *pMod,
-  int (*xConstruct)(sqlite3*,void*,int,const char*const*,sqlite3_vtab**,char**),
-  char **pzErr
-){
-  VTable *pVTable;
-  int rc;
-  const char *const*azArg = (const char *const*)pTab->azModuleArg;
-  int nArg = pTab->nModuleArg;
-  char *zErr = 0;
-  char *zModuleName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s", pTab->zName);
-
-  if( !zModuleName ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  pVTable = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(VTable));
-  if( !pVTable ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zModuleName);
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  pVTable->db = db;
-  pVTable->pMod = pMod;
-
-  assert( !db->pVTab );
-  assert( xConstruct );
-  db->pVTab = pTab;
-
-  /* Invoke the virtual table constructor */
-  rc = xConstruct(db, pMod->pAux, nArg, azArg, &pVTable->pVtab, &zErr);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ) db->mallocFailed = 1;
-
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ){
-    if( zErr==0 ){
-      *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "vtable constructor failed: %s", zModuleName);
-    }else {
-      *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s", zErr);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pVTable);
-  }else if( ALWAYS(pVTable->pVtab) ){
-    /* Justification of ALWAYS():  A correct vtab constructor must allocate
-    ** the sqlite3_vtab object if successful.  */
-    pVTable->pVtab->pModule = pMod->pModule;
-    pVTable->nRef = 1;
-    if( db->pVTab ){
-      const char *zFormat = "vtable constructor did not declare schema: %s";
-      *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, zFormat, pTab->zName);
-      sqlite3VtabUnlock(pVTable);
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }else{
-      int iCol;
-      /* If everything went according to plan, link the new VTable structure
-      ** into the linked list headed by pTab->pVTable. Then loop through the 
-      ** columns of the table to see if any of them contain the token "hidden".
-      ** If so, set the Column.isHidden flag and remove the token from
-      ** the type string.  */
-      pVTable->pNext = pTab->pVTable;
-      pTab->pVTable = pVTable;
-
-      for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
-        char *zType = pTab->aCol[iCol].zType;
-        int nType;
-        int i = 0;
-        if( !zType ) continue;
-        nType = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);
-        if( sqlite3StrNICmp("hidden", zType, 6)||(zType[6] && zType[6]!=' ') ){
-          for(i=0; i<nType; i++){
-            if( (0==sqlite3StrNICmp(" hidden", &zType[i], 7))
-             && (zType[i+7]=='\0' || zType[i+7]==' ')
-            ){
-              i++;
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        if( i<nType ){
-          int j;
-          int nDel = 6 + (zType[i+6] ? 1 : 0);
-          for(j=i; (j+nDel)<=nType; j++){
-            zType[j] = zType[j+nDel];
-          }
-          if( zType[i]=='\0' && i>0 ){
-            assert(zType[i-1]==' ');
-            zType[i-1] = '\0';
-          }
-          pTab->aCol[iCol].isHidden = 1;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zModuleName);
-  db->pVTab = 0;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is invoked by the parser to call the xConnect() method
-** of the virtual table pTab. If an error occurs, an error code is returned 
-** and an error left in pParse.
-**
-** This call is a no-op if table pTab is not a virtual table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  const char *zMod;
-  Module *pMod;
-  int rc;
-
-  assert( pTab );
-  if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Virtual)==0 || sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab) ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  /* Locate the required virtual table module */
-  zMod = pTab->azModuleArg[0];
-  pMod = (Module*)sqlite3HashFind(&db->aModule, zMod, sqlite3Strlen30(zMod));
-
-  if( !pMod ){
-    const char *zModule = pTab->azModuleArg[0];
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such module: %s", zModule);
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }else{
-    char *zErr = 0;
-    rc = vtabCallConstructor(db, pTab, pMod, pMod->pModule->xConnect, &zErr);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s", zErr);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add the virtual table pVTab to the array sqlite3.aVTrans[].
-*/
-static int addToVTrans(sqlite3 *db, VTable *pVTab){
-  const int ARRAY_INCR = 5;
-
-  /* Grow the sqlite3.aVTrans array if required */
-  if( (db->nVTrans%ARRAY_INCR)==0 ){
-    VTable **aVTrans;
-    int nBytes = sizeof(sqlite3_vtab *) * (db->nVTrans + ARRAY_INCR);
-    aVTrans = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, (void *)db->aVTrans, nBytes);
-    if( !aVTrans ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    memset(&aVTrans[db->nVTrans], 0, sizeof(sqlite3_vtab *)*ARRAY_INCR);
-    db->aVTrans = aVTrans;
-  }
-
-  /* Add pVtab to the end of sqlite3.aVTrans */
-  db->aVTrans[db->nVTrans++] = pVTab;
-  sqlite3VtabLock(pVTab);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is invoked by the vdbe to call the xCreate method
-** of the virtual table named zTab in database iDb. 
-**
-** If an error occurs, *pzErr is set to point an an English language
-** description of the error and an SQLITE_XXX error code is returned.
-** In this case the caller must call sqlite3DbFree(db, ) on *pzErr.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zTab, char **pzErr){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  Table *pTab;
-  Module *pMod;
-  const char *zMod;
-
-  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTab, db->aDb[iDb].zName);
-  assert( pTab && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Virtual)!=0 && !pTab->pVTable );
-
-  /* Locate the required virtual table module */
-  zMod = pTab->azModuleArg[0];
-  pMod = (Module*)sqlite3HashFind(&db->aModule, zMod, sqlite3Strlen30(zMod));
-
-  /* If the module has been registered and includes a Create method, 
-  ** invoke it now. If the module has not been registered, return an 
-  ** error. Otherwise, do nothing.
-  */
-  if( !pMod ){
-    *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "no such module: %s", zMod);
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }else{
-    rc = vtabCallConstructor(db, pTab, pMod, pMod->pModule->xCreate, pzErr);
-  }
-
-  /* Justification of ALWAYS():  The xConstructor method is required to
-  ** create a valid sqlite3_vtab if it returns SQLITE_OK. */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && ALWAYS(sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab)) ){
-      rc = addToVTrans(db, sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab));
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is used to set the schema of a virtual table.  It is only
-** valid to call this function from within the xCreate() or xConnect() of a
-** virtual table module.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3 *db, const char *zCreateTable){
-  Parse *pParse;
-
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  Table *pTab;
-  char *zErr = 0;
-
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  pTab = db->pVTab;
-  if( !pTab ){
-    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_MISUSE, 0);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  assert( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Virtual)!=0 );
-
-  pParse = sqlite3StackAllocZero(db, sizeof(*pParse));
-  if( pParse==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else{
-    pParse->declareVtab = 1;
-    pParse->db = db;
-  
-    if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zCreateTable, &zErr) 
-     && pParse->pNewTable
-     && !db->mallocFailed
-     && !pParse->pNewTable->pSelect
-     && (pParse->pNewTable->tabFlags & TF_Virtual)==0
-    ){
-      if( !pTab->aCol ){
-        pTab->aCol = pParse->pNewTable->aCol;
-        pTab->nCol = pParse->pNewTable->nCol;
-        pParse->pNewTable->nCol = 0;
-        pParse->pNewTable->aCol = 0;
-      }
-      db->pVTab = 0;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_ERROR, zErr);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    pParse->declareVtab = 0;
-  
-    if( pParse->pVdbe ){
-      sqlite3VdbeFinalize(pParse->pVdbe);
-    }
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(pParse->pNewTable);
-    sqlite3StackFree(db, pParse);
-  }
-
-  assert( (rc&0xff)==rc );
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is invoked by the vdbe to call the xDestroy method
-** of the virtual table named zTab in database iDb. This occurs
-** when a DROP TABLE is mentioned.
-**
-** This call is a no-op if zTab is not a virtual table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zTab){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  Table *pTab;
-
-  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTab, db->aDb[iDb].zName);
-  if( ALWAYS(pTab!=0 && pTab->pVTable!=0) ){
-    VTable *p = vtabDisconnectAll(db, pTab);
-
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-    rc = p->pMod->pModule->xDestroy(p->pVtab);
-
-    /* Remove the sqlite3_vtab* from the aVTrans[] array, if applicable */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      assert( pTab->pVTable==p && p->pNext==0 );
-      p->pVtab = 0;
-      pTab->pVTable = 0;
-      sqlite3VtabUnlock(p);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function invokes either the xRollback or xCommit method
-** of each of the virtual tables in the sqlite3.aVTrans array. The method
-** called is identified by the second argument, "offset", which is
-** the offset of the method to call in the sqlite3_module structure.
-**
-** The array is cleared after invoking the callbacks. 
-*/
-static void callFinaliser(sqlite3 *db, int offset){
-  int i;
-  if( db->aVTrans ){
-    for(i=0; i<db->nVTrans; i++){
-      VTable *pVTab = db->aVTrans[i];
-      sqlite3_vtab *p = pVTab->pVtab;
-      if( p ){
-        int (*x)(sqlite3_vtab *);
-        x = *(int (**)(sqlite3_vtab *))((char *)p->pModule + offset);
-        if( x ) x(p);
-      }
-      sqlite3VtabUnlock(pVTab);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, db->aVTrans);
-    db->nVTrans = 0;
-    db->aVTrans = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Invoke the xSync method of all virtual tables in the sqlite3.aVTrans
-** array. Return the error code for the first error that occurs, or
-** SQLITE_OK if all xSync operations are successful.
-**
-** Set *pzErrmsg to point to a buffer that should be released using 
-** sqlite3DbFree() containing an error message, if one is available.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrmsg){
-  int i;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  VTable **aVTrans = db->aVTrans;
-
-  db->aVTrans = 0;
-  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nVTrans; i++){
-    int (*x)(sqlite3_vtab *);
-    sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = aVTrans[i]->pVtab;
-    if( pVtab && (x = pVtab->pModule->xSync)!=0 ){
-      rc = x(pVtab);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, *pzErrmsg);
-      *pzErrmsg = pVtab->zErrMsg;
-      pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  db->aVTrans = aVTrans;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Invoke the xRollback method of all virtual tables in the 
-** sqlite3.aVTrans array. Then clear the array itself.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db){
-  callFinaliser(db, offsetof(sqlite3_module,xRollback));
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Invoke the xCommit method of all virtual tables in the 
-** sqlite3.aVTrans array. Then clear the array itself.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db){
-  callFinaliser(db, offsetof(sqlite3_module,xCommit));
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** If the virtual table pVtab supports the transaction interface
-** (xBegin/xRollback/xCommit and optionally xSync) and a transaction is
-** not currently open, invoke the xBegin method now.
-**
-** If the xBegin call is successful, place the sqlite3_vtab pointer
-** in the sqlite3.aVTrans array.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *db, VTable *pVTab){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-
-  /* Special case: If db->aVTrans is NULL and db->nVTrans is greater
-  ** than zero, then this function is being called from within a
-  ** virtual module xSync() callback. It is illegal to write to 
-  ** virtual module tables in this case, so return SQLITE_LOCKED.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ){
-    return SQLITE_LOCKED;
-  }
-  if( !pVTab ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  } 
-  pModule = pVTab->pVtab->pModule;
-
-  if( pModule->xBegin ){
-    int i;
-
-
-    /* If pVtab is already in the aVTrans array, return early */
-    for(i=0; i<db->nVTrans; i++){
-      if( db->aVTrans[i]==pVTab ){
-        return SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Invoke the xBegin method */
-    rc = pModule->xBegin(pVTab->pVtab);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = addToVTrans(db, pVTab);
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The first parameter (pDef) is a function implementation.  The
-** second parameter (pExpr) is the first argument to this function.
-** If pExpr is a column in a virtual table, then let the virtual
-** table implementation have an opportunity to overload the function.
-**
-** This routine is used to allow virtual table implementations to
-** overload MATCH, LIKE, GLOB, and REGEXP operators.
-**
-** Return either the pDef argument (indicating no change) or a 
-** new FuncDef structure that is marked as ephemeral using the
-** SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM flag.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(
-  sqlite3 *db,    /* Database connection for reporting malloc problems */
-  FuncDef *pDef,  /* Function to possibly overload */
-  int nArg,       /* Number of arguments to the function */
-  Expr *pExpr     /* First argument to the function */
-){
-  Table *pTab;
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  sqlite3_module *pMod;
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**) = 0;
-  void *pArg = 0;
-  FuncDef *pNew;
-  int rc = 0;
-  char *zLowerName;
-  unsigned char *z;
-
-
-  /* Check to see the left operand is a column in a virtual table */
-  if( NEVER(pExpr==0) ) return pDef;
-  if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return pDef;
-  pTab = pExpr->pTab;
-  if( NEVER(pTab==0) ) return pDef;
-  if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Virtual)==0 ) return pDef;
-  pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab)->pVtab;
-  assert( pVtab!=0 );
-  assert( pVtab->pModule!=0 );
-  pMod = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
-  if( pMod->xFindFunction==0 ) return pDef;
- 
-  /* Call the xFindFunction method on the virtual table implementation
-  ** to see if the implementation wants to overload this function 
-  */
-  zLowerName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pDef->zName);
-  if( zLowerName ){
-    for(z=(unsigned char*)zLowerName; *z; z++){
-      *z = sqlite3UpperToLower[*z];
-    }
-    rc = pMod->xFindFunction(pVtab, nArg, zLowerName, &xFunc, &pArg);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zLowerName);
-  }
-  if( rc==0 ){
-    return pDef;
-  }
-
-  /* Create a new ephemeral function definition for the overloaded
-  ** function */
-  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pNew)
-                             + sqlite3Strlen30(pDef->zName) + 1);
-  if( pNew==0 ){
-    return pDef;
-  }
-  *pNew = *pDef;
-  pNew->zName = (char *)&pNew[1];
-  memcpy(pNew->zName, pDef->zName, sqlite3Strlen30(pDef->zName)+1);
-  pNew->xFunc = xFunc;
-  pNew->pUserData = pArg;
-  pNew->flags |= SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM;
-  return pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** Make sure virtual table pTab is contained in the pParse->apVirtualLock[]
-** array so that an OP_VBegin will get generated for it.  Add pTab to the
-** array if it is missing.  If pTab is already in the array, this routine
-** is a no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
-  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-  int i, n;
-  Table **apVtabLock;
-
-  assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
-  for(i=0; i<pToplevel->nVtabLock; i++){
-    if( pTab==pToplevel->apVtabLock[i] ) return;
-  }
-  n = (pToplevel->nVtabLock+1)*sizeof(pToplevel->apVtabLock[0]);
-  apVtabLock = sqlite3_realloc(pToplevel->apVtabLock, n);
-  if( apVtabLock ){
-    pToplevel->apVtabLock = apVtabLock;
-    pToplevel->apVtabLock[pToplevel->nVtabLock++] = pTab;
-  }else{
-    pToplevel->db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  }
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-/************** End of vtab.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file where.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This module contains C code that generates VDBE code used to process
-** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.  This module is responsible for
-** generating the code that loops through a table looking for applicable
-** rows.  Indices are selected and used to speed the search when doing
-** so is applicable.  Because this module is responsible for selecting
-** indices, you might also think of this module as the "query optimizer".
-*/
-
-/*
-** Trace output macros
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereTrace = 0;
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-# define WHERETRACE(X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
-#else
-# define WHERETRACE(X)
-#endif
-
-/* Forward reference
-*/
-typedef struct WhereClause WhereClause;
-typedef struct WhereMaskSet WhereMaskSet;
-typedef struct WhereOrInfo WhereOrInfo;
-typedef struct WhereAndInfo WhereAndInfo;
-typedef struct WhereCost WhereCost;
-
-/*
-** The query generator uses an array of instances of this structure to
-** help it analyze the subexpressions of the WHERE clause.  Each WHERE
-** clause subexpression is separated from the others by AND operators,
-** usually, or sometimes subexpressions separated by OR.
-**
-** All WhereTerms are collected into a single WhereClause structure.  
-** The following identity holds:
-**
-**        WhereTerm.pWC->a[WhereTerm.idx] == WhereTerm
-**
-** When a term is of the form:
-**
-**              X <op> <expr>
-**
-** where X is a column name and <op> is one of certain operators,
-** then WhereTerm.leftCursor and WhereTerm.u.leftColumn record the
-** cursor number and column number for X.  WhereTerm.eOperator records
-** the <op> using a bitmask encoding defined by WO_xxx below.  The
-** use of a bitmask encoding for the operator allows us to search
-** quickly for terms that match any of several different operators.
-**
-** A WhereTerm might also be two or more subterms connected by OR:
-**
-**         (t1.X <op> <expr>) OR (t1.Y <op> <expr>) OR ....
-**
-** In this second case, wtFlag as the TERM_ORINFO set and eOperator==WO_OR
-** and the WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo field points to auxiliary information that
-** is collected about the
-**
-** If a term in the WHERE clause does not match either of the two previous
-** categories, then eOperator==0.  The WhereTerm.pExpr field is still set
-** to the original subexpression content and wtFlags is set up appropriately
-** but no other fields in the WhereTerm object are meaningful.
-**
-** When eOperator!=0, prereqRight and prereqAll record sets of cursor numbers,
-** but they do so indirectly.  A single WhereMaskSet structure translates
-** cursor number into bits and the translated bit is stored in the prereq
-** fields.  The translation is used in order to maximize the number of
-** bits that will fit in a Bitmask.  The VDBE cursor numbers might be
-** spread out over the non-negative integers.  For example, the cursor
-** numbers might be 3, 8, 9, 10, 20, 23, 41, and 45.  The WhereMaskSet
-** translates these sparse cursor numbers into consecutive integers
-** beginning with 0 in order to make the best possible use of the available
-** bits in the Bitmask.  So, in the example above, the cursor numbers
-** would be mapped into integers 0 through 7.
-**
-** The number of terms in a join is limited by the number of bits
-** in prereqRight and prereqAll.  The default is 64 bits, hence SQLite
-** is only able to process joins with 64 or fewer tables.
-*/
-typedef struct WhereTerm WhereTerm;
-struct WhereTerm {
-  Expr *pExpr;            /* Pointer to the subexpression that is this term */
-  int iParent;            /* Disable pWC->a[iParent] when this term disabled */
-  int leftCursor;         /* Cursor number of X in "X <op> <expr>" */
-  union {
-    int leftColumn;         /* Column number of X in "X <op> <expr>" */
-    WhereOrInfo *pOrInfo;   /* Extra information if eOperator==WO_OR */
-    WhereAndInfo *pAndInfo; /* Extra information if eOperator==WO_AND */
-  } u;
-  u16 eOperator;          /* A WO_xx value describing <op> */
-  u8 wtFlags;             /* TERM_xxx bit flags.  See below */
-  u8 nChild;              /* Number of children that must disable us */
-  WhereClause *pWC;       /* The clause this term is part of */
-  Bitmask prereqRight;    /* Bitmask of tables used by pExpr->pRight */
-  Bitmask prereqAll;      /* Bitmask of tables referenced by pExpr */
-};
-
-/*
-** Allowed values of WhereTerm.wtFlags
-*/
-#define TERM_DYNAMIC    0x01   /* Need to call sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr) */
-#define TERM_VIRTUAL    0x02   /* Added by the optimizer.  Do not code */
-#define TERM_CODED      0x04   /* This term is already coded */
-#define TERM_COPIED     0x08   /* Has a child */
-#define TERM_ORINFO     0x10   /* Need to free the WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo object */
-#define TERM_ANDINFO    0x20   /* Need to free the WhereTerm.u.pAndInfo obj */
-#define TERM_OR_OK      0x40   /* Used during OR-clause processing */
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure holds all information about a
-** WHERE clause.  Mostly this is a container for one or more WhereTerms.
-*/
-struct WhereClause {
-  Parse *pParse;           /* The parser context */
-  WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet;  /* Mapping of table cursor numbers to bitmasks */
-  Bitmask vmask;           /* Bitmask identifying virtual table cursors */
-  u8 op;                   /* Split operator.  TK_AND or TK_OR */
-  int nTerm;               /* Number of terms */
-  int nSlot;               /* Number of entries in a[] */
-  WhereTerm *a;            /* Each a[] describes a term of the WHERE cluase */
-#if defined(SQLITE_SMALL_STACK)
-  WhereTerm aStatic[1];    /* Initial static space for a[] */
-#else
-  WhereTerm aStatic[8];    /* Initial static space for a[] */
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** A WhereTerm with eOperator==WO_OR has its u.pOrInfo pointer set to
-** a dynamically allocated instance of the following structure.
-*/
-struct WhereOrInfo {
-  WhereClause wc;          /* Decomposition into subterms */
-  Bitmask indexable;       /* Bitmask of all indexable tables in the clause */
-};
-
-/*
-** A WhereTerm with eOperator==WO_AND has its u.pAndInfo pointer set to
-** a dynamically allocated instance of the following structure.
-*/
-struct WhereAndInfo {
-  WhereClause wc;          /* The subexpression broken out */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure keeps track of a mapping
-** between VDBE cursor numbers and bits of the bitmasks in WhereTerm.
-**
-** The VDBE cursor numbers are small integers contained in 
-** SrcList_item.iCursor and Expr.iTable fields.  For any given WHERE 
-** clause, the cursor numbers might not begin with 0 and they might
-** contain gaps in the numbering sequence.  But we want to make maximum
-** use of the bits in our bitmasks.  This structure provides a mapping
-** from the sparse cursor numbers into consecutive integers beginning
-** with 0.
-**
-** If WhereMaskSet.ix[A]==B it means that The A-th bit of a Bitmask
-** corresponds VDBE cursor number B.  The A-th bit of a bitmask is 1<<A.
-**
-** For example, if the WHERE clause expression used these VDBE
-** cursors:  4, 5, 8, 29, 57, 73.  Then the  WhereMaskSet structure
-** would map those cursor numbers into bits 0 through 5.
-**
-** Note that the mapping is not necessarily ordered.  In the example
-** above, the mapping might go like this:  4->3, 5->1, 8->2, 29->0,
-** 57->5, 73->4.  Or one of 719 other combinations might be used. It
-** does not really matter.  What is important is that sparse cursor
-** numbers all get mapped into bit numbers that begin with 0 and contain
-** no gaps.
-*/
-struct WhereMaskSet {
-  int n;                        /* Number of assigned cursor values */
-  int ix[BMS];                  /* Cursor assigned to each bit */
-};
-
-/*
-** A WhereCost object records a lookup strategy and the estimated
-** cost of pursuing that strategy.
-*/
-struct WhereCost {
-  WherePlan plan;    /* The lookup strategy */
-  double rCost;      /* Overall cost of pursuing this search strategy */
-  double nRow;       /* Estimated number of output rows */
-  Bitmask used;      /* Bitmask of cursors used by this plan */
-};
-
-/*
-** Bitmasks for the operators that indices are able to exploit.  An
-** OR-ed combination of these values can be used when searching for
-** terms in the where clause.
-*/
-#define WO_IN     0x001
-#define WO_EQ     0x002
-#define WO_LT     (WO_EQ<<(TK_LT-TK_EQ))
-#define WO_LE     (WO_EQ<<(TK_LE-TK_EQ))
-#define WO_GT     (WO_EQ<<(TK_GT-TK_EQ))
-#define WO_GE     (WO_EQ<<(TK_GE-TK_EQ))
-#define WO_MATCH  0x040
-#define WO_ISNULL 0x080
-#define WO_OR     0x100       /* Two or more OR-connected terms */
-#define WO_AND    0x200       /* Two or more AND-connected terms */
-
-#define WO_ALL    0xfff       /* Mask of all possible WO_* values */
-#define WO_SINGLE 0x0ff       /* Mask of all non-compound WO_* values */
-
-/*
-** Value for wsFlags returned by bestIndex() and stored in
-** WhereLevel.wsFlags.  These flags determine which search
-** strategies are appropriate.
-**
-** The least significant 12 bits is reserved as a mask for WO_ values above.
-** The WhereLevel.wsFlags field is usually set to WO_IN|WO_EQ|WO_ISNULL.
-** But if the table is the right table of a left join, WhereLevel.wsFlags
-** is set to WO_IN|WO_EQ.  The WhereLevel.wsFlags field can then be used as
-** the "op" parameter to findTerm when we are resolving equality constraints.
-** ISNULL constraints will then not be used on the right table of a left
-** join.  Tickets #2177 and #2189.
-*/
-#define WHERE_ROWID_EQ     0x00001000  /* rowid=EXPR or rowid IN (...) */
-#define WHERE_ROWID_RANGE  0x00002000  /* rowid<EXPR and/or rowid>EXPR */
-#define WHERE_COLUMN_EQ    0x00010000  /* x=EXPR or x IN (...) or x IS NULL */
-#define WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE 0x00020000  /* x<EXPR and/or x>EXPR */
-#define WHERE_COLUMN_IN    0x00040000  /* x IN (...) */
-#define WHERE_COLUMN_NULL  0x00080000  /* x IS NULL */
-#define WHERE_INDEXED      0x000f0000  /* Anything that uses an index */
-#define WHERE_IN_ABLE      0x000f1000  /* Able to support an IN operator */
-#define WHERE_TOP_LIMIT    0x00100000  /* x<EXPR or x<=EXPR constraint */
-#define WHERE_BTM_LIMIT    0x00200000  /* x>EXPR or x>=EXPR constraint */
-#define WHERE_IDX_ONLY     0x00800000  /* Use index only - omit table */
-#define WHERE_ORDERBY      0x01000000  /* Output will appear in correct order */
-#define WHERE_REVERSE      0x02000000  /* Scan in reverse order */
-#define WHERE_UNIQUE       0x04000000  /* Selects no more than one row */
-#define WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE 0x08000000  /* Use virtual-table processing */
-#define WHERE_MULTI_OR     0x10000000  /* OR using multiple indices */
-
-/*
-** Initialize a preallocated WhereClause structure.
-*/
-static void whereClauseInit(
-  WhereClause *pWC,        /* The WhereClause to be initialized */
-  Parse *pParse,           /* The parsing context */
-  WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet   /* Mapping from table cursor numbers to bitmasks */
-){
-  pWC->pParse = pParse;
-  pWC->pMaskSet = pMaskSet;
-  pWC->nTerm = 0;
-  pWC->nSlot = ArraySize(pWC->aStatic);
-  pWC->a = pWC->aStatic;
-  pWC->vmask = 0;
-}
-
-/* Forward reference */
-static void whereClauseClear(WhereClause*);
-
-/*
-** Deallocate all memory associated with a WhereOrInfo object.
-*/
-static void whereOrInfoDelete(sqlite3 *db, WhereOrInfo *p){
-  whereClauseClear(&p->wc);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Deallocate all memory associated with a WhereAndInfo object.
-*/
-static void whereAndInfoDelete(sqlite3 *db, WhereAndInfo *p){
-  whereClauseClear(&p->wc);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Deallocate a WhereClause structure.  The WhereClause structure
-** itself is not freed.  This routine is the inverse of whereClauseInit().
-*/
-static void whereClauseClear(WhereClause *pWC){
-  int i;
-  WhereTerm *a;
-  sqlite3 *db = pWC->pParse->db;
-  for(i=pWC->nTerm-1, a=pWC->a; i>=0; i--, a++){
-    if( a->wtFlags & TERM_DYNAMIC ){
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, a->pExpr);
-    }
-    if( a->wtFlags & TERM_ORINFO ){
-      whereOrInfoDelete(db, a->u.pOrInfo);
-    }else if( a->wtFlags & TERM_ANDINFO ){
-      whereAndInfoDelete(db, a->u.pAndInfo);
-    }
-  }
-  if( pWC->a!=pWC->aStatic ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pWC->a);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Add a single new WhereTerm entry to the WhereClause object pWC.
-** The new WhereTerm object is constructed from Expr p and with wtFlags.
-** The index in pWC->a[] of the new WhereTerm is returned on success.
-** 0 is returned if the new WhereTerm could not be added due to a memory
-** allocation error.  The memory allocation failure will be recorded in
-** the db->mallocFailed flag so that higher-level functions can detect it.
-**
-** This routine will increase the size of the pWC->a[] array as necessary.
-**
-** If the wtFlags argument includes TERM_DYNAMIC, then responsibility
-** for freeing the expression p is assumed by the WhereClause object pWC.
-** This is true even if this routine fails to allocate a new WhereTerm.
-**
-** WARNING:  This routine might reallocate the space used to store
-** WhereTerms.  All pointers to WhereTerms should be invalidated after
-** calling this routine.  Such pointers may be reinitialized by referencing
-** the pWC->a[] array.
-*/
-static int whereClauseInsert(WhereClause *pWC, Expr *p, u8 wtFlags){
-  WhereTerm *pTerm;
-  int idx;
-  if( pWC->nTerm>=pWC->nSlot ){
-    WhereTerm *pOld = pWC->a;
-    sqlite3 *db = pWC->pParse->db;
-    pWC->a = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(pWC->a[0])*pWC->nSlot*2 );
-    if( pWC->a==0 ){
-      if( wtFlags & TERM_DYNAMIC ){
-        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p);
-      }
-      pWC->a = pOld;
-      return 0;
-    }
-    memcpy(pWC->a, pOld, sizeof(pWC->a[0])*pWC->nTerm);
-    if( pOld!=pWC->aStatic ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pOld);
-    }
-    pWC->nSlot = sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, pWC->a)/sizeof(pWC->a[0]);
-  }
-  pTerm = &pWC->a[idx = pWC->nTerm++];
-  pTerm->pExpr = p;
-  pTerm->wtFlags = wtFlags;
-  pTerm->pWC = pWC;
-  pTerm->iParent = -1;
-  return idx;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine identifies subexpressions in the WHERE clause where
-** each subexpression is separated by the AND operator or some other
-** operator specified in the op parameter.  The WhereClause structure
-** is filled with pointers to subexpressions.  For example:
-**
-**    WHERE  a=='hello' AND coalesce(b,11)<10 AND (c+12!=d OR c==22)
-**           \________/     \_______________/     \________________/
-**            slot[0]            slot[1]               slot[2]
-**
-** The original WHERE clause in pExpr is unaltered.  All this routine
-** does is make slot[] entries point to substructure within pExpr.
-**
-** In the previous sentence and in the diagram, "slot[]" refers to
-** the WhereClause.a[] array.  The slot[] array grows as needed to contain
-** all terms of the WHERE clause.
-*/
-static void whereSplit(WhereClause *pWC, Expr *pExpr, int op){
-  pWC->op = (u8)op;
-  if( pExpr==0 ) return;
-  if( pExpr->op!=op ){
-    whereClauseInsert(pWC, pExpr, 0);
-  }else{
-    whereSplit(pWC, pExpr->pLeft, op);
-    whereSplit(pWC, pExpr->pRight, op);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Initialize an expression mask set (a WhereMaskSet object)
-*/
-#define initMaskSet(P)  memset(P, 0, sizeof(*P))
-
-/*
-** Return the bitmask for the given cursor number.  Return 0 if
-** iCursor is not in the set.
-*/
-static Bitmask getMask(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, int iCursor){
-  int i;
-  assert( pMaskSet->n<=sizeof(Bitmask)*8 );
-  for(i=0; i<pMaskSet->n; i++){
-    if( pMaskSet->ix[i]==iCursor ){
-      return ((Bitmask)1)<<i;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a new mask for cursor iCursor.
-**
-** There is one cursor per table in the FROM clause.  The number of
-** tables in the FROM clause is limited by a test early in the
-** sqlite3WhereBegin() routine.  So we know that the pMaskSet->ix[]
-** array will never overflow.
-*/
-static void createMask(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, int iCursor){
-  assert( pMaskSet->n < ArraySize(pMaskSet->ix) );
-  pMaskSet->ix[pMaskSet->n++] = iCursor;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine walks (recursively) an expression tree and generates
-** a bitmask indicating which tables are used in that expression
-** tree.
-**
-** In order for this routine to work, the calling function must have
-** previously invoked sqlite3ResolveExprNames() on the expression.  See
-** the header comment on that routine for additional information.
-** The sqlite3ResolveExprNames() routines looks for column names and
-** sets their opcodes to TK_COLUMN and their Expr.iTable fields to
-** the VDBE cursor number of the table.  This routine just has to
-** translate the cursor numbers into bitmask values and OR all
-** the bitmasks together.
-*/
-static Bitmask exprListTableUsage(WhereMaskSet*, ExprList*);
-static Bitmask exprSelectTableUsage(WhereMaskSet*, Select*);
-static Bitmask exprTableUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, Expr *p){
-  Bitmask mask = 0;
-  if( p==0 ) return 0;
-  if( p->op==TK_COLUMN ){
-    mask = getMask(pMaskSet, p->iTable);
-    return mask;
-  }
-  mask = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->pRight);
-  mask |= exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->pLeft);
-  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-    mask |= exprSelectTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pSelect);
-  }else{
-    mask |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pList);
-  }
-  return mask;
-}
-static Bitmask exprListTableUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, ExprList *pList){
-  int i;
-  Bitmask mask = 0;
-  if( pList ){
-    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-      mask |= exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pList->a[i].pExpr);
-    }
-  }
-  return mask;
-}
-static Bitmask exprSelectTableUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, Select *pS){
-  Bitmask mask = 0;
-  while( pS ){
-    mask |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pEList);
-    mask |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pGroupBy);
-    mask |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pOrderBy);
-    mask |= exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pWhere);
-    mask |= exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pHaving);
-    pS = pS->pPrior;
-  }
-  return mask;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if the given operator is one of the operators that is
-** allowed for an indexable WHERE clause term.  The allowed operators are
-** "=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=", and "IN".
-*/
-static int allowedOp(int op){
-  assert( TK_GT>TK_EQ && TK_GT<TK_GE );
-  assert( TK_LT>TK_EQ && TK_LT<TK_GE );
-  assert( TK_LE>TK_EQ && TK_LE<TK_GE );
-  assert( TK_GE==TK_EQ+4 );
-  return op==TK_IN || (op>=TK_EQ && op<=TK_GE) || op==TK_ISNULL;
-}
-
-/*
-** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
-*/
-#define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
-
-/*
-** Commute a comparison operator.  Expressions of the form "X op Y"
-** are converted into "Y op X".
-**
-** If a collation sequence is associated with either the left or right
-** side of the comparison, it remains associated with the same side after
-** the commutation. So "Y collate NOCASE op X" becomes 
-** "X collate NOCASE op Y". This is because any collation sequence on
-** the left hand side of a comparison overrides any collation sequence 
-** attached to the right. For the same reason the EP_ExpCollate flag
-** is not commuted.
-*/
-static void exprCommute(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
-  u16 expRight = (pExpr->pRight->flags & EP_ExpCollate);
-  u16 expLeft = (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_ExpCollate);
-  assert( allowedOp(pExpr->op) && pExpr->op!=TK_IN );
-  pExpr->pRight->pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pRight);
-  pExpr->pLeft->pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
-  SWAP(CollSeq*,pExpr->pRight->pColl,pExpr->pLeft->pColl);
-  pExpr->pRight->flags = (pExpr->pRight->flags & ~EP_ExpCollate) | expLeft;
-  pExpr->pLeft->flags = (pExpr->pLeft->flags & ~EP_ExpCollate) | expRight;
-  SWAP(Expr*,pExpr->pRight,pExpr->pLeft);
-  if( pExpr->op>=TK_GT ){
-    assert( TK_LT==TK_GT+2 );
-    assert( TK_GE==TK_LE+2 );
-    assert( TK_GT>TK_EQ );
-    assert( TK_GT<TK_LE );
-    assert( pExpr->op>=TK_GT && pExpr->op<=TK_GE );
-    pExpr->op = ((pExpr->op-TK_GT)^2)+TK_GT;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Translate from TK_xx operator to WO_xx bitmask.
-*/
-static u16 operatorMask(int op){
-  u16 c;
-  assert( allowedOp(op) );
-  if( op==TK_IN ){
-    c = WO_IN;
-  }else if( op==TK_ISNULL ){
-    c = WO_ISNULL;
-  }else{
-    assert( (WO_EQ<<(op-TK_EQ)) < 0x7fff );
-    c = (u16)(WO_EQ<<(op-TK_EQ));
-  }
-  assert( op!=TK_ISNULL || c==WO_ISNULL );
-  assert( op!=TK_IN || c==WO_IN );
-  assert( op!=TK_EQ || c==WO_EQ );
-  assert( op!=TK_LT || c==WO_LT );
-  assert( op!=TK_LE || c==WO_LE );
-  assert( op!=TK_GT || c==WO_GT );
-  assert( op!=TK_GE || c==WO_GE );
-  return c;
-}
-
-/*
-** Search for a term in the WHERE clause that is of the form "X <op> <expr>"
-** where X is a reference to the iColumn of table iCur and <op> is one of
-** the WO_xx operator codes specified by the op parameter.
-** Return a pointer to the term.  Return 0 if not found.
-*/
-static WhereTerm *findTerm(
-  WhereClause *pWC,     /* The WHERE clause to be searched */
-  int iCur,             /* Cursor number of LHS */
-  int iColumn,          /* Column number of LHS */
-  Bitmask notReady,     /* RHS must not overlap with this mask */
-  u32 op,               /* Mask of WO_xx values describing operator */
-  Index *pIdx           /* Must be compatible with this index, if not NULL */
-){
-  WhereTerm *pTerm;
-  int k;
-  assert( iCur>=0 );
-  op &= WO_ALL;
-  for(pTerm=pWC->a, k=pWC->nTerm; k; k--, pTerm++){
-    if( pTerm->leftCursor==iCur
-       && (pTerm->prereqRight & notReady)==0
-       && pTerm->u.leftColumn==iColumn
-       && (pTerm->eOperator & op)!=0
-    ){
-      if( pIdx && pTerm->eOperator!=WO_ISNULL ){
-        Expr *pX = pTerm->pExpr;
-        CollSeq *pColl;
-        char idxaff;
-        int j;
-        Parse *pParse = pWC->pParse;
-
-        idxaff = pIdx->pTable->aCol[iColumn].affinity;
-        if( !sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(pX, idxaff) ) continue;
-
-        /* Figure out the collation sequence required from an index for
-        ** it to be useful for optimising expression pX. Store this
-        ** value in variable pColl.
-        */
-        assert(pX->pLeft);
-        pColl = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pX->pLeft, pX->pRight);
-        assert(pColl || pParse->nErr);
-
-        for(j=0; pIdx->aiColumn[j]!=iColumn; j++){
-          if( NEVER(j>=pIdx->nColumn) ) return 0;
-        }
-        if( pColl && sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pIdx->azColl[j]) ) continue;
-      }
-      return pTerm;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/* Forward reference */
-static void exprAnalyze(SrcList*, WhereClause*, int);
-
-/*
-** Call exprAnalyze on all terms in a WHERE clause.  
-**
-**
-*/
-static void exprAnalyzeAll(
-  SrcList *pTabList,       /* the FROM clause */
-  WhereClause *pWC         /* the WHERE clause to be analyzed */
-){
-  int i;
-  for(i=pWC->nTerm-1; i>=0; i--){
-    exprAnalyze(pTabList, pWC, i);
-  }
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
-/*
-** Check to see if the given expression is a LIKE or GLOB operator that
-** can be optimized using inequality constraints.  Return TRUE if it is
-** so and false if not.
-**
-** In order for the operator to be optimizible, the RHS must be a string
-** literal that does not begin with a wildcard.  
-*/
-static int isLikeOrGlob(
-  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing and code generating context */
-  Expr *pExpr,      /* Test this expression */
-  Expr **ppPrefix,  /* Pointer to TK_STRING expression with pattern prefix */
-  int *pisComplete, /* True if the only wildcard is % in the last character */
-  int *pnoCase      /* True if uppercase is equivalent to lowercase */
-){
-  const char *z = 0;         /* String on RHS of LIKE operator */
-  Expr *pRight, *pLeft;      /* Right and left size of LIKE operator */
-  ExprList *pList;           /* List of operands to the LIKE operator */
-  int c;                     /* One character in z[] */
-  int cnt;                   /* Number of non-wildcard prefix characters */
-  char wc[3];                /* Wildcard characters */
-  CollSeq *pColl;            /* Collating sequence for LHS */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection */
-  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
-  int op;                    /* Opcode of pRight */
-
-  if( !sqlite3IsLikeFunction(db, pExpr, pnoCase, wc) ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
-  if( *pnoCase ) return 0;
-#endif
-  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
-  pLeft = pList->a[1].pExpr;
-  if( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN || sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLeft)!=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
-    /* IMP: R-02065-49465 The left-hand side of the LIKE or GLOB operator must
-    ** be the name of an indexed column with TEXT affinity. */
-    return 0;
-  }
-  assert( pLeft->iColumn!=(-1) ); /* Because IPK never has AFF_TEXT */
-  pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pLeft);
-  if( pColl==0 ) return 0;  /* Happens when LHS has an undefined collation */
-  if( (pColl->type!=SQLITE_COLL_BINARY || *pnoCase) &&
-      (pColl->type!=SQLITE_COLL_NOCASE || !*pnoCase) ){
-    /* IMP: R-09003-32046 For the GLOB operator, the column must use the
-    ** default BINARY collating sequence.
-    ** IMP: R-41408-28306 For the LIKE operator, if case_sensitive_like mode
-    ** is enabled then the column must use the default BINARY collating
-    ** sequence, or if case_sensitive_like mode is disabled then the column
-    ** must use the built-in NOCASE collating sequence.
-    */
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  pRight = pList->a[0].pExpr;
-  op = pRight->op;
-  if( op==TK_REGISTER ){
-    op = pRight->op2;
-  }
-  if( op==TK_VARIABLE ){
-    Vdbe *pReprepare = pParse->pReprepare;
-    pVal = sqlite3VdbeGetValue(pReprepare, pRight->iColumn, SQLITE_AFF_NONE);
-    if( pVal && sqlite3_value_type(pVal)==SQLITE_TEXT ){
-      z = (char *)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, pRight->iColumn);
-    assert( pRight->op==TK_VARIABLE || pRight->op==TK_REGISTER );
-  }else if( op==TK_STRING ){
-    z = pRight->u.zToken;
-  }
-  if( z ){
-    cnt = 0;
-    while( (c=z[cnt])!=0 && c!=wc[0] && c!=wc[1] && c!=wc[2] ){
-      cnt++;
-    }
-    if( cnt!=0 && c!=0 && 255!=(u8)z[cnt-1] ){
-      Expr *pPrefix;
-      *pisComplete = z[cnt]==wc[0] && z[cnt+1]==0;
-      pPrefix = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_STRING, z);
-      if( pPrefix ) pPrefix->u.zToken[cnt] = 0;
-      *ppPrefix = pPrefix;
-      if( op==TK_VARIABLE ){
-        Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-        sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(v, pRight->iColumn);
-        if( *pisComplete && pRight->u.zToken[1] ){
-          /* If the rhs of the LIKE expression is a variable, and the current
-          ** value of the variable means there is no need to invoke the LIKE
-          ** function, then no OP_Variable will be added to the program.
-          ** This causes problems for the sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()
-          ** API. To workaround them, add a dummy OP_Variable here.
-          */ 
-          int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-          sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pRight, r1);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-1, 0);
-          sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-        }
-      }
-    }else{
-      z = 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
-  return (z!=0);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION */
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/*
-** Check to see if the given expression is of the form
-**
-**         column MATCH expr
-**
-** If it is then return TRUE.  If not, return FALSE.
-*/
-static int isMatchOfColumn(
-  Expr *pExpr      /* Test this expression */
-){
-  ExprList *pList;
-
-  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"match")!=0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
-  if( pList->nExpr!=2 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( pList->a[1].pExpr->op != TK_COLUMN ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-/*
-** If the pBase expression originated in the ON or USING clause of
-** a join, then transfer the appropriate markings over to derived.
-*/
-static void transferJoinMarkings(Expr *pDerived, Expr *pBase){
-  pDerived->flags |= pBase->flags & EP_FromJoin;
-  pDerived->iRightJoinTable = pBase->iRightJoinTable;
-}
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
-/*
-** Analyze a term that consists of two or more OR-connected
-** subterms.  So in:
-**
-**     ... WHERE  (a=5) AND (b=7 OR c=9 OR d=13) AND (d=13)
-**                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-**
-** This routine analyzes terms such as the middle term in the above example.
-** A WhereOrTerm object is computed and attached to the term under
-** analysis, regardless of the outcome of the analysis.  Hence:
-**
-**     WhereTerm.wtFlags   |=  TERM_ORINFO
-**     WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo  =  a dynamically allocated WhereOrTerm object
-**
-** The term being analyzed must have two or more of OR-connected subterms.
-** A single subterm might be a set of AND-connected sub-subterms.
-** Examples of terms under analysis:
-**
-**     (A)     t1.x=t2.y OR t1.x=t2.z OR t1.y=15 OR t1.z=t3.a+5
-**     (B)     x=expr1 OR expr2=x OR x=expr3
-**     (C)     t1.x=t2.y OR (t1.x=t2.z AND t1.y=15)
-**     (D)     x=expr1 OR (y>11 AND y<22 AND z LIKE '*hello*')
-**     (E)     (p.a=1 AND q.b=2 AND r.c=3) OR (p.x=4 AND q.y=5 AND r.z=6)
-**
-** CASE 1:
-**
-** If all subterms are of the form T.C=expr for some single column of C
-** a single table T (as shown in example B above) then create a new virtual
-** term that is an equivalent IN expression.  In other words, if the term
-** being analyzed is:
-**
-**      x = expr1  OR  expr2 = x  OR  x = expr3
-**
-** then create a new virtual term like this:
-**
-**      x IN (expr1,expr2,expr3)
-**
-** CASE 2:
-**
-** If all subterms are indexable by a single table T, then set
-**
-**     WhereTerm.eOperator              =  WO_OR
-**     WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo->indexable  |=  the cursor number for table T
-**
-** A subterm is "indexable" if it is of the form
-** "T.C <op> <expr>" where C is any column of table T and 
-** <op> is one of "=", "<", "<=", ">", ">=", "IS NULL", or "IN".
-** A subterm is also indexable if it is an AND of two or more
-** subsubterms at least one of which is indexable.  Indexable AND 
-** subterms have their eOperator set to WO_AND and they have
-** u.pAndInfo set to a dynamically allocated WhereAndTerm object.
-**
-** From another point of view, "indexable" means that the subterm could
-** potentially be used with an index if an appropriate index exists.
-** This analysis does not consider whether or not the index exists; that
-** is something the bestIndex() routine will determine.  This analysis
-** only looks at whether subterms appropriate for indexing exist.
-**
-** All examples A through E above all satisfy case 2.  But if a term
-** also statisfies case 1 (such as B) we know that the optimizer will
-** always prefer case 1, so in that case we pretend that case 2 is not
-** satisfied.
-**
-** It might be the case that multiple tables are indexable.  For example,
-** (E) above is indexable on tables P, Q, and R.
-**
-** Terms that satisfy case 2 are candidates for lookup by using
-** separate indices to find rowids for each subterm and composing
-** the union of all rowids using a RowSet object.  This is similar
-** to "bitmap indices" in other database engines.
-**
-** OTHERWISE:
-**
-** If neither case 1 nor case 2 apply, then leave the eOperator set to
-** zero.  This term is not useful for search.
-*/
-static void exprAnalyzeOrTerm(
-  SrcList *pSrc,            /* the FROM clause */
-  WhereClause *pWC,         /* the complete WHERE clause */
-  int idxTerm               /* Index of the OR-term to be analyzed */
-){
-  Parse *pParse = pWC->pParse;            /* Parser context */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;               /* Database connection */
-  WhereTerm *pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];    /* The term to be analyzed */
-  Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;             /* The expression of the term */
-  WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet = pWC->pMaskSet; /* Table use masks */
-  int i;                                  /* Loop counters */
-  WhereClause *pOrWc;       /* Breakup of pTerm into subterms */
-  WhereTerm *pOrTerm;       /* A Sub-term within the pOrWc */
-  WhereOrInfo *pOrInfo;     /* Additional information associated with pTerm */
-  Bitmask chngToIN;         /* Tables that might satisfy case 1 */
-  Bitmask indexable;        /* Tables that are indexable, satisfying case 2 */
-
-  /*
-  ** Break the OR clause into its separate subterms.  The subterms are
-  ** stored in a WhereClause structure containing within the WhereOrInfo
-  ** object that is attached to the original OR clause term.
-  */
-  assert( (pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_DYNAMIC|TERM_ORINFO|TERM_ANDINFO))==0 );
-  assert( pExpr->op==TK_OR );
-  pTerm->u.pOrInfo = pOrInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pOrInfo));
-  if( pOrInfo==0 ) return;
-  pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_ORINFO;
-  pOrWc = &pOrInfo->wc;
-  whereClauseInit(pOrWc, pWC->pParse, pMaskSet);
-  whereSplit(pOrWc, pExpr, TK_OR);
-  exprAnalyzeAll(pSrc, pOrWc);
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
-  assert( pOrWc->nTerm>=2 );
-
-  /*
-  ** Compute the set of tables that might satisfy cases 1 or 2.
-  */
-  indexable = ~(Bitmask)0;
-  chngToIN = ~(pWC->vmask);
-  for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1, pOrTerm=pOrWc->a; i>=0 && indexable; i--, pOrTerm++){
-    if( (pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_SINGLE)==0 ){
-      WhereAndInfo *pAndInfo;
-      assert( pOrTerm->eOperator==0 );
-      assert( (pOrTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_ANDINFO|TERM_ORINFO))==0 );
-      chngToIN = 0;
-      pAndInfo = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*pAndInfo));
-      if( pAndInfo ){
-        WhereClause *pAndWC;
-        WhereTerm *pAndTerm;
-        int j;
-        Bitmask b = 0;
-        pOrTerm->u.pAndInfo = pAndInfo;
-        pOrTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_ANDINFO;
-        pOrTerm->eOperator = WO_AND;
-        pAndWC = &pAndInfo->wc;
-        whereClauseInit(pAndWC, pWC->pParse, pMaskSet);
-        whereSplit(pAndWC, pOrTerm->pExpr, TK_AND);
-        exprAnalyzeAll(pSrc, pAndWC);
-        testcase( db->mallocFailed );
-        if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-          for(j=0, pAndTerm=pAndWC->a; j<pAndWC->nTerm; j++, pAndTerm++){
-            assert( pAndTerm->pExpr );
-            if( allowedOp(pAndTerm->pExpr->op) ){
-              b |= getMask(pMaskSet, pAndTerm->leftCursor);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        indexable &= b;
-      }
-    }else if( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_COPIED ){
-      /* Skip this term for now.  We revisit it when we process the
-      ** corresponding TERM_VIRTUAL term */
-    }else{
-      Bitmask b;
-      b = getMask(pMaskSet, pOrTerm->leftCursor);
-      if( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ){
-        WhereTerm *pOther = &pOrWc->a[pOrTerm->iParent];
-        b |= getMask(pMaskSet, pOther->leftCursor);
-      }
-      indexable &= b;
-      if( pOrTerm->eOperator!=WO_EQ ){
-        chngToIN = 0;
-      }else{
-        chngToIN &= b;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /*
-  ** Record the set of tables that satisfy case 2.  The set might be
-  ** empty.
-  */
-  pOrInfo->indexable = indexable;
-  pTerm->eOperator = indexable==0 ? 0 : WO_OR;
-
-  /*
-  ** chngToIN holds a set of tables that *might* satisfy case 1.  But
-  ** we have to do some additional checking to see if case 1 really
-  ** is satisfied.
-  **
-  ** chngToIN will hold either 0, 1, or 2 bits.  The 0-bit case means
-  ** that there is no possibility of transforming the OR clause into an
-  ** IN operator because one or more terms in the OR clause contain
-  ** something other than == on a column in the single table.  The 1-bit
-  ** case means that every term of the OR clause is of the form
-  ** "table.column=expr" for some single table.  The one bit that is set
-  ** will correspond to the common table.  We still need to check to make
-  ** sure the same column is used on all terms.  The 2-bit case is when
-  ** the all terms are of the form "table1.column=table2.column".  It
-  ** might be possible to form an IN operator with either table1.column
-  ** or table2.column as the LHS if either is common to every term of
-  ** the OR clause.
-  **
-  ** Note that terms of the form "table.column1=table.column2" (the
-  ** same table on both sizes of the ==) cannot be optimized.
-  */
-  if( chngToIN ){
-    int okToChngToIN = 0;     /* True if the conversion to IN is valid */
-    int iColumn = -1;         /* Column index on lhs of IN operator */
-    int iCursor = -1;         /* Table cursor common to all terms */
-    int j = 0;                /* Loop counter */
-
-    /* Search for a table and column that appears on one side or the
-    ** other of the == operator in every subterm.  That table and column
-    ** will be recorded in iCursor and iColumn.  There might not be any
-    ** such table and column.  Set okToChngToIN if an appropriate table
-    ** and column is found but leave okToChngToIN false if not found.
-    */
-    for(j=0; j<2 && !okToChngToIN; j++){
-      pOrTerm = pOrWc->a;
-      for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1; i>=0; i--, pOrTerm++){
-        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator==WO_EQ );
-        pOrTerm->wtFlags &= ~TERM_OR_OK;
-        if( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCursor ){
-          /* This is the 2-bit case and we are on the second iteration and
-          ** current term is from the first iteration.  So skip this term. */
-          assert( j==1 );
-          continue;
-        }
-        if( (chngToIN & getMask(pMaskSet, pOrTerm->leftCursor))==0 ){
-          /* This term must be of the form t1.a==t2.b where t2 is in the
-          ** chngToIN set but t1 is not.  This term will be either preceeded
-          ** or follwed by an inverted copy (t2.b==t1.a).  Skip this term 
-          ** and use its inversion. */
-          testcase( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_COPIED );
-          testcase( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
-          assert( pOrTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_COPIED|TERM_VIRTUAL) );
-          continue;
-        }
-        iColumn = pOrTerm->u.leftColumn;
-        iCursor = pOrTerm->leftCursor;
-        break;
-      }
-      if( i<0 ){
-        /* No candidate table+column was found.  This can only occur
-        ** on the second iteration */
-        assert( j==1 );
-        assert( (chngToIN&(chngToIN-1))==0 );
-        assert( chngToIN==getMask(pMaskSet, iCursor) );
-        break;
-      }
-      testcase( j==1 );
-
-      /* We have found a candidate table and column.  Check to see if that
-      ** table and column is common to every term in the OR clause */
-      okToChngToIN = 1;
-      for(; i>=0 && okToChngToIN; i--, pOrTerm++){
-        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator==WO_EQ );
-        if( pOrTerm->leftCursor!=iCursor ){
-          pOrTerm->wtFlags &= ~TERM_OR_OK;
-        }else if( pOrTerm->u.leftColumn!=iColumn ){
-          okToChngToIN = 0;
-        }else{
-          int affLeft, affRight;
-          /* If the right-hand side is also a column, then the affinities
-          ** of both right and left sides must be such that no type
-          ** conversions are required on the right.  (Ticket #2249)
-          */
-          affRight = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pOrTerm->pExpr->pRight);
-          affLeft = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft);
-          if( affRight!=0 && affRight!=affLeft ){
-            okToChngToIN = 0;
-          }else{
-            pOrTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_OR_OK;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* At this point, okToChngToIN is true if original pTerm satisfies
-    ** case 1.  In that case, construct a new virtual term that is 
-    ** pTerm converted into an IN operator.
-    */
-    if( okToChngToIN ){
-      Expr *pDup;            /* A transient duplicate expression */
-      ExprList *pList = 0;   /* The RHS of the IN operator */
-      Expr *pLeft = 0;       /* The LHS of the IN operator */
-      Expr *pNew;            /* The complete IN operator */
-
-      for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1, pOrTerm=pOrWc->a; i>=0; i--, pOrTerm++){
-        if( (pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_OR_OK)==0 ) continue;
-        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator==WO_EQ );
-        assert( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCursor );
-        assert( pOrTerm->u.leftColumn==iColumn );
-        pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrTerm->pExpr->pRight, 0);
-        pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pWC->pParse, pList, pDup);
-        pLeft = pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft;
-      }
-      assert( pLeft!=0 );
-      pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0);
-      pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pDup, 0, 0);
-      if( pNew ){
-        int idxNew;
-        transferJoinMarkings(pNew, pExpr);
-        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) );
-        pNew->x.pList = pList;
-        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNew, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
-        testcase( idxNew==0 );
-        exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
-        pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
-        pWC->a[idxNew].iParent = idxTerm;
-        pTerm->nChild = 1;
-      }else{
-        sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
-      }
-      pTerm->eOperator = 0;  /* case 1 trumps case 2 */
-    }
-  }
-}
-#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION && !SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */
-
-
-/*
-** The input to this routine is an WhereTerm structure with only the
-** "pExpr" field filled in.  The job of this routine is to analyze the
-** subexpression and populate all the other fields of the WhereTerm
-** structure.
-**
-** If the expression is of the form "<expr> <op> X" it gets commuted
-** to the standard form of "X <op> <expr>".
-**
-** If the expression is of the form "X <op> Y" where both X and Y are
-** columns, then the original expression is unchanged and a new virtual
-** term of the form "Y <op> X" is added to the WHERE clause and
-** analyzed separately.  The original term is marked with TERM_COPIED
-** and the new term is marked with TERM_DYNAMIC (because it's pExpr
-** needs to be freed with the WhereClause) and TERM_VIRTUAL (because it
-** is a commuted copy of a prior term.)  The original term has nChild=1
-** and the copy has idxParent set to the index of the original term.
-*/
-static void exprAnalyze(
-  SrcList *pSrc,            /* the FROM clause */
-  WhereClause *pWC,         /* the WHERE clause */
-  int idxTerm               /* Index of the term to be analyzed */
-){
-  WhereTerm *pTerm;                /* The term to be analyzed */
-  WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet;          /* Set of table index masks */
-  Expr *pExpr;                     /* The expression to be analyzed */
-  Bitmask prereqLeft;              /* Prerequesites of the pExpr->pLeft */
-  Bitmask prereqAll;               /* Prerequesites of pExpr */
-  Bitmask extraRight = 0;          /* Extra dependencies on LEFT JOIN */
-  Expr *pStr1 = 0;                 /* RHS of LIKE/GLOB operator */
-  int isComplete = 0;              /* RHS of LIKE/GLOB ends with wildcard */
-  int noCase = 0;                  /* LIKE/GLOB distinguishes case */
-  int op;                          /* Top-level operator.  pExpr->op */
-  Parse *pParse = pWC->pParse;     /* Parsing context */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;        /* Database connection */
-
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    return;
-  }
-  pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
-  pMaskSet = pWC->pMaskSet;
-  pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
-  prereqLeft = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pLeft);
-  op = pExpr->op;
-  if( op==TK_IN ){
-    assert( pExpr->pRight==0 );
-    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-      pTerm->prereqRight = exprSelectTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->x.pSelect);
-    }else{
-      pTerm->prereqRight = exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->x.pList);
-    }
-  }else if( op==TK_ISNULL ){
-    pTerm->prereqRight = 0;
-  }else{
-    pTerm->prereqRight = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pRight);
-  }
-  prereqAll = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr);
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
-    Bitmask x = getMask(pMaskSet, pExpr->iRightJoinTable);
-    prereqAll |= x;
-    extraRight = x-1;  /* ON clause terms may not be used with an index
-                       ** on left table of a LEFT JOIN.  Ticket #3015 */
-  }
-  pTerm->prereqAll = prereqAll;
-  pTerm->leftCursor = -1;
-  pTerm->iParent = -1;
-  pTerm->eOperator = 0;
-  if( allowedOp(op) && (pTerm->prereqRight & prereqLeft)==0 ){
-    Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
-    Expr *pRight = pExpr->pRight;
-    if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN ){
-      pTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
-      pTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
-      pTerm->eOperator = operatorMask(op);
-    }
-    if( pRight && pRight->op==TK_COLUMN ){
-      WhereTerm *pNew;
-      Expr *pDup;
-      if( pTerm->leftCursor>=0 ){
-        int idxNew;
-        pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
-        if( db->mallocFailed ){
-          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDup);
-          return;
-        }
-        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pDup, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
-        if( idxNew==0 ) return;
-        pNew = &pWC->a[idxNew];
-        pNew->iParent = idxTerm;
-        pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
-        pTerm->nChild = 1;
-        pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
-      }else{
-        pDup = pExpr;
-        pNew = pTerm;
-      }
-      exprCommute(pParse, pDup);
-      pLeft = pDup->pLeft;
-      pNew->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
-      pNew->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
-      testcase( (prereqLeft | extraRight) != prereqLeft );
-      pNew->prereqRight = prereqLeft | extraRight;
-      pNew->prereqAll = prereqAll;
-      pNew->eOperator = operatorMask(pDup->op);
-    }
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION
-  /* If a term is the BETWEEN operator, create two new virtual terms
-  ** that define the range that the BETWEEN implements.  For example:
-  **
-  **      a BETWEEN b AND c
-  **
-  ** is converted into:
-  **
-  **      (a BETWEEN b AND c) AND (a>=b) AND (a<=c)
-  **
-  ** The two new terms are added onto the end of the WhereClause object.
-  ** The new terms are "dynamic" and are children of the original BETWEEN
-  ** term.  That means that if the BETWEEN term is coded, the children are
-  ** skipped.  Or, if the children are satisfied by an index, the original
-  ** BETWEEN term is skipped.
-  */
-  else if( pExpr->op==TK_BETWEEN && pWC->op==TK_AND ){
-    ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
-    int i;
-    static const u8 ops[] = {TK_GE, TK_LE};
-    assert( pList!=0 );
-    assert( pList->nExpr==2 );
-    for(i=0; i<2; i++){
-      Expr *pNewExpr;
-      int idxNew;
-      pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, ops[i], 
-                             sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr->pLeft, 0),
-                             sqlite3ExprDup(db, pList->a[i].pExpr, 0), 0);
-      idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
-      testcase( idxNew==0 );
-      exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
-      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
-      pWC->a[idxNew].iParent = idxTerm;
-    }
-    pTerm->nChild = 2;
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION */
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
-  /* Analyze a term that is composed of two or more subterms connected by
-  ** an OR operator.
-  */
-  else if( pExpr->op==TK_OR ){
-    assert( pWC->op==TK_AND );
-    exprAnalyzeOrTerm(pSrc, pWC, idxTerm);
-    pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
-  /* Add constraints to reduce the search space on a LIKE or GLOB
-  ** operator.
-  **
-  ** A like pattern of the form "x LIKE 'abc%'" is changed into constraints
-  **
-  **          x>='abc' AND x<'abd' AND x LIKE 'abc%'
-  **
-  ** The last character of the prefix "abc" is incremented to form the
-  ** termination condition "abd".
-  */
-  if( pWC->op==TK_AND 
-   && isLikeOrGlob(pParse, pExpr, &pStr1, &isComplete, &noCase)
-  ){
-    Expr *pLeft;       /* LHS of LIKE/GLOB operator */
-    Expr *pStr2;       /* Copy of pStr1 - RHS of LIKE/GLOB operator */
-    Expr *pNewExpr1;
-    Expr *pNewExpr2;
-    int idxNew1;
-    int idxNew2;
-
-    pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
-    pStr2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStr1, 0);
-    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-      u8 c, *pC;       /* Last character before the first wildcard */
-      pC = (u8*)&pStr2->u.zToken[sqlite3Strlen30(pStr2->u.zToken)-1];
-      c = *pC;
-      if( noCase ){
-        /* The point is to increment the last character before the first
-        ** wildcard.  But if we increment '@', that will push it into the
-        ** alphabetic range where case conversions will mess up the 
-        ** inequality.  To avoid this, make sure to also run the full
-        ** LIKE on all candidate expressions by clearing the isComplete flag
-        */
-        if( c=='A'-1 ) isComplete = 0;
-
-        c = sqlite3UpperToLower[c];
-      }
-      *pC = c + 1;
-    }
-    pNewExpr1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_GE, sqlite3ExprDup(db,pLeft,0),pStr1,0);
-    idxNew1 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr1, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
-    testcase( idxNew1==0 );
-    exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew1);
-    pNewExpr2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LT, sqlite3ExprDup(db,pLeft,0),pStr2,0);
-    idxNew2 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr2, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
-    testcase( idxNew2==0 );
-    exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew2);
-    pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
-    if( isComplete ){
-      pWC->a[idxNew1].iParent = idxTerm;
-      pWC->a[idxNew2].iParent = idxTerm;
-      pTerm->nChild = 2;
-    }
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  /* Add a WO_MATCH auxiliary term to the constraint set if the
-  ** current expression is of the form:  column MATCH expr.
-  ** This information is used by the xBestIndex methods of
-  ** virtual tables.  The native query optimizer does not attempt
-  ** to do anything with MATCH functions.
-  */
-  if( isMatchOfColumn(pExpr) ){
-    int idxNew;
-    Expr *pRight, *pLeft;
-    WhereTerm *pNewTerm;
-    Bitmask prereqColumn, prereqExpr;
-
-    pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
-    pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
-    prereqExpr = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pRight);
-    prereqColumn = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pLeft);
-    if( (prereqExpr & prereqColumn)==0 ){
-      Expr *pNewExpr;
-      pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_MATCH, 
-                              0, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRight, 0), 0);
-      idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
-      testcase( idxNew==0 );
-      pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
-      pNewTerm->prereqRight = prereqExpr;
-      pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
-      pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
-      pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_MATCH;
-      pNewTerm->iParent = idxTerm;
-      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
-      pTerm->nChild = 1;
-      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
-      pNewTerm->prereqAll = pTerm->prereqAll;
-    }
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-  /* Prevent ON clause terms of a LEFT JOIN from being used to drive
-  ** an index for tables to the left of the join.
-  */
-  pTerm->prereqRight |= extraRight;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if any of the expressions in pList->a[iFirst...] contain
-** a reference to any table other than the iBase table.
-*/
-static int referencesOtherTables(
-  ExprList *pList,          /* Search expressions in ths list */
-  WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet,   /* Mapping from tables to bitmaps */
-  int iFirst,               /* Be searching with the iFirst-th expression */
-  int iBase                 /* Ignore references to this table */
-){
-  Bitmask allowed = ~getMask(pMaskSet, iBase);
-  while( iFirst<pList->nExpr ){
-    if( (exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pList->a[iFirst++].pExpr)&allowed)!=0 ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This routine decides if pIdx can be used to satisfy the ORDER BY
-** clause.  If it can, it returns 1.  If pIdx cannot satisfy the
-** ORDER BY clause, this routine returns 0.
-**
-** pOrderBy is an ORDER BY clause from a SELECT statement.  pTab is the
-** left-most table in the FROM clause of that same SELECT statement and
-** the table has a cursor number of "base".  pIdx is an index on pTab.
-**
-** nEqCol is the number of columns of pIdx that are used as equality
-** constraints.  Any of these columns may be missing from the ORDER BY
-** clause and the match can still be a success.
-**
-** All terms of the ORDER BY that match against the index must be either
-** ASC or DESC.  (Terms of the ORDER BY clause past the end of a UNIQUE
-** index do not need to satisfy this constraint.)  The *pbRev value is
-** set to 1 if the ORDER BY clause is all DESC and it is set to 0 if
-** the ORDER BY clause is all ASC.
-*/
-static int isSortingIndex(
-  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
-  WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, /* Mapping from table cursor numbers to bitmaps */
-  Index *pIdx,            /* The index we are testing */
-  int base,               /* Cursor number for the table to be sorted */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,     /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  int nEqCol,             /* Number of index columns with == constraints */
-  int *pbRev              /* Set to 1 if ORDER BY is DESC */
-){
-  int i, j;                       /* Loop counters */
-  int sortOrder = 0;              /* XOR of index and ORDER BY sort direction */
-  int nTerm;                      /* Number of ORDER BY terms */
-  struct ExprList_item *pTerm;    /* A term of the ORDER BY clause */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  assert( pOrderBy!=0 );
-  nTerm = pOrderBy->nExpr;
-  assert( nTerm>0 );
-
-  /* Argument pIdx must either point to a 'real' named index structure, 
-  ** or an index structure allocated on the stack by bestBtreeIndex() to
-  ** represent the rowid index that is part of every table.  */
-  assert( pIdx->zName || (pIdx->nColumn==1 && pIdx->aiColumn[0]==-1) );
-
-  /* Match terms of the ORDER BY clause against columns of
-  ** the index.
-  **
-  ** Note that indices have pIdx->nColumn regular columns plus
-  ** one additional column containing the rowid.  The rowid column
-  ** of the index is also allowed to match against the ORDER BY
-  ** clause.
-  */
-  for(i=j=0, pTerm=pOrderBy->a; j<nTerm && i<=pIdx->nColumn; i++){
-    Expr *pExpr;       /* The expression of the ORDER BY pTerm */
-    CollSeq *pColl;    /* The collating sequence of pExpr */
-    int termSortOrder; /* Sort order for this term */
-    int iColumn;       /* The i-th column of the index.  -1 for rowid */
-    int iSortOrder;    /* 1 for DESC, 0 for ASC on the i-th index term */
-    const char *zColl; /* Name of the collating sequence for i-th index term */
-
-    pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
-    if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN || pExpr->iTable!=base ){
-      /* Can not use an index sort on anything that is not a column in the
-      ** left-most table of the FROM clause */
-      break;
-    }
-    pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr);
-    if( !pColl ){
-      pColl = db->pDfltColl;
-    }
-    if( pIdx->zName && i<pIdx->nColumn ){
-      iColumn = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
-      if( iColumn==pIdx->pTable->iPKey ){
-        iColumn = -1;
-      }
-      iSortOrder = pIdx->aSortOrder[i];
-      zColl = pIdx->azColl[i];
-    }else{
-      iColumn = -1;
-      iSortOrder = 0;
-      zColl = pColl->zName;
-    }
-    if( pExpr->iColumn!=iColumn || sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, zColl) ){
-      /* Term j of the ORDER BY clause does not match column i of the index */
-      if( i<nEqCol ){
-        /* If an index column that is constrained by == fails to match an
-        ** ORDER BY term, that is OK.  Just ignore that column of the index
-        */
-        continue;
-      }else if( i==pIdx->nColumn ){
-        /* Index column i is the rowid.  All other terms match. */
-        break;
-      }else{
-        /* If an index column fails to match and is not constrained by ==
-        ** then the index cannot satisfy the ORDER BY constraint.
-        */
-        return 0;
-      }
-    }
-    assert( pIdx->aSortOrder!=0 || iColumn==-1 );
-    assert( pTerm->sortOrder==0 || pTerm->sortOrder==1 );
-    assert( iSortOrder==0 || iSortOrder==1 );
-    termSortOrder = iSortOrder ^ pTerm->sortOrder;
-    if( i>nEqCol ){
-      if( termSortOrder!=sortOrder ){
-        /* Indices can only be used if all ORDER BY terms past the
-        ** equality constraints are all either DESC or ASC. */
-        return 0;
-      }
-    }else{
-      sortOrder = termSortOrder;
-    }
-    j++;
-    pTerm++;
-    if( iColumn<0 && !referencesOtherTables(pOrderBy, pMaskSet, j, base) ){
-      /* If the indexed column is the primary key and everything matches
-      ** so far and none of the ORDER BY terms to the right reference other
-      ** tables in the join, then we are assured that the index can be used 
-      ** to sort because the primary key is unique and so none of the other
-      ** columns will make any difference
-      */
-      j = nTerm;
-    }
-  }
-
-  *pbRev = sortOrder!=0;
-  if( j>=nTerm ){
-    /* All terms of the ORDER BY clause are covered by this index so
-    ** this index can be used for sorting. */
-    return 1;
-  }
-  if( pIdx->onError!=OE_None && i==pIdx->nColumn
-      && !referencesOtherTables(pOrderBy, pMaskSet, j, base) ){
-    /* All terms of this index match some prefix of the ORDER BY clause
-    ** and the index is UNIQUE and no terms on the tail of the ORDER BY
-    ** clause reference other tables in a join.  If this is all true then
-    ** the order by clause is superfluous. */
-    return 1;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Prepare a crude estimate of the logarithm of the input value.
-** The results need not be exact.  This is only used for estimating
-** the total cost of performing operations with O(logN) or O(NlogN)
-** complexity.  Because N is just a guess, it is no great tragedy if
-** logN is a little off.
-*/
-static double estLog(double N){
-  double logN = 1;
-  double x = 10;
-  while( N>x ){
-    logN += 1;
-    x *= 10;
-  }
-  return logN;
-}
-
-/*
-** Two routines for printing the content of an sqlite3_index_info
-** structure.  Used for testing and debugging only.  If neither
-** SQLITE_TEST or SQLITE_DEBUG are defined, then these routines
-** are no-ops.
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
-static void TRACE_IDX_INPUTS(sqlite3_index_info *p){
-  int i;
-  if( !sqlite3WhereTrace ) return;
-  for(i=0; i<p->nConstraint; i++){
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("  constraint[%d]: col=%d termid=%d op=%d usabled=%d\n",
-       i,
-       p->aConstraint[i].iColumn,
-       p->aConstraint[i].iTermOffset,
-       p->aConstraint[i].op,
-       p->aConstraint[i].usable);
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<p->nOrderBy; i++){
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("  orderby[%d]: col=%d desc=%d\n",
-       i,
-       p->aOrderBy[i].iColumn,
-       p->aOrderBy[i].desc);
-  }
-}
-static void TRACE_IDX_OUTPUTS(sqlite3_index_info *p){
-  int i;
-  if( !sqlite3WhereTrace ) return;
-  for(i=0; i<p->nConstraint; i++){
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("  usage[%d]: argvIdx=%d omit=%d\n",
-       i,
-       p->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex,
-       p->aConstraintUsage[i].omit);
-  }
-  sqlite3DebugPrintf("  idxNum=%d\n", p->idxNum);
-  sqlite3DebugPrintf("  idxStr=%s\n", p->idxStr);
-  sqlite3DebugPrintf("  orderByConsumed=%d\n", p->orderByConsumed);
-  sqlite3DebugPrintf("  estimatedCost=%g\n", p->estimatedCost);
-}
-#else
-#define TRACE_IDX_INPUTS(A)
-#define TRACE_IDX_OUTPUTS(A)
-#endif
-
-/* 
-** Required because bestIndex() is called by bestOrClauseIndex() 
-*/
-static void bestIndex(
-    Parse*, WhereClause*, struct SrcList_item*, Bitmask, ExprList*, WhereCost*);
-
-/*
-** This routine attempts to find an scanning strategy that can be used 
-** to optimize an 'OR' expression that is part of a WHERE clause. 
-**
-** The table associated with FROM clause term pSrc may be either a
-** regular B-Tree table or a virtual table.
-*/
-static void bestOrClauseIndex(
-  Parse *pParse,              /* The parsing context */
-  WhereClause *pWC,           /* The WHERE clause */
-  struct SrcList_item *pSrc,  /* The FROM clause term to search */
-  Bitmask notReady,           /* Mask of cursors that are not available */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,         /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  WhereCost *pCost            /* Lowest cost query plan */
-){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION
-  const int iCur = pSrc->iCursor;   /* The cursor of the table to be accessed */
-  const Bitmask maskSrc = getMask(pWC->pMaskSet, iCur);  /* Bitmask for pSrc */
-  WhereTerm * const pWCEnd = &pWC->a[pWC->nTerm];        /* End of pWC->a[] */
-  WhereTerm *pTerm;                 /* A single term of the WHERE clause */
-
-  /* Search the WHERE clause terms for a usable WO_OR term. */
-  for(pTerm=pWC->a; pTerm<pWCEnd; pTerm++){
-    if( pTerm->eOperator==WO_OR 
-     && ((pTerm->prereqAll & ~maskSrc) & notReady)==0
-     && (pTerm->u.pOrInfo->indexable & maskSrc)!=0 
-    ){
-      WhereClause * const pOrWC = &pTerm->u.pOrInfo->wc;
-      WhereTerm * const pOrWCEnd = &pOrWC->a[pOrWC->nTerm];
-      WhereTerm *pOrTerm;
-      int flags = WHERE_MULTI_OR;
-      double rTotal = 0;
-      double nRow = 0;
-      Bitmask used = 0;
-
-      for(pOrTerm=pOrWC->a; pOrTerm<pOrWCEnd; pOrTerm++){
-        WhereCost sTermCost;
-        WHERETRACE(("... Multi-index OR testing for term %d of %d....\n", 
-          (pOrTerm - pOrWC->a), (pTerm - pWC->a)
-        ));
-        if( pOrTerm->eOperator==WO_AND ){
-          WhereClause *pAndWC = &pOrTerm->u.pAndInfo->wc;
-          bestIndex(pParse, pAndWC, pSrc, notReady, 0, &sTermCost);
-        }else if( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCur ){
-          WhereClause tempWC;
-          tempWC.pParse = pWC->pParse;
-          tempWC.pMaskSet = pWC->pMaskSet;
-          tempWC.op = TK_AND;
-          tempWC.a = pOrTerm;
-          tempWC.nTerm = 1;
-          bestIndex(pParse, &tempWC, pSrc, notReady, 0, &sTermCost);
-        }else{
-          continue;
-        }
-        rTotal += sTermCost.rCost;
-        nRow += sTermCost.nRow;
-        used |= sTermCost.used;
-        if( rTotal>=pCost->rCost ) break;
-      }
-
-      /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, increase the scan cost to account 
-      ** for the cost of the sort. */
-      if( pOrderBy!=0 ){
-        rTotal += nRow*estLog(nRow);
-        WHERETRACE(("... sorting increases OR cost to %.9g\n", rTotal));
-      }
-
-      /* If the cost of scanning using this OR term for optimization is
-      ** less than the current cost stored in pCost, replace the contents
-      ** of pCost. */
-      WHERETRACE(("... multi-index OR cost=%.9g nrow=%.9g\n", rTotal, nRow));
-      if( rTotal<pCost->rCost ){
-        pCost->rCost = rTotal;
-        pCost->nRow = nRow;
-        pCost->used = used;
-        pCost->plan.wsFlags = flags;
-        pCost->plan.u.pTerm = pTerm;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION */
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/*
-** Allocate and populate an sqlite3_index_info structure. It is the 
-** responsibility of the caller to eventually release the structure
-** by passing the pointer returned by this function to sqlite3_free().
-*/
-static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
-  Parse *pParse, 
-  WhereClause *pWC,
-  struct SrcList_item *pSrc,
-  ExprList *pOrderBy
-){
-  int i, j;
-  int nTerm;
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pIdxCons;
-  struct sqlite3_index_orderby *pIdxOrderBy;
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage *pUsage;
-  WhereTerm *pTerm;
-  int nOrderBy;
-  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo;
-
-  WHERETRACE(("Recomputing index info for %s...\n", pSrc->pTab->zName));
-
-  /* Count the number of possible WHERE clause constraints referring
-  ** to this virtual table */
-  for(i=nTerm=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
-    if( pTerm->leftCursor != pSrc->iCursor ) continue;
-    assert( (pTerm->eOperator&(pTerm->eOperator-1))==0 );
-    testcase( pTerm->eOperator==WO_IN );
-    testcase( pTerm->eOperator==WO_ISNULL );
-    if( pTerm->eOperator & (WO_IN|WO_ISNULL) ) continue;
-    nTerm++;
-  }
-
-  /* If the ORDER BY clause contains only columns in the current 
-  ** virtual table then allocate space for the aOrderBy part of
-  ** the sqlite3_index_info structure.
-  */
-  nOrderBy = 0;
-  if( pOrderBy ){
-    for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
-      Expr *pExpr = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
-      if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN || pExpr->iTable!=pSrc->iCursor ) break;
-    }
-    if( i==pOrderBy->nExpr ){
-      nOrderBy = pOrderBy->nExpr;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Allocate the sqlite3_index_info structure
-  */
-  pIdxInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*pIdxInfo)
-                           + (sizeof(*pIdxCons) + sizeof(*pUsage))*nTerm
-                           + sizeof(*pIdxOrderBy)*nOrderBy );
-  if( pIdxInfo==0 ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "out of memory");
-    /* (double)0 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Initialize the structure.  The sqlite3_index_info structure contains
-  ** many fields that are declared "const" to prevent xBestIndex from
-  ** changing them.  We have to do some funky casting in order to
-  ** initialize those fields.
-  */
-  pIdxCons = (struct sqlite3_index_constraint*)&pIdxInfo[1];
-  pIdxOrderBy = (struct sqlite3_index_orderby*)&pIdxCons[nTerm];
-  pUsage = (struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage*)&pIdxOrderBy[nOrderBy];
-  *(int*)&pIdxInfo->nConstraint = nTerm;
-  *(int*)&pIdxInfo->nOrderBy = nOrderBy;
-  *(struct sqlite3_index_constraint**)&pIdxInfo->aConstraint = pIdxCons;
-  *(struct sqlite3_index_orderby**)&pIdxInfo->aOrderBy = pIdxOrderBy;
-  *(struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage**)&pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage =
-                                                                   pUsage;
-
-  for(i=j=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
-    if( pTerm->leftCursor != pSrc->iCursor ) continue;
-    assert( (pTerm->eOperator&(pTerm->eOperator-1))==0 );
-    testcase( pTerm->eOperator==WO_IN );
-    testcase( pTerm->eOperator==WO_ISNULL );
-    if( pTerm->eOperator & (WO_IN|WO_ISNULL) ) continue;
-    pIdxCons[j].iColumn = pTerm->u.leftColumn;
-    pIdxCons[j].iTermOffset = i;
-    pIdxCons[j].op = (u8)pTerm->eOperator;
-    /* The direct assignment in the previous line is possible only because
-    ** the WO_ and SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ codes are identical.  The
-    ** following asserts verify this fact. */
-    assert( WO_EQ==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ );
-    assert( WO_LT==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT );
-    assert( WO_LE==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE );
-    assert( WO_GT==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT );
-    assert( WO_GE==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE );
-    assert( WO_MATCH==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH );
-    assert( pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_MATCH) );
-    j++;
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
-    Expr *pExpr = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
-    pIdxOrderBy[i].iColumn = pExpr->iColumn;
-    pIdxOrderBy[i].desc = pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder;
-  }
-
-  return pIdxInfo;
-}
-
-/*
-** The table object reference passed as the second argument to this function
-** must represent a virtual table. This function invokes the xBestIndex()
-** method of the virtual table with the sqlite3_index_info pointer passed
-** as the argument.
-**
-** If an error occurs, pParse is populated with an error message and a
-** non-zero value is returned. Otherwise, 0 is returned and the output
-** part of the sqlite3_index_info structure is left populated.
-**
-** Whether or not an error is returned, it is the responsibility of the
-** caller to eventually free p->idxStr if p->needToFreeIdxStr indicates
-** that this is required.
-*/
-static int vtabBestIndex(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, sqlite3_index_info *p){
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(pParse->db, pTab)->pVtab;
-  int i;
-  int rc;
-
-  WHERETRACE(("xBestIndex for %s\n", pTab->zName));
-  TRACE_IDX_INPUTS(p);
-  rc = pVtab->pModule->xBestIndex(pVtab, p);
-  TRACE_IDX_OUTPUTS(p);
-
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-      pParse->db->mallocFailed = 1;
-    }else if( !pVtab->zErrMsg ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s", pVtab->zErrMsg);
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, pVtab->zErrMsg);
-  pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-
-  for(i=0; i<p->nConstraint; i++){
-    if( !p->aConstraint[i].usable && p->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex>0 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-          "table %s: xBestIndex returned an invalid plan", pTab->zName);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return pParse->nErr;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Compute the best index for a virtual table.
-**
-** The best index is computed by the xBestIndex method of the virtual
-** table module.  This routine is really just a wrapper that sets up
-** the sqlite3_index_info structure that is used to communicate with
-** xBestIndex.
-**
-** In a join, this routine might be called multiple times for the
-** same virtual table.  The sqlite3_index_info structure is created
-** and initialized on the first invocation and reused on all subsequent
-** invocations.  The sqlite3_index_info structure is also used when
-** code is generated to access the virtual table.  The whereInfoDelete() 
-** routine takes care of freeing the sqlite3_index_info structure after
-** everybody has finished with it.
-*/
-static void bestVirtualIndex(
-  Parse *pParse,                  /* The parsing context */
-  WhereClause *pWC,               /* The WHERE clause */
-  struct SrcList_item *pSrc,      /* The FROM clause term to search */
-  Bitmask notReady,               /* Mask of cursors that are not available */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,             /* The order by clause */
-  WhereCost *pCost,               /* Lowest cost query plan */
-  sqlite3_index_info **ppIdxInfo  /* Index information passed to xBestIndex */
-){
-  Table *pTab = pSrc->pTab;
-  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo;
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pIdxCons;
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage *pUsage;
-  WhereTerm *pTerm;
-  int i, j;
-  int nOrderBy;
-
-  /* Make sure wsFlags is initialized to some sane value. Otherwise, if the 
-  ** malloc in allocateIndexInfo() fails and this function returns leaving
-  ** wsFlags in an uninitialized state, the caller may behave unpredictably.
-  */
-  memset(pCost, 0, sizeof(*pCost));
-  pCost->plan.wsFlags = WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE;
-
-  /* If the sqlite3_index_info structure has not been previously
-  ** allocated and initialized, then allocate and initialize it now.
-  */
-  pIdxInfo = *ppIdxInfo;
-  if( pIdxInfo==0 ){
-    *ppIdxInfo = pIdxInfo = allocateIndexInfo(pParse, pWC, pSrc, pOrderBy);
-  }
-  if( pIdxInfo==0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-
-  /* At this point, the sqlite3_index_info structure that pIdxInfo points
-  ** to will have been initialized, either during the current invocation or
-  ** during some prior invocation.  Now we just have to customize the
-  ** details of pIdxInfo for the current invocation and pass it to
-  ** xBestIndex.
-  */
-
-  /* The module name must be defined. Also, by this point there must
-  ** be a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure. Otherwise
-  ** sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames() would have picked up the error. 
-  */
-  assert( pTab->azModuleArg && pTab->azModuleArg[0] );
-  assert( sqlite3GetVTable(pParse->db, pTab) );
-
-  /* Set the aConstraint[].usable fields and initialize all 
-  ** output variables to zero.
-  **
-  ** aConstraint[].usable is true for constraints where the right-hand
-  ** side contains only references to tables to the left of the current
-  ** table.  In other words, if the constraint is of the form:
-  **
-  **           column = expr
-  **
-  ** and we are evaluating a join, then the constraint on column is 
-  ** only valid if all tables referenced in expr occur to the left
-  ** of the table containing column.
-  **
-  ** The aConstraints[] array contains entries for all constraints
-  ** on the current table.  That way we only have to compute it once
-  ** even though we might try to pick the best index multiple times.
-  ** For each attempt at picking an index, the order of tables in the
-  ** join might be different so we have to recompute the usable flag
-  ** each time.
-  */
-  pIdxCons = *(struct sqlite3_index_constraint**)&pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
-  pUsage = pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage;
-  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pIdxCons++){
-    j = pIdxCons->iTermOffset;
-    pTerm = &pWC->a[j];
-    pIdxCons->usable = (pTerm->prereqRight&notReady) ? 0 : 1;
-  }
-  memset(pUsage, 0, sizeof(pUsage[0])*pIdxInfo->nConstraint);
-  if( pIdxInfo->needToFreeIdxStr ){
-    sqlite3_free(pIdxInfo->idxStr);
-  }
-  pIdxInfo->idxStr = 0;
-  pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
-  pIdxInfo->needToFreeIdxStr = 0;
-  pIdxInfo->orderByConsumed = 0;
-  /* ((double)2) In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
-  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = SQLITE_BIG_DBL / ((double)2);
-  nOrderBy = pIdxInfo->nOrderBy;
-  if( !pOrderBy ){
-    pIdxInfo->nOrderBy = 0;
-  }
-
-  if( vtabBestIndex(pParse, pTab, pIdxInfo) ){
-    return;
-  }
-
-  pIdxCons = *(struct sqlite3_index_constraint**)&pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
-  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
-    if( pUsage[i].argvIndex>0 ){
-      pCost->used |= pWC->a[pIdxCons[i].iTermOffset].prereqRight;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* The cost is not allowed to be larger than SQLITE_BIG_DBL (the
-  ** inital value of lowestCost in this loop. If it is, then the
-  ** (cost<lowestCost) test below will never be true.
-  ** 
-  ** Use "(double)2" instead of "2.0" in case OMIT_FLOATING_POINT 
-  ** is defined.
-  */
-  if( (SQLITE_BIG_DBL/((double)2))<pIdxInfo->estimatedCost ){
-    pCost->rCost = (SQLITE_BIG_DBL/((double)2));
-  }else{
-    pCost->rCost = pIdxInfo->estimatedCost;
-  }
-  pCost->plan.u.pVtabIdx = pIdxInfo;
-  if( pIdxInfo->orderByConsumed ){
-    pCost->plan.wsFlags |= WHERE_ORDERBY;
-  }
-  pCost->plan.nEq = 0;
-  pIdxInfo->nOrderBy = nOrderBy;
-
-  /* Try to find a more efficient access pattern by using multiple indexes
-  ** to optimize an OR expression within the WHERE clause. 
-  */
-  bestOrClauseIndex(pParse, pWC, pSrc, notReady, pOrderBy, pCost);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-/*
-** Argument pIdx is a pointer to an index structure that has an array of
-** SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES evenly spaced samples of the first indexed column
-** stored in Index.aSample. The domain of values stored in said column
-** may be thought of as divided into (SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES+1) regions.
-** Region 0 contains all values smaller than the first sample value. Region
-** 1 contains values larger than or equal to the value of the first sample,
-** but smaller than the value of the second. And so on.
-**
-** If successful, this function determines which of the regions value 
-** pVal lies in, sets *piRegion to the region index (a value between 0
-** and SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES+1, inclusive) and returns SQLITE_OK.
-** Or, if an OOM occurs while converting text values between encodings,
-** SQLITE_NOMEM is returned and *piRegion is undefined.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-static int whereRangeRegion(
-  Parse *pParse,              /* Database connection */
-  Index *pIdx,                /* Index to consider domain of */
-  sqlite3_value *pVal,        /* Value to consider */
-  int *piRegion               /* OUT: Region of domain in which value lies */
-){
-  if( ALWAYS(pVal) ){
-    IndexSample *aSample = pIdx->aSample;
-    int i = 0;
-    int eType = sqlite3_value_type(pVal);
-
-    if( eType==SQLITE_INTEGER || eType==SQLITE_FLOAT ){
-      double r = sqlite3_value_double(pVal);
-      for(i=0; i<SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES; i++){
-        if( aSample[i].eType==SQLITE_NULL ) continue;
-        if( aSample[i].eType>=SQLITE_TEXT || aSample[i].u.r>r ) break;
-      }
-    }else{ 
-      sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-      CollSeq *pColl;
-      const u8 *z;
-      int n;
-
-      /* pVal comes from sqlite3ValueFromExpr() so the type cannot be NULL */
-      assert( eType==SQLITE_TEXT || eType==SQLITE_BLOB );
-
-      if( eType==SQLITE_BLOB ){
-        z = (const u8 *)sqlite3_value_blob(pVal);
-        pColl = db->pDfltColl;
-        assert( pColl->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 );
-      }else{
-        pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(db, SQLITE_UTF8, 0, *pIdx->azColl);
-        if( pColl==0 ){
-          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such collation sequence: %s",
-                          *pIdx->azColl);
-          return SQLITE_ERROR;
-        }
-        z = (const u8 *)sqlite3ValueText(pVal, pColl->enc);
-        if( !z ){
-          return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        }
-        assert( z && pColl && pColl->xCmp );
-      }
-      n = sqlite3ValueBytes(pVal, pColl->enc);
-
-      for(i=0; i<SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES; i++){
-        int r;
-        int eSampletype = aSample[i].eType;
-        if( eSampletype==SQLITE_NULL || eSampletype<eType ) continue;
-        if( (eSampletype!=eType) ) break;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-        if( pColl->enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-          int nSample;
-          char *zSample = sqlite3Utf8to16(
-              db, pColl->enc, aSample[i].u.z, aSample[i].nByte, &nSample
-          );
-          if( !zSample ){
-            assert( db->mallocFailed );
-            return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-          }
-          r = pColl->xCmp(pColl->pUser, nSample, zSample, n, z);
-          sqlite3DbFree(db, zSample);
-        }else
-#endif
-        {
-          r = pColl->xCmp(pColl->pUser, aSample[i].nByte, aSample[i].u.z, n, z);
-        }
-        if( r>0 ) break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    assert( i>=0 && i<=SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES );
-    *piRegion = i;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif   /* #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2 */
-
-/*
-** If expression pExpr represents a literal value, set *pp to point to
-** an sqlite3_value structure containing the same value, with affinity
-** aff applied to it, before returning. It is the responsibility of the 
-** caller to eventually release this structure by passing it to 
-** sqlite3ValueFree().
-**
-** If the current parse is a recompile (sqlite3Reprepare()) and pExpr
-** is an SQL variable that currently has a non-NULL value bound to it,
-** create an sqlite3_value structure containing this value, again with
-** affinity aff applied to it, instead.
-**
-** If neither of the above apply, set *pp to NULL.
-**
-** If an error occurs, return an error code. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-static int valueFromExpr(
-  Parse *pParse, 
-  Expr *pExpr, 
-  u8 aff, 
-  sqlite3_value **pp
-){
-  /* The evalConstExpr() function will have already converted any TK_VARIABLE
-  ** expression involved in an comparison into a TK_REGISTER. */
-  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_VARIABLE );
-  if( pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER && pExpr->op2==TK_VARIABLE ){
-    int iVar = pExpr->iColumn;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, iVar);
-    *pp = sqlite3VdbeGetValue(pParse->pReprepare, iVar, aff);
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  return sqlite3ValueFromExpr(pParse->db, pExpr, SQLITE_UTF8, aff, pp);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This function is used to estimate the number of rows that will be visited
-** by scanning an index for a range of values. The range may have an upper
-** bound, a lower bound, or both. The WHERE clause terms that set the upper
-** and lower bounds are represented by pLower and pUpper respectively. For
-** example, assuming that index p is on t1(a):
-**
-**   ... FROM t1 WHERE a > ? AND a < ? ...
-**                    |_____|   |_____|
-**                       |         |
-**                     pLower    pUpper
-**
-** If either of the upper or lower bound is not present, then NULL is passed in
-** place of the corresponding WhereTerm.
-**
-** The nEq parameter is passed the index of the index column subject to the
-** range constraint. Or, equivalently, the number of equality constraints
-** optimized by the proposed index scan. For example, assuming index p is
-** on t1(a, b), and the SQL query is:
-**
-**   ... FROM t1 WHERE a = ? AND b > ? AND b < ? ...
-**
-** then nEq should be passed the value 1 (as the range restricted column,
-** b, is the second left-most column of the index). Or, if the query is:
-**
-**   ... FROM t1 WHERE a > ? AND a < ? ...
-**
-** then nEq should be passed 0.
-**
-** The returned value is an integer between 1 and 100, inclusive. A return
-** value of 1 indicates that the proposed range scan is expected to visit
-** approximately 1/100th (1%) of the rows selected by the nEq equality
-** constraints (if any). A return value of 100 indicates that it is expected
-** that the range scan will visit every row (100%) selected by the equality
-** constraints.
-**
-** In the absence of sqlite_stat2 ANALYZE data, each range inequality
-** reduces the search space by 2/3rds.  Hence a single constraint (x>?)
-** results in a return of 33 and a range constraint (x>? AND x<?) results
-** in a return of 11.
-*/
-static int whereRangeScanEst(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing & code generating context */
-  Index *p,            /* The index containing the range-compared column; "x" */
-  int nEq,             /* index into p->aCol[] of the range-compared column */
-  WhereTerm *pLower,   /* Lower bound on the range. ex: "x>123" Might be NULL */
-  WhereTerm *pUpper,   /* Upper bound on the range. ex: "x<455" Might be NULL */
-  int *piEst           /* OUT: Return value */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
-
-  if( nEq==0 && p->aSample ){
-    sqlite3_value *pLowerVal = 0;
-    sqlite3_value *pUpperVal = 0;
-    int iEst;
-    int iLower = 0;
-    int iUpper = SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES;
-    u8 aff = p->pTable->aCol[p->aiColumn[0]].affinity;
-
-    if( pLower ){
-      Expr *pExpr = pLower->pExpr->pRight;
-      rc = valueFromExpr(pParse, pExpr, aff, &pLowerVal);
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pUpper ){
-      Expr *pExpr = pUpper->pExpr->pRight;
-      rc = valueFromExpr(pParse, pExpr, aff, &pUpperVal);
-    }
-
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || (pLowerVal==0 && pUpperVal==0) ){
-      sqlite3ValueFree(pLowerVal);
-      sqlite3ValueFree(pUpperVal);
-      goto range_est_fallback;
-    }else if( pLowerVal==0 ){
-      rc = whereRangeRegion(pParse, p, pUpperVal, &iUpper);
-      if( pLower ) iLower = iUpper/2;
-    }else if( pUpperVal==0 ){
-      rc = whereRangeRegion(pParse, p, pLowerVal, &iLower);
-      if( pUpper ) iUpper = (iLower + SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES + 1)/2;
-    }else{
-      rc = whereRangeRegion(pParse, p, pUpperVal, &iUpper);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = whereRangeRegion(pParse, p, pLowerVal, &iLower);
-      }
-    }
-
-    iEst = iUpper - iLower;
-    testcase( iEst==SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES );
-    assert( iEst<=SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES );
-    if( iEst<1 ){
-      iEst = 1;
-    }
-
-    sqlite3ValueFree(pLowerVal);
-    sqlite3ValueFree(pUpperVal);
-    *piEst = (iEst * 100)/SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES;
-    return rc;
-  }
-range_est_fallback:
-#else
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pParse);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(p);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nEq);
-#endif
-  assert( pLower || pUpper );
-  if( pLower && pUpper ){
-    *piEst = 11;
-  }else{
-    *piEst = 33;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Find the query plan for accessing a particular table.  Write the
-** best query plan and its cost into the WhereCost object supplied as the
-** last parameter.
-**
-** The lowest cost plan wins.  The cost is an estimate of the amount of
-** CPU and disk I/O need to process the request using the selected plan.
-** Factors that influence cost include:
-**
-**    *  The estimated number of rows that will be retrieved.  (The
-**       fewer the better.)
-**
-**    *  Whether or not sorting must occur.
-**
-**    *  Whether or not there must be separate lookups in the
-**       index and in the main table.
-**
-** If there was an INDEXED BY clause (pSrc->pIndex) attached to the table in
-** the SQL statement, then this function only considers plans using the 
-** named index. If no such plan is found, then the returned cost is
-** SQLITE_BIG_DBL. If a plan is found that uses the named index, 
-** then the cost is calculated in the usual way.
-**
-** If a NOT INDEXED clause (pSrc->notIndexed!=0) was attached to the table 
-** in the SELECT statement, then no indexes are considered. However, the 
-** selected plan may still take advantage of the tables built-in rowid
-** index.
-*/
-static void bestBtreeIndex(
-  Parse *pParse,              /* The parsing context */
-  WhereClause *pWC,           /* The WHERE clause */
-  struct SrcList_item *pSrc,  /* The FROM clause term to search */
-  Bitmask notReady,           /* Mask of cursors that are not available */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,         /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  WhereCost *pCost            /* Lowest cost query plan */
-){
-  int iCur = pSrc->iCursor;   /* The cursor of the table to be accessed */
-  Index *pProbe;              /* An index we are evaluating */
-  Index *pIdx;                /* Copy of pProbe, or zero for IPK index */
-  int eqTermMask;             /* Current mask of valid equality operators */
-  int idxEqTermMask;          /* Index mask of valid equality operators */
-  Index sPk;                  /* A fake index object for the primary key */
-  unsigned int aiRowEstPk[2]; /* The aiRowEst[] value for the sPk index */
-  int aiColumnPk = -1;        /* The aColumn[] value for the sPk index */
-  int wsFlagMask;             /* Allowed flags in pCost->plan.wsFlag */
-
-  /* Initialize the cost to a worst-case value */
-  memset(pCost, 0, sizeof(*pCost));
-  pCost->rCost = SQLITE_BIG_DBL;
-
-  /* If the pSrc table is the right table of a LEFT JOIN then we may not
-  ** use an index to satisfy IS NULL constraints on that table.  This is
-  ** because columns might end up being NULL if the table does not match -
-  ** a circumstance which the index cannot help us discover.  Ticket #2177.
-  */
-  if( pSrc->jointype & JT_LEFT ){
-    idxEqTermMask = WO_EQ|WO_IN;
-  }else{
-    idxEqTermMask = WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_ISNULL;
-  }
-
-  if( pSrc->pIndex ){
-    /* An INDEXED BY clause specifies a particular index to use */
-    pIdx = pProbe = pSrc->pIndex;
-    wsFlagMask = ~(WHERE_ROWID_EQ|WHERE_ROWID_RANGE);
-    eqTermMask = idxEqTermMask;
-  }else{
-    /* There is no INDEXED BY clause.  Create a fake Index object to
-    ** represent the primary key */
-    Index *pFirst;                /* Any other index on the table */
-    memset(&sPk, 0, sizeof(Index));
-    sPk.nColumn = 1;
-    sPk.aiColumn = &aiColumnPk;
-    sPk.aiRowEst = aiRowEstPk;
-    aiRowEstPk[1] = 1;
-    sPk.onError = OE_Replace;
-    sPk.pTable = pSrc->pTab;
-    pFirst = pSrc->pTab->pIndex;
-    if( pSrc->notIndexed==0 ){
-      sPk.pNext = pFirst;
-    }
-    /* The aiRowEstPk[0] is an estimate of the total number of rows in the
-    ** table.  Get this information from the ANALYZE information if it is
-    ** available.  If not available, assume the table 1 million rows in size.
-    */
-    if( pFirst ){
-      assert( pFirst->aiRowEst!=0 ); /* Allocated together with pFirst */
-      aiRowEstPk[0] = pFirst->aiRowEst[0];
-    }else{
-      aiRowEstPk[0] = 1000000;
-    }
-    pProbe = &sPk;
-    wsFlagMask = ~(
-        WHERE_COLUMN_IN|WHERE_COLUMN_EQ|WHERE_COLUMN_NULL|WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE
-    );
-    eqTermMask = WO_EQ|WO_IN;
-    pIdx = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Loop over all indices looking for the best one to use
-  */
-  for(; pProbe; pIdx=pProbe=pProbe->pNext){
-    const unsigned int * const aiRowEst = pProbe->aiRowEst;
-    double cost;                /* Cost of using pProbe */
-    double nRow;                /* Estimated number of rows in result set */
-    int rev;                    /* True to scan in reverse order */
-    int wsFlags = 0;
-    Bitmask used = 0;
-
-    /* The following variables are populated based on the properties of
-    ** scan being evaluated. They are then used to determine the expected
-    ** cost and number of rows returned.
-    **
-    **  nEq: 
-    **    Number of equality terms that can be implemented using the index.
-    **
-    **  nInMul:  
-    **    The "in-multiplier". This is an estimate of how many seek operations 
-    **    SQLite must perform on the index in question. For example, if the 
-    **    WHERE clause is:
-    **
-    **      WHERE a IN (1, 2, 3) AND b IN (4, 5, 6)
-    **
-    **    SQLite must perform 9 lookups on an index on (a, b), so nInMul is 
-    **    set to 9. Given the same schema and either of the following WHERE 
-    **    clauses:
-    **
-    **      WHERE a =  1
-    **      WHERE a >= 2
-    **
-    **    nInMul is set to 1.
-    **
-    **    If there exists a WHERE term of the form "x IN (SELECT ...)", then 
-    **    the sub-select is assumed to return 25 rows for the purposes of 
-    **    determining nInMul.
-    **
-    **  bInEst:  
-    **    Set to true if there was at least one "x IN (SELECT ...)" term used 
-    **    in determining the value of nInMul.
-    **
-    **  nBound:
-    **    An estimate on the amount of the table that must be searched.  A
-    **    value of 100 means the entire table is searched.  Range constraints
-    **    might reduce this to a value less than 100 to indicate that only
-    **    a fraction of the table needs searching.  In the absence of
-    **    sqlite_stat2 ANALYZE data, a single inequality reduces the search
-    **    space to 1/3rd its original size.  So an x>? constraint reduces
-    **    nBound to 33.  Two constraints (x>? AND x<?) reduce nBound to 11.
-    **
-    **  bSort:   
-    **    Boolean. True if there is an ORDER BY clause that will require an 
-    **    external sort (i.e. scanning the index being evaluated will not 
-    **    correctly order records).
-    **
-    **  bLookup: 
-    **    Boolean. True if for each index entry visited a lookup on the 
-    **    corresponding table b-tree is required. This is always false 
-    **    for the rowid index. For other indexes, it is true unless all the 
-    **    columns of the table used by the SELECT statement are present in 
-    **    the index (such an index is sometimes described as a covering index).
-    **    For example, given the index on (a, b), the second of the following 
-    **    two queries requires table b-tree lookups, but the first does not.
-    **
-    **             SELECT a, b    FROM tbl WHERE a = 1;
-    **             SELECT a, b, c FROM tbl WHERE a = 1;
-    */
-    int nEq;
-    int bInEst = 0;
-    int nInMul = 1;
-    int nBound = 100;
-    int bSort = 0;
-    int bLookup = 0;
-
-    /* Determine the values of nEq and nInMul */
-    for(nEq=0; nEq<pProbe->nColumn; nEq++){
-      WhereTerm *pTerm;           /* A single term of the WHERE clause */
-      int j = pProbe->aiColumn[nEq];
-      pTerm = findTerm(pWC, iCur, j, notReady, eqTermMask, pIdx);
-      if( pTerm==0 ) break;
-      wsFlags |= (WHERE_COLUMN_EQ|WHERE_ROWID_EQ);
-      if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN ){
-        Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
-        wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_IN;
-        if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-          nInMul *= 25;
-          bInEst = 1;
-        }else if( pExpr->x.pList ){
-          nInMul *= pExpr->x.pList->nExpr + 1;
-        }
-      }else if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL ){
-        wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_NULL;
-      }
-      used |= pTerm->prereqRight;
-    }
-
-    /* Determine the value of nBound. */
-    if( nEq<pProbe->nColumn ){
-      int j = pProbe->aiColumn[nEq];
-      if( findTerm(pWC, iCur, j, notReady, WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE, pIdx) ){
-        WhereTerm *pTop = findTerm(pWC, iCur, j, notReady, WO_LT|WO_LE, pIdx);
-        WhereTerm *pBtm = findTerm(pWC, iCur, j, notReady, WO_GT|WO_GE, pIdx);
-        whereRangeScanEst(pParse, pProbe, nEq, pBtm, pTop, &nBound);
-        if( pTop ){
-          wsFlags |= WHERE_TOP_LIMIT;
-          used |= pTop->prereqRight;
-        }
-        if( pBtm ){
-          wsFlags |= WHERE_BTM_LIMIT;
-          used |= pBtm->prereqRight;
-        }
-        wsFlags |= (WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE|WHERE_ROWID_RANGE);
-      }
-    }else if( pProbe->onError!=OE_None ){
-      testcase( wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_IN );
-      testcase( wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_NULL );
-      if( (wsFlags & (WHERE_COLUMN_IN|WHERE_COLUMN_NULL))==0 ){
-        wsFlags |= WHERE_UNIQUE;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* If there is an ORDER BY clause and the index being considered will
-    ** naturally scan rows in the required order, set the appropriate flags
-    ** in wsFlags. Otherwise, if there is an ORDER BY clause but the index
-    ** will scan rows in a different order, set the bSort variable.  */
-    if( pOrderBy ){
-      if( (wsFlags & (WHERE_COLUMN_IN|WHERE_COLUMN_NULL))==0
-        && isSortingIndex(pParse,pWC->pMaskSet,pProbe,iCur,pOrderBy,nEq,&rev)
-      ){
-        wsFlags |= WHERE_ROWID_RANGE|WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE|WHERE_ORDERBY;
-        wsFlags |= (rev ? WHERE_REVERSE : 0);
-      }else{
-        bSort = 1;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* If currently calculating the cost of using an index (not the IPK
-    ** index), determine if all required column data may be obtained without 
-    ** seeking to entries in the main table (i.e. if the index is a covering
-    ** index for this query). If it is, set the WHERE_IDX_ONLY flag in
-    ** wsFlags. Otherwise, set the bLookup variable to true.  */
-    if( pIdx && wsFlags ){
-      Bitmask m = pSrc->colUsed;
-      int j;
-      for(j=0; j<pIdx->nColumn; j++){
-        int x = pIdx->aiColumn[j];
-        if( x<BMS-1 ){
-          m &= ~(((Bitmask)1)<<x);
-        }
-      }
-      if( m==0 ){
-        wsFlags |= WHERE_IDX_ONLY;
-      }else{
-        bLookup = 1;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**** Begin adding up the cost of using this index (Needs improvements)
-    **
-    ** Estimate the number of rows of output.  For an IN operator,
-    ** do not let the estimate exceed half the rows in the table.
-    */
-    nRow = (double)(aiRowEst[nEq] * nInMul);
-    if( bInEst && nRow*2>aiRowEst[0] ){
-      nRow = aiRowEst[0]/2;
-      nInMul = (int)(nRow / aiRowEst[nEq]);
-    }
-
-    /* Assume constant cost to access a row and logarithmic cost to
-    ** do a binary search.  Hence, the initial cost is the number of output
-    ** rows plus log2(table-size) times the number of binary searches.
-    */
-    cost = nRow + nInMul*estLog(aiRowEst[0]);
-
-    /* Adjust the number of rows and the cost downward to reflect rows
-    ** that are excluded by range constraints.
-    */
-    nRow = (nRow * (double)nBound) / (double)100;
-    cost = (cost * (double)nBound) / (double)100;
-
-    /* Add in the estimated cost of sorting the result
-    */
-    if( bSort ){
-      cost += cost*estLog(cost);
-    }
-
-    /* If all information can be taken directly from the index, we avoid
-    ** doing table lookups.  This reduces the cost by half.  (Not really -
-    ** this needs to be fixed.)
-    */
-    if( pIdx && bLookup==0 ){
-      cost /= (double)2;
-    }
-    /**** Cost of using this index has now been computed ****/
-
-    WHERETRACE((
-      "tbl=%s idx=%s nEq=%d nInMul=%d nBound=%d bSort=%d bLookup=%d"
-      " wsFlags=%d   (nRow=%.2f cost=%.2f)\n",
-      pSrc->pTab->zName, (pIdx ? pIdx->zName : "ipk"), 
-      nEq, nInMul, nBound, bSort, bLookup, wsFlags, nRow, cost
-    ));
-
-    /* If this index is the best we have seen so far, then record this
-    ** index and its cost in the pCost structure.
-    */
-    if( (!pIdx || wsFlags) && cost<pCost->rCost ){
-      pCost->rCost = cost;
-      pCost->nRow = nRow;
-      pCost->used = used;
-      pCost->plan.wsFlags = (wsFlags&wsFlagMask);
-      pCost->plan.nEq = nEq;
-      pCost->plan.u.pIdx = pIdx;
-    }
-
-    /* If there was an INDEXED BY clause, then only that one index is
-    ** considered. */
-    if( pSrc->pIndex ) break;
-
-    /* Reset masks for the next index in the loop */
-    wsFlagMask = ~(WHERE_ROWID_EQ|WHERE_ROWID_RANGE);
-    eqTermMask = idxEqTermMask;
-  }
-
-  /* If there is no ORDER BY clause and the SQLITE_ReverseOrder flag
-  ** is set, then reverse the order that the index will be scanned
-  ** in. This is used for application testing, to help find cases
-  ** where application behaviour depends on the (undefined) order that
-  ** SQLite outputs rows in in the absence of an ORDER BY clause.  */
-  if( !pOrderBy && pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_ReverseOrder ){
-    pCost->plan.wsFlags |= WHERE_REVERSE;
-  }
-
-  assert( pOrderBy || (pCost->plan.wsFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY)==0 );
-  assert( pCost->plan.u.pIdx==0 || (pCost->plan.wsFlags&WHERE_ROWID_EQ)==0 );
-  assert( pSrc->pIndex==0 
-       || pCost->plan.u.pIdx==0 
-       || pCost->plan.u.pIdx==pSrc->pIndex 
-  );
-
-  WHERETRACE(("best index is: %s\n", 
-    (pCost->plan.u.pIdx ? pCost->plan.u.pIdx->zName : "ipk")
-  ));
-  
-  bestOrClauseIndex(pParse, pWC, pSrc, notReady, pOrderBy, pCost);
-  pCost->plan.wsFlags |= eqTermMask;
-}
-
-/*
-** Find the query plan for accessing table pSrc->pTab. Write the
-** best query plan and its cost into the WhereCost object supplied 
-** as the last parameter. This function may calculate the cost of
-** both real and virtual table scans.
-*/
-static void bestIndex(
-  Parse *pParse,              /* The parsing context */
-  WhereClause *pWC,           /* The WHERE clause */
-  struct SrcList_item *pSrc,  /* The FROM clause term to search */
-  Bitmask notReady,           /* Mask of cursors that are not available */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,         /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  WhereCost *pCost            /* Lowest cost query plan */
-){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if( IsVirtual(pSrc->pTab) ){
-    sqlite3_index_info *p = 0;
-    bestVirtualIndex(pParse, pWC, pSrc, notReady, pOrderBy, pCost, &p);
-    if( p->needToFreeIdxStr ){
-      sqlite3_free(p->idxStr);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, p);
-  }else
-#endif
-  {
-    bestBtreeIndex(pParse, pWC, pSrc, notReady, pOrderBy, pCost);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Disable a term in the WHERE clause.  Except, do not disable the term
-** if it controls a LEFT OUTER JOIN and it did not originate in the ON
-** or USING clause of that join.
-**
-** Consider the term t2.z='ok' in the following queries:
-**
-**   (1)  SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.x WHERE t2.z='ok'
-**   (2)  SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.x AND t2.z='ok'
-**   (3)  SELECT * FROM t1, t2 WHERE t1.a=t2.x AND t2.z='ok'
-**
-** The t2.z='ok' is disabled in the in (2) because it originates
-** in the ON clause.  The term is disabled in (3) because it is not part
-** of a LEFT OUTER JOIN.  In (1), the term is not disabled.
-**
-** Disabling a term causes that term to not be tested in the inner loop
-** of the join.  Disabling is an optimization.  When terms are satisfied
-** by indices, we disable them to prevent redundant tests in the inner
-** loop.  We would get the correct results if nothing were ever disabled,
-** but joins might run a little slower.  The trick is to disable as much
-** as we can without disabling too much.  If we disabled in (1), we'd get
-** the wrong answer.  See ticket #813.
-*/
-static void disableTerm(WhereLevel *pLevel, WhereTerm *pTerm){
-  if( pTerm
-      && ALWAYS((pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)==0)
-      && (pLevel->iLeftJoin==0 || ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin))
-  ){
-    pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
-    if( pTerm->iParent>=0 ){
-      WhereTerm *pOther = &pTerm->pWC->a[pTerm->iParent];
-      if( (--pOther->nChild)==0 ){
-        disableTerm(pLevel, pOther);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Code an OP_Affinity opcode to apply the column affinity string zAff
-** to the n registers starting at base. 
-**
-** As an optimization, SQLITE_AFF_NONE entries (which are no-ops) at the
-** beginning and end of zAff are ignored.  If all entries in zAff are
-** SQLITE_AFF_NONE, then no code gets generated.
-**
-** This routine makes its own copy of zAff so that the caller is free
-** to modify zAff after this routine returns.
-*/
-static void codeApplyAffinity(Parse *pParse, int base, int n, char *zAff){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  if( zAff==0 ){
-    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( v!=0 );
-
-  /* Adjust base and n to skip over SQLITE_AFF_NONE entries at the beginning
-  ** and end of the affinity string.
-  */
-  while( n>0 && zAff[0]==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
-    n--;
-    base++;
-    zAff++;
-  }
-  while( n>1 && zAff[n-1]==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
-    n--;
-  }
-
-  /* Code the OP_Affinity opcode if there is anything left to do. */
-  if( n>0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, base, n);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, zAff, n);
-    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, base, n);
-  }
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Generate code for a single equality term of the WHERE clause.  An equality
-** term can be either X=expr or X IN (...).   pTerm is the term to be 
-** coded.
-**
-** The current value for the constraint is left in register iReg.
-**
-** For a constraint of the form X=expr, the expression is evaluated and its
-** result is left on the stack.  For constraints of the form X IN (...)
-** this routine sets up a loop that will iterate over all values of X.
-*/
-static int codeEqualityTerm(
-  Parse *pParse,      /* The parsing context */
-  WhereTerm *pTerm,   /* The term of the WHERE clause to be coded */
-  WhereLevel *pLevel, /* When level of the FROM clause we are working on */
-  int iTarget         /* Attempt to leave results in this register */
-){
-  Expr *pX = pTerm->pExpr;
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int iReg;                  /* Register holding results */
-
-  assert( iTarget>0 );
-  if( pX->op==TK_EQ ){
-    iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pX->pRight, iTarget);
-  }else if( pX->op==TK_ISNULL ){
-    iReg = iTarget;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, iReg);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-  }else{
-    int eType;
-    int iTab;
-    struct InLoop *pIn;
-
-    assert( pX->op==TK_IN );
-    iReg = iTarget;
-    eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, 0);
-    iTab = pX->iTable;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iTab, 0);
-    assert( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE );
-    if( pLevel->u.in.nIn==0 ){
-      pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-    }
-    pLevel->u.in.nIn++;
-    pLevel->u.in.aInLoop =
-       sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pParse->db, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop,
-                              sizeof(pLevel->u.in.aInLoop[0])*pLevel->u.in.nIn);
-    pIn = pLevel->u.in.aInLoop;
-    if( pIn ){
-      pIn += pLevel->u.in.nIn - 1;
-      pIn->iCur = iTab;
-      if( eType==IN_INDEX_ROWID ){
-        pIn->addrInTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iTab, iReg);
-      }else{
-        pIn->addrInTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iTab, 0, iReg);
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, iReg);
-    }else{
-      pLevel->u.in.nIn = 0;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  disableTerm(pLevel, pTerm);
-  return iReg;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code that will evaluate all == and IN constraints for an
-** index.
-**
-** For example, consider table t1(a,b,c,d,e,f) with index i1(a,b,c).
-** Suppose the WHERE clause is this:  a==5 AND b IN (1,2,3) AND c>5 AND c<10
-** The index has as many as three equality constraints, but in this
-** example, the third "c" value is an inequality.  So only two 
-** constraints are coded.  This routine will generate code to evaluate
-** a==5 and b IN (1,2,3).  The current values for a and b will be stored
-** in consecutive registers and the index of the first register is returned.
-**
-** In the example above nEq==2.  But this subroutine works for any value
-** of nEq including 0.  If nEq==0, this routine is nearly a no-op.
-** The only thing it does is allocate the pLevel->iMem memory cell and
-** compute the affinity string.
-**
-** This routine always allocates at least one memory cell and returns
-** the index of that memory cell. The code that
-** calls this routine will use that memory cell to store the termination
-** key value of the loop.  If one or more IN operators appear, then
-** this routine allocates an additional nEq memory cells for internal
-** use.
-**
-** Before returning, *pzAff is set to point to a buffer containing a
-** copy of the column affinity string of the index allocated using
-** sqlite3DbMalloc(). Except, entries in the copy of the string associated
-** with equality constraints that use NONE affinity are set to
-** SQLITE_AFF_NONE. This is to deal with SQL such as the following:
-**
-**   CREATE TABLE t1(a TEXT PRIMARY KEY, b);
-**   SELECT ... FROM t1 AS t2, t1 WHERE t1.a = t2.b;
-**
-** In the example above, the index on t1(a) has TEXT affinity. But since
-** the right hand side of the equality constraint (t2.b) has NONE affinity,
-** no conversion should be attempted before using a t2.b value as part of
-** a key to search the index. Hence the first byte in the returned affinity
-** string in this example would be set to SQLITE_AFF_NONE.
-*/
-static int codeAllEqualityTerms(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
-  WhereLevel *pLevel,   /* Which nested loop of the FROM we are coding */
-  WhereClause *pWC,     /* The WHERE clause */
-  Bitmask notReady,     /* Which parts of FROM have not yet been coded */
-  int nExtraReg,        /* Number of extra registers to allocate */
-  char **pzAff          /* OUT: Set to point to affinity string */
-){
-  int nEq = pLevel->plan.nEq;   /* The number of == or IN constraints to code */
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;      /* The vm under construction */
-  Index *pIdx;                  /* The index being used for this loop */
-  int iCur = pLevel->iTabCur;   /* The cursor of the table */
-  WhereTerm *pTerm;             /* A single constraint term */
-  int j;                        /* Loop counter */
-  int regBase;                  /* Base register */
-  int nReg;                     /* Number of registers to allocate */
-  char *zAff;                   /* Affinity string to return */
-
-  /* This module is only called on query plans that use an index. */
-  assert( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED );
-  pIdx = pLevel->plan.u.pIdx;
-
-  /* Figure out how many memory cells we will need then allocate them.
-  */
-  regBase = pParse->nMem + 1;
-  nReg = pLevel->plan.nEq + nExtraReg;
-  pParse->nMem += nReg;
-
-  zAff = sqlite3DbStrDup(pParse->db, sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(v, pIdx));
-  if( !zAff ){
-    pParse->db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Evaluate the equality constraints
-  */
-  assert( pIdx->nColumn>=nEq );
-  for(j=0; j<nEq; j++){
-    int r1;
-    int k = pIdx->aiColumn[j];
-    pTerm = findTerm(pWC, iCur, k, notReady, pLevel->plan.wsFlags, pIdx);
-    if( NEVER(pTerm==0) ) break;
-    assert( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)==0 );
-    r1 = codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, regBase+j);
-    if( r1!=regBase+j ){
-      if( nReg==1 ){
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regBase);
-        regBase = r1;
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, r1, regBase+j);
-      }
-    }
-    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
-    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN );
-    if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_ISNULL|WO_IN))==0 ){
-      Expr *pRight = pTerm->pExpr->pRight;
-      sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(v, pRight, regBase+j, pLevel->addrBrk);
-      if( zAff ){
-        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zAff[j])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
-          zAff[j] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-        }
-        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zAff[j]) ){
-          zAff[j] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  *pzAff = zAff;
-  return regBase;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate code for the start of the iLevel-th loop in the WHERE clause
-** implementation described by pWInfo.
-*/
-static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo,   /* Complete information about the WHERE clause */
-  int iLevel,          /* Which level of pWInfo->a[] should be coded */
-  u16 wctrlFlags,      /* One of the WHERE_* flags defined in sqliteInt.h */
-  Bitmask notReady     /* Which tables are currently available */
-){
-  int j, k;            /* Loop counters */
-  int iCur;            /* The VDBE cursor for the table */
-  int addrNxt;         /* Where to jump to continue with the next IN case */
-  int omitTable;       /* True if we use the index only */
-  int bRev;            /* True if we need to scan in reverse order */
-  WhereLevel *pLevel;  /* The where level to be coded */
-  WhereClause *pWC;    /* Decomposition of the entire WHERE clause */
-  WhereTerm *pTerm;               /* A WHERE clause term */
-  Parse *pParse;                  /* Parsing context */
-  Vdbe *v;                        /* The prepared stmt under constructions */
-  struct SrcList_item *pTabItem;  /* FROM clause term being coded */
-  int addrBrk;                    /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
-  int addrCont;                   /* Jump here to continue with next cycle */
-  int iRowidReg = 0;        /* Rowid is stored in this register, if not zero */
-  int iReleaseReg = 0;      /* Temp register to free before returning */
-
-  pParse = pWInfo->pParse;
-  v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  pWC = pWInfo->pWC;
-  pLevel = &pWInfo->a[iLevel];
-  pTabItem = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
-  iCur = pTabItem->iCursor;
-  bRev = (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_REVERSE)!=0;
-  omitTable = (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)!=0 
-           && (wctrlFlags & WHERE_FORCE_TABLE)==0;
-
-  /* Create labels for the "break" and "continue" instructions
-  ** for the current loop.  Jump to addrBrk to break out of a loop.
-  ** Jump to cont to go immediately to the next iteration of the
-  ** loop.
-  **
-  ** When there is an IN operator, we also have a "addrNxt" label that
-  ** means to continue with the next IN value combination.  When
-  ** there are no IN operators in the constraints, the "addrNxt" label
-  ** is the same as "addrBrk".
-  */
-  addrBrk = pLevel->addrBrk = pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-  addrCont = pLevel->addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-
-  /* If this is the right table of a LEFT OUTER JOIN, allocate and
-  ** initialize a memory cell that records if this table matches any
-  ** row of the left table of the join.
-  */
-  if( pLevel->iFrom>0 && (pTabItem[0].jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
-    pLevel->iLeftJoin = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
-    VdbeComment((v, "init LEFT JOIN no-match flag"));
-  }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if(  (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)!=0 ){
-    /* Case 0:  The table is a virtual-table.  Use the VFilter and VNext
-    **          to access the data.
-    */
-    int iReg;   /* P3 Value for OP_VFilter */
-    sqlite3_index_info *pVtabIdx = pLevel->plan.u.pVtabIdx;
-    int nConstraint = pVtabIdx->nConstraint;
-    struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage *aUsage =
-                                                pVtabIdx->aConstraintUsage;
-    const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *aConstraint =
-                                                pVtabIdx->aConstraint;
-
-    sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
-    iReg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nConstraint+2);
-    for(j=1; j<=nConstraint; j++){
-      for(k=0; k<nConstraint; k++){
-        if( aUsage[k].argvIndex==j ){
-          int iTerm = aConstraint[k].iTermOffset;
-          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pWC->a[iTerm].pExpr->pRight, iReg+j+1);
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if( k==nConstraint ) break;
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pVtabIdx->idxNum, iReg);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, j-1, iReg+1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VFilter, iCur, addrBrk, iReg, pVtabIdx->idxStr,
-                      pVtabIdx->needToFreeIdxStr ? P4_MPRINTF : P4_STATIC);
-    pVtabIdx->needToFreeIdxStr = 0;
-    for(j=0; j<nConstraint; j++){
-      if( aUsage[j].omit ){
-        int iTerm = aConstraint[j].iTermOffset;
-        disableTerm(pLevel, &pWC->a[iTerm]);
-      }
-    }
-    pLevel->op = OP_VNext;
-    pLevel->p1 = iCur;
-    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, iReg, nConstraint+2);
-    sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-  if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_ROWID_EQ ){
-    /* Case 1:  We can directly reference a single row using an
-    **          equality comparison against the ROWID field.  Or
-    **          we reference multiple rows using a "rowid IN (...)"
-    **          construct.
-    */
-    iReleaseReg = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-    pTerm = findTerm(pWC, iCur, -1, notReady, WO_EQ|WO_IN, 0);
-    assert( pTerm!=0 );
-    assert( pTerm->pExpr!=0 );
-    assert( pTerm->leftCursor==iCur );
-    assert( omitTable==0 );
-    iRowidReg = codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, iReleaseReg);
-    addrNxt = pLevel->addrNxt;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, iRowidReg, addrNxt);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, addrNxt, iRowidReg);
-    sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);
-    VdbeComment((v, "pk"));
-    pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
-  }else if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_ROWID_RANGE ){
-    /* Case 2:  We have an inequality comparison against the ROWID field.
-    */
-    int testOp = OP_Noop;
-    int start;
-    int memEndValue = 0;
-    WhereTerm *pStart, *pEnd;
-
-    assert( omitTable==0 );
-    pStart = findTerm(pWC, iCur, -1, notReady, WO_GT|WO_GE, 0);
-    pEnd = findTerm(pWC, iCur, -1, notReady, WO_LT|WO_LE, 0);
-    if( bRev ){
-      pTerm = pStart;
-      pStart = pEnd;
-      pEnd = pTerm;
-    }
-    if( pStart ){
-      Expr *pX;             /* The expression that defines the start bound */
-      int r1, rTemp;        /* Registers for holding the start boundary */
-
-      /* The following constant maps TK_xx codes into corresponding 
-      ** seek opcodes.  It depends on a particular ordering of TK_xx
-      */
-      const u8 aMoveOp[] = {
-           /* TK_GT */  OP_SeekGt,
-           /* TK_LE */  OP_SeekLe,
-           /* TK_LT */  OP_SeekLt,
-           /* TK_GE */  OP_SeekGe
-      };
-      assert( TK_LE==TK_GT+1 );      /* Make sure the ordering.. */
-      assert( TK_LT==TK_GT+2 );      /*  ... of the TK_xx values... */
-      assert( TK_GE==TK_GT+3 );      /*  ... is correcct. */
-
-      pX = pStart->pExpr;
-      assert( pX!=0 );
-      assert( pStart->leftCursor==iCur );
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pX->pRight, &rTemp);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, aMoveOp[pX->op-TK_GT], iCur, addrBrk, r1);
-      VdbeComment((v, "pk"));
-      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, r1, 1);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, rTemp);
-      disableTerm(pLevel, pStart);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, bRev ? OP_Last : OP_Rewind, iCur, addrBrk);
-    }
-    if( pEnd ){
-      Expr *pX;
-      pX = pEnd->pExpr;
-      assert( pX!=0 );
-      assert( pEnd->leftCursor==iCur );
-      memEndValue = ++pParse->nMem;
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pX->pRight, memEndValue);
-      if( pX->op==TK_LT || pX->op==TK_GT ){
-        testOp = bRev ? OP_Le : OP_Ge;
-      }else{
-        testOp = bRev ? OP_Lt : OP_Gt;
-      }
-      disableTerm(pLevel, pEnd);
-    }
-    start = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-    pLevel->op = bRev ? OP_Prev : OP_Next;
-    pLevel->p1 = iCur;
-    pLevel->p2 = start;
-    pLevel->p5 = (pStart==0 && pEnd==0) ?1:0;
-    if( testOp!=OP_Noop ){
-      iRowidReg = iReleaseReg = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, iRowidReg);
-      sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, testOp, memEndValue, addrBrk, iRowidReg);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC | SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-    }
-  }else if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & (WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE|WHERE_COLUMN_EQ) ){
-    /* Case 3: A scan using an index.
-    **
-    **         The WHERE clause may contain zero or more equality 
-    **         terms ("==" or "IN" operators) that refer to the N
-    **         left-most columns of the index. It may also contain
-    **         inequality constraints (>, <, >= or <=) on the indexed
-    **         column that immediately follows the N equalities. Only 
-    **         the right-most column can be an inequality - the rest must
-    **         use the "==" and "IN" operators. For example, if the 
-    **         index is on (x,y,z), then the following clauses are all 
-    **         optimized:
-    **
-    **            x=5
-    **            x=5 AND y=10
-    **            x=5 AND y<10
-    **            x=5 AND y>5 AND y<10
-    **            x=5 AND y=5 AND z<=10
-    **
-    **         The z<10 term of the following cannot be used, only
-    **         the x=5 term:
-    **
-    **            x=5 AND z<10
-    **
-    **         N may be zero if there are inequality constraints.
-    **         If there are no inequality constraints, then N is at
-    **         least one.
-    **
-    **         This case is also used when there are no WHERE clause
-    **         constraints but an index is selected anyway, in order
-    **         to force the output order to conform to an ORDER BY.
-    */  
-    int aStartOp[] = {
-      0,
-      0,
-      OP_Rewind,           /* 2: (!start_constraints && startEq &&  !bRev) */
-      OP_Last,             /* 3: (!start_constraints && startEq &&   bRev) */
-      OP_SeekGt,           /* 4: (start_constraints  && !startEq && !bRev) */
-      OP_SeekLt,           /* 5: (start_constraints  && !startEq &&  bRev) */
-      OP_SeekGe,           /* 6: (start_constraints  &&  startEq && !bRev) */
-      OP_SeekLe            /* 7: (start_constraints  &&  startEq &&  bRev) */
-    };
-    int aEndOp[] = {
-      OP_Noop,             /* 0: (!end_constraints) */
-      OP_IdxGE,            /* 1: (end_constraints && !bRev) */
-      OP_IdxLT             /* 2: (end_constraints && bRev) */
-    };
-    int nEq = pLevel->plan.nEq;
-    int isMinQuery = 0;          /* If this is an optimized SELECT min(x).. */
-    int regBase;                 /* Base register holding constraint values */
-    int r1;                      /* Temp register */
-    WhereTerm *pRangeStart = 0;  /* Inequality constraint at range start */
-    WhereTerm *pRangeEnd = 0;    /* Inequality constraint at range end */
-    int startEq;                 /* True if range start uses ==, >= or <= */
-    int endEq;                   /* True if range end uses ==, >= or <= */
-    int start_constraints;       /* Start of range is constrained */
-    int nConstraint;             /* Number of constraint terms */
-    Index *pIdx;         /* The index we will be using */
-    int iIdxCur;         /* The VDBE cursor for the index */
-    int nExtraReg = 0;   /* Number of extra registers needed */
-    int op;              /* Instruction opcode */
-    char *zAff;
-
-    pIdx = pLevel->plan.u.pIdx;
-    iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
-    k = pIdx->aiColumn[nEq];     /* Column for inequality constraints */
-
-    /* If this loop satisfies a sort order (pOrderBy) request that 
-    ** was passed to this function to implement a "SELECT min(x) ..." 
-    ** query, then the caller will only allow the loop to run for
-    ** a single iteration. This means that the first row returned
-    ** should not have a NULL value stored in 'x'. If column 'x' is
-    ** the first one after the nEq equality constraints in the index,
-    ** this requires some special handling.
-    */
-    if( (wctrlFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)!=0
-     && (pLevel->plan.wsFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY)
-     && (pIdx->nColumn>nEq)
-    ){
-      /* assert( pOrderBy->nExpr==1 ); */
-      /* assert( pOrderBy->a[0].pExpr->iColumn==pIdx->aiColumn[nEq] ); */
-      isMinQuery = 1;
-      nExtraReg = 1;
-    }
-
-    /* Find any inequality constraint terms for the start and end 
-    ** of the range. 
-    */
-    if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT ){
-      pRangeEnd = findTerm(pWC, iCur, k, notReady, (WO_LT|WO_LE), pIdx);
-      nExtraReg = 1;
-    }
-    if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
-      pRangeStart = findTerm(pWC, iCur, k, notReady, (WO_GT|WO_GE), pIdx);
-      nExtraReg = 1;
-    }
-
-    /* Generate code to evaluate all constraint terms using == or IN
-    ** and store the values of those terms in an array of registers
-    ** starting at regBase.
-    */
-    regBase = codeAllEqualityTerms(
-        pParse, pLevel, pWC, notReady, nExtraReg, &zAff
-    );
-    addrNxt = pLevel->addrNxt;
-
-    /* If we are doing a reverse order scan on an ascending index, or
-    ** a forward order scan on a descending index, interchange the 
-    ** start and end terms (pRangeStart and pRangeEnd).
-    */
-    if( bRev==(pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]==SQLITE_SO_ASC) ){
-      SWAP(WhereTerm *, pRangeEnd, pRangeStart);
-    }
-
-    testcase( pRangeStart && pRangeStart->eOperator & WO_LE );
-    testcase( pRangeStart && pRangeStart->eOperator & WO_GE );
-    testcase( pRangeEnd && pRangeEnd->eOperator & WO_LE );
-    testcase( pRangeEnd && pRangeEnd->eOperator & WO_GE );
-    startEq = !pRangeStart || pRangeStart->eOperator & (WO_LE|WO_GE);
-    endEq =   !pRangeEnd || pRangeEnd->eOperator & (WO_LE|WO_GE);
-    start_constraints = pRangeStart || nEq>0;
-
-    /* Seek the index cursor to the start of the range. */
-    nConstraint = nEq;
-    if( pRangeStart ){
-      Expr *pRight = pRangeStart->pExpr->pRight;
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
-      sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(v, pRight, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
-      if( zAff ){
-        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zAff[nConstraint])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE){
-          /* Since the comparison is to be performed with no conversions
-          ** applied to the operands, set the affinity to apply to pRight to 
-          ** SQLITE_AFF_NONE.  */
-          zAff[nConstraint] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-        }
-        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zAff[nConstraint]) ){
-          zAff[nConstraint] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-        }
-      }  
-      nConstraint++;
-    }else if( isMinQuery ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
-      nConstraint++;
-      startEq = 0;
-      start_constraints = 1;
-    }
-    codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase, nConstraint, zAff);
-    op = aStartOp[(start_constraints<<2) + (startEq<<1) + bRev];
-    assert( op!=0 );
-    testcase( op==OP_Rewind );
-    testcase( op==OP_Last );
-    testcase( op==OP_SeekGt );
-    testcase( op==OP_SeekGe );
-    testcase( op==OP_SeekLe );
-    testcase( op==OP_SeekLt );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase, nConstraint);
-
-    /* Load the value for the inequality constraint at the end of the
-    ** range (if any).
-    */
-    nConstraint = nEq;
-    if( pRangeEnd ){
-      Expr *pRight = pRangeEnd->pExpr->pRight;
-      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1);
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
-      sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(v, pRight, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
-      if( zAff ){
-        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zAff[nConstraint])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE){
-          /* Since the comparison is to be performed with no conversions
-          ** applied to the operands, set the affinity to apply to pRight to 
-          ** SQLITE_AFF_NONE.  */
-          zAff[nConstraint] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-        }
-        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zAff[nConstraint]) ){
-          zAff[nConstraint] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
-        }
-      }  
-      codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase, nEq+1, zAff);
-      nConstraint++;
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, zAff);
-
-    /* Top of the loop body */
-    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-
-    /* Check if the index cursor is past the end of the range. */
-    op = aEndOp[(pRangeEnd || nEq) * (1 + bRev)];
-    testcase( op==OP_Noop );
-    testcase( op==OP_IdxGE );
-    testcase( op==OP_IdxLT );
-    if( op!=OP_Noop ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase, nConstraint);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, endEq!=bRev ?1:0);
-    }
-
-    /* If there are inequality constraints, check that the value
-    ** of the table column that the inequality contrains is not NULL.
-    ** If it is, jump to the next iteration of the loop.
-    */
-    r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-    testcase( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT );
-    testcase( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT );
-    if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & (WHERE_BTM_LIMIT|WHERE_TOP_LIMIT) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, nEq, r1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, r1, addrCont);
-    }
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-
-    /* Seek the table cursor, if required */
-    disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeStart);
-    disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeEnd);
-    if( !omitTable ){
-      iRowidReg = iReleaseReg = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxRowid, iIdxCur, iRowidReg);
-      sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Seek, iCur, iRowidReg);  /* Deferred seek */
-    }
-
-    /* Record the instruction used to terminate the loop. Disable 
-    ** WHERE clause terms made redundant by the index range scan.
-    */
-    pLevel->op = bRev ? OP_Prev : OP_Next;
-    pLevel->p1 = iIdxCur;
-  }else
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION
-  if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR ){
-    /* Case 4:  Two or more separately indexed terms connected by OR
-    **
-    ** Example:
-    **
-    **   CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c,d);
-    **   CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
-    **   CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(b);
-    **   CREATE INDEX i3 ON t1(c);
-    **
-    **   SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=5 OR b=7 OR (c=11 AND d=13)
-    **
-    ** In the example, there are three indexed terms connected by OR.
-    ** The top of the loop looks like this:
-    **
-    **          Null       1                # Zero the rowset in reg 1
-    **
-    ** Then, for each indexed term, the following. The arguments to
-    ** RowSetTest are such that the rowid of the current row is inserted
-    ** into the RowSet. If it is already present, control skips the
-    ** Gosub opcode and jumps straight to the code generated by WhereEnd().
-    **
-    **        sqlite3WhereBegin(<term>)
-    **          RowSetTest                  # Insert rowid into rowset
-    **          Gosub      2 A
-    **        sqlite3WhereEnd()
-    **
-    ** Following the above, code to terminate the loop. Label A, the target
-    ** of the Gosub above, jumps to the instruction right after the Goto.
-    **
-    **          Null       1                # Zero the rowset in reg 1
-    **          Goto       B                # The loop is finished.
-    **
-    **       A: <loop body>                 # Return data, whatever.
-    **
-    **          Return     2                # Jump back to the Gosub
-    **
-    **       B: <after the loop>
-    **
-    */
-    WhereClause *pOrWc;    /* The OR-clause broken out into subterms */
-    WhereTerm *pFinal;     /* Final subterm within the OR-clause. */
-    SrcList *pOrTab;       /* Shortened table list or OR-clause generation */
-
-    int regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;           /* Register used with OP_Gosub */
-    int regRowset = 0;                        /* Register for RowSet object */
-    int regRowid = 0;                         /* Register holding rowid */
-    int iLoopBody = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);  /* Start of loop body */
-    int iRetInit;                             /* Address of regReturn init */
-    int untestedTerms = 0;             /* Some terms not completely tested */
-    int ii;
-   
-    pTerm = pLevel->plan.u.pTerm;
-    assert( pTerm!=0 );
-    assert( pTerm->eOperator==WO_OR );
-    assert( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_ORINFO)!=0 );
-    pOrWc = &pTerm->u.pOrInfo->wc;
-    pFinal = &pOrWc->a[pOrWc->nTerm-1];
-    pLevel->op = OP_Return;
-    pLevel->p1 = regReturn;
-
-    /* Set up a new SrcList ni pOrTab containing the table being scanned
-    ** by this loop in the a[0] slot and all notReady tables in a[1..] slots.
-    ** This becomes the SrcList in the recursive call to sqlite3WhereBegin().
-    */
-    if( pWInfo->nLevel>1 ){
-      int nNotReady;                 /* The number of notReady tables */
-      struct SrcList_item *origSrc;     /* Original list of tables */
-      nNotReady = pWInfo->nLevel - iLevel - 1;
-      pOrTab = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(pParse->db,
-                            sizeof(*pOrTab)+ nNotReady*sizeof(pOrTab->a[0]));
-      if( pOrTab==0 ) return notReady;
-      pOrTab->nAlloc = (i16)(nNotReady + 1);
-      pOrTab->nSrc = pOrTab->nAlloc;
-      memcpy(pOrTab->a, pTabItem, sizeof(*pTabItem));
-      origSrc = pWInfo->pTabList->a;
-      for(k=1; k<=nNotReady; k++){
-        memcpy(&pOrTab->a[k], &origSrc[pLevel[k].iFrom], sizeof(pOrTab->a[k]));
-      }
-    }else{
-      pOrTab = pWInfo->pTabList;
-    }
-
-    /* Initialize the rowset register to contain NULL. An SQL NULL is 
-    ** equivalent to an empty rowset.
-    **
-    ** Also initialize regReturn to contain the address of the instruction 
-    ** immediately following the OP_Return at the bottom of the loop. This
-    ** is required in a few obscure LEFT JOIN cases where control jumps
-    ** over the top of the loop into the body of it. In this case the 
-    ** correct response for the end-of-loop code (the OP_Return) is to 
-    ** fall through to the next instruction, just as an OP_Next does if
-    ** called on an uninitialized cursor.
-    */
-    if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK)==0 ){
-      regRowset = ++pParse->nMem;
-      regRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regRowset);
-    }
-    iRetInit = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regReturn);
-
-    for(ii=0; ii<pOrWc->nTerm; ii++){
-      WhereTerm *pOrTerm = &pOrWc->a[ii];
-      if( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCur || pOrTerm->eOperator==WO_AND ){
-        WhereInfo *pSubWInfo;          /* Info for single OR-term scan */
-        /* Loop through table entries that match term pOrTerm. */
-        pSubWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pOrTab, pOrTerm->pExpr, 0,
-                        WHERE_OMIT_OPEN | WHERE_OMIT_CLOSE |
-                        WHERE_FORCE_TABLE | WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY);
-        if( pSubWInfo ){
-          if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK)==0 ){
-            int iSet = ((ii==pOrWc->nTerm-1)?-1:ii);
-            int r;
-            r = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pTabItem->pTab, -1, iCur, 
-                                         regRowid);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_RowSetTest, regRowset,
-                                 sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2, r, iSet);
-          }
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReturn, iLoopBody);
-
-          /* The pSubWInfo->untestedTerms flag means that this OR term
-          ** contained one or more AND term from a notReady table.  The
-          ** terms from the notReady table could not be tested and will
-          ** need to be tested later.
-          */
-          if( pSubWInfo->untestedTerms ) untestedTerms = 1;
-
-          /* Finish the loop through table entries that match term pOrTerm. */
-          sqlite3WhereEnd(pSubWInfo);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, iRetInit, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v));
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, pLevel->addrBrk);
-    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iLoopBody);
-
-    if( pWInfo->nLevel>1 ) sqlite3StackFree(pParse->db, pOrTab);
-    if( !untestedTerms ) disableTerm(pLevel, pTerm);
-  }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION */
-
-  {
-    /* Case 5:  There is no usable index.  We must do a complete
-    **          scan of the entire table.
-    */
-    static const u8 aStep[] = { OP_Next, OP_Prev };
-    static const u8 aStart[] = { OP_Rewind, OP_Last };
-    assert( bRev==0 || bRev==1 );
-    assert( omitTable==0 );
-    pLevel->op = aStep[bRev];
-    pLevel->p1 = iCur;
-    pLevel->p2 = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, aStart[bRev], iCur, addrBrk);
-    pLevel->p5 = SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP;
-  }
-  notReady &= ~getMask(pWC->pMaskSet, iCur);
-
-  /* Insert code to test every subexpression that can be completely
-  ** computed using the current set of tables.
-  */
-  k = 0;
-  for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=pWC->nTerm; j>0; j--, pTerm++){
-    Expr *pE;
-    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
-    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED );
-    if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
-    if( (pTerm->prereqAll & notReady)!=0 ){
-      testcase( pWInfo->untestedTerms==0
-               && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY)!=0 );
-      pWInfo->untestedTerms = 1;
-      continue;
-    }
-    pE = pTerm->pExpr;
-    assert( pE!=0 );
-    if( pLevel->iLeftJoin && !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_FromJoin) ){
-      continue;
-    }
-    sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pE, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-    k = 1;
-    pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
-  }
-
-  /* For a LEFT OUTER JOIN, generate code that will record the fact that
-  ** at least one row of the right table has matched the left table.  
-  */
-  if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ){
-    pLevel->addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
-    VdbeComment((v, "record LEFT JOIN hit"));
-    sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-    for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=0; j<pWC->nTerm; j++, pTerm++){
-      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
-      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED );
-      if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
-      if( (pTerm->prereqAll & notReady)!=0 ){
-        assert( pWInfo->untestedTerms );
-        continue;
-      }
-      assert( pTerm->pExpr );
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pTerm->pExpr, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, iReleaseReg);
-
-  return notReady;
-}
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-/*
-** The following variable holds a text description of query plan generated
-** by the most recent call to sqlite3WhereBegin().  Each call to WhereBegin
-** overwrites the previous.  This information is used for testing and
-** analysis only.
-*/
-SQLITE_API char sqlite3_query_plan[BMS*2*40];  /* Text of the join */
-static int nQPlan = 0;              /* Next free slow in _query_plan[] */
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_TEST */
-
-
-/*
-** Free a WhereInfo structure
-*/
-static void whereInfoFree(sqlite3 *db, WhereInfo *pWInfo){
-  if( pWInfo ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++){
-      sqlite3_index_info *pInfo = pWInfo->a[i].pIdxInfo;
-      if( pInfo ){
-        /* assert( pInfo->needToFreeIdxStr==0 || db->mallocFailed ); */
-        if( pInfo->needToFreeIdxStr ){
-          sqlite3_free(pInfo->idxStr);
-        }
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, pInfo);
-      }
-    }
-    whereClauseClear(pWInfo->pWC);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pWInfo);
-  }
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Generate the beginning of the loop used for WHERE clause processing.
-** The return value is a pointer to an opaque structure that contains
-** information needed to terminate the loop.  Later, the calling routine
-** should invoke sqlite3WhereEnd() with the return value of this function
-** in order to complete the WHERE clause processing.
-**
-** If an error occurs, this routine returns NULL.
-**
-** The basic idea is to do a nested loop, one loop for each table in
-** the FROM clause of a select.  (INSERT and UPDATE statements are the
-** same as a SELECT with only a single table in the FROM clause.)  For
-** example, if the SQL is this:
-**
-**       SELECT * FROM t1, t2, t3 WHERE ...;
-**
-** Then the code generated is conceptually like the following:
-**
-**      foreach row1 in t1 do       \    Code generated
-**        foreach row2 in t2 do      |-- by sqlite3WhereBegin()
-**          foreach row3 in t3 do   /
-**            ...
-**          end                     \    Code generated
-**        end                        |-- by sqlite3WhereEnd()
-**      end                         /
-**
-** Note that the loops might not be nested in the order in which they
-** appear in the FROM clause if a different order is better able to make
-** use of indices.  Note also that when the IN operator appears in
-** the WHERE clause, it might result in additional nested loops for
-** scanning through all values on the right-hand side of the IN.
-**
-** There are Btree cursors associated with each table.  t1 uses cursor
-** number pTabList->a[0].iCursor.  t2 uses the cursor pTabList->a[1].iCursor.
-** And so forth.  This routine generates code to open those VDBE cursors
-** and sqlite3WhereEnd() generates the code to close them.
-**
-** The code that sqlite3WhereBegin() generates leaves the cursors named
-** in pTabList pointing at their appropriate entries.  The [...] code
-** can use OP_Column and OP_Rowid opcodes on these cursors to extract
-** data from the various tables of the loop.
-**
-** If the WHERE clause is empty, the foreach loops must each scan their
-** entire tables.  Thus a three-way join is an O(N^3) operation.  But if
-** the tables have indices and there are terms in the WHERE clause that
-** refer to those indices, a complete table scan can be avoided and the
-** code will run much faster.  Most of the work of this routine is checking
-** to see if there are indices that can be used to speed up the loop.
-**
-** Terms of the WHERE clause are also used to limit which rows actually
-** make it to the "..." in the middle of the loop.  After each "foreach",
-** terms of the WHERE clause that use only terms in that loop and outer
-** loops are evaluated and if false a jump is made around all subsequent
-** inner loops (or around the "..." if the test occurs within the inner-
-** most loop)
-**
-** OUTER JOINS
-**
-** An outer join of tables t1 and t2 is conceptally coded as follows:
-**
-**    foreach row1 in t1 do
-**      flag = 0
-**      foreach row2 in t2 do
-**        start:
-**          ...
-**          flag = 1
-**      end
-**      if flag==0 then
-**        move the row2 cursor to a null row
-**        goto start
-**      fi
-**    end
-**
-** ORDER BY CLAUSE PROCESSING
-**
-** *ppOrderBy is a pointer to the ORDER BY clause of a SELECT statement,
-** if there is one.  If there is no ORDER BY clause or if this routine
-** is called from an UPDATE or DELETE statement, then ppOrderBy is NULL.
-**
-** If an index can be used so that the natural output order of the table
-** scan is correct for the ORDER BY clause, then that index is used and
-** *ppOrderBy is set to NULL.  This is an optimization that prevents an
-** unnecessary sort of the result set if an index appropriate for the
-** ORDER BY clause already exists.
-**
-** If the where clause loops cannot be arranged to provide the correct
-** output order, then the *ppOrderBy is unchanged.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* The parser context */
-  SrcList *pTabList,    /* A list of all tables to be scanned */
-  Expr *pWhere,         /* The WHERE clause */
-  ExprList **ppOrderBy, /* An ORDER BY clause, or NULL */
-  u16 wctrlFlags        /* One of the WHERE_* flags defined in sqliteInt.h */
-){
-  int i;                     /* Loop counter */
-  int nByteWInfo;            /* Num. bytes allocated for WhereInfo struct */
-  int nTabList;              /* Number of elements in pTabList */
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo;         /* Will become the return value of this function */
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;   /* The virtual database engine */
-  Bitmask notReady;          /* Cursors that are not yet positioned */
-  WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet;    /* The expression mask set */
-  WhereClause *pWC;               /* Decomposition of the WHERE clause */
-  struct SrcList_item *pTabItem;  /* A single entry from pTabList */
-  WhereLevel *pLevel;             /* A single level in the pWInfo list */
-  int iFrom;                      /* First unused FROM clause element */
-  int andFlags;              /* AND-ed combination of all pWC->a[].wtFlags */
-  sqlite3 *db;               /* Database connection */
-
-  /* The number of tables in the FROM clause is limited by the number of
-  ** bits in a Bitmask 
-  */
-  if( pTabList->nSrc>BMS ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "at most %d tables in a join", BMS);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  /* This function normally generates a nested loop for all tables in 
-  ** pTabList.  But if the WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY flag is set, then we should
-  ** only generate code for the first table in pTabList and assume that
-  ** any cursors associated with subsequent tables are uninitialized.
-  */
-  nTabList = (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY) ? 1 : pTabList->nSrc;
-
-  /* Allocate and initialize the WhereInfo structure that will become the
-  ** return value. A single allocation is used to store the WhereInfo
-  ** struct, the contents of WhereInfo.a[], the WhereClause structure
-  ** and the WhereMaskSet structure. Since WhereClause contains an 8-byte
-  ** field (type Bitmask) it must be aligned on an 8-byte boundary on
-  ** some architectures. Hence the ROUND8() below.
-  */
-  db = pParse->db;
-  nByteWInfo = ROUND8(sizeof(WhereInfo)+(nTabList-1)*sizeof(WhereLevel));
-  pWInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 
-      nByteWInfo + 
-      sizeof(WhereClause) +
-      sizeof(WhereMaskSet)
-  );
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto whereBeginError;
-  }
-  pWInfo->nLevel = nTabList;
-  pWInfo->pParse = pParse;
-  pWInfo->pTabList = pTabList;
-  pWInfo->iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-  pWInfo->pWC = pWC = (WhereClause *)&((u8 *)pWInfo)[nByteWInfo];
-  pWInfo->wctrlFlags = wctrlFlags;
-  pMaskSet = (WhereMaskSet*)&pWC[1];
-
-  /* Split the WHERE clause into separate subexpressions where each
-  ** subexpression is separated by an AND operator.
-  */
-  initMaskSet(pMaskSet);
-  whereClauseInit(pWC, pParse, pMaskSet);
-  sqlite3ExprCodeConstants(pParse, pWhere);
-  whereSplit(pWC, pWhere, TK_AND);
-    
-  /* Special case: a WHERE clause that is constant.  Evaluate the
-  ** expression and either jump over all of the code or fall thru.
-  */
-  if( pWhere && (nTabList==0 || sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pWhere)) ){
-    sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pWhere, pWInfo->iBreak, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-    pWhere = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Assign a bit from the bitmask to every term in the FROM clause.
-  **
-  ** When assigning bitmask values to FROM clause cursors, it must be
-  ** the case that if X is the bitmask for the N-th FROM clause term then
-  ** the bitmask for all FROM clause terms to the left of the N-th term
-  ** is (X-1).   An expression from the ON clause of a LEFT JOIN can use
-  ** its Expr.iRightJoinTable value to find the bitmask of the right table
-  ** of the join.  Subtracting one from the right table bitmask gives a
-  ** bitmask for all tables to the left of the join.  Knowing the bitmask
-  ** for all tables to the left of a left join is important.  Ticket #3015.
-  **
-  ** Configure the WhereClause.vmask variable so that bits that correspond
-  ** to virtual table cursors are set. This is used to selectively disable 
-  ** the OR-to-IN transformation in exprAnalyzeOrTerm(). It is not helpful 
-  ** with virtual tables.
-  **
-  ** Note that bitmasks are created for all pTabList->nSrc tables in
-  ** pTabList, not just the first nTabList tables.  nTabList is normally
-  ** equal to pTabList->nSrc but might be shortened to 1 if the
-  ** WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY flag is set.
-  */
-  assert( pWC->vmask==0 && pMaskSet->n==0 );
-  for(i=0; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
-    createMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[i].iCursor);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-    if( ALWAYS(pTabList->a[i].pTab) && IsVirtual(pTabList->a[i].pTab) ){
-      pWC->vmask |= ((Bitmask)1 << i);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  {
-    Bitmask toTheLeft = 0;
-    for(i=0; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
-      Bitmask m = getMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[i].iCursor);
-      assert( (m-1)==toTheLeft );
-      toTheLeft |= m;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Analyze all of the subexpressions.  Note that exprAnalyze() might
-  ** add new virtual terms onto the end of the WHERE clause.  We do not
-  ** want to analyze these virtual terms, so start analyzing at the end
-  ** and work forward so that the added virtual terms are never processed.
-  */
-  exprAnalyzeAll(pTabList, pWC);
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto whereBeginError;
-  }
-
-  /* Chose the best index to use for each table in the FROM clause.
-  **
-  ** This loop fills in the following fields:
-  **
-  **   pWInfo->a[].pIdx      The index to use for this level of the loop.
-  **   pWInfo->a[].wsFlags   WHERE_xxx flags associated with pIdx
-  **   pWInfo->a[].nEq       The number of == and IN constraints
-  **   pWInfo->a[].iFrom     Which term of the FROM clause is being coded
-  **   pWInfo->a[].iTabCur   The VDBE cursor for the database table
-  **   pWInfo->a[].iIdxCur   The VDBE cursor for the index
-  **   pWInfo->a[].pTerm     When wsFlags==WO_OR, the OR-clause term
-  **
-  ** This loop also figures out the nesting order of tables in the FROM
-  ** clause.
-  */
-  notReady = ~(Bitmask)0;
-  pTabItem = pTabList->a;
-  pLevel = pWInfo->a;
-  andFlags = ~0;
-  WHERETRACE(("*** Optimizer Start ***\n"));
-  for(i=iFrom=0, pLevel=pWInfo->a; i<nTabList; i++, pLevel++){
-    WhereCost bestPlan;         /* Most efficient plan seen so far */
-    Index *pIdx;                /* Index for FROM table at pTabItem */
-    int j;                      /* For looping over FROM tables */
-    int bestJ = -1;             /* The value of j */
-    Bitmask m;                  /* Bitmask value for j or bestJ */
-    int isOptimal;              /* Iterator for optimal/non-optimal search */
-
-    memset(&bestPlan, 0, sizeof(bestPlan));
-    bestPlan.rCost = SQLITE_BIG_DBL;
-
-    /* Loop through the remaining entries in the FROM clause to find the
-    ** next nested loop. The FROM clause entries may be iterated through
-    ** either once or twice. 
-    **
-    ** The first iteration, which is always performed, searches for the
-    ** FROM clause entry that permits the lowest-cost, "optimal" scan. In
-    ** this context an optimal scan is one that uses the same strategy
-    ** for the given FROM clause entry as would be selected if the entry
-    ** were used as the innermost nested loop.  In other words, a table
-    ** is chosen such that the cost of running that table cannot be reduced
-    ** by waiting for other tables to run first.
-    **
-    ** The second iteration is only performed if no optimal scan strategies
-    ** were found by the first. This iteration is used to search for the
-    ** lowest cost scan overall.
-    **
-    ** Previous versions of SQLite performed only the second iteration -
-    ** the next outermost loop was always that with the lowest overall
-    ** cost. However, this meant that SQLite could select the wrong plan
-    ** for scripts such as the following:
-    **   
-    **   CREATE TABLE t1(a, b); 
-    **   CREATE TABLE t2(c, d);
-    **   SELECT * FROM t2, t1 WHERE t2.rowid = t1.a;
-    **
-    ** The best strategy is to iterate through table t1 first. However it
-    ** is not possible to determine this with a simple greedy algorithm.
-    ** However, since the cost of a linear scan through table t2 is the same 
-    ** as the cost of a linear scan through table t1, a simple greedy 
-    ** algorithm may choose to use t2 for the outer loop, which is a much
-    ** costlier approach.
-    */
-    for(isOptimal=1; isOptimal>=0 && bestJ<0; isOptimal--){
-      Bitmask mask = (isOptimal ? 0 : notReady);
-      assert( (nTabList-iFrom)>1 || isOptimal );
-      for(j=iFrom, pTabItem=&pTabList->a[j]; j<nTabList; j++, pTabItem++){
-        int doNotReorder;    /* True if this table should not be reordered */
-        WhereCost sCost;     /* Cost information from best[Virtual]Index() */
-        ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* ORDER BY clause for index to optimize */
-  
-        doNotReorder =  (pTabItem->jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0;
-        if( j!=iFrom && doNotReorder ) break;
-        m = getMask(pMaskSet, pTabItem->iCursor);
-        if( (m & notReady)==0 ){
-          if( j==iFrom ) iFrom++;
-          continue;
-        }
-        pOrderBy = ((i==0 && ppOrderBy )?*ppOrderBy:0);
-  
-        assert( pTabItem->pTab );
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-        if( IsVirtual(pTabItem->pTab) ){
-          sqlite3_index_info **pp = &pWInfo->a[j].pIdxInfo;
-          bestVirtualIndex(pParse, pWC, pTabItem, mask, pOrderBy, &sCost, pp);
-        }else 
-#endif
-        {
-          bestBtreeIndex(pParse, pWC, pTabItem, mask, pOrderBy, &sCost);
-        }
-        assert( isOptimal || (sCost.used&notReady)==0 );
-
-        if( (sCost.used&notReady)==0
-         && (j==iFrom || sCost.rCost<bestPlan.rCost) 
-        ){
-          bestPlan = sCost;
-          bestJ = j;
-        }
-        if( doNotReorder ) break;
-      }
-    }
-    assert( bestJ>=0 );
-    assert( notReady & getMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[bestJ].iCursor) );
-    WHERETRACE(("*** Optimizer selects table %d for loop %d\n", bestJ,
-           pLevel-pWInfo->a));
-    if( (bestPlan.plan.wsFlags & WHERE_ORDERBY)!=0 ){
-      *ppOrderBy = 0;
-    }
-    andFlags &= bestPlan.plan.wsFlags;
-    pLevel->plan = bestPlan.plan;
-    if( bestPlan.plan.wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED ){
-      pLevel->iIdxCur = pParse->nTab++;
-    }else{
-      pLevel->iIdxCur = -1;
-    }
-    notReady &= ~getMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[bestJ].iCursor);
-    pLevel->iFrom = (u8)bestJ;
-
-    /* Check that if the table scanned by this loop iteration had an
-    ** INDEXED BY clause attached to it, that the named index is being
-    ** used for the scan. If not, then query compilation has failed.
-    ** Return an error.
-    */
-    pIdx = pTabList->a[bestJ].pIndex;
-    if( pIdx ){
-      if( (bestPlan.plan.wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)==0 ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot use index: %s", pIdx->zName);
-        goto whereBeginError;
-      }else{
-        /* If an INDEXED BY clause is used, the bestIndex() function is
-        ** guaranteed to find the index specified in the INDEXED BY clause
-        ** if it find an index at all. */
-        assert( bestPlan.plan.u.pIdx==pIdx );
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  WHERETRACE(("*** Optimizer Finished ***\n"));
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto whereBeginError;
-  }
-
-  /* If the total query only selects a single row, then the ORDER BY
-  ** clause is irrelevant.
-  */
-  if( (andFlags & WHERE_UNIQUE)!=0 && ppOrderBy ){
-    *ppOrderBy = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* If the caller is an UPDATE or DELETE statement that is requesting
-  ** to use a one-pass algorithm, determine if this is appropriate.
-  ** The one-pass algorithm only works if the WHERE clause constraints
-  ** the statement to update a single row.
-  */
-  assert( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)==0 || pWInfo->nLevel==1 );
-  if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)!=0 && (andFlags & WHERE_UNIQUE)!=0 ){
-    pWInfo->okOnePass = 1;
-    pWInfo->a[0].plan.wsFlags &= ~WHERE_IDX_ONLY;
-  }
-
-  /* Open all tables in the pTabList and any indices selected for
-  ** searching those tables.
-  */
-  sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, -1); /* Insert the cookie verifier Goto */
-  for(i=0, pLevel=pWInfo->a; i<nTabList; i++, pLevel++){
-    Table *pTab;     /* Table to open */
-    int iDb;         /* Index of database containing table/index */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
-    if( pParse->explain==2 ){
-      char *zMsg;
-      struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
-      zMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "TABLE %s", pItem->zName);
-      if( pItem->zAlias ){
-        zMsg = sqlite3MAppendf(db, zMsg, "%s AS %s", zMsg, pItem->zAlias);
-      }
-      if( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0 ){
-        zMsg = sqlite3MAppendf(db, zMsg, "%s WITH INDEX %s",
-           zMsg, pLevel->plan.u.pIdx->zName);
-      }else if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR ){
-        zMsg = sqlite3MAppendf(db, zMsg, "%s VIA MULTI-INDEX UNION", zMsg);
-      }else if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & (WHERE_ROWID_EQ|WHERE_ROWID_RANGE) ){
-        zMsg = sqlite3MAppendf(db, zMsg, "%s USING PRIMARY KEY", zMsg);
-      }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-      else if( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)!=0 ){
-        sqlite3_index_info *pVtabIdx = pLevel->plan.u.pVtabIdx;
-        zMsg = sqlite3MAppendf(db, zMsg, "%s VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX %d:%s", zMsg,
-                    pVtabIdx->idxNum, pVtabIdx->idxStr);
-      }
-#endif
-      if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_ORDERBY ){
-        zMsg = sqlite3MAppendf(db, zMsg, "%s ORDER BY", zMsg);
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Explain, i, pLevel->iFrom, 0, zMsg, P4_DYNAMIC);
-    }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */
-    pTabItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
-    pTab = pTabItem->pTab;
-    iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
-    if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)!=0 || pTab->pSelect ) continue;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-    if( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)!=0 ){
-      const char *pVTab = (const char *)sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab);
-      int iCur = pTabItem->iCursor;
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VOpen, iCur, 0, 0, pVTab, P4_VTAB);
-    }else
-#endif
-    if( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0
-         && (wctrlFlags & WHERE_OMIT_OPEN)==0 ){
-      int op = pWInfo->okOnePass ? OP_OpenWrite : OP_OpenRead;
-      sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, pTabItem->iCursor, iDb, pTab, op);
-      if( !pWInfo->okOnePass && pTab->nCol<BMS ){
-        Bitmask b = pTabItem->colUsed;
-        int n = 0;
-        for(; b; b=b>>1, n++){}
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-1, 
-                            SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(n), P4_INT32);
-        assert( n<=pTab->nCol );
-      }
-    }else{
-      sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 0, pTab->zName);
-    }
-    pLevel->iTabCur = pTabItem->iCursor;
-    if( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0 ){
-      Index *pIx = pLevel->plan.u.pIdx;
-      KeyInfo *pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIx);
-      int iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
-      assert( pIx->pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
-      assert( iIdxCur>=0 );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenRead, iIdxCur, pIx->tnum, iDb,
-                        (char*)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-      VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIx->zName));
-    }
-    sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
-  }
-  pWInfo->iTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-
-  /* Generate the code to do the search.  Each iteration of the for
-  ** loop below generates code for a single nested loop of the VM
-  ** program.
-  */
-  notReady = ~(Bitmask)0;
-  for(i=0; i<nTabList; i++){
-    notReady = codeOneLoopStart(pWInfo, i, wctrlFlags, notReady);
-    pWInfo->iContinue = pWInfo->a[i].addrCont;
-  }
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST  /* For testing and debugging use only */
-  /* Record in the query plan information about the current table
-  ** and the index used to access it (if any).  If the table itself
-  ** is not used, its name is just '{}'.  If no index is used
-  ** the index is listed as "{}".  If the primary key is used the
-  ** index name is '*'.
-  */
-  for(i=0; i<nTabList; i++){
-    char *z;
-    int n;
-    pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];
-    pTabItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
-    z = pTabItem->zAlias;
-    if( z==0 ) z = pTabItem->pTab->zName;
-    n = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
-    if( n+nQPlan < sizeof(sqlite3_query_plan)-10 ){
-      if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY ){
-        memcpy(&sqlite3_query_plan[nQPlan], "{}", 2);
-        nQPlan += 2;
-      }else{
-        memcpy(&sqlite3_query_plan[nQPlan], z, n);
-        nQPlan += n;
-      }
-      sqlite3_query_plan[nQPlan++] = ' ';
-    }
-    testcase( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_ROWID_EQ );
-    testcase( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_ROWID_RANGE );
-    if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & (WHERE_ROWID_EQ|WHERE_ROWID_RANGE) ){
-      memcpy(&sqlite3_query_plan[nQPlan], "* ", 2);
-      nQPlan += 2;
-    }else if( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0 ){
-      n = sqlite3Strlen30(pLevel->plan.u.pIdx->zName);
-      if( n+nQPlan < sizeof(sqlite3_query_plan)-2 ){
-        memcpy(&sqlite3_query_plan[nQPlan], pLevel->plan.u.pIdx->zName, n);
-        nQPlan += n;
-        sqlite3_query_plan[nQPlan++] = ' ';
-      }
-    }else{
-      memcpy(&sqlite3_query_plan[nQPlan], "{} ", 3);
-      nQPlan += 3;
-    }
-  }
-  while( nQPlan>0 && sqlite3_query_plan[nQPlan-1]==' ' ){
-    sqlite3_query_plan[--nQPlan] = 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3_query_plan[nQPlan] = 0;
-  nQPlan = 0;
-#endif /* SQLITE_TEST // Testing and debugging use only */
-
-  /* Record the continuation address in the WhereInfo structure.  Then
-  ** clean up and return.
-  */
-  return pWInfo;
-
-  /* Jump here if malloc fails */
-whereBeginError:
-  whereInfoFree(db, pWInfo);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate the end of the WHERE loop.  See comments on 
-** sqlite3WhereBegin() for additional information.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
-  Parse *pParse = pWInfo->pParse;
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int i;
-  WhereLevel *pLevel;
-  SrcList *pTabList = pWInfo->pTabList;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  /* Generate loop termination code.
-  */
-  sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-  for(i=pWInfo->nLevel-1; i>=0; i--){
-    pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];
-    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrCont);
-    if( pLevel->op!=OP_Noop ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, pLevel->op, pLevel->p1, pLevel->p2);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, pLevel->p5);
-    }
-    if( pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE && pLevel->u.in.nIn>0 ){
-      struct InLoop *pIn;
-      int j;
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrNxt);
-      for(j=pLevel->u.in.nIn, pIn=&pLevel->u.in.aInLoop[j-1]; j>0; j--, pIn--){
-        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, pIn->addrInTop+1);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pIn->iCur, pIn->addrInTop);
-        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, pIn->addrInTop-1);
-      }
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop);
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrBrk);
-    if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ){
-      int addr;
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
-      assert( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0
-           || (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0 );
-      if( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pTabList->a[i].iCursor);
-      }
-      if( pLevel->iIdxCur>=0 ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pLevel->iIdxCur);
-      }
-      if( pLevel->op==OP_Return ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pLevel->p1, pLevel->addrFirst);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, pLevel->addrFirst);
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* The "break" point is here, just past the end of the outer loop.
-  ** Set it.
-  */
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pWInfo->iBreak);
-
-  /* Close all of the cursors that were opened by sqlite3WhereBegin.
-  */
-  assert( pWInfo->nLevel==1 || pWInfo->nLevel==pTabList->nSrc );
-  for(i=0, pLevel=pWInfo->a; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++, pLevel++){
-    struct SrcList_item *pTabItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
-    Table *pTab = pTabItem->pTab;
-    assert( pTab!=0 );
-    if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)!=0 || pTab->pSelect ) continue;
-    if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_OMIT_CLOSE)==0 ){
-      if( !pWInfo->okOnePass && (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, pTabItem->iCursor);
-      }
-      if( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0 ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, pLevel->iIdxCur);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* If this scan uses an index, make code substitutions to read data
-    ** from the index in preference to the table. Sometimes, this means
-    ** the table need never be read from. This is a performance boost,
-    ** as the vdbe level waits until the table is read before actually
-    ** seeking the table cursor to the record corresponding to the current
-    ** position in the index.
-    ** 
-    ** Calls to the code generator in between sqlite3WhereBegin and
-    ** sqlite3WhereEnd will have created code that references the table
-    ** directly.  This loop scans all that code looking for opcodes
-    ** that reference the table and converts them into opcodes that
-    ** reference the index.
-    */
-    if( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0 && !db->mallocFailed){
-      int k, j, last;
-      VdbeOp *pOp;
-      Index *pIdx = pLevel->plan.u.pIdx;
-
-      assert( pIdx!=0 );
-      pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, pWInfo->iTop);
-      last = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-      for(k=pWInfo->iTop; k<last; k++, pOp++){
-        if( pOp->p1!=pLevel->iTabCur ) continue;
-        if( pOp->opcode==OP_Column ){
-          for(j=0; j<pIdx->nColumn; j++){
-            if( pOp->p2==pIdx->aiColumn[j] ){
-              pOp->p2 = j;
-              pOp->p1 = pLevel->iIdxCur;
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-          assert( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0
-               || j<pIdx->nColumn );
-        }else if( pOp->opcode==OP_Rowid ){
-          pOp->p1 = pLevel->iIdxCur;
-          pOp->opcode = OP_IdxRowid;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Final cleanup
-  */
-  whereInfoFree(db, pWInfo);
-  return;
-}
-
-/************** End of where.c ***********************************************/
-/************** Begin file parse.c *******************************************/
-/* Driver template for the LEMON parser generator.
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.
-**
-** This version of "lempar.c" is modified, slightly, for use by SQLite.
-** The only modifications are the addition of a couple of NEVER()
-** macros to disable tests that are needed in the case of a general
-** LALR(1) grammar but which are always false in the
-** specific grammar used by SQLite.
-*/
-/* First off, code is included that follows the "include" declaration
-** in the input grammar file. */
-
-
-/*
-** Disable all error recovery processing in the parser push-down
-** automaton.
-*/
-#define YYNOERRORRECOVERY 1
-
-/*
-** Make yytestcase() the same as testcase()
-*/
-#define yytestcase(X) testcase(X)
-
-/*
-** An instance of this structure holds information about the
-** LIMIT clause of a SELECT statement.
-*/
-struct LimitVal {
-  Expr *pLimit;    /* The LIMIT expression.  NULL if there is no limit */
-  Expr *pOffset;   /* The OFFSET expression.  NULL if there is none */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of this structure is used to store the LIKE,
-** GLOB, NOT LIKE, and NOT GLOB operators.
-*/
-struct LikeOp {
-  Token eOperator;  /* "like" or "glob" or "regexp" */
-  int not;         /* True if the NOT keyword is present */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of the following structure describes the event of a
-** TRIGGER.  "a" is the event type, one of TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT,
-** TK_DELETE, or TK_INSTEAD.  If the event is of the form
-**
-**      UPDATE ON (a,b,c)
-**
-** Then the "b" IdList records the list "a,b,c".
-*/
-struct TrigEvent { int a; IdList * b; };
-
-/*
-** An instance of this structure holds the ATTACH key and the key type.
-*/
-struct AttachKey { int type;  Token key; };
-
-
-  /* This is a utility routine used to set the ExprSpan.zStart and
-  ** ExprSpan.zEnd values of pOut so that the span covers the complete
-  ** range of text beginning with pStart and going to the end of pEnd.
-  */
-  static void spanSet(ExprSpan *pOut, Token *pStart, Token *pEnd){
-    pOut->zStart = pStart->z;
-    pOut->zEnd = &pEnd->z[pEnd->n];
-  }
-
-  /* Construct a new Expr object from a single identifier.  Use the
-  ** new Expr to populate pOut.  Set the span of pOut to be the identifier
-  ** that created the expression.
-  */
-  static void spanExpr(ExprSpan *pOut, Parse *pParse, int op, Token *pValue){
-    pOut->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, 0, 0, pValue);
-    pOut->zStart = pValue->z;
-    pOut->zEnd = &pValue->z[pValue->n];
-  }
-
-  /* This routine constructs a binary expression node out of two ExprSpan
-  ** objects and uses the result to populate a new ExprSpan object.
-  */
-  static void spanBinaryExpr(
-    ExprSpan *pOut,     /* Write the result here */
-    Parse *pParse,      /* The parsing context.  Errors accumulate here */
-    int op,             /* The binary operation */
-    ExprSpan *pLeft,    /* The left operand */
-    ExprSpan *pRight    /* The right operand */
-  ){
-    pOut->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pLeft->pExpr, pRight->pExpr, 0);
-    pOut->zStart = pLeft->zStart;
-    pOut->zEnd = pRight->zEnd;
-  }
-
-  /* Construct an expression node for a unary postfix operator
-  */
-  static void spanUnaryPostfix(
-    ExprSpan *pOut,        /* Write the new expression node here */
-    Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context to record errors */
-    int op,                /* The operator */
-    ExprSpan *pOperand,    /* The operand */
-    Token *pPostOp         /* The operand token for setting the span */
-  ){
-    pOut->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pOperand->pExpr, 0, 0);
-    pOut->zStart = pOperand->zStart;
-    pOut->zEnd = &pPostOp->z[pPostOp->n];
-  }                           
-
-  /* A routine to convert a binary TK_IS or TK_ISNOT expression into a
-  ** unary TK_ISNULL or TK_NOTNULL expression. */
-  static void binaryToUnaryIfNull(Parse *pParse, Expr *pY, Expr *pA, int op){
-    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-    if( db->mallocFailed==0 && pY->op==TK_NULL ){
-      pA->op = (u8)op;
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pA->pRight);
-      pA->pRight = 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Construct an expression node for a unary prefix operator
-  */
-  static void spanUnaryPrefix(
-    ExprSpan *pOut,        /* Write the new expression node here */
-    Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context to record errors */
-    int op,                /* The operator */
-    ExprSpan *pOperand,    /* The operand */
-    Token *pPreOp         /* The operand token for setting the span */
-  ){
-    pOut->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pOperand->pExpr, 0, 0);
-    pOut->zStart = pPreOp->z;
-    pOut->zEnd = pOperand->zEnd;
-  }
-/* Next is all token values, in a form suitable for use by makeheaders.
-** This section will be null unless lemon is run with the -m switch.
-*/
-/* 
-** These constants (all generated automatically by the parser generator)
-** specify the various kinds of tokens (terminals) that the parser
-** understands. 
-**
-** Each symbol here is a terminal symbol in the grammar.
-*/
-/* Make sure the INTERFACE macro is defined.
-*/
-#ifndef INTERFACE
-# define INTERFACE 1
-#endif
-/* The next thing included is series of defines which control
-** various aspects of the generated parser.
-**    YYCODETYPE         is the data type used for storing terminal
-**                       and nonterminal numbers.  "unsigned char" is
-**                       used if there are fewer than 250 terminals
-**                       and nonterminals.  "int" is used otherwise.
-**    YYNOCODE           is a number of type YYCODETYPE which corresponds
-**                       to no legal terminal or nonterminal number.  This
-**                       number is used to fill in empty slots of the hash 
-**                       table.
-**    YYFALLBACK         If defined, this indicates that one or more tokens
-**                       have fall-back values which should be used if the
-**                       original value of the token will not parse.
-**    YYACTIONTYPE       is the data type used for storing terminal
-**                       and nonterminal numbers.  "unsigned char" is
-**                       used if there are fewer than 250 rules and
-**                       states combined.  "int" is used otherwise.
-**    sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE     is the data type used for minor tokens given 
-**                       directly to the parser from the tokenizer.
-**    YYMINORTYPE        is the data type used for all minor tokens.
-**                       This is typically a union of many types, one of
-**                       which is sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE.  The entry in the union
-**                       for base tokens is called "yy0".
-**    YYSTACKDEPTH       is the maximum depth of the parser's stack.  If
-**                       zero the stack is dynamically sized using realloc()
-**    sqlite3ParserARG_SDECL     A static variable declaration for the %extra_argument
-**    sqlite3ParserARG_PDECL     A parameter declaration for the %extra_argument
-**    sqlite3ParserARG_STORE     Code to store %extra_argument into yypParser
-**    sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH     Code to extract %extra_argument from yypParser
-**    YYNSTATE           the combined number of states.
-**    YYNRULE            the number of rules in the grammar
-**    YYERRORSYMBOL      is the code number of the error symbol.  If not
-**                       defined, then do no error processing.
-*/
-#define YYCODETYPE unsigned char
-#define YYNOCODE 254
-#define YYACTIONTYPE unsigned short int
-#define YYWILDCARD 67
-#define sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE Token
-typedef union {
-  int yyinit;
-  sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE yy0;
-  Select* yy3;
-  ExprList* yy14;
-  SrcList* yy65;
-  struct LikeOp yy96;
-  Expr* yy132;
-  u8 yy186;
-  int yy328;
-  ExprSpan yy346;
-  struct TrigEvent yy378;
-  IdList* yy408;
-  struct {int value; int mask;} yy429;
-  TriggerStep* yy473;
-  struct LimitVal yy476;
-} YYMINORTYPE;
-#ifndef YYSTACKDEPTH
-#define YYSTACKDEPTH 100
-#endif
-#define sqlite3ParserARG_SDECL Parse *pParse;
-#define sqlite3ParserARG_PDECL ,Parse *pParse
-#define sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH Parse *pParse = yypParser->pParse
-#define sqlite3ParserARG_STORE yypParser->pParse = pParse
-#define YYNSTATE 631
-#define YYNRULE 330
-#define YYFALLBACK 1
-#define YY_NO_ACTION      (YYNSTATE+YYNRULE+2)
-#define YY_ACCEPT_ACTION  (YYNSTATE+YYNRULE+1)
-#define YY_ERROR_ACTION   (YYNSTATE+YYNRULE)
-
-/* The yyzerominor constant is used to initialize instances of
-** YYMINORTYPE objects to zero. */
-static const YYMINORTYPE yyzerominor = { 0 };
-
-/* Define the yytestcase() macro to be a no-op if is not already defined
-** otherwise.
-**
-** Applications can choose to define yytestcase() in the %include section
-** to a macro that can assist in verifying code coverage.  For production
-** code the yytestcase() macro should be turned off.  But it is useful
-** for testing.
-*/
-#ifndef yytestcase
-# define yytestcase(X)
-#endif
-
-
-/* Next are the tables used to determine what action to take based on the
-** current state and lookahead token.  These tables are used to implement
-** functions that take a state number and lookahead value and return an
-** action integer.  
-**
-** Suppose the action integer is N.  Then the action is determined as
-** follows
-**
-**   0 <= N < YYNSTATE                  Shift N.  That is, push the lookahead
-**                                      token onto the stack and goto state N.
-**
-**   YYNSTATE <= N < YYNSTATE+YYNRULE   Reduce by rule N-YYNSTATE.
-**
-**   N == YYNSTATE+YYNRULE              A syntax error has occurred.
-**
-**   N == YYNSTATE+YYNRULE+1            The parser accepts its input.
-**
-**   N == YYNSTATE+YYNRULE+2            No such action.  Denotes unused
-**                                      slots in the yy_action[] table.
-**
-** The action table is constructed as a single large table named yy_action[].
-** Given state S and lookahead X, the action is computed as
-**
-**      yy_action[ yy_shift_ofst[S] + X ]
-**
-** If the index value yy_shift_ofst[S]+X is out of range or if the value
-** yy_lookahead[yy_shift_ofst[S]+X] is not equal to X or if yy_shift_ofst[S]
-** is equal to YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT, it means that the action is not in the table
-** and that yy_default[S] should be used instead.  
-**
-** The formula above is for computing the action when the lookahead is
-** a terminal symbol.  If the lookahead is a non-terminal (as occurs after
-** a reduce action) then the yy_reduce_ofst[] array is used in place of
-** the yy_shift_ofst[] array and YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT is used in place of
-** YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT.
-**
-** The following are the tables generated in this section:
-**
-**  yy_action[]        A single table containing all actions.
-**  yy_lookahead[]     A table containing the lookahead for each entry in
-**                     yy_action.  Used to detect hash collisions.
-**  yy_shift_ofst[]    For each state, the offset into yy_action for
-**                     shifting terminals.
-**  yy_reduce_ofst[]   For each state, the offset into yy_action for
-**                     shifting non-terminals after a reduce.
-**  yy_default[]       Default action for each state.
-*/
-#define YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (1550)
-static const YYACTIONTYPE yy_action[] = {
- /*     0 */   313,   49,  556,   46,  147,  172,  628,  598,   55,   55,
- /*    10 */    55,   55,  302,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,
- /*    20 */    51,   51,   50,  238,  603,   66,  624,  623,  604,  598,
- /*    30 */   591,  585,   48,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,
- /*    40 */    51,   51,   50,  238,   51,   51,   51,   50,  238,   56,
- /*    50 */    57,   47,  583,  582,  584,  584,   54,   54,   55,   55,
- /*    60 */    55,   55,  609,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,
- /*    70 */    51,   51,   50,  238,  313,  598,  672,  330,  411,  217,
- /*    80 */    32,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,   51,   51,
- /*    90 */    50,  238,  330,  414,  621,  620,  166,  598,  673,  382,
- /*   100 */   379,  378,  602,   73,  591,  585,  307,  424,  166,   58,
- /*   110 */   377,  382,  379,  378,  516,  515,  624,  623,  254,  200,
- /*   120 */   199,  198,  377,   56,   57,   47,  583,  582,  584,  584,
- /*   130 */    54,   54,   55,   55,   55,   55,  581,   53,   53,   53,
- /*   140 */    53,   52,   52,   51,   51,   51,   50,  238,  313,  270,
- /*   150 */   226,  422,  283,  133,  177,  139,  284,  385,  279,  384,
- /*   160 */   169,  197,  251,  282,  253,  226,  411,  275,  440,  167,
- /*   170 */   139,  284,  385,  279,  384,  169,  571,  236,  591,  585,
- /*   180 */   240,  414,  275,  622,  621,  620,  674,  437,  441,  442,
- /*   190 */   602,   88,  352,  266,  439,  268,  438,   56,   57,   47,
- /*   200 */   583,  582,  584,  584,   54,   54,   55,   55,   55,   55,
- /*   210 */   465,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,   51,   51,
- /*   220 */    50,  238,  313,  471,   52,   52,   51,   51,   51,   50,
- /*   230 */   238,  234,  166,  491,  567,  382,  379,  378,    1,  440,
- /*   240 */   252,  176,  624,  623,  608,   67,  377,  513,  622,  443,
- /*   250 */   237,  577,  591,  585,  622,  172,  466,  598,  554,  441,
- /*   260 */   340,  409,  526,  580,  580,  349,  596,  553,  194,  482,
- /*   270 */   175,   56,   57,   47,  583,  582,  584,  584,   54,   54,
- /*   280 */    55,   55,   55,   55,  562,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,
- /*   290 */    52,   51,   51,   51,   50,  238,  313,  594,  594,  594,
- /*   300 */   561,  578,  469,   65,  259,  351,  258,  411,  624,  623,
- /*   310 */   621,  620,  332,  576,  575,  240,  560,  568,  520,  411,
- /*   320 */   341,  237,  414,  624,  623,  598,  591,  585,  542,  519,
- /*   330 */   171,  602,   95,   68,  414,  624,  623,  624,  623,   38,
- /*   340 */   877,  506,  507,  602,   88,   56,   57,   47,  583,  582,
- /*   350 */   584,  584,   54,   54,   55,   55,   55,   55,  532,   53,
- /*   360 */    53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,   51,   51,   50,  238,
- /*   370 */   313,  411,  579,  398,  531,  237,  621,  620,  388,  625,
- /*   380 */   500,  206,  167,  396,  233,  312,  414,  387,  569,  492,
- /*   390 */   216,  621,  620,  566,  622,  602,   74,  533,  210,  491,
- /*   400 */   591,  585,  548,  621,  620,  621,  620,  300,  598,  466,
- /*   410 */   481,   67,  603,   35,  622,  601,  604,  547,    6,   56,
- /*   420 */    57,   47,  583,  582,  584,  584,   54,   54,   55,   55,
- /*   430 */    55,   55,  601,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,
- /*   440 */    51,   51,   50,  238,  313,  411,  184,  409,  528,  580,
- /*   450 */   580,  551,  962,  186,  419,    2,  353,  259,  351,  258,
- /*   460 */   414,  409,  411,  580,  580,   44,  411,  544,  240,  602,
- /*   470 */    94,  190,    7,   62,  591,  585,  598,  414,  350,  607,
- /*   480 */   493,  414,  409,  317,  580,  580,  602,   95,  496,  565,
- /*   490 */   602,   80,  203,   56,   57,   47,  583,  582,  584,  584,
- /*   500 */    54,   54,   55,   55,   55,   55,  535,   53,   53,   53,
- /*   510 */    53,   52,   52,   51,   51,   51,   50,  238,  313,  202,
- /*   520 */   564,  293,  511,   49,  562,   46,  147,  411,  394,  183,
- /*   530 */   563,  549,  505,  549,  174,  409,  322,  580,  580,   39,
- /*   540 */   561,   37,  414,  624,  623,  192,  473,  383,  591,  585,
- /*   550 */   474,  602,   80,  601,  504,  544,  560,  364,  402,  210,
- /*   560 */   421,  952,  361,  952,  365,  201,  144,   56,   57,   47,
- /*   570 */   583,  582,  584,  584,   54,   54,   55,   55,   55,   55,
- /*   580 */   559,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,   51,   51,
- /*   590 */    50,  238,  313,  601,  232,  264,  272,  321,  374,  484,
- /*   600 */   510,  146,  342,  146,  328,  425,  485,  407,  576,  575,
- /*   610 */   622,  621,  620,   49,  168,   46,  147,  353,  546,  491,
- /*   620 */   204,  240,  591,  585,  421,  951,  549,  951,  549,  168,
- /*   630 */   429,   67,  390,  343,  622,  434,  307,  423,  338,  360,
- /*   640 */   391,   56,   57,   47,  583,  582,  584,  584,   54,   54,
- /*   650 */    55,   55,   55,   55,  601,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,
- /*   660 */    52,   51,   51,   51,   50,  238,  313,   34,  318,  425,
- /*   670 */   237,   21,  359,  273,  411,  167,  411,  276,  411,  540,
- /*   680 */   411,  422,   13,  318,  619,  618,  617,  622,  275,  414,
- /*   690 */   336,  414,  622,  414,  622,  414,  591,  585,  602,   69,
- /*   700 */   602,   97,  602,  100,  602,   98,  631,  629,  334,  475,
- /*   710 */   475,  367,  319,  148,  327,   56,   57,   47,  583,  582,
- /*   720 */   584,  584,   54,   54,   55,   55,   55,   55,  411,   53,
- /*   730 */    53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,   51,   51,   50,  238,
- /*   740 */   313,  411,  331,  414,  411,   49,  276,   46,  147,  569,
- /*   750 */   406,  216,  602,  106,  573,  573,  414,  354,  524,  414,
- /*   760 */   411,  622,  411,  224,    4,  602,  104,  605,  602,  108,
- /*   770 */   591,  585,  622,   20,  375,  414,  167,  414,  215,  144,
- /*   780 */   470,  239,  167,  225,  602,  109,  602,  134,   18,   56,
- /*   790 */    57,   47,  583,  582,  584,  584,   54,   54,   55,   55,
- /*   800 */    55,   55,  411,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,
- /*   810 */    51,   51,   50,  238,  313,  411,  276,  414,   12,  459,
- /*   820 */   276,  171,  411,   16,  223,  189,  602,  135,  354,  170,
- /*   830 */   414,  622,  630,    2,  411,  622,  540,  414,  143,  602,
- /*   840 */    61,  359,  132,  622,  591,  585,  602,  105,  458,  414,
- /*   850 */    23,  622,  446,  326,   23,  538,  622,  325,  602,  103,
- /*   860 */   427,  530,  309,   56,   57,   47,  583,  582,  584,  584,
- /*   870 */    54,   54,   55,   55,   55,   55,  411,   53,   53,   53,
- /*   880 */    53,   52,   52,   51,   51,   51,   50,  238,  313,  411,
- /*   890 */   264,  414,  411,  276,  359,  219,  157,  214,  357,  366,
- /*   900 */   602,   96,  522,  521,  414,  622,  358,  414,  622,  622,
- /*   910 */   411,  613,  612,  602,  102,  142,  602,   77,  591,  585,
- /*   920 */   529,  540,  231,  426,  308,  414,  622,  622,  468,  521,
- /*   930 */   324,  601,  257,  263,  602,   99,  622,   56,   45,   47,
- /*   940 */   583,  582,  584,  584,   54,   54,   55,   55,   55,   55,
- /*   950 */   411,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,   51,   51,
- /*   960 */    50,  238,  313,  264,  264,  414,  411,  213,  209,  544,
- /*   970 */   544,  207,  611,   28,  602,  138,   50,  238,  622,  622,
- /*   980 */   381,  414,  503,  140,  323,  222,  274,  622,  590,  589,
- /*   990 */   602,  137,  591,  585,  629,  334,  606,   30,  622,  571,
- /*  1000 */   236,  601,  601,  130,  496,  601,  453,  451,  288,  286,
- /*  1010 */   587,  586,   57,   47,  583,  582,  584,  584,   54,   54,
- /*  1020 */    55,   55,   55,   55,  411,   53,   53,   53,   53,   52,
- /*  1030 */    52,   51,   51,   51,   50,  238,  313,  588,  411,  414,
- /*  1040 */   411,  264,  410,  129,  595,  400,   27,  376,  602,  136,
- /*  1050 */   128,  165,  479,  414,  282,  414,  622,  622,  411,  622,
- /*  1060 */   622,  411,  602,   76,  602,   93,  591,  585,  188,  372,
- /*  1070 */   368,  125,  476,  414,  261,  160,  414,  171,  124,  472,
- /*  1080 */   123,   15,  602,   92,  450,  602,   75,   47,  583,  582,
- /*  1090 */   584,  584,   54,   54,   55,   55,   55,   55,  464,   53,
- /*  1100 */    53,   53,   53,   52,   52,   51,   51,   51,   50,  238,
- /*  1110 */    43,  405,  264,    3,  558,  264,  545,  415,  623,  159,
- /*  1120 */   541,  158,  539,  278,   25,  461,  121,  622,  408,  622,
- /*  1130 */   622,  622,   24,   43,  405,  622,    3,  622,  622,  120,
- /*  1140 */   415,  623,   11,  456,  411,  156,  452,  403,  509,  277,
- /*  1150 */   118,  408,  489,  113,  205,  449,  271,  567,  221,  414,
- /*  1160 */   269,  267,  155,  622,  622,  111,  411,  622,  602,   95,
- /*  1170 */   403,  622,  411,  110,   10,  622,  622,   40,   41,  534,
- /*  1180 */   567,  414,   64,  264,   42,  413,  412,  414,  601,  596,
- /*  1190 */   602,   91,  445,  436,  150,  435,  602,   90,  622,  265,
- /*  1200 */    40,   41,  337,  242,  411,  191,  333,   42,  413,  412,
- /*  1210 */   398,  420,  596,  316,  622,  399,  260,  107,  230,  414,
- /*  1220 */   594,  594,  594,  593,  592,   14,  220,  411,  602,  101,
- /*  1230 */   240,  622,   43,  405,  362,    3,  149,  315,  626,  415,
- /*  1240 */   623,  127,  414,  594,  594,  594,  593,  592,   14,  622,
- /*  1250 */   408,  602,   89,  411,  181,   33,  405,  463,    3,  411,
- /*  1260 */   264,  462,  415,  623,  616,  615,  614,  355,  414,  403,
- /*  1270 */   417,  416,  622,  408,  414,  622,  622,  602,   87,  567,
- /*  1280 */   418,  627,  622,  602,   86,    8,  241,  180,  126,  255,
- /*  1290 */   600,  178,  403,  240,  208,  455,  395,  294,  444,   40,
- /*  1300 */    41,  297,  567,  248,  622,  296,   42,  413,  412,  247,
- /*  1310 */   622,  596,  244,  622,   30,   60,   31,  243,  430,  624,
- /*  1320 */   623,  292,   40,   41,  622,  295,  145,  622,  601,   42,
- /*  1330 */   413,  412,  622,  622,  596,  393,  622,  397,  599,   59,
- /*  1340 */   235,  622,  594,  594,  594,  593,  592,   14,  218,  291,
- /*  1350 */   622,   36,  344,  305,  304,  303,  179,  301,  411,  567,
- /*  1360 */   454,  557,  173,  185,  622,  594,  594,  594,  593,  592,
- /*  1370 */    14,  411,   29,  414,  151,  289,  246,  523,  411,  196,
- /*  1380 */   195,  335,  602,   85,  411,  245,  414,  526,  392,  543,
- /*  1390 */   411,  596,  287,  414,  285,  602,   72,  537,  153,  414,
- /*  1400 */   466,  411,  602,   71,  154,  414,  411,  152,  602,   84,
- /*  1410 */   386,  536,  329,  411,  602,   83,  414,  518,  280,  411,
- /*  1420 */   513,  414,  594,  594,  594,  602,   82,  517,  414,  311,
- /*  1430 */   602,   81,  411,  514,  414,  512,  131,  602,   70,  229,
- /*  1440 */   228,  227,  494,  602,   17,  411,  488,  414,  259,  346,
- /*  1450 */   249,  389,  487,  486,  314,  164,  602,   79,  310,  240,
- /*  1460 */   414,  373,  480,  163,  262,  371,  414,  162,  369,  602,
- /*  1470 */    78,  212,  478,   26,  477,  602,    9,  161,  467,  363,
- /*  1480 */   141,  122,  339,  187,  119,  457,  348,  347,  117,  116,
- /*  1490 */   115,  112,  114,  448,  182,   22,  320,  433,  432,  431,
- /*  1500 */    19,  428,  610,  597,  574,  193,  572,   63,  298,  404,
- /*  1510 */   555,  552,  290,  281,  510,  460,  498,  499,  495,  447,
- /*  1520 */   356,  497,  256,  380,  306,  570,    5,  250,  345,  238,
- /*  1530 */   299,  550,  527,  490,  508,  525,  502,  401,  501,  963,
- /*  1540 */   211,  963,  483,  963,  963,  963,  963,  963,  963,  370,
-};
-static const YYCODETYPE yy_lookahead[] = {
- /*     0 */    19,  222,  223,  224,  225,   24,    1,   26,   77,   78,
- /*    10 */    79,   80,   15,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*    20 */    89,   90,   91,   92,  113,   22,   26,   27,  117,   26,
- /*    30 */    49,   50,   81,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*    40 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   68,
- /*    50 */    69,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*    60 */    79,   80,   23,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*    70 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   19,   94,  118,   19,  150,   22,
- /*    80 */    25,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,
- /*    90 */    91,   92,   19,  165,   94,   95,   96,   94,  118,   99,
- /*   100 */   100,  101,  174,  175,   49,   50,   22,   23,   96,   54,
- /*   110 */   110,   99,  100,  101,    7,    8,   26,   27,   16,  105,
- /*   120 */   106,  107,  110,   68,   69,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,
- /*   130 */    75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,  113,   82,   83,   84,
- /*   140 */    85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   19,   16,
- /*   150 */    92,   67,   98,   24,   96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,
- /*   160 */   102,   25,   60,  109,   62,   92,  150,  109,  150,   25,
- /*   170 */    97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,   86,   87,   49,   50,
- /*   180 */   116,  165,  109,  165,   94,   95,  118,   97,  170,  171,
- /*   190 */   174,  175,  128,   60,  104,   62,  106,   68,   69,   70,
- /*   200 */    71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,
- /*   210 */    11,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,
- /*   220 */    91,   92,   19,   21,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,
- /*   230 */    92,  215,   96,  150,   66,   99,  100,  101,   22,  150,
- /*   240 */   138,  118,   26,   27,  161,  162,  110,  103,  165,  231,
- /*   250 */   232,   23,   49,   50,  165,   24,   57,   26,   32,  170,
- /*   260 */   171,  112,   94,  114,  115,   63,   98,   41,  185,  186,
- /*   270 */   118,   68,   69,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,
- /*   280 */    77,   78,   79,   80,   12,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,
- /*   290 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   19,  129,  130,  131,
- /*   300 */    28,   23,  100,   25,  105,  106,  107,  150,   26,   27,
- /*   310 */    94,   95,  169,  170,  171,  116,   44,   23,   46,  150,
- /*   320 */   231,  232,  165,   26,   27,   94,   49,   50,   23,   57,
- /*   330 */    25,  174,  175,   22,  165,   26,   27,   26,   27,  136,
- /*   340 */   138,   97,   98,  174,  175,   68,   69,   70,   71,   72,
- /*   350 */    73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,   23,   82,
- /*   360 */    83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,
- /*   370 */    19,  150,   23,  216,   23,  232,   94,   95,  221,  150,
- /*   380 */    23,  160,   25,  214,  215,  163,  165,   88,  166,  167,
- /*   390 */   168,   94,   95,   23,  165,  174,  175,   88,  160,  150,
- /*   400 */    49,   50,  120,   94,   95,   94,   95,  158,   26,   57,
- /*   410 */   161,  162,  113,  136,  165,  194,  117,  120,   22,   68,
- /*   420 */    69,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*   430 */    79,   80,  194,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*   440 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   19,  150,   23,  112,   23,  114,
- /*   450 */   115,   25,  142,  143,  144,  145,  218,  105,  106,  107,
- /*   460 */   165,  112,  150,  114,  115,   22,  150,  166,  116,  174,
- /*   470 */   175,   22,   76,  235,   49,   50,   94,  165,  240,  172,
- /*   480 */   173,  165,  112,  155,  114,  115,  174,  175,  181,   11,
- /*   490 */   174,  175,   22,   68,   69,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,
- /*   500 */    75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,  205,   82,   83,   84,
- /*   510 */    85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   19,  160,
- /*   520 */    23,  226,   23,  222,   12,  224,  225,  150,  216,   23,
- /*   530 */    23,   25,   36,   25,   25,  112,  220,  114,  115,  135,
- /*   540 */    28,  137,  165,   26,   27,  119,   30,   51,   49,   50,
- /*   550 */    34,  174,  175,  194,   58,  166,   44,  229,   46,  160,
- /*   560 */    22,   23,  234,   25,   48,  206,  207,   68,   69,   70,
- /*   570 */    71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,
- /*   580 */    23,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,
- /*   590 */    91,   92,   19,  194,  205,  150,   23,  220,   19,  181,
- /*   600 */   182,   95,   97,   95,  108,   67,  188,  169,  170,  171,
- /*   610 */   165,   94,   95,  222,   50,  224,  225,  218,  120,  150,
- /*   620 */   160,  116,   49,   50,   22,   23,  120,   25,  120,   50,
- /*   630 */   161,  162,   19,  128,  165,  244,   22,   23,  193,  240,
- /*   640 */    27,   68,   69,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,
- /*   650 */    77,   78,   79,   80,  194,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,
- /*   660 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   19,   25,  104,   67,
- /*   670 */   232,   24,  150,   23,  150,   25,  150,  150,  150,  150,
- /*   680 */   150,   67,   25,  104,    7,    8,    9,  165,  109,  165,
- /*   690 */   245,  165,  165,  165,  165,  165,   49,   50,  174,  175,
- /*   700 */   174,  175,  174,  175,  174,  175,    0,    1,    2,  105,
- /*   710 */   106,  107,  248,  249,  187,   68,   69,   70,   71,   72,
- /*   720 */    73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,  150,   82,
- /*   730 */    83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,
- /*   740 */    19,  150,  213,  165,  150,  222,  150,  224,  225,  166,
- /*   750 */   167,  168,  174,  175,  129,  130,  165,  150,  165,  165,
- /*   760 */   150,  165,  150,  241,   35,  174,  175,  174,  174,  175,
- /*   770 */    49,   50,  165,   52,   23,  165,   25,  165,  206,  207,
- /*   780 */    23,  197,   25,  187,  174,  175,  174,  175,  204,   68,
- /*   790 */    69,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*   800 */    79,   80,  150,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*   810 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   19,  150,  150,  165,   35,   23,
- /*   820 */   150,   25,  150,   22,  217,   24,  174,  175,  150,   35,
- /*   830 */   165,  165,  144,  145,  150,  165,  150,  165,  118,  174,
- /*   840 */   175,  150,   22,  165,   49,   50,  174,  175,   23,  165,
- /*   850 */    25,  165,   23,  187,   25,   27,  165,  187,  174,  175,
- /*   860 */    23,   23,   25,   68,   69,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,
- /*   870 */    75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,  150,   82,   83,   84,
- /*   880 */    85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   19,  150,
- /*   890 */   150,  165,  150,  150,  150,  217,   25,  160,   19,  213,
- /*   900 */   174,  175,  190,  191,  165,  165,   27,  165,  165,  165,
- /*   910 */   150,  150,  150,  174,  175,   39,  174,  175,   49,   50,
- /*   920 */    23,  150,   52,  250,  251,  165,  165,  165,  190,  191,
- /*   930 */   187,  194,  241,  193,  174,  175,  165,   68,   69,   70,
- /*   940 */    71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,
- /*   950 */   150,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,
- /*   960 */    91,   92,   19,  150,  150,  165,  150,  160,  160,  166,
- /*   970 */   166,  160,  150,   22,  174,  175,   91,   92,  165,  165,
- /*   980 */    52,  165,   29,  150,  213,  241,   23,  165,   49,   50,
- /*   990 */   174,  175,   49,   50,    1,    2,  173,  126,  165,   86,
- /*  1000 */    87,  194,  194,   22,  181,  194,  193,  193,  205,  205,
- /*  1010 */    71,   72,   69,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,
- /*  1020 */    77,   78,   79,   80,  150,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,
- /*  1030 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   19,   98,  150,  165,
- /*  1040 */   150,  150,  150,   22,  150,  150,   22,   52,  174,  175,
- /*  1050 */    22,  102,   20,  165,  109,  165,  165,  165,  150,  165,
- /*  1060 */   165,  150,  174,  175,  174,  175,   49,   50,   24,   19,
- /*  1070 */    43,  104,   59,  165,  138,  104,  165,   25,   53,   53,
- /*  1080 */    22,    5,  174,  175,  193,  174,  175,   70,   71,   72,
- /*  1090 */    73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,    1,   82,
- /*  1100 */    83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,
- /*  1110 */    19,   20,  150,   22,  150,  150,  150,   26,   27,  118,
- /*  1120 */   150,   35,  150,  150,   76,   27,  108,  165,   37,  165,
- /*  1130 */   165,  165,   76,   19,   20,  165,   22,  165,  165,  127,
- /*  1140 */    26,   27,   22,    1,  150,   16,   20,   56,  150,  150,
- /*  1150 */   119,   37,  150,  119,  160,  193,  150,   66,  193,  165,
- /*  1160 */   150,  150,  121,  165,  165,  108,  150,  165,  174,  175,
- /*  1170 */    56,  165,  150,  127,   22,  165,  165,   86,   87,   88,
- /*  1180 */    66,  165,   16,  150,   93,   94,   95,  165,  194,   98,
- /*  1190 */   174,  175,  128,   23,   15,   23,  174,  175,  165,  150,
- /*  1200 */    86,   87,   65,  140,  150,   22,    3,   93,   94,   95,
- /*  1210 */   216,    4,   98,  252,  165,  221,  150,  164,  180,  165,
- /*  1220 */   129,  130,  131,  132,  133,  134,  193,  150,  174,  175,
- /*  1230 */   116,  165,   19,   20,  150,   22,  249,  252,  149,   26,
- /*  1240 */    27,  180,  165,  129,  130,  131,  132,  133,  134,  165,
- /*  1250 */    37,  174,  175,  150,    6,   19,   20,  150,   22,  150,
- /*  1260 */   150,  150,   26,   27,  149,  149,   13,  150,  165,   56,
- /*  1270 */   149,  159,  165,   37,  165,  165,  165,  174,  175,   66,
- /*  1280 */   146,  147,  165,  174,  175,   25,  152,  151,  154,  150,
- /*  1290 */   194,  151,   56,  116,  160,  150,  123,  202,  150,   86,
- /*  1300 */    87,  199,   66,  193,  165,  200,   93,   94,   95,  150,
- /*  1310 */   165,   98,  150,  165,  126,   22,  124,  150,  150,   26,
- /*  1320 */    27,  150,   86,   87,  165,  201,  150,  165,  194,   93,
- /*  1330 */    94,   95,  165,  165,   98,  150,  165,  122,  203,  125,
- /*  1340 */   227,  165,  129,  130,  131,  132,  133,  134,    5,  150,
- /*  1350 */   165,  135,  218,   10,   11,   12,   13,   14,  150,   66,
- /*  1360 */    17,  157,  118,  157,  165,  129,  130,  131,  132,  133,
- /*  1370 */   134,  150,  104,  165,   31,  210,   33,  176,  150,   86,
- /*  1380 */    87,  247,  174,  175,  150,   42,  165,   94,  121,  211,
- /*  1390 */   150,   98,  210,  165,  210,  174,  175,  211,   55,  165,
- /*  1400 */    57,  150,  174,  175,   61,  165,  150,   64,  174,  175,
- /*  1410 */   104,  211,   47,  150,  174,  175,  165,  176,  176,  150,
- /*  1420 */   103,  165,  129,  130,  131,  174,  175,  184,  165,  179,
- /*  1430 */   174,  175,  150,  178,  165,  176,   22,  174,  175,  230,
- /*  1440 */    92,  230,  184,  174,  175,  150,  176,  165,  105,  106,
- /*  1450 */   107,  150,  176,  176,  111,  156,  174,  175,  179,  116,
- /*  1460 */   165,   18,  157,  156,  238,  157,  165,  156,   45,  174,
- /*  1470 */   175,  157,  157,  135,  239,  174,  175,  156,  189,  157,
- /*  1480 */    68,  189,  139,  219,   22,  199,  157,   18,  192,  192,
- /*  1490 */   192,  189,  192,  199,  219,  243,  157,   40,  157,  157,
- /*  1500 */   243,   38,  153,  166,  233,  196,  233,  246,  198,  228,
- /*  1510 */   177,  177,  209,  177,  182,  199,  166,  177,  166,  199,
- /*  1520 */   242,  177,  242,  178,  148,  166,  196,  209,  209,   92,
- /*  1530 */   195,  208,  174,  186,  183,  174,  183,  191,  183,  253,
- /*  1540 */   236,  253,  186,  253,  253,  253,  253,  253,  253,  237,
-};
-#define YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT (-90)
-#define YY_SHIFT_COUNT (418)
-#define YY_SHIFT_MIN   (-89)
-#define YY_SHIFT_MAX   (1469)
-static const short yy_shift_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */   993, 1114, 1343, 1114, 1213, 1213,   90,   90,    0,  -19,
- /*    10 */  1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213,  352,  517,  721, 1091, 1213,
- /*    20 */  1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213,
- /*    30 */  1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213,
- /*    40 */  1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1236, 1213, 1213,
- /*    50 */  1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213, 1213,
- /*    60 */  1213,  -49,  199,  517,  517,  913,  913,  382, 1177,   55,
- /*    70 */   647,  573,  499,  425,  351,  277,  203,  129,  795,  795,
- /*    80 */   795,  795,  795,  795,  795,  795,  795,  795,  795,  795,
- /*    90 */   795,  795,  795,  795,  795,  795,  869,  795,  943, 1017,
- /*   100 */  1017,  -69,  -69,  -69,  -69,   -1,   -1,   58,  138,  -44,
- /*   110 */   517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,
- /*   120 */   517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  202,  579,  517,  517,
- /*   130 */   517,  517,  517,  382,  885, 1437,  -90,  -90,  -90, 1293,
- /*   140 */    73,  272,  272,  309,  311,  297,  282,  216,  602,  538,
- /*   150 */   517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,
- /*   160 */   517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,
- /*   170 */   517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,  517,
- /*   180 */   517,  517,  505,  231,  231,  231,  706,   64, 1177, 1177,
- /*   190 */  1177,  -90,  -90,  -90,  136,  168,  168,   12,  496,  496,
- /*   200 */   496,  506,  423,  512,  370,  349,  335,  149,  149,  149,
- /*   210 */   149,  604,  516,  149,  149,  508,    3,  299,  677,  871,
- /*   220 */   613,  613,  879,  871,  879,  144,  382,  226,  382,  226,
- /*   230 */   564,  226,  613,  226,  226,  404,  625,  625,  382,  426,
- /*   240 */   -89,  801, 1463, 1244, 1244, 1457, 1457, 1244, 1462, 1412,
- /*   250 */  1188, 1469, 1469, 1469, 1469, 1244, 1188, 1462, 1412, 1412,
- /*   260 */  1244, 1443, 1338, 1423, 1244, 1244, 1443, 1244, 1443, 1244,
- /*   270 */  1443, 1414, 1306, 1306, 1306, 1365, 1348, 1348, 1414, 1306,
- /*   280 */  1317, 1306, 1365, 1306, 1306, 1267, 1268, 1267, 1268, 1267,
- /*   290 */  1268, 1244, 1244, 1216, 1214, 1215, 1192, 1173, 1188, 1177,
- /*   300 */  1260, 1253, 1253, 1248, 1248, 1248, 1248,  -90,  -90,  -90,
- /*   310 */   -90,  -90,  -90,  939,  102,  614,   84,  133,   14,  837,
- /*   320 */   396,  829,  825,  796,  757,  751,  650,  357,  244,  107,
- /*   330 */    54,  305,  278, 1207, 1203, 1183, 1063, 1179, 1137, 1166,
- /*   340 */  1172, 1170, 1064, 1152, 1046, 1057, 1034, 1126, 1041, 1129,
- /*   350 */  1142, 1031, 1120, 1012, 1056, 1048, 1018, 1098, 1086, 1001,
- /*   360 */  1097, 1076, 1058,  971,  936, 1026, 1052, 1025, 1013, 1027,
- /*   370 */   967, 1044, 1032, 1050,  945,  949, 1028,  995, 1024, 1021,
- /*   380 */   963,  981,  928,  953,  951,  870,  876,  897,  838,  720,
- /*   390 */   828,  794,  820,  498,  642,  783,  657,  729,  642,  557,
- /*   400 */   507,  509,  497,  470,  478,  449,  294,  228,  443,   23,
- /*   410 */   152,  123,   68,  -20,  -42,   57,   39,   -3,    5,
-};
-#define YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT (-222)
-#define YY_REDUCE_COUNT (312)
-#define YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-221)
-#define YY_REDUCE_MAX   (1376)
-static const short yy_reduce_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */   310,  994, 1134,  221,  169,  157,   89,   18,   83,  301,
- /*    10 */   377,  316,  312,   16,  295,  238,  249,  391, 1301, 1295,
- /*    20 */  1282, 1269, 1263, 1256, 1251, 1240, 1234, 1228, 1221, 1208,
- /*    30 */  1109, 1103, 1077, 1054, 1022, 1016,  911,  908,  890,  888,
- /*    40 */   874,  816,  800,  760,  742,  739,  726,  684,  672,  665,
- /*    50 */   652,  612,  610,  594,  591,  578,  530,  528,  526,  524,
- /*    60 */   -72, -221,  399,  469,  445,  438,  143,  222,  359,  523,
- /*    70 */   523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,
- /*    80 */   523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,
- /*    90 */   523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,
- /*   100 */   523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  307,  523,  523,
- /*   110 */  1110,  678, 1033,  965,  962,  891,  814,  813,  744,  771,
- /*   120 */   691,  607,  522,  743,  686,  740,  328,  418,  670,  666,
- /*   130 */   596,  527,  529,  583,  523,  523,  523,  523,  523,  593,
- /*   140 */   823,  738,  712,  892, 1199, 1185, 1176, 1171,  673,  673,
- /*   150 */  1168, 1167, 1162, 1159, 1148, 1145, 1139, 1117, 1111, 1107,
- /*   160 */  1084, 1066, 1049, 1011, 1010, 1006, 1002,  999,  998,  973,
- /*   170 */   972,  970,  966,  964,  895,  894,  892,  833,  822,  762,
- /*   180 */   761,  229,  811,  804,  803,  389,  688,  808,  807,  737,
- /*   190 */   460,  464,  572,  584, 1356, 1361, 1358, 1347, 1355, 1353,
- /*   200 */  1351, 1323, 1335, 1346, 1335, 1335, 1335, 1335, 1335, 1335,
- /*   210 */  1335, 1312, 1304, 1335, 1335, 1323, 1359, 1330, 1376, 1320,
- /*   220 */  1319, 1318, 1280, 1316, 1278, 1345, 1352, 1344, 1350, 1340,
- /*   230 */  1332, 1336, 1303, 1334, 1333, 1281, 1273, 1271, 1337, 1310,
- /*   240 */  1309, 1349, 1261, 1342, 1341, 1257, 1252, 1339, 1275, 1302,
- /*   250 */  1294, 1300, 1298, 1297, 1296, 1329, 1286, 1264, 1292, 1289,
- /*   260 */  1322, 1321, 1235, 1226, 1315, 1314, 1311, 1308, 1307, 1305,
- /*   270 */  1299, 1279, 1277, 1276, 1270, 1258, 1211, 1209, 1250, 1259,
- /*   280 */  1255, 1242, 1243, 1241, 1201, 1200, 1184, 1186, 1182, 1178,
- /*   290 */  1165, 1206, 1204, 1113, 1135, 1095, 1124, 1105, 1102, 1096,
- /*   300 */  1112, 1140, 1136, 1121, 1116, 1115, 1089,  985,  961,  987,
- /*   310 */  1061, 1038, 1053,
-};
-static const YYACTIONTYPE yy_default[] = {
- /*     0 */   636,  872,  961,  961,  961,  872,  901,  901,  961,  760,
- /*    10 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  870,  961,  961,  935,  961,  961,
- /*    20 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*    30 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*    40 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*    50 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*    60 */   961,  844,  961,  961,  961,  901,  901,  675,  764,  795,
- /*    70 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  934,  936,
- /*    80 */   810,  809,  803,  802,  914,  775,  800,  793,  786,  797,
- /*    90 */   873,  866,  867,  865,  869,  874,  961,  796,  832,  850,
- /*   100 */   831,  849,  856,  848,  834,  843,  833,  667,  835,  836,
- /*   110 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   120 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  662,  729,  961,  961,
- /*   130 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  837,  838,  853,  852,  851,  961,
- /*   140 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   150 */   961,  941,  939,  961,  885,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   160 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   170 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   180 */   961,  642,  961,  760,  760,  760,  636,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   190 */   961,  953,  764,  754,  720,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   200 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  805,  743,  924,
- /*   210 */   926,  961,  907,  741,  664,  762,  677,  752,  644,  799,
- /*   220 */   777,  777,  919,  799,  919,  701,  961,  789,  961,  789,
- /*   230 */   698,  789,  777,  789,  789,  868,  961,  961,  961,  761,
- /*   240 */   752,  961,  946,  768,  768,  938,  938,  768,  811,  733,
- /*   250 */   799,  740,  740,  740,  740,  768,  799,  811,  733,  733,
- /*   260 */   768,  659,  913,  911,  768,  768,  659,  768,  659,  768,
- /*   270 */   659,  878,  731,  731,  731,  716,  882,  882,  878,  731,
- /*   280 */   701,  731,  716,  731,  731,  781,  776,  781,  776,  781,
- /*   290 */   776,  768,  768,  961,  794,  782,  792,  790,  799,  961,
- /*   300 */   719,  652,  652,  641,  641,  641,  641,  958,  958,  953,
- /*   310 */   703,  703,  685,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   320 */   887,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   330 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  637,  948,  961,  961,  945,  961,
- /*   340 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   350 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  917,
- /*   360 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  910,  909,  961,  961,
- /*   370 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   380 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,
- /*   390 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  791,  961,  783,  961,  871,  961,
- /*   400 */   961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  961,  746,
- /*   410 */   820,  961,  819,  823,  818,  669,  961,  650,  961,  633,
- /*   420 */   638,  957,  960,  959,  956,  955,  954,  949,  947,  944,
- /*   430 */   943,  942,  940,  937,  933,  891,  889,  896,  895,  894,
- /*   440 */   893,  892,  890,  888,  886,  806,  804,  801,  798,  932,
- /*   450 */   884,  742,  739,  738,  658,  950,  916,  925,  923,  812,
- /*   460 */   922,  921,  920,  918,  915,  902,  808,  807,  734,  876,
- /*   470 */   875,  661,  906,  905,  904,  908,  912,  903,  770,  660,
- /*   480 */   657,  666,  723,  722,  730,  728,  727,  726,  725,  724,
- /*   490 */   721,  668,  676,  687,  715,  700,  699,  881,  883,  880,
- /*   500 */   879,  708,  707,  713,  712,  711,  710,  709,  706,  705,
- /*   510 */   704,  697,  696,  702,  695,  718,  717,  714,  694,  737,
- /*   520 */   736,  735,  732,  693,  692,  691,  823,  690,  689,  829,
- /*   530 */   828,  816,  860,  757,  756,  755,  767,  766,  779,  778,
- /*   540 */   814,  813,  780,  765,  759,  758,  774,  773,  772,  771,
- /*   550 */   763,  753,  785,  788,  787,  784,  845,  862,  769,  859,
- /*   560 */   931,  930,  929,  928,  927,  864,  863,  830,  827,  680,
- /*   570 */   681,  900,  898,  899,  897,  683,  682,  679,  678,  861,
- /*   580 */   748,  747,  857,  854,  846,  841,  858,  855,  847,  842,
- /*   590 */   840,  839,  825,  824,  822,  821,  817,  826,  671,  749,
- /*   600 */   745,  744,  815,  751,  750,  688,  686,  684,  665,  663,
- /*   610 */   656,  654,  653,  655,  651,  649,  648,  647,  646,  645,
- /*   620 */   674,  673,  672,  670,  669,  643,  640,  639,  635,  634,
- /*   630 */   632,
-};
-
-/* The next table maps tokens into fallback tokens.  If a construct
-** like the following:
-** 
-**      %fallback ID X Y Z.
-**
-** appears in the grammar, then ID becomes a fallback token for X, Y,
-** and Z.  Whenever one of the tokens X, Y, or Z is input to the parser
-** but it does not parse, the type of the token is changed to ID and
-** the parse is retried before an error is thrown.
-*/
-#ifdef YYFALLBACK
-static const YYCODETYPE yyFallback[] = {
-    0,  /*          $ => nothing */
-    0,  /*       SEMI => nothing */
-   26,  /*    EXPLAIN => ID */
-   26,  /*      QUERY => ID */
-   26,  /*       PLAN => ID */
-   26,  /*      BEGIN => ID */
-    0,  /* TRANSACTION => nothing */
-   26,  /*   DEFERRED => ID */
-   26,  /*  IMMEDIATE => ID */
-   26,  /*  EXCLUSIVE => ID */
-    0,  /*     COMMIT => nothing */
-   26,  /*        END => ID */
-   26,  /*   ROLLBACK => ID */
-   26,  /*  SAVEPOINT => ID */
-   26,  /*    RELEASE => ID */
-    0,  /*         TO => nothing */
-    0,  /*      TABLE => nothing */
-    0,  /*     CREATE => nothing */
-   26,  /*         IF => ID */
-    0,  /*        NOT => nothing */
-    0,  /*     EXISTS => nothing */
-   26,  /*       TEMP => ID */
-    0,  /*         LP => nothing */
-    0,  /*         RP => nothing */
-    0,  /*         AS => nothing */
-    0,  /*      COMMA => nothing */
-    0,  /*         ID => nothing */
-    0,  /*    INDEXED => nothing */
-   26,  /*      ABORT => ID */
-   26,  /*     ACTION => ID */
-   26,  /*      AFTER => ID */
-   26,  /*    ANALYZE => ID */
-   26,  /*        ASC => ID */
-   26,  /*     ATTACH => ID */
-   26,  /*     BEFORE => ID */
-   26,  /*         BY => ID */
-   26,  /*    CASCADE => ID */
-   26,  /*       CAST => ID */
-   26,  /*   COLUMNKW => ID */
-   26,  /*   CONFLICT => ID */
-   26,  /*   DATABASE => ID */
-   26,  /*       DESC => ID */
-   26,  /*     DETACH => ID */
-   26,  /*       EACH => ID */
-   26,  /*       FAIL => ID */
-   26,  /*        FOR => ID */
-   26,  /*     IGNORE => ID */
-   26,  /*  INITIALLY => ID */
-   26,  /*    INSTEAD => ID */
-   26,  /*    LIKE_KW => ID */
-   26,  /*      MATCH => ID */
-   26,  /*         NO => ID */
-   26,  /*        KEY => ID */
-   26,  /*         OF => ID */
-   26,  /*     OFFSET => ID */
-   26,  /*     PRAGMA => ID */
-   26,  /*      RAISE => ID */
-   26,  /*    REPLACE => ID */
-   26,  /*   RESTRICT => ID */
-   26,  /*        ROW => ID */
-   26,  /*    TRIGGER => ID */
-   26,  /*     VACUUM => ID */
-   26,  /*       VIEW => ID */
-   26,  /*    VIRTUAL => ID */
-   26,  /*    REINDEX => ID */
-   26,  /*     RENAME => ID */
-   26,  /*   CTIME_KW => ID */
-};
-#endif /* YYFALLBACK */
-
-/* The following structure represents a single element of the
-** parser's stack.  Information stored includes:
-**
-**   +  The state number for the parser at this level of the stack.
-**
-**   +  The value of the token stored at this level of the stack.
-**      (In other words, the "major" token.)
-**
-**   +  The semantic value stored at this level of the stack.  This is
-**      the information used by the action routines in the grammar.
-**      It is sometimes called the "minor" token.
-*/
-struct yyStackEntry {
-  YYACTIONTYPE stateno;  /* The state-number */
-  YYCODETYPE major;      /* The major token value.  This is the code
-                         ** number for the token at this stack level */
-  YYMINORTYPE minor;     /* The user-supplied minor token value.  This
-                         ** is the value of the token  */
-};
-typedef struct yyStackEntry yyStackEntry;
-
-/* The state of the parser is completely contained in an instance of
-** the following structure */
-struct yyParser {
-  int yyidx;                    /* Index of top element in stack */
-#ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
-  int yyidxMax;                 /* Maximum value of yyidx */
-#endif
-  int yyerrcnt;                 /* Shifts left before out of the error */
-  sqlite3ParserARG_SDECL                /* A place to hold %extra_argument */
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
-  int yystksz;                  /* Current side of the stack */
-  yyStackEntry *yystack;        /* The parser's stack */
-#else
-  yyStackEntry yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH];  /* The parser's stack */
-#endif
-};
-typedef struct yyParser yyParser;
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-static FILE *yyTraceFILE = 0;
-static char *yyTracePrompt = 0;
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/* 
-** Turn parser tracing on by giving a stream to which to write the trace
-** and a prompt to preface each trace message.  Tracing is turned off
-** by making either argument NULL 
-**
-** Inputs:
-** <ul>
-** <li> A FILE* to which trace output should be written.
-**      If NULL, then tracing is turned off.
-** <li> A prefix string written at the beginning of every
-**      line of trace output.  If NULL, then tracing is
-**      turned off.
-** </ul>
-**
-** Outputs:
-** None.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE *TraceFILE, char *zTracePrompt){
-  yyTraceFILE = TraceFILE;
-  yyTracePrompt = zTracePrompt;
-  if( yyTraceFILE==0 ) yyTracePrompt = 0;
-  else if( yyTracePrompt==0 ) yyTraceFILE = 0;
-}
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/* For tracing shifts, the names of all terminals and nonterminals
-** are required.  The following table supplies these names */
-static const char *const yyTokenName[] = { 
-  "$",             "SEMI",          "EXPLAIN",       "QUERY",       
-  "PLAN",          "BEGIN",         "TRANSACTION",   "DEFERRED",    
-  "IMMEDIATE",     "EXCLUSIVE",     "COMMIT",        "END",         
-  "ROLLBACK",      "SAVEPOINT",     "RELEASE",       "TO",          
-  "TABLE",         "CREATE",        "IF",            "NOT",         
-  "EXISTS",        "TEMP",          "LP",            "RP",          
-  "AS",            "COMMA",         "ID",            "INDEXED",     
-  "ABORT",         "ACTION",        "AFTER",         "ANALYZE",     
-  "ASC",           "ATTACH",        "BEFORE",        "BY",          
-  "CASCADE",       "CAST",          "COLUMNKW",      "CONFLICT",    
-  "DATABASE",      "DESC",          "DETACH",        "EACH",        
-  "FAIL",          "FOR",           "IGNORE",        "INITIALLY",   
-  "INSTEAD",       "LIKE_KW",       "MATCH",         "NO",          
-  "KEY",           "OF",            "OFFSET",        "PRAGMA",      
-  "RAISE",         "REPLACE",       "RESTRICT",      "ROW",         
-  "TRIGGER",       "VACUUM",        "VIEW",          "VIRTUAL",     
-  "REINDEX",       "RENAME",        "CTIME_KW",      "ANY",         
-  "OR",            "AND",           "IS",            "BETWEEN",     
-  "IN",            "ISNULL",        "NOTNULL",       "NE",          
-  "EQ",            "GT",            "LE",            "LT",          
-  "GE",            "ESCAPE",        "BITAND",        "BITOR",       
-  "LSHIFT",        "RSHIFT",        "PLUS",          "MINUS",       
-  "STAR",          "SLASH",         "REM",           "CONCAT",      
-  "COLLATE",       "BITNOT",        "STRING",        "JOIN_KW",     
-  "CONSTRAINT",    "DEFAULT",       "NULL",          "PRIMARY",     
-  "UNIQUE",        "CHECK",         "REFERENCES",    "AUTOINCR",    
-  "ON",            "INSERT",        "DELETE",        "UPDATE",      
-  "SET",           "DEFERRABLE",    "FOREIGN",       "DROP",        
-  "UNION",         "ALL",           "EXCEPT",        "INTERSECT",   
-  "SELECT",        "DISTINCT",      "DOT",           "FROM",        
-  "JOIN",          "USING",         "ORDER",         "GROUP",       
-  "HAVING",        "LIMIT",         "WHERE",         "INTO",        
-  "VALUES",        "INTEGER",       "FLOAT",         "BLOB",        
-  "REGISTER",      "VARIABLE",      "CASE",          "WHEN",        
-  "THEN",          "ELSE",          "INDEX",         "ALTER",       
-  "ADD",           "error",         "input",         "cmdlist",     
-  "ecmd",          "explain",       "cmdx",          "cmd",         
-  "transtype",     "trans_opt",     "nm",            "savepoint_opt",
-  "create_table",  "create_table_args",  "createkw",      "temp",        
-  "ifnotexists",   "dbnm",          "columnlist",    "conslist_opt",
-  "select",        "column",        "columnid",      "type",        
-  "carglist",      "id",            "ids",           "typetoken",   
-  "typename",      "signed",        "plus_num",      "minus_num",   
-  "carg",          "ccons",         "term",          "expr",        
-  "onconf",        "sortorder",     "autoinc",       "idxlist_opt", 
-  "refargs",       "defer_subclause",  "refarg",        "refact",      
-  "init_deferred_pred_opt",  "conslist",      "tcons",         "idxlist",     
-  "defer_subclause_opt",  "orconf",        "resolvetype",   "raisetype",   
-  "ifexists",      "fullname",      "oneselect",     "multiselect_op",
-  "distinct",      "selcollist",    "from",          "where_opt",   
-  "groupby_opt",   "having_opt",    "orderby_opt",   "limit_opt",   
-  "sclp",          "as",            "seltablist",    "stl_prefix",  
-  "joinop",        "indexed_opt",   "on_opt",        "using_opt",   
-  "joinop2",       "inscollist",    "sortlist",      "sortitem",    
-  "nexprlist",     "setlist",       "insert_cmd",    "inscollist_opt",
-  "itemlist",      "exprlist",      "likeop",        "escape",      
-  "between_op",    "in_op",         "case_operand",  "case_exprlist",
-  "case_else",     "uniqueflag",    "collate",       "nmnum",       
-  "plus_opt",      "number",        "trigger_decl",  "trigger_cmd_list",
-  "trigger_time",  "trigger_event",  "foreach_clause",  "when_clause", 
-  "trigger_cmd",   "trnm",          "tridxby",       "database_kw_opt",
-  "key_opt",       "add_column_fullname",  "kwcolumn_opt",  "create_vtab", 
-  "vtabarglist",   "vtabarg",       "vtabargtoken",  "lp",          
-  "anylist",     
-};
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/* For tracing reduce actions, the names of all rules are required.
-*/
-static const char *const yyRuleName[] = {
- /*   0 */ "input ::= cmdlist",
- /*   1 */ "cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd",
- /*   2 */ "cmdlist ::= ecmd",
- /*   3 */ "ecmd ::= SEMI",
- /*   4 */ "ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI",
- /*   5 */ "explain ::=",
- /*   6 */ "explain ::= EXPLAIN",
- /*   7 */ "explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN",
- /*   8 */ "cmdx ::= cmd",
- /*   9 */ "cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt",
- /*  10 */ "trans_opt ::=",
- /*  11 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION",
- /*  12 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm",
- /*  13 */ "transtype ::=",
- /*  14 */ "transtype ::= DEFERRED",
- /*  15 */ "transtype ::= IMMEDIATE",
- /*  16 */ "transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE",
- /*  17 */ "cmd ::= COMMIT trans_opt",
- /*  18 */ "cmd ::= END trans_opt",
- /*  19 */ "cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt",
- /*  20 */ "savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT",
- /*  21 */ "savepoint_opt ::=",
- /*  22 */ "cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm",
- /*  23 */ "cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm",
- /*  24 */ "cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm",
- /*  25 */ "cmd ::= create_table create_table_args",
- /*  26 */ "create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm",
- /*  27 */ "createkw ::= CREATE",
- /*  28 */ "ifnotexists ::=",
- /*  29 */ "ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS",
- /*  30 */ "temp ::= TEMP",
- /*  31 */ "temp ::=",
- /*  32 */ "create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP",
- /*  33 */ "create_table_args ::= AS select",
- /*  34 */ "columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA column",
- /*  35 */ "columnlist ::= column",
- /*  36 */ "column ::= columnid type carglist",
- /*  37 */ "columnid ::= nm",
- /*  38 */ "id ::= ID",
- /*  39 */ "id ::= INDEXED",
- /*  40 */ "ids ::= ID|STRING",
- /*  41 */ "nm ::= id",
- /*  42 */ "nm ::= STRING",
- /*  43 */ "nm ::= JOIN_KW",
- /*  44 */ "type ::=",
- /*  45 */ "type ::= typetoken",
- /*  46 */ "typetoken ::= typename",
- /*  47 */ "typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP",
- /*  48 */ "typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP",
- /*  49 */ "typename ::= ids",
- /*  50 */ "typename ::= typename ids",
- /*  51 */ "signed ::= plus_num",
- /*  52 */ "signed ::= minus_num",
- /*  53 */ "carglist ::= carglist carg",
- /*  54 */ "carglist ::=",
- /*  55 */ "carg ::= CONSTRAINT nm ccons",
- /*  56 */ "carg ::= ccons",
- /*  57 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT term",
- /*  58 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP",
- /*  59 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term",
- /*  60 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term",
- /*  61 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT id",
- /*  62 */ "ccons ::= NULL onconf",
- /*  63 */ "ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf",
- /*  64 */ "ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc",
- /*  65 */ "ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf",
- /*  66 */ "ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP",
- /*  67 */ "ccons ::= REFERENCES nm idxlist_opt refargs",
- /*  68 */ "ccons ::= defer_subclause",
- /*  69 */ "ccons ::= COLLATE ids",
- /*  70 */ "autoinc ::=",
- /*  71 */ "autoinc ::= AUTOINCR",
- /*  72 */ "refargs ::=",
- /*  73 */ "refargs ::= refargs refarg",
- /*  74 */ "refarg ::= MATCH nm",
- /*  75 */ "refarg ::= ON INSERT refact",
- /*  76 */ "refarg ::= ON DELETE refact",
- /*  77 */ "refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact",
- /*  78 */ "refact ::= SET NULL",
- /*  79 */ "refact ::= SET DEFAULT",
- /*  80 */ "refact ::= CASCADE",
- /*  81 */ "refact ::= RESTRICT",
- /*  82 */ "refact ::= NO ACTION",
- /*  83 */ "defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt",
- /*  84 */ "defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt",
- /*  85 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt ::=",
- /*  86 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED",
- /*  87 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE",
- /*  88 */ "conslist_opt ::=",
- /*  89 */ "conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist",
- /*  90 */ "conslist ::= conslist COMMA tcons",
- /*  91 */ "conslist ::= conslist tcons",
- /*  92 */ "conslist ::= tcons",
- /*  93 */ "tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm",
- /*  94 */ "tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP idxlist autoinc RP onconf",
- /*  95 */ "tcons ::= UNIQUE LP idxlist RP onconf",
- /*  96 */ "tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf",
- /*  97 */ "tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP idxlist RP REFERENCES nm idxlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt",
- /*  98 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::=",
- /*  99 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause",
- /* 100 */ "onconf ::=",
- /* 101 */ "onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype",
- /* 102 */ "orconf ::=",
- /* 103 */ "orconf ::= OR resolvetype",
- /* 104 */ "resolvetype ::= raisetype",
- /* 105 */ "resolvetype ::= IGNORE",
- /* 106 */ "resolvetype ::= REPLACE",
- /* 107 */ "cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname",
- /* 108 */ "ifexists ::= IF EXISTS",
- /* 109 */ "ifexists ::=",
- /* 110 */ "cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm AS select",
- /* 111 */ "cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname",
- /* 112 */ "cmd ::= select",
- /* 113 */ "select ::= oneselect",
- /* 114 */ "select ::= select multiselect_op oneselect",
- /* 115 */ "multiselect_op ::= UNION",
- /* 116 */ "multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL",
- /* 117 */ "multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT",
- /* 118 */ "oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt",
- /* 119 */ "distinct ::= DISTINCT",
- /* 120 */ "distinct ::= ALL",
- /* 121 */ "distinct ::=",
- /* 122 */ "sclp ::= selcollist COMMA",
- /* 123 */ "sclp ::=",
- /* 124 */ "selcollist ::= sclp expr as",
- /* 125 */ "selcollist ::= sclp STAR",
- /* 126 */ "selcollist ::= sclp nm DOT STAR",
- /* 127 */ "as ::= AS nm",
- /* 128 */ "as ::= ids",
- /* 129 */ "as ::=",
- /* 130 */ "from ::=",
- /* 131 */ "from ::= FROM seltablist",
- /* 132 */ "stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop",
- /* 133 */ "stl_prefix ::=",
- /* 134 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt",
- /* 135 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt",
- /* 136 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt",
- /* 137 */ "dbnm ::=",
- /* 138 */ "dbnm ::= DOT nm",
- /* 139 */ "fullname ::= nm dbnm",
- /* 140 */ "joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN",
- /* 141 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN",
- /* 142 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN",
- /* 143 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN",
- /* 144 */ "on_opt ::= ON expr",
- /* 145 */ "on_opt ::=",
- /* 146 */ "indexed_opt ::=",
- /* 147 */ "indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm",
- /* 148 */ "indexed_opt ::= NOT INDEXED",
- /* 149 */ "using_opt ::= USING LP inscollist RP",
- /* 150 */ "using_opt ::=",
- /* 151 */ "orderby_opt ::=",
- /* 152 */ "orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist",
- /* 153 */ "sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA sortitem sortorder",
- /* 154 */ "sortlist ::= sortitem sortorder",
- /* 155 */ "sortitem ::= expr",
- /* 156 */ "sortorder ::= ASC",
- /* 157 */ "sortorder ::= DESC",
- /* 158 */ "sortorder ::=",
- /* 159 */ "groupby_opt ::=",
- /* 160 */ "groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist",
- /* 161 */ "having_opt ::=",
- /* 162 */ "having_opt ::= HAVING expr",
- /* 163 */ "limit_opt ::=",
- /* 164 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr",
- /* 165 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr",
- /* 166 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr",
- /* 167 */ "cmd ::= DELETE FROM fullname indexed_opt where_opt",
- /* 168 */ "where_opt ::=",
- /* 169 */ "where_opt ::= WHERE expr",
- /* 170 */ "cmd ::= UPDATE orconf fullname indexed_opt SET setlist where_opt",
- /* 171 */ "setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr",
- /* 172 */ "setlist ::= nm EQ expr",
- /* 173 */ "cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO fullname inscollist_opt VALUES LP itemlist RP",
- /* 174 */ "cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO fullname inscollist_opt select",
- /* 175 */ "cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO fullname inscollist_opt DEFAULT VALUES",
- /* 176 */ "insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf",
- /* 177 */ "insert_cmd ::= REPLACE",
- /* 178 */ "itemlist ::= itemlist COMMA expr",
- /* 179 */ "itemlist ::= expr",
- /* 180 */ "inscollist_opt ::=",
- /* 181 */ "inscollist_opt ::= LP inscollist RP",
- /* 182 */ "inscollist ::= inscollist COMMA nm",
- /* 183 */ "inscollist ::= nm",
- /* 184 */ "expr ::= term",
- /* 185 */ "expr ::= LP expr RP",
- /* 186 */ "term ::= NULL",
- /* 187 */ "expr ::= id",
- /* 188 */ "expr ::= JOIN_KW",
- /* 189 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 190 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm",
- /* 191 */ "term ::= INTEGER|FLOAT|BLOB",
- /* 192 */ "term ::= STRING",
- /* 193 */ "expr ::= REGISTER",
- /* 194 */ "expr ::= VARIABLE",
- /* 195 */ "expr ::= expr COLLATE ids",
- /* 196 */ "expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP",
- /* 197 */ "expr ::= ID LP distinct exprlist RP",
- /* 198 */ "expr ::= ID LP STAR RP",
- /* 199 */ "term ::= CTIME_KW",
- /* 200 */ "expr ::= expr AND expr",
- /* 201 */ "expr ::= expr OR expr",
- /* 202 */ "expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr",
- /* 203 */ "expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr",
- /* 204 */ "expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr",
- /* 205 */ "expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr",
- /* 206 */ "expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr",
- /* 207 */ "expr ::= expr CONCAT expr",
- /* 208 */ "likeop ::= LIKE_KW",
- /* 209 */ "likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW",
- /* 210 */ "likeop ::= MATCH",
- /* 211 */ "likeop ::= NOT MATCH",
- /* 212 */ "escape ::= ESCAPE expr",
- /* 213 */ "escape ::=",
- /* 214 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr escape",
- /* 215 */ "expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL",
- /* 216 */ "expr ::= expr NOT NULL",
- /* 217 */ "expr ::= expr IS expr",
- /* 218 */ "expr ::= expr IS NOT expr",
- /* 219 */ "expr ::= NOT expr",
- /* 220 */ "expr ::= BITNOT expr",
- /* 221 */ "expr ::= MINUS expr",
- /* 222 */ "expr ::= PLUS expr",
- /* 223 */ "between_op ::= BETWEEN",
- /* 224 */ "between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN",
- /* 225 */ "expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr",
- /* 226 */ "in_op ::= IN",
- /* 227 */ "in_op ::= NOT IN",
- /* 228 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP",
- /* 229 */ "expr ::= LP select RP",
- /* 230 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP",
- /* 231 */ "expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm",
- /* 232 */ "expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP",
- /* 233 */ "expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END",
- /* 234 */ "case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr",
- /* 235 */ "case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr",
- /* 236 */ "case_else ::= ELSE expr",
- /* 237 */ "case_else ::=",
- /* 238 */ "case_operand ::= expr",
- /* 239 */ "case_operand ::=",
- /* 240 */ "exprlist ::= nexprlist",
- /* 241 */ "exprlist ::=",
- /* 242 */ "nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr",
- /* 243 */ "nexprlist ::= expr",
- /* 244 */ "cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP idxlist RP",
- /* 245 */ "uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE",
- /* 246 */ "uniqueflag ::=",
- /* 247 */ "idxlist_opt ::=",
- /* 248 */ "idxlist_opt ::= LP idxlist RP",
- /* 249 */ "idxlist ::= idxlist COMMA nm collate sortorder",
- /* 250 */ "idxlist ::= nm collate sortorder",
- /* 251 */ "collate ::=",
- /* 252 */ "collate ::= COLLATE ids",
- /* 253 */ "cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname",
- /* 254 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM",
- /* 255 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM nm",
- /* 256 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm",
- /* 257 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum",
- /* 258 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP",
- /* 259 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num",
- /* 260 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP",
- /* 261 */ "nmnum ::= plus_num",
- /* 262 */ "nmnum ::= nm",
- /* 263 */ "nmnum ::= ON",
- /* 264 */ "nmnum ::= DELETE",
- /* 265 */ "nmnum ::= DEFAULT",
- /* 266 */ "plus_num ::= plus_opt number",
- /* 267 */ "minus_num ::= MINUS number",
- /* 268 */ "number ::= INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 269 */ "plus_opt ::= PLUS",
- /* 270 */ "plus_opt ::=",
- /* 271 */ "cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END",
- /* 272 */ "trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause",
- /* 273 */ "trigger_time ::= BEFORE",
- /* 274 */ "trigger_time ::= AFTER",
- /* 275 */ "trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF",
- /* 276 */ "trigger_time ::=",
- /* 277 */ "trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT",
- /* 278 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE",
- /* 279 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF inscollist",
- /* 280 */ "foreach_clause ::=",
- /* 281 */ "foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW",
- /* 282 */ "when_clause ::=",
- /* 283 */ "when_clause ::= WHEN expr",
- /* 284 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI",
- /* 285 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI",
- /* 286 */ "trnm ::= nm",
- /* 287 */ "trnm ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 288 */ "tridxby ::=",
- /* 289 */ "tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm",
- /* 290 */ "tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED",
- /* 291 */ "trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt",
- /* 292 */ "trigger_cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO trnm inscollist_opt VALUES LP itemlist RP",
- /* 293 */ "trigger_cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO trnm inscollist_opt select",
- /* 294 */ "trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt",
- /* 295 */ "trigger_cmd ::= select",
- /* 296 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP",
- /* 297 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP",
- /* 298 */ "raisetype ::= ROLLBACK",
- /* 299 */ "raisetype ::= ABORT",
- /* 300 */ "raisetype ::= FAIL",
- /* 301 */ "cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname",
- /* 302 */ "cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt",
- /* 303 */ "cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr",
- /* 304 */ "key_opt ::=",
- /* 305 */ "key_opt ::= KEY expr",
- /* 306 */ "database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE",
- /* 307 */ "database_kw_opt ::=",
- /* 308 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX",
- /* 309 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm",
- /* 310 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE",
- /* 311 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm",
- /* 312 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm",
- /* 313 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt column",
- /* 314 */ "add_column_fullname ::= fullname",
- /* 315 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::=",
- /* 316 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW",
- /* 317 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab",
- /* 318 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP",
- /* 319 */ "create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE nm dbnm USING nm",
- /* 320 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarg",
- /* 321 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg",
- /* 322 */ "vtabarg ::=",
- /* 323 */ "vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken",
- /* 324 */ "vtabargtoken ::= ANY",
- /* 325 */ "vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP",
- /* 326 */ "lp ::= LP",
- /* 327 */ "anylist ::=",
- /* 328 */ "anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP",
- /* 329 */ "anylist ::= anylist ANY",
-};
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
-
-
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
-/*
-** Try to increase the size of the parser stack.
-*/
-static void yyGrowStack(yyParser *p){
-  int newSize;
-  yyStackEntry *pNew;
-
-  newSize = p->yystksz*2 + 100;
-  pNew = realloc(p->yystack, newSize*sizeof(pNew[0]));
-  if( pNew ){
-    p->yystack = pNew;
-    p->yystksz = newSize;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    if( yyTraceFILE ){
-      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sStack grows to %d entries!\n",
-              yyTracePrompt, p->yystksz);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-/* 
-** This function allocates a new parser.
-** The only argument is a pointer to a function which works like
-** malloc.
-**
-** Inputs:
-** A pointer to the function used to allocate memory.
-**
-** Outputs:
-** A pointer to a parser.  This pointer is used in subsequent calls
-** to sqlite3Parser and sqlite3ParserFree.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void *(*mallocProc)(size_t)){
-  yyParser *pParser;
-  pParser = (yyParser*)(*mallocProc)( (size_t)sizeof(yyParser) );
-  if( pParser ){
-    pParser->yyidx = -1;
-#ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
-    pParser->yyidxMax = 0;
-#endif
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
-    pParser->yystack = NULL;
-    pParser->yystksz = 0;
-    yyGrowStack(pParser);
-#endif
-  }
-  return pParser;
-}
-
-/* The following function deletes the value associated with a
-** symbol.  The symbol can be either a terminal or nonterminal.
-** "yymajor" is the symbol code, and "yypminor" is a pointer to
-** the value.
-*/
-static void yy_destructor(
-  yyParser *yypParser,    /* The parser */
-  YYCODETYPE yymajor,     /* Type code for object to destroy */
-  YYMINORTYPE *yypminor   /* The object to be destroyed */
-){
-  sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH;
-  switch( yymajor ){
-    /* Here is inserted the actions which take place when a
-    ** terminal or non-terminal is destroyed.  This can happen
-    ** when the symbol is popped from the stack during a
-    ** reduce or during error processing or when a parser is 
-    ** being destroyed before it is finished parsing.
-    **
-    ** Note: during a reduce, the only symbols destroyed are those
-    ** which appear on the RHS of the rule, but which are not used
-    ** inside the C code.
-    */
-    case 160: /* select */
-    case 194: /* oneselect */
-{
-sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy3));
-}
-      break;
-    case 174: /* term */
-    case 175: /* expr */
-    case 223: /* escape */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy346).pExpr);
-}
-      break;
-    case 179: /* idxlist_opt */
-    case 187: /* idxlist */
-    case 197: /* selcollist */
-    case 200: /* groupby_opt */
-    case 202: /* orderby_opt */
-    case 204: /* sclp */
-    case 214: /* sortlist */
-    case 216: /* nexprlist */
-    case 217: /* setlist */
-    case 220: /* itemlist */
-    case 221: /* exprlist */
-    case 227: /* case_exprlist */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy14));
-}
-      break;
-    case 193: /* fullname */
-    case 198: /* from */
-    case 206: /* seltablist */
-    case 207: /* stl_prefix */
-{
-sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy65));
-}
-      break;
-    case 199: /* where_opt */
-    case 201: /* having_opt */
-    case 210: /* on_opt */
-    case 215: /* sortitem */
-    case 226: /* case_operand */
-    case 228: /* case_else */
-    case 239: /* when_clause */
-    case 244: /* key_opt */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy132));
-}
-      break;
-    case 211: /* using_opt */
-    case 213: /* inscollist */
-    case 219: /* inscollist_opt */
-{
-sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy408));
-}
-      break;
-    case 235: /* trigger_cmd_list */
-    case 240: /* trigger_cmd */
-{
-sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy473));
-}
-      break;
-    case 237: /* trigger_event */
-{
-sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy378).b);
-}
-      break;
-    default:  break;   /* If no destructor action specified: do nothing */
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Pop the parser's stack once.
-**
-** If there is a destructor routine associated with the token which
-** is popped from the stack, then call it.
-**
-** Return the major token number for the symbol popped.
-*/
-static int yy_pop_parser_stack(yyParser *pParser){
-  YYCODETYPE yymajor;
-  yyStackEntry *yytos = &pParser->yystack[pParser->yyidx];
-
-  /* There is no mechanism by which the parser stack can be popped below
-  ** empty in SQLite.  */
-  if( NEVER(pParser->yyidx<0) ) return 0;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  if( yyTraceFILE && pParser->yyidx>=0 ){
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sPopping %s\n",
-      yyTracePrompt,
-      yyTokenName[yytos->major]);
-  }
-#endif
-  yymajor = yytos->major;
-  yy_destructor(pParser, yymajor, &yytos->minor);
-  pParser->yyidx--;
-  return yymajor;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Deallocate and destroy a parser.  Destructors are all called for
-** all stack elements before shutting the parser down.
-**
-** Inputs:
-** <ul>
-** <li>  A pointer to the parser.  This should be a pointer
-**       obtained from sqlite3ParserAlloc.
-** <li>  A pointer to a function used to reclaim memory obtained
-**       from malloc.
-** </ul>
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserFree(
-  void *p,                    /* The parser to be deleted */
-  void (*freeProc)(void*)     /* Function used to reclaim memory */
-){
-  yyParser *pParser = (yyParser*)p;
-  /* In SQLite, we never try to destroy a parser that was not successfully
-  ** created in the first place. */
-  if( NEVER(pParser==0) ) return;
-  while( pParser->yyidx>=0 ) yy_pop_parser_stack(pParser);
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
-  free(pParser->yystack);
-#endif
-  (*freeProc)((void*)pParser);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the peak depth of the stack for a parser.
-*/
-#ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void *p){
-  yyParser *pParser = (yyParser*)p;
-  return pParser->yyidxMax;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Find the appropriate action for a parser given the terminal
-** look-ahead token iLookAhead.
-**
-** If the look-ahead token is YYNOCODE, then check to see if the action is
-** independent of the look-ahead.  If it is, return the action, otherwise
-** return YY_NO_ACTION.
-*/
-static int yy_find_shift_action(
-  yyParser *pParser,        /* The parser */
-  YYCODETYPE iLookAhead     /* The look-ahead token */
-){
-  int i;
-  int stateno = pParser->yystack[pParser->yyidx].stateno;
- 
-  if( stateno>YY_SHIFT_COUNT
-   || (i = yy_shift_ofst[stateno])==YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT ){
-    return yy_default[stateno];
-  }
-  assert( iLookAhead!=YYNOCODE );
-  i += iLookAhead;
-  if( i<0 || i>=YY_ACTTAB_COUNT || yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
-    if( iLookAhead>0 ){
-#ifdef YYFALLBACK
-      YYCODETYPE iFallback;            /* Fallback token */
-      if( iLookAhead<sizeof(yyFallback)/sizeof(yyFallback[0])
-             && (iFallback = yyFallback[iLookAhead])!=0 ){
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        if( yyTraceFILE ){
-          fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sFALLBACK %s => %s\n",
-             yyTracePrompt, yyTokenName[iLookAhead], yyTokenName[iFallback]);
-        }
-#endif
-        return yy_find_shift_action(pParser, iFallback);
-      }
-#endif
-#ifdef YYWILDCARD
-      {
-        int j = i - iLookAhead + YYWILDCARD;
-        if( 
-#if YY_SHIFT_MIN+YYWILDCARD<0
-          j>=0 &&
-#endif
-#if YY_SHIFT_MAX+YYWILDCARD>=YY_ACTTAB_COUNT
-          j<YY_ACTTAB_COUNT &&
-#endif
-          yy_lookahead[j]==YYWILDCARD
-        ){
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-          if( yyTraceFILE ){
-            fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sWILDCARD %s => %s\n",
-               yyTracePrompt, yyTokenName[iLookAhead], yyTokenName[YYWILDCARD]);
-          }
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
-          return yy_action[j];
-        }
-      }
-#endif /* YYWILDCARD */
-    }
-    return yy_default[stateno];
-  }else{
-    return yy_action[i];
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Find the appropriate action for a parser given the non-terminal
-** look-ahead token iLookAhead.
-**
-** If the look-ahead token is YYNOCODE, then check to see if the action is
-** independent of the look-ahead.  If it is, return the action, otherwise
-** return YY_NO_ACTION.
-*/
-static int yy_find_reduce_action(
-  int stateno,              /* Current state number */
-  YYCODETYPE iLookAhead     /* The look-ahead token */
-){
-  int i;
-#ifdef YYERRORSYMBOL
-  if( stateno>YY_REDUCE_COUNT ){
-    return yy_default[stateno];
-  }
-#else
-  assert( stateno<=YY_REDUCE_COUNT );
-#endif
-  i = yy_reduce_ofst[stateno];
-  assert( i!=YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT );
-  assert( iLookAhead!=YYNOCODE );
-  i += iLookAhead;
-#ifdef YYERRORSYMBOL
-  if( i<0 || i>=YY_ACTTAB_COUNT || yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
-    return yy_default[stateno];
-  }
-#else
-  assert( i>=0 && i<YY_ACTTAB_COUNT );
-  assert( yy_lookahead[i]==iLookAhead );
-#endif
-  return yy_action[i];
-}
-
-/*
-** The following routine is called if the stack overflows.
-*/
-static void yyStackOverflow(yyParser *yypParser, YYMINORTYPE *yypMinor){
-   sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH;
-   yypParser->yyidx--;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-   if( yyTraceFILE ){
-     fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sStack Overflow!\n",yyTracePrompt);
-   }
-#endif
-   while( yypParser->yyidx>=0 ) yy_pop_parser_stack(yypParser);
-   /* Here code is inserted which will execute if the parser
-   ** stack every overflows */
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(yypMinor); /* Silence some compiler warnings */
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "parser stack overflow");
-  pParse->parseError = 1;
-   sqlite3ParserARG_STORE; /* Suppress warning about unused %extra_argument var */
-}
-
-/*
-** Perform a shift action.
-*/
-static void yy_shift(
-  yyParser *yypParser,          /* The parser to be shifted */
-  int yyNewState,               /* The new state to shift in */
-  int yyMajor,                  /* The major token to shift in */
-  YYMINORTYPE *yypMinor         /* Pointer to the minor token to shift in */
-){
-  yyStackEntry *yytos;
-  yypParser->yyidx++;
-#ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
-  if( yypParser->yyidx>yypParser->yyidxMax ){
-    yypParser->yyidxMax = yypParser->yyidx;
-  }
-#endif
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
-  if( yypParser->yyidx>=YYSTACKDEPTH ){
-    yyStackOverflow(yypParser, yypMinor);
-    return;
-  }
-#else
-  if( yypParser->yyidx>=yypParser->yystksz ){
-    yyGrowStack(yypParser);
-    if( yypParser->yyidx>=yypParser->yystksz ){
-      yyStackOverflow(yypParser, yypMinor);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  yytos = &yypParser->yystack[yypParser->yyidx];
-  yytos->stateno = (YYACTIONTYPE)yyNewState;
-  yytos->major = (YYCODETYPE)yyMajor;
-  yytos->minor = *yypMinor;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  if( yyTraceFILE && yypParser->yyidx>0 ){
-    int i;
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sShift %d\n",yyTracePrompt,yyNewState);
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sStack:",yyTracePrompt);
-    for(i=1; i<=yypParser->yyidx; i++)
-      fprintf(yyTraceFILE," %s",yyTokenName[yypParser->yystack[i].major]);
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"\n");
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/* The following table contains information about every rule that
-** is used during the reduce.
-*/
-static const struct {
-  YYCODETYPE lhs;         /* Symbol on the left-hand side of the rule */
-  unsigned char nrhs;     /* Number of right-hand side symbols in the rule */
-} yyRuleInfo[] = {
-  { 142, 1 },
-  { 143, 2 },
-  { 143, 1 },
-  { 144, 1 },
-  { 144, 3 },
-  { 145, 0 },
-  { 145, 1 },
-  { 145, 3 },
-  { 146, 1 },
-  { 147, 3 },
-  { 149, 0 },
-  { 149, 1 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 148, 0 },
-  { 148, 1 },
-  { 148, 1 },
-  { 148, 1 },
-  { 147, 2 },
-  { 147, 2 },
-  { 147, 2 },
-  { 151, 1 },
-  { 151, 0 },
-  { 147, 2 },
-  { 147, 3 },
-  { 147, 5 },
-  { 147, 2 },
-  { 152, 6 },
-  { 154, 1 },
-  { 156, 0 },
-  { 156, 3 },
-  { 155, 1 },
-  { 155, 0 },
-  { 153, 4 },
-  { 153, 2 },
-  { 158, 3 },
-  { 158, 1 },
-  { 161, 3 },
-  { 162, 1 },
-  { 165, 1 },
-  { 165, 1 },
-  { 166, 1 },
-  { 150, 1 },
-  { 150, 1 },
-  { 150, 1 },
-  { 163, 0 },
-  { 163, 1 },
-  { 167, 1 },
-  { 167, 4 },
-  { 167, 6 },
-  { 168, 1 },
-  { 168, 2 },
-  { 169, 1 },
-  { 169, 1 },
-  { 164, 2 },
-  { 164, 0 },
-  { 172, 3 },
-  { 172, 1 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 4 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 4 },
-  { 173, 4 },
-  { 173, 1 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 178, 0 },
-  { 178, 1 },
-  { 180, 0 },
-  { 180, 2 },
-  { 182, 2 },
-  { 182, 3 },
-  { 182, 3 },
-  { 182, 3 },
-  { 183, 2 },
-  { 183, 2 },
-  { 183, 1 },
-  { 183, 1 },
-  { 183, 2 },
-  { 181, 3 },
-  { 181, 2 },
-  { 184, 0 },
-  { 184, 2 },
-  { 184, 2 },
-  { 159, 0 },
-  { 159, 2 },
-  { 185, 3 },
-  { 185, 2 },
-  { 185, 1 },
-  { 186, 2 },
-  { 186, 7 },
-  { 186, 5 },
-  { 186, 5 },
-  { 186, 10 },
-  { 188, 0 },
-  { 188, 1 },
-  { 176, 0 },
-  { 176, 3 },
-  { 189, 0 },
-  { 189, 2 },
-  { 190, 1 },
-  { 190, 1 },
-  { 190, 1 },
-  { 147, 4 },
-  { 192, 2 },
-  { 192, 0 },
-  { 147, 8 },
-  { 147, 4 },
-  { 147, 1 },
-  { 160, 1 },
-  { 160, 3 },
-  { 195, 1 },
-  { 195, 2 },
-  { 195, 1 },
-  { 194, 9 },
-  { 196, 1 },
-  { 196, 1 },
-  { 196, 0 },
-  { 204, 2 },
-  { 204, 0 },
-  { 197, 3 },
-  { 197, 2 },
-  { 197, 4 },
-  { 205, 2 },
-  { 205, 1 },
-  { 205, 0 },
-  { 198, 0 },
-  { 198, 2 },
-  { 207, 2 },
-  { 207, 0 },
-  { 206, 7 },
-  { 206, 7 },
-  { 206, 7 },
-  { 157, 0 },
-  { 157, 2 },
-  { 193, 2 },
-  { 208, 1 },
-  { 208, 2 },
-  { 208, 3 },
-  { 208, 4 },
-  { 210, 2 },
-  { 210, 0 },
-  { 209, 0 },
-  { 209, 3 },
-  { 209, 2 },
-  { 211, 4 },
-  { 211, 0 },
-  { 202, 0 },
-  { 202, 3 },
-  { 214, 4 },
-  { 214, 2 },
-  { 215, 1 },
-  { 177, 1 },
-  { 177, 1 },
-  { 177, 0 },
-  { 200, 0 },
-  { 200, 3 },
-  { 201, 0 },
-  { 201, 2 },
-  { 203, 0 },
-  { 203, 2 },
-  { 203, 4 },
-  { 203, 4 },
-  { 147, 5 },
-  { 199, 0 },
-  { 199, 2 },
-  { 147, 7 },
-  { 217, 5 },
-  { 217, 3 },
-  { 147, 8 },
-  { 147, 5 },
-  { 147, 6 },
-  { 218, 2 },
-  { 218, 1 },
-  { 220, 3 },
-  { 220, 1 },
-  { 219, 0 },
-  { 219, 3 },
-  { 213, 3 },
-  { 213, 1 },
-  { 175, 1 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 174, 1 },
-  { 175, 1 },
-  { 175, 1 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 5 },
-  { 174, 1 },
-  { 174, 1 },
-  { 175, 1 },
-  { 175, 1 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 6 },
-  { 175, 5 },
-  { 175, 4 },
-  { 174, 1 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 222, 1 },
-  { 222, 2 },
-  { 222, 1 },
-  { 222, 2 },
-  { 223, 2 },
-  { 223, 0 },
-  { 175, 4 },
-  { 175, 2 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 4 },
-  { 175, 2 },
-  { 175, 2 },
-  { 175, 2 },
-  { 175, 2 },
-  { 224, 1 },
-  { 224, 2 },
-  { 175, 5 },
-  { 225, 1 },
-  { 225, 2 },
-  { 175, 5 },
-  { 175, 3 },
-  { 175, 5 },
-  { 175, 4 },
-  { 175, 4 },
-  { 175, 5 },
-  { 227, 5 },
-  { 227, 4 },
-  { 228, 2 },
-  { 228, 0 },
-  { 226, 1 },
-  { 226, 0 },
-  { 221, 1 },
-  { 221, 0 },
-  { 216, 3 },
-  { 216, 1 },
-  { 147, 11 },
-  { 229, 1 },
-  { 229, 0 },
-  { 179, 0 },
-  { 179, 3 },
-  { 187, 5 },
-  { 187, 3 },
-  { 230, 0 },
-  { 230, 2 },
-  { 147, 4 },
-  { 147, 1 },
-  { 147, 2 },
-  { 147, 3 },
-  { 147, 5 },
-  { 147, 6 },
-  { 147, 5 },
-  { 147, 6 },
-  { 231, 1 },
-  { 231, 1 },
-  { 231, 1 },
-  { 231, 1 },
-  { 231, 1 },
-  { 170, 2 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 233, 1 },
-  { 232, 1 },
-  { 232, 0 },
-  { 147, 5 },
-  { 234, 11 },
-  { 236, 1 },
-  { 236, 1 },
-  { 236, 2 },
-  { 236, 0 },
-  { 237, 1 },
-  { 237, 1 },
-  { 237, 3 },
-  { 238, 0 },
-  { 238, 3 },
-  { 239, 0 },
-  { 239, 2 },
-  { 235, 3 },
-  { 235, 2 },
-  { 241, 1 },
-  { 241, 3 },
-  { 242, 0 },
-  { 242, 3 },
-  { 242, 2 },
-  { 240, 7 },
-  { 240, 8 },
-  { 240, 5 },
-  { 240, 5 },
-  { 240, 1 },
-  { 175, 4 },
-  { 175, 6 },
-  { 191, 1 },
-  { 191, 1 },
-  { 191, 1 },
-  { 147, 4 },
-  { 147, 6 },
-  { 147, 3 },
-  { 244, 0 },
-  { 244, 2 },
-  { 243, 1 },
-  { 243, 0 },
-  { 147, 1 },
-  { 147, 3 },
-  { 147, 1 },
-  { 147, 3 },
-  { 147, 6 },
-  { 147, 6 },
-  { 245, 1 },
-  { 246, 0 },
-  { 246, 1 },
-  { 147, 1 },
-  { 147, 4 },
-  { 247, 7 },
-  { 248, 1 },
-  { 248, 3 },
-  { 249, 0 },
-  { 249, 2 },
-  { 250, 1 },
-  { 250, 3 },
-  { 251, 1 },
-  { 252, 0 },
-  { 252, 4 },
-  { 252, 2 },
-};
-
-static void yy_accept(yyParser*);  /* Forward Declaration */
-
-/*
-** Perform a reduce action and the shift that must immediately
-** follow the reduce.
-*/
-static void yy_reduce(
-  yyParser *yypParser,         /* The parser */
-  int yyruleno                 /* Number of the rule by which to reduce */
-){
-  int yygoto;                     /* The next state */
-  int yyact;                      /* The next action */
-  YYMINORTYPE yygotominor;        /* The LHS of the rule reduced */
-  yyStackEntry *yymsp;            /* The top of the parser's stack */
-  int yysize;                     /* Amount to pop the stack */
-  sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH;
-  yymsp = &yypParser->yystack[yypParser->yyidx];
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  if( yyTraceFILE && yyruleno>=0 
-        && yyruleno<(int)(sizeof(yyRuleName)/sizeof(yyRuleName[0])) ){
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce [%s].\n", yyTracePrompt,
-      yyRuleName[yyruleno]);
-  }
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
-
-  /* Silence complaints from purify about yygotominor being uninitialized
-  ** in some cases when it is copied into the stack after the following
-  ** switch.  yygotominor is uninitialized when a rule reduces that does
-  ** not set the value of its left-hand side nonterminal.  Leaving the
-  ** value of the nonterminal uninitialized is utterly harmless as long
-  ** as the value is never used.  So really the only thing this code
-  ** accomplishes is to quieten purify.  
-  **
-  ** 2007-01-16:  The wireshark project (www.wireshark.org) reports that
-  ** without this code, their parser segfaults.  I'm not sure what there
-  ** parser is doing to make this happen.  This is the second bug report
-  ** from wireshark this week.  Clearly they are stressing Lemon in ways
-  ** that it has not been previously stressed...  (SQLite ticket #2172)
-  */
-  /*memset(&yygotominor, 0, sizeof(yygotominor));*/
-  yygotominor = yyzerominor;
-
-
-  switch( yyruleno ){
-  /* Beginning here are the reduction cases.  A typical example
-  ** follows:
-  **   case 0:
-  **  #line <lineno> <grammarfile>
-  **     { ... }           // User supplied code
-  **  #line <lineno> <thisfile>
-  **     break;
-  */
-      case 5: /* explain ::= */
-{ sqlite3BeginParse(pParse, 0); }
-        break;
-      case 6: /* explain ::= EXPLAIN */
-{ sqlite3BeginParse(pParse, 1); }
-        break;
-      case 7: /* explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
-{ sqlite3BeginParse(pParse, 2); }
-        break;
-      case 8: /* cmdx ::= cmd */
-{ sqlite3FinishCoding(pParse); }
-        break;
-      case 9: /* cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
-{sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy328);}
-        break;
-      case 13: /* transtype ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy328 = TK_DEFERRED;}
-        break;
-      case 14: /* transtype ::= DEFERRED */
-      case 15: /* transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==15);
-      case 16: /* transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==16);
-      case 115: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION */ yytestcase(yyruleno==115);
-      case 117: /* multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==117);
-{yygotominor.yy328 = yymsp[0].major;}
-        break;
-      case 17: /* cmd ::= COMMIT trans_opt */
-      case 18: /* cmd ::= END trans_opt */ yytestcase(yyruleno==18);
-{sqlite3CommitTransaction(pParse);}
-        break;
-      case 19: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */
-{sqlite3RollbackTransaction(pParse);}
-        break;
-      case 22: /* cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
-{
-  sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_BEGIN, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 23: /* cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
-{
-  sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_RELEASE, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 24: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
-{
-  sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 26: /* create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
-{
-   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy328,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy328);
-}
-        break;
-      case 27: /* createkw ::= CREATE */
-{
-  pParse->db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
-  yygotominor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;
-}
-        break;
-      case 28: /* ifnotexists ::= */
-      case 31: /* temp ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==31);
-      case 70: /* autoinc ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==70);
-      case 83: /* defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */ yytestcase(yyruleno==83);
-      case 85: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==85);
-      case 87: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==87);
-      case 98: /* defer_subclause_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==98);
-      case 109: /* ifexists ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==109);
-      case 120: /* distinct ::= ALL */ yytestcase(yyruleno==120);
-      case 121: /* distinct ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==121);
-      case 223: /* between_op ::= BETWEEN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==223);
-      case 226: /* in_op ::= IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==226);
-{yygotominor.yy328 = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 29: /* ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
-      case 30: /* temp ::= TEMP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==30);
-      case 71: /* autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */ yytestcase(yyruleno==71);
-      case 86: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */ yytestcase(yyruleno==86);
-      case 108: /* ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */ yytestcase(yyruleno==108);
-      case 119: /* distinct ::= DISTINCT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==119);
-      case 224: /* between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==224);
-      case 227: /* in_op ::= NOT IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==227);
-{yygotominor.yy328 = 1;}
-        break;
-      case 32: /* create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP */
-{
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 33: /* create_table_args ::= AS select */
-{
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy3);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy3);
-}
-        break;
-      case 36: /* column ::= columnid type carglist */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy0.z = yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z;
-  yygotominor.yy0.n = (int)(pParse->sLastToken.z-yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
-}
-        break;
-      case 37: /* columnid ::= nm */
-{
-  sqlite3AddColumn(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  yygotominor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;
-}
-        break;
-      case 38: /* id ::= ID */
-      case 39: /* id ::= INDEXED */ yytestcase(yyruleno==39);
-      case 40: /* ids ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==40);
-      case 41: /* nm ::= id */ yytestcase(yyruleno==41);
-      case 42: /* nm ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==42);
-      case 43: /* nm ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==43);
-      case 46: /* typetoken ::= typename */ yytestcase(yyruleno==46);
-      case 49: /* typename ::= ids */ yytestcase(yyruleno==49);
-      case 127: /* as ::= AS nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==127);
-      case 128: /* as ::= ids */ yytestcase(yyruleno==128);
-      case 138: /* dbnm ::= DOT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==138);
-      case 147: /* indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==147);
-      case 252: /* collate ::= COLLATE ids */ yytestcase(yyruleno==252);
-      case 261: /* nmnum ::= plus_num */ yytestcase(yyruleno==261);
-      case 262: /* nmnum ::= nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==262);
-      case 263: /* nmnum ::= ON */ yytestcase(yyruleno==263);
-      case 264: /* nmnum ::= DELETE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==264);
-      case 265: /* nmnum ::= DEFAULT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==265);
-      case 266: /* plus_num ::= plus_opt number */ yytestcase(yyruleno==266);
-      case 267: /* minus_num ::= MINUS number */ yytestcase(yyruleno==267);
-      case 268: /* number ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==268);
-      case 286: /* trnm ::= nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==286);
-{yygotominor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
-        break;
-      case 45: /* type ::= typetoken */
-{sqlite3AddColumnType(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 47: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy0.z = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z;
-  yygotominor.yy0.n = (int)(&yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n] - yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z);
-}
-        break;
-      case 48: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy0.z = yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z;
-  yygotominor.yy0.n = (int)(&yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n] - yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z);
-}
-        break;
-      case 50: /* typename ::= typename ids */
-{yygotominor.yy0.z=yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z; yygotominor.yy0.n=yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n+(int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z-yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z);}
-        break;
-      case 57: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT term */
-      case 59: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term */ yytestcase(yyruleno==59);
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy346);}
-        break;
-      case 58: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy346);}
-        break;
-      case 60: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term */
-{
-  ExprSpan v;
-  v.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr, 0, 0);
-  v.zStart = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z;
-  v.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy346.zEnd;
-  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&v);
-}
-        break;
-      case 61: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT id */
-{
-  ExprSpan v;
-  spanExpr(&v, pParse, TK_STRING, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&v);
-}
-        break;
-      case 63: /* ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
-{sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy328);}
-        break;
-      case 64: /* ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
-{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy328,yymsp[0].minor.yy328,yymsp[-2].minor.yy328);}
-        break;
-      case 65: /* ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
-{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy328,0,0,0,0);}
-        break;
-      case 66: /* ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
-{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy346.pExpr);}
-        break;
-      case 67: /* ccons ::= REFERENCES nm idxlist_opt refargs */
-{sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy14,yymsp[0].minor.yy328);}
-        break;
-      case 68: /* ccons ::= defer_subclause */
-{sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy328);}
-        break;
-      case 69: /* ccons ::= COLLATE ids */
-{sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 72: /* refargs ::= */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = OE_None*0x0101; /* EV: R-19803-45884 */}
-        break;
-      case 73: /* refargs ::= refargs refarg */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = (yymsp[-1].minor.yy328 & ~yymsp[0].minor.yy429.mask) | yymsp[0].minor.yy429.value; }
-        break;
-      case 74: /* refarg ::= MATCH nm */
-      case 75: /* refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */ yytestcase(yyruleno==75);
-{ yygotominor.yy429.value = 0;     yygotominor.yy429.mask = 0x000000; }
-        break;
-      case 76: /* refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
-{ yygotominor.yy429.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy328;     yygotominor.yy429.mask = 0x0000ff; }
-        break;
-      case 77: /* refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
-{ yygotominor.yy429.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy328<<8;  yygotominor.yy429.mask = 0x00ff00; }
-        break;
-      case 78: /* refact ::= SET NULL */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = OE_SetNull;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
-        break;
-      case 79: /* refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = OE_SetDflt;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
-        break;
-      case 80: /* refact ::= CASCADE */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = OE_Cascade;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
-        break;
-      case 81: /* refact ::= RESTRICT */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = OE_Restrict; /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
-        break;
-      case 82: /* refact ::= NO ACTION */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = OE_None;     /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
-        break;
-      case 84: /* defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
-      case 99: /* defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause */ yytestcase(yyruleno==99);
-      case 101: /* onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */ yytestcase(yyruleno==101);
-      case 104: /* resolvetype ::= raisetype */ yytestcase(yyruleno==104);
-{yygotominor.yy328 = yymsp[0].minor.yy328;}
-        break;
-      case 88: /* conslist_opt ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy0.n = 0; yygotominor.yy0.z = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 89: /* conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */
-{yygotominor.yy0 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0;}
-        break;
-      case 94: /* tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP idxlist autoinc RP onconf */
-{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy14,yymsp[0].minor.yy328,yymsp[-2].minor.yy328,0);}
-        break;
-      case 95: /* tcons ::= UNIQUE LP idxlist RP onconf */
-{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy14,yymsp[0].minor.yy328,0,0,0,0);}
-        break;
-      case 96: /* tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
-{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy346.pExpr);}
-        break;
-      case 97: /* tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP idxlist RP REFERENCES nm idxlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
-{
-    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy14, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy14, yymsp[-1].minor.yy328);
-    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy328);
-}
-        break;
-      case 100: /* onconf ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy328 = OE_Default;}
-        break;
-      case 102: /* orconf ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy186 = OE_Default;}
-        break;
-      case 103: /* orconf ::= OR resolvetype */
-{yygotominor.yy186 = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy328;}
-        break;
-      case 105: /* resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
-{yygotominor.yy328 = OE_Ignore;}
-        break;
-      case 106: /* resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
-{yygotominor.yy328 = OE_Replace;}
-        break;
-      case 107: /* cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
-{
-  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy65, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy328);
-}
-        break;
-      case 110: /* cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm AS select */
-{
-  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy3, yymsp[-6].minor.yy328, yymsp[-4].minor.yy328);
-}
-        break;
-      case 111: /* cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
-{
-  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy65, 1, yymsp[-1].minor.yy328);
-}
-        break;
-      case 112: /* cmd ::= select */
-{
-  SelectDest dest = {SRT_Output, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy3, &dest);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy3);
-}
-        break;
-      case 113: /* select ::= oneselect */
-{yygotominor.yy3 = yymsp[0].minor.yy3;}
-        break;
-      case 114: /* select ::= select multiselect_op oneselect */
-{
-  if( yymsp[0].minor.yy3 ){
-    yymsp[0].minor.yy3->op = (u8)yymsp[-1].minor.yy328;
-    yymsp[0].minor.yy3->pPrior = yymsp[-2].minor.yy3;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy3);
-  }
-  yygotominor.yy3 = yymsp[0].minor.yy3;
-}
-        break;
-      case 116: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
-{yygotominor.yy328 = TK_ALL;}
-        break;
-      case 118: /* oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy3 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy14,yymsp[-5].minor.yy65,yymsp[-4].minor.yy132,yymsp[-3].minor.yy14,yymsp[-2].minor.yy132,yymsp[-1].minor.yy14,yymsp[-7].minor.yy328,yymsp[0].minor.yy476.pLimit,yymsp[0].minor.yy476.pOffset);
-}
-        break;
-      case 122: /* sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */
-      case 248: /* idxlist_opt ::= LP idxlist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==248);
-{yygotominor.yy14 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy14;}
-        break;
-      case 123: /* sclp ::= */
-      case 151: /* orderby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==151);
-      case 159: /* groupby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==159);
-      case 241: /* exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==241);
-      case 247: /* idxlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==247);
-{yygotominor.yy14 = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 124: /* selcollist ::= sclp expr as */
-{
-   yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy14, yymsp[-1].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n>0 ) sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yygotominor.yy14, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-   sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(pParse,yygotominor.yy14,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy346);
-}
-        break;
-      case 125: /* selcollist ::= sclp STAR */
-{
-  Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_ALL, 0);
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14, p);
-}
-        break;
-      case 126: /* selcollist ::= sclp nm DOT STAR */
-{
-  Expr *pRight = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ALL, 0, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  Expr *pLeft = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
-  Expr *pDot = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight, 0);
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy14, pDot);
-}
-        break;
-      case 129: /* as ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy0.n = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 130: /* from ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy65 = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*yygotominor.yy65));}
-        break;
-      case 131: /* from ::= FROM seltablist */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy65 = yymsp[0].minor.yy65;
-  sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yygotominor.yy65);
-}
-        break;
-      case 132: /* stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
-{
-   yygotominor.yy65 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy65;
-   if( ALWAYS(yygotominor.yy65 && yygotominor.yy65->nSrc>0) ) yygotominor.yy65->a[yygotominor.yy65->nSrc-1].jointype = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy328;
-}
-        break;
-      case 133: /* stl_prefix ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy65 = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 134: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy65 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy65,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy132,yymsp[0].minor.yy408);
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yygotominor.yy65, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 135: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt */
-{
-    yygotominor.yy65 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy65,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy3,yymsp[-1].minor.yy132,yymsp[0].minor.yy408);
-  }
-        break;
-      case 136: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt */
-{
-    if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy65==0 && yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.n==0 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy132==0 && yymsp[0].minor.yy408==0 ){
-      yygotominor.yy65 = yymsp[-4].minor.yy65;
-    }else{
-      Select *pSubquery;
-      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-4].minor.yy65);
-      pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy65,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
-      yygotominor.yy65 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy65,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,pSubquery,yymsp[-1].minor.yy132,yymsp[0].minor.yy408);
-    }
-  }
-        break;
-      case 137: /* dbnm ::= */
-      case 146: /* indexed_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==146);
-{yygotominor.yy0.z=0; yygotominor.yy0.n=0;}
-        break;
-      case 139: /* fullname ::= nm dbnm */
-{yygotominor.yy65 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 140: /* joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = JT_INNER; }
-        break;
-      case 141: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,0); }
-        break;
-      case 142: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0); }
-        break;
-      case 143: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0); }
-        break;
-      case 144: /* on_opt ::= ON expr */
-      case 155: /* sortitem ::= expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==155);
-      case 162: /* having_opt ::= HAVING expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==162);
-      case 169: /* where_opt ::= WHERE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==169);
-      case 236: /* case_else ::= ELSE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==236);
-      case 238: /* case_operand ::= expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==238);
-{yygotominor.yy132 = yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr;}
-        break;
-      case 145: /* on_opt ::= */
-      case 161: /* having_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==161);
-      case 168: /* where_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==168);
-      case 237: /* case_else ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==237);
-      case 239: /* case_operand ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==239);
-{yygotominor.yy132 = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 148: /* indexed_opt ::= NOT INDEXED */
-{yygotominor.yy0.z=0; yygotominor.yy0.n=1;}
-        break;
-      case 149: /* using_opt ::= USING LP inscollist RP */
-      case 181: /* inscollist_opt ::= LP inscollist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==181);
-{yygotominor.yy408 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy408;}
-        break;
-      case 150: /* using_opt ::= */
-      case 180: /* inscollist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==180);
-{yygotominor.yy408 = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 152: /* orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
-      case 160: /* groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==160);
-      case 240: /* exprlist ::= nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==240);
-{yygotominor.yy14 = yymsp[0].minor.yy14;}
-        break;
-      case 153: /* sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA sortitem sortorder */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy14,yymsp[-1].minor.yy132);
-  if( yygotominor.yy14 ) yygotominor.yy14->a[yygotominor.yy14->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy328;
-}
-        break;
-      case 154: /* sortlist ::= sortitem sortorder */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy132);
-  if( yygotominor.yy14 && ALWAYS(yygotominor.yy14->a) ) yygotominor.yy14->a[0].sortOrder = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy328;
-}
-        break;
-      case 156: /* sortorder ::= ASC */
-      case 158: /* sortorder ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==158);
-{yygotominor.yy328 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
-        break;
-      case 157: /* sortorder ::= DESC */
-{yygotominor.yy328 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
-        break;
-      case 163: /* limit_opt ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy476.pLimit = 0; yygotominor.yy476.pOffset = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 164: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
-{yygotominor.yy476.pLimit = yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr; yygotominor.yy476.pOffset = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 165: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
-{yygotominor.yy476.pLimit = yymsp[-2].minor.yy346.pExpr; yygotominor.yy476.pOffset = yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr;}
-        break;
-      case 166: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
-{yygotominor.yy476.pOffset = yymsp[-2].minor.yy346.pExpr; yygotominor.yy476.pLimit = yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr;}
-        break;
-      case 167: /* cmd ::= DELETE FROM fullname indexed_opt where_opt */
-{
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy65, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy65,yymsp[0].minor.yy132);
-}
-        break;
-      case 170: /* cmd ::= UPDATE orconf fullname indexed_opt SET setlist where_opt */
-{
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy65, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy14,"set list"); 
-  sqlite3Update(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy65,yymsp[-1].minor.yy14,yymsp[0].minor.yy132,yymsp[-5].minor.yy186);
-}
-        break;
-      case 171: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yygotominor.yy14, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
-}
-        break;
-      case 172: /* setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yygotominor.yy14, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
-}
-        break;
-      case 173: /* cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO fullname inscollist_opt VALUES LP itemlist RP */
-{sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy65, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14, 0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy408, yymsp[-7].minor.yy186);}
-        break;
-      case 174: /* cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO fullname inscollist_opt select */
-{sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy65, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy3, yymsp[-1].minor.yy408, yymsp[-4].minor.yy186);}
-        break;
-      case 175: /* cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO fullname inscollist_opt DEFAULT VALUES */
-{sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy65, 0, 0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy408, yymsp[-5].minor.yy186);}
-        break;
-      case 176: /* insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */
-{yygotominor.yy186 = yymsp[0].minor.yy186;}
-        break;
-      case 177: /* insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */
-{yygotominor.yy186 = OE_Replace;}
-        break;
-      case 178: /* itemlist ::= itemlist COMMA expr */
-      case 242: /* nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==242);
-{yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy14,yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr);}
-        break;
-      case 179: /* itemlist ::= expr */
-      case 243: /* nexprlist ::= expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==243);
-{yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr);}
-        break;
-      case 182: /* inscollist ::= inscollist COMMA nm */
-{yygotominor.yy408 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,yymsp[-2].minor.yy408,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 183: /* inscollist ::= nm */
-{yygotominor.yy408 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 184: /* expr ::= term */
-      case 212: /* escape ::= ESCAPE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==212);
-{yygotominor.yy346 = yymsp[0].minor.yy346;}
-        break;
-      case 185: /* expr ::= LP expr RP */
-{yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = yymsp[-1].minor.yy346.pExpr; spanSet(&yygotominor.yy346,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 186: /* term ::= NULL */
-      case 191: /* term ::= INTEGER|FLOAT|BLOB */ yytestcase(yyruleno==191);
-      case 192: /* term ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==192);
-{spanExpr(&yygotominor.yy346, pParse, yymsp[0].major, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 187: /* expr ::= id */
-      case 188: /* expr ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==188);
-{spanExpr(&yygotominor.yy346, pParse, TK_ID, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 189: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm */
-{
-  Expr *temp1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
-  Expr *temp2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2, 0);
-  spanSet(&yygotominor.yy346,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 190: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
-{
-  Expr *temp1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
-  Expr *temp2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
-  Expr *temp3 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  Expr *temp4 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp2, temp3, 0);
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4, 0);
-  spanSet(&yygotominor.yy346,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 193: /* expr ::= REGISTER */
-{
-  /* When doing a nested parse, one can include terms in an expression
-  ** that look like this:   #1 #2 ...  These terms refer to registers
-  ** in the virtual machine.  #N is the N-th register. */
-  if( pParse->nested==0 ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = 0;
-  }else{
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-    if( yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ) sqlite3GetInt32(&yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[1], &yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->iTable);
-  }
-  spanSet(&yygotominor.yy346, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 194: /* expr ::= VARIABLE */
-{
-  spanExpr(&yygotominor.yy346, pParse, TK_VARIABLE, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr);
-  spanSet(&yygotominor.yy346, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 195: /* expr ::= expr COLLATE ids */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy346.pExpr, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  yygotominor.yy346.zStart = yymsp[-2].minor.yy346.zStart;
-  yygotominor.yy346.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
-}
-        break;
-      case 196: /* expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CAST, yymsp[-3].minor.yy346.pExpr, 0, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-  spanSet(&yygotominor.yy346,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 197: /* expr ::= ID LP distinct exprlist RP */
-{
-  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy14 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy14->nExpr>pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG] ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many arguments on function %T", &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
-  }
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
-  spanSet(&yygotominor.yy346,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy328 && yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ){
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->flags |= EP_Distinct;
-  }
-}
-        break;
-      case 198: /* expr ::= ID LP STAR RP */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
-  spanSet(&yygotominor.yy346,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 199: /* term ::= CTIME_KW */
-{
-  /* The CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_DATE, and CURRENT_TIMESTAMP values are
-  ** treated as functions that return constants */
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  if( yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ){
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->op = TK_CONST_FUNC;  
-  }
-  spanSet(&yygotominor.yy346, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 200: /* expr ::= expr AND expr */
-      case 201: /* expr ::= expr OR expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==201);
-      case 202: /* expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==202);
-      case 203: /* expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==203);
-      case 204: /* expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==204);
-      case 205: /* expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==205);
-      case 206: /* expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==206);
-      case 207: /* expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==207);
-{spanBinaryExpr(&yygotominor.yy346,pParse,yymsp[-1].major,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy346,&yymsp[0].minor.yy346);}
-        break;
-      case 208: /* likeop ::= LIKE_KW */
-      case 210: /* likeop ::= MATCH */ yytestcase(yyruleno==210);
-{yygotominor.yy96.eOperator = yymsp[0].minor.yy0; yygotominor.yy96.not = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 209: /* likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW */
-      case 211: /* likeop ::= NOT MATCH */ yytestcase(yyruleno==211);
-{yygotominor.yy96.eOperator = yymsp[0].minor.yy0; yygotominor.yy96.not = 1;}
-        break;
-      case 213: /* escape ::= */
-{memset(&yygotominor.yy346,0,sizeof(yygotominor.yy346));}
-        break;
-      case 214: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr escape */
-{
-  ExprList *pList;
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-3].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-  if( yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr ){
-    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-  }
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy96.eOperator);
-  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy96.not ) yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr, 0, 0);
-  yygotominor.yy346.zStart = yymsp[-3].minor.yy346.zStart;
-  yygotominor.yy346.zEnd = yymsp[-1].minor.yy346.zEnd;
-  if( yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ) yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
-}
-        break;
-      case 215: /* expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
-{spanUnaryPostfix(&yygotominor.yy346,pParse,yymsp[0].major,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy346,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 216: /* expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
-{spanUnaryPostfix(&yygotominor.yy346,pParse,TK_NOTNULL,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy346,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 217: /* expr ::= expr IS expr */
-{
-  spanBinaryExpr(&yygotominor.yy346,pParse,TK_IS,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy346,&yymsp[0].minor.yy346);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr, TK_ISNULL);
-}
-        break;
-      case 218: /* expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
-{
-  spanBinaryExpr(&yygotominor.yy346,pParse,TK_ISNOT,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy346,&yymsp[0].minor.yy346);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr, TK_NOTNULL);
-}
-        break;
-      case 219: /* expr ::= NOT expr */
-      case 220: /* expr ::= BITNOT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==220);
-{spanUnaryPrefix(&yygotominor.yy346,pParse,yymsp[-1].major,&yymsp[0].minor.yy346,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 221: /* expr ::= MINUS expr */
-{spanUnaryPrefix(&yygotominor.yy346,pParse,TK_UMINUS,&yymsp[0].minor.yy346,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 222: /* expr ::= PLUS expr */
-{spanUnaryPrefix(&yygotominor.yy346,pParse,TK_UPLUS,&yymsp[0].minor.yy346,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 225: /* expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
-{
-  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy346.pExpr, 0, 0);
-  if( yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ){
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->x.pList = pList;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
-  } 
-  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy328 ) yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr, 0, 0);
-  yygotominor.yy346.zStart = yymsp[-4].minor.yy346.zStart;
-  yygotominor.yy346.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy346.zEnd;
-}
-        break;
-      case 228: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
-{
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy346.pExpr, 0, 0);
-    if( yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ){
-      yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy14;
-      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14);
-    }
-    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy328 ) yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr, 0, 0);
-    yygotominor.yy346.zStart = yymsp[-4].minor.yy346.zStart;
-    yygotominor.yy346.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
-  }
-        break;
-      case 229: /* expr ::= LP select RP */
-{
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
-    if( yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ){
-      yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->x.pSelect = yymsp[-1].minor.yy3;
-      ExprSetProperty(yygotominor.yy346.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect);
-      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy3);
-    }
-    yygotominor.yy346.zStart = yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z;
-    yygotominor.yy346.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
-  }
-        break;
-      case 230: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
-{
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy346.pExpr, 0, 0);
-    if( yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ){
-      yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->x.pSelect = yymsp[-1].minor.yy3;
-      ExprSetProperty(yygotominor.yy346.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect);
-      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy3);
-    }
-    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy328 ) yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr, 0, 0);
-    yygotominor.yy346.zStart = yymsp[-4].minor.yy346.zStart;
-    yygotominor.yy346.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
-  }
-        break;
-      case 231: /* expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm */
-{
-    SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-3].minor.yy346.pExpr, 0, 0);
-    if( yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ){
-      yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
-      ExprSetProperty(yygotominor.yy346.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect);
-      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, pSrc);
-    }
-    if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy328 ) yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr, 0, 0);
-    yygotominor.yy346.zStart = yymsp[-3].minor.yy346.zStart;
-    yygotominor.yy346.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z ? &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n] : &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n];
-  }
-        break;
-      case 232: /* expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
-{
-    Expr *p = yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0, 0);
-    if( p ){
-      p->x.pSelect = yymsp[-1].minor.yy3;
-      ExprSetProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect);
-      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, p);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy3);
-    }
-    yygotominor.yy346.zStart = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z;
-    yygotominor.yy346.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
-  }
-        break;
-      case 233: /* expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, yymsp[-3].minor.yy132, yymsp[-1].minor.yy132, 0);
-  if( yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ){
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->x.pList = yymsp[-2].minor.yy14;
-    sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, yygotominor.yy346.pExpr);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy14);
-  }
-  yygotominor.yy346.zStart = yymsp[-4].minor.yy0.z;
-  yygotominor.yy346.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
-}
-        break;
-      case 234: /* case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, yymsp[-2].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yygotominor.yy14, yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-}
-        break;
-      case 235: /* case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yygotominor.yy14, yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-}
-        break;
-      case 244: /* cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP idxlist RP */
-{
-  sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, 
-                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,0), yymsp[-1].minor.yy14, yymsp[-9].minor.yy328,
-                      &yymsp[-10].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, SQLITE_SO_ASC, yymsp[-7].minor.yy328);
-}
-        break;
-      case 245: /* uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
-      case 299: /* raisetype ::= ABORT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==299);
-{yygotominor.yy328 = OE_Abort;}
-        break;
-      case 246: /* uniqueflag ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy328 = OE_None;}
-        break;
-      case 249: /* idxlist ::= idxlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
-{
-  Expr *p = 0;
-  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n>0 ){
-    p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_COLUMN, 0);
-    sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, p, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-  }
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, p);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse,yygotominor.yy14,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,1);
-  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, yygotominor.yy14, "index");
-  if( yygotominor.yy14 ) yygotominor.yy14->a[yygotominor.yy14->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy328;
-}
-        break;
-      case 250: /* idxlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
-{
-  Expr *p = 0;
-  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n>0 ){
-    p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, p, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-  }
-  yygotominor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, p);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yygotominor.yy14, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
-  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, yygotominor.yy14, "index");
-  if( yygotominor.yy14 ) yygotominor.yy14->a[yygotominor.yy14->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy328;
-}
-        break;
-      case 251: /* collate ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy0.z = 0; yygotominor.yy0.n = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 253: /* cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
-{sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy65, yymsp[-1].minor.yy328);}
-        break;
-      case 254: /* cmd ::= VACUUM */
-      case 255: /* cmd ::= VACUUM nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==255);
-{sqlite3Vacuum(pParse);}
-        break;
-      case 256: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
-{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0,0);}
-        break;
-      case 257: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
-{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);}
-        break;
-      case 258: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
-{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0);}
-        break;
-      case 259: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
-{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,1);}
-        break;
-      case 260: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
-{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,1);}
-        break;
-      case 271: /* cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
-{
-  Token all;
-  all.z = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z;
-  all.n = (int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z - yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z) + yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
-  sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy473, &all);
-}
-        break;
-      case 272: /* trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
-{
-  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-5].minor.yy328, yymsp[-4].minor.yy378.a, yymsp[-4].minor.yy378.b, yymsp[-2].minor.yy65, yymsp[0].minor.yy132, yymsp[-10].minor.yy328, yymsp[-8].minor.yy328);
-  yygotominor.yy0 = (yymsp[-6].minor.yy0.n==0?yymsp[-7].minor.yy0:yymsp[-6].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 273: /* trigger_time ::= BEFORE */
-      case 276: /* trigger_time ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==276);
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = TK_BEFORE; }
-        break;
-      case 274: /* trigger_time ::= AFTER */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = TK_AFTER;  }
-        break;
-      case 275: /* trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
-{ yygotominor.yy328 = TK_INSTEAD;}
-        break;
-      case 277: /* trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
-      case 278: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==278);
-{yygotominor.yy378.a = yymsp[0].major; yygotominor.yy378.b = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 279: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF inscollist */
-{yygotominor.yy378.a = TK_UPDATE; yygotominor.yy378.b = yymsp[0].minor.yy408;}
-        break;
-      case 282: /* when_clause ::= */
-      case 304: /* key_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==304);
-{ yygotominor.yy132 = 0; }
-        break;
-      case 283: /* when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
-      case 305: /* key_opt ::= KEY expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==305);
-{ yygotominor.yy132 = yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr; }
-        break;
-      case 284: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
-{
-  assert( yymsp[-2].minor.yy473!=0 );
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy473->pLast->pNext = yymsp[-1].minor.yy473;
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy473->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy473;
-  yygotominor.yy473 = yymsp[-2].minor.yy473;
-}
-        break;
-      case 285: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
-{ 
-  assert( yymsp[-1].minor.yy473!=0 );
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy473->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy473;
-  yygotominor.yy473 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy473;
-}
-        break;
-      case 287: /* trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-        "qualified table names are not allowed on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE "
-        "statements within triggers");
-}
-        break;
-      case 289: /* tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
-{
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
-        "the INDEXED BY clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
-        "within triggers");
-}
-        break;
-      case 290: /* tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
-{
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
-        "the NOT INDEXED clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
-        "within triggers");
-}
-        break;
-      case 291: /* trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt */
-{ yygotominor.yy473 = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14, yymsp[0].minor.yy132, yymsp[-5].minor.yy186); }
-        break;
-      case 292: /* trigger_cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO trnm inscollist_opt VALUES LP itemlist RP */
-{yygotominor.yy473 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy408, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14, 0, yymsp[-7].minor.yy186);}
-        break;
-      case 293: /* trigger_cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO trnm inscollist_opt select */
-{yygotominor.yy473 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy408, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy3, yymsp[-4].minor.yy186);}
-        break;
-      case 294: /* trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt */
-{yygotominor.yy473 = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy132);}
-        break;
-      case 295: /* trigger_cmd ::= select */
-{yygotominor.yy473 = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy3); }
-        break;
-      case 296: /* expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0, 0); 
-  if( yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ){
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->affinity = OE_Ignore;
-  }
-  yygotominor.yy346.zStart = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z;
-  yygotominor.yy346.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
-}
-        break;
-      case 297: /* expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
-{
-  yygotominor.yy346.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0); 
-  if( yygotominor.yy346.pExpr ) {
-    yygotominor.yy346.pExpr->affinity = (char)yymsp[-3].minor.yy328;
-  }
-  yygotominor.yy346.zStart = yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z;
-  yygotominor.yy346.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
-}
-        break;
-      case 298: /* raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
-{yygotominor.yy328 = OE_Rollback;}
-        break;
-      case 300: /* raisetype ::= FAIL */
-{yygotominor.yy328 = OE_Fail;}
-        break;
-      case 301: /* cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
-{
-  sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy65,yymsp[-1].minor.yy328);
-}
-        break;
-      case 302: /* cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
-{
-  sqlite3Attach(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy346.pExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy346.pExpr, yymsp[0].minor.yy132);
-}
-        break;
-      case 303: /* cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
-{
-  sqlite3Detach(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy346.pExpr);
-}
-        break;
-      case 308: /* cmd ::= REINDEX */
-{sqlite3Reindex(pParse, 0, 0);}
-        break;
-      case 309: /* cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
-{sqlite3Reindex(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 310: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE */
-{sqlite3Analyze(pParse, 0, 0);}
-        break;
-      case 311: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
-{sqlite3Analyze(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 312: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
-{
-  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy65,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 313: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt column */
-{
-  sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(pParse, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 314: /* add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
-{
-  pParse->db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
-  sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy65);
-}
-        break;
-      case 317: /* cmd ::= create_vtab */
-{sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,0);}
-        break;
-      case 318: /* cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
-{sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      case 319: /* create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE nm dbnm USING nm */
-{
-    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-}
-        break;
-      case 322: /* vtabarg ::= */
-{sqlite3VtabArgInit(pParse);}
-        break;
-      case 324: /* vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
-      case 325: /* vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==325);
-      case 326: /* lp ::= LP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==326);
-{sqlite3VtabArgExtend(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
-        break;
-      default:
-      /* (0) input ::= cmdlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==0);
-      /* (1) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */ yytestcase(yyruleno==1);
-      /* (2) cmdlist ::= ecmd */ yytestcase(yyruleno==2);
-      /* (3) ecmd ::= SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==3);
-      /* (4) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==4);
-      /* (10) trans_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==10);
-      /* (11) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */ yytestcase(yyruleno==11);
-      /* (12) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==12);
-      /* (20) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==20);
-      /* (21) savepoint_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==21);
-      /* (25) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */ yytestcase(yyruleno==25);
-      /* (34) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA column */ yytestcase(yyruleno==34);
-      /* (35) columnlist ::= column */ yytestcase(yyruleno==35);
-      /* (44) type ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==44);
-      /* (51) signed ::= plus_num */ yytestcase(yyruleno==51);
-      /* (52) signed ::= minus_num */ yytestcase(yyruleno==52);
-      /* (53) carglist ::= carglist carg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==53);
-      /* (54) carglist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==54);
-      /* (55) carg ::= CONSTRAINT nm ccons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==55);
-      /* (56) carg ::= ccons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==56);
-      /* (62) ccons ::= NULL onconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==62);
-      /* (90) conslist ::= conslist COMMA tcons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==90);
-      /* (91) conslist ::= conslist tcons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==91);
-      /* (92) conslist ::= tcons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==92);
-      /* (93) tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==93);
-      /* (269) plus_opt ::= PLUS */ yytestcase(yyruleno==269);
-      /* (270) plus_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==270);
-      /* (280) foreach_clause ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==280);
-      /* (281) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==281);
-      /* (288) tridxby ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==288);
-      /* (306) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==306);
-      /* (307) database_kw_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==307);
-      /* (315) kwcolumn_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==315);
-      /* (316) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==316);
-      /* (320) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==320);
-      /* (321) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==321);
-      /* (323) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */ yytestcase(yyruleno==323);
-      /* (327) anylist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==327);
-      /* (328) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==328);
-      /* (329) anylist ::= anylist ANY */ yytestcase(yyruleno==329);
-        break;
-  };
-  yygoto = yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].lhs;
-  yysize = yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].nrhs;
-  yypParser->yyidx -= yysize;
-  yyact = yy_find_reduce_action(yymsp[-yysize].stateno,(YYCODETYPE)yygoto);
-  if( yyact < YYNSTATE ){
-#ifdef NDEBUG
-    /* If we are not debugging and the reduce action popped at least
-    ** one element off the stack, then we can push the new element back
-    ** onto the stack here, and skip the stack overflow test in yy_shift().
-    ** That gives a significant speed improvement. */
-    if( yysize ){
-      yypParser->yyidx++;
-      yymsp -= yysize-1;
-      yymsp->stateno = (YYACTIONTYPE)yyact;
-      yymsp->major = (YYCODETYPE)yygoto;
-      yymsp->minor = yygotominor;
-    }else
-#endif
-    {
-      yy_shift(yypParser,yyact,yygoto,&yygotominor);
-    }
-  }else{
-    assert( yyact == YYNSTATE + YYNRULE + 1 );
-    yy_accept(yypParser);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The following code executes when the parse fails
-*/
-#ifndef YYNOERRORRECOVERY
-static void yy_parse_failed(
-  yyParser *yypParser           /* The parser */
-){
-  sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  if( yyTraceFILE ){
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sFail!\n",yyTracePrompt);
-  }
-#endif
-  while( yypParser->yyidx>=0 ) yy_pop_parser_stack(yypParser);
-  /* Here code is inserted which will be executed whenever the
-  ** parser fails */
-  sqlite3ParserARG_STORE; /* Suppress warning about unused %extra_argument variable */
-}
-#endif /* YYNOERRORRECOVERY */
-
-/*
-** The following code executes when a syntax error first occurs.
-*/
-static void yy_syntax_error(
-  yyParser *yypParser,           /* The parser */
-  int yymajor,                   /* The major type of the error token */
-  YYMINORTYPE yyminor            /* The minor type of the error token */
-){
-  sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH;
-#define TOKEN (yyminor.yy0)
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(yymajor);  /* Silence some compiler warnings */
-  assert( TOKEN.z[0] );  /* The tokenizer always gives us a token */
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &TOKEN);
-  pParse->parseError = 1;
-  sqlite3ParserARG_STORE; /* Suppress warning about unused %extra_argument variable */
-}
-
-/*
-** The following is executed when the parser accepts
-*/
-static void yy_accept(
-  yyParser *yypParser           /* The parser */
-){
-  sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  if( yyTraceFILE ){
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sAccept!\n",yyTracePrompt);
-  }
-#endif
-  while( yypParser->yyidx>=0 ) yy_pop_parser_stack(yypParser);
-  /* Here code is inserted which will be executed whenever the
-  ** parser accepts */
-  sqlite3ParserARG_STORE; /* Suppress warning about unused %extra_argument variable */
-}
-
-/* The main parser program.
-** The first argument is a pointer to a structure obtained from
-** "sqlite3ParserAlloc" which describes the current state of the parser.
-** The second argument is the major token number.  The third is
-** the minor token.  The fourth optional argument is whatever the
-** user wants (and specified in the grammar) and is available for
-** use by the action routines.
-**
-** Inputs:
-** <ul>
-** <li> A pointer to the parser (an opaque structure.)
-** <li> The major token number.
-** <li> The minor token number.
-** <li> An option argument of a grammar-specified type.
-** </ul>
-**
-** Outputs:
-** None.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Parser(
-  void *yyp,                   /* The parser */
-  int yymajor,                 /* The major token code number */
-  sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE yyminor       /* The value for the token */
-  sqlite3ParserARG_PDECL               /* Optional %extra_argument parameter */
-){
-  YYMINORTYPE yyminorunion;
-  int yyact;            /* The parser action. */
-  int yyendofinput;     /* True if we are at the end of input */
-#ifdef YYERRORSYMBOL
-  int yyerrorhit = 0;   /* True if yymajor has invoked an error */
-#endif
-  yyParser *yypParser;  /* The parser */
-
-  /* (re)initialize the parser, if necessary */
-  yypParser = (yyParser*)yyp;
-  if( yypParser->yyidx<0 ){
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
-    if( yypParser->yystksz <=0 ){
-      /*memset(&yyminorunion, 0, sizeof(yyminorunion));*/
-      yyminorunion = yyzerominor;
-      yyStackOverflow(yypParser, &yyminorunion);
-      return;
-    }
-#endif
-    yypParser->yyidx = 0;
-    yypParser->yyerrcnt = -1;
-    yypParser->yystack[0].stateno = 0;
-    yypParser->yystack[0].major = 0;
-  }
-  yyminorunion.yy0 = yyminor;
-  yyendofinput = (yymajor==0);
-  sqlite3ParserARG_STORE;
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  if( yyTraceFILE ){
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sInput %s\n",yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yymajor]);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  do{
-    yyact = yy_find_shift_action(yypParser,(YYCODETYPE)yymajor);
-    if( yyact<YYNSTATE ){
-      assert( !yyendofinput );  /* Impossible to shift the $ token */
-      yy_shift(yypParser,yyact,yymajor,&yyminorunion);
-      yypParser->yyerrcnt--;
-      yymajor = YYNOCODE;
-    }else if( yyact < YYNSTATE + YYNRULE ){
-      yy_reduce(yypParser,yyact-YYNSTATE);
-    }else{
-      assert( yyact == YY_ERROR_ACTION );
-#ifdef YYERRORSYMBOL
-      int yymx;
-#endif
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-      if( yyTraceFILE ){
-        fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sSyntax Error!\n",yyTracePrompt);
-      }
-#endif
-#ifdef YYERRORSYMBOL
-      /* A syntax error has occurred.
-      ** The response to an error depends upon whether or not the
-      ** grammar defines an error token "ERROR".  
-      **
-      ** This is what we do if the grammar does define ERROR:
-      **
-      **  * Call the %syntax_error function.
-      **
-      **  * Begin popping the stack until we enter a state where
-      **    it is legal to shift the error symbol, then shift
-      **    the error symbol.
-      **
-      **  * Set the error count to three.
-      **
-      **  * Begin accepting and shifting new tokens.  No new error
-      **    processing will occur until three tokens have been
-      **    shifted successfully.
-      **
-      */
-      if( yypParser->yyerrcnt<0 ){
-        yy_syntax_error(yypParser,yymajor,yyminorunion);
-      }
-      yymx = yypParser->yystack[yypParser->yyidx].major;
-      if( yymx==YYERRORSYMBOL || yyerrorhit ){
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        if( yyTraceFILE ){
-          fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sDiscard input token %s\n",
-             yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yymajor]);
-        }
-#endif
-        yy_destructor(yypParser, (YYCODETYPE)yymajor,&yyminorunion);
-        yymajor = YYNOCODE;
-      }else{
-         while(
-          yypParser->yyidx >= 0 &&
-          yymx != YYERRORSYMBOL &&
-          (yyact = yy_find_reduce_action(
-                        yypParser->yystack[yypParser->yyidx].stateno,
-                        YYERRORSYMBOL)) >= YYNSTATE
-        ){
-          yy_pop_parser_stack(yypParser);
-        }
-        if( yypParser->yyidx < 0 || yymajor==0 ){
-          yy_destructor(yypParser,(YYCODETYPE)yymajor,&yyminorunion);
-          yy_parse_failed(yypParser);
-          yymajor = YYNOCODE;
-        }else if( yymx!=YYERRORSYMBOL ){
-          YYMINORTYPE u2;
-          u2.YYERRSYMDT = 0;
-          yy_shift(yypParser,yyact,YYERRORSYMBOL,&u2);
-        }
-      }
-      yypParser->yyerrcnt = 3;
-      yyerrorhit = 1;
-#elif defined(YYNOERRORRECOVERY)
-      /* If the YYNOERRORRECOVERY macro is defined, then do not attempt to
-      ** do any kind of error recovery.  Instead, simply invoke the syntax
-      ** error routine and continue going as if nothing had happened.
-      **
-      ** Applications can set this macro (for example inside %include) if
-      ** they intend to abandon the parse upon the first syntax error seen.
-      */
-      yy_syntax_error(yypParser,yymajor,yyminorunion);
-      yy_destructor(yypParser,(YYCODETYPE)yymajor,&yyminorunion);
-      yymajor = YYNOCODE;
-      
-#else  /* YYERRORSYMBOL is not defined */
-      /* This is what we do if the grammar does not define ERROR:
-      **
-      **  * Report an error message, and throw away the input token.
-      **
-      **  * If the input token is $, then fail the parse.
-      **
-      ** As before, subsequent error messages are suppressed until
-      ** three input tokens have been successfully shifted.
-      */
-      if( yypParser->yyerrcnt<=0 ){
-        yy_syntax_error(yypParser,yymajor,yyminorunion);
-      }
-      yypParser->yyerrcnt = 3;
-      yy_destructor(yypParser,(YYCODETYPE)yymajor,&yyminorunion);
-      if( yyendofinput ){
-        yy_parse_failed(yypParser);
-      }
-      yymajor = YYNOCODE;
-#endif
-    }
-  }while( yymajor!=YYNOCODE && yypParser->yyidx>=0 );
-  return;
-}
-
-/************** End of parse.c ***********************************************/
-/************** Begin file tokenize.c ****************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** An tokenizer for SQL
-**
-** This file contains C code that splits an SQL input string up into
-** individual tokens and sends those tokens one-by-one over to the
-** parser for analysis.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The charMap() macro maps alphabetic characters into their
-** lower-case ASCII equivalent.  On ASCII machines, this is just
-** an upper-to-lower case map.  On EBCDIC machines we also need
-** to adjust the encoding.  Only alphabetic characters and underscores
-** need to be translated.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
-# define charMap(X) sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)X]
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
-# define charMap(X) ebcdicToAscii[(unsigned char)X]
-const unsigned char ebcdicToAscii[] = {
-/* 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F */
-   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* 0x */
-   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* 1x */
-   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* 2x */
-   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* 3x */
-   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* 4x */
-   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* 5x */
-   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 95,  0,  0,  /* 6x */
-   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* 7x */
-   0, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104,105,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* 8x */
-   0,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* 9x */
-   0,  0,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* Ax */
-   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* Bx */
-   0, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104,105,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* Cx */
-   0,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* Dx */
-   0,  0,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* Ex */
-   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  /* Fx */
-};
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3KeywordCode function looks up an identifier to determine if
-** it is a keyword.  If it is a keyword, the token code of that keyword is 
-** returned.  If the input is not a keyword, TK_ID is returned.
-**
-** The implementation of this routine was generated by a program,
-** mkkeywordhash.h, located in the tool subdirectory of the distribution.
-** The output of the mkkeywordhash.c program is written into a file
-** named keywordhash.h and then included into this source file by
-** the #include below.
-*/
-/************** Include keywordhash.h in the middle of tokenize.c ************/
-/************** Begin file keywordhash.h *************************************/
-/***** This file contains automatically generated code ******
-**
-** The code in this file has been automatically generated by
-**
-**   sqlite/tool/mkkeywordhash.c
-**
-** The code in this file implements a function that determines whether
-** or not a given identifier is really an SQL keyword.  The same thing
-** might be implemented more directly using a hand-written hash table.
-** But by using this automatically generated code, the size of the code
-** is substantially reduced.  This is important for embedded applications
-** on platforms with limited memory.
-*/
-/* Hash score: 175 */
-static int keywordCode(const char *z, int n){
-  /* zText[] encodes 811 bytes of keywords in 541 bytes */
-  /*   REINDEXEDESCAPEACHECKEYBEFOREIGNOREGEXPLAINSTEADDATABASELECT       */
-  /*   ABLEFTHENDEFERRABLELSEXCEPTRANSACTIONATURALTERAISEXCLUSIVE         */
-  /*   XISTSAVEPOINTERSECTRIGGEREFERENCESCONSTRAINTOFFSETEMPORARY         */
-  /*   UNIQUERYATTACHAVINGROUPDATEBEGINNERELEASEBETWEENOTNULLIKE          */
-  /*   CASCADELETECASECOLLATECREATECURRENT_DATEDETACHIMMEDIATEJOIN        */
-  /*   SERTMATCHPLANALYZEPRAGMABORTVALUESVIRTUALIMITWHENWHERENAME         */
-  /*   AFTEREPLACEANDEFAULTAUTOINCREMENTCASTCOLUMNCOMMITCONFLICTCROSS     */
-  /*   CURRENT_TIMESTAMPRIMARYDEFERREDISTINCTDROPFAILFROMFULLGLOBYIF      */
-  /*   ISNULLORDERESTRICTOUTERIGHTROLLBACKROWUNIONUSINGVACUUMVIEW         */
-  /*   INITIALLY                                                          */
-  static const char zText[540] = {
-    'R','E','I','N','D','E','X','E','D','E','S','C','A','P','E','A','C','H',
-    'E','C','K','E','Y','B','E','F','O','R','E','I','G','N','O','R','E','G',
-    'E','X','P','L','A','I','N','S','T','E','A','D','D','A','T','A','B','A',
-    'S','E','L','E','C','T','A','B','L','E','F','T','H','E','N','D','E','F',
-    'E','R','R','A','B','L','E','L','S','E','X','C','E','P','T','R','A','N',
-    'S','A','C','T','I','O','N','A','T','U','R','A','L','T','E','R','A','I',
-    'S','E','X','C','L','U','S','I','V','E','X','I','S','T','S','A','V','E',
-    'P','O','I','N','T','E','R','S','E','C','T','R','I','G','G','E','R','E',
-    'F','E','R','E','N','C','E','S','C','O','N','S','T','R','A','I','N','T',
-    'O','F','F','S','E','T','E','M','P','O','R','A','R','Y','U','N','I','Q',
-    'U','E','R','Y','A','T','T','A','C','H','A','V','I','N','G','R','O','U',
-    'P','D','A','T','E','B','E','G','I','N','N','E','R','E','L','E','A','S',
-    'E','B','E','T','W','E','E','N','O','T','N','U','L','L','I','K','E','C',
-    'A','S','C','A','D','E','L','E','T','E','C','A','S','E','C','O','L','L',
-    'A','T','E','C','R','E','A','T','E','C','U','R','R','E','N','T','_','D',
-    'A','T','E','D','E','T','A','C','H','I','M','M','E','D','I','A','T','E',
-    'J','O','I','N','S','E','R','T','M','A','T','C','H','P','L','A','N','A',
-    'L','Y','Z','E','P','R','A','G','M','A','B','O','R','T','V','A','L','U',
-    'E','S','V','I','R','T','U','A','L','I','M','I','T','W','H','E','N','W',
-    'H','E','R','E','N','A','M','E','A','F','T','E','R','E','P','L','A','C',
-    'E','A','N','D','E','F','A','U','L','T','A','U','T','O','I','N','C','R',
-    'E','M','E','N','T','C','A','S','T','C','O','L','U','M','N','C','O','M',
-    'M','I','T','C','O','N','F','L','I','C','T','C','R','O','S','S','C','U',
-    'R','R','E','N','T','_','T','I','M','E','S','T','A','M','P','R','I','M',
-    'A','R','Y','D','E','F','E','R','R','E','D','I','S','T','I','N','C','T',
-    'D','R','O','P','F','A','I','L','F','R','O','M','F','U','L','L','G','L',
-    'O','B','Y','I','F','I','S','N','U','L','L','O','R','D','E','R','E','S',
-    'T','R','I','C','T','O','U','T','E','R','I','G','H','T','R','O','L','L',
-    'B','A','C','K','R','O','W','U','N','I','O','N','U','S','I','N','G','V',
-    'A','C','U','U','M','V','I','E','W','I','N','I','T','I','A','L','L','Y',
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aHash[127] = {
-      72, 101, 114,  70,   0,  45,   0,   0,  78,   0,  73,   0,   0,
-      42,  12,  74,  15,   0, 113,  81,  50, 108,   0,  19,   0,   0,
-     118,   0, 116, 111,   0,  22,  89,   0,   9,   0,   0,  66,  67,
-       0,  65,   6,   0,  48,  86,  98,   0, 115,  97,   0,   0,  44,
-       0,  99,  24,   0,  17,   0, 119,  49,  23,   0,   5, 106,  25,
-      92,   0,   0, 121, 102,  56, 120,  53,  28,  51,   0,  87,   0,
-      96,  26,   0,  95,   0,   0,   0,  91,  88,  93,  84, 105,  14,
-      39, 104,   0,  77,   0,  18,  85, 107,  32,   0, 117,  76, 109,
-      58,  46,  80,   0,   0,  90,  40,   0, 112,   0,  36,   0,   0,
-      29,   0,  82,  59,  60,   0,  20,  57,   0,  52,
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aNext[121] = {
-       0,   0,   0,   0,   4,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   2,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  13,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   7,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   0,   0,   0,  33,   0,  21,   0,   0,   0,  43,   3,  47,
-       0,   0,   0,   0,  30,   0,  54,   0,  38,   0,   0,   0,   1,
-      62,   0,   0,  63,   0,  41,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-      61,   0,   0,   0,   0,  31,  55,  16,  34,  10,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   0,   0,   0,  11,  68,  75,   0,   8,   0, 100,  94,   0,
-     103,   0,  83,   0,  71,   0,   0, 110,  27,  37,  69,  79,   0,
-      35,  64,   0,   0,
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aLen[121] = {
-       7,   7,   5,   4,   6,   4,   5,   3,   6,   7,   3,   6,   6,
-       7,   7,   3,   8,   2,   6,   5,   4,   4,   3,  10,   4,   6,
-      11,   6,   2,   7,   5,   5,   9,   6,   9,   9,   7,  10,  10,
-       4,   6,   2,   3,   9,   4,   2,   6,   5,   6,   6,   5,   6,
-       5,   5,   7,   7,   7,   3,   2,   4,   4,   7,   3,   6,   4,
-       7,   6,  12,   6,   9,   4,   6,   5,   4,   7,   6,   5,   6,
-       7,   5,   4,   5,   6,   5,   7,   3,   7,  13,   2,   2,   4,
-       6,   6,   8,   5,  17,  12,   7,   8,   8,   2,   4,   4,   4,
-       4,   4,   2,   2,   6,   5,   8,   5,   5,   8,   3,   5,   5,
-       6,   4,   9,   3,
-  };
-  static const unsigned short int aOffset[121] = {
-       0,   2,   2,   8,   9,  14,  16,  20,  23,  25,  25,  29,  33,
-      36,  41,  46,  48,  53,  54,  59,  62,  65,  67,  69,  78,  81,
-      86,  91,  95,  96, 101, 105, 109, 117, 122, 128, 136, 142, 152,
-     159, 162, 162, 165, 167, 167, 171, 176, 179, 184, 189, 194, 197,
-     203, 206, 210, 217, 223, 223, 223, 226, 229, 233, 234, 238, 244,
-     248, 255, 261, 273, 279, 288, 290, 296, 301, 303, 310, 315, 320,
-     326, 332, 337, 341, 344, 350, 354, 361, 363, 370, 372, 374, 383,
-     387, 393, 399, 407, 412, 412, 428, 435, 442, 443, 450, 454, 458,
-     462, 466, 469, 471, 473, 479, 483, 491, 495, 500, 508, 511, 516,
-     521, 527, 531, 536,
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aCode[121] = {
-    TK_REINDEX,    TK_INDEXED,    TK_INDEX,      TK_DESC,       TK_ESCAPE,     
-    TK_EACH,       TK_CHECK,      TK_KEY,        TK_BEFORE,     TK_FOREIGN,    
-    TK_FOR,        TK_IGNORE,     TK_LIKE_KW,    TK_EXPLAIN,    TK_INSTEAD,    
-    TK_ADD,        TK_DATABASE,   TK_AS,         TK_SELECT,     TK_TABLE,      
-    TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_THEN,       TK_END,        TK_DEFERRABLE, TK_ELSE,       
-    TK_EXCEPT,     TK_TRANSACTION,TK_ACTION,     TK_ON,         TK_JOIN_KW,    
-    TK_ALTER,      TK_RAISE,      TK_EXCLUSIVE,  TK_EXISTS,     TK_SAVEPOINT,  
-    TK_INTERSECT,  TK_TRIGGER,    TK_REFERENCES, TK_CONSTRAINT, TK_INTO,       
-    TK_OFFSET,     TK_OF,         TK_SET,        TK_TEMP,       TK_TEMP,       
-    TK_OR,         TK_UNIQUE,     TK_QUERY,      TK_ATTACH,     TK_HAVING,     
-    TK_GROUP,      TK_UPDATE,     TK_BEGIN,      TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RELEASE,    
-    TK_BETWEEN,    TK_NOTNULL,    TK_NOT,        TK_NO,         TK_NULL,       
-    TK_LIKE_KW,    TK_CASCADE,    TK_ASC,        TK_DELETE,     TK_CASE,       
-    TK_COLLATE,    TK_CREATE,     TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_DETACH,     TK_IMMEDIATE,  
-    TK_JOIN,       TK_INSERT,     TK_MATCH,      TK_PLAN,       TK_ANALYZE,    
-    TK_PRAGMA,     TK_ABORT,      TK_VALUES,     TK_VIRTUAL,    TK_LIMIT,      
-    TK_WHEN,       TK_WHERE,      TK_RENAME,     TK_AFTER,      TK_REPLACE,    
-    TK_AND,        TK_DEFAULT,    TK_AUTOINCR,   TK_TO,         TK_IN,         
-    TK_CAST,       TK_COLUMNKW,   TK_COMMIT,     TK_CONFLICT,   TK_JOIN_KW,    
-    TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_PRIMARY,    TK_DEFERRED,   TK_DISTINCT,   
-    TK_IS,         TK_DROP,       TK_FAIL,       TK_FROM,       TK_JOIN_KW,    
-    TK_LIKE_KW,    TK_BY,         TK_IF,         TK_ISNULL,     TK_ORDER,      
-    TK_RESTRICT,   TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_ROLLBACK,   TK_ROW,        
-    TK_UNION,      TK_USING,      TK_VACUUM,     TK_VIEW,       TK_INITIALLY,  
-    TK_ALL,        
-  };
-  int h, i;
-  if( n<2 ) return TK_ID;
-  h = ((charMap(z[0])*4) ^
-      (charMap(z[n-1])*3) ^
-      n) % 127;
-  for(i=((int)aHash[h])-1; i>=0; i=((int)aNext[i])-1){
-    if( aLen[i]==n && sqlite3StrNICmp(&zText[aOffset[i]],z,n)==0 ){
-      testcase( i==0 ); /* REINDEX */
-      testcase( i==1 ); /* INDEXED */
-      testcase( i==2 ); /* INDEX */
-      testcase( i==3 ); /* DESC */
-      testcase( i==4 ); /* ESCAPE */
-      testcase( i==5 ); /* EACH */
-      testcase( i==6 ); /* CHECK */
-      testcase( i==7 ); /* KEY */
-      testcase( i==8 ); /* BEFORE */
-      testcase( i==9 ); /* FOREIGN */
-      testcase( i==10 ); /* FOR */
-      testcase( i==11 ); /* IGNORE */
-      testcase( i==12 ); /* REGEXP */
-      testcase( i==13 ); /* EXPLAIN */
-      testcase( i==14 ); /* INSTEAD */
-      testcase( i==15 ); /* ADD */
-      testcase( i==16 ); /* DATABASE */
-      testcase( i==17 ); /* AS */
-      testcase( i==18 ); /* SELECT */
-      testcase( i==19 ); /* TABLE */
-      testcase( i==20 ); /* LEFT */
-      testcase( i==21 ); /* THEN */
-      testcase( i==22 ); /* END */
-      testcase( i==23 ); /* DEFERRABLE */
-      testcase( i==24 ); /* ELSE */
-      testcase( i==25 ); /* EXCEPT */
-      testcase( i==26 ); /* TRANSACTION */
-      testcase( i==27 ); /* ACTION */
-      testcase( i==28 ); /* ON */
-      testcase( i==29 ); /* NATURAL */
-      testcase( i==30 ); /* ALTER */
-      testcase( i==31 ); /* RAISE */
-      testcase( i==32 ); /* EXCLUSIVE */
-      testcase( i==33 ); /* EXISTS */
-      testcase( i==34 ); /* SAVEPOINT */
-      testcase( i==35 ); /* INTERSECT */
-      testcase( i==36 ); /* TRIGGER */
-      testcase( i==37 ); /* REFERENCES */
-      testcase( i==38 ); /* CONSTRAINT */
-      testcase( i==39 ); /* INTO */
-      testcase( i==40 ); /* OFFSET */
-      testcase( i==41 ); /* OF */
-      testcase( i==42 ); /* SET */
-      testcase( i==43 ); /* TEMPORARY */
-      testcase( i==44 ); /* TEMP */
-      testcase( i==45 ); /* OR */
-      testcase( i==46 ); /* UNIQUE */
-      testcase( i==47 ); /* QUERY */
-      testcase( i==48 ); /* ATTACH */
-      testcase( i==49 ); /* HAVING */
-      testcase( i==50 ); /* GROUP */
-      testcase( i==51 ); /* UPDATE */
-      testcase( i==52 ); /* BEGIN */
-      testcase( i==53 ); /* INNER */
-      testcase( i==54 ); /* RELEASE */
-      testcase( i==55 ); /* BETWEEN */
-      testcase( i==56 ); /* NOTNULL */
-      testcase( i==57 ); /* NOT */
-      testcase( i==58 ); /* NO */
-      testcase( i==59 ); /* NULL */
-      testcase( i==60 ); /* LIKE */
-      testcase( i==61 ); /* CASCADE */
-      testcase( i==62 ); /* ASC */
-      testcase( i==63 ); /* DELETE */
-      testcase( i==64 ); /* CASE */
-      testcase( i==65 ); /* COLLATE */
-      testcase( i==66 ); /* CREATE */
-      testcase( i==67 ); /* CURRENT_DATE */
-      testcase( i==68 ); /* DETACH */
-      testcase( i==69 ); /* IMMEDIATE */
-      testcase( i==70 ); /* JOIN */
-      testcase( i==71 ); /* INSERT */
-      testcase( i==72 ); /* MATCH */
-      testcase( i==73 ); /* PLAN */
-      testcase( i==74 ); /* ANALYZE */
-      testcase( i==75 ); /* PRAGMA */
-      testcase( i==76 ); /* ABORT */
-      testcase( i==77 ); /* VALUES */
-      testcase( i==78 ); /* VIRTUAL */
-      testcase( i==79 ); /* LIMIT */
-      testcase( i==80 ); /* WHEN */
-      testcase( i==81 ); /* WHERE */
-      testcase( i==82 ); /* RENAME */
-      testcase( i==83 ); /* AFTER */
-      testcase( i==84 ); /* REPLACE */
-      testcase( i==85 ); /* AND */
-      testcase( i==86 ); /* DEFAULT */
-      testcase( i==87 ); /* AUTOINCREMENT */
-      testcase( i==88 ); /* TO */
-      testcase( i==89 ); /* IN */
-      testcase( i==90 ); /* CAST */
-      testcase( i==91 ); /* COLUMN */
-      testcase( i==92 ); /* COMMIT */
-      testcase( i==93 ); /* CONFLICT */
-      testcase( i==94 ); /* CROSS */
-      testcase( i==95 ); /* CURRENT_TIMESTAMP */
-      testcase( i==96 ); /* CURRENT_TIME */
-      testcase( i==97 ); /* PRIMARY */
-      testcase( i==98 ); /* DEFERRED */
-      testcase( i==99 ); /* DISTINCT */
-      testcase( i==100 ); /* IS */
-      testcase( i==101 ); /* DROP */
-      testcase( i==102 ); /* FAIL */
-      testcase( i==103 ); /* FROM */
-      testcase( i==104 ); /* FULL */
-      testcase( i==105 ); /* GLOB */
-      testcase( i==106 ); /* BY */
-      testcase( i==107 ); /* IF */
-      testcase( i==108 ); /* ISNULL */
-      testcase( i==109 ); /* ORDER */
-      testcase( i==110 ); /* RESTRICT */
-      testcase( i==111 ); /* OUTER */
-      testcase( i==112 ); /* RIGHT */
-      testcase( i==113 ); /* ROLLBACK */
-      testcase( i==114 ); /* ROW */
-      testcase( i==115 ); /* UNION */
-      testcase( i==116 ); /* USING */
-      testcase( i==117 ); /* VACUUM */
-      testcase( i==118 ); /* VIEW */
-      testcase( i==119 ); /* INITIALLY */
-      testcase( i==120 ); /* ALL */
-      return aCode[i];
-    }
-  }
-  return TK_ID;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char *z, int n){
-  return keywordCode((char*)z, n);
-}
-#define SQLITE_N_KEYWORD 121
-
-/************** End of keywordhash.h *****************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in tokenize.c *******************/
-
-
-/*
-** If X is a character that can be used in an identifier then
-** IdChar(X) will be true.  Otherwise it is false.
-**
-** For ASCII, any character with the high-order bit set is
-** allowed in an identifier.  For 7-bit characters, 
-** sqlite3IsIdChar[X] must be 1.
-**
-** For EBCDIC, the rules are more complex but have the same
-** end result.
-**
-** Ticket #1066.  the SQL standard does not allow '$' in the
-** middle of identfiers.  But many SQL implementations do. 
-** SQLite will allow '$' in identifiers for compatibility.
-** But the feature is undocumented.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
-#define IdChar(C)  ((sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)C]&0x46)!=0)
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char sqlite3IsEbcdicIdChar[] = {
-/* x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 xA xB xC xD xE xF */
-    0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 4x */
-    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 5x */
-    0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,  /* 6x */
-    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 7x */
-    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,  /* 8x */
-    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,  /* 9x */
-    1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,  /* Ax */
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* Bx */
-    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  /* Cx */
-    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  /* Dx */
-    0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  /* Ex */
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,  /* Fx */
-};
-#define IdChar(C)  (((c=C)>=0x42 && sqlite3IsEbcdicIdChar[c-0x40]))
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Return the length of the token that begins at z[0]. 
-** Store the token type in *tokenType before returning.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *z, int *tokenType){
-  int i, c;
-  switch( *z ){
-    case ' ': case '\t': case '\n': case '\f': case '\r': {
-      testcase( z[0]==' ' );
-      testcase( z[0]=='\t' );
-      testcase( z[0]=='\n' );
-      testcase( z[0]=='\f' );
-      testcase( z[0]=='\r' );
-      for(i=1; sqlite3Isspace(z[i]); i++){}
-      *tokenType = TK_SPACE;
-      return i;
-    }
-    case '-': {
-      if( z[1]=='-' ){
-        /* IMP: R-15891-05542 -- syntax diagram for comments */
-        for(i=2; (c=z[i])!=0 && c!='\n'; i++){}
-        *tokenType = TK_SPACE;   /* IMP: R-22934-25134 */
-        return i;
-      }
-      *tokenType = TK_MINUS;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case '(': {
-      *tokenType = TK_LP;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case ')': {
-      *tokenType = TK_RP;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case ';': {
-      *tokenType = TK_SEMI;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case '+': {
-      *tokenType = TK_PLUS;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case '*': {
-      *tokenType = TK_STAR;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case '/': {
-      if( z[1]!='*' || z[2]==0 ){
-        *tokenType = TK_SLASH;
-        return 1;
-      }
-      /* IMP: R-15891-05542 -- syntax diagram for comments */
-      for(i=3, c=z[2]; (c!='*' || z[i]!='/') && (c=z[i])!=0; i++){}
-      if( c ) i++;
-      *tokenType = TK_SPACE;   /* IMP: R-22934-25134 */
-      return i;
-    }
-    case '%': {
-      *tokenType = TK_REM;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case '=': {
-      *tokenType = TK_EQ;
-      return 1 + (z[1]=='=');
-    }
-    case '<': {
-      if( (c=z[1])=='=' ){
-        *tokenType = TK_LE;
-        return 2;
-      }else if( c=='>' ){
-        *tokenType = TK_NE;
-        return 2;
-      }else if( c=='<' ){
-        *tokenType = TK_LSHIFT;
-        return 2;
-      }else{
-        *tokenType = TK_LT;
-        return 1;
-      }
-    }
-    case '>': {
-      if( (c=z[1])=='=' ){
-        *tokenType = TK_GE;
-        return 2;
-      }else if( c=='>' ){
-        *tokenType = TK_RSHIFT;
-        return 2;
-      }else{
-        *tokenType = TK_GT;
-        return 1;
-      }
-    }
-    case '!': {
-      if( z[1]!='=' ){
-        *tokenType = TK_ILLEGAL;
-        return 2;
-      }else{
-        *tokenType = TK_NE;
-        return 2;
-      }
-    }
-    case '|': {
-      if( z[1]!='|' ){
-        *tokenType = TK_BITOR;
-        return 1;
-      }else{
-        *tokenType = TK_CONCAT;
-        return 2;
-      }
-    }
-    case ',': {
-      *tokenType = TK_COMMA;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case '&': {
-      *tokenType = TK_BITAND;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case '~': {
-      *tokenType = TK_BITNOT;
-      return 1;
-    }
-    case '`':
-    case '\'':
-    case '"': {
-      int delim = z[0];
-      testcase( delim=='`' );
-      testcase( delim=='\'' );
-      testcase( delim=='"' );
-      for(i=1; (c=z[i])!=0; i++){
-        if( c==delim ){
-          if( z[i+1]==delim ){
-            i++;
-          }else{
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if( c=='\'' ){
-        *tokenType = TK_STRING;
-        return i+1;
-      }else if( c!=0 ){
-        *tokenType = TK_ID;
-        return i+1;
-      }else{
-        *tokenType = TK_ILLEGAL;
-        return i;
-      }
-    }
-    case '.': {
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-      if( !sqlite3Isdigit(z[1]) )
-#endif
-      {
-        *tokenType = TK_DOT;
-        return 1;
-      }
-      /* If the next character is a digit, this is a floating point
-      ** number that begins with ".".  Fall thru into the next case */
-    }
-    case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
-    case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': {
-      testcase( z[0]=='0' );  testcase( z[0]=='1' );  testcase( z[0]=='2' );
-      testcase( z[0]=='3' );  testcase( z[0]=='4' );  testcase( z[0]=='5' );
-      testcase( z[0]=='6' );  testcase( z[0]=='7' );  testcase( z[0]=='8' );
-      testcase( z[0]=='9' );
-      *tokenType = TK_INTEGER;
-      for(i=0; sqlite3Isdigit(z[i]); i++){}
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-      if( z[i]=='.' ){
-        i++;
-        while( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i]) ){ i++; }
-        *tokenType = TK_FLOAT;
-      }
-      if( (z[i]=='e' || z[i]=='E') &&
-           ( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i+1]) 
-            || ((z[i+1]=='+' || z[i+1]=='-') && sqlite3Isdigit(z[i+2]))
-           )
-      ){
-        i += 2;
-        while( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i]) ){ i++; }
-        *tokenType = TK_FLOAT;
-      }
-#endif
-      while( IdChar(z[i]) ){
-        *tokenType = TK_ILLEGAL;
-        i++;
-      }
-      return i;
-    }
-    case '[': {
-      for(i=1, c=z[0]; c!=']' && (c=z[i])!=0; i++){}
-      *tokenType = c==']' ? TK_ID : TK_ILLEGAL;
-      return i;
-    }
-    case '?': {
-      *tokenType = TK_VARIABLE;
-      for(i=1; sqlite3Isdigit(z[i]); i++){}
-      return i;
-    }
-    case '#': {
-      for(i=1; sqlite3Isdigit(z[i]); i++){}
-      if( i>1 ){
-        /* Parameters of the form #NNN (where NNN is a number) are used
-        ** internally by sqlite3NestedParse.  */
-        *tokenType = TK_REGISTER;
-        return i;
-      }
-      /* Fall through into the next case if the '#' is not followed by
-      ** a digit. Try to match #AAAA where AAAA is a parameter name. */
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE
-    case '$':
-#endif
-    case '@':  /* For compatibility with MS SQL Server */
-    case ':': {
-      int n = 0;
-      testcase( z[0]=='$' );  testcase( z[0]=='@' );  testcase( z[0]==':' );
-      *tokenType = TK_VARIABLE;
-      for(i=1; (c=z[i])!=0; i++){
-        if( IdChar(c) ){
-          n++;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE
-        }else if( c=='(' && n>0 ){
-          do{
-            i++;
-          }while( (c=z[i])!=0 && !sqlite3Isspace(c) && c!=')' );
-          if( c==')' ){
-            i++;
-          }else{
-            *tokenType = TK_ILLEGAL;
-          }
-          break;
-        }else if( c==':' && z[i+1]==':' ){
-          i++;
-#endif
-        }else{
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if( n==0 ) *tokenType = TK_ILLEGAL;
-      return i;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
-    case 'x': case 'X': {
-      testcase( z[0]=='x' ); testcase( z[0]=='X' );
-      if( z[1]=='\'' ){
-        *tokenType = TK_BLOB;
-        for(i=2; (c=z[i])!=0 && c!='\''; i++){
-          if( !sqlite3Isxdigit(c) ){
-            *tokenType = TK_ILLEGAL;
-          }
-        }
-        if( i%2 || !c ) *tokenType = TK_ILLEGAL;
-        if( c ) i++;
-        return i;
-      }
-      /* Otherwise fall through to the next case */
-    }
-#endif
-    default: {
-      if( !IdChar(*z) ){
-        break;
-      }
-      for(i=1; IdChar(z[i]); i++){}
-      *tokenType = keywordCode((char*)z, i);
-      return i;
-    }
-  }
-  *tokenType = TK_ILLEGAL;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Run the parser on the given SQL string.  The parser structure is
-** passed in.  An SQLITE_ status code is returned.  If an error occurs
-** then an and attempt is made to write an error message into 
-** memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc() and to make *pzErrMsg point to that
-** error message.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql, char **pzErrMsg){
-  int nErr = 0;                   /* Number of errors encountered */
-  int i;                          /* Loop counter */
-  void *pEngine;                  /* The LEMON-generated LALR(1) parser */
-  int tokenType;                  /* type of the next token */
-  int lastTokenParsed = -1;       /* type of the previous token */
-  u8 enableLookaside;             /* Saved value of db->lookaside.bEnabled */
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;       /* The database connection */
-  int mxSqlLen;                   /* Max length of an SQL string */
-
-
-  mxSqlLen = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH];
-  if( db->activeVdbeCnt==0 ){
-    db->u1.isInterrupted = 0;
-  }
-  pParse->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  pParse->zTail = zSql;
-  i = 0;
-  assert( pzErrMsg!=0 );
-  pEngine = sqlite3ParserAlloc((void*(*)(size_t))sqlite3Malloc);
-  if( pEngine==0 ){
-    db->mallocFailed = 1;
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  assert( pParse->pNewTable==0 );
-  assert( pParse->pNewTrigger==0 );
-  assert( pParse->nVar==0 );
-  assert( pParse->nVarExpr==0 );
-  assert( pParse->nVarExprAlloc==0 );
-  assert( pParse->apVarExpr==0 );
-  enableLookaside = db->lookaside.bEnabled;
-  if( db->lookaside.pStart ) db->lookaside.bEnabled = 1;
-  while( !db->mallocFailed && zSql[i]!=0 ){
-    assert( i>=0 );
-    pParse->sLastToken.z = &zSql[i];
-    pParse->sLastToken.n = sqlite3GetToken((unsigned char*)&zSql[i],&tokenType);
-    i += pParse->sLastToken.n;
-    if( i>mxSqlLen ){
-      pParse->rc = SQLITE_TOOBIG;
-      break;
-    }
-    switch( tokenType ){
-      case TK_SPACE: {
-        if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
-          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "interrupt");
-          pParse->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-          goto abort_parse;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case TK_ILLEGAL: {
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, *pzErrMsg);
-        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "unrecognized token: \"%T\"",
-                        &pParse->sLastToken);
-        nErr++;
-        goto abort_parse;
-      }
-      case TK_SEMI: {
-        pParse->zTail = &zSql[i];
-        /* Fall thru into the default case */
-      }
-      default: {
-        sqlite3Parser(pEngine, tokenType, pParse->sLastToken, pParse);
-        lastTokenParsed = tokenType;
-        if( pParse->rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          goto abort_parse;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-abort_parse:
-  if( zSql[i]==0 && nErr==0 && pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( lastTokenParsed!=TK_SEMI ){
-      sqlite3Parser(pEngine, TK_SEMI, pParse->sLastToken, pParse);
-      pParse->zTail = &zSql[i];
-    }
-    sqlite3Parser(pEngine, 0, pParse->sLastToken, pParse);
-  }
-#ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
-  sqlite3StatusSet(SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK,
-      sqlite3ParserStackPeak(pEngine)
-  );
-#endif /* YYDEBUG */
-  sqlite3ParserFree(pEngine, sqlite3_free);
-  db->lookaside.bEnabled = enableLookaside;
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  if( pParse->rc!=SQLITE_OK && pParse->rc!=SQLITE_DONE && pParse->zErrMsg==0 ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&pParse->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(pParse->rc));
-  }
-  assert( pzErrMsg!=0 );
-  if( pParse->zErrMsg ){
-    *pzErrMsg = pParse->zErrMsg;
-    sqlite3_log(pParse->rc, "%s", *pzErrMsg);
-    pParse->zErrMsg = 0;
-    nErr++;
-  }
-  if( pParse->pVdbe && pParse->nErr>0 && pParse->nested==0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeDelete(pParse->pVdbe);
-    pParse->pVdbe = 0;
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  if( pParse->nested==0 ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->aTableLock);
-    pParse->aTableLock = 0;
-    pParse->nTableLock = 0;
-  }
-#endif
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->apVtabLock);
-#endif
-
-  if( !IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
-    /* If the pParse->declareVtab flag is set, do not delete any table 
-    ** structure built up in pParse->pNewTable. The calling code (see vtab.c)
-    ** will take responsibility for freeing the Table structure.
-    */
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(pParse->pNewTable);
-  }
-
-  sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, pParse->pNewTrigger);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->apVarExpr);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->aAlias);
-  while( pParse->pAinc ){
-    AutoincInfo *p = pParse->pAinc;
-    pParse->pAinc = p->pNext;
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-  }
-  while( pParse->pZombieTab ){
-    Table *p = pParse->pZombieTab;
-    pParse->pZombieTab = p->pNextZombie;
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(p);
-  }
-  if( nErr>0 && pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  return nErr;
-}
-
-/************** End of tokenize.c ********************************************/
-/************** Begin file complete.c ****************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** An tokenizer for SQL
-**
-** This file contains C code that implements the sqlite3_complete() API.
-** This code used to be part of the tokenizer.c source file.  But by
-** separating it out, the code will be automatically omitted from
-** static links that do not use it.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE
-
-/*
-** This is defined in tokenize.c.  We just have to import the definition.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
-#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
-#define IdChar(C)  ((sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)C]&0x46)!=0)
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char sqlite3IsEbcdicIdChar[];
-#define IdChar(C)  (((c=C)>=0x42 && sqlite3IsEbcdicIdChar[c-0x40]))
-#endif
-#endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
-
-
-/*
-** Token types used by the sqlite3_complete() routine.  See the header
-** comments on that procedure for additional information.
-*/
-#define tkSEMI    0
-#define tkWS      1
-#define tkOTHER   2
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-#define tkEXPLAIN 3
-#define tkCREATE  4
-#define tkTEMP    5
-#define tkTRIGGER 6
-#define tkEND     7
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if the given SQL string ends in a semicolon.
-**
-** Special handling is require for CREATE TRIGGER statements.
-** Whenever the CREATE TRIGGER keywords are seen, the statement
-** must end with ";END;".
-**
-** This implementation uses a state machine with 8 states:
-**
-**   (0) INVALID   We have not yet seen a non-whitespace character.
-**
-**   (1) START     At the beginning or end of an SQL statement.  This routine
-**                 returns 1 if it ends in the START state and 0 if it ends
-**                 in any other state.
-**
-**   (2) NORMAL    We are in the middle of statement which ends with a single
-**                 semicolon.
-**
-**   (3) EXPLAIN   The keyword EXPLAIN has been seen at the beginning of 
-**                 a statement.
-**
-**   (4) CREATE    The keyword CREATE has been seen at the beginning of a
-**                 statement, possibly preceeded by EXPLAIN and/or followed by
-**                 TEMP or TEMPORARY
-**
-**   (5) TRIGGER   We are in the middle of a trigger definition that must be
-**                 ended by a semicolon, the keyword END, and another semicolon.
-**
-**   (6) SEMI      We've seen the first semicolon in the ";END;" that occurs at
-**                 the end of a trigger definition.
-**
-**   (7) END       We've seen the ";END" of the ";END;" that occurs at the end
-**                 of a trigger difinition.
-**
-** Transitions between states above are determined by tokens extracted
-** from the input.  The following tokens are significant:
-**
-**   (0) tkSEMI      A semicolon.
-**   (1) tkWS        Whitespace.
-**   (2) tkOTHER     Any other SQL token.
-**   (3) tkEXPLAIN   The "explain" keyword.
-**   (4) tkCREATE    The "create" keyword.
-**   (5) tkTEMP      The "temp" or "temporary" keyword.
-**   (6) tkTRIGGER   The "trigger" keyword.
-**   (7) tkEND       The "end" keyword.
-**
-** Whitespace never causes a state transition and is always ignored.
-** This means that a SQL string of all whitespace is invalid.
-**
-** If we compile with SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER, all of the computation needed
-** to recognize the end of a trigger can be omitted.  All we have to do
-** is look for a semicolon that is not part of an string or comment.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *zSql){
-  u8 state = 0;   /* Current state, using numbers defined in header comment */
-  u8 token;       /* Value of the next token */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  /* A complex statement machine used to detect the end of a CREATE TRIGGER
-  ** statement.  This is the normal case.
-  */
-  static const u8 trans[8][8] = {
-                     /* Token:                                                */
-     /* State:       **  SEMI  WS  OTHER  EXPLAIN  CREATE  TEMP  TRIGGER  END */
-     /* 0 INVALID: */ {    1,  0,     2,       3,      4,    2,       2,   2, },
-     /* 1   START: */ {    1,  1,     2,       3,      4,    2,       2,   2, },
-     /* 2  NORMAL: */ {    1,  2,     2,       2,      2,    2,       2,   2, },
-     /* 3 EXPLAIN: */ {    1,  3,     3,       2,      4,    2,       2,   2, },
-     /* 4  CREATE: */ {    1,  4,     2,       2,      2,    4,       5,   2, },
-     /* 5 TRIGGER: */ {    6,  5,     5,       5,      5,    5,       5,   5, },
-     /* 6    SEMI: */ {    6,  6,     5,       5,      5,    5,       5,   7, },
-     /* 7     END: */ {    1,  7,     5,       5,      5,    5,       5,   5, },
-  };
-#else
-  /* If triggers are not supported by this compile then the statement machine
-  ** used to detect the end of a statement is much simplier
-  */
-  static const u8 trans[3][3] = {
-                     /* Token:           */
-     /* State:       **  SEMI  WS  OTHER */
-     /* 0 INVALID: */ {    1,  0,     2, },
-     /* 1   START: */ {    1,  1,     2, },
-     /* 2  NORMAL: */ {    1,  2,     2, },
-  };
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */
-
-  while( *zSql ){
-    switch( *zSql ){
-      case ';': {  /* A semicolon */
-        token = tkSEMI;
-        break;
-      }
-      case ' ':
-      case '\r':
-      case '\t':
-      case '\n':
-      case '\f': {  /* White space is ignored */
-        token = tkWS;
-        break;
-      }
-      case '/': {   /* C-style comments */
-        if( zSql[1]!='*' ){
-          token = tkOTHER;
-          break;
-        }
-        zSql += 2;
-        while( zSql[0] && (zSql[0]!='*' || zSql[1]!='/') ){ zSql++; }
-        if( zSql[0]==0 ) return 0;
-        zSql++;
-        token = tkWS;
-        break;
-      }
-      case '-': {   /* SQL-style comments from "--" to end of line */
-        if( zSql[1]!='-' ){
-          token = tkOTHER;
-          break;
-        }
-        while( *zSql && *zSql!='\n' ){ zSql++; }
-        if( *zSql==0 ) return state==1;
-        token = tkWS;
-        break;
-      }
-      case '[': {   /* Microsoft-style identifiers in [...] */
-        zSql++;
-        while( *zSql && *zSql!=']' ){ zSql++; }
-        if( *zSql==0 ) return 0;
-        token = tkOTHER;
-        break;
-      }
-      case '`':     /* Grave-accent quoted symbols used by MySQL */
-      case '"':     /* single- and double-quoted strings */
-      case '\'': {
-        int c = *zSql;
-        zSql++;
-        while( *zSql && *zSql!=c ){ zSql++; }
-        if( *zSql==0 ) return 0;
-        token = tkOTHER;
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
-        unsigned char c;
-#endif
-        if( IdChar((u8)*zSql) ){
-          /* Keywords and unquoted identifiers */
-          int nId;
-          for(nId=1; IdChar(zSql[nId]); nId++){}
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-          token = tkOTHER;
-#else
-          switch( *zSql ){
-            case 'c': case 'C': {
-              if( nId==6 && sqlite3StrNICmp(zSql, "create", 6)==0 ){
-                token = tkCREATE;
-              }else{
-                token = tkOTHER;
-              }
-              break;
-            }
-            case 't': case 'T': {
-              if( nId==7 && sqlite3StrNICmp(zSql, "trigger", 7)==0 ){
-                token = tkTRIGGER;
-              }else if( nId==4 && sqlite3StrNICmp(zSql, "temp", 4)==0 ){
-                token = tkTEMP;
-              }else if( nId==9 && sqlite3StrNICmp(zSql, "temporary", 9)==0 ){
-                token = tkTEMP;
-              }else{
-                token = tkOTHER;
-              }
-              break;
-            }
-            case 'e':  case 'E': {
-              if( nId==3 && sqlite3StrNICmp(zSql, "end", 3)==0 ){
-                token = tkEND;
-              }else
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
-              if( nId==7 && sqlite3StrNICmp(zSql, "explain", 7)==0 ){
-                token = tkEXPLAIN;
-              }else
-#endif
-              {
-                token = tkOTHER;
-              }
-              break;
-            }
-            default: {
-              token = tkOTHER;
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */
-          zSql += nId-1;
-        }else{
-          /* Operators and special symbols */
-          token = tkOTHER;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    state = trans[state][token];
-    zSql++;
-  }
-  return state==1;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-/*
-** This routine is the same as the sqlite3_complete() routine described
-** above, except that the parameter is required to be UTF-16 encoded, not
-** UTF-8.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *zSql){
-  sqlite3_value *pVal;
-  char const *zSql8;
-  int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  rc = sqlite3_initialize();
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-#endif
-  pVal = sqlite3ValueNew(0);
-  sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zSql, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, SQLITE_STATIC);
-  zSql8 = sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF8);
-  if( zSql8 ){
-    rc = sqlite3_complete(zSql8);
-  }else{
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
-  return sqlite3ApiExit(0, rc);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE */
-
-/************** End of complete.c ********************************************/
-/************** Begin file main.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** Main file for the SQLite library.  The routines in this file
-** implement the programmer interface to the library.  Routines in
-** other files are for internal use by SQLite and should not be
-** accessed by users of the library.
-*/
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
-/************** Include fts3.h in the middle of main.c ***********************/
-/************** Begin file fts3.h ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2006 Oct 10
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This header file is used by programs that want to link against the
-** FTS3 library.  All it does is declare the sqlite3Fts3Init() interface.
-*/
-
-#if 0
-extern "C" {
-#endif  /* __cplusplus */
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Init(sqlite3 *db);
-
-#if 0
-}  /* extern "C" */
-#endif  /* __cplusplus */
-
-/************** End of fts3.h ************************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in main.c ***********************/
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
-/************** Include rtree.h in the middle of main.c **********************/
-/************** Begin file rtree.h *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 May 26
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This header file is used by programs that want to link against the
-** RTREE library.  All it does is declare the sqlite3RtreeInit() interface.
-*/
-
-#if 0
-extern "C" {
-#endif  /* __cplusplus */
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RtreeInit(sqlite3 *db);
-
-#if 0
-}  /* extern "C" */
-#endif  /* __cplusplus */
-
-/************** End of rtree.h ***********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in main.c ***********************/
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
-/************** Include sqliteicu.h in the middle of main.c ******************/
-/************** Begin file sqliteicu.h ***************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 May 26
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This header file is used by programs that want to link against the
-** ICU extension.  All it does is declare the sqlite3IcuInit() interface.
-*/
-
-#if 0
-extern "C" {
-#endif  /* __cplusplus */
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IcuInit(sqlite3 *db);
-
-#if 0
-}  /* extern "C" */
-#endif  /* __cplusplus */
-
-
-/************** End of sqliteicu.h *******************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in main.c ***********************/
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The version of the library
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
-SQLITE_API const char sqlite3_version[] = SQLITE_VERSION;
-#endif
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void){ return sqlite3_version; }
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void){ return SQLITE_SOURCE_ID; }
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void){ return SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER; }
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void){ return SQLITE_THREADSAFE; }
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE)
-/*
-** If the following function pointer is not NULL and if
-** SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE is enabled, then messages describing
-** I/O active are written using this function.  These messages
-** are intended for debugging activity only.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void (*sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*, ...) = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** If the following global variable points to a string which is the
-** name of a directory, then that directory will be used to store
-** temporary files.
-**
-** See also the "PRAGMA temp_store_directory" SQL command.
-*/
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_temp_directory = 0;
-
-/*
-** Initialize SQLite.  
-**
-** This routine must be called to initialize the memory allocation,
-** VFS, and mutex subsystems prior to doing any serious work with
-** SQLite.  But as long as you do not compile with SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-** this routine will be called automatically by key routines such as
-** sqlite3_open().  
-**
-** This routine is a no-op except on its very first call for the process,
-** or for the first call after a call to sqlite3_shutdown.
-**
-** The first thread to call this routine runs the initialization to
-** completion.  If subsequent threads call this routine before the first
-** thread has finished the initialization process, then the subsequent
-** threads must block until the first thread finishes with the initialization.
-**
-** The first thread might call this routine recursively.  Recursive
-** calls to this routine should not block, of course.  Otherwise the
-** initialization process would never complete.
-**
-** Let X be the first thread to enter this routine.  Let Y be some other
-** thread.  Then while the initial invocation of this routine by X is
-** incomplete, it is required that:
-**
-**    *  Calls to this routine from Y must block until the outer-most
-**       call by X completes.
-**
-**    *  Recursive calls to this routine from thread X return immediately
-**       without blocking.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void){
-  sqlite3_mutex *pMaster;                      /* The main static mutex */
-  int rc;                                      /* Result code */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
-  rc = sqlite3_wsd_init(4096, 24);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* If SQLite is already completely initialized, then this call
-  ** to sqlite3_initialize() should be a no-op.  But the initialization
-  ** must be complete.  So isInit must not be set until the very end
-  ** of this routine.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit ) return SQLITE_OK;
-
-  /* Make sure the mutex subsystem is initialized.  If unable to 
-  ** initialize the mutex subsystem, return early with the error.
-  ** If the system is so sick that we are unable to allocate a mutex,
-  ** there is not much SQLite is going to be able to do.
-  **
-  ** The mutex subsystem must take care of serializing its own
-  ** initialization.
-  */
-  rc = sqlite3MutexInit();
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-
-  /* Initialize the malloc() system and the recursive pInitMutex mutex.
-  ** This operation is protected by the STATIC_MASTER mutex.  Note that
-  ** MutexAlloc() is called for a static mutex prior to initializing the
-  ** malloc subsystem - this implies that the allocation of a static
-  ** mutex must not require support from the malloc subsystem.
-  */
-  pMaster = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMaster);
-  sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMutexInit = 1;
-  if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit ){
-    rc = sqlite3MallocInit();
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit = 1;
-    if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex ){
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex =
-           sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
-      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex && !sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex++;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMaster);
-
-  /* If rc is not SQLITE_OK at this point, then either the malloc
-  ** subsystem could not be initialized or the system failed to allocate
-  ** the pInitMutex mutex. Return an error in either case.  */
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* Do the rest of the initialization under the recursive mutex so
-  ** that we will be able to handle recursive calls into
-  ** sqlite3_initialize().  The recursive calls normally come through
-  ** sqlite3_os_init() when it invokes sqlite3_vfs_register(), but other
-  ** recursive calls might also be possible.
-  */
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex);
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit==0 && sqlite3GlobalConfig.inProgress==0 ){
-    FuncDefHash *pHash = &GLOBAL(FuncDefHash, sqlite3GlobalFunctions);
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.inProgress = 1;
-    memset(pHash, 0, sizeof(sqlite3GlobalFunctions));
-    sqlite3RegisterGlobalFunctions();
-    if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit==0 ){
-      rc = sqlite3PcacheInitialize();
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit = 1;
-      rc = sqlite3OsInit();
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3PCacheBufferSetup( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage, 
-          sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage, sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit = 1;
-    }
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.inProgress = 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex);
-
-  /* Go back under the static mutex and clean up the recursive
-  ** mutex to prevent a resource leak.
-  */
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMaster);
-  sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex--;
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex<=0 ){
-    assert( sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex==0 );
-    sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex);
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex = 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMaster);
-
-  /* The following is just a sanity check to make sure SQLite has
-  ** been compiled correctly.  It is important to run this code, but
-  ** we don't want to run it too often and soak up CPU cycles for no
-  ** reason.  So we run it once during initialization.
-  */
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  /* This section of code's only "output" is via assert() statements. */
-  if ( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    u64 x = (((u64)1)<<63)-1;
-    double y;
-    assert(sizeof(x)==8);
-    assert(sizeof(x)==sizeof(y));
-    memcpy(&y, &x, 8);
-    assert( sqlite3IsNaN(y) );
-  }
-#endif
-#endif
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Undo the effects of sqlite3_initialize().  Must not be called while
-** there are outstanding database connections or memory allocations or
-** while any part of SQLite is otherwise in use in any thread.  This
-** routine is not threadsafe.  But it is safe to invoke this routine
-** on when SQLite is already shut down.  If SQLite is already shut down
-** when this routine is invoked, then this routine is a harmless no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void){
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit ){
-    sqlite3_os_end();
-    sqlite3_reset_auto_extension();
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit = 0;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit ){
-    sqlite3PcacheShutdown();
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit = 0;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit ){
-    sqlite3MallocEnd();
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit = 0;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMutexInit ){
-    sqlite3MutexEnd();
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMutexInit = 0;
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** This API allows applications to modify the global configuration of
-** the SQLite library at run-time.
-**
-** This routine should only be called when there are no outstanding
-** database connections or memory allocations.  This routine is not
-** threadsafe.  Failure to heed these warnings can lead to unpredictable
-** behavior.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int op, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  /* sqlite3_config() shall return SQLITE_MISUSE if it is invoked while
-  ** the SQLite library is in use. */
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-
-  va_start(ap, op);
-  switch( op ){
-
-    /* Mutex configuration options are only available in a threadsafe
-    ** compile. 
-    */
-#if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD: {
-      /* Disable all mutexing */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex = 0;
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex = 0;
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD: {
-      /* Disable mutexing of database connections */
-      /* Enable mutexing of core data structures */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex = 1;
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex = 0;
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED: {
-      /* Enable all mutexing */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex = 1;
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex = 1;
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX: {
-      /* Specify an alternative mutex implementation */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex = *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mutex_methods*);
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX: {
-      /* Retrieve the current mutex implementation */
-      *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mutex_methods*) = sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex;
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-
-
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC: {
-      /* Specify an alternative malloc implementation */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.m = *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mem_methods*);
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC: {
-      /* Retrieve the current malloc() implementation */
-      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc==0 ) sqlite3MemSetDefault();
-      *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mem_methods*) = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m;
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS: {
-      /* Enable or disable the malloc status collection */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat = va_arg(ap, int);
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH: {
-      /* Designate a buffer for scratch memory space */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch = va_arg(ap, void*);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch = va_arg(ap, int);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch = va_arg(ap, int);
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: {
-      /* Designate a buffer for page cache memory space */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage = va_arg(ap, void*);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage = va_arg(ap, int);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage = va_arg(ap, int);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE: {
-      /* Specify an alternative page cache implementation */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache = *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_pcache_methods*);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE: {
-      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xInit==0 ){
-        sqlite3PCacheSetDefault();
-      }
-      *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_pcache_methods*) = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache;
-      break;
-    }
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5)
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP: {
-      /* Designate a buffer for heap memory space */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap = va_arg(ap, void*);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nHeap = va_arg(ap, int);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.mnReq = va_arg(ap, int);
-
-      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap==0 ){
-        /* If the heap pointer is NULL, then restore the malloc implementation
-        ** back to NULL pointers too.  This will cause the malloc to go
-        ** back to its default implementation when sqlite3_initialize() is
-        ** run.
-        */
-        memset(&sqlite3GlobalConfig.m, 0, sizeof(sqlite3GlobalConfig.m));
-      }else{
-        /* The heap pointer is not NULL, then install one of the
-        ** mem5.c/mem3.c methods. If neither ENABLE_MEMSYS3 nor
-        ** ENABLE_MEMSYS5 is defined, return an error.
-        */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
-        sqlite3GlobalConfig.m = *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3();
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
-        sqlite3GlobalConfig.m = *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5();
-#endif
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE: {
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.szLookaside = va_arg(ap, int);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nLookaside = va_arg(ap, int);
-      break;
-    }
-    
-    /* Record a pointer to the logger funcction and its first argument.
-    ** The default is NULL.  Logging is disabled if the function pointer is
-    ** NULL.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG: {
-      /* MSVC is picky about pulling func ptrs from va lists.
-      ** http://support.microsoft.com/kb/47961
-      ** sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog = va_arg(ap, void(*)(void*,int,const char*));
-      */
-      typedef void(*LOGFUNC_t)(void*,int,const char*);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog = va_arg(ap, LOGFUNC_t);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pLogArg = va_arg(ap, void*);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    default: {
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  va_end(ap);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set up the lookaside buffers for a database connection.
-** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  
-** If lookaside is already active, return SQLITE_BUSY.
-**
-** The sz parameter is the number of bytes in each lookaside slot.
-** The cnt parameter is the number of slots.  If pStart is NULL the
-** space for the lookaside memory is obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
-** If pStart is not NULL then it is sz*cnt bytes of memory to use for
-** the lookaside memory.
-*/
-static int setupLookaside(sqlite3 *db, void *pBuf, int sz, int cnt){
-  void *pStart;
-  if( db->lookaside.nOut ){
-    return SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }
-  /* Free any existing lookaside buffer for this handle before
-  ** allocating a new one so we don't have to have space for 
-  ** both at the same time.
-  */
-  if( db->lookaside.bMalloced ){
-    sqlite3_free(db->lookaside.pStart);
-  }
-  /* The size of a lookaside slot needs to be larger than a pointer
-  ** to be useful.
-  */
-  if( sz<=(int)sizeof(LookasideSlot*) ) sz = 0;
-  if( cnt<0 ) cnt = 0;
-  if( sz==0 || cnt==0 ){
-    sz = 0;
-    pStart = 0;
-  }else if( pBuf==0 ){
-    sz = ROUND8(sz);
-    sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-    pStart = sqlite3Malloc( sz*cnt );
-    sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-  }else{
-    sz = ROUNDDOWN8(sz);
-    pStart = pBuf;
-  }
-  db->lookaside.pStart = pStart;
-  db->lookaside.pFree = 0;
-  db->lookaside.sz = (u16)sz;
-  if( pStart ){
-    int i;
-    LookasideSlot *p;
-    assert( sz > (int)sizeof(LookasideSlot*) );
-    p = (LookasideSlot*)pStart;
-    for(i=cnt-1; i>=0; i--){
-      p->pNext = db->lookaside.pFree;
-      db->lookaside.pFree = p;
-      p = (LookasideSlot*)&((u8*)p)[sz];
-    }
-    db->lookaside.pEnd = p;
-    db->lookaside.bEnabled = 1;
-    db->lookaside.bMalloced = pBuf==0 ?1:0;
-  }else{
-    db->lookaside.pEnd = 0;
-    db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
-    db->lookaside.bMalloced = 0;
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the mutex associated with a database connection.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3 *db){
-  return db->mutex;
-}
-
-/*
-** Configuration settings for an individual database connection
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3 *db, int op, ...){
-  va_list ap;
-  int rc;
-  va_start(ap, op);
-  switch( op ){
-    case SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE: {
-      void *pBuf = va_arg(ap, void*);
-      int sz = va_arg(ap, int);
-      int cnt = va_arg(ap, int);
-      rc = setupLookaside(db, pBuf, sz, cnt);
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  va_end(ap);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Return true if the buffer z[0..n-1] contains all spaces.
-*/
-static int allSpaces(const char *z, int n){
-  while( n>0 && z[n-1]==' ' ){ n--; }
-  return n==0;
-}
-
-/*
-** This is the default collating function named "BINARY" which is always
-** available.
-**
-** If the padFlag argument is not NULL then space padding at the end
-** of strings is ignored.  This implements the RTRIM collation.
-*/
-static int binCollFunc(
-  void *padFlag,
-  int nKey1, const void *pKey1,
-  int nKey2, const void *pKey2
-){
-  int rc, n;
-  n = nKey1<nKey2 ? nKey1 : nKey2;
-  rc = memcmp(pKey1, pKey2, n);
-  if( rc==0 ){
-    if( padFlag
-     && allSpaces(((char*)pKey1)+n, nKey1-n)
-     && allSpaces(((char*)pKey2)+n, nKey2-n)
-    ){
-      /* Leave rc unchanged at 0 */
-    }else{
-      rc = nKey1 - nKey2;
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Another built-in collating sequence: NOCASE. 
-**
-** This collating sequence is intended to be used for "case independant
-** comparison". SQLite's knowledge of upper and lower case equivalents
-** extends only to the 26 characters used in the English language.
-**
-** At the moment there is only a UTF-8 implementation.
-*/
-static int nocaseCollatingFunc(
-  void *NotUsed,
-  int nKey1, const void *pKey1,
-  int nKey2, const void *pKey2
-){
-  int r = sqlite3StrNICmp(
-      (const char *)pKey1, (const char *)pKey2, (nKey1<nKey2)?nKey1:nKey2);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  if( 0==r ){
-    r = nKey1-nKey2;
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the ROWID of the most recent insert
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3 *db){
-  return db->lastRowid;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of changes in the most recent call to sqlite3_exec().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3 *db){
-  return db->nChange;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of changes since the database handle was opened.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3 *db){
-  return db->nTotalChange;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close all open savepoints. This function only manipulates fields of the
-** database handle object, it does not close any savepoints that may be open
-** at the b-tree/pager level.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *db){
-  while( db->pSavepoint ){
-    Savepoint *pTmp = db->pSavepoint;
-    db->pSavepoint = pTmp->pNext;
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pTmp);
-  }
-  db->nSavepoint = 0;
-  db->nStatement = 0;
-  db->isTransactionSavepoint = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close an existing SQLite database
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *db){
-  HashElem *i;
-  int j;
-
-  if( !db ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-
-  sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-
-  /* If a transaction is open, the ResetInternalSchema() call above
-  ** will not have called the xDisconnect() method on any virtual
-  ** tables in the db->aVTrans[] array. The following sqlite3VtabRollback()
-  ** call will do so. We need to do this before the check for active
-  ** SQL statements below, as the v-table implementation may be storing
-  ** some prepared statements internally.
-  */
-  sqlite3VtabRollback(db);
-
-  /* If there are any outstanding VMs, return SQLITE_BUSY. */
-  if( db->pVdbe ){
-    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
-        "unable to close due to unfinalised statements");
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-    return SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }
-  assert( sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) );
-
-  for(j=0; j<db->nDb; j++){
-    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[j].pBt;
-    if( pBt && sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(pBt) ){
-      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
-          "unable to close due to unfinished backup operation");
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-      return SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Free any outstanding Savepoint structures. */
-  sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);
-
-  for(j=0; j<db->nDb; j++){
-    struct Db *pDb = &db->aDb[j];
-    if( pDb->pBt ){
-      sqlite3BtreeClose(pDb->pBt);
-      pDb->pBt = 0;
-      if( j!=1 ){
-        pDb->pSchema = 0;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-
-  /* Tell the code in notify.c that the connection no longer holds any
-  ** locks and does not require any further unlock-notify callbacks.
-  */
-  sqlite3ConnectionClosed(db);
-
-  assert( db->nDb<=2 );
-  assert( db->aDb==db->aDbStatic );
-  for(j=0; j<ArraySize(db->aFunc.a); j++){
-    FuncDef *pNext, *pHash, *p;
-    for(p=db->aFunc.a[j]; p; p=pHash){
-      pHash = p->pHash;
-      while( p ){
-        pNext = p->pNext;
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-        p = pNext;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aCollSeq); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
-    CollSeq *pColl = (CollSeq *)sqliteHashData(i);
-    /* Invoke any destructors registered for collation sequence user data. */
-    for(j=0; j<3; j++){
-      if( pColl[j].xDel ){
-        pColl[j].xDel(pColl[j].pUser);
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pColl);
-  }
-  sqlite3HashClear(&db->aCollSeq);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aModule); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
-    Module *pMod = (Module *)sqliteHashData(i);
-    if( pMod->xDestroy ){
-      pMod->xDestroy(pMod->pAux);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pMod);
-  }
-  sqlite3HashClear(&db->aModule);
-#endif
-
-  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK, 0); /* Deallocates any cached error strings. */
-  if( db->pErr ){
-    sqlite3ValueFree(db->pErr);
-  }
-  sqlite3CloseExtensions(db);
-
-  db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR;
-
-  /* The temp-database schema is allocated differently from the other schema
-  ** objects (using sqliteMalloc() directly, instead of sqlite3BtreeSchema()).
-  ** So it needs to be freed here. Todo: Why not roll the temp schema into
-  ** the same sqliteMalloc() as the one that allocates the database 
-  ** structure?
-  */
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, db->aDb[1].pSchema);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED;
-  sqlite3_mutex_free(db->mutex);
-  assert( db->lookaside.nOut==0 );  /* Fails on a lookaside memory leak */
-  if( db->lookaside.bMalloced ){
-    sqlite3_free(db->lookaside.pStart);
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(db);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Rollback all database files.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3 *db){
-  int i;
-  int inTrans = 0;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-    if( db->aDb[i].pBt ){
-      if( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(db->aDb[i].pBt) ){
-        inTrans = 1;
-      }
-      sqlite3BtreeRollback(db->aDb[i].pBt);
-      db->aDb[i].inTrans = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3VtabRollback(db);
-  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-
-  if( db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges ){
-    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-    sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
-  }
-
-  /* Any deferred constraint violations have now been resolved. */
-  db->nDeferredCons = 0;
-
-  /* If one has been configured, invoke the rollback-hook callback */
-  if( db->xRollbackCallback && (inTrans || !db->autoCommit) ){
-    db->xRollbackCallback(db->pRollbackArg);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a static string that describes the kind of error specified in the
-** argument.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int rc){
-  static const char* const aMsg[] = {
-    /* SQLITE_OK          */ "not an error",
-    /* SQLITE_ERROR       */ "SQL logic error or missing database",
-    /* SQLITE_INTERNAL    */ 0,
-    /* SQLITE_PERM        */ "access permission denied",
-    /* SQLITE_ABORT       */ "callback requested query abort",
-    /* SQLITE_BUSY        */ "database is locked",
-    /* SQLITE_LOCKED      */ "database table is locked",
-    /* SQLITE_NOMEM       */ "out of memory",
-    /* SQLITE_READONLY    */ "attempt to write a readonly database",
-    /* SQLITE_INTERRUPT   */ "interrupted",
-    /* SQLITE_IOERR       */ "disk I/O error",
-    /* SQLITE_CORRUPT     */ "database disk image is malformed",
-    /* SQLITE_NOTFOUND    */ 0,
-    /* SQLITE_FULL        */ "database or disk is full",
-    /* SQLITE_CANTOPEN    */ "unable to open database file",
-    /* SQLITE_PROTOCOL    */ 0,
-    /* SQLITE_EMPTY       */ "table contains no data",
-    /* SQLITE_SCHEMA      */ "database schema has changed",
-    /* SQLITE_TOOBIG      */ "string or blob too big",
-    /* SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  */ "constraint failed",
-    /* SQLITE_MISMATCH    */ "datatype mismatch",
-    /* SQLITE_MISUSE      */ "library routine called out of sequence",
-    /* SQLITE_NOLFS       */ "large file support is disabled",
-    /* SQLITE_AUTH        */ "authorization denied",
-    /* SQLITE_FORMAT      */ "auxiliary database format error",
-    /* SQLITE_RANGE       */ "bind or column index out of range",
-    /* SQLITE_NOTADB      */ "file is encrypted or is not a database",
-  };
-  rc &= 0xff;
-  if( ALWAYS(rc>=0) && rc<(int)(sizeof(aMsg)/sizeof(aMsg[0])) && aMsg[rc]!=0 ){
-    return aMsg[rc];
-  }else{
-    return "unknown error";
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine implements a busy callback that sleeps and tries
-** again until a timeout value is reached.  The timeout value is
-** an integer number of milliseconds passed in as the first
-** argument.
-*/
-static int sqliteDefaultBusyCallback(
- void *ptr,               /* Database connection */
- int count                /* Number of times table has been busy */
-){
-#if SQLITE_OS_WIN || (defined(HAVE_USLEEP) && HAVE_USLEEP)
-  static const u8 delays[] =
-     { 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 25,  25,  50,  50, 100 };
-  static const u8 totals[] =
-     { 0, 1, 3,  8, 18, 33, 53, 78, 103, 128, 178, 228 };
-# define NDELAY (sizeof(delays)/sizeof(delays[0]))
-  sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3 *)ptr;
-  int timeout = db->busyTimeout;
-  int delay, prior;
-
-  assert( count>=0 );
-  if( count < NDELAY ){
-    delay = delays[count];
-    prior = totals[count];
-  }else{
-    delay = delays[NDELAY-1];
-    prior = totals[NDELAY-1] + delay*(count-(NDELAY-1));
-  }
-  if( prior + delay > timeout ){
-    delay = timeout - prior;
-    if( delay<=0 ) return 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3OsSleep(db->pVfs, delay*1000);
-  return 1;
-#else
-  sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3 *)ptr;
-  int timeout = ((sqlite3 *)ptr)->busyTimeout;
-  if( (count+1)*1000 > timeout ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3OsSleep(db->pVfs, 1000000);
-  return 1;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** Invoke the given busy handler.
-**
-** This routine is called when an operation failed with a lock.
-** If this routine returns non-zero, the lock is retried.  If it
-** returns 0, the operation aborts with an SQLITE_BUSY error.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler *p){
-  int rc;
-  if( NEVER(p==0) || p->xFunc==0 || p->nBusy<0 ) return 0;
-  rc = p->xFunc(p->pArg, p->nBusy);
-  if( rc==0 ){
-    p->nBusy = -1;
-  }else{
-    p->nBusy++;
-  }
-  return rc; 
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine sets the busy callback for an Sqlite database to the
-** given callback function with the given argument.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  int (*xBusy)(void*,int),
-  void *pArg
-){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  db->busyHandler.xFunc = xBusy;
-  db->busyHandler.pArg = pArg;
-  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-/*
-** This routine sets the progress callback for an Sqlite database to the
-** given callback function with the given argument. The progress callback will
-** be invoked every nOps opcodes.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  int nOps,
-  int (*xProgress)(void*), 
-  void *pArg
-){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  if( nOps>0 ){
-    db->xProgress = xProgress;
-    db->nProgressOps = nOps;
-    db->pProgressArg = pArg;
-  }else{
-    db->xProgress = 0;
-    db->nProgressOps = 0;
-    db->pProgressArg = 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** This routine installs a default busy handler that waits for the
-** specified number of milliseconds before returning 0.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3 *db, int ms){
-  if( ms>0 ){
-    db->busyTimeout = ms;
-    sqlite3_busy_handler(db, sqliteDefaultBusyCallback, (void*)db);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_busy_handler(db, 0, 0);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Cause any pending operation to stop at its earliest opportunity.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3 *db){
-  db->u1.isInterrupted = 1;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This function is exactly the same as sqlite3_create_function(), except
-** that it is designed to be called by internal code. The difference is
-** that if a malloc() fails in sqlite3_create_function(), an error code
-** is returned and the mallocFailed flag cleared. 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CreateFunc(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const char *zFunctionName,
-  int nArg,
-  int enc,
-  void *pUserData,
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
-){
-  FuncDef *p;
-  int nName;
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  if( zFunctionName==0 ||
-      (xFunc && (xFinal || xStep)) || 
-      (!xFunc && (xFinal && !xStep)) ||
-      (!xFunc && (!xFinal && xStep)) ||
-      (nArg<-1 || nArg>SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG) ||
-      (255<(nName = sqlite3Strlen30( zFunctionName))) ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  /* If SQLITE_UTF16 is specified as the encoding type, transform this
-  ** to one of SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE using the
-  ** SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE macro. SQLITE_UTF16 is not used internally.
-  **
-  ** If SQLITE_ANY is specified, add three versions of the function
-  ** to the hash table.
-  */
-  if( enc==SQLITE_UTF16 ){
-    enc = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
-  }else if( enc==SQLITE_ANY ){
-    int rc;
-    rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunctionName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8,
-         pUserData, xFunc, xStep, xFinal);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunctionName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF16LE,
-          pUserData, xFunc, xStep, xFinal);
-    }
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    enc = SQLITE_UTF16BE;
-  }
-#else
-  enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-#endif
-  
-  /* Check if an existing function is being overridden or deleted. If so,
-  ** and there are active VMs, then return SQLITE_BUSY. If a function
-  ** is being overridden/deleted but there are no active VMs, allow the
-  ** operation to continue but invalidate all precompiled statements.
-  */
-  p = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zFunctionName, nName, nArg, (u8)enc, 0);
-  if( p && p->iPrefEnc==enc && p->nArg==nArg ){
-    if( db->activeVdbeCnt ){
-      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
-        "unable to delete/modify user-function due to active statements");
-      assert( !db->mallocFailed );
-      return SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-    }
-  }
-
-  p = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zFunctionName, nName, nArg, (u8)enc, 1);
-  assert(p || db->mallocFailed);
-  if( !p ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  p->flags = 0;
-  p->xFunc = xFunc;
-  p->xStep = xStep;
-  p->xFinalize = xFinal;
-  p->pUserData = pUserData;
-  p->nArg = (u16)nArg;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create new user functions.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const char *zFunctionName,
-  int nArg,
-  int enc,
-  void *p,
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
-){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunctionName, nArg, enc, p, xFunc, xStep, xFinal);
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const void *zFunctionName,
-  int nArg,
-  int eTextRep,
-  void *p,
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
-){
-  int rc;
-  char *zFunc8;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
-  zFunc8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zFunctionName, -1, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
-  rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunc8, nArg, eTextRep, p, xFunc, xStep, xFinal);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zFunc8);
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Declare that a function has been overloaded by a virtual table.
-**
-** If the function already exists as a regular global function, then
-** this routine is a no-op.  If the function does not exist, then create
-** a new one that always throws a run-time error.  
-**
-** When virtual tables intend to provide an overloaded function, they
-** should call this routine to make sure the global function exists.
-** A global function must exist in order for name resolution to work
-** properly.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const char *zName,
-  int nArg
-){
-  int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  if( sqlite3FindFunction(db, zName, nName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, 0)==0 ){
-    sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8,
-                      0, sqlite3InvalidFunction, 0, 0);
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, SQLITE_OK);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-/*
-** Register a trace function.  The pArg from the previously registered trace
-** is returned.  
-**
-** A NULL trace function means that no tracing is executes.  A non-NULL
-** trace is a pointer to a function that is invoked at the start of each
-** SQL statement.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3 *db, void (*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void *pArg){
-  void *pOld;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  pOld = db->pTraceArg;
-  db->xTrace = xTrace;
-  db->pTraceArg = pArg;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return pOld;
-}
-/*
-** Register a profile function.  The pArg from the previously registered 
-** profile function is returned.  
-**
-** A NULL profile function means that no profiling is executes.  A non-NULL
-** profile is a pointer to a function that is invoked at the conclusion of
-** each SQL statement that is run.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_profile(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite_uint64),
-  void *pArg
-){
-  void *pOld;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  pOld = db->pProfileArg;
-  db->xProfile = xProfile;
-  db->pProfileArg = pArg;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return pOld;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE */
-
-/*** EXPERIMENTAL ***
-**
-** Register a function to be invoked when a transaction comments.
-** If the invoked function returns non-zero, then the commit becomes a
-** rollback.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Attach the hook to this database */
-  int (*xCallback)(void*),  /* Function to invoke on each commit */
-  void *pArg                /* Argument to the function */
-){
-  void *pOld;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  pOld = db->pCommitArg;
-  db->xCommitCallback = xCallback;
-  db->pCommitArg = pArg;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return pOld;
-}
-
-/*
-** Register a callback to be invoked each time a row is updated,
-** inserted or deleted using this database connection.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Attach the hook to this database */
-  void (*xCallback)(void*,int,char const *,char const *,sqlite_int64),
-  void *pArg                /* Argument to the function */
-){
-  void *pRet;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  pRet = db->pUpdateArg;
-  db->xUpdateCallback = xCallback;
-  db->pUpdateArg = pArg;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return pRet;
-}
-
-/*
-** Register a callback to be invoked each time a transaction is rolled
-** back by this database connection.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Attach the hook to this database */
-  void (*xCallback)(void*), /* Callback function */
-  void *pArg                /* Argument to the function */
-){
-  void *pRet;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  pRet = db->pRollbackArg;
-  db->xRollbackCallback = xCallback;
-  db->pRollbackArg = pArg;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return pRet;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function returns true if main-memory should be used instead of
-** a temporary file for transient pager files and statement journals.
-** The value returned depends on the value of db->temp_store (runtime
-** parameter) and the compile time value of SQLITE_TEMP_STORE. The
-** following table describes the relationship between these two values
-** and this functions return value.
-**
-**   SQLITE_TEMP_STORE     db->temp_store     Location of temporary database
-**   -----------------     --------------     ------------------------------
-**   0                     any                file      (return 0)
-**   1                     1                  file      (return 0)
-**   1                     2                  memory    (return 1)
-**   1                     0                  file      (return 0)
-**   2                     1                  file      (return 0)
-**   2                     2                  memory    (return 1)
-**   2                     0                  memory    (return 1)
-**   3                     any                memory    (return 1)
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3 *db){
-#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==1
-  return ( db->temp_store==2 );
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==2
-  return ( db->temp_store!=1 );
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3
-  return 1;
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE<1 || SQLITE_TEMP_STORE>3
-  return 0;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine is called to create a connection to a database BTree
-** driver.  If zFilename is the name of a file, then that file is
-** opened and used.  If zFilename is the magic name ":memory:" then
-** the database is stored in memory (and is thus forgotten as soon as
-** the connection is closed.)  If zFilename is NULL then the database
-** is a "virtual" database for transient use only and is deleted as
-** soon as the connection is closed.
-**
-** A virtual database can be either a disk file (that is automatically
-** deleted when the file is closed) or it an be held entirely in memory.
-** The sqlite3TempInMemory() function is used to determine which.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFactory(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Main database when opening aux otherwise 0 */
-  const char *zFilename,    /* Name of the file containing the BTree database */
-  int omitJournal,          /* if TRUE then do not journal this file */
-  int nCache,               /* How many pages in the page cache */
-  int vfsFlags,             /* Flags passed through to vfsOpen */
-  Btree **ppBtree           /* Pointer to new Btree object written here */
-){
-  int btFlags = 0;
-  int rc;
-  
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  assert( ppBtree != 0);
-  if( omitJournal ){
-    btFlags |= BTREE_OMIT_JOURNAL;
-  }
-  if( db->flags & SQLITE_NoReadlock ){
-    btFlags |= BTREE_NO_READLOCK;
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
-  if( zFilename==0 && sqlite3TempInMemory(db) ){
-    zFilename = ":memory:";
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if( (vfsFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)!=0 && (zFilename==0 || *zFilename==0) ){
-    vfsFlags = (vfsFlags & ~SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB) | SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB;
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(zFilename, (sqlite3 *)db, ppBtree, btFlags, vfsFlags);
-
-  /* If the B-Tree was successfully opened, set the pager-cache size to the
-  ** default value. Except, if the call to BtreeOpen() returned a handle
-  ** open on an existing shared pager-cache, do not change the pager-cache 
-  ** size.
-  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && 0==sqlite3BtreeSchema(*ppBtree, 0, 0) ){
-    sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(*ppBtree, nCache);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return UTF-8 encoded English language explanation of the most recent
-** error.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3 *db){
-  const char *z;
-  if( !db ){
-    return sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_NOMEM);
-  }
-  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
-    return sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT);
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    z = sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_NOMEM);
-  }else{
-    z = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr);
-    assert( !db->mallocFailed );
-    if( z==0 ){
-      z = sqlite3ErrStr(db->errCode);
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return z;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-/*
-** Return UTF-16 encoded English language explanation of the most recent
-** error.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3 *db){
-  static const u16 outOfMem[] = {
-    'o', 'u', 't', ' ', 'o', 'f', ' ', 'm', 'e', 'm', 'o', 'r', 'y', 0
-  };
-  static const u16 misuse[] = {
-    'l', 'i', 'b', 'r', 'a', 'r', 'y', ' ', 
-    'r', 'o', 'u', 't', 'i', 'n', 'e', ' ', 
-    'c', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'e', 'd', ' ', 
-    'o', 'u', 't', ' ', 
-    'o', 'f', ' ', 
-    's', 'e', 'q', 'u', 'e', 'n', 'c', 'e', 0
-  };
-
-  const void *z;
-  if( !db ){
-    return (void *)outOfMem;
-  }
-  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
-    return (void *)misuse;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    z = (void *)outOfMem;
-  }else{
-    z = sqlite3_value_text16(db->pErr);
-    if( z==0 ){
-      sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr, -1, sqlite3ErrStr(db->errCode),
-           SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
-      z = sqlite3_value_text16(db->pErr);
-    }
-    /* A malloc() may have failed within the call to sqlite3_value_text16()
-    ** above. If this is the case, then the db->mallocFailed flag needs to
-    ** be cleared before returning. Do this directly, instead of via
-    ** sqlite3ApiExit(), to avoid setting the database handle error message.
-    */
-    db->mallocFailed = 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return z;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-
-/*
-** Return the most recent error code generated by an SQLite routine. If NULL is
-** passed to this function, we assume a malloc() failed during sqlite3_open().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db){
-  if( db && !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  if( !db || db->mallocFailed ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  return db->errCode & db->errMask;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db){
-  if( db && !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-  if( !db || db->mallocFailed ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  return db->errCode;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a new collating function for database "db".  The name is zName
-** and the encoding is enc.
-*/
-static int createCollation(
-  sqlite3* db,
-  const char *zName, 
-  u8 enc,
-  u8 collType,
-  void* pCtx,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
-  void(*xDel)(void*)
-){
-  CollSeq *pColl;
-  int enc2;
-  int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-  
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-
-  /* If SQLITE_UTF16 is specified as the encoding type, transform this
-  ** to one of SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE using the
-  ** SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE macro. SQLITE_UTF16 is not used internally.
-  */
-  enc2 = enc;
-  testcase( enc2==SQLITE_UTF16 );
-  testcase( enc2==SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED );
-  if( enc2==SQLITE_UTF16 || enc2==SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED ){
-    enc2 = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
-  }
-  if( enc2<SQLITE_UTF8 || enc2>SQLITE_UTF16BE ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }
-
-  /* Check if this call is removing or replacing an existing collation 
-  ** sequence. If so, and there are active VMs, return busy. If there
-  ** are no active VMs, invalidate any pre-compiled statements.
-  */
-  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, 0);
-  if( pColl && pColl->xCmp ){
-    if( db->activeVdbeCnt ){
-      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
-        "unable to delete/modify collation sequence due to active statements");
-      return SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }
-    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-
-    /* If collation sequence pColl was created directly by a call to
-    ** sqlite3_create_collation, and not generated by synthCollSeq(),
-    ** then any copies made by synthCollSeq() need to be invalidated.
-    ** Also, collation destructor - CollSeq.xDel() - function may need
-    ** to be called.
-    */ 
-    if( (pColl->enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED)==enc2 ){
-      CollSeq *aColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName, nName);
-      int j;
-      for(j=0; j<3; j++){
-        CollSeq *p = &aColl[j];
-        if( p->enc==pColl->enc ){
-          if( p->xDel ){
-            p->xDel(p->pUser);
-          }
-          p->xCmp = 0;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, 1);
-  if( pColl ){
-    pColl->xCmp = xCompare;
-    pColl->pUser = pCtx;
-    pColl->xDel = xDel;
-    pColl->enc = (u8)(enc2 | (enc & SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED));
-    pColl->type = collType;
-  }
-  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK, 0);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This array defines hard upper bounds on limit values.  The
-** initializer must be kept in sync with the SQLITE_LIMIT_*
-** #defines in sqlite3.h.
-*/
-static const int aHardLimit[] = {
-  SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH,
-  SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH,
-  SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN,
-  SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH,
-  SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT,
-  SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP,
-  SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG,
-  SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED,
-  SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH,
-  SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER,
-  SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH,
-};
-
-/*
-** Make sure the hard limits are set to reasonable values
-*/
-#if SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH<100
-# error SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH must be at least 100
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH<100
-# error SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH must be at least 100
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH>SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
-# error SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH must not be greater than SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT<2
-# error SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT must be at least 2
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP<40
-# error SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP must be at least 40
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG<0 || SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG>1000
-# error SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG must be between 0 and 1000
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED<0 || SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
-# error SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED must be between 0 and 30
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH<1
-# error SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH must be at least 1
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN>32767
-# error SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN must not exceed 32767
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH<1
-# error SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH must be at least 1
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Change the value of a limit.  Report the old value.
-** If an invalid limit index is supplied, report -1.
-** Make no changes but still report the old value if the
-** new limit is negative.
-**
-** A new lower limit does not shrink existing constructs.
-** It merely prevents new constructs that exceed the limit
-** from forming.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3 *db, int limitId, int newLimit){
-  int oldLimit;
-  if( limitId<0 || limitId>=SQLITE_N_LIMIT ){
-    return -1;
-  }
-  oldLimit = db->aLimit[limitId];
-  if( newLimit>=0 ){
-    if( newLimit>aHardLimit[limitId] ){
-      newLimit = aHardLimit[limitId];
-    }
-    db->aLimit[limitId] = newLimit;
-  }
-  return oldLimit;
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine does the work of opening a database on behalf of
-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16(). The database filename "zFilename"  
-** is UTF-8 encoded.
-*/
-static int openDatabase(
-  const char *zFilename, /* Database filename UTF-8 encoded */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb,        /* OUT: Returned database handle */
-  unsigned flags,        /* Operational flags */
-  const char *zVfs       /* Name of the VFS to use */
-){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  int rc;
-  int isThreadsafe;
-
-  *ppDb = 0;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  rc = sqlite3_initialize();
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-#endif
-
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex==0 ){
-    isThreadsafe = 0;
-  }else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX ){
-    isThreadsafe = 0;
-  }else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX ){
-    isThreadsafe = 1;
-  }else{
-    isThreadsafe = sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex;
-  }
-  if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE ){
-    flags &= ~SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE;
-  }else if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.sharedCacheEnabled ){
-    flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE;
-  }
-
-  /* Remove harmful bits from the flags parameter
-  **
-  ** The SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX and SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX flags were
-  ** dealt with in the previous code block.  Besides these, the only
-  ** valid input flags for sqlite3_open_v2() are SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY,
-  ** SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  Silently mask
-  ** off all other flags.
-  */
-  flags &=  ~( SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
-               SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
-               SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB |
-               SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB | 
-               SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB | 
-               SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL | 
-               SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL | 
-               SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL | 
-               SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL |
-               SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX |
-               SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX
-             );
-
-  /* Allocate the sqlite data structure */
-  db = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(sqlite3) );
-  if( db==0 ) goto opendb_out;
-  if( isThreadsafe ){
-    db->mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
-    if( db->mutex==0 ){
-      sqlite3_free(db);
-      db = 0;
-      goto opendb_out;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  db->errMask = 0xff;
-  db->nDb = 2;
-  db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY;
-  db->aDb = db->aDbStatic;
-
-  assert( sizeof(db->aLimit)==sizeof(aHardLimit) );
-  memcpy(db->aLimit, aHardLimit, sizeof(db->aLimit));
-  db->autoCommit = 1;
-  db->nextAutovac = -1;
-  db->nextPagesize = 0;
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_ShortColNames
-#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT<4
-                 | SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
-                 | SQLITE_LoadExtension
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
-                 | SQLITE_RecTriggers
-#endif
-      ;
-  sqlite3HashInit(&db->aCollSeq);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  sqlite3HashInit(&db->aModule);
-#endif
-
-  db->pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(zVfs);
-  if( !db->pVfs ){
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    sqlite3Error(db, rc, "no such vfs: %s", zVfs);
-    goto opendb_out;
-  }
-
-  /* Add the default collation sequence BINARY. BINARY works for both UTF-8
-  ** and UTF-16, so add a version for each to avoid any unnecessary
-  ** conversions. The only error that can occur here is a malloc() failure.
-  */
-  createCollation(db, "BINARY", SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_COLL_BINARY, 0,
-                  binCollFunc, 0);
-  createCollation(db, "BINARY", SQLITE_UTF16BE, SQLITE_COLL_BINARY, 0,
-                  binCollFunc, 0);
-  createCollation(db, "BINARY", SQLITE_UTF16LE, SQLITE_COLL_BINARY, 0,
-                  binCollFunc, 0);
-  createCollation(db, "RTRIM", SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_COLL_USER, (void*)1,
-                  binCollFunc, 0);
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto opendb_out;
-  }
-  db->pDfltColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, SQLITE_UTF8, "BINARY", 0);
-  assert( db->pDfltColl!=0 );
-
-  /* Also add a UTF-8 case-insensitive collation sequence. */
-  createCollation(db, "NOCASE", SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_COLL_NOCASE, 0,
-                  nocaseCollatingFunc, 0);
-
-  /* Open the backend database driver */
-  db->openFlags = flags;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeFactory(db, zFilename, 0, SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE, 
-                           flags | SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB,
-                           &db->aDb[0].pBt);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    sqlite3Error(db, rc, 0);
-    goto opendb_out;
-  }
-  db->aDb[0].pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, db->aDb[0].pBt);
-  db->aDb[1].pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, 0);
-
-
-  /* The default safety_level for the main database is 'full'; for the temp
-  ** database it is 'NONE'. This matches the pager layer defaults.  
-  */
-  db->aDb[0].zName = "main";
-  db->aDb[0].safety_level = 3;
-  db->aDb[1].zName = "temp";
-  db->aDb[1].safety_level = 1;
-
-  db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN;
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    goto opendb_out;
-  }
-
-  /* Register all built-in functions, but do not attempt to read the
-  ** database schema yet. This is delayed until the first time the database
-  ** is accessed.
-  */
-  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK, 0);
-  sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(db);
-
-  /* Load automatic extensions - extensions that have been registered
-  ** using the sqlite3_automatic_extension() API.
-  */
-  sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(db);
-  rc = sqlite3_errcode(db);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    goto opendb_out;
-  }
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS1
-  if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-    extern int sqlite3Fts1Init(sqlite3*);
-    rc = sqlite3Fts1Init(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS2
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    extern int sqlite3Fts2Init(sqlite3*);
-    rc = sqlite3Fts2Init(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3Init(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3IcuInit(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
-    rc = sqlite3RtreeInit(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  sqlite3Error(db, rc, 0);
-
-  /* -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=1 makes EXCLUSIVE the default locking
-  ** mode.  -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=0 make NORMAL the default locking
-  ** mode.  Doing nothing at all also makes NORMAL the default.
-  */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE
-  db->dfltLockMode = SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE;
-  sqlite3PagerLockingMode(sqlite3BtreePager(db->aDb[0].pBt),
-                          SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE);
-#endif
-
-  /* Enable the lookaside-malloc subsystem */
-  setupLookaside(db, 0, sqlite3GlobalConfig.szLookaside,
-                        sqlite3GlobalConfig.nLookaside);
-
-opendb_out:
-  if( db ){
-    assert( db->mutex!=0 || isThreadsafe==0 || sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex==0 );
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3_errcode(db);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-    sqlite3_close(db);
-    db = 0;
-  }else if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK;
-  }
-  *ppDb = db;
-  return sqlite3ApiExit(0, rc);
-}
-
-/*
-** Open a new database handle.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
-  const char *zFilename, 
-  sqlite3 **ppDb 
-){
-  return openDatabase(zFilename, ppDb,
-                      SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, 0);
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
-  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-  int flags,              /* Flags */
-  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
-){
-  return openDatabase(filename, ppDb, flags, zVfs);
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-/*
-** Open a new database handle.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
-  const void *zFilename, 
-  sqlite3 **ppDb
-){
-  char const *zFilename8;   /* zFilename encoded in UTF-8 instead of UTF-16 */
-  sqlite3_value *pVal;
-  int rc;
-
-  assert( zFilename );
-  assert( ppDb );
-  *ppDb = 0;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  rc = sqlite3_initialize();
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-#endif
-  pVal = sqlite3ValueNew(0);
-  sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zFilename, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, SQLITE_STATIC);
-  zFilename8 = sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF8);
-  if( zFilename8 ){
-    rc = openDatabase(zFilename8, ppDb,
-                      SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, 0);
-    assert( *ppDb || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !DbHasProperty(*ppDb, 0, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
-      ENC(*ppDb) = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
-    }
-  }else{
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
-
-  return sqlite3ApiExit(0, rc);
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-
-/*
-** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
-  sqlite3* db, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int enc, 
-  void* pCtx,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
-){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
-  rc = createCollation(db, zName, (u8)enc, SQLITE_COLL_USER, pCtx, xCompare, 0);
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
-  sqlite3* db, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int enc, 
-  void* pCtx,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
-  void(*xDel)(void*)
-){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
-  rc = createCollation(db, zName, (u8)enc, SQLITE_COLL_USER, pCtx, xCompare, xDel);
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-/*
-** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
-  sqlite3* db, 
-  const void *zName,
-  int enc, 
-  void* pCtx,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  char *zName8;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
-  zName8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zName, -1, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
-  if( zName8 ){
-    rc = createCollation(db, zName8, (u8)enc, SQLITE_COLL_USER, pCtx, xCompare, 0);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zName8);
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-
-/*
-** Register a collation sequence factory callback with the database handle
-** db. Replace any previously installed collation sequence factory.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  void *pCollNeededArg, 
-  void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
-){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  db->xCollNeeded = xCollNeeded;
-  db->xCollNeeded16 = 0;
-  db->pCollNeededArg = pCollNeededArg;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-/*
-** Register a collation sequence factory callback with the database handle
-** db. Replace any previously installed collation sequence factory.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  void *pCollNeededArg, 
-  void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
-){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  db->xCollNeeded = 0;
-  db->xCollNeeded16 = xCollNeeded16;
-  db->pCollNeededArg = pCollNeededArg;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GLOBALRECOVER
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-/*
-** This function is now an anachronism. It used to be used to recover from a
-** malloc() failure, but SQLite now does this automatically.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_global_recover(void){
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Test to see whether or not the database connection is in autocommit
-** mode.  Return TRUE if it is and FALSE if not.  Autocommit mode is on
-** by default.  Autocommit is disabled by a BEGIN statement and reenabled
-** by the next COMMIT or ROLLBACK.
-**
-******* THIS IS AN EXPERIMENTAL API AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE ******
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3 *db){
-  return db->autoCommit;
-}
-
-/*
-** The following routines are subtitutes for constants SQLITE_CORRUPT,
-** SQLITE_MISUSE, SQLITE_CANTOPEN, SQLITE_IOERR and possibly other error
-** constants.  They server two purposes:
-**
-**   1.  Serve as a convenient place to set a breakpoint in a debugger
-**       to detect when version error conditions occurs.
-**
-**   2.  Invoke sqlite3_log() to provide the source code location where
-**       a low-level error is first detected.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CorruptError(int lineno){
-  testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  sqlite3_log(SQLITE_CORRUPT,
-              "database corruption found by source line %d", lineno);
-  return SQLITE_CORRUPT;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MisuseError(int lineno){
-  testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, "misuse detected by source line %d", lineno);
-  return SQLITE_MISUSE;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CantopenError(int lineno){
-  testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  sqlite3_log(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, "cannot open file at source line %d", lineno);
-  return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
-}
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-/*
-** This is a convenience routine that makes sure that all thread-specific
-** data for this thread has been deallocated.
-**
-** SQLite no longer uses thread-specific data so this routine is now a
-** no-op.  It is retained for historical compatibility.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void){
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Return meta information about a specific column of a database table.
-** See comment in sqlite3.h (sqlite.h.in) for details.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
-  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
-  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
-  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
-  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
-  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
-  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
-  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
-  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
-  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
-){
-  int rc;
-  char *zErrMsg = 0;
-  Table *pTab = 0;
-  Column *pCol = 0;
-  int iCol;
-
-  char const *zDataType = 0;
-  char const *zCollSeq = 0;
-  int notnull = 0;
-  int primarykey = 0;
-  int autoinc = 0;
-
-  /* Ensure the database schema has been loaded */
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-  rc = sqlite3Init(db, &zErrMsg);
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ){
-    goto error_out;
-  }
-
-  /* Locate the table in question */
-  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTableName, zDbName);
-  if( !pTab || pTab->pSelect ){
-    pTab = 0;
-    goto error_out;
-  }
-
-  /* Find the column for which info is requested */
-  if( sqlite3IsRowid(zColumnName) ){
-    iCol = pTab->iPKey;
-    if( iCol>=0 ){
-      pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
-    }
-  }else{
-    for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
-      pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
-      if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zColumnName) ){
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if( iCol==pTab->nCol ){
-      pTab = 0;
-      goto error_out;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* The following block stores the meta information that will be returned
-  ** to the caller in local variables zDataType, zCollSeq, notnull, primarykey
-  ** and autoinc. At this point there are two possibilities:
-  ** 
-  **     1. The specified column name was rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" 
-  **        and there is no explicitly declared IPK column. 
-  **
-  **     2. The table is not a view and the column name identified an 
-  **        explicitly declared column. Copy meta information from *pCol.
-  */ 
-  if( pCol ){
-    zDataType = pCol->zType;
-    zCollSeq = pCol->zColl;
-    notnull = pCol->notNull!=0;
-    primarykey  = pCol->isPrimKey!=0;
-    autoinc = pTab->iPKey==iCol && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement)!=0;
-  }else{
-    zDataType = "INTEGER";
-    primarykey = 1;
-  }
-  if( !zCollSeq ){
-    zCollSeq = "BINARY";
-  }
-
-error_out:
-  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
-
-  /* Whether the function call succeeded or failed, set the output parameters
-  ** to whatever their local counterparts contain. If an error did occur,
-  ** this has the effect of zeroing all output parameters.
-  */
-  if( pzDataType ) *pzDataType = zDataType;
-  if( pzCollSeq ) *pzCollSeq = zCollSeq;
-  if( pNotNull ) *pNotNull = notnull;
-  if( pPrimaryKey ) *pPrimaryKey = primarykey;
-  if( pAutoinc ) *pAutoinc = autoinc;
-
-  if( SQLITE_OK==rc && !pTab ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
-    zErrMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "no such table column: %s.%s", zTableName,
-        zColumnName);
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  sqlite3Error(db, rc, (zErrMsg?"%s":0), zErrMsg);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Sleep for a little while.  Return the amount of time slept.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int ms){
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;
-  int rc;
-  pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
-  if( pVfs==0 ) return 0;
-
-  /* This function works in milliseconds, but the underlying OsSleep() 
-  ** API uses microseconds. Hence the 1000's.
-  */
-  rc = (sqlite3OsSleep(pVfs, 1000*ms)/1000);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Enable or disable the extended result codes.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3 *db, int onoff){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  db->errMask = onoff ? 0xffffffff : 0xff;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Invoke the xFileControl method on a particular database.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName, int op, void *pArg){
-  int rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  int iDb;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  if( zDbName==0 ){
-    iDb = 0;
-  }else{
-    for(iDb=0; iDb<db->nDb; iDb++){
-      if( strcmp(db->aDb[iDb].zName, zDbName)==0 ) break;
-    }
-  }
-  if( iDb<db->nDb ){
-    Btree *pBtree = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
-    if( pBtree ){
-      Pager *pPager;
-      sqlite3_file *fd;
-      sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBtree);
-      pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBtree);
-      assert( pPager!=0 );
-      fd = sqlite3PagerFile(pPager);
-      assert( fd!=0 );
-      if( fd->pMethods ){
-        rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, op, pArg);
-      }
-      sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;   
-}
-
-/*
-** Interface to the testing logic.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
-  int rc = 0;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
-  va_list ap;
-  va_start(ap, op);
-  switch( op ){
-
-    /*
-    ** Save the current state of the PRNG.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE: {
-      sqlite3PrngSaveState();
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    ** Restore the state of the PRNG to the last state saved using
-    ** PRNG_SAVE.  If PRNG_SAVE has never before been called, then
-    ** this verb acts like PRNG_RESET.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE: {
-      sqlite3PrngRestoreState();
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    ** Reset the PRNG back to its uninitialized state.  The next call
-    ** to sqlite3_randomness() will reseed the PRNG using a single call
-    ** to the xRandomness method of the default VFS.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET: {
-      sqlite3PrngResetState();
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    **  sqlite3_test_control(BITVEC_TEST, size, program)
-    **
-    ** Run a test against a Bitvec object of size.  The program argument
-    ** is an array of integers that defines the test.  Return -1 on a
-    ** memory allocation error, 0 on success, or non-zero for an error.
-    ** See the sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest() for additional information.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST: {
-      int sz = va_arg(ap, int);
-      int *aProg = va_arg(ap, int*);
-      rc = sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(sz, aProg);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    **  sqlite3_test_control(BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS, xBegin, xEnd)
-    **
-    ** Register hooks to call to indicate which malloc() failures 
-    ** are benign.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS: {
-      typedef void (*void_function)(void);
-      void_function xBenignBegin;
-      void_function xBenignEnd;
-      xBenignBegin = va_arg(ap, void_function);
-      xBenignEnd = va_arg(ap, void_function);
-      sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(xBenignBegin, xBenignEnd);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    **  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE, unsigned int X)
-    **
-    ** Set the PENDING byte to the value in the argument, if X>0.
-    ** Make no changes if X==0.  Return the value of the pending byte
-    ** as it existing before this routine was called.
-    **
-    ** IMPORTANT:  Changing the PENDING byte from 0x40000000 results in
-    ** an incompatible database file format.  Changing the PENDING byte
-    ** while any database connection is open results in undefined and
-    ** dileterious behavior.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE: {
-      unsigned int newVal = va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
-      rc = sqlite3PendingByte;
-      if( newVal ) sqlite3PendingByte = newVal;
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    **  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT, int X)
-    **
-    ** This action provides a run-time test to see whether or not
-    ** assert() was enabled at compile-time.  If X is true and assert()
-    ** is enabled, then the return value is true.  If X is true and
-    ** assert() is disabled, then the return value is zero.  If X is
-    ** false and assert() is enabled, then the assertion fires and the
-    ** process aborts.  If X is false and assert() is disabled, then the
-    ** return value is zero.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT: {
-      volatile int x = 0;
-      assert( (x = va_arg(ap,int))!=0 );
-      rc = x;
-      break;
-    }
-
-
-    /*
-    **  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS, int X)
-    **
-    ** This action provides a run-time test to see how the ALWAYS and
-    ** NEVER macros were defined at compile-time.
-    **
-    ** The return value is ALWAYS(X).  
-    **
-    ** The recommended test is X==2.  If the return value is 2, that means
-    ** ALWAYS() and NEVER() are both no-op pass-through macros, which is the
-    ** default setting.  If the return value is 1, then ALWAYS() is either
-    ** hard-coded to true or else it asserts if its argument is false.
-    ** The first behavior (hard-coded to true) is the case if
-    ** SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT shows that assert() is disabled and the second
-    ** behavior (assert if the argument to ALWAYS() is false) is the case if
-    ** SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT shows that assert() is enabled.
-    **
-    ** The run-time test procedure might look something like this:
-    **
-    **    if( sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS, 2)==2 ){
-    **      // ALWAYS() and NEVER() are no-op pass-through macros
-    **    }else if( sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT, 1) ){
-    **      // ALWAYS(x) asserts that x is true. NEVER(x) asserts x is false.
-    **    }else{
-    **      // ALWAYS(x) is a constant 1.  NEVER(x) is a constant 0.
-    **    }
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS: {
-      int x = va_arg(ap,int);
-      rc = ALWAYS(x);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE, sqlite3 *db, int N)
-    **
-    ** Set the nReserve size to N for the main database on the database
-    ** connection db.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE: {
-      sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
-      int x = va_arg(ap,int);
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-      sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(db->aDb[0].pBt, 0, x, 0);
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS, sqlite3 *db, int N)
-    **
-    ** Enable or disable various optimizations for testing purposes.  The 
-    ** argument N is a bitmask of optimizations to be disabled.  For normal
-    ** operation N should be 0.  The idea is that a test program (like the
-    ** SQL Logic Test or SLT test module) can run the same SQL multiple times
-    ** with various optimizations disabled to verify that the same answer
-    ** is obtained in every case.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS: {
-      sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
-      int x = va_arg(ap,int);
-      db->flags = (x & SQLITE_OptMask) | (db->flags & ~SQLITE_OptMask);
-      break;
-    }
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_N_KEYWORD
-    /* sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD, const char *zWord)
-    **
-    ** If zWord is a keyword recognized by the parser, then return the
-    ** number of keywords.  Or if zWord is not a keyword, return 0.
-    ** 
-    ** This test feature is only available in the amalgamation since
-    ** the SQLITE_N_KEYWORD macro is not defined in this file if SQLite
-    ** is built using separate source files.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD: {
-      const char *zWord = va_arg(ap, const char*);
-      int n = sqlite3Strlen30(zWord);
-      rc = (sqlite3KeywordCode((u8*)zWord, n)!=TK_ID) ? SQLITE_N_KEYWORD : 0;
-      break;
-    }
-#endif 
-
-  }
-  va_end(ap);
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST */
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/************** End of main.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file notify.c ******************************************/
-/*
-** 2009 March 3
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file contains the implementation of the sqlite3_unlock_notify()
-** API method and its associated functionality.
-*/
-
-/* Omit this entire file if SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY is not defined. */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
-
-/*
-** Public interfaces:
-**
-**   sqlite3ConnectionBlocked()
-**   sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked()
-**   sqlite3ConnectionClosed()
-**   sqlite3_unlock_notify()
-*/
-
-#define assertMutexHeld() \
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER)) )
-
-/*
-** Head of a linked list of all sqlite3 objects created by this process
-** for which either sqlite3.pBlockingConnection or sqlite3.pUnlockConnection
-** is not NULL. This variable may only accessed while the STATIC_MASTER
-** mutex is held.
-*/
-static sqlite3 *SQLITE_WSD sqlite3BlockedList = 0;
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/*
-** This function is a complex assert() that verifies the following 
-** properties of the blocked connections list:
-**
-**   1) Each entry in the list has a non-NULL value for either 
-**      pUnlockConnection or pBlockingConnection, or both.
-**
-**   2) All entries in the list that share a common value for 
-**      xUnlockNotify are grouped together.
-**
-**   3) If the argument db is not NULL, then none of the entries in the
-**      blocked connections list have pUnlockConnection or pBlockingConnection
-**      set to db. This is used when closing connection db.
-*/
-static void checkListProperties(sqlite3 *db){
-  sqlite3 *p;
-  for(p=sqlite3BlockedList; p; p=p->pNextBlocked){
-    int seen = 0;
-    sqlite3 *p2;
-
-    /* Verify property (1) */
-    assert( p->pUnlockConnection || p->pBlockingConnection );
-
-    /* Verify property (2) */
-    for(p2=sqlite3BlockedList; p2!=p; p2=p2->pNextBlocked){
-      if( p2->xUnlockNotify==p->xUnlockNotify ) seen = 1;
-      assert( p2->xUnlockNotify==p->xUnlockNotify || !seen );
-      assert( db==0 || p->pUnlockConnection!=db );
-      assert( db==0 || p->pBlockingConnection!=db );
-    }
-  }
-}
-#else
-# define checkListProperties(x)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Remove connection db from the blocked connections list. If connection
-** db is not currently a part of the list, this function is a no-op.
-*/
-static void removeFromBlockedList(sqlite3 *db){
-  sqlite3 **pp;
-  assertMutexHeld();
-  for(pp=&sqlite3BlockedList; *pp; pp = &(*pp)->pNextBlocked){
-    if( *pp==db ){
-      *pp = (*pp)->pNextBlocked;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Add connection db to the blocked connections list. It is assumed
-** that it is not already a part of the list.
-*/
-static void addToBlockedList(sqlite3 *db){
-  sqlite3 **pp;
-  assertMutexHeld();
-  for(
-    pp=&sqlite3BlockedList; 
-    *pp && (*pp)->xUnlockNotify!=db->xUnlockNotify; 
-    pp=&(*pp)->pNextBlocked
-  );
-  db->pNextBlocked = *pp;
-  *pp = db;
-}
-
-/*
-** Obtain the STATIC_MASTER mutex.
-*/
-static void enterMutex(void){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
-  checkListProperties(0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Release the STATIC_MASTER mutex.
-*/
-static void leaveMutex(void){
-  assertMutexHeld();
-  checkListProperties(0);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
-}
-
-/*
-** Register an unlock-notify callback.
-**
-** This is called after connection "db" has attempted some operation
-** but has received an SQLITE_LOCKED error because another connection
-** (call it pOther) in the same process was busy using the same shared
-** cache.  pOther is found by looking at db->pBlockingConnection.
-**
-** If there is no blocking connection, the callback is invoked immediately,
-** before this routine returns.
-**
-** If pOther is already blocked on db, then report SQLITE_LOCKED, to indicate
-** a deadlock.
-**
-** Otherwise, make arrangements to invoke xNotify when pOther drops
-** its locks.
-**
-** Each call to this routine overrides any prior callbacks registered
-** on the same "db".  If xNotify==0 then any prior callbacks are immediately
-** cancelled.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  void (*xNotify)(void **, int),
-  void *pArg
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  enterMutex();
-
-  if( xNotify==0 ){
-    removeFromBlockedList(db);
-    db->pUnlockConnection = 0;
-    db->xUnlockNotify = 0;
-    db->pUnlockArg = 0;
-  }else if( 0==db->pBlockingConnection ){
-    /* The blocking transaction has been concluded. Or there never was a 
-    ** blocking transaction. In either case, invoke the notify callback
-    ** immediately. 
-    */
-    xNotify(&pArg, 1);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3 *p;
-
-    for(p=db->pBlockingConnection; p && p!=db; p=p->pUnlockConnection){}
-    if( p ){
-      rc = SQLITE_LOCKED;              /* Deadlock detected. */
-    }else{
-      db->pUnlockConnection = db->pBlockingConnection;
-      db->xUnlockNotify = xNotify;
-      db->pUnlockArg = pArg;
-      removeFromBlockedList(db);
-      addToBlockedList(db);
-    }
-  }
-
-  leaveMutex();
-  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
-  sqlite3Error(db, rc, (rc?"database is deadlocked":0));
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called while stepping or preparing a statement 
-** associated with connection db. The operation will return SQLITE_LOCKED
-** to the user because it requires a lock that will not be available
-** until connection pBlocker concludes its current transaction.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *db, sqlite3 *pBlocker){
-  enterMutex();
-  if( db->pBlockingConnection==0 && db->pUnlockConnection==0 ){
-    addToBlockedList(db);
-  }
-  db->pBlockingConnection = pBlocker;
-  leaveMutex();
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called when
-** the transaction opened by database db has just finished. Locks held 
-** by database connection db have been released.
-**
-** This function loops through each entry in the blocked connections
-** list and does the following:
-**
-**   1) If the sqlite3.pBlockingConnection member of a list entry is
-**      set to db, then set pBlockingConnection=0.
-**
-**   2) If the sqlite3.pUnlockConnection member of a list entry is
-**      set to db, then invoke the configured unlock-notify callback and
-**      set pUnlockConnection=0.
-**
-**   3) If the two steps above mean that pBlockingConnection==0 and
-**      pUnlockConnection==0, remove the entry from the blocked connections
-**      list.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db){
-  void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int) = 0; /* Unlock-notify cb to invoke */
-  int nArg = 0;                            /* Number of entries in aArg[] */
-  sqlite3 **pp;                            /* Iterator variable */
-  void **aArg;               /* Arguments to the unlock callback */
-  void **aDyn = 0;           /* Dynamically allocated space for aArg[] */
-  void *aStatic[16];         /* Starter space for aArg[].  No malloc required */
-
-  aArg = aStatic;
-  enterMutex();         /* Enter STATIC_MASTER mutex */
-
-  /* This loop runs once for each entry in the blocked-connections list. */
-  for(pp=&sqlite3BlockedList; *pp; /* no-op */ ){
-    sqlite3 *p = *pp;
-
-    /* Step 1. */
-    if( p->pBlockingConnection==db ){
-      p->pBlockingConnection = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* Step 2. */
-    if( p->pUnlockConnection==db ){
-      assert( p->xUnlockNotify );
-      if( p->xUnlockNotify!=xUnlockNotify && nArg!=0 ){
-        xUnlockNotify(aArg, nArg);
-        nArg = 0;
-      }
-
-      sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-      assert( aArg==aDyn || (aDyn==0 && aArg==aStatic) );
-      assert( nArg<=(int)ArraySize(aStatic) || aArg==aDyn );
-      if( (!aDyn && nArg==(int)ArraySize(aStatic))
-       || (aDyn && nArg==(int)(sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, aDyn)/sizeof(void*)))
-      ){
-        /* The aArg[] array needs to grow. */
-        void **pNew = (void **)sqlite3Malloc(nArg*sizeof(void *)*2);
-        if( pNew ){
-          memcpy(pNew, aArg, nArg*sizeof(void *));
-          sqlite3_free(aDyn);
-          aDyn = aArg = pNew;
-        }else{
-          /* This occurs when the array of context pointers that need to
-          ** be passed to the unlock-notify callback is larger than the
-          ** aStatic[] array allocated on the stack and the attempt to 
-          ** allocate a larger array from the heap has failed.
-          **
-          ** This is a difficult situation to handle. Returning an error
-          ** code to the caller is insufficient, as even if an error code
-          ** is returned the transaction on connection db will still be
-          ** closed and the unlock-notify callbacks on blocked connections
-          ** will go unissued. This might cause the application to wait
-          ** indefinitely for an unlock-notify callback that will never 
-          ** arrive.
-          **
-          ** Instead, invoke the unlock-notify callback with the context
-          ** array already accumulated. We can then clear the array and
-          ** begin accumulating any further context pointers without 
-          ** requiring any dynamic allocation. This is sub-optimal because
-          ** it means that instead of one callback with a large array of
-          ** context pointers the application will receive two or more
-          ** callbacks with smaller arrays of context pointers, which will
-          ** reduce the applications ability to prioritize multiple 
-          ** connections. But it is the best that can be done under the
-          ** circumstances.
-          */
-          xUnlockNotify(aArg, nArg);
-          nArg = 0;
-        }
-      }
-      sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-
-      aArg[nArg++] = p->pUnlockArg;
-      xUnlockNotify = p->xUnlockNotify;
-      p->pUnlockConnection = 0;
-      p->xUnlockNotify = 0;
-      p->pUnlockArg = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* Step 3. */
-    if( p->pBlockingConnection==0 && p->pUnlockConnection==0 ){
-      /* Remove connection p from the blocked connections list. */
-      *pp = p->pNextBlocked;
-      p->pNextBlocked = 0;
-    }else{
-      pp = &p->pNextBlocked;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( nArg!=0 ){
-    xUnlockNotify(aArg, nArg);
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(aDyn);
-  leaveMutex();         /* Leave STATIC_MASTER mutex */
-}
-
-/*
-** This is called when the database connection passed as an argument is 
-** being closed. The connection is removed from the blocked list.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db){
-  sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(db);
-  enterMutex();
-  removeFromBlockedList(db);
-  checkListProperties(db);
-  leaveMutex();
-}
-#endif
-
-/************** End of notify.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file fts3.c ********************************************/
-/*
-** 2006 Oct 10
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This is an SQLite module implementing full-text search.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The code in this file is only compiled if:
-**
-**     * The FTS3 module is being built as an extension
-**       (in which case SQLITE_CORE is not defined), or
-**
-**     * The FTS3 module is being built into the core of
-**       SQLite (in which case SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 is defined).
-*/
-
-/* The full-text index is stored in a series of b+tree (-like)
-** structures called segments which map terms to doclists.  The
-** structures are like b+trees in layout, but are constructed from the
-** bottom up in optimal fashion and are not updatable.  Since trees
-** are built from the bottom up, things will be described from the
-** bottom up.
-**
-**
-**** Varints ****
-** The basic unit of encoding is a variable-length integer called a
-** varint.  We encode variable-length integers in little-endian order
-** using seven bits * per byte as follows:
-**
-** KEY:
-**         A = 0xxxxxxx    7 bits of data and one flag bit
-**         B = 1xxxxxxx    7 bits of data and one flag bit
-**
-**  7 bits - A
-** 14 bits - BA
-** 21 bits - BBA
-** and so on.
-**
-** This is similar in concept to how sqlite encodes "varints" but
-** the encoding is not the same.  SQLite varints are big-endian
-** are are limited to 9 bytes in length whereas FTS3 varints are
-** little-endian and can be upt to 10 bytes in length (in theory).
-**
-** Example encodings:
-**
-**     1:    0x01
-**   127:    0x7f
-**   128:    0x81 0x00
-**
-**
-**** Document lists ****
-** A doclist (document list) holds a docid-sorted list of hits for a
-** given term.  Doclists hold docids, and can optionally associate
-** token positions and offsets with docids.  A position is the index
-** of a word within the document.  The first word of the document has
-** a position of 0.
-**
-** FTS3 used to optionally store character offsets using a compile-time
-** option.  But that functionality is no longer supported.
-**
-** A DL_POSITIONS_OFFSETS doclist is stored like this:
-**
-** array {
-**   varint docid;
-**   array {                (position list for column 0)
-**     varint position;     (delta from previous position plus POS_BASE)
-**   }
-**   array {
-**     varint POS_COLUMN;   (marks start of position list for new column)
-**     varint column;       (index of new column)
-**     array {
-**       varint position;   (delta from previous position plus POS_BASE)
-**     }
-**   }
-**   varint POS_END;        (marks end of positions for this document.
-** }
-**
-** Here, array { X } means zero or more occurrences of X, adjacent in
-** memory.  A "position" is an index of a token in the token stream
-** generated by the tokenizer. Note that POS_END and POS_COLUMN occur 
-** in the same logical place as the position element, and act as sentinals
-** ending a position list array.  POS_END is 0.  POS_COLUMN is 1.
-** The positions numbers are not stored literally but rather as two more
-** the difference from the prior position, or the just the position plus
-** 2 for the first position.  Example:
-**
-**   label:       A B C D E  F  G H   I  J K
-**   value:     123 5 9 1 1 14 35 0 234 72 0
-**
-** The 123 value is the first docid.  For column zero in this document
-** there are two matches at positions 3 and 10 (5-2 and 9-2+3).  The 1
-** at D signals the start of a new column; the 1 at E indicates that the
-** new column is column number 1.  There are two positions at 12 and 45
-** (14-2 and 35-2+12).  The 0 at H indicate the end-of-document.  The
-** 234 at I is the next docid.  It has one position 72 (72-2) and then
-** terminates with the 0 at K.
-**
-** A DL_POSITIONS doclist omits the startOffset and endOffset
-** information.  A DL_DOCIDS doclist omits both the position and
-** offset information, becoming an array of varint-encoded docids.
-**
-** On-disk data is stored as type DL_DEFAULT, so we don't serialize
-** the type.  Due to how deletion is implemented in the segmentation
-** system, on-disk doclists MUST store at least positions.
-**
-**
-**** Segment leaf nodes ****
-** Segment leaf nodes store terms and doclists, ordered by term.  Leaf
-** nodes are written using LeafWriter, and read using LeafReader (to
-** iterate through a single leaf node's data) and LeavesReader (to
-** iterate through a segment's entire leaf layer).  Leaf nodes have
-** the format:
-**
-** varint iHeight;             (height from leaf level, always 0)
-** varint nTerm;               (length of first term)
-** char pTerm[nTerm];          (content of first term)
-** varint nDoclist;            (length of term's associated doclist)
-** char pDoclist[nDoclist];    (content of doclist)
-** array {
-**                             (further terms are delta-encoded)
-**   varint nPrefix;           (length of prefix shared with previous term)
-**   varint nSuffix;           (length of unshared suffix)
-**   char pTermSuffix[nSuffix];(unshared suffix of next term)
-**   varint nDoclist;          (length of term's associated doclist)
-**   char pDoclist[nDoclist];  (content of doclist)
-** }
-**
-** Here, array { X } means zero or more occurrences of X, adjacent in
-** memory.
-**
-** Leaf nodes are broken into blocks which are stored contiguously in
-** the %_segments table in sorted order.  This means that when the end
-** of a node is reached, the next term is in the node with the next
-** greater node id.
-**
-** New data is spilled to a new leaf node when the current node
-** exceeds LEAF_MAX bytes (default 2048).  New data which itself is
-** larger than STANDALONE_MIN (default 1024) is placed in a standalone
-** node (a leaf node with a single term and doclist).  The goal of
-** these settings is to pack together groups of small doclists while
-** making it efficient to directly access large doclists.  The
-** assumption is that large doclists represent terms which are more
-** likely to be query targets.
-**
-** TODO(shess) It may be useful for blocking decisions to be more
-** dynamic.  For instance, it may make more sense to have a 2.5k leaf
-** node rather than splitting into 2k and .5k nodes.  My intuition is
-** that this might extend through 2x or 4x the pagesize.
-**
-**
-**** Segment interior nodes ****
-** Segment interior nodes store blockids for subtree nodes and terms
-** to describe what data is stored by the each subtree.  Interior
-** nodes are written using InteriorWriter, and read using
-** InteriorReader.  InteriorWriters are created as needed when
-** SegmentWriter creates new leaf nodes, or when an interior node
-** itself grows too big and must be split.  The format of interior
-** nodes:
-**
-** varint iHeight;           (height from leaf level, always >0)
-** varint iBlockid;          (block id of node's leftmost subtree)
-** optional {
-**   varint nTerm;           (length of first term)
-**   char pTerm[nTerm];      (content of first term)
-**   array {
-**                                (further terms are delta-encoded)
-**     varint nPrefix;            (length of shared prefix with previous term)
-**     varint nSuffix;            (length of unshared suffix)
-**     char pTermSuffix[nSuffix]; (unshared suffix of next term)
-**   }
-** }
-**
-** Here, optional { X } means an optional element, while array { X }
-** means zero or more occurrences of X, adjacent in memory.
-**
-** An interior node encodes n terms separating n+1 subtrees.  The
-** subtree blocks are contiguous, so only the first subtree's blockid
-** is encoded.  The subtree at iBlockid will contain all terms less
-** than the first term encoded (or all terms if no term is encoded).
-** Otherwise, for terms greater than or equal to pTerm[i] but less
-** than pTerm[i+1], the subtree for that term will be rooted at
-** iBlockid+i.  Interior nodes only store enough term data to
-** distinguish adjacent children (if the rightmost term of the left
-** child is "something", and the leftmost term of the right child is
-** "wicked", only "w" is stored).
-**
-** New data is spilled to a new interior node at the same height when
-** the current node exceeds INTERIOR_MAX bytes (default 2048).
-** INTERIOR_MIN_TERMS (default 7) keeps large terms from monopolizing
-** interior nodes and making the tree too skinny.  The interior nodes
-** at a given height are naturally tracked by interior nodes at
-** height+1, and so on.
-**
-**
-**** Segment directory ****
-** The segment directory in table %_segdir stores meta-information for
-** merging and deleting segments, and also the root node of the
-** segment's tree.
-**
-** The root node is the top node of the segment's tree after encoding
-** the entire segment, restricted to ROOT_MAX bytes (default 1024).
-** This could be either a leaf node or an interior node.  If the top
-** node requires more than ROOT_MAX bytes, it is flushed to %_segments
-** and a new root interior node is generated (which should always fit
-** within ROOT_MAX because it only needs space for 2 varints, the
-** height and the blockid of the previous root).
-**
-** The meta-information in the segment directory is:
-**   level               - segment level (see below)
-**   idx                 - index within level
-**                       - (level,idx uniquely identify a segment)
-**   start_block         - first leaf node
-**   leaves_end_block    - last leaf node
-**   end_block           - last block (including interior nodes)
-**   root                - contents of root node
-**
-** If the root node is a leaf node, then start_block,
-** leaves_end_block, and end_block are all 0.
-**
-**
-**** Segment merging ****
-** To amortize update costs, segments are grouped into levels and
-** merged in batches.  Each increase in level represents exponentially
-** more documents.
-**
-** New documents (actually, document updates) are tokenized and
-** written individually (using LeafWriter) to a level 0 segment, with
-** incrementing idx.  When idx reaches MERGE_COUNT (default 16), all
-** level 0 segments are merged into a single level 1 segment.  Level 1
-** is populated like level 0, and eventually MERGE_COUNT level 1
-** segments are merged to a single level 2 segment (representing
-** MERGE_COUNT^2 updates), and so on.
-**
-** A segment merge traverses all segments at a given level in
-** parallel, performing a straightforward sorted merge.  Since segment
-** leaf nodes are written in to the %_segments table in order, this
-** merge traverses the underlying sqlite disk structures efficiently.
-** After the merge, all segment blocks from the merged level are
-** deleted.
-**
-** MERGE_COUNT controls how often we merge segments.  16 seems to be
-** somewhat of a sweet spot for insertion performance.  32 and 64 show
-** very similar performance numbers to 16 on insertion, though they're
-** a tiny bit slower (perhaps due to more overhead in merge-time
-** sorting).  8 is about 20% slower than 16, 4 about 50% slower than
-** 16, 2 about 66% slower than 16.
-**
-** At query time, high MERGE_COUNT increases the number of segments
-** which need to be scanned and merged.  For instance, with 100k docs
-** inserted:
-**
-**    MERGE_COUNT   segments
-**       16           25
-**        8           12
-**        4           10
-**        2            6
-**
-** This appears to have only a moderate impact on queries for very
-** frequent terms (which are somewhat dominated by segment merge
-** costs), and infrequent and non-existent terms still seem to be fast
-** even with many segments.
-**
-** TODO(shess) That said, it would be nice to have a better query-side
-** argument for MERGE_COUNT of 16.  Also, it is possible/likely that
-** optimizations to things like doclist merging will swing the sweet
-** spot around.
-**
-**
-**
-**** Handling of deletions and updates ****
-** Since we're using a segmented structure, with no docid-oriented
-** index into the term index, we clearly cannot simply update the term
-** index when a document is deleted or updated.  For deletions, we
-** write an empty doclist (varint(docid) varint(POS_END)), for updates
-** we simply write the new doclist.  Segment merges overwrite older
-** data for a particular docid with newer data, so deletes or updates
-** will eventually overtake the earlier data and knock it out.  The
-** query logic likewise merges doclists so that newer data knocks out
-** older data.
-**
-** TODO(shess) Provide a VACUUM type operation to clear out all
-** deletions and duplications.  This would basically be a forced merge
-** into a single segment.
-*/
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && !defined(SQLITE_CORE)
-# define SQLITE_CORE 1
-#endif
-
-/************** Include fts3Int.h in the middle of fts3.c ********************/
-/************** Begin file fts3Int.h *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2009 Nov 12
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-*/
-
-#ifndef _FTSINT_H
-#define _FTSINT_H
-
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) 
-# define NDEBUG 1
-#endif
-
-/************** Include fts3_tokenizer.h in the middle of fts3Int.h **********/
-/************** Begin file fts3_tokenizer.h **********************************/
-/*
-** 2006 July 10
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** Defines the interface to tokenizers used by fulltext-search.  There
-** are three basic components:
-**
-** sqlite3_tokenizer_module is a singleton defining the tokenizer
-** interface functions.  This is essentially the class structure for
-** tokenizers.
-**
-** sqlite3_tokenizer is used to define a particular tokenizer, perhaps
-** including customization information defined at creation time.
-**
-** sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor is generated by a tokenizer to generate
-** tokens from a particular input.
-*/
-#ifndef _FTS3_TOKENIZER_H_
-#define _FTS3_TOKENIZER_H_
-
-/* TODO(shess) Only used for SQLITE_OK and SQLITE_DONE at this time.
-** If tokenizers are to be allowed to call sqlite3_*() functions, then
-** we will need a way to register the API consistently.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Structures used by the tokenizer interface. When a new tokenizer
-** implementation is registered, the caller provides a pointer to
-** an sqlite3_tokenizer_module containing pointers to the callback
-** functions that make up an implementation.
-**
-** When an fts3 table is created, it passes any arguments passed to
-** the tokenizer clause of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement to the
-** sqlite3_tokenizer_module.xCreate() function of the requested tokenizer
-** implementation. The xCreate() function in turn returns an 
-** sqlite3_tokenizer structure representing the specific tokenizer to
-** be used for the fts3 table (customized by the tokenizer clause arguments).
-**
-** To tokenize an input buffer, the sqlite3_tokenizer_module.xOpen()
-** method is called. It returns an sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor object
-** that may be used to tokenize a specific input buffer based on
-** the tokenization rules supplied by a specific sqlite3_tokenizer
-** object.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_tokenizer_module sqlite3_tokenizer_module;
-typedef struct sqlite3_tokenizer sqlite3_tokenizer;
-typedef struct sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor;
-
-struct sqlite3_tokenizer_module {
-
-  /*
-  ** Structure version. Should always be set to 0.
-  */
-  int iVersion;
-
-  /*
-  ** Create a new tokenizer. The values in the argv[] array are the
-  ** arguments passed to the "tokenizer" clause of the CREATE VIRTUAL
-  ** TABLE statement that created the fts3 table. For example, if
-  ** the following SQL is executed:
-  **
-  **   CREATE .. USING fts3( ... , tokenizer <tokenizer-name> arg1 arg2)
-  **
-  ** then argc is set to 2, and the argv[] array contains pointers
-  ** to the strings "arg1" and "arg2".
-  **
-  ** This method should return either SQLITE_OK (0), or an SQLite error 
-  ** code. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then *ppTokenizer should be set
-  ** to point at the newly created tokenizer structure. The generic
-  ** sqlite3_tokenizer.pModule variable should not be initialised by
-  ** this callback. The caller will do so.
-  */
-  int (*xCreate)(
-    int argc,                           /* Size of argv array */
-    const char *const*argv,             /* Tokenizer argument strings */
-    sqlite3_tokenizer **ppTokenizer     /* OUT: Created tokenizer */
-  );
-
-  /*
-  ** Destroy an existing tokenizer. The fts3 module calls this method
-  ** exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
-  */
-  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer);
-
-  /*
-  ** Create a tokenizer cursor to tokenize an input buffer. The caller
-  ** is responsible for ensuring that the input buffer remains valid
-  ** until the cursor is closed (using the xClose() method). 
-  */
-  int (*xOpen)(
-    sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer,       /* Tokenizer object */
-    const char *pInput, int nBytes,      /* Input buffer */
-    sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor **ppCursor  /* OUT: Created tokenizer cursor */
-  );
-
-  /*
-  ** Destroy an existing tokenizer cursor. The fts3 module calls this 
-  ** method exactly once for each successful call to xOpen().
-  */
-  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor);
-
-  /*
-  ** Retrieve the next token from the tokenizer cursor pCursor. This
-  ** method should either return SQLITE_OK and set the values of the
-  ** "OUT" variables identified below, or SQLITE_DONE to indicate that
-  ** the end of the buffer has been reached, or an SQLite error code.
-  **
-  ** *ppToken should be set to point at a buffer containing the 
-  ** normalized version of the token (i.e. after any case-folding and/or
-  ** stemming has been performed). *pnBytes should be set to the length
-  ** of this buffer in bytes. The input text that generated the token is
-  ** identified by the byte offsets returned in *piStartOffset and
-  ** *piEndOffset. *piStartOffset should be set to the index of the first
-  ** byte of the token in the input buffer. *piEndOffset should be set
-  ** to the index of the first byte just past the end of the token in
-  ** the input buffer.
-  **
-  ** The buffer *ppToken is set to point at is managed by the tokenizer
-  ** implementation. It is only required to be valid until the next call
-  ** to xNext() or xClose(). 
-  */
-  /* TODO(shess) current implementation requires pInput to be
-  ** nul-terminated.  This should either be fixed, or pInput/nBytes
-  ** should be converted to zInput.
-  */
-  int (*xNext)(
-    sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor,   /* Tokenizer cursor */
-    const char **ppToken, int *pnBytes,  /* OUT: Normalized text for token */
-    int *piStartOffset,  /* OUT: Byte offset of token in input buffer */
-    int *piEndOffset,    /* OUT: Byte offset of end of token in input buffer */
-    int *piPosition      /* OUT: Number of tokens returned before this one */
-  );
-};
-
-struct sqlite3_tokenizer {
-  const sqlite3_tokenizer_module *pModule;  /* The module for this tokenizer */
-  /* Tokenizer implementations will typically add additional fields */
-};
-
-struct sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor {
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer;       /* Tokenizer for this cursor. */
-  /* Tokenizer implementations will typically add additional fields */
-};
-
-int fts3_global_term_cnt(int iTerm, int iCol);
-int fts3_term_cnt(int iTerm, int iCol);
-
-
-#endif /* _FTS3_TOKENIZER_H_ */
-
-/************** End of fts3_tokenizer.h **************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in fts3Int.h ********************/
-/************** Include fts3_hash.h in the middle of fts3Int.h ***************/
-/************** Begin file fts3_hash.h ***************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This is the header file for the generic hash-table implemenation
-** used in SQLite.  We've modified it slightly to serve as a standalone
-** hash table implementation for the full-text indexing module.
-**
-*/
-#ifndef _FTS3_HASH_H_
-#define _FTS3_HASH_H_
-
-/* Forward declarations of structures. */
-typedef struct Fts3Hash Fts3Hash;
-typedef struct Fts3HashElem Fts3HashElem;
-
-/* A complete hash table is an instance of the following structure.
-** The internals of this structure are intended to be opaque -- client
-** code should not attempt to access or modify the fields of this structure
-** directly.  Change this structure only by using the routines below.
-** However, many of the "procedures" and "functions" for modifying and
-** accessing this structure are really macros, so we can't really make
-** this structure opaque.
-*/
-struct Fts3Hash {
-  char keyClass;          /* HASH_INT, _POINTER, _STRING, _BINARY */
-  char copyKey;           /* True if copy of key made on insert */
-  int count;              /* Number of entries in this table */
-  Fts3HashElem *first;    /* The first element of the array */
-  int htsize;             /* Number of buckets in the hash table */
-  struct _fts3ht {        /* the hash table */
-    int count;               /* Number of entries with this hash */
-    Fts3HashElem *chain;     /* Pointer to first entry with this hash */
-  } *ht;
-};
-
-/* Each element in the hash table is an instance of the following 
-** structure.  All elements are stored on a single doubly-linked list.
-**
-** Again, this structure is intended to be opaque, but it can't really
-** be opaque because it is used by macros.
-*/
-struct Fts3HashElem {
-  Fts3HashElem *next, *prev; /* Next and previous elements in the table */
-  void *data;                /* Data associated with this element */
-  void *pKey; int nKey;      /* Key associated with this element */
-};
-
-/*
-** There are 2 different modes of operation for a hash table:
-**
-**   FTS3_HASH_STRING        pKey points to a string that is nKey bytes long
-**                           (including the null-terminator, if any).  Case
-**                           is respected in comparisons.
-**
-**   FTS3_HASH_BINARY        pKey points to binary data nKey bytes long. 
-**                           memcmp() is used to compare keys.
-**
-** A copy of the key is made if the copyKey parameter to fts3HashInit is 1.  
-*/
-#define FTS3_HASH_STRING    1
-#define FTS3_HASH_BINARY    2
-
-/*
-** Access routines.  To delete, insert a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3HashInit(Fts3Hash *pNew, char keyClass, char copyKey);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(Fts3Hash*, const void *pKey, int nKey, void *pData);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Fts3HashFind(const Fts3Hash*, const void *pKey, int nKey);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3HashClear(Fts3Hash*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Fts3HashElem *sqlite3Fts3HashFindElem(const Fts3Hash *, const void *, int);
-
-/*
-** Shorthand for the functions above
-*/
-#define fts3HashInit     sqlite3Fts3HashInit
-#define fts3HashInsert   sqlite3Fts3HashInsert
-#define fts3HashFind     sqlite3Fts3HashFind
-#define fts3HashClear    sqlite3Fts3HashClear
-#define fts3HashFindElem sqlite3Fts3HashFindElem
-
-/*
-** Macros for looping over all elements of a hash table.  The idiom is
-** like this:
-**
-**   Fts3Hash h;
-**   Fts3HashElem *p;
-**   ...
-**   for(p=fts3HashFirst(&h); p; p=fts3HashNext(p)){
-**     SomeStructure *pData = fts3HashData(p);
-**     // do something with pData
-**   }
-*/
-#define fts3HashFirst(H)  ((H)->first)
-#define fts3HashNext(E)   ((E)->next)
-#define fts3HashData(E)   ((E)->data)
-#define fts3HashKey(E)    ((E)->pKey)
-#define fts3HashKeysize(E) ((E)->nKey)
-
-/*
-** Number of entries in a hash table
-*/
-#define fts3HashCount(H)  ((H)->count)
-
-#endif /* _FTS3_HASH_H_ */
-
-/************** End of fts3_hash.h *******************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in fts3Int.h ********************/
-
-/*
-** This constant controls how often segments are merged. Once there are
-** FTS3_MERGE_COUNT segments of level N, they are merged into a single
-** segment of level N+1.
-*/
-#define FTS3_MERGE_COUNT 16
-
-/*
-** This is the maximum amount of data (in bytes) to store in the 
-** Fts3Table.pendingTerms hash table. Normally, the hash table is
-** populated as documents are inserted/updated/deleted in a transaction
-** and used to create a new segment when the transaction is committed.
-** However if this limit is reached midway through a transaction, a new 
-** segment is created and the hash table cleared immediately.
-*/
-#define FTS3_MAX_PENDING_DATA (1*1024*1024)
-
-/*
-** Macro to return the number of elements in an array. SQLite has a
-** similar macro called ArraySize(). Use a different name to avoid
-** a collision when building an amalgamation with built-in FTS3.
-*/
-#define SizeofArray(X) ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
-
-/*
-** Maximum length of a varint encoded integer. The varint format is different
-** from that used by SQLite, so the maximum length is 10, not 9.
-*/
-#define FTS3_VARINT_MAX 10
-
-/*
-** This section provides definitions to allow the
-** FTS3 extension to be compiled outside of the 
-** amalgamation.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
-/*
-** Macros indicating that conditional expressions are always true or
-** false.
-*/
-# define ALWAYS(x) (x)
-# define NEVER(X)  (x)
-/*
-** Internal types used by SQLite.
-*/
-typedef unsigned char u8;         /* 1-byte (or larger) unsigned integer */
-typedef short int i16;            /* 2-byte (or larger) signed integer */
-typedef unsigned int u32;         /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
-typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;       /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
-/*
-** Macro used to suppress compiler warnings for unused parameters.
-*/
-#define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
-#endif
-
-typedef struct Fts3Table Fts3Table;
-typedef struct Fts3Cursor Fts3Cursor;
-typedef struct Fts3Expr Fts3Expr;
-typedef struct Fts3Phrase Fts3Phrase;
-typedef struct Fts3SegReader Fts3SegReader;
-typedef struct Fts3SegFilter Fts3SegFilter;
-
-/*
-** A connection to a fulltext index is an instance of the following
-** structure. The xCreate and xConnect methods create an instance
-** of this structure and xDestroy and xDisconnect free that instance.
-** All other methods receive a pointer to the structure as one of their
-** arguments.
-*/
-struct Fts3Table {
-  sqlite3_vtab base;              /* Base class used by SQLite core */
-  sqlite3 *db;                    /* The database connection */
-  const char *zDb;                /* logical database name */
-  const char *zName;              /* virtual table name */
-  int nColumn;                    /* number of named columns in virtual table */
-  char **azColumn;                /* column names.  malloced */
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer;  /* tokenizer for inserts and queries */
-
-  /* Precompiled statements used by the implementation. Each of these 
-  ** statements is run and reset within a single virtual table API call. 
-  */
-  sqlite3_stmt *aStmt[25];
-
-  /* Pointer to string containing the SQL:
-  **
-  ** "SELECT block FROM %_segments WHERE blockid BETWEEN ? AND ? 
-  **    ORDER BY blockid"
-  */
-  char *zSelectLeaves;
-  int nLeavesStmt;                /* Valid statements in aLeavesStmt */
-  int nLeavesTotal;               /* Total number of prepared leaves stmts */
-  int nLeavesAlloc;               /* Allocated size of aLeavesStmt */
-  sqlite3_stmt **aLeavesStmt;     /* Array of prepared zSelectLeaves stmts */
-
-  int nNodeSize;                  /* Soft limit for node size */
-  u8 bHasContent;                 /* True if %_content table exists */
-  u8 bHasDocsize;                 /* True if %_docsize table exists */
-
-  /* The following hash table is used to buffer pending index updates during
-  ** transactions. Variable nPendingData estimates the memory size of the 
-  ** pending data, including hash table overhead, but not malloc overhead. 
-  ** When nPendingData exceeds nMaxPendingData, the buffer is flushed 
-  ** automatically. Variable iPrevDocid is the docid of the most recently
-  ** inserted record.
-  */
-  int nMaxPendingData;
-  int nPendingData;
-  sqlite_int64 iPrevDocid;
-  Fts3Hash pendingTerms;
-};
-
-/*
-** When the core wants to read from the virtual table, it creates a
-** virtual table cursor (an instance of the following structure) using
-** the xOpen method. Cursors are destroyed using the xClose method.
-*/
-struct Fts3Cursor {
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;       /* Base class used by SQLite core */
-  i16 eSearch;                    /* Search strategy (see below) */
-  u8 isEof;                       /* True if at End Of Results */
-  u8 isRequireSeek;               /* True if must seek pStmt to %_content row */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;            /* Prepared statement in use by the cursor */
-  Fts3Expr *pExpr;                /* Parsed MATCH query string */
-  sqlite3_int64 iPrevId;          /* Previous id read from aDoclist */
-  char *pNextId;                  /* Pointer into the body of aDoclist */
-  char *aDoclist;                 /* List of docids for full-text queries */
-  int nDoclist;                   /* Size of buffer at aDoclist */
-  int isMatchinfoNeeded;          /* True when aMatchinfo[] needs filling in */
-  u32 *aMatchinfo;                /* Information about most recent match */
-};
-
-/*
-** The Fts3Cursor.eSearch member is always set to one of the following.
-** Actualy, Fts3Cursor.eSearch can be greater than or equal to
-** FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH.  If so, then Fts3Cursor.eSearch - 2 is the index
-** of the column to be searched.  For example, in
-**
-**     CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE ex1 USING fts3(a,b,c,d);
-**     SELECT docid FROM ex1 WHERE b MATCH 'one two three';
-** 
-** Because the LHS of the MATCH operator is 2nd column "b",
-** Fts3Cursor.eSearch will be set to FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH+1.  (+0 for a,
-** +1 for b, +2 for c, +3 for d.)  If the LHS of MATCH were "ex1" 
-** indicating that all columns should be searched,
-** then eSearch would be set to FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH+4.
-*/
-#define FTS3_FULLSCAN_SEARCH 0    /* Linear scan of %_content table */
-#define FTS3_DOCID_SEARCH    1    /* Lookup by rowid on %_content table */
-#define FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH 2    /* Full-text index search */
-
-/*
-** A "phrase" is a sequence of one or more tokens that must match in
-** sequence.  A single token is the base case and the most common case.
-** For a sequence of tokens contained in "...", nToken will be the number
-** of tokens in the string.
-*/
-struct Fts3Phrase {
-  int nToken;                /* Number of tokens in the phrase */
-  int iColumn;               /* Index of column this phrase must match */
-  int isNot;                 /* Phrase prefixed by unary not (-) operator */
-  struct PhraseToken {
-    char *z;                 /* Text of the token */
-    int n;                   /* Number of bytes in buffer pointed to by z */
-    int isPrefix;            /* True if token ends in with a "*" character */
-  } aToken[1];               /* One entry for each token in the phrase */
-};
-
-/*
-** A tree of these objects forms the RHS of a MATCH operator.
-**
-** If Fts3Expr.eType is either FTSQUERY_NEAR or FTSQUERY_PHRASE and isLoaded
-** is true, then aDoclist points to a malloced buffer, size nDoclist bytes, 
-** containing the results of the NEAR or phrase query in FTS3 doclist
-** format. As usual, the initial "Length" field found in doclists stored
-** on disk is omitted from this buffer.
-**
-** Variable pCurrent always points to the start of a docid field within
-** aDoclist. Since the doclist is usually scanned in docid order, this can
-** be used to accelerate seeking to the required docid within the doclist.
-*/
-struct Fts3Expr {
-  int eType;                 /* One of the FTSQUERY_XXX values defined below */
-  int nNear;                 /* Valid if eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR */
-  Fts3Expr *pParent;         /* pParent->pLeft==this or pParent->pRight==this */
-  Fts3Expr *pLeft;           /* Left operand */
-  Fts3Expr *pRight;          /* Right operand */
-  Fts3Phrase *pPhrase;       /* Valid if eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE */
-
-  int isLoaded;              /* True if aDoclist/nDoclist are initialized. */
-  char *aDoclist;            /* Buffer containing doclist */
-  int nDoclist;              /* Size of aDoclist in bytes */
-
-  sqlite3_int64 iCurrent;
-  char *pCurrent;
-};
-
-/*
-** Candidate values for Fts3Query.eType. Note that the order of the first
-** four values is in order of precedence when parsing expressions. For 
-** example, the following:
-**
-**   "a OR b AND c NOT d NEAR e"
-**
-** is equivalent to:
-**
-**   "a OR (b AND (c NOT (d NEAR e)))"
-*/
-#define FTSQUERY_NEAR   1
-#define FTSQUERY_NOT    2
-#define FTSQUERY_AND    3
-#define FTSQUERY_OR     4
-#define FTSQUERY_PHRASE 5
-
-
-/* fts3_init.c */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3DeleteVtab(int, sqlite3_vtab *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitVtab(int, sqlite3*, void*, int, const char*const*, 
-                        sqlite3_vtab **, char **);
-
-/* fts3_write.c */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3UpdateMethod(sqlite3_vtab*,int,sqlite3_value**,sqlite3_int64*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(Fts3Table *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(Fts3Table *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Optimize(Fts3Table *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderNew(Fts3Table *,int, sqlite3_int64,
-  sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64, const char *, int, Fts3SegReader**);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderPending(Fts3Table*,const char*,int,int,Fts3SegReader**);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree(Fts3Table *, Fts3SegReader *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderIterate(
-  Fts3Table *, Fts3SegReader **, int, Fts3SegFilter *,
-  int (*)(Fts3Table *, void *, char *, int, char *, int),  void *
-);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock(Fts3Table*, sqlite3_int64, char const**, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3AllSegdirs(Fts3Table*, sqlite3_stmt **);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MatchinfoDocsizeLocal(Fts3Cursor*, u32*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MatchinfoDocsizeGlobal(Fts3Cursor*, u32*);
-
-/* Flags allowed as part of the 4th argument to SegmentReaderIterate() */
-#define FTS3_SEGMENT_REQUIRE_POS   0x00000001
-#define FTS3_SEGMENT_IGNORE_EMPTY  0x00000002
-#define FTS3_SEGMENT_COLUMN_FILTER 0x00000004
-#define FTS3_SEGMENT_PREFIX        0x00000008
-
-/* Type passed as 4th argument to SegmentReaderIterate() */
-struct Fts3SegFilter {
-  const char *zTerm;
-  int nTerm;
-  int iCol;
-  int flags;
-};
-
-/* fts3.c */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(char *, sqlite3_int64);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(const char *, sqlite_int64 *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(const char *, int *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(sqlite3_uint64);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Dequote(char *);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Fts3FindPositions(Fts3Expr *, sqlite3_int64, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprLoadDoclist(Fts3Table *, Fts3Expr *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprNearTrim(Fts3Expr *, Fts3Expr *, int);
-
-/* fts3_tokenizer.c */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3Fts3NextToken(const char *, int *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitHashTable(sqlite3 *, Fts3Hash *, const char *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(Fts3Hash *pHash, 
-  const char *, sqlite3_tokenizer **, const char **, char **
-);
-
-/* fts3_snippet.c */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Offsets(sqlite3_context*, Fts3Cursor*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Snippet(sqlite3_context *, Fts3Cursor *, const char *,
-  const char *, const char *, int, int
-);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Matchinfo(sqlite3_context *, Fts3Cursor *);
-
-/* fts3_expr.c */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprParse(sqlite3_tokenizer *, 
-  char **, int, int, const char *, int, Fts3Expr **
-);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(Fts3Expr *);
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprInitTestInterface(sqlite3 *db);
-#endif
-
-#endif /* _FTSINT_H */
-
-/************** End of fts3Int.h *********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in fts3.c ***********************/
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_CORE 
-  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
-#endif
-
-/* 
-** Write a 64-bit variable-length integer to memory starting at p[0].
-** The length of data written will be between 1 and FTS3_VARINT_MAX bytes.
-** The number of bytes written is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(char *p, sqlite_int64 v){
-  unsigned char *q = (unsigned char *) p;
-  sqlite_uint64 vu = v;
-  do{
-    *q++ = (unsigned char) ((vu & 0x7f) | 0x80);
-    vu >>= 7;
-  }while( vu!=0 );
-  q[-1] &= 0x7f;  /* turn off high bit in final byte */
-  assert( q - (unsigned char *)p <= FTS3_VARINT_MAX );
-  return (int) (q - (unsigned char *)p);
-}
-
-/* 
-** Read a 64-bit variable-length integer from memory starting at p[0].
-** Return the number of bytes read, or 0 on error.
-** The value is stored in *v.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(const char *p, sqlite_int64 *v){
-  const unsigned char *q = (const unsigned char *) p;
-  sqlite_uint64 x = 0, y = 1;
-  while( (*q&0x80)==0x80 && q-(unsigned char *)p<FTS3_VARINT_MAX ){
-    x += y * (*q++ & 0x7f);
-    y <<= 7;
-  }
-  x += y * (*q++);
-  *v = (sqlite_int64) x;
-  return (int) (q - (unsigned char *)p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Similar to sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(), except that the output is truncated to a
-** 32-bit integer before it is returned.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(const char *p, int *pi){
- sqlite_int64 i;
- int ret = sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(p, &i);
- *pi = (int) i;
- return ret;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of bytes required to store the value passed as the
-** first argument in varint form.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(sqlite3_uint64 v){
-  int i = 0;
-  do{
-    i++;
-    v >>= 7;
-  }while( v!=0 );
-  return i;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert an SQL-style quoted string into a normal string by removing
-** the quote characters.  The conversion is done in-place.  If the
-** input does not begin with a quote character, then this routine
-** is a no-op.
-**
-** Examples:
-**
-**     "abc"   becomes   abc
-**     'xyz'   becomes   xyz
-**     [pqr]   becomes   pqr
-**     `mno`   becomes   mno
-**
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Dequote(char *z){
-  char quote;                     /* Quote character (if any ) */
-
-  quote = z[0];
-  if( quote=='[' || quote=='\'' || quote=='"' || quote=='`' ){
-    int iIn = 1;                  /* Index of next byte to read from input */
-    int iOut = 0;                 /* Index of next byte to write to output */
-
-    /* If the first byte was a '[', then the close-quote character is a ']' */
-    if( quote=='[' ) quote = ']';  
-
-    while( ALWAYS(z[iIn]) ){
-      if( z[iIn]==quote ){
-        if( z[iIn+1]!=quote ) break;
-        z[iOut++] = quote;
-        iIn += 2;
-      }else{
-        z[iOut++] = z[iIn++];
-      }
-    }
-    z[iOut] = '\0';
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Read a single varint from the doclist at *pp and advance *pp to point
-** to the next element of the varlist.  Add the value of the varint
-** to *pVal.
-*/
-static void fts3GetDeltaVarint(char **pp, sqlite3_int64 *pVal){
-  sqlite3_int64 iVal;
-  *pp += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(*pp, &iVal);
-  *pVal += iVal;
-}
-
-/*
-** As long as *pp has not reached its end (pEnd), then do the same
-** as fts3GetDeltaVarint(): read a single varint and add it to *pVal.
-** But if we have reached the end of the varint, just set *pp=0 and
-** leave *pVal unchanged.
-*/
-static void fts3GetDeltaVarint2(char **pp, char *pEnd, sqlite3_int64 *pVal){
-  if( *pp>=pEnd ){
-    *pp = 0;
-  }else{
-    fts3GetDeltaVarint(pp, pVal);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The xDisconnect() virtual table method.
-*/
-static int fts3DisconnectMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
-  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table *)pVtab;
-  int i;
-
-  assert( p->nPendingData==0 );
-
-  /* Free any prepared statements held */
-  for(i=0; i<SizeofArray(p->aStmt); i++){
-    sqlite3_finalize(p->aStmt[i]);
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<p->nLeavesStmt; i++){
-    sqlite3_finalize(p->aLeavesStmt[i]);
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(p->zSelectLeaves);
-  sqlite3_free(p->aLeavesStmt);
-
-  /* Invoke the tokenizer destructor to free the tokenizer. */
-  p->pTokenizer->pModule->xDestroy(p->pTokenizer);
-
-  sqlite3_free(p);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Construct one or more SQL statements from the format string given
-** and then evaluate those statements.  The success code is writting
-** into *pRc.
-**
-** If *pRc is initially non-zero then this routine is a no-op.
-*/
-void fts3DbExec(
-  int *pRc,              /* Success code */
-  sqlite3 *db,           /* Database in which to run SQL */
-  const char *zFormat,   /* Format string for SQL */
-  ...                    /* Arguments to the format string */
-){
-  va_list ap;
-  char *zSql;
-  if( *pRc ) return;
-  va_start(ap, zFormat);
-  zSql = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  if( zSql==0 ){
-    *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else{
-    *pRc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_free(zSql);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The xDestroy() virtual table method.
-*/
-static int fts3DestroyMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;              /* Return code */
-  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table *)pVtab;
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-
-  /* Drop the shadow tables */
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_content'", p->zDb, p->zName);
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_segments'", p->zDb,p->zName);
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_segdir'", p->zDb, p->zName);
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_docsize'", p->zDb, p->zName);
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_stat'", p->zDb, p->zName);
-
-  /* If everything has worked, invoke fts3DisconnectMethod() to free the
-  ** memory associated with the Fts3Table structure and return SQLITE_OK.
-  ** Otherwise, return an SQLite error code.
-  */
-  return (rc==SQLITE_OK ? fts3DisconnectMethod(pVtab) : rc);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Invoke sqlite3_declare_vtab() to declare the schema for the FTS3 table
-** passed as the first argument. This is done as part of the xConnect()
-** and xCreate() methods.
-*/
-static int fts3DeclareVtab(Fts3Table *p){
-  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-  int rc;                         /* Return code */
-  char *zSql;                     /* SQL statement passed to declare_vtab() */
-  char *zCols;                    /* List of user defined columns */
-
-  /* Create a list of user columns for the virtual table */
-  zCols = sqlite3_mprintf("%Q, ", p->azColumn[0]);
-  for(i=1; zCols && i<p->nColumn; i++){
-    zCols = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%Q, ", zCols, p->azColumn[i]);
-  }
-
-  /* Create the whole "CREATE TABLE" statement to pass to SQLite */
-  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-      "CREATE TABLE x(%s %Q HIDDEN, docid HIDDEN)", zCols, p->zName
-  );
-
-  if( !zCols || !zSql ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(p->db, zSql);
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_free(zSql);
-  sqlite3_free(zCols);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Create the backing store tables (%_content, %_segments and %_segdir)
-** required by the FTS3 table passed as the only argument. This is done
-** as part of the vtab xCreate() method.
-*/
-static int fts3CreateTables(Fts3Table *p){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-  char *zContentCols;             /* Columns of %_content table */
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;            /* The database connection */
-
-  /* Create a list of user columns for the content table */
-  if( p->bHasContent ){
-    zContentCols = sqlite3_mprintf("docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY");
-    for(i=0; zContentCols && i<p->nColumn; i++){
-      char *z = p->azColumn[i];
-      zContentCols = sqlite3_mprintf("%z, 'c%d%q'", zContentCols, i, z);
-    }
-    if( zContentCols==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-
-    /* Create the content table */
-    fts3DbExec(&rc, db, 
-       "CREATE TABLE %Q.'%q_content'(%s)",
-       p->zDb, p->zName, zContentCols
-    );
-    sqlite3_free(zContentCols);
-  }
-  /* Create other tables */
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, 
-      "CREATE TABLE %Q.'%q_segments'(blockid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, block BLOB);",
-      p->zDb, p->zName
-  );
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, 
-      "CREATE TABLE %Q.'%q_segdir'("
-        "level INTEGER,"
-        "idx INTEGER,"
-        "start_block INTEGER,"
-        "leaves_end_block INTEGER,"
-        "end_block INTEGER,"
-        "root BLOB,"
-        "PRIMARY KEY(level, idx)"
-      ");",
-      p->zDb, p->zName
-  );
-  if( p->bHasDocsize ){
-    fts3DbExec(&rc, db, 
-        "CREATE TABLE %Q.'%q_docsize'(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, size BLOB);",
-        p->zDb, p->zName
-    );
-    fts3DbExec(&rc, db, 
-        "CREATE TABLE %Q.'%q_stat'(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value BLOB);",
-        p->zDb, p->zName
-    );
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** An sqlite3_exec() callback for fts3TableExists.
-*/
-static int fts3TableExistsCallback(void *pArg, int n, char **pp1, char **pp2){
-  *(int*)pArg = 1;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Determine if a table currently exists in the database.
-*/
-static void fts3TableExists(
-  int *pRc,             /* Success code */
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* The database connection to test */
-  const char *zDb,      /* ATTACHed database within the connection */
-  const char *zName,    /* Name of the FTS3 table */
-  const char *zSuffix,  /* Shadow table extension */
-  u8 *pResult           /* Write results here */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int res = 0;
-  char *zSql;
-  if( *pRc ) return;
-  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-    "SELECT 1 FROM %Q.sqlite_master WHERE name='%q%s'",
-    zDb, zName, zSuffix
-  );    
-  rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, fts3TableExistsCallback, &res, 0);
-  sqlite3_free(zSql);
-  *pResult = res & 0xff;
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_ABORT ) *pRc = rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is the implementation of both the xConnect and xCreate
-** methods of the FTS3 virtual table.
-**
-** The argv[] array contains the following:
-**
-**   argv[0]   -> module name
-**   argv[1]   -> database name
-**   argv[2]   -> table name
-**   argv[...] -> "column name" and other module argument fields.
-*/
-static int fts3InitVtab(
-  int isCreate,                   /* True for xCreate, false for xConnect */
-  sqlite3 *db,                    /* The SQLite database connection */
-  void *pAux,                     /* Hash table containing tokenizers */
-  int argc,                       /* Number of elements in argv array */
-  const char * const *argv,       /* xCreate/xConnect argument array */
-  sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab,          /* Write the resulting vtab structure here */
-  char **pzErr                    /* Write any error message here */
-){
-  Fts3Hash *pHash = (Fts3Hash *)pAux;
-  Fts3Table *p;                   /* Pointer to allocated vtab */
-  int rc;                         /* Return code */
-  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-  int nByte;                      /* Size of allocation used for *p */
-  int iCol;
-  int nString = 0;
-  int nCol = 0;
-  char *zCsr;
-  int nDb;
-  int nName;
-
-  const char *zTokenizer = 0;               /* Name of tokenizer to use */
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer = 0;        /* Tokenizer for this table */
-
-  nDb = (int)strlen(argv[1]) + 1;
-  nName = (int)strlen(argv[2]) + 1;
-  for(i=3; i<argc; i++){
-    char const *z = argv[i];
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(pHash, z, &pTokenizer, &zTokenizer, pzErr);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    if( z!=zTokenizer ){
-      nString += (int)(strlen(z) + 1);
-    }
-  }
-  nCol = argc - 3 - (zTokenizer!=0);
-  if( zTokenizer==0 ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(pHash, 0, &pTokenizer, 0, pzErr);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    assert( pTokenizer );
-  }
-
-  if( nCol==0 ){
-    nCol = 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Allocate and populate the Fts3Table structure. */
-  nByte = sizeof(Fts3Table) +              /* Fts3Table */
-          nCol * sizeof(char *) +              /* azColumn */
-          nName +                              /* zName */
-          nDb +                                /* zDb */
-          nString;                             /* Space for azColumn strings */
-  p = (Fts3Table*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
-  if( p==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    goto fts3_init_out;
-  }
-  memset(p, 0, nByte);
-
-  p->db = db;
-  p->nColumn = nCol;
-  p->nPendingData = 0;
-  p->azColumn = (char **)&p[1];
-  p->pTokenizer = pTokenizer;
-  p->nNodeSize = 1000;
-  p->nMaxPendingData = FTS3_MAX_PENDING_DATA;
-  zCsr = (char *)&p->azColumn[nCol];
-
-  fts3HashInit(&p->pendingTerms, FTS3_HASH_STRING, 1);
-
-  /* Fill in the zName and zDb fields of the vtab structure. */
-  p->zName = zCsr;
-  memcpy(zCsr, argv[2], nName);
-  zCsr += nName;
-  p->zDb = zCsr;
-  memcpy(zCsr, argv[1], nDb);
-  zCsr += nDb;
-
-  /* Fill in the azColumn array */
-  iCol = 0;
-  for(i=3; i<argc; i++){
-    if( argv[i]!=zTokenizer ){
-      char *z; 
-      int n;
-      z = (char *)sqlite3Fts3NextToken(argv[i], &n);
-      memcpy(zCsr, z, n);
-      zCsr[n] = '\0';
-      sqlite3Fts3Dequote(zCsr);
-      p->azColumn[iCol++] = zCsr;
-      zCsr += n+1;
-      assert( zCsr <= &((char *)p)[nByte] );
-    }
-  }
-  if( iCol==0 ){
-    assert( nCol==1 );
-    p->azColumn[0] = "content";
-  }
-
-  /* If this is an xCreate call, create the underlying tables in the 
-  ** database. TODO: For xConnect(), it could verify that said tables exist.
-  */
-  if( isCreate ){
-    p->bHasContent = 1;
-    p->bHasDocsize = argv[0][3]=='4';
-    rc = fts3CreateTables(p);
-  }else{
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    fts3TableExists(&rc, db, argv[1], argv[2], "_content", &p->bHasContent);
-    fts3TableExists(&rc, db, argv[1], argv[2], "_docsize", &p->bHasDocsize);
-  }
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto fts3_init_out;
-
-  rc = fts3DeclareVtab(p);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto fts3_init_out;
-
-  *ppVTab = &p->base;
-
-fts3_init_out:
-  assert( p || (pTokenizer && rc!=SQLITE_OK) );
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( p ){
-      fts3DisconnectMethod((sqlite3_vtab *)p);
-    }else{
-      pTokenizer->pModule->xDestroy(pTokenizer);
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The xConnect() and xCreate() methods for the virtual table. All the
-** work is done in function fts3InitVtab().
-*/
-static int fts3ConnectMethod(
-  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database connection */
-  void *pAux,                     /* Pointer to tokenizer hash table */
-  int argc,                       /* Number of elements in argv array */
-  const char * const *argv,       /* xCreate/xConnect argument array */
-  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,          /* OUT: New sqlite3_vtab object */
-  char **pzErr                    /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc'd error message */
-){
-  return fts3InitVtab(0, db, pAux, argc, argv, ppVtab, pzErr);
-}
-static int fts3CreateMethod(
-  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database connection */
-  void *pAux,                     /* Pointer to tokenizer hash table */
-  int argc,                       /* Number of elements in argv array */
-  const char * const *argv,       /* xCreate/xConnect argument array */
-  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,          /* OUT: New sqlite3_vtab object */
-  char **pzErr                    /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc'd error message */
-){
-  return fts3InitVtab(1, db, pAux, argc, argv, ppVtab, pzErr);
-}
-
-/* 
-** Implementation of the xBestIndex method for FTS3 tables. There
-** are three possible strategies, in order of preference:
-**
-**   1. Direct lookup by rowid or docid. 
-**   2. Full-text search using a MATCH operator on a non-docid column.
-**   3. Linear scan of %_content table.
-*/
-static int fts3BestIndexMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info *pInfo){
-  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table *)pVTab;
-  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-  int iCons = -1;                 /* Index of constraint to use */
-
-  /* By default use a full table scan. This is an expensive option,
-  ** so search through the constraints to see if a more efficient 
-  ** strategy is possible.
-  */
-  pInfo->idxNum = FTS3_FULLSCAN_SEARCH;
-  pInfo->estimatedCost = 500000;
-  for(i=0; i<pInfo->nConstraint; i++){
-    struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pCons = &pInfo->aConstraint[i];
-    if( pCons->usable==0 ) continue;
-
-    /* A direct lookup on the rowid or docid column. Assign a cost of 1.0. */
-    if( pCons->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ 
-     && (pCons->iColumn<0 || pCons->iColumn==p->nColumn+1 )
-    ){
-      pInfo->idxNum = FTS3_DOCID_SEARCH;
-      pInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0;
-      iCons = i;
-    }
-
-    /* A MATCH constraint. Use a full-text search.
-    **
-    ** If there is more than one MATCH constraint available, use the first
-    ** one encountered. If there is both a MATCH constraint and a direct
-    ** rowid/docid lookup, prefer the MATCH strategy. This is done even 
-    ** though the rowid/docid lookup is faster than a MATCH query, selecting
-    ** it would lead to an "unable to use function MATCH in the requested 
-    ** context" error.
-    */
-    if( pCons->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 
-     && pCons->iColumn>=0 && pCons->iColumn<=p->nColumn
-    ){
-      pInfo->idxNum = FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH + pCons->iColumn;
-      pInfo->estimatedCost = 2.0;
-      iCons = i;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( iCons>=0 ){
-    pInfo->aConstraintUsage[iCons].argvIndex = 1;
-    pInfo->aConstraintUsage[iCons].omit = 1;
-  } 
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of xOpen method.
-*/
-static int fts3OpenMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCsr){
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCsr;               /* Allocated cursor */
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVTab);
-
-  /* Allocate a buffer large enough for an Fts3Cursor structure. If the
-  ** allocation succeeds, zero it and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, 
-  ** if the allocation fails, return SQLITE_NOMEM.
-  */
-  *ppCsr = pCsr = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts3Cursor));
-  if( !pCsr ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(Fts3Cursor));
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close the cursor.  For additional information see the documentation
-** on the xClose method of the virtual table interface.
-*/
-static int fulltextClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr = (Fts3Cursor *)pCursor;
-  sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pStmt);
-  sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pCsr->pExpr);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aDoclist);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aMatchinfo);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-static int fts3CursorSeek(sqlite3_context *pContext, Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
-  if( pCsr->isRequireSeek ){
-    pCsr->isRequireSeek = 0;
-    sqlite3_bind_int64(pCsr->pStmt, 1, pCsr->iPrevId);
-    if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pCsr->pStmt) ){
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }else{
-      int rc = sqlite3_reset(pCsr->pStmt);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        /* If no row was found and no error has occured, then the %_content
-        ** table is missing a row that is present in the full-text index.
-        ** The data structures are corrupt.
-        */
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT;
-      }
-      pCsr->isEof = 1;
-      if( pContext ){
-        sqlite3_result_error_code(pContext, rc);
-      }
-      return rc;
-    }
-  }else{
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-}
-
-static int fts3NextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr = (Fts3Cursor *)pCursor;
-
-  if( pCsr->aDoclist==0 ){
-    if( SQLITE_ROW!=sqlite3_step(pCsr->pStmt) ){
-      pCsr->isEof = 1;
-      rc = sqlite3_reset(pCsr->pStmt);
-    }
-  }else if( pCsr->pNextId>=&pCsr->aDoclist[pCsr->nDoclist] ){
-    pCsr->isEof = 1;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_reset(pCsr->pStmt);
-    fts3GetDeltaVarint(&pCsr->pNextId, &pCsr->iPrevId);
-    pCsr->isRequireSeek = 1;
-    pCsr->isMatchinfoNeeded = 1;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** The buffer pointed to by argument zNode (size nNode bytes) contains the
-** root node of a b-tree segment. The segment is guaranteed to be at least
-** one level high (i.e. the root node is not also a leaf). If successful,
-** this function locates the leaf node of the segment that may contain the 
-** term specified by arguments zTerm and nTerm and writes its block number 
-** to *piLeaf.
-**
-** It is possible that the returned leaf node does not contain the specified
-** term. However, if the segment does contain said term, it is stored on
-** the identified leaf node. Because this function only inspects interior
-** segment nodes (and never loads leaf nodes into memory), it is not possible
-** to be sure.
-**
-** If an error occurs, an error code other than SQLITE_OK is returned.
-*/ 
-static int fts3SelectLeaf(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  const char *zTerm,              /* Term to select leaves for */
-  int nTerm,                      /* Size of term zTerm in bytes */
-  const char *zNode,              /* Buffer containing segment interior node */
-  int nNode,                      /* Size of buffer at zNode */
-  sqlite3_int64 *piLeaf           /* Selected leaf node */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-  const char *zCsr = zNode;       /* Cursor to iterate through node */
-  const char *zEnd = &zCsr[nNode];/* End of interior node buffer */
-  char *zBuffer = 0;              /* Buffer to load terms into */
-  int nAlloc = 0;                 /* Size of allocated buffer */
-
-  while( 1 ){
-    int isFirstTerm = 1;          /* True when processing first term on page */
-    int iHeight;                  /* Height of this node in tree */
-    sqlite3_int64 iChild;         /* Block id of child node to descend to */
-    int nBlock;                   /* Size of child node in bytes */
-
-    zCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(zCsr, &iHeight);
-    zCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(zCsr, &iChild);
-  
-    while( zCsr<zEnd ){
-      int cmp;                    /* memcmp() result */
-      int nSuffix;                /* Size of term suffix */
-      int nPrefix = 0;            /* Size of term prefix */
-      int nBuffer;                /* Total term size */
-  
-      /* Load the next term on the node into zBuffer */
-      if( !isFirstTerm ){
-        zCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(zCsr, &nPrefix);
-      }
-      isFirstTerm = 0;
-      zCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(zCsr, &nSuffix);
-      if( nPrefix+nSuffix>nAlloc ){
-        char *zNew;
-        nAlloc = (nPrefix+nSuffix) * 2;
-        zNew = (char *)sqlite3_realloc(zBuffer, nAlloc);
-        if( !zNew ){
-          sqlite3_free(zBuffer);
-          return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        }
-        zBuffer = zNew;
-      }
-      memcpy(&zBuffer[nPrefix], zCsr, nSuffix);
-      nBuffer = nPrefix + nSuffix;
-      zCsr += nSuffix;
-  
-      /* Compare the term we are searching for with the term just loaded from
-      ** the interior node. If the specified term is greater than or equal
-      ** to the term from the interior node, then all terms on the sub-tree 
-      ** headed by node iChild are smaller than zTerm. No need to search 
-      ** iChild.
-      **
-      ** If the interior node term is larger than the specified term, then
-      ** the tree headed by iChild may contain the specified term.
-      */
-      cmp = memcmp(zTerm, zBuffer, (nBuffer>nTerm ? nTerm : nBuffer));
-      if( cmp<0 || (cmp==0 && nBuffer>nTerm) ) break;
-      iChild++;
-    };
-
-    /* If (iHeight==1), the children of this interior node are leaves. The
-    ** specified term may be present on leaf node iChild.
-    */
-    if( iHeight==1 ){
-      *piLeaf = iChild;
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /* Descend to interior node iChild. */
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock(p, iChild, &zCsr, &nBlock);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
-    zEnd = &zCsr[nBlock];
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(zBuffer);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is used to create delta-encoded serialized lists of FTS3 
-** varints. Each call to this function appends a single varint to a list.
-*/
-static void fts3PutDeltaVarint(
-  char **pp,                      /* IN/OUT: Output pointer */
-  sqlite3_int64 *piPrev,          /* IN/OUT: Previous value written to list */
-  sqlite3_int64 iVal              /* Write this value to the list */
-){
-  assert( iVal-*piPrev > 0 || (*piPrev==0 && iVal==0) );
-  *pp += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(*pp, iVal-*piPrev);
-  *piPrev = iVal;
-}
-
-/*
-** When this function is called, *ppPoslist is assumed to point to the 
-** start of a position-list. After it returns, *ppPoslist points to the
-** first byte after the position-list.
-**
-** If pp is not NULL, then the contents of the position list are copied
-** to *pp. *pp is set to point to the first byte past the last byte copied
-** before this function returns.
-*/
-static void fts3PoslistCopy(char **pp, char **ppPoslist){
-  char *pEnd = *ppPoslist;
-  char c = 0;
-
-  /* The end of a position list is marked by a zero encoded as an FTS3 
-  ** varint. A single 0x00 byte. Except, if the 0x00 byte is preceded by
-  ** a byte with the 0x80 bit set, then it is not a varint 0, but the tail
-  ** of some other, multi-byte, value.
-  **
-  ** The following block moves pEnd to point to the first byte that is not 
-  ** immediately preceded by a byte with the 0x80 bit set. Then increments
-  ** pEnd once more so that it points to the byte immediately following the
-  ** last byte in the position-list.
-  */
-  while( *pEnd | c ) c = *pEnd++ & 0x80;
-  pEnd++;
-
-  if( pp ){
-    int n = (int)(pEnd - *ppPoslist);
-    char *p = *pp;
-    memcpy(p, *ppPoslist, n);
-    p += n;
-    *pp = p;
-  }
-  *ppPoslist = pEnd;
-}
-
-static void fts3ColumnlistCopy(char **pp, char **ppPoslist){
-  char *pEnd = *ppPoslist;
-  char c = 0;
-
-  /* A column-list is terminated by either a 0x01 or 0x00. */
-  while( 0xFE & (*pEnd | c) ) c = *pEnd++ & 0x80;
-  if( pp ){
-    int n = (int)(pEnd - *ppPoslist);
-    char *p = *pp;
-    memcpy(p, *ppPoslist, n);
-    p += n;
-    *pp = p;
-  }
-  *ppPoslist = pEnd;
-}
-
-/*
-** Value used to signify the end of an offset-list. This is safe because
-** it is not possible to have a document with 2^31 terms.
-*/
-#define OFFSET_LIST_END 0x7fffffff
-
-/*
-** This function is used to help parse offset-lists. When this function is
-** called, *pp may point to the start of the next varint in the offset-list
-** being parsed, or it may point to 1 byte past the end of the offset-list
-** (in which case **pp will be 0x00 or 0x01).
-**
-** If *pp points past the end of the current offset list, set *pi to 
-** OFFSET_LIST_END and return. Otherwise, read the next varint from *pp,
-** increment the current value of *pi by the value read, and set *pp to
-** point to the next value before returning.
-*/
-static void fts3ReadNextPos(
-  char **pp,                      /* IN/OUT: Pointer into offset-list buffer */
-  sqlite3_int64 *pi               /* IN/OUT: Value read from offset-list */
-){
-  if( **pp&0xFE ){
-    fts3GetDeltaVarint(pp, pi);
-    *pi -= 2;
-  }else{
-    *pi = OFFSET_LIST_END;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** If parameter iCol is not 0, write an 0x01 byte followed by the value of
-** iCol encoded as a varint to *pp. 
-**
-** Set *pp to point to the byte just after the last byte written before 
-** returning (do not modify it if iCol==0). Return the total number of bytes
-** written (0 if iCol==0).
-*/
-static int fts3PutColNumber(char **pp, int iCol){
-  int n = 0;                      /* Number of bytes written */
-  if( iCol ){
-    char *p = *pp;                /* Output pointer */
-    n = 1 + sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&p[1], iCol);
-    *p = 0x01;
-    *pp = &p[n];
-  }
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-**
-*/
-static void fts3PoslistMerge(
-  char **pp,                      /* Output buffer */
-  char **pp1,                     /* Left input list */
-  char **pp2                      /* Right input list */
-){
-  char *p = *pp;
-  char *p1 = *pp1;
-  char *p2 = *pp2;
-
-  while( *p1 || *p2 ){
-    int iCol1;
-    int iCol2;
-
-    if( *p1==0x01 ) sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(&p1[1], &iCol1);
-    else if( *p1==0x00 ) iCol1 = OFFSET_LIST_END;
-    else iCol1 = 0;
-
-    if( *p2==0x01 ) sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(&p2[1], &iCol2);
-    else if( *p2==0x00 ) iCol2 = OFFSET_LIST_END;
-    else iCol2 = 0;
-
-    if( iCol1==iCol2 ){
-      sqlite3_int64 i1 = 0;
-      sqlite3_int64 i2 = 0;
-      sqlite3_int64 iPrev = 0;
-      int n = fts3PutColNumber(&p, iCol1);
-      p1 += n;
-      p2 += n;
-
-      /* At this point, both p1 and p2 point to the start of offset-lists.
-      ** An offset-list is a list of non-negative delta-encoded varints, each 
-      ** incremented by 2 before being stored. Each list is terminated by a 0 
-      ** or 1 value (0x00 or 0x01). The following block merges the two lists
-      ** and writes the results to buffer p. p is left pointing to the byte
-      ** after the list written. No terminator (0x00 or 0x01) is written to
-      ** the output.
-      */
-      fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p1, &i1);
-      fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p2, &i2);
-      do {
-        fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, (i1<i2) ? i1 : i2); 
-        iPrev -= 2;
-        if( i1==i2 ){
-          fts3ReadNextPos(&p1, &i1);
-          fts3ReadNextPos(&p2, &i2);
-        }else if( i1<i2 ){
-          fts3ReadNextPos(&p1, &i1);
-        }else{
-          fts3ReadNextPos(&p2, &i2);
-        }
-      }while( i1!=OFFSET_LIST_END || i2!=OFFSET_LIST_END );
-    }else if( iCol1<iCol2 ){
-      p1 += fts3PutColNumber(&p, iCol1);
-      fts3ColumnlistCopy(&p, &p1);
-    }else{
-      p2 += fts3PutColNumber(&p, iCol2);
-      fts3ColumnlistCopy(&p, &p2);
-    }
-  }
-
-  *p++ = '\0';
-  *pp = p;
-  *pp1 = p1 + 1;
-  *pp2 = p2 + 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** nToken==1 searches for adjacent positions.
-*/
-static int fts3PoslistPhraseMerge(
-  char **pp,                      /* Output buffer */
-  int nToken,                     /* Maximum difference in token positions */
-  int isSaveLeft,                 /* Save the left position */
-  char **pp1,                     /* Left input list */
-  char **pp2                      /* Right input list */
-){
-  char *p = (pp ? *pp : 0);
-  char *p1 = *pp1;
-  char *p2 = *pp2;
-
-  int iCol1 = 0;
-  int iCol2 = 0;
-  assert( *p1!=0 && *p2!=0 );
-  if( *p1==0x01 ){ 
-    p1++;
-    p1 += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(p1, &iCol1);
-  }
-  if( *p2==0x01 ){ 
-    p2++;
-    p2 += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(p2, &iCol2);
-  }
-
-  while( 1 ){
-    if( iCol1==iCol2 ){
-      char *pSave = p;
-      sqlite3_int64 iPrev = 0;
-      sqlite3_int64 iPos1 = 0;
-      sqlite3_int64 iPos2 = 0;
-
-      if( pp && iCol1 ){
-        *p++ = 0x01;
-        p += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(p, iCol1);
-      }
-
-      assert( *p1!=0x00 && *p2!=0x00 && *p1!=0x01 && *p2!=0x01 );
-      fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p1, &iPos1); iPos1 -= 2;
-      fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p2, &iPos2); iPos2 -= 2;
-
-      while( 1 ){
-        if( iPos2>iPos1 && iPos2<=iPos1+nToken ){
-          sqlite3_int64 iSave;
-          if( !pp ){
-            fts3PoslistCopy(0, &p2);
-            fts3PoslistCopy(0, &p1);
-            *pp1 = p1;
-            *pp2 = p2;
-            return 1;
-          }
-          iSave = isSaveLeft ? iPos1 : iPos2;
-          fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, iSave+2); iPrev -= 2;
-          pSave = 0;
-        }
-        if( (!isSaveLeft && iPos2<=(iPos1+nToken)) || iPos2<=iPos1 ){
-          if( (*p2&0xFE)==0 ) break;
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p2, &iPos2); iPos2 -= 2;
-        }else{
-          if( (*p1&0xFE)==0 ) break;
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p1, &iPos1); iPos1 -= 2;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if( pSave ){
-        assert( pp && p );
-        p = pSave;
-      }
-
-      fts3ColumnlistCopy(0, &p1);
-      fts3ColumnlistCopy(0, &p2);
-      assert( (*p1&0xFE)==0 && (*p2&0xFE)==0 );
-      if( 0==*p1 || 0==*p2 ) break;
-
-      p1++;
-      p1 += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(p1, &iCol1);
-      p2++;
-      p2 += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(p2, &iCol2);
-    }
-
-    /* Advance pointer p1 or p2 (whichever corresponds to the smaller of
-    ** iCol1 and iCol2) so that it points to either the 0x00 that marks the
-    ** end of the position list, or the 0x01 that precedes the next 
-    ** column-number in the position list. 
-    */
-    else if( iCol1<iCol2 ){
-      fts3ColumnlistCopy(0, &p1);
-      if( 0==*p1 ) break;
-      p1++;
-      p1 += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(p1, &iCol1);
-    }else{
-      fts3ColumnlistCopy(0, &p2);
-      if( 0==*p2 ) break;
-      p2++;
-      p2 += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(p2, &iCol2);
-    }
-  }
-
-  fts3PoslistCopy(0, &p2);
-  fts3PoslistCopy(0, &p1);
-  *pp1 = p1;
-  *pp2 = p2;
-  if( !pp || *pp==p ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  *p++ = 0x00;
-  *pp = p;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Merge two position-lists as required by the NEAR operator.
-*/
-static int fts3PoslistNearMerge(
-  char **pp,                      /* Output buffer */
-  char *aTmp,                     /* Temporary buffer space */
-  int nRight,                     /* Maximum difference in token positions */
-  int nLeft,                      /* Maximum difference in token positions */
-  char **pp1,                     /* IN/OUT: Left input list */
-  char **pp2                      /* IN/OUT: Right input list */
-){
-  char *p1 = *pp1;
-  char *p2 = *pp2;
-
-  if( !pp ){
-    if( fts3PoslistPhraseMerge(0, nRight, 0, pp1, pp2) ) return 1;
-    *pp1 = p1;
-    *pp2 = p2;
-    return fts3PoslistPhraseMerge(0, nLeft, 0, pp2, pp1);
-  }else{
-    char *pTmp1 = aTmp;
-    char *pTmp2;
-    char *aTmp2;
-    int res = 1;
-
-    fts3PoslistPhraseMerge(&pTmp1, nRight, 0, pp1, pp2);
-    aTmp2 = pTmp2 = pTmp1;
-    *pp1 = p1;
-    *pp2 = p2;
-    fts3PoslistPhraseMerge(&pTmp2, nLeft, 1, pp2, pp1);
-    if( pTmp1!=aTmp && pTmp2!=aTmp2 ){
-      fts3PoslistMerge(pp, &aTmp, &aTmp2);
-    }else if( pTmp1!=aTmp ){
-      fts3PoslistCopy(pp, &aTmp);
-    }else if( pTmp2!=aTmp2 ){
-      fts3PoslistCopy(pp, &aTmp2);
-    }else{
-      res = 0;
-    }
-
-    return res;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Values that may be used as the first parameter to fts3DoclistMerge().
-*/
-#define MERGE_NOT        2        /* D + D -> D */
-#define MERGE_AND        3        /* D + D -> D */
-#define MERGE_OR         4        /* D + D -> D */
-#define MERGE_POS_OR     5        /* P + P -> P */
-#define MERGE_PHRASE     6        /* P + P -> D */
-#define MERGE_POS_PHRASE 7        /* P + P -> P */
-#define MERGE_NEAR       8        /* P + P -> D */
-#define MERGE_POS_NEAR   9        /* P + P -> P */
-
-/*
-** Merge the two doclists passed in buffer a1 (size n1 bytes) and a2
-** (size n2 bytes). The output is written to pre-allocated buffer aBuffer,
-** which is guaranteed to be large enough to hold the results. The number
-** of bytes written to aBuffer is stored in *pnBuffer before returning.
-**
-** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, if a malloc error
-** occurs while allocating a temporary buffer as part of the merge operation,
-** SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
-*/
-static int fts3DoclistMerge(
-  int mergetype,                  /* One of the MERGE_XXX constants */
-  int nParam1,                    /* Used by MERGE_NEAR and MERGE_POS_NEAR */
-  int nParam2,                    /* Used by MERGE_NEAR and MERGE_POS_NEAR */
-  char *aBuffer,                  /* Pre-allocated output buffer */
-  int *pnBuffer,                  /* OUT: Bytes written to aBuffer */
-  char *a1,                       /* Buffer containing first doclist */
-  int n1,                         /* Size of buffer a1 */
-  char *a2,                       /* Buffer containing second doclist */
-  int n2                          /* Size of buffer a2 */
-){
-  sqlite3_int64 i1 = 0;
-  sqlite3_int64 i2 = 0;
-  sqlite3_int64 iPrev = 0;
-
-  char *p = aBuffer;
-  char *p1 = a1;
-  char *p2 = a2;
-  char *pEnd1 = &a1[n1];
-  char *pEnd2 = &a2[n2];
-
-  assert( mergetype==MERGE_OR     || mergetype==MERGE_POS_OR 
-       || mergetype==MERGE_AND    || mergetype==MERGE_NOT
-       || mergetype==MERGE_PHRASE || mergetype==MERGE_POS_PHRASE
-       || mergetype==MERGE_NEAR   || mergetype==MERGE_POS_NEAR
-  );
-
-  if( !aBuffer ){
-    *pnBuffer = 0;
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  /* Read the first docid from each doclist */
-  fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p1, pEnd1, &i1);
-  fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p2, pEnd2, &i2);
-
-  switch( mergetype ){
-    case MERGE_OR:
-    case MERGE_POS_OR:
-      while( p1 || p2 ){
-        if( p2 && p1 && i1==i2 ){
-          fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, i1);
-          if( mergetype==MERGE_POS_OR ) fts3PoslistMerge(&p, &p1, &p2);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p1, pEnd1, &i1);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p2, pEnd2, &i2);
-        }else if( !p2 || (p1 && i1<i2) ){
-          fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, i1);
-          if( mergetype==MERGE_POS_OR ) fts3PoslistCopy(&p, &p1);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p1, pEnd1, &i1);
-        }else{
-          fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, i2);
-          if( mergetype==MERGE_POS_OR ) fts3PoslistCopy(&p, &p2);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p2, pEnd2, &i2);
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-
-    case MERGE_AND:
-      while( p1 && p2 ){
-        if( i1==i2 ){
-          fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, i1);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p1, pEnd1, &i1);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p2, pEnd2, &i2);
-        }else if( i1<i2 ){
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p1, pEnd1, &i1);
-        }else{
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p2, pEnd2, &i2);
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-
-    case MERGE_NOT:
-      while( p1 ){
-        if( p2 && i1==i2 ){
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p1, pEnd1, &i1);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p2, pEnd2, &i2);
-        }else if( !p2 || i1<i2 ){
-          fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, i1);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p1, pEnd1, &i1);
-        }else{
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p2, pEnd2, &i2);
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-
-    case MERGE_POS_PHRASE:
-    case MERGE_PHRASE: {
-      char **ppPos = (mergetype==MERGE_PHRASE ? 0 : &p);
-      while( p1 && p2 ){
-        if( i1==i2 ){
-          char *pSave = p;
-          sqlite3_int64 iPrevSave = iPrev;
-          fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, i1);
-          if( 0==fts3PoslistPhraseMerge(ppPos, 1, 0, &p1, &p2) ){
-            p = pSave;
-            iPrev = iPrevSave;
-          }
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p1, pEnd1, &i1);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p2, pEnd2, &i2);
-        }else if( i1<i2 ){
-          fts3PoslistCopy(0, &p1);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p1, pEnd1, &i1);
-        }else{
-          fts3PoslistCopy(0, &p2);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p2, pEnd2, &i2);
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-
-    default: assert( mergetype==MERGE_POS_NEAR || mergetype==MERGE_NEAR ); {
-      char *aTmp = 0;
-      char **ppPos = 0;
-      if( mergetype==MERGE_POS_NEAR ){
-        ppPos = &p;
-        aTmp = sqlite3_malloc(2*(n1+n2+1));
-        if( !aTmp ){
-          return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        }
-      }
-
-      while( p1 && p2 ){
-        if( i1==i2 ){
-          char *pSave = p;
-          sqlite3_int64 iPrevSave = iPrev;
-          fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, i1);
-
-          if( !fts3PoslistNearMerge(ppPos, aTmp, nParam1, nParam2, &p1, &p2) ){
-            iPrev = iPrevSave;
-            p = pSave;
-          }
-
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p1, pEnd1, &i1);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p2, pEnd2, &i2);
-        }else if( i1<i2 ){
-          fts3PoslistCopy(0, &p1);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p1, pEnd1, &i1);
-        }else{
-          fts3PoslistCopy(0, &p2);
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint2(&p2, pEnd2, &i2);
-        }
-      }
-      sqlite3_free(aTmp);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  *pnBuffer = (int)(p-aBuffer);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/* 
-** A pointer to an instance of this structure is used as the context 
-** argument to sqlite3Fts3SegReaderIterate()
-*/
-typedef struct TermSelect TermSelect;
-struct TermSelect {
-  int isReqPos;
-  char *aOutput;                  /* Malloc'd output buffer */
-  int nOutput;                    /* Size of output in bytes */
-};
-
-/*
-** This function is used as the sqlite3Fts3SegReaderIterate() callback when
-** querying the full-text index for a doclist associated with a term or
-** term-prefix.
-*/
-static int fts3TermSelectCb(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table object */
-  void *pContext,                 /* Pointer to TermSelect structure */
-  char *zTerm,
-  int nTerm,
-  char *aDoclist,
-  int nDoclist
-){
-  TermSelect *pTS = (TermSelect *)pContext;
-  int nNew = pTS->nOutput + nDoclist;
-  char *aNew = sqlite3_malloc(nNew);
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(p);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(zTerm);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nTerm);
-
-  if( !aNew ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  if( pTS->nOutput==0 ){
-    /* If this is the first term selected, copy the doclist to the output
-    ** buffer using memcpy(). TODO: Add a way to transfer control of the
-    ** aDoclist buffer from the caller so as to avoid the memcpy().
-    */
-    memcpy(aNew, aDoclist, nDoclist);
-  }else{
-    /* The output buffer is not empty. Merge doclist aDoclist with the
-    ** existing output. This can only happen with prefix-searches (as
-    ** searches for exact terms return exactly one doclist).
-    */
-    int mergetype = (pTS->isReqPos ? MERGE_POS_OR : MERGE_OR);
-    fts3DoclistMerge(mergetype, 0, 0,
-        aNew, &nNew, pTS->aOutput, pTS->nOutput, aDoclist, nDoclist
-    );
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_free(pTS->aOutput);
-  pTS->aOutput = aNew;
-  pTS->nOutput = nNew;
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function retreives the doclist for the specified term (or term
-** prefix) from the database. 
-**
-** The returned doclist may be in one of two formats, depending on the 
-** value of parameter isReqPos. If isReqPos is zero, then the doclist is
-** a sorted list of delta-compressed docids. If isReqPos is non-zero, 
-** then the returned list is in the same format as is stored in the
-** database without the found length specifier at the start of on-disk
-** doclists.
-*/
-static int fts3TermSelect(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  int iColumn,                    /* Column to query (or -ve for all columns) */
-  const char *zTerm,              /* Term to query for */
-  int nTerm,                      /* Size of zTerm in bytes */
-  int isPrefix,                   /* True for a prefix search */
-  int isReqPos,                   /* True to include position lists in output */
-  int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppOut */
-  char **ppOut                    /* OUT: Malloced result buffer */
-){
-  int i;
-  TermSelect tsc;
-  Fts3SegFilter filter;           /* Segment term filter configuration */
-  Fts3SegReader **apSegment;      /* Array of segments to read data from */
-  int nSegment = 0;               /* Size of apSegment array */
-  int nAlloc = 16;                /* Allocated size of segment array */
-  int rc;                         /* Return code */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;        /* SQL statement to scan %_segdir table */
-  int iAge = 0;                   /* Used to assign ages to segments */
-
-  apSegment = (Fts3SegReader **)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts3SegReader*)*nAlloc);
-  if( !apSegment ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderPending(p, zTerm, nTerm, isPrefix, &apSegment[0]);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-  if( apSegment[0] ){
-    nSegment = 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Loop through the entire %_segdir table. For each segment, create a
-  ** Fts3SegReader to iterate through the subset of the segment leaves
-  ** that may contain a term that matches zTerm/nTerm. For non-prefix
-  ** searches, this is always a single leaf. For prefix searches, this
-  ** may be a contiguous block of leaves.
-  **
-  ** The code in this loop does not actually load any leaves into memory
-  ** (unless the root node happens to be a leaf). It simply examines the
-  ** b-tree structure to determine which leaves need to be inspected.
-  */
-  rc = sqlite3Fts3AllSegdirs(p, &pStmt);
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==(rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt)) ){
-    Fts3SegReader *pNew = 0;
-    int nRoot = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 4);
-    char const *zRoot = sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 4);
-    if( sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 1)==0 ){
-      /* The entire segment is stored on the root node (which must be a
-      ** leaf). Do not bother inspecting any data in this case, just
-      ** create a Fts3SegReader to scan the single leaf. 
-      */
-      rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderNew(p, iAge, 0, 0, 0, zRoot, nRoot, &pNew);
-    }else{
-      int rc2;                    /* Return value of sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock() */
-      sqlite3_int64 i1;           /* Blockid of leaf that may contain zTerm */
-      rc = fts3SelectLeaf(p, zTerm, nTerm, zRoot, nRoot, &i1);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        sqlite3_int64 i2 = sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 2);
-        rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderNew(p, iAge, i1, i2, 0, 0, 0, &pNew);
-      }
-
-      /* The following call to ReadBlock() serves to reset the SQL statement
-      ** used to retrieve blocks of data from the %_segments table. If it is
-      ** not reset here, then it may remain classified as an active statement 
-      ** by SQLite, which may lead to "DROP TABLE" or "DETACH" commands 
-      ** failing.
-      */ 
-      rc2 = sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock(p, 0, 0, 0);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = rc2;
-      }
-    }
-    iAge++;
-
-    /* If a new Fts3SegReader was allocated, add it to the apSegment array. */
-    assert( pNew!=0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-    if( pNew ){
-      if( nSegment==nAlloc ){
-        Fts3SegReader **pArray;
-        nAlloc += 16;
-        pArray = (Fts3SegReader **)sqlite3_realloc(
-            apSegment, nAlloc*sizeof(Fts3SegReader *)
-        );
-        if( !pArray ){
-          sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree(p, pNew);
-          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-          goto finished;
-        }
-        apSegment = pArray;
-      }
-      apSegment[nSegment++] = pNew;
-    }
-  }
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-    goto finished;
-  }
-
-  memset(&tsc, 0, sizeof(TermSelect));
-  tsc.isReqPos = isReqPos;
-
-  filter.flags = FTS3_SEGMENT_IGNORE_EMPTY 
-        | (isPrefix ? FTS3_SEGMENT_PREFIX : 0)
-        | (isReqPos ? FTS3_SEGMENT_REQUIRE_POS : 0)
-        | (iColumn<p->nColumn ? FTS3_SEGMENT_COLUMN_FILTER : 0);
-  filter.iCol = iColumn;
-  filter.zTerm = zTerm;
-  filter.nTerm = nTerm;
-
-  rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderIterate(p, apSegment, nSegment, &filter,
-      fts3TermSelectCb, (void *)&tsc
-  );
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    *ppOut = tsc.aOutput;
-    *pnOut = tsc.nOutput;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_free(tsc.aOutput);
-  }
-
-finished:
-  sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  for(i=0; i<nSegment; i++){
-    sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree(p, apSegment[i]);
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(apSegment);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/* 
-** Return a DocList corresponding to the phrase *pPhrase.
-*/
-static int fts3PhraseSelect(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  Fts3Phrase *pPhrase,            /* Phrase to return a doclist for */
-  int isReqPos,                   /* True if output should contain positions */
-  char **paOut,                   /* OUT: Pointer to malloc'd result buffer */
-  int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Size of buffer at *paOut */
-){
-  char *pOut = 0;
-  int nOut = 0;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int ii;
-  int iCol = pPhrase->iColumn;
-  int isTermPos = (pPhrase->nToken>1 || isReqPos);
-
-  for(ii=0; ii<pPhrase->nToken; ii++){
-    struct PhraseToken *pTok = &pPhrase->aToken[ii];
-    char *z = pTok->z;            /* Next token of the phrase */
-    int n = pTok->n;              /* Size of z in bytes */
-    int isPrefix = pTok->isPrefix;/* True if token is a prefix */
-    char *pList;                  /* Pointer to token doclist */
-    int nList;                    /* Size of buffer at pList */
-
-    rc = fts3TermSelect(p, iCol, z, n, isPrefix, isTermPos, &nList, &pList);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
-
-    if( ii==0 ){
-      pOut = pList;
-      nOut = nList;
-    }else{
-      /* Merge the new term list and the current output. If this is the
-      ** last term in the phrase, and positions are not required in the
-      ** output of this function, the positions can be dropped as part
-      ** of this merge. Either way, the result of this merge will be
-      ** smaller than nList bytes. The code in fts3DoclistMerge() is written
-      ** so that it is safe to use pList as the output as well as an input
-      ** in this case.
-      */
-      int mergetype = MERGE_POS_PHRASE;
-      if( ii==pPhrase->nToken-1 && !isReqPos ){
-        mergetype = MERGE_PHRASE;
-      }
-      fts3DoclistMerge(mergetype, 0, 0, pList, &nOut, pOut, nOut, pList, nList);
-      sqlite3_free(pOut);
-      pOut = pList;
-    }
-    assert( nOut==0 || pOut!=0 );
-  }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    *paOut = pOut;
-    *pnOut = nOut;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_free(pOut);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-static int fts3NearMerge(
-  int mergetype,                  /* MERGE_POS_NEAR or MERGE_NEAR */
-  int nNear,                      /* Parameter to NEAR operator */
-  int nTokenLeft,                 /* Number of tokens in LHS phrase arg */
-  char *aLeft,                    /* Doclist for LHS (incl. positions) */
-  int nLeft,                      /* Size of LHS doclist in bytes */
-  int nTokenRight,                /* As nTokenLeft */
-  char *aRight,                   /* As aLeft */
-  int nRight,                     /* As nRight */
-  char **paOut,                   /* OUT: Results of merge (malloced) */
-  int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Sized of output buffer */
-){
-  char *aOut;
-  int rc;
-
-  assert( mergetype==MERGE_POS_NEAR || MERGE_NEAR );
-
-  aOut = sqlite3_malloc(nLeft+nRight+1);
-  if( aOut==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else{
-    rc = fts3DoclistMerge(mergetype, nNear+nTokenRight, nNear+nTokenLeft, 
-      aOut, pnOut, aLeft, nLeft, aRight, nRight
-    );
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3_free(aOut);
-      aOut = 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  *paOut = aOut;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprNearTrim(Fts3Expr *pLeft, Fts3Expr *pRight, int nNear){
-  int rc;
-  if( pLeft->aDoclist==0 || pRight->aDoclist==0 ){
-    sqlite3_free(pLeft->aDoclist);
-    sqlite3_free(pRight->aDoclist);
-    pRight->aDoclist = 0;
-    pLeft->aDoclist = 0;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    char *aOut;
-    int nOut;
-
-    rc = fts3NearMerge(MERGE_POS_NEAR, nNear, 
-        pLeft->pPhrase->nToken, pLeft->aDoclist, pLeft->nDoclist,
-        pRight->pPhrase->nToken, pRight->aDoclist, pRight->nDoclist,
-        &aOut, &nOut
-    );
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-    sqlite3_free(pRight->aDoclist);
-    pRight->aDoclist = aOut;
-    pRight->nDoclist = nOut;
-
-    rc = fts3NearMerge(MERGE_POS_NEAR, nNear, 
-        pRight->pPhrase->nToken, pRight->aDoclist, pRight->nDoclist,
-        pLeft->pPhrase->nToken, pLeft->aDoclist, pLeft->nDoclist,
-        &aOut, &nOut
-    );
-    sqlite3_free(pLeft->aDoclist);
-    pLeft->aDoclist = aOut;
-    pLeft->nDoclist = nOut;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Evaluate the full-text expression pExpr against fts3 table pTab. Store
-** the resulting doclist in *paOut and *pnOut.
-*/
-static int evalFts3Expr(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  Fts3Expr *pExpr,                /* Parsed fts3 expression */
-  char **paOut,                   /* OUT: Pointer to malloc'd result buffer */
-  int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Size of buffer at *paOut */
-  int isReqPos                    /* Require positions in output buffer */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-
-  /* Zero the output parameters. */
-  *paOut = 0;
-  *pnOut = 0;
-
-  if( pExpr ){
-    assert( pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE 
-         || pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR 
-         || isReqPos==0
-    );
-    if( pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE ){
-      rc = fts3PhraseSelect(p, pExpr->pPhrase, 
-          isReqPos || (pExpr->pParent && pExpr->pParent->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR),
-          paOut, pnOut
-      );
-    }else{
-      char *aLeft;
-      char *aRight;
-      int nLeft;
-      int nRight;
-
-      if( 0==(rc = evalFts3Expr(p, pExpr->pRight, &aRight, &nRight, isReqPos))
-       && 0==(rc = evalFts3Expr(p, pExpr->pLeft, &aLeft, &nLeft, isReqPos))
-      ){
-        assert( pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR || pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_OR     
-            || pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_AND  || pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_NOT
-        );
-        switch( pExpr->eType ){
-          case FTSQUERY_NEAR: {
-            Fts3Expr *pLeft;
-            Fts3Expr *pRight;
-            int mergetype = isReqPos ? MERGE_POS_NEAR : MERGE_NEAR;
-           
-            if( pExpr->pParent && pExpr->pParent->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR ){
-              mergetype = MERGE_POS_NEAR;
-            }
-            pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
-            while( pLeft->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR ){ 
-              pLeft=pLeft->pRight;
-            }
-            pRight = pExpr->pRight;
-            assert( pRight->eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE );
-            assert( pLeft->eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE );
-
-            rc = fts3NearMerge(mergetype, pExpr->nNear, 
-                pLeft->pPhrase->nToken, aLeft, nLeft,
-                pRight->pPhrase->nToken, aRight, nRight,
-                paOut, pnOut
-            );
-            sqlite3_free(aLeft);
-            break;
-          }
-
-          case FTSQUERY_OR: {
-            /* Allocate a buffer for the output. The maximum size is the
-            ** sum of the sizes of the two input buffers. The +1 term is
-            ** so that a buffer of zero bytes is never allocated - this can
-            ** cause fts3DoclistMerge() to incorrectly return SQLITE_NOMEM.
-            */
-            char *aBuffer = sqlite3_malloc(nRight+nLeft+1);
-            rc = fts3DoclistMerge(MERGE_OR, 0, 0, aBuffer, pnOut,
-                aLeft, nLeft, aRight, nRight
-            );
-            *paOut = aBuffer;
-            sqlite3_free(aLeft);
-            break;
-          }
-
-          default: {
-            assert( FTSQUERY_NOT==MERGE_NOT && FTSQUERY_AND==MERGE_AND );
-            fts3DoclistMerge(pExpr->eType, 0, 0, aLeft, pnOut,
-                aLeft, nLeft, aRight, nRight
-            );
-            *paOut = aLeft;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      sqlite3_free(aRight);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This is the xFilter interface for the virtual table.  See
-** the virtual table xFilter method documentation for additional
-** information.
-**
-** If idxNum==FTS3_FULLSCAN_SEARCH then do a full table scan against
-** the %_content table.
-**
-** If idxNum==FTS3_DOCID_SEARCH then do a docid lookup for a single entry
-** in the %_content table.
-**
-** If idxNum>=FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH then use the full text index.  The
-** column on the left-hand side of the MATCH operator is column
-** number idxNum-FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH, 0 indexed.  argv[0] is the right-hand
-** side of the MATCH operator.
-*/
-/* TODO(shess) Upgrade the cursor initialization and destruction to
-** account for fts3FilterMethod() being called multiple times on the
-** same cursor. The current solution is very fragile. Apply fix to
-** fts3 as appropriate.
-*/
-static int fts3FilterMethod(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor,   /* The cursor used for this query */
-  int idxNum,                     /* Strategy index */
-  const char *idxStr,             /* Unused */
-  int nVal,                       /* Number of elements in apVal */
-  sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Arguments for the indexing scheme */
-){
-  const char *azSql[] = {
-    "SELECT * FROM %Q.'%q_content' WHERE docid = ?", /* non-full-table-scan */
-    "SELECT * FROM %Q.'%q_content'",                 /* full-table-scan */
-  };
-  int rc;                         /* Return code */
-  char *zSql;                     /* SQL statement used to access %_content */
-  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table *)pCursor->pVtab;
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr = (Fts3Cursor *)pCursor;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(idxStr);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nVal);
-
-  assert( idxNum>=0 && idxNum<=(FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH+p->nColumn) );
-  assert( nVal==0 || nVal==1 );
-  assert( (nVal==0)==(idxNum==FTS3_FULLSCAN_SEARCH) );
-
-  /* In case the cursor has been used before, clear it now. */
-  sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pStmt);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aDoclist);
-  sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pCsr->pExpr);
-  memset(&pCursor[1], 0, sizeof(Fts3Cursor)-sizeof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor));
-
-  /* Compile a SELECT statement for this cursor. For a full-table-scan, the
-  ** statement loops through all rows of the %_content table. For a
-  ** full-text query or docid lookup, the statement retrieves a single
-  ** row by docid.
-  */
-  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[idxNum==FTS3_FULLSCAN_SEARCH], p->zDb, p->zName);
-  if( !zSql ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pCsr->pStmt, 0);
-    sqlite3_free(zSql);
-  }
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  pCsr->eSearch = (i16)idxNum;
-
-  if( idxNum==FTS3_DOCID_SEARCH ){
-    rc = sqlite3_bind_value(pCsr->pStmt, 1, apVal[0]);
-  }else if( idxNum!=FTS3_FULLSCAN_SEARCH ){
-    int iCol = idxNum-FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH;
-    const char *zQuery = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
-
-    if( zQuery==0 && sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0])!=SQLITE_NULL ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3ExprParse(p->pTokenizer, p->azColumn, p->nColumn, 
-        iCol, zQuery, -1, &pCsr->pExpr
-    );
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
-        p->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("malformed MATCH expression: [%s]",
-                                          zQuery);
-      }
-      return rc;
-    }
-
-    rc = evalFts3Expr(p, pCsr->pExpr, &pCsr->aDoclist, &pCsr->nDoclist, 0);
-    pCsr->pNextId = pCsr->aDoclist;
-    pCsr->iPrevId = 0;
-  }
-
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  return fts3NextMethod(pCursor);
-}
-
-/* 
-** This is the xEof method of the virtual table. SQLite calls this 
-** routine to find out if it has reached the end of a result set.
-*/
-static int fts3EofMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
-  return ((Fts3Cursor *)pCursor)->isEof;
-}
-
-/* 
-** This is the xRowid method. The SQLite core calls this routine to
-** retrieve the rowid for the current row of the result set. fts3
-** exposes %_content.docid as the rowid for the virtual table. The
-** rowid should be written to *pRowid.
-*/
-static int fts3RowidMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr = (Fts3Cursor *) pCursor;
-  if( pCsr->aDoclist ){
-    *pRowid = pCsr->iPrevId;
-  }else{
-    *pRowid = sqlite3_column_int64(pCsr->pStmt, 0);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/* 
-** This is the xColumn method, called by SQLite to request a value from
-** the row that the supplied cursor currently points to.
-*/
-static int fts3ColumnMethod(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor,   /* Cursor to retrieve value from */
-  sqlite3_context *pContext,      /* Context for sqlite3_result_xxx() calls */
-  int iCol                        /* Index of column to read value from */
-){
-  int rc;                         /* Return Code */
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr = (Fts3Cursor *) pCursor;
-  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table *)pCursor->pVtab;
-
-  /* The column value supplied by SQLite must be in range. */
-  assert( iCol>=0 && iCol<=p->nColumn+1 );
-
-  if( iCol==p->nColumn+1 ){
-    /* This call is a request for the "docid" column. Since "docid" is an 
-    ** alias for "rowid", use the xRowid() method to obtain the value.
-    */
-    sqlite3_int64 iRowid;
-    rc = fts3RowidMethod(pCursor, &iRowid);
-    sqlite3_result_int64(pContext, iRowid);
-  }else if( iCol==p->nColumn ){
-    /* The extra column whose name is the same as the table.
-    ** Return a blob which is a pointer to the cursor.
-    */
-    sqlite3_result_blob(pContext, &pCsr, sizeof(pCsr), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    rc = fts3CursorSeek(0, pCsr);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3_result_value(pContext, sqlite3_column_value(pCsr->pStmt, iCol+1));
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* 
-** This function is the implementation of the xUpdate callback used by 
-** FTS3 virtual tables. It is invoked by SQLite each time a row is to be
-** inserted, updated or deleted.
-*/
-static int fts3UpdateMethod(
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,            /* Virtual table handle */
-  int nArg,                       /* Size of argument array */
-  sqlite3_value **apVal,          /* Array of arguments */
-  sqlite_int64 *pRowid            /* OUT: The affected (or effected) rowid */
-){
-  return sqlite3Fts3UpdateMethod(pVtab, nArg, apVal, pRowid);
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of xSync() method. Flush the contents of the pending-terms
-** hash-table to the database.
-*/
-static int fts3SyncMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
-  return sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush((Fts3Table *)pVtab);
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of xBegin() method. This is a no-op.
-*/
-static int fts3BeginMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVtab);
-  assert( ((Fts3Table *)pVtab)->nPendingData==0 );
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of xCommit() method. This is a no-op. The contents of
-** the pending-terms hash-table have already been flushed into the database
-** by fts3SyncMethod().
-*/
-static int fts3CommitMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVtab);
-  assert( ((Fts3Table *)pVtab)->nPendingData==0 );
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of xRollback(). Discard the contents of the pending-terms
-** hash-table. Any changes made to the database are reverted by SQLite.
-*/
-static int fts3RollbackMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
-  sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear((Fts3Table *)pVtab);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Load the doclist associated with expression pExpr to pExpr->aDoclist.
-** The loaded doclist contains positions as well as the document ids.
-** This is used by the matchinfo(), snippet() and offsets() auxillary
-** functions.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprLoadDoclist(Fts3Table *pTab, Fts3Expr *pExpr){
-  return evalFts3Expr(pTab, pExpr, &pExpr->aDoclist, &pExpr->nDoclist, 1);
-}
-
-/*
-** After ExprLoadDoclist() (see above) has been called, this function is
-** used to iterate/search through the position lists that make up the doclist
-** stored in pExpr->aDoclist.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Fts3FindPositions(
-  Fts3Expr *pExpr,                /* Access this expressions doclist */
-  sqlite3_int64 iDocid,           /* Docid associated with requested pos-list */
-  int iCol                        /* Column of requested pos-list */
-){
-  assert( pExpr->isLoaded );
-  if( pExpr->aDoclist ){
-    char *pEnd = &pExpr->aDoclist[pExpr->nDoclist];
-    char *pCsr = pExpr->pCurrent;
-
-    assert( pCsr );
-    while( pCsr<pEnd ){
-      if( pExpr->iCurrent<iDocid ){
-        fts3PoslistCopy(0, &pCsr);
-        if( pCsr<pEnd ){
-          fts3GetDeltaVarint(&pCsr, &pExpr->iCurrent);
-        }
-        pExpr->pCurrent = pCsr;
-      }else{
-        if( pExpr->iCurrent==iDocid ){
-          int iThis = 0;
-          if( iCol<0 ){
-            /* If iCol is negative, return a pointer to the start of the
-            ** position-list (instead of a pointer to the start of a list
-            ** of offsets associated with a specific column).
-            */
-            return pCsr;
-          }
-          while( iThis<iCol ){
-            fts3ColumnlistCopy(0, &pCsr);
-            if( *pCsr==0x00 ) return 0;
-            pCsr++;
-            pCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(pCsr, &iThis);
-          }
-          if( iCol==iThis && (*pCsr&0xFE) ) return pCsr;
-        }
-        return 0;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Helper function used by the implementation of the overloaded snippet(),
-** offsets() and optimize() SQL functions.
-**
-** If the value passed as the third argument is a blob of size
-** sizeof(Fts3Cursor*), then the blob contents are copied to the 
-** output variable *ppCsr and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an error
-** message is written to context pContext and SQLITE_ERROR returned. The
-** string passed via zFunc is used as part of the error message.
-*/
-static int fts3FunctionArg(
-  sqlite3_context *pContext,      /* SQL function call context */
-  const char *zFunc,              /* Function name */
-  sqlite3_value *pVal,            /* argv[0] passed to function */
-  Fts3Cursor **ppCsr         /* OUT: Store cursor handle here */
-){
-  Fts3Cursor *pRet;
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(pVal)!=SQLITE_BLOB 
-   || sqlite3_value_bytes(pVal)!=sizeof(Fts3Cursor *)
-  ){
-    char *zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("illegal first argument to %s", zFunc);
-    sqlite3_result_error(pContext, zErr, -1);
-    sqlite3_free(zErr);
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  memcpy(&pRet, sqlite3_value_blob(pVal), sizeof(Fts3Cursor *));
-  *ppCsr = pRet;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the snippet() function for FTS3
-*/
-static void fts3SnippetFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pContext,      /* SQLite function call context */
-  int nVal,                       /* Size of apVal[] array */
-  sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of arguments */
-){
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr;               /* Cursor handle passed through apVal[0] */
-  const char *zStart = "<b>";
-  const char *zEnd = "</b>";
-  const char *zEllipsis = "<b>...</b>";
-  int iCol = -1;
-  int nToken = 15;                /* Default number of tokens in snippet */
-
-  /* There must be at least one argument passed to this function (otherwise
-  ** the non-overloaded version would have been called instead of this one).
-  */
-  assert( nVal>=1 );
-
-  if( nVal>6 ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(pContext, 
-        "wrong number of arguments to function snippet()", -1);
-    return;
-  }
-  if( fts3FunctionArg(pContext, "snippet", apVal[0], &pCsr) ) return;
-
-  switch( nVal ){
-    case 6: nToken = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[5]);
-    case 5: iCol = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[4]);
-    case 4: zEllipsis = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[3]);
-    case 3: zEnd = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[2]);
-    case 2: zStart = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[1]);
-  }
-  if( !zEllipsis || !zEnd || !zStart ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pContext);
-  }else if( SQLITE_OK==fts3CursorSeek(pContext, pCsr) ){
-    sqlite3Fts3Snippet(pContext, pCsr, zStart, zEnd, zEllipsis, iCol, nToken);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the offsets() function for FTS3
-*/
-static void fts3OffsetsFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pContext,      /* SQLite function call context */
-  int nVal,                       /* Size of argument array */
-  sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of arguments */
-){
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr;               /* Cursor handle passed through apVal[0] */
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nVal);
-
-  assert( nVal==1 );
-  if( fts3FunctionArg(pContext, "offsets", apVal[0], &pCsr) ) return;
-  assert( pCsr );
-  if( SQLITE_OK==fts3CursorSeek(pContext, pCsr) ){
-    sqlite3Fts3Offsets(pContext, pCsr);
-  }
-}
-
-/* 
-** Implementation of the special optimize() function for FTS3. This 
-** function merges all segments in the database to a single segment.
-** Example usage is:
-**
-**   SELECT optimize(t) FROM t LIMIT 1;
-**
-** where 't' is the name of an FTS3 table.
-*/
-static void fts3OptimizeFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pContext,      /* SQLite function call context */
-  int nVal,                       /* Size of argument array */
-  sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of arguments */
-){
-  int rc;                         /* Return code */
-  Fts3Table *p;                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  Fts3Cursor *pCursor;            /* Cursor handle passed through apVal[0] */
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nVal);
-
-  assert( nVal==1 );
-  if( fts3FunctionArg(pContext, "optimize", apVal[0], &pCursor) ) return;
-  p = (Fts3Table *)pCursor->base.pVtab;
-  assert( p );
-
-  rc = sqlite3Fts3Optimize(p);
-
-  switch( rc ){
-    case SQLITE_OK:
-      sqlite3_result_text(pContext, "Index optimized", -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-      break;
-    case SQLITE_DONE:
-      sqlite3_result_text(pContext, "Index already optimal", -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-      break;
-    default:
-      sqlite3_result_error_code(pContext, rc);
-      break;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the matchinfo() function for FTS3
-*/
-static void fts3MatchinfoFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pContext,      /* SQLite function call context */
-  int nVal,                       /* Size of argument array */
-  sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of arguments */
-){
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr;               /* Cursor handle passed through apVal[0] */
-
-  if( nVal!=1 ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(pContext,
-        "wrong number of arguments to function matchinfo()", -1);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if( SQLITE_OK==fts3FunctionArg(pContext, "matchinfo", apVal[0], &pCsr) ){
-    sqlite3Fts3Matchinfo(pContext, pCsr);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine implements the xFindFunction method for the FTS3
-** virtual table.
-*/
-static int fts3FindFunctionMethod(
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,            /* Virtual table handle */
-  int nArg,                       /* Number of SQL function arguments */
-  const char *zName,              /* Name of SQL function */
-  void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**), /* OUT: Result */
-  void **ppArg                    /* Unused */
-){
-  struct Overloaded {
-    const char *zName;
-    void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
-  } aOverload[] = {
-    { "snippet", fts3SnippetFunc },
-    { "offsets", fts3OffsetsFunc },
-    { "optimize", fts3OptimizeFunc },
-    { "matchinfo", fts3MatchinfoFunc },
-  };
-  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVtab);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(ppArg);
-
-  for(i=0; i<SizeofArray(aOverload); i++){
-    if( strcmp(zName, aOverload[i].zName)==0 ){
-      *pxFunc = aOverload[i].xFunc;
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* No function of the specified name was found. Return 0. */
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of FTS3 xRename method. Rename an fts3 table.
-*/
-static int fts3RenameMethod(
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,            /* Virtual table handle */
-  const char *zName               /* New name of table */
-){
-  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table *)pVtab;
-  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database connection */
-  int rc;                         /* Return Code */
- 
-  db = p->db;
-  rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
-    "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_content'  RENAME TO '%q_content';",
-    p->zDb, p->zName, zName
-  );
-  if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( p->bHasDocsize ){
-    fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
-      "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_docsize'  RENAME TO '%q_docsize';",
-      p->zDb, p->zName, zName
-    );
-    fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
-      "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_stat'  RENAME TO '%q_stat';",
-      p->zDb, p->zName, zName
-    );
-  }
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
-    "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_segments' RENAME TO '%q_segments';",
-    p->zDb, p->zName, zName
-  );
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
-    "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_segdir'   RENAME TO '%q_segdir';",
-    p->zDb, p->zName, zName
-  );
-  return rc;
-}
-
-static const sqlite3_module fts3Module = {
-  /* iVersion      */ 0,
-  /* xCreate       */ fts3CreateMethod,
-  /* xConnect      */ fts3ConnectMethod,
-  /* xBestIndex    */ fts3BestIndexMethod,
-  /* xDisconnect   */ fts3DisconnectMethod,
-  /* xDestroy      */ fts3DestroyMethod,
-  /* xOpen         */ fts3OpenMethod,
-  /* xClose        */ fulltextClose,
-  /* xFilter       */ fts3FilterMethod,
-  /* xNext         */ fts3NextMethod,
-  /* xEof          */ fts3EofMethod,
-  /* xColumn       */ fts3ColumnMethod,
-  /* xRowid        */ fts3RowidMethod,
-  /* xUpdate       */ fts3UpdateMethod,
-  /* xBegin        */ fts3BeginMethod,
-  /* xSync         */ fts3SyncMethod,
-  /* xCommit       */ fts3CommitMethod,
-  /* xRollback     */ fts3RollbackMethod,
-  /* xFindFunction */ fts3FindFunctionMethod,
-  /* xRename */       fts3RenameMethod,
-};
-
-/*
-** This function is registered as the module destructor (called when an
-** FTS3 enabled database connection is closed). It frees the memory
-** allocated for the tokenizer hash table.
-*/
-static void hashDestroy(void *p){
-  Fts3Hash *pHash = (Fts3Hash *)p;
-  sqlite3Fts3HashClear(pHash);
-  sqlite3_free(pHash);
-}
-
-/*
-** The fts3 built-in tokenizers - "simple" and "porter" - are implemented
-** in files fts3_tokenizer1.c and fts3_porter.c respectively. The following
-** two forward declarations are for functions declared in these files
-** used to retrieve the respective implementations.
-**
-** Calling sqlite3Fts3SimpleTokenizerModule() sets the value pointed
-** to by the argument to point a the "simple" tokenizer implementation.
-** Function ...PorterTokenizerModule() sets *pModule to point to the
-** porter tokenizer/stemmer implementation.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3SimpleTokenizerModule(sqlite3_tokenizer_module const**ppModule);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3PorterTokenizerModule(sqlite3_tokenizer_module const**ppModule);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(sqlite3_tokenizer_module const**ppModule);
-
-/*
-** Initialise the fts3 extension. If this extension is built as part
-** of the sqlite library, then this function is called directly by
-** SQLite. If fts3 is built as a dynamically loadable extension, this
-** function is called by the sqlite3_extension_init() entry point.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Init(sqlite3 *db){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  Fts3Hash *pHash = 0;
-  const sqlite3_tokenizer_module *pSimple = 0;
-  const sqlite3_tokenizer_module *pPorter = 0;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
-  const sqlite3_tokenizer_module *pIcu = 0;
-  sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(&pIcu);
-#endif
-
-  sqlite3Fts3SimpleTokenizerModule(&pSimple);
-  sqlite3Fts3PorterTokenizerModule(&pPorter);
-
-  /* Allocate and initialise the hash-table used to store tokenizers. */
-  pHash = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts3Hash));
-  if( !pHash ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3Fts3HashInit(pHash, FTS3_HASH_STRING, 1);
-  }
-
-  /* Load the built-in tokenizers into the hash table */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(pHash, "simple", 7, (void *)pSimple)
-     || sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(pHash, "porter", 7, (void *)pPorter) 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
-     || (pIcu && sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(pHash, "icu", 4, (void *)pIcu))
-#endif
-    ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-  }
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3ExprInitTestInterface(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Create the virtual table wrapper around the hash-table and overload 
-  ** the two scalar functions. If this is successful, register the
-  ** module with sqlite.
-  */
-  if( SQLITE_OK==rc 
-   && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3Fts3InitHashTable(db, pHash, "fts3_tokenizer"))
-   && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "snippet", -1))
-   && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "offsets", 1))
-   && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "matchinfo", -1))
-   && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "optimize", 1))
-  ){
-    rc = sqlite3_create_module_v2(
-        db, "fts3", &fts3Module, (void *)pHash, hashDestroy
-    );
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = sqlite3_create_module_v2(
-          db, "fts4", &fts3Module, (void *)pHash, 0
-      );
-    }
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* An error has occurred. Delete the hash table and return the error code. */
-  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-  if( pHash ){
-    sqlite3Fts3HashClear(pHash);
-    sqlite3_free(pHash);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#if !SQLITE_CORE
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extension_init(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  char **pzErrMsg,
-  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
-){
-  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi)
-  return sqlite3Fts3Init(db);
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
-/************** End of fts3.c ************************************************/
-/************** Begin file fts3_expr.c ***************************************/
-/*
-** 2008 Nov 28
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This module contains code that implements a parser for fts3 query strings
-** (the right-hand argument to the MATCH operator). Because the supported 
-** syntax is relatively simple, the whole tokenizer/parser system is
-** hand-coded. 
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
-
-/*
-** By default, this module parses the legacy syntax that has been 
-** traditionally used by fts3. Or, if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
-** is defined, then it uses the new syntax. The differences between
-** the new and the old syntaxes are:
-**
-**  a) The new syntax supports parenthesis. The old does not.
-**
-**  b) The new syntax supports the AND and NOT operators. The old does not.
-**
-**  c) The old syntax supports the "-" token qualifier. This is not 
-**     supported by the new syntax (it is replaced by the NOT operator).
-**
-**  d) When using the old syntax, the OR operator has a greater precedence
-**     than an implicit AND. When using the new, both implicity and explicit
-**     AND operators have a higher precedence than OR.
-**
-** If compiled with SQLITE_TEST defined, then this module exports the
-** symbol "int sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses". Setting this variable
-** to zero causes the module to use the old syntax. If it is set to 
-** non-zero the new syntax is activated. This is so both syntaxes can
-** be tested using a single build of testfixture.
-**
-** The following describes the syntax supported by the fts3 MATCH
-** operator in a similar format to that used by the lemon parser
-** generator. This module does not use actually lemon, it uses a
-** custom parser.
-**
-**   query ::= andexpr (OR andexpr)*.
-**
-**   andexpr ::= notexpr (AND? notexpr)*.
-**
-**   notexpr ::= nearexpr (NOT nearexpr|-TOKEN)*.
-**   notexpr ::= LP query RP.
-**
-**   nearexpr ::= phrase (NEAR distance_opt nearexpr)*.
-**
-**   distance_opt ::= .
-**   distance_opt ::= / INTEGER.
-**
-**   phrase ::= TOKEN.
-**   phrase ::= COLUMN:TOKEN.
-**   phrase ::= "TOKEN TOKEN TOKEN...".
-*/
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses = 0;
-#else
-# ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS 
-#  define sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses 1
-# else
-#  define sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses 0
-# endif
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Default span for NEAR operators.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_FTS3_DEFAULT_NEAR_PARAM 10
-
-
-typedef struct ParseContext ParseContext;
-struct ParseContext {
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer;      /* Tokenizer module */
-  const char **azCol;                 /* Array of column names for fts3 table */
-  int nCol;                           /* Number of entries in azCol[] */
-  int iDefaultCol;                    /* Default column to query */
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx;              /* Write error message here */
-  int nNest;                          /* Number of nested brackets */
-};
-
-/*
-** This function is equivalent to the standard isspace() function. 
-**
-** The standard isspace() can be awkward to use safely, because although it
-** is defined to accept an argument of type int, its behaviour when passed
-** an integer that falls outside of the range of the unsigned char type
-** is undefined (and sometimes, "undefined" means segfault). This wrapper
-** is defined to accept an argument of type char, and always returns 0 for
-** any values that fall outside of the range of the unsigned char type (i.e.
-** negative values).
-*/
-static int fts3isspace(char c){
-  return (c&0x80)==0 ? isspace(c) : 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Extract the next token from buffer z (length n) using the tokenizer
-** and other information (column names etc.) in pParse. Create an Fts3Expr
-** structure of type FTSQUERY_PHRASE containing a phrase consisting of this
-** single token and set *ppExpr to point to it. If the end of the buffer is
-** reached before a token is found, set *ppExpr to zero. It is the
-** responsibility of the caller to eventually deallocate the allocated 
-** Fts3Expr structure (if any) by passing it to sqlite3_free().
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or SQLITE_NOMEM if a memory allocation
-** fails.
-*/
-static int getNextToken(
-  ParseContext *pParse,                   /* fts3 query parse context */
-  int iCol,                               /* Value for Fts3Phrase.iColumn */
-  const char *z, int n,                   /* Input string */
-  Fts3Expr **ppExpr,                      /* OUT: expression */
-  int *pnConsumed                         /* OUT: Number of bytes consumed */
-){
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer = pParse->pTokenizer;
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_module const *pModule = pTokenizer->pModule;
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor;
-  Fts3Expr *pRet = 0;
-  int nConsumed = 0;
-
-  rc = pModule->xOpen(pTokenizer, z, n, &pCursor);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    const char *zToken;
-    int nToken, iStart, iEnd, iPosition;
-    int nByte;                               /* total space to allocate */
-
-    pCursor->pTokenizer = pTokenizer;
-    rc = pModule->xNext(pCursor, &zToken, &nToken, &iStart, &iEnd, &iPosition);
-
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      nByte = sizeof(Fts3Expr) + sizeof(Fts3Phrase) + nToken;
-      pRet = (Fts3Expr *)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
-      if( !pRet ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }else{
-        memset(pRet, 0, nByte);
-        pRet->eType = FTSQUERY_PHRASE;
-        pRet->pPhrase = (Fts3Phrase *)&pRet[1];
-        pRet->pPhrase->nToken = 1;
-        pRet->pPhrase->iColumn = iCol;
-        pRet->pPhrase->aToken[0].n = nToken;
-        pRet->pPhrase->aToken[0].z = (char *)&pRet->pPhrase[1];
-        memcpy(pRet->pPhrase->aToken[0].z, zToken, nToken);
-
-        if( iEnd<n && z[iEnd]=='*' ){
-          pRet->pPhrase->aToken[0].isPrefix = 1;
-          iEnd++;
-        }
-        if( !sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses && iStart>0 && z[iStart-1]=='-' ){
-          pRet->pPhrase->isNot = 1;
-        }
-      }
-      nConsumed = iEnd;
-    }
-
-    pModule->xClose(pCursor);
-  }
-  
-  *pnConsumed = nConsumed;
-  *ppExpr = pRet;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Enlarge a memory allocation.  If an out-of-memory allocation occurs,
-** then free the old allocation.
-*/
-static void *fts3ReallocOrFree(void *pOrig, int nNew){
-  void *pRet = sqlite3_realloc(pOrig, nNew);
-  if( !pRet ){
-    sqlite3_free(pOrig);
-  }
-  return pRet;
-}
-
-/*
-** Buffer zInput, length nInput, contains the contents of a quoted string
-** that appeared as part of an fts3 query expression. Neither quote character
-** is included in the buffer. This function attempts to tokenize the entire
-** input buffer and create an Fts3Expr structure of type FTSQUERY_PHRASE 
-** containing the results.
-**
-** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and *ppExpr set to point at the
-** allocated Fts3Expr structure. Otherwise, either SQLITE_NOMEM (out of memory
-** error) or SQLITE_ERROR (tokenization error) is returned and *ppExpr set
-** to 0.
-*/
-static int getNextString(
-  ParseContext *pParse,                   /* fts3 query parse context */
-  const char *zInput, int nInput,         /* Input string */
-  Fts3Expr **ppExpr                       /* OUT: expression */
-){
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer = pParse->pTokenizer;
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_module const *pModule = pTokenizer->pModule;
-  int rc;
-  Fts3Expr *p = 0;
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor = 0;
-  char *zTemp = 0;
-  int nTemp = 0;
-
-  rc = pModule->xOpen(pTokenizer, zInput, nInput, &pCursor);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int ii;
-    pCursor->pTokenizer = pTokenizer;
-    for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK; ii++){
-      const char *zToken;
-      int nToken, iBegin, iEnd, iPos;
-      rc = pModule->xNext(pCursor, &zToken, &nToken, &iBegin, &iEnd, &iPos);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        int nByte = sizeof(Fts3Expr) + sizeof(Fts3Phrase);
-        p = fts3ReallocOrFree(p, nByte+ii*sizeof(struct PhraseToken));
-        zTemp = fts3ReallocOrFree(zTemp, nTemp + nToken);
-        if( !p || !zTemp ){
-          goto no_mem;
-        }
-        if( ii==0 ){
-          memset(p, 0, nByte);
-          p->pPhrase = (Fts3Phrase *)&p[1];
-        }
-        p->pPhrase = (Fts3Phrase *)&p[1];
-        p->pPhrase->nToken = ii+1;
-        p->pPhrase->aToken[ii].n = nToken;
-        memcpy(&zTemp[nTemp], zToken, nToken);
-        nTemp += nToken;
-        if( iEnd<nInput && zInput[iEnd]=='*' ){
-          p->pPhrase->aToken[ii].isPrefix = 1;
-        }else{
-          p->pPhrase->aToken[ii].isPrefix = 0;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    pModule->xClose(pCursor);
-    pCursor = 0;
-  }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-    int jj;
-    char *zNew = NULL;
-    int nNew = 0;
-    int nByte = sizeof(Fts3Expr) + sizeof(Fts3Phrase);
-    nByte += (p?(p->pPhrase->nToken-1):0) * sizeof(struct PhraseToken);
-    p = fts3ReallocOrFree(p, nByte + nTemp);
-    if( !p ){
-      goto no_mem;
-    }
-    if( zTemp ){
-      zNew = &(((char *)p)[nByte]);
-      memcpy(zNew, zTemp, nTemp);
-    }else{
-      memset(p, 0, nByte+nTemp);
-    }
-    p->pPhrase = (Fts3Phrase *)&p[1];
-    for(jj=0; jj<p->pPhrase->nToken; jj++){
-      p->pPhrase->aToken[jj].z = &zNew[nNew];
-      nNew += p->pPhrase->aToken[jj].n;
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(zTemp);
-    p->eType = FTSQUERY_PHRASE;
-    p->pPhrase->iColumn = pParse->iDefaultCol;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  *ppExpr = p;
-  return rc;
-no_mem:
-
-  if( pCursor ){
-    pModule->xClose(pCursor);
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(zTemp);
-  sqlite3_free(p);
-  *ppExpr = 0;
-  return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-}
-
-/*
-** Function getNextNode(), which is called by fts3ExprParse(), may itself
-** call fts3ExprParse(). So this forward declaration is required.
-*/
-static int fts3ExprParse(ParseContext *, const char *, int, Fts3Expr **, int *);
-
-/*
-** The output variable *ppExpr is populated with an allocated Fts3Expr 
-** structure, or set to 0 if the end of the input buffer is reached.
-**
-** Returns an SQLite error code. SQLITE_OK if everything works, SQLITE_NOMEM
-** if a malloc failure occurs, or SQLITE_ERROR if a parse error is encountered.
-** If SQLITE_ERROR is returned, pContext is populated with an error message.
-*/
-static int getNextNode(
-  ParseContext *pParse,                   /* fts3 query parse context */
-  const char *z, int n,                   /* Input string */
-  Fts3Expr **ppExpr,                      /* OUT: expression */
-  int *pnConsumed                         /* OUT: Number of bytes consumed */
-){
-  static const struct Fts3Keyword {
-    char *z;                              /* Keyword text */
-    unsigned char n;                      /* Length of the keyword */
-    unsigned char parenOnly;              /* Only valid in paren mode */
-    unsigned char eType;                  /* Keyword code */
-  } aKeyword[] = {
-    { "OR" ,  2, 0, FTSQUERY_OR   },
-    { "AND",  3, 1, FTSQUERY_AND  },
-    { "NOT",  3, 1, FTSQUERY_NOT  },
-    { "NEAR", 4, 0, FTSQUERY_NEAR }
-  };
-  int ii;
-  int iCol;
-  int iColLen;
-  int rc;
-  Fts3Expr *pRet = 0;
-
-  const char *zInput = z;
-  int nInput = n;
-
-  /* Skip over any whitespace before checking for a keyword, an open or
-  ** close bracket, or a quoted string. 
-  */
-  while( nInput>0 && fts3isspace(*zInput) ){
-    nInput--;
-    zInput++;
-  }
-  if( nInput==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_DONE;
-  }
-
-  /* See if we are dealing with a keyword. */
-  for(ii=0; ii<(int)(sizeof(aKeyword)/sizeof(struct Fts3Keyword)); ii++){
-    const struct Fts3Keyword *pKey = &aKeyword[ii];
-
-    if( (pKey->parenOnly & ~sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses)!=0 ){
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if( nInput>=pKey->n && 0==memcmp(zInput, pKey->z, pKey->n) ){
-      int nNear = SQLITE_FTS3_DEFAULT_NEAR_PARAM;
-      int nKey = pKey->n;
-      char cNext;
-
-      /* If this is a "NEAR" keyword, check for an explicit nearness. */
-      if( pKey->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR ){
-        assert( nKey==4 );
-        if( zInput[4]=='/' && zInput[5]>='0' && zInput[5]<='9' ){
-          nNear = 0;
-          for(nKey=5; zInput[nKey]>='0' && zInput[nKey]<='9'; nKey++){
-            nNear = nNear * 10 + (zInput[nKey] - '0');
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      /* At this point this is probably a keyword. But for that to be true,
-      ** the next byte must contain either whitespace, an open or close
-      ** parenthesis, a quote character, or EOF. 
-      */
-      cNext = zInput[nKey];
-      if( fts3isspace(cNext) 
-       || cNext=='"' || cNext=='(' || cNext==')' || cNext==0
-      ){
-        pRet = (Fts3Expr *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts3Expr));
-        if( !pRet ){
-          return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        }
-        memset(pRet, 0, sizeof(Fts3Expr));
-        pRet->eType = pKey->eType;
-        pRet->nNear = nNear;
-        *ppExpr = pRet;
-        *pnConsumed = (int)((zInput - z) + nKey);
-        return SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-
-      /* Turns out that wasn't a keyword after all. This happens if the
-      ** user has supplied a token such as "ORacle". Continue.
-      */
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Check for an open bracket. */
-  if( sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses ){
-    if( *zInput=='(' ){
-      int nConsumed;
-      int rc;
-      pParse->nNest++;
-      rc = fts3ExprParse(pParse, &zInput[1], nInput-1, ppExpr, &nConsumed);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !*ppExpr ){
-        rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-      }
-      *pnConsumed = (int)((zInput - z) + 1 + nConsumed);
-      return rc;
-    }
-  
-    /* Check for a close bracket. */
-    if( *zInput==')' ){
-      pParse->nNest--;
-      *pnConsumed = (int)((zInput - z) + 1);
-      return SQLITE_DONE;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* See if we are dealing with a quoted phrase. If this is the case, then
-  ** search for the closing quote and pass the whole string to getNextString()
-  ** for processing. This is easy to do, as fts3 has no syntax for escaping
-  ** a quote character embedded in a string.
-  */
-  if( *zInput=='"' ){
-    for(ii=1; ii<nInput && zInput[ii]!='"'; ii++);
-    *pnConsumed = (int)((zInput - z) + ii + 1);
-    if( ii==nInput ){
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    return getNextString(pParse, &zInput[1], ii-1, ppExpr);
-  }
-
-
-  /* If control flows to this point, this must be a regular token, or 
-  ** the end of the input. Read a regular token using the sqlite3_tokenizer
-  ** interface. Before doing so, figure out if there is an explicit
-  ** column specifier for the token. 
-  **
-  ** TODO: Strangely, it is not possible to associate a column specifier
-  ** with a quoted phrase, only with a single token. Not sure if this was
-  ** an implementation artifact or an intentional decision when fts3 was
-  ** first implemented. Whichever it was, this module duplicates the 
-  ** limitation.
-  */
-  iCol = pParse->iDefaultCol;
-  iColLen = 0;
-  for(ii=0; ii<pParse->nCol; ii++){
-    const char *zStr = pParse->azCol[ii];
-    int nStr = (int)strlen(zStr);
-    if( nInput>nStr && zInput[nStr]==':' 
-     && sqlite3_strnicmp(zStr, zInput, nStr)==0 
-    ){
-      iCol = ii;
-      iColLen = (int)((zInput - z) + nStr + 1);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  rc = getNextToken(pParse, iCol, &z[iColLen], n-iColLen, ppExpr, pnConsumed);
-  *pnConsumed += iColLen;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The argument is an Fts3Expr structure for a binary operator (any type
-** except an FTSQUERY_PHRASE). Return an integer value representing the
-** precedence of the operator. Lower values have a higher precedence (i.e.
-** group more tightly). For example, in the C language, the == operator
-** groups more tightly than ||, and would therefore have a higher precedence.
-**
-** When using the new fts3 query syntax (when SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
-** is defined), the order of the operators in precedence from highest to
-** lowest is:
-**
-**   NEAR
-**   NOT
-**   AND (including implicit ANDs)
-**   OR
-**
-** Note that when using the old query syntax, the OR operator has a higher
-** precedence than the AND operator.
-*/
-static int opPrecedence(Fts3Expr *p){
-  assert( p->eType!=FTSQUERY_PHRASE );
-  if( sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses ){
-    return p->eType;
-  }else if( p->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR ){
-    return 1;
-  }else if( p->eType==FTSQUERY_OR ){
-    return 2;
-  }
-  assert( p->eType==FTSQUERY_AND );
-  return 3;
-}
-
-/*
-** Argument ppHead contains a pointer to the current head of a query 
-** expression tree being parsed. pPrev is the expression node most recently
-** inserted into the tree. This function adds pNew, which is always a binary
-** operator node, into the expression tree based on the relative precedence
-** of pNew and the existing nodes of the tree. This may result in the head
-** of the tree changing, in which case *ppHead is set to the new root node.
-*/
-static void insertBinaryOperator(
-  Fts3Expr **ppHead,       /* Pointer to the root node of a tree */
-  Fts3Expr *pPrev,         /* Node most recently inserted into the tree */
-  Fts3Expr *pNew           /* New binary node to insert into expression tree */
-){
-  Fts3Expr *pSplit = pPrev;
-  while( pSplit->pParent && opPrecedence(pSplit->pParent)<=opPrecedence(pNew) ){
-    pSplit = pSplit->pParent;
-  }
-
-  if( pSplit->pParent ){
-    assert( pSplit->pParent->pRight==pSplit );
-    pSplit->pParent->pRight = pNew;
-    pNew->pParent = pSplit->pParent;
-  }else{
-    *ppHead = pNew;
-  }
-  pNew->pLeft = pSplit;
-  pSplit->pParent = pNew;
-}
-
-/*
-** Parse the fts3 query expression found in buffer z, length n. This function
-** returns either when the end of the buffer is reached or an unmatched 
-** closing bracket - ')' - is encountered.
-**
-** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned, *ppExpr is set to point to the
-** parsed form of the expression and *pnConsumed is set to the number of
-** bytes read from buffer z. Otherwise, *ppExpr is set to 0 and SQLITE_NOMEM
-** (out of memory error) or SQLITE_ERROR (parse error) is returned.
-*/
-static int fts3ExprParse(
-  ParseContext *pParse,                   /* fts3 query parse context */
-  const char *z, int n,                   /* Text of MATCH query */
-  Fts3Expr **ppExpr,                      /* OUT: Parsed query structure */
-  int *pnConsumed                         /* OUT: Number of bytes consumed */
-){
-  Fts3Expr *pRet = 0;
-  Fts3Expr *pPrev = 0;
-  Fts3Expr *pNotBranch = 0;               /* Only used in legacy parse mode */
-  int nIn = n;
-  const char *zIn = z;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int isRequirePhrase = 1;
-
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    Fts3Expr *p = 0;
-    int nByte = 0;
-    rc = getNextNode(pParse, zIn, nIn, &p, &nByte);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int isPhrase;
-
-      if( !sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses 
-       && p->eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE && p->pPhrase->isNot 
-      ){
-        /* Create an implicit NOT operator. */
-        Fts3Expr *pNot = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts3Expr));
-        if( !pNot ){
-          sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(p);
-          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-          goto exprparse_out;
-        }
-        memset(pNot, 0, sizeof(Fts3Expr));
-        pNot->eType = FTSQUERY_NOT;
-        pNot->pRight = p;
-        if( pNotBranch ){
-          pNot->pLeft = pNotBranch;
-        }
-        pNotBranch = pNot;
-        p = pPrev;
-      }else{
-        int eType = p->eType;
-        assert( eType!=FTSQUERY_PHRASE || !p->pPhrase->isNot );
-        isPhrase = (eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE || p->pLeft);
-
-        /* The isRequirePhrase variable is set to true if a phrase or
-        ** an expression contained in parenthesis is required. If a
-        ** binary operator (AND, OR, NOT or NEAR) is encounted when
-        ** isRequirePhrase is set, this is a syntax error.
-        */
-        if( !isPhrase && isRequirePhrase ){
-          sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(p);
-          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-          goto exprparse_out;
-        }
-  
-        if( isPhrase && !isRequirePhrase ){
-          /* Insert an implicit AND operator. */
-          Fts3Expr *pAnd;
-          assert( pRet && pPrev );
-          pAnd = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts3Expr));
-          if( !pAnd ){
-            sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(p);
-            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-            goto exprparse_out;
-          }
-          memset(pAnd, 0, sizeof(Fts3Expr));
-          pAnd->eType = FTSQUERY_AND;
-          insertBinaryOperator(&pRet, pPrev, pAnd);
-          pPrev = pAnd;
-        }
-
-        /* This test catches attempts to make either operand of a NEAR
-        ** operator something other than a phrase. For example, either of
-        ** the following:
-        **
-        **    (bracketed expression) NEAR phrase
-        **    phrase NEAR (bracketed expression)
-        **
-        ** Return an error in either case.
-        */
-        if( pPrev && (
-            (eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR && !isPhrase && pPrev->eType!=FTSQUERY_PHRASE)
-         || (eType!=FTSQUERY_PHRASE && isPhrase && pPrev->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR)
-        )){
-          sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(p);
-          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-          goto exprparse_out;
-        }
-  
-        if( isPhrase ){
-          if( pRet ){
-            assert( pPrev && pPrev->pLeft && pPrev->pRight==0 );
-            pPrev->pRight = p;
-            p->pParent = pPrev;
-          }else{
-            pRet = p;
-          }
-        }else{
-          insertBinaryOperator(&pRet, pPrev, p);
-        }
-        isRequirePhrase = !isPhrase;
-      }
-      assert( nByte>0 );
-    }
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || (nByte>0 && nByte<=nIn) );
-    nIn -= nByte;
-    zIn += nByte;
-    pPrev = p;
-  }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE && pRet && isRequirePhrase ){
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    if( !sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses && pNotBranch ){
-      if( !pRet ){
-        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-      }else{
-        Fts3Expr *pIter = pNotBranch;
-        while( pIter->pLeft ){
-          pIter = pIter->pLeft;
-        }
-        pIter->pLeft = pRet;
-        pRet = pNotBranch;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  *pnConsumed = n - nIn;
-
-exprparse_out:
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pRet);
-    sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pNotBranch);
-    pRet = 0;
-  }
-  *ppExpr = pRet;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Parameters z and n contain a pointer to and length of a buffer containing
-** an fts3 query expression, respectively. This function attempts to parse the
-** query expression and create a tree of Fts3Expr structures representing the
-** parsed expression. If successful, *ppExpr is set to point to the head
-** of the parsed expression tree and SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error
-** occurs, either SQLITE_NOMEM (out-of-memory error) or SQLITE_ERROR (parse
-** error) is returned and *ppExpr is set to 0.
-**
-** If parameter n is a negative number, then z is assumed to point to a
-** nul-terminated string and the length is determined using strlen().
-**
-** The first parameter, pTokenizer, is passed the fts3 tokenizer module to
-** use to normalize query tokens while parsing the expression. The azCol[]
-** array, which is assumed to contain nCol entries, should contain the names
-** of each column in the target fts3 table, in order from left to right. 
-** Column names must be nul-terminated strings.
-**
-** The iDefaultCol parameter should be passed the index of the table column
-** that appears on the left-hand-side of the MATCH operator (the default
-** column to match against for tokens for which a column name is not explicitly
-** specified as part of the query string), or -1 if tokens may by default
-** match any table column.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprParse(
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer,      /* Tokenizer module */
-  char **azCol,                       /* Array of column names for fts3 table */
-  int nCol,                           /* Number of entries in azCol[] */
-  int iDefaultCol,                    /* Default column to query */
-  const char *z, int n,               /* Text of MATCH query */
-  Fts3Expr **ppExpr                   /* OUT: Parsed query structure */
-){
-  int nParsed;
-  int rc;
-  ParseContext sParse;
-  sParse.pTokenizer = pTokenizer;
-  sParse.azCol = (const char **)azCol;
-  sParse.nCol = nCol;
-  sParse.iDefaultCol = iDefaultCol;
-  sParse.nNest = 0;
-  if( z==0 ){
-    *ppExpr = 0;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  if( n<0 ){
-    n = (int)strlen(z);
-  }
-  rc = fts3ExprParse(&sParse, z, n, ppExpr, &nParsed);
-
-  /* Check for mismatched parenthesis */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sParse.nNest ){
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(*ppExpr);
-    *ppExpr = 0;
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Free a parsed fts3 query expression allocated by sqlite3Fts3ExprParse().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(Fts3Expr *p){
-  if( p ){
-    sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(p->pLeft);
-    sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(p->pRight);
-    sqlite3_free(p->aDoclist);
-    sqlite3_free(p);
-  }
-}
-
-/****************************************************************************
-*****************************************************************************
-** Everything after this point is just test code.
-*/
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-
-
-/*
-** Function to query the hash-table of tokenizers (see README.tokenizers).
-*/
-static int queryTestTokenizer(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  const char *zName,  
-  const sqlite3_tokenizer_module **pp
-){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  const char zSql[] = "SELECT fts3_tokenizer(?)";
-
-  *pp = 0;
-  rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 1, zName, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-  if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-    if( sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, 0)==SQLITE_BLOB ){
-      memcpy((void *)pp, sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 0), sizeof(*pp));
-    }
-  }
-
-  return sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is part of the test interface for the query parser. It
-** writes a text representation of the query expression pExpr into the
-** buffer pointed to by argument zBuf. It is assumed that zBuf is large 
-** enough to store the required text representation.
-*/
-static void exprToString(Fts3Expr *pExpr, char *zBuf){
-  switch( pExpr->eType ){
-    case FTSQUERY_PHRASE: {
-      Fts3Phrase *pPhrase = pExpr->pPhrase;
-      int i;
-      zBuf += sprintf(zBuf, "PHRASE %d %d", pPhrase->iColumn, pPhrase->isNot);
-      for(i=0; i<pPhrase->nToken; i++){
-        zBuf += sprintf(zBuf," %.*s",pPhrase->aToken[i].n,pPhrase->aToken[i].z);
-        zBuf += sprintf(zBuf,"%s", (pPhrase->aToken[i].isPrefix?"+":""));
-      }
-      return;
-    }
-
-    case FTSQUERY_NEAR:
-      zBuf += sprintf(zBuf, "NEAR/%d ", pExpr->nNear);
-      break;
-    case FTSQUERY_NOT:
-      zBuf += sprintf(zBuf, "NOT ");
-      break;
-    case FTSQUERY_AND:
-      zBuf += sprintf(zBuf, "AND ");
-      break;
-    case FTSQUERY_OR:
-      zBuf += sprintf(zBuf, "OR ");
-      break;
-  }
-
-  zBuf += sprintf(zBuf, "{");
-  exprToString(pExpr->pLeft, zBuf);
-  zBuf += strlen(zBuf);
-  zBuf += sprintf(zBuf, "} ");
-
-  zBuf += sprintf(zBuf, "{");
-  exprToString(pExpr->pRight, zBuf);
-  zBuf += strlen(zBuf);
-  zBuf += sprintf(zBuf, "}");
-}
-
-/*
-** This is the implementation of a scalar SQL function used to test the 
-** expression parser. It should be called as follows:
-**
-**   fts3_exprtest(<tokenizer>, <expr>, <column 1>, ...);
-**
-** The first argument, <tokenizer>, is the name of the fts3 tokenizer used
-** to parse the query expression (see README.tokenizers). The second argument
-** is the query expression to parse. Each subsequent argument is the name
-** of a column of the fts3 table that the query expression may refer to.
-** For example:
-**
-**   SELECT fts3_exprtest('simple', 'Bill col2:Bloggs', 'col1', 'col2');
-*/
-static void fts3ExprTest(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_module const *pModule = 0;
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer = 0;
-  int rc;
-  char **azCol = 0;
-  const char *zExpr;
-  int nExpr;
-  int nCol;
-  int ii;
-  Fts3Expr *pExpr;
-  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-
-  if( argc<3 ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(context, 
-        "Usage: fts3_exprtest(tokenizer, expr, col1, ...", -1
-    );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  rc = queryTestTokenizer(db,
-                          (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]), &pModule);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-    goto exprtest_out;
-  }else if( !pModule ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(context, "No such tokenizer module", -1);
-    goto exprtest_out;
-  }
-
-  rc = pModule->xCreate(0, 0, &pTokenizer);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_OK );
-  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-    goto exprtest_out;
-  }
-  pTokenizer->pModule = pModule;
-
-  zExpr = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-  nExpr = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
-  nCol = argc-2;
-  azCol = (char **)sqlite3_malloc(nCol*sizeof(char *));
-  if( !azCol ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-    goto exprtest_out;
-  }
-  for(ii=0; ii<nCol; ii++){
-    azCol[ii] = (char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[ii+2]);
-  }
-
-  rc = sqlite3Fts3ExprParse(
-      pTokenizer, azCol, nCol, nCol, zExpr, nExpr, &pExpr
-  );
-  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-    goto exprtest_out;
-  }else if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    char zBuf[4096];
-    exprToString(pExpr, zBuf);
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pExpr);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_result_error(context, "Error parsing expression", -1);
-  }
-
-exprtest_out:
-  if( pModule && pTokenizer ){
-    rc = pModule->xDestroy(pTokenizer);
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(azCol);
-}
-
-/*
-** Register the query expression parser test function fts3_exprtest() 
-** with database connection db. 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprInitTestInterface(sqlite3* db){
-  return sqlite3_create_function(
-      db, "fts3_exprtest", -1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0, fts3ExprTest, 0, 0
-  );
-}
-
-#endif
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) */
-
-/************** End of fts3_expr.c *******************************************/
-/************** Begin file fts3_hash.c ***************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This is the implementation of generic hash-tables used in SQLite.
-** We've modified it slightly to serve as a standalone hash table
-** implementation for the full-text indexing module.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The code in this file is only compiled if:
-**
-**     * The FTS3 module is being built as an extension
-**       (in which case SQLITE_CORE is not defined), or
-**
-**     * The FTS3 module is being built into the core of
-**       SQLite (in which case SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 is defined).
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
-
-
-
-/*
-** Malloc and Free functions
-*/
-static void *fts3HashMalloc(int n){
-  void *p = sqlite3_malloc(n);
-  if( p ){
-    memset(p, 0, n);
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-static void fts3HashFree(void *p){
-  sqlite3_free(p);
-}
-
-/* Turn bulk memory into a hash table object by initializing the
-** fields of the Hash structure.
-**
-** "pNew" is a pointer to the hash table that is to be initialized.
-** keyClass is one of the constants 
-** FTS3_HASH_BINARY or FTS3_HASH_STRING.  The value of keyClass 
-** determines what kind of key the hash table will use.  "copyKey" is
-** true if the hash table should make its own private copy of keys and
-** false if it should just use the supplied pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3HashInit(Fts3Hash *pNew, char keyClass, char copyKey){
-  assert( pNew!=0 );
-  assert( keyClass>=FTS3_HASH_STRING && keyClass<=FTS3_HASH_BINARY );
-  pNew->keyClass = keyClass;
-  pNew->copyKey = copyKey;
-  pNew->first = 0;
-  pNew->count = 0;
-  pNew->htsize = 0;
-  pNew->ht = 0;
-}
-
-/* Remove all entries from a hash table.  Reclaim all memory.
-** Call this routine to delete a hash table or to reset a hash table
-** to the empty state.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3HashClear(Fts3Hash *pH){
-  Fts3HashElem *elem;         /* For looping over all elements of the table */
-
-  assert( pH!=0 );
-  elem = pH->first;
-  pH->first = 0;
-  fts3HashFree(pH->ht);
-  pH->ht = 0;
-  pH->htsize = 0;
-  while( elem ){
-    Fts3HashElem *next_elem = elem->next;
-    if( pH->copyKey && elem->pKey ){
-      fts3HashFree(elem->pKey);
-    }
-    fts3HashFree(elem);
-    elem = next_elem;
-  }
-  pH->count = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Hash and comparison functions when the mode is FTS3_HASH_STRING
-*/
-static int fts3StrHash(const void *pKey, int nKey){
-  const char *z = (const char *)pKey;
-  int h = 0;
-  if( nKey<=0 ) nKey = (int) strlen(z);
-  while( nKey > 0  ){
-    h = (h<<3) ^ h ^ *z++;
-    nKey--;
-  }
-  return h & 0x7fffffff;
-}
-static int fts3StrCompare(const void *pKey1, int n1, const void *pKey2, int n2){
-  if( n1!=n2 ) return 1;
-  return strncmp((const char*)pKey1,(const char*)pKey2,n1);
-}
-
-/*
-** Hash and comparison functions when the mode is FTS3_HASH_BINARY
-*/
-static int fts3BinHash(const void *pKey, int nKey){
-  int h = 0;
-  const char *z = (const char *)pKey;
-  while( nKey-- > 0 ){
-    h = (h<<3) ^ h ^ *(z++);
-  }
-  return h & 0x7fffffff;
-}
-static int fts3BinCompare(const void *pKey1, int n1, const void *pKey2, int n2){
-  if( n1!=n2 ) return 1;
-  return memcmp(pKey1,pKey2,n1);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the appropriate hash function given the key class.
-**
-** The C syntax in this function definition may be unfamilar to some 
-** programmers, so we provide the following additional explanation:
-**
-** The name of the function is "ftsHashFunction".  The function takes a
-** single parameter "keyClass".  The return value of ftsHashFunction()
-** is a pointer to another function.  Specifically, the return value
-** of ftsHashFunction() is a pointer to a function that takes two parameters
-** with types "const void*" and "int" and returns an "int".
-*/
-static int (*ftsHashFunction(int keyClass))(const void*,int){
-  if( keyClass==FTS3_HASH_STRING ){
-    return &fts3StrHash;
-  }else{
-    assert( keyClass==FTS3_HASH_BINARY );
-    return &fts3BinHash;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the appropriate hash function given the key class.
-**
-** For help in interpreted the obscure C code in the function definition,
-** see the header comment on the previous function.
-*/
-static int (*ftsCompareFunction(int keyClass))(const void*,int,const void*,int){
-  if( keyClass==FTS3_HASH_STRING ){
-    return &fts3StrCompare;
-  }else{
-    assert( keyClass==FTS3_HASH_BINARY );
-    return &fts3BinCompare;
-  }
-}
-
-/* Link an element into the hash table
-*/
-static void fts3HashInsertElement(
-  Fts3Hash *pH,            /* The complete hash table */
-  struct _fts3ht *pEntry,  /* The entry into which pNew is inserted */
-  Fts3HashElem *pNew       /* The element to be inserted */
-){
-  Fts3HashElem *pHead;     /* First element already in pEntry */
-  pHead = pEntry->chain;
-  if( pHead ){
-    pNew->next = pHead;
-    pNew->prev = pHead->prev;
-    if( pHead->prev ){ pHead->prev->next = pNew; }
-    else             { pH->first = pNew; }
-    pHead->prev = pNew;
-  }else{
-    pNew->next = pH->first;
-    if( pH->first ){ pH->first->prev = pNew; }
-    pNew->prev = 0;
-    pH->first = pNew;
-  }
-  pEntry->count++;
-  pEntry->chain = pNew;
-}
-
-
-/* Resize the hash table so that it cantains "new_size" buckets.
-** "new_size" must be a power of 2.  The hash table might fail 
-** to resize if sqliteMalloc() fails.
-**
-** Return non-zero if a memory allocation error occurs.
-*/
-static int fts3Rehash(Fts3Hash *pH, int new_size){
-  struct _fts3ht *new_ht;          /* The new hash table */
-  Fts3HashElem *elem, *next_elem;  /* For looping over existing elements */
-  int (*xHash)(const void*,int);   /* The hash function */
-
-  assert( (new_size & (new_size-1))==0 );
-  new_ht = (struct _fts3ht *)fts3HashMalloc( new_size*sizeof(struct _fts3ht) );
-  if( new_ht==0 ) return 1;
-  fts3HashFree(pH->ht);
-  pH->ht = new_ht;
-  pH->htsize = new_size;
-  xHash = ftsHashFunction(pH->keyClass);
-  for(elem=pH->first, pH->first=0; elem; elem = next_elem){
-    int h = (*xHash)(elem->pKey, elem->nKey) & (new_size-1);
-    next_elem = elem->next;
-    fts3HashInsertElement(pH, &new_ht[h], elem);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/* This function (for internal use only) locates an element in an
-** hash table that matches the given key.  The hash for this key has
-** already been computed and is passed as the 4th parameter.
-*/
-static Fts3HashElem *fts3FindElementByHash(
-  const Fts3Hash *pH, /* The pH to be searched */
-  const void *pKey,   /* The key we are searching for */
-  int nKey,
-  int h               /* The hash for this key. */
-){
-  Fts3HashElem *elem;            /* Used to loop thru the element list */
-  int count;                     /* Number of elements left to test */
-  int (*xCompare)(const void*,int,const void*,int);  /* comparison function */
-
-  if( pH->ht ){
-    struct _fts3ht *pEntry = &pH->ht[h];
-    elem = pEntry->chain;
-    count = pEntry->count;
-    xCompare = ftsCompareFunction(pH->keyClass);
-    while( count-- && elem ){
-      if( (*xCompare)(elem->pKey,elem->nKey,pKey,nKey)==0 ){ 
-        return elem;
-      }
-      elem = elem->next;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/* Remove a single entry from the hash table given a pointer to that
-** element and a hash on the element's key.
-*/
-static void fts3RemoveElementByHash(
-  Fts3Hash *pH,         /* The pH containing "elem" */
-  Fts3HashElem* elem,   /* The element to be removed from the pH */
-  int h                 /* Hash value for the element */
-){
-  struct _fts3ht *pEntry;
-  if( elem->prev ){
-    elem->prev->next = elem->next; 
-  }else{
-    pH->first = elem->next;
-  }
-  if( elem->next ){
-    elem->next->prev = elem->prev;
-  }
-  pEntry = &pH->ht[h];
-  if( pEntry->chain==elem ){
-    pEntry->chain = elem->next;
-  }
-  pEntry->count--;
-  if( pEntry->count<=0 ){
-    pEntry->chain = 0;
-  }
-  if( pH->copyKey && elem->pKey ){
-    fts3HashFree(elem->pKey);
-  }
-  fts3HashFree( elem );
-  pH->count--;
-  if( pH->count<=0 ){
-    assert( pH->first==0 );
-    assert( pH->count==0 );
-    fts3HashClear(pH);
-  }
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Fts3HashElem *sqlite3Fts3HashFindElem(
-  const Fts3Hash *pH, 
-  const void *pKey, 
-  int nKey
-){
-  int h;                          /* A hash on key */
-  int (*xHash)(const void*,int);  /* The hash function */
-
-  if( pH==0 || pH->ht==0 ) return 0;
-  xHash = ftsHashFunction(pH->keyClass);
-  assert( xHash!=0 );
-  h = (*xHash)(pKey,nKey);
-  assert( (pH->htsize & (pH->htsize-1))==0 );
-  return fts3FindElementByHash(pH,pKey,nKey, h & (pH->htsize-1));
-}
-
-/* 
-** Attempt to locate an element of the hash table pH with a key
-** that matches pKey,nKey.  Return the data for this element if it is
-** found, or NULL if there is no match.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Fts3HashFind(const Fts3Hash *pH, const void *pKey, int nKey){
-  Fts3HashElem *pElem;            /* The element that matches key (if any) */
-
-  pElem = sqlite3Fts3HashFindElem(pH, pKey, nKey);
-  return pElem ? pElem->data : 0;
-}
-
-/* Insert an element into the hash table pH.  The key is pKey,nKey
-** and the data is "data".
-**
-** If no element exists with a matching key, then a new
-** element is created.  A copy of the key is made if the copyKey
-** flag is set.  NULL is returned.
-**
-** If another element already exists with the same key, then the
-** new data replaces the old data and the old data is returned.
-** The key is not copied in this instance.  If a malloc fails, then
-** the new data is returned and the hash table is unchanged.
-**
-** If the "data" parameter to this function is NULL, then the
-** element corresponding to "key" is removed from the hash table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(
-  Fts3Hash *pH,        /* The hash table to insert into */
-  const void *pKey,    /* The key */
-  int nKey,            /* Number of bytes in the key */
-  void *data           /* The data */
-){
-  int hraw;                 /* Raw hash value of the key */
-  int h;                    /* the hash of the key modulo hash table size */
-  Fts3HashElem *elem;       /* Used to loop thru the element list */
-  Fts3HashElem *new_elem;   /* New element added to the pH */
-  int (*xHash)(const void*,int);  /* The hash function */
-
-  assert( pH!=0 );
-  xHash = ftsHashFunction(pH->keyClass);
-  assert( xHash!=0 );
-  hraw = (*xHash)(pKey, nKey);
-  assert( (pH->htsize & (pH->htsize-1))==0 );
-  h = hraw & (pH->htsize-1);
-  elem = fts3FindElementByHash(pH,pKey,nKey,h);
-  if( elem ){
-    void *old_data = elem->data;
-    if( data==0 ){
-      fts3RemoveElementByHash(pH,elem,h);
-    }else{
-      elem->data = data;
-    }
-    return old_data;
-  }
-  if( data==0 ) return 0;
-  if( (pH->htsize==0 && fts3Rehash(pH,8))
-   || (pH->count>=pH->htsize && fts3Rehash(pH, pH->htsize*2))
-  ){
-    pH->count = 0;
-    return data;
-  }
-  assert( pH->htsize>0 );
-  new_elem = (Fts3HashElem*)fts3HashMalloc( sizeof(Fts3HashElem) );
-  if( new_elem==0 ) return data;
-  if( pH->copyKey && pKey!=0 ){
-    new_elem->pKey = fts3HashMalloc( nKey );
-    if( new_elem->pKey==0 ){
-      fts3HashFree(new_elem);
-      return data;
-    }
-    memcpy((void*)new_elem->pKey, pKey, nKey);
-  }else{
-    new_elem->pKey = (void*)pKey;
-  }
-  new_elem->nKey = nKey;
-  pH->count++;
-  assert( pH->htsize>0 );
-  assert( (pH->htsize & (pH->htsize-1))==0 );
-  h = hraw & (pH->htsize-1);
-  fts3HashInsertElement(pH, &pH->ht[h], new_elem);
-  new_elem->data = data;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) */
-
-/************** End of fts3_hash.c *******************************************/
-/************** Begin file fts3_porter.c *************************************/
-/*
-** 2006 September 30
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** Implementation of the full-text-search tokenizer that implements
-** a Porter stemmer.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The code in this file is only compiled if:
-**
-**     * The FTS3 module is being built as an extension
-**       (in which case SQLITE_CORE is not defined), or
-**
-**     * The FTS3 module is being built into the core of
-**       SQLite (in which case SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 is defined).
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
-
-
-
-
-/*
-** Class derived from sqlite3_tokenizer
-*/
-typedef struct porter_tokenizer {
-  sqlite3_tokenizer base;      /* Base class */
-} porter_tokenizer;
-
-/*
-** Class derived from sqlit3_tokenizer_cursor
-*/
-typedef struct porter_tokenizer_cursor {
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor base;
-  const char *zInput;          /* input we are tokenizing */
-  int nInput;                  /* size of the input */
-  int iOffset;                 /* current position in zInput */
-  int iToken;                  /* index of next token to be returned */
-  char *zToken;                /* storage for current token */
-  int nAllocated;              /* space allocated to zToken buffer */
-} porter_tokenizer_cursor;
-
-
-/*
-** Create a new tokenizer instance.
-*/
-static int porterCreate(
-  int argc, const char * const *argv,
-  sqlite3_tokenizer **ppTokenizer
-){
-  porter_tokenizer *t;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argv);
-
-  t = (porter_tokenizer *) sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*t));
-  if( t==NULL ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  memset(t, 0, sizeof(*t));
-  *ppTokenizer = &t->base;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Destroy a tokenizer
-*/
-static int porterDestroy(sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer){
-  sqlite3_free(pTokenizer);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Prepare to begin tokenizing a particular string.  The input
-** string to be tokenized is zInput[0..nInput-1].  A cursor
-** used to incrementally tokenize this string is returned in 
-** *ppCursor.
-*/
-static int porterOpen(
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer,         /* The tokenizer */
-  const char *zInput, int nInput,        /* String to be tokenized */
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor **ppCursor    /* OUT: Tokenization cursor */
-){
-  porter_tokenizer_cursor *c;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pTokenizer);
-
-  c = (porter_tokenizer_cursor *) sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*c));
-  if( c==NULL ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-
-  c->zInput = zInput;
-  if( zInput==0 ){
-    c->nInput = 0;
-  }else if( nInput<0 ){
-    c->nInput = (int)strlen(zInput);
-  }else{
-    c->nInput = nInput;
-  }
-  c->iOffset = 0;                 /* start tokenizing at the beginning */
-  c->iToken = 0;
-  c->zToken = NULL;               /* no space allocated, yet. */
-  c->nAllocated = 0;
-
-  *ppCursor = &c->base;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a tokenization cursor previously opened by a call to
-** porterOpen() above.
-*/
-static int porterClose(sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor){
-  porter_tokenizer_cursor *c = (porter_tokenizer_cursor *) pCursor;
-  sqlite3_free(c->zToken);
-  sqlite3_free(c);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-/*
-** Vowel or consonant
-*/
-static const char cType[] = {
-   0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
-   1, 1, 1, 2, 1
-};
-
-/*
-** isConsonant() and isVowel() determine if their first character in
-** the string they point to is a consonant or a vowel, according
-** to Porter ruls.  
-**
-** A consonate is any letter other than 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', or 'u'.
-** 'Y' is a consonant unless it follows another consonant,
-** in which case it is a vowel.
-**
-** In these routine, the letters are in reverse order.  So the 'y' rule
-** is that 'y' is a consonant unless it is followed by another
-** consonent.
-*/
-static int isVowel(const char*);
-static int isConsonant(const char *z){
-  int j;
-  char x = *z;
-  if( x==0 ) return 0;
-  assert( x>='a' && x<='z' );
-  j = cType[x-'a'];
-  if( j<2 ) return j;
-  return z[1]==0 || isVowel(z + 1);
-}
-static int isVowel(const char *z){
-  int j;
-  char x = *z;
-  if( x==0 ) return 0;
-  assert( x>='a' && x<='z' );
-  j = cType[x-'a'];
-  if( j<2 ) return 1-j;
-  return isConsonant(z + 1);
-}
-
-/*
-** Let any sequence of one or more vowels be represented by V and let
-** C be sequence of one or more consonants.  Then every word can be
-** represented as:
-**
-**           [C] (VC){m} [V]
-**
-** In prose:  A word is an optional consonant followed by zero or
-** vowel-consonant pairs followed by an optional vowel.  "m" is the
-** number of vowel consonant pairs.  This routine computes the value
-** of m for the first i bytes of a word.
-**
-** Return true if the m-value for z is 1 or more.  In other words,
-** return true if z contains at least one vowel that is followed
-** by a consonant.
-**
-** In this routine z[] is in reverse order.  So we are really looking
-** for an instance of of a consonant followed by a vowel.
-*/
-static int m_gt_0(const char *z){
-  while( isVowel(z) ){ z++; }
-  if( *z==0 ) return 0;
-  while( isConsonant(z) ){ z++; }
-  return *z!=0;
-}
-
-/* Like mgt0 above except we are looking for a value of m which is
-** exactly 1
-*/
-static int m_eq_1(const char *z){
-  while( isVowel(z) ){ z++; }
-  if( *z==0 ) return 0;
-  while( isConsonant(z) ){ z++; }
-  if( *z==0 ) return 0;
-  while( isVowel(z) ){ z++; }
-  if( *z==0 ) return 1;
-  while( isConsonant(z) ){ z++; }
-  return *z==0;
-}
-
-/* Like mgt0 above except we are looking for a value of m>1 instead
-** or m>0
-*/
-static int m_gt_1(const char *z){
-  while( isVowel(z) ){ z++; }
-  if( *z==0 ) return 0;
-  while( isConsonant(z) ){ z++; }
-  if( *z==0 ) return 0;
-  while( isVowel(z) ){ z++; }
-  if( *z==0 ) return 0;
-  while( isConsonant(z) ){ z++; }
-  return *z!=0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if there is a vowel anywhere within z[0..n-1]
-*/
-static int hasVowel(const char *z){
-  while( isConsonant(z) ){ z++; }
-  return *z!=0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if the word ends in a double consonant.
-**
-** The text is reversed here. So we are really looking at
-** the first two characters of z[].
-*/
-static int doubleConsonant(const char *z){
-  return isConsonant(z) && z[0]==z[1];
-}
-
-/*
-** Return TRUE if the word ends with three letters which
-** are consonant-vowel-consonent and where the final consonant
-** is not 'w', 'x', or 'y'.
-**
-** The word is reversed here.  So we are really checking the
-** first three letters and the first one cannot be in [wxy].
-*/
-static int star_oh(const char *z){
-  return
-    isConsonant(z) &&
-    z[0]!='w' && z[0]!='x' && z[0]!='y' &&
-    isVowel(z+1) &&
-    isConsonant(z+2);
-}
-
-/*
-** If the word ends with zFrom and xCond() is true for the stem
-** of the word that preceeds the zFrom ending, then change the 
-** ending to zTo.
-**
-** The input word *pz and zFrom are both in reverse order.  zTo
-** is in normal order. 
-**
-** Return TRUE if zFrom matches.  Return FALSE if zFrom does not
-** match.  Not that TRUE is returned even if xCond() fails and
-** no substitution occurs.
-*/
-static int stem(
-  char **pz,             /* The word being stemmed (Reversed) */
-  const char *zFrom,     /* If the ending matches this... (Reversed) */
-  const char *zTo,       /* ... change the ending to this (not reversed) */
-  int (*xCond)(const char*)   /* Condition that must be true */
-){
-  char *z = *pz;
-  while( *zFrom && *zFrom==*z ){ z++; zFrom++; }
-  if( *zFrom!=0 ) return 0;
-  if( xCond && !xCond(z) ) return 1;
-  while( *zTo ){
-    *(--z) = *(zTo++);
-  }
-  *pz = z;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** This is the fallback stemmer used when the porter stemmer is
-** inappropriate.  The input word is copied into the output with
-** US-ASCII case folding.  If the input word is too long (more
-** than 20 bytes if it contains no digits or more than 6 bytes if
-** it contains digits) then word is truncated to 20 or 6 bytes
-** by taking 10 or 3 bytes from the beginning and end.
-*/
-static void copy_stemmer(const char *zIn, int nIn, char *zOut, int *pnOut){
-  int i, mx, j;
-  int hasDigit = 0;
-  for(i=0; i<nIn; i++){
-    char c = zIn[i];
-    if( c>='A' && c<='Z' ){
-      zOut[i] = c - 'A' + 'a';
-    }else{
-      if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) hasDigit = 1;
-      zOut[i] = c;
-    }
-  }
-  mx = hasDigit ? 3 : 10;
-  if( nIn>mx*2 ){
-    for(j=mx, i=nIn-mx; i<nIn; i++, j++){
-      zOut[j] = zOut[i];
-    }
-    i = j;
-  }
-  zOut[i] = 0;
-  *pnOut = i;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Stem the input word zIn[0..nIn-1].  Store the output in zOut.
-** zOut is at least big enough to hold nIn bytes.  Write the actual
-** size of the output word (exclusive of the '\0' terminator) into *pnOut.
-**
-** Any upper-case characters in the US-ASCII character set ([A-Z])
-** are converted to lower case.  Upper-case UTF characters are
-** unchanged.
-**
-** Words that are longer than about 20 bytes are stemmed by retaining
-** a few bytes from the beginning and the end of the word.  If the
-** word contains digits, 3 bytes are taken from the beginning and
-** 3 bytes from the end.  For long words without digits, 10 bytes
-** are taken from each end.  US-ASCII case folding still applies.
-** 
-** If the input word contains not digits but does characters not 
-** in [a-zA-Z] then no stemming is attempted and this routine just 
-** copies the input into the input into the output with US-ASCII
-** case folding.
-**
-** Stemming never increases the length of the word.  So there is
-** no chance of overflowing the zOut buffer.
-*/
-static void porter_stemmer(const char *zIn, int nIn, char *zOut, int *pnOut){
-  int i, j;
-  char zReverse[28];
-  char *z, *z2;
-  if( nIn<3 || nIn>=sizeof(zReverse)-7 ){
-    /* The word is too big or too small for the porter stemmer.
-    ** Fallback to the copy stemmer */
-    copy_stemmer(zIn, nIn, zOut, pnOut);
-    return;
-  }
-  for(i=0, j=sizeof(zReverse)-6; i<nIn; i++, j--){
-    char c = zIn[i];
-    if( c>='A' && c<='Z' ){
-      zReverse[j] = c + 'a' - 'A';
-    }else if( c>='a' && c<='z' ){
-      zReverse[j] = c;
-    }else{
-      /* The use of a character not in [a-zA-Z] means that we fallback
-      ** to the copy stemmer */
-      copy_stemmer(zIn, nIn, zOut, pnOut);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  memset(&zReverse[sizeof(zReverse)-5], 0, 5);
-  z = &zReverse[j+1];
-
-
-  /* Step 1a */
-  if( z[0]=='s' ){
-    if(
-     !stem(&z, "sess", "ss", 0) &&
-     !stem(&z, "sei", "i", 0)  &&
-     !stem(&z, "ss", "ss", 0)
-    ){
-      z++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Step 1b */  
-  z2 = z;
-  if( stem(&z, "dee", "ee", m_gt_0) ){
-    /* Do nothing.  The work was all in the test */
-  }else if( 
-     (stem(&z, "gni", "", hasVowel) || stem(&z, "de", "", hasVowel))
-      && z!=z2
-  ){
-     if( stem(&z, "ta", "ate", 0) ||
-         stem(&z, "lb", "ble", 0) ||
-         stem(&z, "zi", "ize", 0) ){
-       /* Do nothing.  The work was all in the test */
-     }else if( doubleConsonant(z) && (*z!='l' && *z!='s' && *z!='z') ){
-       z++;
-     }else if( m_eq_1(z) && star_oh(z) ){
-       *(--z) = 'e';
-     }
-  }
-
-  /* Step 1c */
-  if( z[0]=='y' && hasVowel(z+1) ){
-    z[0] = 'i';
-  }
-
-  /* Step 2 */
-  switch( z[1] ){
-   case 'a':
-     stem(&z, "lanoita", "ate", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "lanoit", "tion", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-   case 'c':
-     stem(&z, "icne", "ence", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "icna", "ance", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-   case 'e':
-     stem(&z, "rezi", "ize", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-   case 'g':
-     stem(&z, "igol", "log", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-   case 'l':
-     stem(&z, "ilb", "ble", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "illa", "al", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "iltne", "ent", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "ile", "e", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "ilsuo", "ous", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-   case 'o':
-     stem(&z, "noitazi", "ize", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "noita", "ate", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "rota", "ate", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-   case 's':
-     stem(&z, "msila", "al", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "ssenevi", "ive", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "ssenluf", "ful", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "ssensuo", "ous", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-   case 't':
-     stem(&z, "itila", "al", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "itivi", "ive", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "itilib", "ble", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-  }
-
-  /* Step 3 */
-  switch( z[0] ){
-   case 'e':
-     stem(&z, "etaci", "ic", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "evita", "", m_gt_0)   ||
-     stem(&z, "ezila", "al", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-   case 'i':
-     stem(&z, "itici", "ic", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-   case 'l':
-     stem(&z, "laci", "ic", m_gt_0) ||
-     stem(&z, "luf", "", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-   case 's':
-     stem(&z, "ssen", "", m_gt_0);
-     break;
-  }
-
-  /* Step 4 */
-  switch( z[1] ){
-   case 'a':
-     if( z[0]=='l' && m_gt_1(z+2) ){
-       z += 2;
-     }
-     break;
-   case 'c':
-     if( z[0]=='e' && z[2]=='n' && (z[3]=='a' || z[3]=='e')  && m_gt_1(z+4)  ){
-       z += 4;
-     }
-     break;
-   case 'e':
-     if( z[0]=='r' && m_gt_1(z+2) ){
-       z += 2;
-     }
-     break;
-   case 'i':
-     if( z[0]=='c' && m_gt_1(z+2) ){
-       z += 2;
-     }
-     break;
-   case 'l':
-     if( z[0]=='e' && z[2]=='b' && (z[3]=='a' || z[3]=='i') && m_gt_1(z+4) ){
-       z += 4;
-     }
-     break;
-   case 'n':
-     if( z[0]=='t' ){
-       if( z[2]=='a' ){
-         if( m_gt_1(z+3) ){
-           z += 3;
-         }
-       }else if( z[2]=='e' ){
-         stem(&z, "tneme", "", m_gt_1) ||
-         stem(&z, "tnem", "", m_gt_1) ||
-         stem(&z, "tne", "", m_gt_1);
-       }
-     }
-     break;
-   case 'o':
-     if( z[0]=='u' ){
-       if( m_gt_1(z+2) ){
-         z += 2;
-       }
-     }else if( z[3]=='s' || z[3]=='t' ){
-       stem(&z, "noi", "", m_gt_1);
-     }
-     break;
-   case 's':
-     if( z[0]=='m' && z[2]=='i' && m_gt_1(z+3) ){
-       z += 3;
-     }
-     break;
-   case 't':
-     stem(&z, "eta", "", m_gt_1) ||
-     stem(&z, "iti", "", m_gt_1);
-     break;
-   case 'u':
-     if( z[0]=='s' && z[2]=='o' && m_gt_1(z+3) ){
-       z += 3;
-     }
-     break;
-   case 'v':
-   case 'z':
-     if( z[0]=='e' && z[2]=='i' && m_gt_1(z+3) ){
-       z += 3;
-     }
-     break;
-  }
-
-  /* Step 5a */
-  if( z[0]=='e' ){
-    if( m_gt_1(z+1) ){
-      z++;
-    }else if( m_eq_1(z+1) && !star_oh(z+1) ){
-      z++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Step 5b */
-  if( m_gt_1(z) && z[0]=='l' && z[1]=='l' ){
-    z++;
-  }
-
-  /* z[] is now the stemmed word in reverse order.  Flip it back
-  ** around into forward order and return.
-  */
-  *pnOut = i = (int)strlen(z);
-  zOut[i] = 0;
-  while( *z ){
-    zOut[--i] = *(z++);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Characters that can be part of a token.  We assume any character
-** whose value is greater than 0x80 (any UTF character) can be
-** part of a token.  In other words, delimiters all must have
-** values of 0x7f or lower.
-*/
-static const char porterIdChar[] = {
-/* x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 xA xB xC xD xE xF */
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 3x */
-    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  /* 4x */
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,  /* 5x */
-    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  /* 6x */
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 7x */
-};
-#define isDelim(C) (((ch=C)&0x80)==0 && (ch<0x30 || !porterIdChar[ch-0x30]))
-
-/*
-** Extract the next token from a tokenization cursor.  The cursor must
-** have been opened by a prior call to porterOpen().
-*/
-static int porterNext(
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor,  /* Cursor returned by porterOpen */
-  const char **pzToken,               /* OUT: *pzToken is the token text */
-  int *pnBytes,                       /* OUT: Number of bytes in token */
-  int *piStartOffset,                 /* OUT: Starting offset of token */
-  int *piEndOffset,                   /* OUT: Ending offset of token */
-  int *piPosition                     /* OUT: Position integer of token */
-){
-  porter_tokenizer_cursor *c = (porter_tokenizer_cursor *) pCursor;
-  const char *z = c->zInput;
-
-  while( c->iOffset<c->nInput ){
-    int iStartOffset, ch;
-
-    /* Scan past delimiter characters */
-    while( c->iOffset<c->nInput && isDelim(z[c->iOffset]) ){
-      c->iOffset++;
-    }
-
-    /* Count non-delimiter characters. */
-    iStartOffset = c->iOffset;
-    while( c->iOffset<c->nInput && !isDelim(z[c->iOffset]) ){
-      c->iOffset++;
-    }
-
-    if( c->iOffset>iStartOffset ){
-      int n = c->iOffset-iStartOffset;
-      if( n>c->nAllocated ){
-        char *pNew;
-        c->nAllocated = n+20;
-        pNew = sqlite3_realloc(c->zToken, c->nAllocated);
-        if( !pNew ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        c->zToken = pNew;
-      }
-      porter_stemmer(&z[iStartOffset], n, c->zToken, pnBytes);
-      *pzToken = c->zToken;
-      *piStartOffset = iStartOffset;
-      *piEndOffset = c->iOffset;
-      *piPosition = c->iToken++;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_DONE;
-}
-
-/*
-** The set of routines that implement the porter-stemmer tokenizer
-*/
-static const sqlite3_tokenizer_module porterTokenizerModule = {
-  0,
-  porterCreate,
-  porterDestroy,
-  porterOpen,
-  porterClose,
-  porterNext,
-};
-
-/*
-** Allocate a new porter tokenizer.  Return a pointer to the new
-** tokenizer in *ppModule
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3PorterTokenizerModule(
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_module const**ppModule
-){
-  *ppModule = &porterTokenizerModule;
-}
-
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) */
-
-/************** End of fts3_porter.c *****************************************/
-/************** Begin file fts3_tokenizer.c **********************************/
-/*
-** 2007 June 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This is part of an SQLite module implementing full-text search.
-** This particular file implements the generic tokenizer interface.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The code in this file is only compiled if:
-**
-**     * The FTS3 module is being built as an extension
-**       (in which case SQLITE_CORE is not defined), or
-**
-**     * The FTS3 module is being built into the core of
-**       SQLite (in which case SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 is defined).
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
-  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the SQL scalar function for accessing the underlying 
-** hash table. This function may be called as follows:
-**
-**   SELECT <function-name>(<key-name>);
-**   SELECT <function-name>(<key-name>, <pointer>);
-**
-** where <function-name> is the name passed as the second argument
-** to the sqlite3Fts3InitHashTable() function (e.g. 'fts3_tokenizer').
-**
-** If the <pointer> argument is specified, it must be a blob value
-** containing a pointer to be stored as the hash data corresponding
-** to the string <key-name>. If <pointer> is not specified, then
-** the string <key-name> must already exist in the has table. Otherwise,
-** an error is returned.
-**
-** Whether or not the <pointer> argument is specified, the value returned
-** is a blob containing the pointer stored as the hash data corresponding
-** to string <key-name> (after the hash-table is updated, if applicable).
-*/
-static void scalarFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  Fts3Hash *pHash;
-  void *pPtr = 0;
-  const unsigned char *zName;
-  int nName;
-
-  assert( argc==1 || argc==2 );
-
-  pHash = (Fts3Hash *)sqlite3_user_data(context);
-
-  zName = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  nName = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0])+1;
-
-  if( argc==2 ){
-    void *pOld;
-    int n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
-    if( n!=sizeof(pPtr) ){
-      sqlite3_result_error(context, "argument type mismatch", -1);
-      return;
-    }
-    pPtr = *(void **)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[1]);
-    pOld = sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(pHash, (void *)zName, nName, pPtr);
-    if( pOld==pPtr ){
-      sqlite3_result_error(context, "out of memory", -1);
-      return;
-    }
-  }else{
-    pPtr = sqlite3Fts3HashFind(pHash, zName, nName);
-    if( !pPtr ){
-      char *zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("unknown tokenizer: %s", zName);
-      sqlite3_result_error(context, zErr, -1);
-      sqlite3_free(zErr);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_result_blob(context, (void *)&pPtr, sizeof(pPtr), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-}
-
-static int fts3IsIdChar(char c){
-  static const char isFtsIdChar[] = {
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 0x */
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 1x */
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 2x */
-      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 3x */
-      0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  /* 4x */
-      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,  /* 5x */
-      0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  /* 6x */
-      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 7x */
-  };
-  return (c&0x80 || isFtsIdChar[(int)(c)]);
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3Fts3NextToken(const char *zStr, int *pn){
-  const char *z1;
-  const char *z2 = 0;
-
-  /* Find the start of the next token. */
-  z1 = zStr;
-  while( z2==0 ){
-    char c = *z1;
-    switch( c ){
-      case '\0': return 0;        /* No more tokens here */
-      case '\'':
-      case '"':
-      case '`': {
-        z2 = z1;
-        while( *++z2 && (*z2!=c || *++z2==c) );
-        break;
-      }
-      case '[':
-        z2 = &z1[1];
-        while( *z2 && z2[0]!=']' ) z2++;
-        if( *z2 ) z2++;
-        break;
-
-      default:
-        if( fts3IsIdChar(*z1) ){
-          z2 = &z1[1];
-          while( fts3IsIdChar(*z2) ) z2++;
-        }else{
-          z1++;
-        }
-    }
-  }
-
-  *pn = (int)(z2-z1);
-  return z1;
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(
-  Fts3Hash *pHash,                /* Tokenizer hash table */
-  const char *zArg,               /* Possible tokenizer specification */
-  sqlite3_tokenizer **ppTok,      /* OUT: Tokenizer (if applicable) */
-  const char **pzTokenizer,       /* OUT: Set to zArg if is tokenizer */
-  char **pzErr                    /* OUT: Set to malloced error message */
-){
-  int rc;
-  char *z = (char *)zArg;
-  int n;
-  char *zCopy;
-  char *zEnd;                     /* Pointer to nul-term of zCopy */
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_module *m;
-
-  if( !z ){
-    zCopy = sqlite3_mprintf("simple");
-  }else{
-    if( sqlite3_strnicmp(z, "tokenize", 8) || fts3IsIdChar(z[8])){
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-    zCopy = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", &z[8]);
-    *pzTokenizer = zArg;
-  }
-  if( !zCopy ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  zEnd = &zCopy[strlen(zCopy)];
-
-  z = (char *)sqlite3Fts3NextToken(zCopy, &n);
-  z[n] = '\0';
-  sqlite3Fts3Dequote(z);
-
-  m = (sqlite3_tokenizer_module *)sqlite3Fts3HashFind(pHash, z, (int)strlen(z)+1);
-  if( !m ){
-    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("unknown tokenizer: %s", z);
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }else{
-    char const **aArg = 0;
-    int iArg = 0;
-    z = &z[n+1];
-    while( z<zEnd && (NULL!=(z = (char *)sqlite3Fts3NextToken(z, &n))) ){
-      int nNew = sizeof(char *)*(iArg+1);
-      char const **aNew = (const char **)sqlite3_realloc((void *)aArg, nNew);
-      if( !aNew ){
-        sqlite3_free(zCopy);
-        sqlite3_free((void *)aArg);
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-      aArg = aNew;
-      aArg[iArg++] = z;
-      z[n] = '\0';
-      sqlite3Fts3Dequote(z);
-      z = &z[n+1];
-    }
-    rc = m->xCreate(iArg, aArg, ppTok);
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || *ppTok );
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("unknown tokenizer");
-    }else{
-      (*ppTok)->pModule = m; 
-    }
-    sqlite3_free((void *)aArg);
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_free(zCopy);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-
-
-/*
-** Implementation of a special SQL scalar function for testing tokenizers 
-** designed to be used in concert with the Tcl testing framework. This
-** function must be called with two arguments:
-**
-**   SELECT <function-name>(<key-name>, <input-string>);
-**   SELECT <function-name>(<key-name>, <pointer>);
-**
-** where <function-name> is the name passed as the second argument
-** to the sqlite3Fts3InitHashTable() function (e.g. 'fts3_tokenizer')
-** concatenated with the string '_test' (e.g. 'fts3_tokenizer_test').
-**
-** The return value is a string that may be interpreted as a Tcl
-** list. For each token in the <input-string>, three elements are
-** added to the returned list. The first is the token position, the 
-** second is the token text (folded, stemmed, etc.) and the third is the
-** substring of <input-string> associated with the token. For example, 
-** using the built-in "simple" tokenizer:
-**
-**   SELECT fts_tokenizer_test('simple', 'I don't see how');
-**
-** will return the string:
-**
-**   "{0 i I 1 dont don't 2 see see 3 how how}"
-**   
-*/
-static void testFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  Fts3Hash *pHash;
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_module *p;
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer = 0;
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCsr = 0;
-
-  const char *zErr = 0;
-
-  const char *zName;
-  int nName;
-  const char *zInput;
-  int nInput;
-
-  const char *zArg = 0;
-
-  const char *zToken;
-  int nToken;
-  int iStart;
-  int iEnd;
-  int iPos;
-
-  Tcl_Obj *pRet;
-
-  assert( argc==2 || argc==3 );
-
-  nName = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-  zName = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  nInput = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[argc-1]);
-  zInput = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[argc-1]);
-
-  if( argc==3 ){
-    zArg = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-  }
-
-  pHash = (Fts3Hash *)sqlite3_user_data(context);
-  p = (sqlite3_tokenizer_module *)sqlite3Fts3HashFind(pHash, zName, nName+1);
-
-  if( !p ){
-    char *zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("unknown tokenizer: %s", zName);
-    sqlite3_result_error(context, zErr, -1);
-    sqlite3_free(zErr);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  pRet = Tcl_NewObj();
-  Tcl_IncrRefCount(pRet);
-
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=p->xCreate(zArg ? 1 : 0, &zArg, &pTokenizer) ){
-    zErr = "error in xCreate()";
-    goto finish;
-  }
-  pTokenizer->pModule = p;
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=p->xOpen(pTokenizer, zInput, nInput, &pCsr) ){
-    zErr = "error in xOpen()";
-    goto finish;
-  }
-  pCsr->pTokenizer = pTokenizer;
-
-  while( SQLITE_OK==p->xNext(pCsr, &zToken, &nToken, &iStart, &iEnd, &iPos) ){
-    Tcl_ListObjAppendElement(0, pRet, Tcl_NewIntObj(iPos));
-    Tcl_ListObjAppendElement(0, pRet, Tcl_NewStringObj(zToken, nToken));
-    zToken = &zInput[iStart];
-    nToken = iEnd-iStart;
-    Tcl_ListObjAppendElement(0, pRet, Tcl_NewStringObj(zToken, nToken));
-  }
-
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=p->xClose(pCsr) ){
-    zErr = "error in xClose()";
-    goto finish;
-  }
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=p->xDestroy(pTokenizer) ){
-    zErr = "error in xDestroy()";
-    goto finish;
-  }
-
-finish:
-  if( zErr ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(context, zErr, -1);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, Tcl_GetString(pRet), -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  }
-  Tcl_DecrRefCount(pRet);
-}
-
-static
-int registerTokenizer(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  char *zName, 
-  const sqlite3_tokenizer_module *p
-){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  const char zSql[] = "SELECT fts3_tokenizer(?, ?)";
-
-  rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 1, zName, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-  sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, 2, &p, sizeof(p), SQLITE_STATIC);
-  sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-
-  return sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-}
-
-static
-int queryTokenizer(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  char *zName,  
-  const sqlite3_tokenizer_module **pp
-){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  const char zSql[] = "SELECT fts3_tokenizer(?)";
-
-  *pp = 0;
-  rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 1, zName, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-  if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-    if( sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, 0)==SQLITE_BLOB ){
-      memcpy((void *)pp, sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 0), sizeof(*pp));
-    }
-  }
-
-  return sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3SimpleTokenizerModule(sqlite3_tokenizer_module const**ppModule);
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the scalar function fts3_tokenizer_internal_test().
-** This function is used for testing only, it is not included in the
-** build unless SQLITE_TEST is defined.
-**
-** The purpose of this is to test that the fts3_tokenizer() function
-** can be used as designed by the C-code in the queryTokenizer and
-** registerTokenizer() functions above. These two functions are repeated
-** in the README.tokenizer file as an example, so it is important to
-** test them.
-**
-** To run the tests, evaluate the fts3_tokenizer_internal_test() scalar
-** function with no arguments. An assert() will fail if a problem is
-** detected. i.e.:
-**
-**     SELECT fts3_tokenizer_internal_test();
-**
-*/
-static void intTestFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  int rc;
-  const sqlite3_tokenizer_module *p1;
-  const sqlite3_tokenizer_module *p2;
-  sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3 *)sqlite3_user_data(context);
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argv);
-
-  /* Test the query function */
-  sqlite3Fts3SimpleTokenizerModule(&p1);
-  rc = queryTokenizer(db, "simple", &p2);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-  assert( p1==p2 );
-  rc = queryTokenizer(db, "nosuchtokenizer", &p2);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_ERROR );
-  assert( p2==0 );
-  assert( 0==strcmp(sqlite3_errmsg(db), "unknown tokenizer: nosuchtokenizer") );
-
-  /* Test the storage function */
-  rc = registerTokenizer(db, "nosuchtokenizer", p1);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-  rc = queryTokenizer(db, "nosuchtokenizer", &p2);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-  assert( p2==p1 );
-
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, "ok", -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
-}
-
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Set up SQL objects in database db used to access the contents of
-** the hash table pointed to by argument pHash. The hash table must
-** been initialised to use string keys, and to take a private copy 
-** of the key when a value is inserted. i.e. by a call similar to:
-**
-**    sqlite3Fts3HashInit(pHash, FTS3_HASH_STRING, 1);
-**
-** This function adds a scalar function (see header comment above
-** scalarFunc() in this file for details) and, if ENABLE_TABLE is
-** defined at compilation time, a temporary virtual table (see header 
-** comment above struct HashTableVtab) to the database schema. Both 
-** provide read/write access to the contents of *pHash.
-**
-** The third argument to this function, zName, is used as the name
-** of both the scalar and, if created, the virtual table.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitHashTable(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  Fts3Hash *pHash, 
-  const char *zName
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  void *p = (void *)pHash;
-  const int any = SQLITE_ANY;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  char *zTest = 0;
-  char *zTest2 = 0;
-  void *pdb = (void *)db;
-  zTest = sqlite3_mprintf("%s_test", zName);
-  zTest2 = sqlite3_mprintf("%s_internal_test", zName);
-  if( !zTest || !zTest2 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=rc
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, zName, 1, any, p, scalarFunc, 0, 0))
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, zName, 2, any, p, scalarFunc, 0, 0))
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, zTest, 2, any, p, testFunc, 0, 0))
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, zTest, 3, any, p, testFunc, 0, 0))
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, zTest2, 0, any, pdb, intTestFunc, 0, 0))
-#endif
-   );
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  sqlite3_free(zTest);
-  sqlite3_free(zTest2);
-#endif
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) */
-
-/************** End of fts3_tokenizer.c **************************************/
-/************** Begin file fts3_tokenizer1.c *********************************/
-/*
-** 2006 Oct 10
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** Implementation of the "simple" full-text-search tokenizer.
-*/
-
-/*
-** The code in this file is only compiled if:
-**
-**     * The FTS3 module is being built as an extension
-**       (in which case SQLITE_CORE is not defined), or
-**
-**     * The FTS3 module is being built into the core of
-**       SQLite (in which case SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 is defined).
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
-
-
-
-
-typedef struct simple_tokenizer {
-  sqlite3_tokenizer base;
-  char delim[128];             /* flag ASCII delimiters */
-} simple_tokenizer;
-
-typedef struct simple_tokenizer_cursor {
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor base;
-  const char *pInput;          /* input we are tokenizing */
-  int nBytes;                  /* size of the input */
-  int iOffset;                 /* current position in pInput */
-  int iToken;                  /* index of next token to be returned */
-  char *pToken;                /* storage for current token */
-  int nTokenAllocated;         /* space allocated to zToken buffer */
-} simple_tokenizer_cursor;
-
-
-static int simpleDelim(simple_tokenizer *t, unsigned char c){
-  return c<0x80 && t->delim[c];
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a new tokenizer instance.
-*/
-static int simpleCreate(
-  int argc, const char * const *argv,
-  sqlite3_tokenizer **ppTokenizer
-){
-  simple_tokenizer *t;
-
-  t = (simple_tokenizer *) sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*t));
-  if( t==NULL ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  memset(t, 0, sizeof(*t));
-
-  /* TODO(shess) Delimiters need to remain the same from run to run,
-  ** else we need to reindex.  One solution would be a meta-table to
-  ** track such information in the database, then we'd only want this
-  ** information on the initial create.
-  */
-  if( argc>1 ){
-    int i, n = (int)strlen(argv[1]);
-    for(i=0; i<n; i++){
-      unsigned char ch = argv[1][i];
-      /* We explicitly don't support UTF-8 delimiters for now. */
-      if( ch>=0x80 ){
-        sqlite3_free(t);
-        return SQLITE_ERROR;
-      }
-      t->delim[ch] = 1;
-    }
-  } else {
-    /* Mark non-alphanumeric ASCII characters as delimiters */
-    int i;
-    for(i=1; i<0x80; i++){
-      t->delim[i] = !isalnum(i) ? -1 : 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  *ppTokenizer = &t->base;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Destroy a tokenizer
-*/
-static int simpleDestroy(sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer){
-  sqlite3_free(pTokenizer);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Prepare to begin tokenizing a particular string.  The input
-** string to be tokenized is pInput[0..nBytes-1].  A cursor
-** used to incrementally tokenize this string is returned in 
-** *ppCursor.
-*/
-static int simpleOpen(
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer,         /* The tokenizer */
-  const char *pInput, int nBytes,        /* String to be tokenized */
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor **ppCursor    /* OUT: Tokenization cursor */
-){
-  simple_tokenizer_cursor *c;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pTokenizer);
-
-  c = (simple_tokenizer_cursor *) sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*c));
-  if( c==NULL ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-
-  c->pInput = pInput;
-  if( pInput==0 ){
-    c->nBytes = 0;
-  }else if( nBytes<0 ){
-    c->nBytes = (int)strlen(pInput);
-  }else{
-    c->nBytes = nBytes;
-  }
-  c->iOffset = 0;                 /* start tokenizing at the beginning */
-  c->iToken = 0;
-  c->pToken = NULL;               /* no space allocated, yet. */
-  c->nTokenAllocated = 0;
-
-  *ppCursor = &c->base;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a tokenization cursor previously opened by a call to
-** simpleOpen() above.
-*/
-static int simpleClose(sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor){
-  simple_tokenizer_cursor *c = (simple_tokenizer_cursor *) pCursor;
-  sqlite3_free(c->pToken);
-  sqlite3_free(c);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Extract the next token from a tokenization cursor.  The cursor must
-** have been opened by a prior call to simpleOpen().
-*/
-static int simpleNext(
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor,  /* Cursor returned by simpleOpen */
-  const char **ppToken,               /* OUT: *ppToken is the token text */
-  int *pnBytes,                       /* OUT: Number of bytes in token */
-  int *piStartOffset,                 /* OUT: Starting offset of token */
-  int *piEndOffset,                   /* OUT: Ending offset of token */
-  int *piPosition                     /* OUT: Position integer of token */
-){
-  simple_tokenizer_cursor *c = (simple_tokenizer_cursor *) pCursor;
-  simple_tokenizer *t = (simple_tokenizer *) pCursor->pTokenizer;
-  unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)c->pInput;
-
-  while( c->iOffset<c->nBytes ){
-    int iStartOffset;
-
-    /* Scan past delimiter characters */
-    while( c->iOffset<c->nBytes && simpleDelim(t, p[c->iOffset]) ){
-      c->iOffset++;
-    }
-
-    /* Count non-delimiter characters. */
-    iStartOffset = c->iOffset;
-    while( c->iOffset<c->nBytes && !simpleDelim(t, p[c->iOffset]) ){
-      c->iOffset++;
-    }
-
-    if( c->iOffset>iStartOffset ){
-      int i, n = c->iOffset-iStartOffset;
-      if( n>c->nTokenAllocated ){
-        char *pNew;
-        c->nTokenAllocated = n+20;
-        pNew = sqlite3_realloc(c->pToken, c->nTokenAllocated);
-        if( !pNew ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        c->pToken = pNew;
-      }
-      for(i=0; i<n; i++){
-        /* TODO(shess) This needs expansion to handle UTF-8
-        ** case-insensitivity.
-        */
-        unsigned char ch = p[iStartOffset+i];
-        c->pToken[i] = (char)(ch<0x80 ? tolower(ch) : ch);
-      }
-      *ppToken = c->pToken;
-      *pnBytes = n;
-      *piStartOffset = iStartOffset;
-      *piEndOffset = c->iOffset;
-      *piPosition = c->iToken++;
-
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_DONE;
-}
-
-/*
-** The set of routines that implement the simple tokenizer
-*/
-static const sqlite3_tokenizer_module simpleTokenizerModule = {
-  0,
-  simpleCreate,
-  simpleDestroy,
-  simpleOpen,
-  simpleClose,
-  simpleNext,
-};
-
-/*
-** Allocate a new simple tokenizer.  Return a pointer to the new
-** tokenizer in *ppModule
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3SimpleTokenizerModule(
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_module const**ppModule
-){
-  *ppModule = &simpleTokenizerModule;
-}
-
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) */
-
-/************** End of fts3_tokenizer1.c *************************************/
-/************** Begin file fts3_write.c **************************************/
-/*
-** 2009 Oct 23
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-**
-** This file is part of the SQLite FTS3 extension module. Specifically,
-** this file contains code to insert, update and delete rows from FTS3
-** tables. It also contains code to merge FTS3 b-tree segments. Some
-** of the sub-routines used to merge segments are also used by the query 
-** code in fts3.c.
-*/
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
-
-
-typedef struct PendingList PendingList;
-typedef struct SegmentNode SegmentNode;
-typedef struct SegmentWriter SegmentWriter;
-
-/*
-** Data structure used while accumulating terms in the pending-terms hash
-** table. The hash table entry maps from term (a string) to a malloc'd
-** instance of this structure.
-*/
-struct PendingList {
-  int nData;
-  char *aData;
-  int nSpace;
-  sqlite3_int64 iLastDocid;
-  sqlite3_int64 iLastCol;
-  sqlite3_int64 iLastPos;
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of this structure is used to iterate through the terms on
-** a contiguous set of segment b-tree leaf nodes. Although the details of
-** this structure are only manipulated by code in this file, opaque handles
-** of type Fts3SegReader* are also used by code in fts3.c to iterate through
-** terms when querying the full-text index. See functions:
-**
-**   sqlite3Fts3SegReaderNew()
-**   sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree()
-**   sqlite3Fts3SegReaderIterate()
-**
-** Methods used to manipulate Fts3SegReader structures:
-**
-**   fts3SegReaderNext()
-**   fts3SegReaderFirstDocid()
-**   fts3SegReaderNextDocid()
-*/
-struct Fts3SegReader {
-  int iIdx;                       /* Index within level, or 0x7FFFFFFF for PT */
-  sqlite3_int64 iStartBlock;
-  sqlite3_int64 iEndBlock;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;            /* SQL Statement to access leaf nodes */
-  char *aNode;                    /* Pointer to node data (or NULL) */
-  int nNode;                      /* Size of buffer at aNode (or 0) */
-  int nTermAlloc;                 /* Allocated size of zTerm buffer */
-  Fts3HashElem **ppNextElem;
-
-  /* Variables set by fts3SegReaderNext(). These may be read directly
-  ** by the caller. They are valid from the time SegmentReaderNew() returns
-  ** until SegmentReaderNext() returns something other than SQLITE_OK
-  ** (i.e. SQLITE_DONE).
-  */
-  int nTerm;                      /* Number of bytes in current term */
-  char *zTerm;                    /* Pointer to current term */
-  char *aDoclist;                 /* Pointer to doclist of current entry */
-  int nDoclist;                   /* Size of doclist in current entry */
-
-  /* The following variables are used to iterate through the current doclist */
-  char *pOffsetList;
-  sqlite3_int64 iDocid;
-};
-
-#define fts3SegReaderIsPending(p) ((p)->ppNextElem!=0)
-
-/*
-** An instance of this structure is used to create a segment b-tree in the
-** database. The internal details of this type are only accessed by the
-** following functions:
-**
-**   fts3SegWriterAdd()
-**   fts3SegWriterFlush()
-**   fts3SegWriterFree()
-*/
-struct SegmentWriter {
-  SegmentNode *pTree;             /* Pointer to interior tree structure */
-  sqlite3_int64 iFirst;           /* First slot in %_segments written */
-  sqlite3_int64 iFree;            /* Next free slot in %_segments */
-  char *zTerm;                    /* Pointer to previous term buffer */
-  int nTerm;                      /* Number of bytes in zTerm */
-  int nMalloc;                    /* Size of malloc'd buffer at zMalloc */
-  char *zMalloc;                  /* Malloc'd space (possibly) used for zTerm */
-  int nSize;                      /* Size of allocation at aData */
-  int nData;                      /* Bytes of data in aData */
-  char *aData;                    /* Pointer to block from malloc() */
-};
-
-/*
-** Type SegmentNode is used by the following three functions to create
-** the interior part of the segment b+-tree structures (everything except
-** the leaf nodes). These functions and type are only ever used by code
-** within the fts3SegWriterXXX() family of functions described above.
-**
-**   fts3NodeAddTerm()
-**   fts3NodeWrite()
-**   fts3NodeFree()
-*/
-struct SegmentNode {
-  SegmentNode *pParent;           /* Parent node (or NULL for root node) */
-  SegmentNode *pRight;            /* Pointer to right-sibling */
-  SegmentNode *pLeftmost;         /* Pointer to left-most node of this depth */
-  int nEntry;                     /* Number of terms written to node so far */
-  char *zTerm;                    /* Pointer to previous term buffer */
-  int nTerm;                      /* Number of bytes in zTerm */
-  int nMalloc;                    /* Size of malloc'd buffer at zMalloc */
-  char *zMalloc;                  /* Malloc'd space (possibly) used for zTerm */
-  int nData;                      /* Bytes of valid data so far */
-  char *aData;                    /* Node data */
-};
-
-/*
-** Valid values for the second argument to fts3SqlStmt().
-*/
-#define SQL_DELETE_CONTENT             0
-#define SQL_IS_EMPTY                   1
-#define SQL_DELETE_ALL_CONTENT         2 
-#define SQL_DELETE_ALL_SEGMENTS        3
-#define SQL_DELETE_ALL_SEGDIR          4
-#define SQL_DELETE_ALL_DOCSIZE         5
-#define SQL_DELETE_ALL_STAT            6
-#define SQL_SELECT_CONTENT_BY_ROWID    7
-#define SQL_NEXT_SEGMENT_INDEX         8
-#define SQL_INSERT_SEGMENTS            9
-#define SQL_NEXT_SEGMENTS_ID          10
-#define SQL_INSERT_SEGDIR             11
-#define SQL_SELECT_LEVEL              12
-#define SQL_SELECT_ALL_LEVEL          13
-#define SQL_SELECT_LEVEL_COUNT        14
-#define SQL_SELECT_SEGDIR_COUNT_MAX   15
-#define SQL_DELETE_SEGDIR_BY_LEVEL    16
-#define SQL_DELETE_SEGMENTS_RANGE     17
-#define SQL_CONTENT_INSERT            18
-#define SQL_GET_BLOCK                 19
-#define SQL_DELETE_DOCSIZE            20
-#define SQL_REPLACE_DOCSIZE           21
-#define SQL_SELECT_DOCSIZE            22
-#define SQL_SELECT_DOCTOTAL           23
-#define SQL_REPLACE_DOCTOTAL          24
-
-/*
-** This function is used to obtain an SQLite prepared statement handle
-** for the statement identified by the second argument. If successful,
-** *pp is set to the requested statement handle and SQLITE_OK returned.
-** Otherwise, an SQLite error code is returned and *pp is set to 0.
-**
-** If argument apVal is not NULL, then it must point to an array with
-** at least as many entries as the requested statement has bound 
-** parameters. The values are bound to the statements parameters before
-** returning.
-*/
-static int fts3SqlStmt(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  int eStmt,                      /* One of the SQL_XXX constants above */
-  sqlite3_stmt **pp,              /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Values to bind to statement */
-){
-  const char *azSql[] = {
-/* 0  */  "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_content' WHERE rowid = ?",
-/* 1  */  "SELECT NOT EXISTS(SELECT docid FROM %Q.'%q_content' WHERE rowid!=?)",
-/* 2  */  "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_content'",
-/* 3  */  "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_segments'",
-/* 4  */  "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_segdir'",
-/* 5  */  "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_docsize'",
-/* 6  */  "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_stat'",
-/* 7  */  "SELECT * FROM %Q.'%q_content' WHERE rowid=?",
-/* 8  */  "SELECT (SELECT max(idx) FROM %Q.'%q_segdir' WHERE level = ?) + 1",
-/* 9  */  "INSERT INTO %Q.'%q_segments'(blockid, block) VALUES(?, ?)",
-/* 10 */  "SELECT coalesce((SELECT max(blockid) FROM %Q.'%q_segments') + 1, 1)",
-/* 11 */  "INSERT INTO %Q.'%q_segdir' VALUES(?,?,?,?,?,?)",
-
-          /* Return segments in order from oldest to newest.*/ 
-/* 12 */  "SELECT idx, start_block, leaves_end_block, end_block, root "
-            "FROM %Q.'%q_segdir' WHERE level = ? ORDER BY idx ASC",
-/* 13 */  "SELECT idx, start_block, leaves_end_block, end_block, root "
-            "FROM %Q.'%q_segdir' ORDER BY level DESC, idx ASC",
-
-/* 14 */  "SELECT count(*) FROM %Q.'%q_segdir' WHERE level = ?",
-/* 15 */  "SELECT count(*), max(level) FROM %Q.'%q_segdir'",
-
-/* 16 */  "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_segdir' WHERE level = ?",
-/* 17 */  "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_segments' WHERE blockid BETWEEN ? AND ?",
-/* 18 */  "INSERT INTO %Q.'%q_content' VALUES(%z)",
-/* 19 */  "SELECT block FROM %Q.'%q_segments' WHERE blockid = ?",
-/* 20 */  "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_docsize' WHERE docid = ?",
-/* 21 */  "REPLACE INTO %Q.'%q_docsize' VALUES(?,?)",
-/* 22 */  "SELECT size FROM %Q.'%q_docsize' WHERE docid=?",
-/* 23 */  "SELECT value FROM %Q.'%q_stat' WHERE id=0",
-/* 24 */  "REPLACE INTO %Q.'%q_stat' VALUES(0,?)",
-  };
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-
-  assert( SizeofArray(azSql)==SizeofArray(p->aStmt) );
-  assert( eStmt<SizeofArray(azSql) && eStmt>=0 );
-  
-  pStmt = p->aStmt[eStmt];
-  if( !pStmt ){
-    char *zSql;
-    if( eStmt==SQL_CONTENT_INSERT ){
-      int i;                      /* Iterator variable */  
-      char *zVarlist;             /* The "?, ?, ..." string */
-      zVarlist = (char *)sqlite3_malloc(2*p->nColumn+2);
-      if( !zVarlist ){
-        *pp = 0;
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-      zVarlist[0] = '?';
-      zVarlist[p->nColumn*2+1] = '\0';
-      for(i=1; i<=p->nColumn; i++){
-        zVarlist[i*2-1] = ',';
-        zVarlist[i*2] = '?';
-      }
-      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[eStmt], p->zDb, p->zName, zVarlist);
-    }else{
-      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[eStmt], p->zDb, p->zName);
-    }
-    if( !zSql ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, NULL);
-      sqlite3_free(zSql);
-      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pStmt==0 );
-      p->aStmt[eStmt] = pStmt;
-    }
-  }
-  if( apVal ){
-    int i;
-    int nParam = sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(pStmt);
-    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<nParam; i++){
-      rc = sqlite3_bind_value(pStmt, i+1, apVal[i]);
-    }
-  }
-  *pp = pStmt;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Similar to fts3SqlStmt(). Except, after binding the parameters in
-** array apVal[] to the SQL statement identified by eStmt, the statement
-** is executed.
-**
-** Returns SQLITE_OK if the statement is successfully executed, or an
-** SQLite error code otherwise.
-*/
-static void fts3SqlExec(
-  int *pRC,                /* Result code */
-  Fts3Table *p,            /* The FTS3 table */
-  int eStmt,               /* Index of statement to evaluate */
-  sqlite3_value **apVal    /* Parameters to bind */
-){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  int rc;
-  if( *pRC ) return;
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, eStmt, &pStmt, apVal); 
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-    rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  }
-  *pRC = rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Read a single block from the %_segments table. If the specified block
-** does not exist, return SQLITE_CORRUPT. If some other error (malloc, IO 
-** etc.) occurs, return the appropriate SQLite error code.
-**
-** Otherwise, if successful, set *pzBlock to point to a buffer containing
-** the block read from the database, and *pnBlock to the size of the read
-** block in bytes.
-**
-** WARNING: The returned buffer is only valid until the next call to 
-** sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock(
-  Fts3Table *p,
-  sqlite3_int64 iBlock,
-  char const **pzBlock,
-  int *pnBlock
-){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  int rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_GET_BLOCK, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-
-  if( pzBlock ){
-    sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 1, iBlock);
-    rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt); 
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
-      return (rc==SQLITE_DONE ? SQLITE_CORRUPT : rc);
-    }
-  
-    *pnBlock = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 0);
-    *pzBlock = (char *)sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 0);
-    if( sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, 0)!=SQLITE_BLOB ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT;
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set *ppStmt to a statement handle that may be used to iterate through
-** all rows in the %_segdir table, from oldest to newest. If successful,
-** return SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs while preparing the statement, 
-** return an SQLite error code.
-**
-** There is only ever one instance of this SQL statement compiled for
-** each FTS3 table.
-**
-** The statement returns the following columns from the %_segdir table:
-**
-**   0: idx
-**   1: start_block
-**   2: leaves_end_block
-**   3: end_block
-**   4: root
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3AllSegdirs(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt){
-  return fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_ALL_LEVEL, ppStmt, 0);
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Append a single varint to a PendingList buffer. SQLITE_OK is returned
-** if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
-**
-** This function also serves to allocate the PendingList structure itself.
-** For example, to create a new PendingList structure containing two
-** varints:
-**
-**   PendingList *p = 0;
-**   fts3PendingListAppendVarint(&p, 1);
-**   fts3PendingListAppendVarint(&p, 2);
-*/
-static int fts3PendingListAppendVarint(
-  PendingList **pp,               /* IN/OUT: Pointer to PendingList struct */
-  sqlite3_int64 i                 /* Value to append to data */
-){
-  PendingList *p = *pp;
-
-  /* Allocate or grow the PendingList as required. */
-  if( !p ){
-    p = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*p) + 100);
-    if( !p ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    p->nSpace = 100;
-    p->aData = (char *)&p[1];
-    p->nData = 0;
-  }
-  else if( p->nData+FTS3_VARINT_MAX+1>p->nSpace ){
-    int nNew = p->nSpace * 2;
-    p = sqlite3_realloc(p, sizeof(*p) + nNew);
-    if( !p ){
-      sqlite3_free(*pp);
-      *pp = 0;
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    p->nSpace = nNew;
-    p->aData = (char *)&p[1];
-  }
-
-  /* Append the new serialized varint to the end of the list. */
-  p->nData += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&p->aData[p->nData], i);
-  p->aData[p->nData] = '\0';
-  *pp = p;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add a docid/column/position entry to a PendingList structure. Non-zero
-** is returned if the structure is sqlite3_realloced as part of adding
-** the entry. Otherwise, zero.
-**
-** If an OOM error occurs, *pRc is set to SQLITE_NOMEM before returning.
-** Zero is always returned in this case. Otherwise, if no OOM error occurs,
-** it is set to SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-static int fts3PendingListAppend(
-  PendingList **pp,               /* IN/OUT: PendingList structure */
-  sqlite3_int64 iDocid,           /* Docid for entry to add */
-  sqlite3_int64 iCol,             /* Column for entry to add */
-  sqlite3_int64 iPos,             /* Position of term for entry to add */
-  int *pRc                        /* OUT: Return code */
-){
-  PendingList *p = *pp;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  assert( !p || p->iLastDocid<=iDocid );
-
-  if( !p || p->iLastDocid!=iDocid ){
-    sqlite3_int64 iDelta = iDocid - (p ? p->iLastDocid : 0);
-    if( p ){
-      assert( p->nData<p->nSpace );
-      assert( p->aData[p->nData]==0 );
-      p->nData++;
-    }
-    if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = fts3PendingListAppendVarint(&p, iDelta)) ){
-      goto pendinglistappend_out;
-    }
-    p->iLastCol = -1;
-    p->iLastPos = 0;
-    p->iLastDocid = iDocid;
-  }
-  if( iCol>0 && p->iLastCol!=iCol ){
-    if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = fts3PendingListAppendVarint(&p, 1))
-     || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = fts3PendingListAppendVarint(&p, iCol))
-    ){
-      goto pendinglistappend_out;
-    }
-    p->iLastCol = iCol;
-    p->iLastPos = 0;
-  }
-  if( iCol>=0 ){
-    assert( iPos>p->iLastPos || (iPos==0 && p->iLastPos==0) );
-    rc = fts3PendingListAppendVarint(&p, 2+iPos-p->iLastPos);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      p->iLastPos = iPos;
-    }
-  }
-
- pendinglistappend_out:
-  *pRc = rc;
-  if( p!=*pp ){
-    *pp = p;
-    return 1;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Tokenize the nul-terminated string zText and add all tokens to the
-** pending-terms hash-table. The docid used is that currently stored in
-** p->iPrevDocid, and the column is specified by argument iCol.
-**
-** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error code.
-*/
-static int fts3PendingTermsAdd(
-  Fts3Table *p,          /* FTS table into which text will be inserted */
-  const char *zText,     /* Text of document to be inseted */
-  int iCol,              /* Column number into which text is inserted */
-  u32 *pnWord            /* OUT: Number of tokens inserted */
-){
-  int rc;
-  int iStart;
-  int iEnd;
-  int iPos;
-  int nWord = 0;
-
-  char const *zToken;
-  int nToken;
-
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer = p->pTokenizer;
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_module const *pModule = pTokenizer->pModule;
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCsr;
-  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor,
-      const char**,int*,int*,int*,int*);
-
-  assert( pTokenizer && pModule );
-
-  rc = pModule->xOpen(pTokenizer, zText, -1, &pCsr);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  pCsr->pTokenizer = pTokenizer;
-
-  xNext = pModule->xNext;
-  while( SQLITE_OK==rc
-      && SQLITE_OK==(rc = xNext(pCsr, &zToken, &nToken, &iStart, &iEnd, &iPos))
-  ){
-    PendingList *pList;
- 
-    if( iPos>=nWord ) nWord = iPos+1;
-
-    /* Positions cannot be negative; we use -1 as a terminator internally.
-    ** Tokens must have a non-zero length.
-    */
-    if( iPos<0 || !zToken || nToken<=0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-      break;
-    }
-
-    pList = (PendingList *)fts3HashFind(&p->pendingTerms, zToken, nToken);
-    if( pList ){
-      p->nPendingData -= (pList->nData + nToken + sizeof(Fts3HashElem));
-    }
-    if( fts3PendingListAppend(&pList, p->iPrevDocid, iCol, iPos, &rc) ){
-      if( pList==fts3HashInsert(&p->pendingTerms, zToken, nToken, pList) ){
-        /* Malloc failed while inserting the new entry. This can only 
-        ** happen if there was no previous entry for this token.
-        */
-        assert( 0==fts3HashFind(&p->pendingTerms, zToken, nToken) );
-        sqlite3_free(pList);
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      p->nPendingData += (pList->nData + nToken + sizeof(Fts3HashElem));
-    }
-  }
-
-  pModule->xClose(pCsr);
-  *pnWord = nWord;
-  return (rc==SQLITE_DONE ? SQLITE_OK : rc);
-}
-
-/* 
-** Calling this function indicates that subsequent calls to 
-** fts3PendingTermsAdd() are to add term/position-list pairs for the
-** contents of the document with docid iDocid.
-*/
-static int fts3PendingTermsDocid(Fts3Table *p, sqlite_int64 iDocid){
-  /* TODO(shess) Explore whether partially flushing the buffer on
-  ** forced-flush would provide better performance.  I suspect that if
-  ** we ordered the doclists by size and flushed the largest until the
-  ** buffer was half empty, that would let the less frequent terms
-  ** generate longer doclists.
-  */
-  if( iDocid<=p->iPrevDocid || p->nPendingData>p->nMaxPendingData ){
-    int rc = sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(p);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  }
-  p->iPrevDocid = iDocid;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(Fts3Table *p){
-  Fts3HashElem *pElem;
-  for(pElem=fts3HashFirst(&p->pendingTerms); pElem; pElem=fts3HashNext(pElem)){
-    sqlite3_free(fts3HashData(pElem));
-  }
-  fts3HashClear(&p->pendingTerms);
-  p->nPendingData = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called by the xUpdate() method as part of an INSERT
-** operation. It adds entries for each term in the new record to the
-** pendingTerms hash table.
-**
-** Argument apVal is the same as the similarly named argument passed to
-** fts3InsertData(). Parameter iDocid is the docid of the new row.
-*/
-static int fts3InsertTerms(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_value **apVal, u32 *aSz){
-  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-  for(i=2; i<p->nColumn+2; i++){
-    const char *zText = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[i]);
-    if( zText ){
-      int rc = fts3PendingTermsAdd(p, zText, i-2, &aSz[i-2]);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        return rc;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called by the xUpdate() method for an INSERT operation.
-** The apVal parameter is passed a copy of the apVal argument passed by
-** SQLite to the xUpdate() method. i.e:
-**
-**   apVal[0]                Not used for INSERT.
-**   apVal[1]                rowid
-**   apVal[2]                Left-most user-defined column
-**   ...
-**   apVal[p->nColumn+1]     Right-most user-defined column
-**   apVal[p->nColumn+2]     Hidden column with same name as table
-**   apVal[p->nColumn+3]     Hidden "docid" column (alias for rowid)
-*/
-static int fts3InsertData(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Full-text table */
-  sqlite3_value **apVal,          /* Array of values to insert */
-  sqlite3_int64 *piDocid          /* OUT: Docid for row just inserted */
-){
-  int rc;                         /* Return code */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pContentInsert;   /* INSERT INTO %_content VALUES(...) */
-
-  /* Locate the statement handle used to insert data into the %_content
-  ** table. The SQL for this statement is:
-  **
-  **   INSERT INTO %_content VALUES(?, ?, ?, ...)
-  **
-  ** The statement features N '?' variables, where N is the number of user
-  ** defined columns in the FTS3 table, plus one for the docid field.
-  */
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_CONTENT_INSERT, &pContentInsert, &apVal[1]);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* There is a quirk here. The users INSERT statement may have specified
-  ** a value for the "rowid" field, for the "docid" field, or for both.
-  ** Which is a problem, since "rowid" and "docid" are aliases for the
-  ** same value. For example:
-  **
-  **   INSERT INTO fts3tbl(rowid, docid) VALUES(1, 2);
-  **
-  ** In FTS3, this is an error. It is an error to specify non-NULL values
-  ** for both docid and some other rowid alias.
-  */
-  if( SQLITE_NULL!=sqlite3_value_type(apVal[3+p->nColumn]) ){
-    if( SQLITE_NULL==sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0])
-     && SQLITE_NULL!=sqlite3_value_type(apVal[1])
-    ){
-      /* A rowid/docid conflict. */
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3_bind_value(pContentInsert, 1, apVal[3+p->nColumn]);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* Execute the statement to insert the record. Set *piDocid to the 
-  ** new docid value. 
-  */
-  sqlite3_step(pContentInsert);
-  rc = sqlite3_reset(pContentInsert);
-
-  *piDocid = sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(p->db);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-
-/*
-** Remove all data from the FTS3 table. Clear the hash table containing
-** pending terms.
-*/
-static int fts3DeleteAll(Fts3Table *p){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-
-  /* Discard the contents of the pending-terms hash table. */
-  sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(p);
-
-  /* Delete everything from the %_content, %_segments and %_segdir tables. */
-  fts3SqlExec(&rc, p, SQL_DELETE_ALL_CONTENT, 0);
-  fts3SqlExec(&rc, p, SQL_DELETE_ALL_SEGMENTS, 0);
-  fts3SqlExec(&rc, p, SQL_DELETE_ALL_SEGDIR, 0);
-  if( p->bHasDocsize ){
-    fts3SqlExec(&rc, p, SQL_DELETE_ALL_DOCSIZE, 0);
-    fts3SqlExec(&rc, p, SQL_DELETE_ALL_STAT, 0);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The first element in the apVal[] array is assumed to contain the docid
-** (an integer) of a row about to be deleted. Remove all terms from the
-** full-text index.
-*/
-static void fts3DeleteTerms(
-  int *pRC,               /* Result code */
-  Fts3Table *p,           /* The FTS table to delete from */
-  sqlite3_value **apVal,  /* apVal[] contains the docid to be deleted */
-  u32 *aSz                /* Sizes of deleted document written here */
-){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pSelect;
-
-  if( *pRC ) return;
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_CONTENT_BY_ROWID, &pSelect, apVal);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSelect) ){
-      int i;
-      for(i=1; i<=p->nColumn; i++){
-        const char *zText = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pSelect, i);
-        rc = fts3PendingTermsAdd(p, zText, -1, &aSz[i-1]);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          sqlite3_reset(pSelect);
-          *pRC = rc;
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3_reset(pSelect);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_reset(pSelect);
-  }
-  *pRC = rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Forward declaration to account for the circular dependency between
-** functions fts3SegmentMerge() and fts3AllocateSegdirIdx().
-*/
-static int fts3SegmentMerge(Fts3Table *, int);
-
-/* 
-** This function allocates a new level iLevel index in the segdir table.
-** Usually, indexes are allocated within a level sequentially starting
-** with 0, so the allocated index is one greater than the value returned
-** by:
-**
-**   SELECT max(idx) FROM %_segdir WHERE level = :iLevel
-**
-** However, if there are already FTS3_MERGE_COUNT indexes at the requested
-** level, they are merged into a single level (iLevel+1) segment and the 
-** allocated index is 0.
-**
-** If successful, *piIdx is set to the allocated index slot and SQLITE_OK
-** returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error code is returned.
-*/
-static int fts3AllocateSegdirIdx(Fts3Table *p, int iLevel, int *piIdx){
-  int rc;                         /* Return Code */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pNextIdx;         /* Query for next idx at level iLevel */
-  int iNext = 0;                  /* Result of query pNextIdx */
-
-  /* Set variable iNext to the next available segdir index at level iLevel. */
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_NEXT_SEGMENT_INDEX, &pNextIdx, 0);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_bind_int(pNextIdx, 1, iLevel);
-    if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pNextIdx) ){
-      iNext = sqlite3_column_int(pNextIdx, 0);
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3_reset(pNextIdx);
-  }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* If iNext is FTS3_MERGE_COUNT, indicating that level iLevel is already
-    ** full, merge all segments in level iLevel into a single iLevel+1
-    ** segment and allocate (newly freed) index 0 at level iLevel. Otherwise,
-    ** if iNext is less than FTS3_MERGE_COUNT, allocate index iNext.
-    */
-    if( iNext>=FTS3_MERGE_COUNT ){
-      rc = fts3SegmentMerge(p, iLevel);
-      *piIdx = 0;
-    }else{
-      *piIdx = iNext;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Move the iterator passed as the first argument to the next term in the
-** segment. If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If there is no next term,
-** SQLITE_DONE. Otherwise, an SQLite error code.
-*/
-static int fts3SegReaderNext(Fts3SegReader *pReader){
-  char *pNext;                    /* Cursor variable */
-  int nPrefix;                    /* Number of bytes in term prefix */
-  int nSuffix;                    /* Number of bytes in term suffix */
-
-  if( !pReader->aDoclist ){
-    pNext = pReader->aNode;
-  }else{
-    pNext = &pReader->aDoclist[pReader->nDoclist];
-  }
-
-  if( !pNext || pNext>=&pReader->aNode[pReader->nNode] ){
-    int rc;
-    if( fts3SegReaderIsPending(pReader) ){
-      Fts3HashElem *pElem = *(pReader->ppNextElem);
-      if( pElem==0 ){
-        pReader->aNode = 0;
-      }else{
-        PendingList *pList = (PendingList *)fts3HashData(pElem);
-        pReader->zTerm = (char *)fts3HashKey(pElem);
-        pReader->nTerm = fts3HashKeysize(pElem);
-        pReader->nNode = pReader->nDoclist = pList->nData + 1;
-        pReader->aNode = pReader->aDoclist = pList->aData;
-        pReader->ppNextElem++;
-        assert( pReader->aNode );
-      }
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-    if( !pReader->pStmt ){
-      pReader->aNode = 0;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3_step(pReader->pStmt);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
-      pReader->aNode = 0;
-      return (rc==SQLITE_DONE ? SQLITE_OK : rc);
-    }
-    pReader->nNode = sqlite3_column_bytes(pReader->pStmt, 0);
-    pReader->aNode = (char *)sqlite3_column_blob(pReader->pStmt, 0);
-    pNext = pReader->aNode;
-  }
-  
-  pNext += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(pNext, &nPrefix);
-  pNext += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(pNext, &nSuffix);
-
-  if( nPrefix+nSuffix>pReader->nTermAlloc ){
-    int nNew = (nPrefix+nSuffix)*2;
-    char *zNew = sqlite3_realloc(pReader->zTerm, nNew);
-    if( !zNew ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    pReader->zTerm = zNew;
-    pReader->nTermAlloc = nNew;
-  }
-  memcpy(&pReader->zTerm[nPrefix], pNext, nSuffix);
-  pReader->nTerm = nPrefix+nSuffix;
-  pNext += nSuffix;
-  pNext += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(pNext, &pReader->nDoclist);
-  assert( pNext<&pReader->aNode[pReader->nNode] );
-  pReader->aDoclist = pNext;
-  pReader->pOffsetList = 0;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the SegReader to point to the first docid in the doclist associated
-** with the current term.
-*/
-static void fts3SegReaderFirstDocid(Fts3SegReader *pReader){
-  int n;
-  assert( pReader->aDoclist );
-  assert( !pReader->pOffsetList );
-  n = sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(pReader->aDoclist, &pReader->iDocid);
-  pReader->pOffsetList = &pReader->aDoclist[n];
-}
-
-/*
-** Advance the SegReader to point to the next docid in the doclist
-** associated with the current term.
-** 
-** If arguments ppOffsetList and pnOffsetList are not NULL, then 
-** *ppOffsetList is set to point to the first column-offset list
-** in the doclist entry (i.e. immediately past the docid varint).
-** *pnOffsetList is set to the length of the set of column-offset
-** lists, not including the nul-terminator byte. For example:
-*/
-static void fts3SegReaderNextDocid(
-  Fts3SegReader *pReader,
-  char **ppOffsetList,
-  int *pnOffsetList
-){
-  char *p = pReader->pOffsetList;
-  char c = 0;
-
-  /* Pointer p currently points at the first byte of an offset list. The
-  ** following two lines advance it to point one byte past the end of
-  ** the same offset list.
-  */
-  while( *p | c ) c = *p++ & 0x80;
-  p++;
-
-  /* If required, populate the output variables with a pointer to and the
-  ** size of the previous offset-list.
-  */
-  if( ppOffsetList ){
-    *ppOffsetList = pReader->pOffsetList;
-    *pnOffsetList = (int)(p - pReader->pOffsetList - 1);
-  }
-
-  /* If there are no more entries in the doclist, set pOffsetList to
-  ** NULL. Otherwise, set Fts3SegReader.iDocid to the next docid and
-  ** Fts3SegReader.pOffsetList to point to the next offset list before
-  ** returning.
-  */
-  if( p>=&pReader->aDoclist[pReader->nDoclist] ){
-    pReader->pOffsetList = 0;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_int64 iDelta;
-    pReader->pOffsetList = p + sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(p, &iDelta);
-    pReader->iDocid += iDelta;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Free all allocations associated with the iterator passed as the 
-** second argument.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree(Fts3Table *p, Fts3SegReader *pReader){
-  if( pReader ){
-    if( pReader->pStmt ){
-      /* Move the leaf-range SELECT statement to the aLeavesStmt[] array,
-      ** so that it can be reused when required by another query.
-      */
-      assert( p->nLeavesStmt<p->nLeavesTotal );
-      sqlite3_reset(pReader->pStmt);
-      p->aLeavesStmt[p->nLeavesStmt++] = pReader->pStmt;
-    }
-    if( !fts3SegReaderIsPending(pReader) ){
-      sqlite3_free(pReader->zTerm);
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(pReader);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate a new SegReader object.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderNew(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  int iAge,                       /* Segment "age". */
-  sqlite3_int64 iStartLeaf,       /* First leaf to traverse */
-  sqlite3_int64 iEndLeaf,         /* Final leaf to traverse */
-  sqlite3_int64 iEndBlock,        /* Final block of segment */
-  const char *zRoot,              /* Buffer containing root node */
-  int nRoot,                      /* Size of buffer containing root node */
-  Fts3SegReader **ppReader        /* OUT: Allocated Fts3SegReader */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-  Fts3SegReader *pReader;         /* Newly allocated SegReader object */
-  int nExtra = 0;                 /* Bytes to allocate segment root node */
-
-  if( iStartLeaf==0 ){
-    nExtra = nRoot;
-  }
-
-  pReader = (Fts3SegReader *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts3SegReader) + nExtra);
-  if( !pReader ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  memset(pReader, 0, sizeof(Fts3SegReader));
-  pReader->iStartBlock = iStartLeaf;
-  pReader->iIdx = iAge;
-  pReader->iEndBlock = iEndBlock;
-
-  if( nExtra ){
-    /* The entire segment is stored in the root node. */
-    pReader->aNode = (char *)&pReader[1];
-    pReader->nNode = nRoot;
-    memcpy(pReader->aNode, zRoot, nRoot);
-  }else{
-    /* If the text of the SQL statement to iterate through a contiguous
-    ** set of entries in the %_segments table has not yet been composed,
-    ** compose it now.
-    */
-    if( !p->zSelectLeaves ){
-      p->zSelectLeaves = sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "SELECT block FROM %Q.'%q_segments' WHERE blockid BETWEEN ? AND ? "
-          "ORDER BY blockid", p->zDb, p->zName
-      );
-      if( !p->zSelectLeaves ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        goto finished;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* If there are no free statements in the aLeavesStmt[] array, prepare
-    ** a new statement now. Otherwise, reuse a prepared statement from
-    ** aLeavesStmt[].
-    */
-    if( p->nLeavesStmt==0 ){
-      if( p->nLeavesTotal==p->nLeavesAlloc ){
-        int nNew = p->nLeavesAlloc + 16;
-        sqlite3_stmt **aNew = (sqlite3_stmt **)sqlite3_realloc(
-            p->aLeavesStmt, nNew*sizeof(sqlite3_stmt *)
-        );
-        if( !aNew ){
-          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-          goto finished;
-        }
-        p->nLeavesAlloc = nNew;
-        p->aLeavesStmt = aNew;
-      }
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, p->zSelectLeaves, -1, &pReader->pStmt, 0);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto finished;
-      }
-      p->nLeavesTotal++;
-    }else{
-      pReader->pStmt = p->aLeavesStmt[--p->nLeavesStmt];
-    }
-
-    /* Bind the start and end leaf blockids to the prepared SQL statement. */
-    sqlite3_bind_int64(pReader->pStmt, 1, iStartLeaf);
-    sqlite3_bind_int64(pReader->pStmt, 2, iEndLeaf);
-  }
-  rc = fts3SegReaderNext(pReader);
-
- finished:
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    *ppReader = pReader;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree(p, pReader);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This is a comparison function used as a qsort() callback when sorting
-** an array of pending terms by term. This occurs as part of flushing
-** the contents of the pending-terms hash table to the database.
-*/
-static int fts3CompareElemByTerm(const void *lhs, const void *rhs){
-  char *z1 = fts3HashKey(*(Fts3HashElem **)lhs);
-  char *z2 = fts3HashKey(*(Fts3HashElem **)rhs);
-  int n1 = fts3HashKeysize(*(Fts3HashElem **)lhs);
-  int n2 = fts3HashKeysize(*(Fts3HashElem **)rhs);
-
-  int n = (n1<n2 ? n1 : n2);
-  int c = memcmp(z1, z2, n);
-  if( c==0 ){
-    c = n1 - n2;
-  }
-  return c;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is used to allocate an Fts3SegReader that iterates through
-** a subset of the terms stored in the Fts3Table.pendingTerms array.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderPending(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  const char *zTerm,              /* Term to search for */
-  int nTerm,                      /* Size of buffer zTerm */
-  int isPrefix,                   /* True for a term-prefix query */
-  Fts3SegReader **ppReader        /* OUT: SegReader for pending-terms */
-){
-  Fts3SegReader *pReader = 0;     /* Fts3SegReader object to return */
-  Fts3HashElem **aElem = 0;       /* Array of term hash entries to scan */
-  int nElem = 0;                  /* Size of array at aElem */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
-
-  if( isPrefix ){
-    int nAlloc = 0;               /* Size of allocated array at aElem */
-    Fts3HashElem *pE = 0;         /* Iterator variable */
-
-    for(pE=fts3HashFirst(&p->pendingTerms); pE; pE=fts3HashNext(pE)){
-      char *zKey = (char *)fts3HashKey(pE);
-      int nKey = fts3HashKeysize(pE);
-      if( nTerm==0 || (nKey>=nTerm && 0==memcmp(zKey, zTerm, nTerm)) ){
-        if( nElem==nAlloc ){
-          Fts3HashElem **aElem2;
-          nAlloc += 16;
-          aElem2 = (Fts3HashElem **)sqlite3_realloc(
-              aElem, nAlloc*sizeof(Fts3HashElem *)
-          );
-          if( !aElem2 ){
-            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-            nElem = 0;
-            break;
-          }
-          aElem = aElem2;
-        }
-        aElem[nElem++] = pE;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* If more than one term matches the prefix, sort the Fts3HashElem
-    ** objects in term order using qsort(). This uses the same comparison
-    ** callback as is used when flushing terms to disk.
-    */
-    if( nElem>1 ){
-      qsort(aElem, nElem, sizeof(Fts3HashElem *), fts3CompareElemByTerm);
-    }
-
-  }else{
-    Fts3HashElem *pE = fts3HashFindElem(&p->pendingTerms, zTerm, nTerm);
-    if( pE ){
-      aElem = &pE;
-      nElem = 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( nElem>0 ){
-    int nByte = sizeof(Fts3SegReader) + (nElem+1)*sizeof(Fts3HashElem *);
-    pReader = (Fts3SegReader *)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
-    if( !pReader ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      memset(pReader, 0, nByte);
-      pReader->iIdx = 0x7FFFFFFF;
-      pReader->ppNextElem = (Fts3HashElem **)&pReader[1];
-      memcpy(pReader->ppNextElem, aElem, nElem*sizeof(Fts3HashElem *));
-      fts3SegReaderNext(pReader);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( isPrefix ){
-    sqlite3_free(aElem);
-  }
-  *ppReader = pReader;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** The second argument to this function is expected to be a statement of
-** the form:
-**
-**   SELECT 
-**     idx,                  -- col 0
-**     start_block,          -- col 1
-**     leaves_end_block,     -- col 2
-**     end_block,            -- col 3
-**     root                  -- col 4
-**   FROM %_segdir ...
-**
-** This function allocates and initializes a Fts3SegReader structure to
-** iterate through the terms stored in the segment identified by the
-** current row that pStmt is pointing to. 
-**
-** If successful, the Fts3SegReader is left pointing to the first term
-** in the segment and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error
-** code is returned.
-*/
-static int fts3SegReaderNew(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,            /* See above */
-  int iAge,                       /* Segment "age". */
-  Fts3SegReader **ppReader        /* OUT: Allocated Fts3SegReader */
-){
-  return sqlite3Fts3SegReaderNew(p, iAge, 
-      sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 1),
-      sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 2),
-      sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 3),
-      sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 4),
-      sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 4),
-      ppReader
-  );
-}
-
-/*
-** Compare the entries pointed to by two Fts3SegReader structures. 
-** Comparison is as follows:
-**
-**   1) EOF is greater than not EOF.
-**
-**   2) The current terms (if any) are compared using memcmp(). If one
-**      term is a prefix of another, the longer term is considered the
-**      larger.
-**
-**   3) By segment age. An older segment is considered larger.
-*/
-static int fts3SegReaderCmp(Fts3SegReader *pLhs, Fts3SegReader *pRhs){
-  int rc;
-  if( pLhs->aNode && pRhs->aNode ){
-    int rc2 = pLhs->nTerm - pRhs->nTerm;
-    if( rc2<0 ){
-      rc = memcmp(pLhs->zTerm, pRhs->zTerm, pLhs->nTerm);
-    }else{
-      rc = memcmp(pLhs->zTerm, pRhs->zTerm, pRhs->nTerm);
-    }
-    if( rc==0 ){
-      rc = rc2;
-    }
-  }else{
-    rc = (pLhs->aNode==0) - (pRhs->aNode==0);
-  }
-  if( rc==0 ){
-    rc = pRhs->iIdx - pLhs->iIdx;
-  }
-  assert( rc!=0 );
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** A different comparison function for SegReader structures. In this
-** version, it is assumed that each SegReader points to an entry in
-** a doclist for identical terms. Comparison is made as follows:
-**
-**   1) EOF (end of doclist in this case) is greater than not EOF.
-**
-**   2) By current docid.
-**
-**   3) By segment age. An older segment is considered larger.
-*/
-static int fts3SegReaderDoclistCmp(Fts3SegReader *pLhs, Fts3SegReader *pRhs){
-  int rc = (pLhs->pOffsetList==0)-(pRhs->pOffsetList==0);
-  if( rc==0 ){
-    if( pLhs->iDocid==pRhs->iDocid ){
-      rc = pRhs->iIdx - pLhs->iIdx;
-    }else{
-      rc = (pLhs->iDocid > pRhs->iDocid) ? 1 : -1;
-    }
-  }
-  assert( pLhs->aNode && pRhs->aNode );
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Compare the term that the Fts3SegReader object passed as the first argument
-** points to with the term specified by arguments zTerm and nTerm. 
-**
-** If the pSeg iterator is already at EOF, return 0. Otherwise, return
-** -ve if the pSeg term is less than zTerm/nTerm, 0 if the two terms are
-** equal, or +ve if the pSeg term is greater than zTerm/nTerm.
-*/
-static int fts3SegReaderTermCmp(
-  Fts3SegReader *pSeg,            /* Segment reader object */
-  const char *zTerm,              /* Term to compare to */
-  int nTerm                       /* Size of term zTerm in bytes */
-){
-  int res = 0;
-  if( pSeg->aNode ){
-    if( pSeg->nTerm>nTerm ){
-      res = memcmp(pSeg->zTerm, zTerm, nTerm);
-    }else{
-      res = memcmp(pSeg->zTerm, zTerm, pSeg->nTerm);
-    }
-    if( res==0 ){
-      res = pSeg->nTerm-nTerm;
-    }
-  }
-  return res;
-}
-
-/*
-** Argument apSegment is an array of nSegment elements. It is known that
-** the final (nSegment-nSuspect) members are already in sorted order
-** (according to the comparison function provided). This function shuffles
-** the array around until all entries are in sorted order.
-*/
-static void fts3SegReaderSort(
-  Fts3SegReader **apSegment,                     /* Array to sort entries of */
-  int nSegment,                                  /* Size of apSegment array */
-  int nSuspect,                                  /* Unsorted entry count */
-  int (*xCmp)(Fts3SegReader *, Fts3SegReader *)  /* Comparison function */
-){
-  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-
-  assert( nSuspect<=nSegment );
-
-  if( nSuspect==nSegment ) nSuspect--;
-  for(i=nSuspect-1; i>=0; i--){
-    int j;
-    for(j=i; j<(nSegment-1); j++){
-      Fts3SegReader *pTmp;
-      if( xCmp(apSegment[j], apSegment[j+1])<0 ) break;
-      pTmp = apSegment[j+1];
-      apSegment[j+1] = apSegment[j];
-      apSegment[j] = pTmp;
-    }
-  }
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  /* Check that the list really is sorted now. */
-  for(i=0; i<(nSuspect-1); i++){
-    assert( xCmp(apSegment[i], apSegment[i+1])<0 );
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-/* 
-** Insert a record into the %_segments table.
-*/
-static int fts3WriteSegment(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  sqlite3_int64 iBlock,           /* Block id for new block */
-  char *z,                        /* Pointer to buffer containing block data */
-  int n                           /* Size of buffer z in bytes */
-){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  int rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_INSERT_SEGMENTS, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 1, iBlock);
-    sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, 2, z, n, SQLITE_STATIC);
-    sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-    rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Insert a record into the %_segdir table.
-*/
-static int fts3WriteSegdir(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  int iLevel,                     /* Value for "level" field */
-  int iIdx,                       /* Value for "idx" field */
-  sqlite3_int64 iStartBlock,      /* Value for "start_block" field */
-  sqlite3_int64 iLeafEndBlock,    /* Value for "leaves_end_block" field */
-  sqlite3_int64 iEndBlock,        /* Value for "end_block" field */
-  char *zRoot,                    /* Blob value for "root" field */
-  int nRoot                       /* Number of bytes in buffer zRoot */
-){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  int rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_INSERT_SEGDIR, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, 1, iLevel);
-    sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, 2, iIdx);
-    sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 3, iStartBlock);
-    sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 4, iLeafEndBlock);
-    sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 5, iEndBlock);
-    sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, 6, zRoot, nRoot, SQLITE_STATIC);
-    sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-    rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the size of the common prefix (if any) shared by zPrev and
-** zNext, in bytes. For example, 
-**
-**   fts3PrefixCompress("abc", 3, "abcdef", 6)   // returns 3
-**   fts3PrefixCompress("abX", 3, "abcdef", 6)   // returns 2
-**   fts3PrefixCompress("abX", 3, "Xbcdef", 6)   // returns 0
-*/
-static int fts3PrefixCompress(
-  const char *zPrev,              /* Buffer containing previous term */
-  int nPrev,                      /* Size of buffer zPrev in bytes */
-  const char *zNext,              /* Buffer containing next term */
-  int nNext                       /* Size of buffer zNext in bytes */
-){
-  int n;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nNext);
-  for(n=0; n<nPrev && zPrev[n]==zNext[n]; n++);
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add term zTerm to the SegmentNode. It is guaranteed that zTerm is larger
-** (according to memcmp) than the previous term.
-*/
-static int fts3NodeAddTerm(
-  Fts3Table *p,               /* Virtual table handle */
-  SegmentNode **ppTree,           /* IN/OUT: SegmentNode handle */ 
-  int isCopyTerm,                 /* True if zTerm/nTerm is transient */
-  const char *zTerm,              /* Pointer to buffer containing term */
-  int nTerm                       /* Size of term in bytes */
-){
-  SegmentNode *pTree = *ppTree;
-  int rc;
-  SegmentNode *pNew;
-
-  /* First try to append the term to the current node. Return early if 
-  ** this is possible.
-  */
-  if( pTree ){
-    int nData = pTree->nData;     /* Current size of node in bytes */
-    int nReq = nData;             /* Required space after adding zTerm */
-    int nPrefix;                  /* Number of bytes of prefix compression */
-    int nSuffix;                  /* Suffix length */
-
-    nPrefix = fts3PrefixCompress(pTree->zTerm, pTree->nTerm, zTerm, nTerm);
-    nSuffix = nTerm-nPrefix;
-
-    nReq += sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nPrefix)+sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nSuffix)+nSuffix;
-    if( nReq<=p->nNodeSize || !pTree->zTerm ){
-
-      if( nReq>p->nNodeSize ){
-        /* An unusual case: this is the first term to be added to the node
-        ** and the static node buffer (p->nNodeSize bytes) is not large
-        ** enough. Use a separately malloced buffer instead This wastes
-        ** p->nNodeSize bytes, but since this scenario only comes about when
-        ** the database contain two terms that share a prefix of almost 2KB, 
-        ** this is not expected to be a serious problem. 
-        */
-        assert( pTree->aData==(char *)&pTree[1] );
-        pTree->aData = (char *)sqlite3_malloc(nReq);
-        if( !pTree->aData ){
-          return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if( pTree->zTerm ){
-        /* There is no prefix-length field for first term in a node */
-        nData += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&pTree->aData[nData], nPrefix);
-      }
-
-      nData += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&pTree->aData[nData], nSuffix);
-      memcpy(&pTree->aData[nData], &zTerm[nPrefix], nSuffix);
-      pTree->nData = nData + nSuffix;
-      pTree->nEntry++;
-
-      if( isCopyTerm ){
-        if( pTree->nMalloc<nTerm ){
-          char *zNew = sqlite3_realloc(pTree->zMalloc, nTerm*2);
-          if( !zNew ){
-            return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-          }
-          pTree->nMalloc = nTerm*2;
-          pTree->zMalloc = zNew;
-        }
-        pTree->zTerm = pTree->zMalloc;
-        memcpy(pTree->zTerm, zTerm, nTerm);
-        pTree->nTerm = nTerm;
-      }else{
-        pTree->zTerm = (char *)zTerm;
-        pTree->nTerm = nTerm;
-      }
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If control flows to here, it was not possible to append zTerm to the
-  ** current node. Create a new node (a right-sibling of the current node).
-  ** If this is the first node in the tree, the term is added to it.
-  **
-  ** Otherwise, the term is not added to the new node, it is left empty for
-  ** now. Instead, the term is inserted into the parent of pTree. If pTree 
-  ** has no parent, one is created here.
-  */
-  pNew = (SegmentNode *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(SegmentNode) + p->nNodeSize);
-  if( !pNew ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(SegmentNode));
-  pNew->nData = 1 + FTS3_VARINT_MAX;
-  pNew->aData = (char *)&pNew[1];
-
-  if( pTree ){
-    SegmentNode *pParent = pTree->pParent;
-    rc = fts3NodeAddTerm(p, &pParent, isCopyTerm, zTerm, nTerm);
-    if( pTree->pParent==0 ){
-      pTree->pParent = pParent;
-    }
-    pTree->pRight = pNew;
-    pNew->pLeftmost = pTree->pLeftmost;
-    pNew->pParent = pParent;
-    pNew->zMalloc = pTree->zMalloc;
-    pNew->nMalloc = pTree->nMalloc;
-    pTree->zMalloc = 0;
-  }else{
-    pNew->pLeftmost = pNew;
-    rc = fts3NodeAddTerm(p, &pNew, isCopyTerm, zTerm, nTerm); 
-  }
-
-  *ppTree = pNew;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Helper function for fts3NodeWrite().
-*/
-static int fts3TreeFinishNode(
-  SegmentNode *pTree, 
-  int iHeight, 
-  sqlite3_int64 iLeftChild
-){
-  int nStart;
-  assert( iHeight>=1 && iHeight<128 );
-  nStart = FTS3_VARINT_MAX - sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(iLeftChild);
-  pTree->aData[nStart] = (char)iHeight;
-  sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&pTree->aData[nStart+1], iLeftChild);
-  return nStart;
-}
-
-/*
-** Write the buffer for the segment node pTree and all of its peers to the
-** database. Then call this function recursively to write the parent of 
-** pTree and its peers to the database. 
-**
-** Except, if pTree is a root node, do not write it to the database. Instead,
-** set output variables *paRoot and *pnRoot to contain the root node.
-**
-** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and output variable *piLast is
-** set to the largest blockid written to the database (or zero if no
-** blocks were written to the db). Otherwise, an SQLite error code is 
-** returned.
-*/
-static int fts3NodeWrite(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  SegmentNode *pTree,             /* SegmentNode handle */
-  int iHeight,                    /* Height of this node in tree */
-  sqlite3_int64 iLeaf,            /* Block id of first leaf node */
-  sqlite3_int64 iFree,            /* Block id of next free slot in %_segments */
-  sqlite3_int64 *piLast,          /* OUT: Block id of last entry written */
-  char **paRoot,                  /* OUT: Data for root node */
-  int *pnRoot                     /* OUT: Size of root node in bytes */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  if( !pTree->pParent ){
-    /* Root node of the tree. */
-    int nStart = fts3TreeFinishNode(pTree, iHeight, iLeaf);
-    *piLast = iFree-1;
-    *pnRoot = pTree->nData - nStart;
-    *paRoot = &pTree->aData[nStart];
-  }else{
-    SegmentNode *pIter;
-    sqlite3_int64 iNextFree = iFree;
-    sqlite3_int64 iNextLeaf = iLeaf;
-    for(pIter=pTree->pLeftmost; pIter && rc==SQLITE_OK; pIter=pIter->pRight){
-      int nStart = fts3TreeFinishNode(pIter, iHeight, iNextLeaf);
-      int nWrite = pIter->nData - nStart;
-  
-      rc = fts3WriteSegment(p, iNextFree, &pIter->aData[nStart], nWrite);
-      iNextFree++;
-      iNextLeaf += (pIter->nEntry+1);
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      assert( iNextLeaf==iFree );
-      rc = fts3NodeWrite(
-          p, pTree->pParent, iHeight+1, iFree, iNextFree, piLast, paRoot, pnRoot
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Free all memory allocations associated with the tree pTree.
-*/
-static void fts3NodeFree(SegmentNode *pTree){
-  if( pTree ){
-    SegmentNode *p = pTree->pLeftmost;
-    fts3NodeFree(p->pParent);
-    while( p ){
-      SegmentNode *pRight = p->pRight;
-      if( p->aData!=(char *)&p[1] ){
-        sqlite3_free(p->aData);
-      }
-      assert( pRight==0 || p->zMalloc==0 );
-      sqlite3_free(p->zMalloc);
-      sqlite3_free(p);
-      p = pRight;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Add a term to the segment being constructed by the SegmentWriter object
-** *ppWriter. When adding the first term to a segment, *ppWriter should
-** be passed NULL. This function will allocate a new SegmentWriter object
-** and return it via the input/output variable *ppWriter in this case.
-**
-** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error code.
-*/
-static int fts3SegWriterAdd(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  SegmentWriter **ppWriter,       /* IN/OUT: SegmentWriter handle */ 
-  int isCopyTerm,                 /* True if buffer zTerm must be copied */
-  const char *zTerm,              /* Pointer to buffer containing term */
-  int nTerm,                      /* Size of term in bytes */
-  const char *aDoclist,           /* Pointer to buffer containing doclist */
-  int nDoclist                    /* Size of doclist in bytes */
-){
-  int nPrefix;                    /* Size of term prefix in bytes */
-  int nSuffix;                    /* Size of term suffix in bytes */
-  int nReq;                       /* Number of bytes required on leaf page */
-  int nData;
-  SegmentWriter *pWriter = *ppWriter;
-
-  if( !pWriter ){
-    int rc;
-    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-
-    /* Allocate the SegmentWriter structure */
-    pWriter = (SegmentWriter *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(SegmentWriter));
-    if( !pWriter ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    memset(pWriter, 0, sizeof(SegmentWriter));
-    *ppWriter = pWriter;
-
-    /* Allocate a buffer in which to accumulate data */
-    pWriter->aData = (char *)sqlite3_malloc(p->nNodeSize);
-    if( !pWriter->aData ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    pWriter->nSize = p->nNodeSize;
-
-    /* Find the next free blockid in the %_segments table */
-    rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_NEXT_SEGMENTS_ID, &pStmt, 0);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-    if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-      pWriter->iFree = sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 0);
-      pWriter->iFirst = pWriter->iFree;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  }
-  nData = pWriter->nData;
-
-  nPrefix = fts3PrefixCompress(pWriter->zTerm, pWriter->nTerm, zTerm, nTerm);
-  nSuffix = nTerm-nPrefix;
-
-  /* Figure out how many bytes are required by this new entry */
-  nReq = sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nPrefix) +    /* varint containing prefix size */
-    sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nSuffix) +         /* varint containing suffix size */
-    nSuffix +                               /* Term suffix */
-    sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nDoclist) +        /* Size of doclist */
-    nDoclist;                               /* Doclist data */
-
-  if( nData>0 && nData+nReq>p->nNodeSize ){
-    int rc;
-
-    /* The current leaf node is full. Write it out to the database. */
-    rc = fts3WriteSegment(p, pWriter->iFree++, pWriter->aData, nData);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-
-    /* Add the current term to the interior node tree. The term added to
-    ** the interior tree must:
-    **
-    **   a) be greater than the largest term on the leaf node just written
-    **      to the database (still available in pWriter->zTerm), and
-    **
-    **   b) be less than or equal to the term about to be added to the new
-    **      leaf node (zTerm/nTerm).
-    **
-    ** In other words, it must be the prefix of zTerm 1 byte longer than
-    ** the common prefix (if any) of zTerm and pWriter->zTerm.
-    */
-    assert( nPrefix<nTerm );
-    rc = fts3NodeAddTerm(p, &pWriter->pTree, isCopyTerm, zTerm, nPrefix+1);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-
-    nData = 0;
-    pWriter->nTerm = 0;
-
-    nPrefix = 0;
-    nSuffix = nTerm;
-    nReq = 1 +                              /* varint containing prefix size */
-      sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nTerm) +         /* varint containing suffix size */
-      nTerm +                               /* Term suffix */
-      sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nDoclist) +      /* Size of doclist */
-      nDoclist;                             /* Doclist data */
-  }
-
-  /* If the buffer currently allocated is too small for this entry, realloc
-  ** the buffer to make it large enough.
-  */
-  if( nReq>pWriter->nSize ){
-    char *aNew = sqlite3_realloc(pWriter->aData, nReq);
-    if( !aNew ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    pWriter->aData = aNew;
-    pWriter->nSize = nReq;
-  }
-  assert( nData+nReq<=pWriter->nSize );
-
-  /* Append the prefix-compressed term and doclist to the buffer. */
-  nData += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&pWriter->aData[nData], nPrefix);
-  nData += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&pWriter->aData[nData], nSuffix);
-  memcpy(&pWriter->aData[nData], &zTerm[nPrefix], nSuffix);
-  nData += nSuffix;
-  nData += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&pWriter->aData[nData], nDoclist);
-  memcpy(&pWriter->aData[nData], aDoclist, nDoclist);
-  pWriter->nData = nData + nDoclist;
-
-  /* Save the current term so that it can be used to prefix-compress the next.
-  ** If the isCopyTerm parameter is true, then the buffer pointed to by
-  ** zTerm is transient, so take a copy of the term data. Otherwise, just
-  ** store a copy of the pointer.
-  */
-  if( isCopyTerm ){
-    if( nTerm>pWriter->nMalloc ){
-      char *zNew = sqlite3_realloc(pWriter->zMalloc, nTerm*2);
-      if( !zNew ){
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-      pWriter->nMalloc = nTerm*2;
-      pWriter->zMalloc = zNew;
-      pWriter->zTerm = zNew;
-    }
-    assert( pWriter->zTerm==pWriter->zMalloc );
-    memcpy(pWriter->zTerm, zTerm, nTerm);
-  }else{
-    pWriter->zTerm = (char *)zTerm;
-  }
-  pWriter->nTerm = nTerm;
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Flush all data associated with the SegmentWriter object pWriter to the
-** database. This function must be called after all terms have been added
-** to the segment using fts3SegWriterAdd(). If successful, SQLITE_OK is
-** returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error code.
-*/
-static int fts3SegWriterFlush(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  SegmentWriter *pWriter,         /* SegmentWriter to flush to the db */
-  int iLevel,                     /* Value for 'level' column of %_segdir */
-  int iIdx                        /* Value for 'idx' column of %_segdir */
-){
-  int rc;                         /* Return code */
-  if( pWriter->pTree ){
-    sqlite3_int64 iLast = 0;      /* Largest block id written to database */
-    sqlite3_int64 iLastLeaf;      /* Largest leaf block id written to db */
-    char *zRoot = NULL;           /* Pointer to buffer containing root node */
-    int nRoot = 0;                /* Size of buffer zRoot */
-
-    iLastLeaf = pWriter->iFree;
-    rc = fts3WriteSegment(p, pWriter->iFree++, pWriter->aData, pWriter->nData);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = fts3NodeWrite(p, pWriter->pTree, 1,
-          pWriter->iFirst, pWriter->iFree, &iLast, &zRoot, &nRoot);
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = fts3WriteSegdir(
-          p, iLevel, iIdx, pWriter->iFirst, iLastLeaf, iLast, zRoot, nRoot);
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* The entire tree fits on the root node. Write it to the segdir table. */
-    rc = fts3WriteSegdir(
-        p, iLevel, iIdx, 0, 0, 0, pWriter->aData, pWriter->nData);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Release all memory held by the SegmentWriter object passed as the 
-** first argument.
-*/
-static void fts3SegWriterFree(SegmentWriter *pWriter){
-  if( pWriter ){
-    sqlite3_free(pWriter->aData);
-    sqlite3_free(pWriter->zMalloc);
-    fts3NodeFree(pWriter->pTree);
-    sqlite3_free(pWriter);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** The first value in the apVal[] array is assumed to contain an integer.
-** This function tests if there exist any documents with docid values that
-** are different from that integer. i.e. if deleting the document with docid
-** apVal[0] would mean the FTS3 table were empty.
-**
-** If successful, *pisEmpty is set to true if the table is empty except for
-** document apVal[0], or false otherwise, and SQLITE_OK is returned. If an
-** error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned.
-*/
-static int fts3IsEmpty(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_value **apVal, int *pisEmpty){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  int rc;
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_IS_EMPTY, &pStmt, apVal);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-      *pisEmpty = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Set *pnSegment to the number of segments of level iLevel in the database.
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code if not.
-*/
-static int fts3SegmentCount(Fts3Table *p, int iLevel, int *pnSegment){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  int rc;
-
-  assert( iLevel>=0 );
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_LEVEL_COUNT, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, 1, iLevel);
-  if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-    *pnSegment = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
-  }
-  return sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-}
-
-/*
-** Set *pnSegment to the total number of segments in the database. Set
-** *pnMax to the largest segment level in the database (segment levels
-** are stored in the 'level' column of the %_segdir table).
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code if not.
-*/
-static int fts3SegmentCountMax(Fts3Table *p, int *pnSegment, int *pnMax){
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
-  int rc;
-
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_SEGDIR_COUNT_MAX, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-    *pnSegment = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
-    *pnMax = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 1);
-  }
-  return sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is used after merging multiple segments into a single large
-** segment to delete the old, now redundant, segment b-trees. Specifically,
-** it:
-** 
-**   1) Deletes all %_segments entries for the segments associated with 
-**      each of the SegReader objects in the array passed as the third 
-**      argument, and
-**
-**   2) deletes all %_segdir entries with level iLevel, or all %_segdir
-**      entries regardless of level if (iLevel<0).
-**
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, otherwise an SQLite error code.
-*/
-static int fts3DeleteSegdir(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  int iLevel,                     /* Level of %_segdir entries to delete */
-  Fts3SegReader **apSegment,      /* Array of SegReader objects */
-  int nReader                     /* Size of array apSegment */
-){
-  int rc;                         /* Return Code */
-  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pDelete;          /* SQL statement to delete rows */
-
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_DELETE_SEGMENTS_RANGE, &pDelete, 0);
-  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<nReader; i++){
-    Fts3SegReader *pSegment = apSegment[i];
-    if( pSegment->iStartBlock ){
-      sqlite3_bind_int64(pDelete, 1, pSegment->iStartBlock);
-      sqlite3_bind_int64(pDelete, 2, pSegment->iEndBlock);
-      sqlite3_step(pDelete);
-      rc = sqlite3_reset(pDelete);
-    }
-  }
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  if( iLevel>=0 ){
-    rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_DELETE_SEGDIR_BY_LEVEL, &pDelete, 0);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3_bind_int(pDelete, 1, iLevel);
-      sqlite3_step(pDelete);
-      rc = sqlite3_reset(pDelete);
-    }
-  }else{
-    fts3SqlExec(&rc, p, SQL_DELETE_ALL_SEGDIR, 0);
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** When this function is called, buffer *ppList (size *pnList bytes) contains 
-** a position list that may (or may not) feature multiple columns. This
-** function adjusts the pointer *ppList and the length *pnList so that they
-** identify the subset of the position list that corresponds to column iCol.
-**
-** If there are no entries in the input position list for column iCol, then
-** *pnList is set to zero before returning.
-*/
-static void fts3ColumnFilter(
-  int iCol,                       /* Column to filter on */
-  char **ppList,                  /* IN/OUT: Pointer to position list */
-  int *pnList                     /* IN/OUT: Size of buffer *ppList in bytes */
-){
-  char *pList = *ppList;
-  int nList = *pnList;
-  char *pEnd = &pList[nList];
-  int iCurrent = 0;
-  char *p = pList;
-
-  assert( iCol>=0 );
-  while( 1 ){
-    char c = 0;
-    while( p<pEnd && (c | *p)&0xFE ) c = *p++ & 0x80;
-  
-    if( iCol==iCurrent ){
-      nList = (int)(p - pList);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    nList -= (int)(p - pList);
-    pList = p;
-    if( nList==0 ){
-      break;
-    }
-    p = &pList[1];
-    p += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(p, &iCurrent);
-  }
-
-  *ppList = pList;
-  *pnList = nList;
-}
-
-/*
-** sqlite3Fts3SegReaderIterate() callback used when merging multiple 
-** segments to create a single, larger segment.
-*/
-static int fts3MergeCallback(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* FTS3 Virtual table handle */
-  void *pContext,                 /* Pointer to SegmentWriter* to write with */
-  char *zTerm,                    /* Term to write to the db */
-  int nTerm,                      /* Number of bytes in zTerm */
-  char *aDoclist,                 /* Doclist associated with zTerm */
-  int nDoclist                    /* Number of bytes in doclist */
-){
-  SegmentWriter **ppW = (SegmentWriter **)pContext;
-  return fts3SegWriterAdd(p, ppW, 1, zTerm, nTerm, aDoclist, nDoclist);
-}
-
-/*
-** sqlite3Fts3SegReaderIterate() callback used when flushing the contents
-** of the pending-terms hash table to the database.
-*/
-static int fts3FlushCallback(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* FTS3 Virtual table handle */
-  void *pContext,                 /* Pointer to SegmentWriter* to write with */
-  char *zTerm,                    /* Term to write to the db */
-  int nTerm,                      /* Number of bytes in zTerm */
-  char *aDoclist,                 /* Doclist associated with zTerm */
-  int nDoclist                    /* Number of bytes in doclist */
-){
-  SegmentWriter **ppW = (SegmentWriter **)pContext;
-  return fts3SegWriterAdd(p, ppW, 0, zTerm, nTerm, aDoclist, nDoclist);
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is used to iterate through a contiguous set of terms 
-** stored in the full-text index. It merges data contained in one or 
-** more segments to support this.
-**
-** The second argument is passed an array of pointers to SegReader objects
-** allocated with sqlite3Fts3SegReaderNew(). This function merges the range 
-** of terms selected by each SegReader. If a single term is present in
-** more than one segment, the associated doclists are merged. For each
-** term and (possibly merged) doclist in the merged range, the callback
-** function xFunc is invoked with its arguments set as follows.
-**
-**   arg 0: Copy of 'p' parameter passed to this function
-**   arg 1: Copy of 'pContext' parameter passed to this function
-**   arg 2: Pointer to buffer containing term
-**   arg 3: Size of arg 2 buffer in bytes
-**   arg 4: Pointer to buffer containing doclist
-**   arg 5: Size of arg 2 buffer in bytes
-**
-** The 4th argument to this function is a pointer to a structure of type
-** Fts3SegFilter, defined in fts3Int.h. The contents of this structure
-** further restrict the range of terms that callbacks are made for and
-** modify the behaviour of this function. See comments above structure
-** definition for details.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderIterate(
-  Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  Fts3SegReader **apSegment,      /* Array of Fts3SegReader objects */
-  int nSegment,                   /* Size of apSegment array */
-  Fts3SegFilter *pFilter,         /* Restrictions on range of iteration */
-  int (*xFunc)(Fts3Table *, void *, char *, int, char *, int),  /* Callback */
-  void *pContext                  /* Callback context (2nd argument) */
-){
-  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-  char *aBuffer = 0;              /* Buffer to merge doclists in */
-  int nAlloc = 0;                 /* Allocated size of aBuffer buffer */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-
-  int isIgnoreEmpty =  (pFilter->flags & FTS3_SEGMENT_IGNORE_EMPTY);
-  int isRequirePos =   (pFilter->flags & FTS3_SEGMENT_REQUIRE_POS);
-  int isColFilter =    (pFilter->flags & FTS3_SEGMENT_COLUMN_FILTER);
-  int isPrefix =       (pFilter->flags & FTS3_SEGMENT_PREFIX);
-
-  /* If there are zero segments, this function is a no-op. This scenario
-  ** comes about only when reading from an empty database.
-  */
-  if( nSegment==0 ) goto finished;
-
-  /* If the Fts3SegFilter defines a specific term (or term prefix) to search 
-  ** for, then advance each segment iterator until it points to a term of
-  ** equal or greater value than the specified term. This prevents many
-  ** unnecessary merge/sort operations for the case where single segment
-  ** b-tree leaf nodes contain more than one term.
-  */
-  if( pFilter->zTerm ){
-    int nTerm = pFilter->nTerm;
-    const char *zTerm = pFilter->zTerm;
-    for(i=0; i<nSegment; i++){
-      Fts3SegReader *pSeg = apSegment[i];
-      while( fts3SegReaderTermCmp(pSeg, zTerm, nTerm)<0 ){
-        rc = fts3SegReaderNext(pSeg);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished; }
-    }
-  }
-
-  fts3SegReaderSort(apSegment, nSegment, nSegment, fts3SegReaderCmp);
-  while( apSegment[0]->aNode ){
-    int nTerm = apSegment[0]->nTerm;
-    char *zTerm = apSegment[0]->zTerm;
-    int nMerge = 1;
-
-    /* If this is a prefix-search, and if the term that apSegment[0] points
-    ** to does not share a suffix with pFilter->zTerm/nTerm, then all 
-    ** required callbacks have been made. In this case exit early.
-    **
-    ** Similarly, if this is a search for an exact match, and the first term
-    ** of segment apSegment[0] is not a match, exit early.
-    */
-    if( pFilter->zTerm ){
-      if( nTerm<pFilter->nTerm 
-       || (!isPrefix && nTerm>pFilter->nTerm)
-       || memcmp(zTerm, pFilter->zTerm, pFilter->nTerm) 
-    ){
-        goto finished;
-      }
-    }
-
-    while( nMerge<nSegment 
-        && apSegment[nMerge]->aNode
-        && apSegment[nMerge]->nTerm==nTerm 
-        && 0==memcmp(zTerm, apSegment[nMerge]->zTerm, nTerm)
-    ){
-      nMerge++;
-    }
-
-    assert( isIgnoreEmpty || (isRequirePos && !isColFilter) );
-    if( nMerge==1 && !isIgnoreEmpty ){
-      Fts3SegReader *p0 = apSegment[0];
-      rc = xFunc(p, pContext, zTerm, nTerm, p0->aDoclist, p0->nDoclist);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-    }else{
-      int nDoclist = 0;           /* Size of doclist */
-      sqlite3_int64 iPrev = 0;    /* Previous docid stored in doclist */
-
-      /* The current term of the first nMerge entries in the array
-      ** of Fts3SegReader objects is the same. The doclists must be merged
-      ** and a single term added to the new segment.
-      */
-      for(i=0; i<nMerge; i++){
-        fts3SegReaderFirstDocid(apSegment[i]);
-      }
-      fts3SegReaderSort(apSegment, nMerge, nMerge, fts3SegReaderDoclistCmp);
-      while( apSegment[0]->pOffsetList ){
-        int j;                    /* Number of segments that share a docid */
-        char *pList;
-        int nList;
-        int nByte;
-        sqlite3_int64 iDocid = apSegment[0]->iDocid;
-        fts3SegReaderNextDocid(apSegment[0], &pList, &nList);
-        j = 1;
-        while( j<nMerge
-            && apSegment[j]->pOffsetList
-            && apSegment[j]->iDocid==iDocid
-        ){
-          fts3SegReaderNextDocid(apSegment[j], 0, 0);
-          j++;
-        }
-
-        if( isColFilter ){
-          fts3ColumnFilter(pFilter->iCol, &pList, &nList);
-        }
-
-        if( !isIgnoreEmpty || nList>0 ){
-          nByte = sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(iDocid-iPrev) + (isRequirePos?nList+1:0);
-          if( nDoclist+nByte>nAlloc ){
-            char *aNew;
-            nAlloc = nDoclist+nByte*2;
-            aNew = sqlite3_realloc(aBuffer, nAlloc);
-            if( !aNew ){
-              rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-              goto finished;
-            }
-            aBuffer = aNew;
-          }
-          nDoclist += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&aBuffer[nDoclist], iDocid-iPrev);
-          iPrev = iDocid;
-          if( isRequirePos ){
-            memcpy(&aBuffer[nDoclist], pList, nList);
-            nDoclist += nList;
-            aBuffer[nDoclist++] = '\0';
-          }
-        }
-
-        fts3SegReaderSort(apSegment, nMerge, j, fts3SegReaderDoclistCmp);
-      }
-
-      if( nDoclist>0 ){
-        rc = xFunc(p, pContext, zTerm, nTerm, aBuffer, nDoclist);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* If there is a term specified to filter on, and this is not a prefix
-    ** search, return now. The callback that corresponds to the required
-    ** term (if such a term exists in the index) has already been made.
-    */
-    if( pFilter->zTerm && !isPrefix ){
-      goto finished;
-    }
-
-    for(i=0; i<nMerge; i++){
-      rc = fts3SegReaderNext(apSegment[i]);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-    }
-    fts3SegReaderSort(apSegment, nSegment, nMerge, fts3SegReaderCmp);
-  }
-
- finished:
-  sqlite3_free(aBuffer);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Merge all level iLevel segments in the database into a single 
-** iLevel+1 segment. Or, if iLevel<0, merge all segments into a
-** single segment with a level equal to the numerically largest level 
-** currently present in the database.
-**
-** If this function is called with iLevel<0, but there is only one
-** segment in the database, SQLITE_DONE is returned immediately. 
-** Otherwise, if successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, 
-** an SQLite error code is returned.
-*/
-static int fts3SegmentMerge(Fts3Table *p, int iLevel){
-  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-  int rc;                         /* Return code */
-  int iIdx;                       /* Index of new segment */
-  int iNewLevel;                  /* Level to create new segment at */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
-  SegmentWriter *pWriter = 0;
-  int nSegment = 0;               /* Number of segments being merged */
-  Fts3SegReader **apSegment = 0;  /* Array of Segment iterators */
-  Fts3SegReader *pPending = 0;    /* Iterator for pending-terms */
-  Fts3SegFilter filter;           /* Segment term filter condition */
-
-  if( iLevel<0 ){
-    /* This call is to merge all segments in the database to a single
-    ** segment. The level of the new segment is equal to the the numerically 
-    ** greatest segment level currently present in the database. The index
-    ** of the new segment is always 0.
-    */
-    iIdx = 0;
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderPending(p, 0, 0, 1, &pPending);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-    rc = fts3SegmentCountMax(p, &nSegment, &iNewLevel);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-    nSegment += (pPending!=0);
-    if( nSegment<=1 ){
-      return SQLITE_DONE;
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* This call is to merge all segments at level iLevel. Find the next
-    ** available segment index at level iLevel+1. The call to
-    ** fts3AllocateSegdirIdx() will merge the segments at level iLevel+1 to 
-    ** a single iLevel+2 segment if necessary.
-    */
-    iNewLevel = iLevel+1;
-    rc = fts3AllocateSegdirIdx(p, iNewLevel, &iIdx);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-    rc = fts3SegmentCount(p, iLevel, &nSegment);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-  }
-  assert( nSegment>0 );
-  assert( iNewLevel>=0 );
-
-  /* Allocate space for an array of pointers to segment iterators. */
-  apSegment = (Fts3SegReader**)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts3SegReader *)*nSegment);
-  if( !apSegment ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    goto finished;
-  }
-  memset(apSegment, 0, sizeof(Fts3SegReader *)*nSegment);
-
-  /* Allocate a Fts3SegReader structure for each segment being merged. A 
-  ** Fts3SegReader stores the state data required to iterate through all 
-  ** entries on all leaves of a single segment. 
-  */
-  assert( SQL_SELECT_LEVEL+1==SQL_SELECT_ALL_LEVEL);
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_LEVEL+(iLevel<0), &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-  sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, 1, iLevel);
-  for(i=0; SQLITE_ROW==(sqlite3_step(pStmt)); i++){
-    rc = fts3SegReaderNew(p, pStmt, i, &apSegment[i]);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto finished;
-    }
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  if( pPending ){
-    apSegment[i] = pPending;
-    pPending = 0;
-  }
-  pStmt = 0;
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-
-  memset(&filter, 0, sizeof(Fts3SegFilter));
-  filter.flags = FTS3_SEGMENT_REQUIRE_POS;
-  filter.flags |= (iLevel<0 ? FTS3_SEGMENT_IGNORE_EMPTY : 0);
-  rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderIterate(p, apSegment, nSegment,
-      &filter, fts3MergeCallback, (void *)&pWriter
-  );
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-
-  rc = fts3DeleteSegdir(p, iLevel, apSegment, nSegment);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = fts3SegWriterFlush(p, pWriter, iNewLevel, iIdx);
-  }
-
- finished:
-  fts3SegWriterFree(pWriter);
-  if( apSegment ){
-    for(i=0; i<nSegment; i++){
-      sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree(p, apSegment[i]);
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(apSegment);
-  }
-  sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree(p, pPending);
-  sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/* 
-** Flush the contents of pendingTerms to a level 0 segment.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(Fts3Table *p){
-  int rc;                         /* Return Code */
-  int idx;                        /* Index of new segment created */
-  SegmentWriter *pWriter = 0;     /* Used to write the segment */
-  Fts3SegReader *pReader = 0;     /* Used to iterate through the hash table */
-
-  /* Allocate a SegReader object to iterate through the contents of the
-  ** pending-terms table. If an error occurs, or if there are no terms
-  ** in the pending-terms table, return immediately.
-  */
-  rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderPending(p, 0, 0, 1, &pReader);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pReader==0 ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* Determine the next index at level 0. If level 0 is already full, this
-  ** call may merge all existing level 0 segments into a single level 1
-  ** segment.
-  */
-  rc = fts3AllocateSegdirIdx(p, 0, &idx);
-
-  /* If no errors have occured, iterate through the contents of the 
-  ** pending-terms hash table using the Fts3SegReader iterator. The callback
-  ** writes each term (along with its doclist) to the database via the
-  ** SegmentWriter handle pWriter.
-  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    void *c = (void *)&pWriter;   /* SegReaderIterate() callback context */
-    Fts3SegFilter f;              /* SegReaderIterate() parameters */
-
-    memset(&f, 0, sizeof(Fts3SegFilter));
-    f.flags = FTS3_SEGMENT_REQUIRE_POS;
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderIterate(p, &pReader, 1, &f, fts3FlushCallback, c);
-  }
-  assert( pWriter || rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-
-  /* If no errors have occured, flush the SegmentWriter object to the
-  ** database. Then delete the SegmentWriter and Fts3SegReader objects
-  ** allocated by this function.
-  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = fts3SegWriterFlush(p, pWriter, 0, idx);
-  }
-  fts3SegWriterFree(pWriter);
-  sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree(p, pReader);
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(p);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Encode N integers as varints into a blob.
-*/
-static void fts3EncodeIntArray(
-  int N,             /* The number of integers to encode */
-  u32 *a,            /* The integer values */
-  char *zBuf,        /* Write the BLOB here */
-  int *pNBuf         /* Write number of bytes if zBuf[] used here */
-){
-  int i, j;
-  for(i=j=0; i<N; i++){
-    j += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&zBuf[j], (sqlite3_int64)a[i]);
-  }
-  *pNBuf = j;
-}
-
-/*
-** Decode a blob of varints into N integers
-*/
-static void fts3DecodeIntArray(
-  int N,             /* The number of integers to decode */
-  u32 *a,            /* Write the integer values */
-  const char *zBuf,  /* The BLOB containing the varints */
-  int nBuf           /* size of the BLOB */
-){
-  int i, j;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nBuf);
-  for(i=j=0; i<N; i++){
-    sqlite3_int64 x;
-    j += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(&zBuf[j], &x);
-    assert(j<=nBuf);
-    a[i] = (u32)(x & 0xffffffff);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Fill in the document size auxiliary information for the matchinfo
-** structure.  The auxiliary information is:
-**
-**    N     Total number of documents in the full-text index
-**    a0    Average length of column 0 over the whole index
-**    n0    Length of column 0 on the matching row
-**    ...
-**    aM    Average length of column M over the whole index
-**    nM    Length of column M on the matching row
-**
-** The fts3MatchinfoDocsizeLocal() routine fills in the nX values.
-** The fts3MatchinfoDocsizeGlobal() routine fills in N and the aX values.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MatchinfoDocsizeLocal(Fts3Cursor *pCur, u32 *a){
-  const char *pBlob;       /* The BLOB holding %_docsize info */
-  int nBlob;               /* Size of the BLOB */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;     /* Statement for reading and writing */
-  int i, j;                /* Loop counters */
-  sqlite3_int64 x;         /* Varint value */
-  int rc;                  /* Result code from subfunctions */
-  Fts3Table *p;            /* The FTS table */
-
-  p = (Fts3Table*)pCur->base.pVtab;
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_DOCSIZE, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 1, pCur->iPrevId);
-  if( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
-    nBlob = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 0);
-    pBlob = (const char*)sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 0);
-    for(i=j=0; i<p->nColumn && j<nBlob; i++){
-      j = sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(&pBlob[j], &x);
-      a[2+i*2] = (u32)(x & 0xffffffff);
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MatchinfoDocsizeGlobal(Fts3Cursor *pCur, u32 *a){
-  const char *pBlob;       /* The BLOB holding %_stat info */
-  int nBlob;               /* Size of the BLOB */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;     /* Statement for reading and writing */
-  int i, j;                /* Loop counters */
-  sqlite3_int64 x;         /* Varint value */
-  int nDoc;                /* Number of documents */
-  int rc;                  /* Result code from subfunctions */
-  Fts3Table *p;            /* The FTS table */
-
-  p = (Fts3Table*)pCur->base.pVtab;
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_DOCTOTAL, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
-    nBlob = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 0);
-    pBlob = (const char*)sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 0);
-    j = sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(pBlob, &x);
-    a[0] = nDoc = (u32)(x & 0xffffffff);
-    for(i=0; i<p->nColumn && j<nBlob; i++){
-      j = sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(&pBlob[j], &x);
-      a[1+i*2] = ((u32)(x & 0xffffffff) + nDoc/2)/nDoc;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
-}
-
-/*
-** Insert the sizes (in tokens) for each column of the document
-** with docid equal to p->iPrevDocid.  The sizes are encoded as
-** a blob of varints.
-*/
-static void fts3InsertDocsize(
-  int *pRC,         /* Result code */
-  Fts3Table *p,     /* Table into which to insert */
-  u32 *aSz          /* Sizes of each column */
-){
-  char *pBlob;             /* The BLOB encoding of the document size */
-  int nBlob;               /* Number of bytes in the BLOB */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;     /* Statement used to insert the encoding */
-  int rc;                  /* Result code from subfunctions */
-
-  if( *pRC ) return;
-  pBlob = sqlite3_malloc( 10*p->nColumn );
-  if( pBlob==0 ){
-    *pRC = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    return;
-  }
-  fts3EncodeIntArray(p->nColumn, aSz, pBlob, &nBlob);
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_REPLACE_DOCSIZE, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc ){
-    sqlite3_free(pBlob);
-    *pRC = rc;
-    return;
-  }
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 1, p->iPrevDocid);
-  sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, 2, pBlob, nBlob, sqlite3_free);
-  sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-  *pRC = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-}
-
-/*
-** Update the 0 record of the %_stat table so that it holds a blob
-** which contains the document count followed by the cumulative
-** document sizes for all columns.
-*/
-static void fts3UpdateDocTotals(
-  int *pRC,       /* The result code */
-  Fts3Table *p,   /* Table being updated */
-  u32 *aSzIns,    /* Size increases */
-  u32 *aSzDel,    /* Size decreases */
-  int nChng       /* Change in the number of documents */
-){
-  char *pBlob;             /* Storage for BLOB written into %_stat */
-  int nBlob;               /* Size of BLOB written into %_stat */
-  u32 *a;                  /* Array of integers that becomes the BLOB */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;     /* Statement for reading and writing */
-  int i;                   /* Loop counter */
-  int rc;                  /* Result code from subfunctions */
-
-  if( *pRC ) return;
-  a = sqlite3_malloc( (sizeof(u32)+10)*(p->nColumn+1) );
-  if( a==0 ){
-    *pRC = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    return;
-  }
-  pBlob = (char*)&a[p->nColumn+1];
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_DOCTOTAL, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc ){
-    sqlite3_free(a);
-    *pRC = rc;
-    return;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
-    fts3DecodeIntArray(p->nColumn+1, a,
-         sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 0),
-         sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 0));
-  }else{
-    memset(a, 0, sizeof(u32)*(p->nColumn+1) );
-  }
-  sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  if( nChng<0 && a[0]<(u32)(-nChng) ){
-    a[0] = 0;
-  }else{
-    a[0] += nChng;
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<p->nColumn; i++){
-    u32 x = a[i+1];
-    if( x+aSzIns[i] < aSzDel[i] ){
-      x = 0;
-    }else{
-      x = x + aSzIns[i] - aSzDel[i];
-    }
-    a[i+1] = x;
-  }
-  fts3EncodeIntArray(p->nColumn+1, a, pBlob, &nBlob);
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_REPLACE_DOCTOTAL, &pStmt, 0);
-  if( rc ){
-    sqlite3_free(a);
-    *pRC = rc;
-    return;
-  }
-  sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, 1, pBlob, nBlob, SQLITE_STATIC);
-  sqlite3_step(pStmt);
-  *pRC = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  sqlite3_free(a);
-}
-
-/*
-** Handle a 'special' INSERT of the form:
-**
-**   "INSERT INTO tbl(tbl) VALUES(<expr>)"
-**
-** Argument pVal contains the result of <expr>. Currently the only 
-** meaningful value to insert is the text 'optimize'.
-*/
-static int fts3SpecialInsert(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  int rc;                         /* Return Code */
-  const char *zVal = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
-  int nVal = sqlite3_value_bytes(pVal);
-
-  if( !zVal ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else if( nVal==8 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "optimize", 8) ){
-    rc = fts3SegmentMerge(p, -1);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(p);
-    }
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  }else if( nVal>9 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "nodesize=", 9) ){
-    p->nNodeSize = atoi(&zVal[9]);
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else if( nVal>11 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "maxpending=", 9) ){
-    p->nMaxPendingData = atoi(&zVal[11]);
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-#endif
-  }else{
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function does the work for the xUpdate method of FTS3 virtual
-** tables.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3UpdateMethod(
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,            /* FTS3 vtab object */
-  int nArg,                       /* Size of argument array */
-  sqlite3_value **apVal,          /* Array of arguments */
-  sqlite_int64 *pRowid            /* OUT: The affected (or effected) rowid */
-){
-  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table *)pVtab;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
-  int isRemove = 0;               /* True for an UPDATE or DELETE */
-  sqlite3_int64 iRemove = 0;      /* Rowid removed by UPDATE or DELETE */
-  u32 *aSzIns;                    /* Sizes of inserted documents */
-  u32 *aSzDel;                    /* Sizes of deleted documents */
-  int nChng = 0;                  /* Net change in number of documents */
-
-
-  /* Allocate space to hold the change in document sizes */
-  aSzIns = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(aSzIns[0])*p->nColumn*2 );
-  if( aSzIns==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  aSzDel = &aSzIns[p->nColumn];
-  memset(aSzIns, 0, sizeof(aSzIns[0])*p->nColumn*2);
-
-  /* If this is a DELETE or UPDATE operation, remove the old record. */
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0])!=SQLITE_NULL ){
-    int isEmpty;
-    rc = fts3IsEmpty(p, apVal, &isEmpty);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      if( isEmpty ){
-        /* Deleting this row means the whole table is empty. In this case
-        ** delete the contents of all three tables and throw away any
-        ** data in the pendingTerms hash table.
-        */
-        rc = fts3DeleteAll(p);
-      }else{
-        isRemove = 1;
-        iRemove = sqlite3_value_int64(apVal[0]);
-        rc = fts3PendingTermsDocid(p, iRemove);
-        fts3DeleteTerms(&rc, p, apVal, aSzDel);
-        fts3SqlExec(&rc, p, SQL_DELETE_CONTENT, apVal);
-        if( p->bHasDocsize ){
-          fts3SqlExec(&rc, p, SQL_DELETE_DOCSIZE, apVal);
-          nChng--;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }else if( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[p->nColumn+2])!=SQLITE_NULL ){
-    sqlite3_free(aSzIns);
-    return fts3SpecialInsert(p, apVal[p->nColumn+2]);
-  }
-  
-  /* If this is an INSERT or UPDATE operation, insert the new record. */
-  if( nArg>1 && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = fts3InsertData(p, apVal, pRowid);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (!isRemove || *pRowid!=iRemove) ){
-      rc = fts3PendingTermsDocid(p, *pRowid);
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = fts3InsertTerms(p, apVal, aSzIns);
-    }
-    if( p->bHasDocsize ){
-      nChng++;
-      fts3InsertDocsize(&rc, p, aSzIns);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( p->bHasDocsize ){
-    fts3UpdateDocTotals(&rc, p, aSzIns, aSzDel, nChng);
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_free(aSzIns);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Flush any data in the pending-terms hash table to disk. If successful,
-** merge all segments in the database (including the new segment, if 
-** there was any data to flush) into a single segment. 
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Optimize(Fts3Table *p){
-  int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, "SAVEPOINT fts3", 0, 0, 0);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = fts3SegmentMerge(p, -1);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, "RELEASE fts3", 0, 0, 0);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(p);
-      }
-    }else{
-      sqlite3_exec(p->db, "ROLLBACK TO fts3", 0, 0, 0);
-      sqlite3_exec(p->db, "RELEASE fts3", 0, 0, 0);
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#endif
-
-/************** End of fts3_write.c ******************************************/
-/************** Begin file fts3_snippet.c ************************************/
-/*
-** 2009 Oct 23
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-******************************************************************************
-*/
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
-
-
-
-/*
-** Used as an fts3ExprIterate() context when loading phrase doclists to
-** Fts3Expr.aDoclist[]/nDoclist.
-*/
-typedef struct LoadDoclistCtx LoadDoclistCtx;
-struct LoadDoclistCtx {
-  Fts3Table *pTab;                /* FTS3 Table */
-  int nPhrase;                    /* Number of phrases seen so far */
-  int nToken;                     /* Number of tokens seen so far */
-};
-
-/*
-** The following types are used as part of the implementation of the 
-** fts3BestSnippet() routine.
-*/
-typedef struct SnippetIter SnippetIter;
-typedef struct SnippetPhrase SnippetPhrase;
-typedef struct SnippetFragment SnippetFragment;
-
-struct SnippetIter {
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr;               /* Cursor snippet is being generated from */
-  int iCol;                       /* Extract snippet from this column */
-  int nSnippet;                   /* Requested snippet length (in tokens) */
-  int nPhrase;                    /* Number of phrases in query */
-  SnippetPhrase *aPhrase;         /* Array of size nPhrase */
-  int iCurrent;                   /* First token of current snippet */
-};
-
-struct SnippetPhrase {
-  int nToken;                     /* Number of tokens in phrase */
-  char *pList;                    /* Pointer to start of phrase position list */
-  int iHead;                      /* Next value in position list */
-  char *pHead;                    /* Position list data following iHead */
-  int iTail;                      /* Next value in trailing position list */
-  char *pTail;                    /* Position list data following iTail */
-};
-
-struct SnippetFragment {
-  int iCol;                       /* Column snippet is extracted from */
-  int iPos;                       /* Index of first token in snippet */
-  u64 covered;                    /* Mask of query phrases covered */
-  u64 hlmask;                     /* Mask of snippet terms to highlight */
-};
-
-/*
-** This type is used as an fts3ExprIterate() context object while 
-** accumulating the data returned by the matchinfo() function.
-*/
-typedef struct MatchInfo MatchInfo;
-struct MatchInfo {
-  Fts3Cursor *pCursor;            /* FTS3 Cursor */
-  int nCol;                       /* Number of columns in table */
-  u32 *aMatchinfo;                /* Pre-allocated buffer */
-};
-
-
-
-/*
-** The snippet() and offsets() functions both return text values. An instance
-** of the following structure is used to accumulate those values while the
-** functions are running. See fts3StringAppend() for details.
-*/
-typedef struct StrBuffer StrBuffer;
-struct StrBuffer {
-  char *z;                        /* Pointer to buffer containing string */
-  int n;                          /* Length of z in bytes (excl. nul-term) */
-  int nAlloc;                     /* Allocated size of buffer z in bytes */
-};
-
-
-/*
-** This function is used to help iterate through a position-list. A position
-** list is a list of unique integers, sorted from smallest to largest. Each
-** element of the list is represented by an FTS3 varint that takes the value
-** of the difference between the current element and the previous one plus
-** two. For example, to store the position-list:
-**
-**     4 9 113
-**
-** the three varints:
-**
-**     6 7 106
-**
-** are encoded.
-**
-** When this function is called, *pp points to the start of an element of
-** the list. *piPos contains the value of the previous entry in the list.
-** After it returns, *piPos contains the value of the next element of the
-** list and *pp is advanced to the following varint.
-*/
-static void fts3GetDeltaPosition(char **pp, int *piPos){
-  int iVal;
-  *pp += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(*pp, &iVal);
-  *piPos += (iVal-2);
-}
-
-/*
-** Helper function for fts3ExprIterate() (see below).
-*/
-static int fts3ExprIterate2(
-  Fts3Expr *pExpr,                /* Expression to iterate phrases of */
-  int *piPhrase,                  /* Pointer to phrase counter */
-  int (*x)(Fts3Expr*,int,void*),  /* Callback function to invoke for phrases */
-  void *pCtx                      /* Second argument to pass to callback */
-){
-  int rc;                         /* Return code */
-  int eType = pExpr->eType;       /* Type of expression node pExpr */
-
-  if( eType!=FTSQUERY_PHRASE ){
-    assert( pExpr->pLeft && pExpr->pRight );
-    rc = fts3ExprIterate2(pExpr->pLeft, piPhrase, x, pCtx);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && eType!=FTSQUERY_NOT ){
-      rc = fts3ExprIterate2(pExpr->pRight, piPhrase, x, pCtx);
-    }
-  }else{
-    rc = x(pExpr, *piPhrase, pCtx);
-    (*piPhrase)++;
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Iterate through all phrase nodes in an FTS3 query, except those that
-** are part of a sub-tree that is the right-hand-side of a NOT operator.
-** For each phrase node found, the supplied callback function is invoked.
-**
-** If the callback function returns anything other than SQLITE_OK, 
-** the iteration is abandoned and the error code returned immediately.
-** Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is returned after a callback has been made for
-** all eligible phrase nodes.
-*/
-static int fts3ExprIterate(
-  Fts3Expr *pExpr,                /* Expression to iterate phrases of */
-  int (*x)(Fts3Expr*,int,void*),  /* Callback function to invoke for phrases */
-  void *pCtx                      /* Second argument to pass to callback */
-){
-  int iPhrase = 0;                /* Variable used as the phrase counter */
-  return fts3ExprIterate2(pExpr, &iPhrase, x, pCtx);
-}
-
-/*
-** The argument to this function is always a phrase node. Its doclist 
-** (Fts3Expr.aDoclist[]) and the doclists associated with all phrase nodes
-** to the left of this one in the query tree have already been loaded.
-**
-** If this phrase node is part of a series of phrase nodes joined by 
-** NEAR operators (and is not the left-most of said series), then elements are
-** removed from the phrases doclist consistent with the NEAR restriction. If
-** required, elements may be removed from the doclists of phrases to the
-** left of this one that are part of the same series of NEAR operator 
-** connected phrases.
-**
-** If an OOM error occurs, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
-*/
-static int fts3ExprNearTrim(Fts3Expr *pExpr){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  Fts3Expr *pParent = pExpr->pParent;
-
-  assert( pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE );
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK
-   && pParent 
-   && pParent->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR 
-   && pParent->pRight==pExpr 
-  ){
-    /* This expression (pExpr) is the right-hand-side of a NEAR operator. 
-    ** Find the expression to the left of the same operator.
-    */
-    int nNear = pParent->nNear;
-    Fts3Expr *pLeft = pParent->pLeft;
-
-    if( pLeft->eType!=FTSQUERY_PHRASE ){
-      assert( pLeft->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR );
-      assert( pLeft->pRight->eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE );
-      pLeft = pLeft->pRight;
-    }
-
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3ExprNearTrim(pLeft, pExpr, nNear);
-
-    pExpr = pLeft;
-    pParent = pExpr->pParent;
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This is an fts3ExprIterate() callback used while loading the doclists
-** for each phrase into Fts3Expr.aDoclist[]/nDoclist. See also
-** fts3ExprLoadDoclists().
-*/
-static int fts3ExprLoadDoclistsCb1(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int iPhrase, void *ctx){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  LoadDoclistCtx *p = (LoadDoclistCtx *)ctx;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(iPhrase);
-
-  p->nPhrase++;
-  p->nToken += pExpr->pPhrase->nToken;
-
-  if( pExpr->isLoaded==0 ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3ExprLoadDoclist(p->pTab, pExpr);
-    pExpr->isLoaded = 1;
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = fts3ExprNearTrim(pExpr);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This is an fts3ExprIterate() callback used while loading the doclists
-** for each phrase into Fts3Expr.aDoclist[]/nDoclist. See also
-** fts3ExprLoadDoclists().
-*/
-static int fts3ExprLoadDoclistsCb2(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int iPhrase, void *ctx){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(iPhrase);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(ctx);
-  if( pExpr->aDoclist ){
-    pExpr->pCurrent = pExpr->aDoclist;
-    pExpr->iCurrent = 0;
-    pExpr->pCurrent += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(pExpr->pCurrent, &pExpr->iCurrent);
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Load the doclists for each phrase in the query associated with FTS3 cursor
-** pCsr. 
-**
-** If pnPhrase is not NULL, then *pnPhrase is set to the number of matchable 
-** phrases in the expression (all phrases except those directly or 
-** indirectly descended from the right-hand-side of a NOT operator). If 
-** pnToken is not NULL, then it is set to the number of tokens in all
-** matchable phrases of the expression.
-*/
-static int fts3ExprLoadDoclists(
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr,               /* Fts3 cursor for current query */
-  int *pnPhrase,                  /* OUT: Number of phrases in query */
-  int *pnToken                    /* OUT: Number of tokens in query */
-){
-  int rc;                         /* Return Code */
-  LoadDoclistCtx sCtx = {0,0,0};  /* Context for fts3ExprIterate() */
-  sCtx.pTab = (Fts3Table *)pCsr->base.pVtab;
-  rc = fts3ExprIterate(pCsr->pExpr, fts3ExprLoadDoclistsCb1, (void *)&sCtx);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    (void)fts3ExprIterate(pCsr->pExpr, fts3ExprLoadDoclistsCb2, 0);
-  }
-  if( pnPhrase ) *pnPhrase = sCtx.nPhrase;
-  if( pnToken ) *pnToken = sCtx.nToken;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Advance the position list iterator specified by the first two 
-** arguments so that it points to the first element with a value greater
-** than or equal to parameter iNext.
-*/
-static void fts3SnippetAdvance(char **ppIter, int *piIter, int iNext){
-  char *pIter = *ppIter;
-  if( pIter ){
-    int iIter = *piIter;
-
-    while( iIter<iNext ){
-      if( 0==(*pIter & 0xFE) ){
-        iIter = -1;
-        pIter = 0;
-        break;
-      }
-      fts3GetDeltaPosition(&pIter, &iIter);
-    }
-
-    *piIter = iIter;
-    *ppIter = pIter;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Advance the snippet iterator to the next candidate snippet.
-*/
-static int fts3SnippetNextCandidate(SnippetIter *pIter){
-  int i;                          /* Loop counter */
-
-  if( pIter->iCurrent<0 ){
-    /* The SnippetIter object has just been initialized. The first snippet
-    ** candidate always starts at offset 0 (even if this candidate has a
-    ** score of 0.0).
-    */
-    pIter->iCurrent = 0;
-
-    /* Advance the 'head' iterator of each phrase to the first offset that
-    ** is greater than or equal to (iNext+nSnippet).
-    */
-    for(i=0; i<pIter->nPhrase; i++){
-      SnippetPhrase *pPhrase = &pIter->aPhrase[i];
-      fts3SnippetAdvance(&pPhrase->pHead, &pPhrase->iHead, pIter->nSnippet);
-    }
-  }else{
-    int iStart;
-    int iEnd = 0x7FFFFFFF;
-
-    for(i=0; i<pIter->nPhrase; i++){
-      SnippetPhrase *pPhrase = &pIter->aPhrase[i];
-      if( pPhrase->pHead && pPhrase->iHead<iEnd ){
-        iEnd = pPhrase->iHead;
-      }
-    }
-    if( iEnd==0x7FFFFFFF ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    pIter->iCurrent = iStart = iEnd - pIter->nSnippet + 1;
-    for(i=0; i<pIter->nPhrase; i++){
-      SnippetPhrase *pPhrase = &pIter->aPhrase[i];
-      fts3SnippetAdvance(&pPhrase->pHead, &pPhrase->iHead, iEnd+1);
-      fts3SnippetAdvance(&pPhrase->pTail, &pPhrase->iTail, iStart);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Retrieve information about the current candidate snippet of snippet 
-** iterator pIter.
-*/
-static void fts3SnippetDetails(
-  SnippetIter *pIter,             /* Snippet iterator */
-  u64 mCovered,                   /* Bitmask of phrases already covered */
-  int *piToken,                   /* OUT: First token of proposed snippet */
-  int *piScore,                   /* OUT: "Score" for this snippet */
-  u64 *pmCover,                   /* OUT: Bitmask of phrases covered */
-  u64 *pmHighlight                /* OUT: Bitmask of terms to highlight */
-){
-  int iStart = pIter->iCurrent;   /* First token of snippet */
-  int iScore = 0;                 /* Score of this snippet */
-  int i;                          /* Loop counter */
-  u64 mCover = 0;                 /* Mask of phrases covered by this snippet */
-  u64 mHighlight = 0;             /* Mask of tokens to highlight in snippet */
-
-  for(i=0; i<pIter->nPhrase; i++){
-    SnippetPhrase *pPhrase = &pIter->aPhrase[i];
-    if( pPhrase->pTail ){
-      char *pCsr = pPhrase->pTail;
-      int iCsr = pPhrase->iTail;
-
-      while( iCsr<(iStart+pIter->nSnippet) ){
-        int j;
-        u64 mPhrase = (u64)1 << i;
-        u64 mPos = (u64)1 << (iCsr - iStart);
-        assert( iCsr>=iStart );
-        if( (mCover|mCovered)&mPhrase ){
-          iScore++;
-        }else{
-          iScore += 1000;
-        }
-        mCover |= mPhrase;
-
-        for(j=0; j<pPhrase->nToken; j++){
-          mHighlight |= (mPos>>j);
-        }
-
-        if( 0==(*pCsr & 0x0FE) ) break;
-        fts3GetDeltaPosition(&pCsr, &iCsr);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Set the output variables before returning. */
-  *piToken = iStart;
-  *piScore = iScore;
-  *pmCover = mCover;
-  *pmHighlight = mHighlight;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is an fts3ExprIterate() callback used by fts3BestSnippet().
-** Each invocation populates an element of the SnippetIter.aPhrase[] array.
-*/
-static int fts3SnippetFindPositions(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int iPhrase, void *ctx){
-  SnippetIter *p = (SnippetIter *)ctx;
-  SnippetPhrase *pPhrase = &p->aPhrase[iPhrase];
-  char *pCsr;
-
-  pPhrase->nToken = pExpr->pPhrase->nToken;
-
-  pCsr = sqlite3Fts3FindPositions(pExpr, p->pCsr->iPrevId, p->iCol);
-  if( pCsr ){
-    int iFirst = 0;
-    pPhrase->pList = pCsr;
-    fts3GetDeltaPosition(&pCsr, &iFirst);
-    pPhrase->pHead = pCsr;
-    pPhrase->pTail = pCsr;
-    pPhrase->iHead = iFirst;
-    pPhrase->iTail = iFirst;
-  }else{
-    assert( pPhrase->pList==0 && pPhrase->pHead==0 && pPhrase->pTail==0 );
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Select the fragment of text consisting of nFragment contiguous tokens 
-** from column iCol that represent the "best" snippet. The best snippet
-** is the snippet with the highest score, where scores are calculated
-** by adding:
-**
-**   (a) +1 point for each occurence of a matchable phrase in the snippet.
-**
-**   (b) +1000 points for the first occurence of each matchable phrase in 
-**       the snippet for which the corresponding mCovered bit is not set.
-**
-** The selected snippet parameters are stored in structure *pFragment before
-** returning. The score of the selected snippet is stored in *piScore
-** before returning.
-*/
-static int fts3BestSnippet(
-  int nSnippet,                   /* Desired snippet length */
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr,               /* Cursor to create snippet for */
-  int iCol,                       /* Index of column to create snippet from */
-  u64 mCovered,                   /* Mask of phrases already covered */
-  u64 *pmSeen,                    /* IN/OUT: Mask of phrases seen */
-  SnippetFragment *pFragment,     /* OUT: Best snippet found */
-  int *piScore                    /* OUT: Score of snippet pFragment */
-){
-  int rc;                         /* Return Code */
-  int nList;                      /* Number of phrases in expression */
-  SnippetIter sIter;              /* Iterates through snippet candidates */
-  int nByte;                      /* Number of bytes of space to allocate */
-  int iBestScore = -1;            /* Best snippet score found so far */
-  int i;                          /* Loop counter */
-
-  memset(&sIter, 0, sizeof(sIter));
-
-  /* Iterate through the phrases in the expression to count them. The same
-  ** callback makes sure the doclists are loaded for each phrase.
-  */
-  rc = fts3ExprLoadDoclists(pCsr, &nList, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* Now that it is known how many phrases there are, allocate and zero
-  ** the required space using malloc().
-  */
-  nByte = sizeof(SnippetPhrase) * nList;
-  sIter.aPhrase = (SnippetPhrase *)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
-  if( !sIter.aPhrase ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  memset(sIter.aPhrase, 0, nByte);
-
-  /* Initialize the contents of the SnippetIter object. Then iterate through
-  ** the set of phrases in the expression to populate the aPhrase[] array.
-  */
-  sIter.pCsr = pCsr;
-  sIter.iCol = iCol;
-  sIter.nSnippet = nSnippet;
-  sIter.nPhrase = nList;
-  sIter.iCurrent = -1;
-  (void)fts3ExprIterate(pCsr->pExpr, fts3SnippetFindPositions, (void *)&sIter);
-
-  /* Set the *pmSeen output variable. */
-  for(i=0; i<nList; i++){
-    if( sIter.aPhrase[i].pHead ){
-      *pmSeen |= (u64)1 << i;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Loop through all candidate snippets. Store the best snippet in 
-  ** *pFragment. Store its associated 'score' in iBestScore.
-  */
-  pFragment->iCol = iCol;
-  while( !fts3SnippetNextCandidate(&sIter) ){
-    int iPos;
-    int iScore;
-    u64 mCover;
-    u64 mHighlight;
-    fts3SnippetDetails(&sIter, mCovered, &iPos, &iScore, &mCover, &mHighlight);
-    assert( iScore>=0 );
-    if( iScore>iBestScore ){
-      pFragment->iPos = iPos;
-      pFragment->hlmask = mHighlight;
-      pFragment->covered = mCover;
-      iBestScore = iScore;
-    }
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_free(sIter.aPhrase);
-  *piScore = iBestScore;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Append a string to the string-buffer passed as the first argument.
-**
-** If nAppend is negative, then the length of the string zAppend is
-** determined using strlen().
-*/
-static int fts3StringAppend(
-  StrBuffer *pStr,                /* Buffer to append to */
-  const char *zAppend,            /* Pointer to data to append to buffer */
-  int nAppend                     /* Size of zAppend in bytes (or -1) */
-){
-  if( nAppend<0 ){
-    nAppend = (int)strlen(zAppend);
-  }
-
-  /* If there is insufficient space allocated at StrBuffer.z, use realloc()
-  ** to grow the buffer until so that it is big enough to accomadate the
-  ** appended data.
-  */
-  if( pStr->n+nAppend+1>=pStr->nAlloc ){
-    int nAlloc = pStr->nAlloc+nAppend+100;
-    char *zNew = sqlite3_realloc(pStr->z, nAlloc);
-    if( !zNew ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    pStr->z = zNew;
-    pStr->nAlloc = nAlloc;
-  }
-
-  /* Append the data to the string buffer. */
-  memcpy(&pStr->z[pStr->n], zAppend, nAppend);
-  pStr->n += nAppend;
-  pStr->z[pStr->n] = '\0';
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** The fts3BestSnippet() function often selects snippets that end with a
-** query term. That is, the final term of the snippet is always a term
-** that requires highlighting. For example, if 'X' is a highlighted term
-** and '.' is a non-highlighted term, BestSnippet() may select:
-**
-**     ........X.....X
-**
-** This function "shifts" the beginning of the snippet forward in the 
-** document so that there are approximately the same number of 
-** non-highlighted terms to the right of the final highlighted term as there
-** are to the left of the first highlighted term. For example, to this:
-**
-**     ....X.....X....
-**
-** This is done as part of extracting the snippet text, not when selecting
-** the snippet. Snippet selection is done based on doclists only, so there
-** is no way for fts3BestSnippet() to know whether or not the document 
-** actually contains terms that follow the final highlighted term. 
-*/
-int fts3SnippetShift(
-  Fts3Table *pTab,                /* FTS3 table snippet comes from */
-  int nSnippet,                   /* Number of tokens desired for snippet */
-  const char *zDoc,               /* Document text to extract snippet from */
-  int nDoc,                       /* Size of buffer zDoc in bytes */
-  int *piPos,                     /* IN/OUT: First token of snippet */
-  u64 *pHlmask                    /* IN/OUT: Mask of tokens to highlight */
-){
-  u64 hlmask = *pHlmask;          /* Local copy of initial highlight-mask */
-
-  if( hlmask ){
-    int nLeft;                    /* Tokens to the left of first highlight */
-    int nRight;                   /* Tokens to the right of last highlight */
-    int nDesired;                 /* Ideal number of tokens to shift forward */
-
-    for(nLeft=0; !(hlmask & ((u64)1 << nLeft)); nLeft++);
-    for(nRight=0; !(hlmask & ((u64)1 << (nSnippet-1-nRight))); nRight++);
-    nDesired = (nLeft-nRight)/2;
-
-    /* Ideally, the start of the snippet should be pushed forward in the
-    ** document nDesired tokens. This block checks if there are actually
-    ** nDesired tokens to the right of the snippet. If so, *piPos and
-    ** *pHlMask are updated to shift the snippet nDesired tokens to the
-    ** right. Otherwise, the snippet is shifted by the number of tokens
-    ** available.
-    */
-    if( nDesired>0 ){
-      int nShift;                 /* Number of tokens to shift snippet by */
-      int iCurrent = 0;           /* Token counter */
-      int rc;                     /* Return Code */
-      sqlite3_tokenizer_module *pMod;
-      sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pC;
-      pMod = (sqlite3_tokenizer_module *)pTab->pTokenizer->pModule;
-
-      /* Open a cursor on zDoc/nDoc. Check if there are (nSnippet+nDesired)
-      ** or more tokens in zDoc/nDoc.
-      */
-      rc = pMod->xOpen(pTab->pTokenizer, zDoc, nDoc, &pC);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        return rc;
-      }
-      pC->pTokenizer = pTab->pTokenizer;
-      while( rc==SQLITE_OK && iCurrent<(nSnippet+nDesired) ){
-        const char *ZDUMMY; int DUMMY1, DUMMY2, DUMMY3;
-        rc = pMod->xNext(pC, &ZDUMMY, &DUMMY1, &DUMMY2, &DUMMY3, &iCurrent);
-      }
-      pMod->xClose(pC);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){ return rc; }
-
-      nShift = (rc==SQLITE_DONE)+iCurrent-nSnippet;
-      assert( nShift<=nDesired );
-      if( nShift>0 ){
-        *piPos += nShift;
-        *pHlmask = hlmask >> nShift;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Extract the snippet text for fragment pFragment from cursor pCsr and
-** append it to string buffer pOut.
-*/
-static int fts3SnippetText(
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr,               /* FTS3 Cursor */
-  SnippetFragment *pFragment,     /* Snippet to extract */
-  int iFragment,                  /* Fragment number */
-  int isLast,                     /* True for final fragment in snippet */
-  int nSnippet,                   /* Number of tokens in extracted snippet */
-  const char *zOpen,              /* String inserted before highlighted term */
-  const char *zClose,             /* String inserted after highlighted term */
-  const char *zEllipsis,          /* String inserted between snippets */
-  StrBuffer *pOut                 /* Write output here */
-){
-  Fts3Table *pTab = (Fts3Table *)pCsr->base.pVtab;
-  int rc;                         /* Return code */
-  const char *zDoc;               /* Document text to extract snippet from */
-  int nDoc;                       /* Size of zDoc in bytes */
-  int iCurrent = 0;               /* Current token number of document */
-  int iEnd = 0;                   /* Byte offset of end of current token */
-  int isShiftDone = 0;            /* True after snippet is shifted */
-  int iPos = pFragment->iPos;     /* First token of snippet */
-  u64 hlmask = pFragment->hlmask; /* Highlight-mask for snippet */
-  int iCol = pFragment->iCol+1;   /* Query column to extract text from */
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_module *pMod; /* Tokenizer module methods object */
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pC;   /* Tokenizer cursor open on zDoc/nDoc */
-  const char *ZDUMMY;             /* Dummy argument used with tokenizer */
-  int DUMMY1;                     /* Dummy argument used with tokenizer */
-  
-  zDoc = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pCsr->pStmt, iCol);
-  if( zDoc==0 ){
-    if( sqlite3_column_type(pCsr->pStmt, iCol)!=SQLITE_NULL ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  nDoc = sqlite3_column_bytes(pCsr->pStmt, iCol);
-
-  /* Open a token cursor on the document. */
-  pMod = (sqlite3_tokenizer_module *)pTab->pTokenizer->pModule;
-  rc = pMod->xOpen(pTab->pTokenizer, zDoc, nDoc, &pC);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  pC->pTokenizer = pTab->pTokenizer;
-
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int iBegin;                   /* Offset in zDoc of start of token */
-    int iFin;                     /* Offset in zDoc of end of token */
-    int isHighlight;              /* True for highlighted terms */
-
-    rc = pMod->xNext(pC, &ZDUMMY, &DUMMY1, &iBegin, &iFin, &iCurrent);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-        /* Special case - the last token of the snippet is also the last token
-        ** of the column. Append any punctuation that occurred between the end
-        ** of the previous token and the end of the document to the output. 
-        ** Then break out of the loop. */
-        rc = fts3StringAppend(pOut, &zDoc[iEnd], -1);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    if( iCurrent<iPos ){ continue; }
-
-    if( !isShiftDone ){
-      int n = nDoc - iBegin;
-      rc = fts3SnippetShift(pTab, nSnippet, &zDoc[iBegin], n, &iPos, &hlmask);
-      isShiftDone = 1;
-
-      /* Now that the shift has been done, check if the initial "..." are
-      ** required. They are required if (a) this is not the first fragment,
-      ** or (b) this fragment does not begin at position 0 of its column. 
-      */
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (iPos>0 || iFragment>0) ){
-        rc = fts3StringAppend(pOut, zEllipsis, -1);
-      }
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || iCurrent<iPos ) continue;
-    }
-
-    if( iCurrent>=(iPos+nSnippet) ){
-      if( isLast ){
-        rc = fts3StringAppend(pOut, zEllipsis, -1);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /* Set isHighlight to true if this term should be highlighted. */
-    isHighlight = (hlmask & ((u64)1 << (iCurrent-iPos)))!=0;
-
-    if( iCurrent>iPos ) rc = fts3StringAppend(pOut, &zDoc[iEnd], iBegin-iEnd);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && isHighlight ) rc = fts3StringAppend(pOut, zOpen, -1);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = fts3StringAppend(pOut, &zDoc[iBegin], iFin-iBegin);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && isHighlight ) rc = fts3StringAppend(pOut, zClose, -1);
-
-    iEnd = iFin;
-  }
-
-  pMod->xClose(pC);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** This function is used to count the entries in a column-list (a 
-** delta-encoded list of term offsets within a single column of a single 
-** row). When this function is called, *ppCollist should point to the
-** beginning of the first varint in the column-list (the varint that
-** contains the position of the first matching term in the column data).
-** Before returning, *ppCollist is set to point to the first byte after
-** the last varint in the column-list (either the 0x00 signifying the end
-** of the position-list, or the 0x01 that precedes the column number of
-** the next column in the position-list).
-**
-** The number of elements in the column-list is returned.
-*/
-static int fts3ColumnlistCount(char **ppCollist){
-  char *pEnd = *ppCollist;
-  char c = 0;
-  int nEntry = 0;
-
-  /* A column-list is terminated by either a 0x01 or 0x00. */
-  while( 0xFE & (*pEnd | c) ){
-    c = *pEnd++ & 0x80;
-    if( !c ) nEntry++;
-  }
-
-  *ppCollist = pEnd;
-  return nEntry;
-}
-
-static void fts3LoadColumnlistCounts(char **pp, u32 *aOut, int isGlobal){
-  char *pCsr = *pp;
-  while( *pCsr ){
-    int nHit;
-    sqlite3_int64 iCol = 0;
-    if( *pCsr==0x01 ){
-      pCsr++;
-      pCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(pCsr, &iCol);
-    }
-    nHit = fts3ColumnlistCount(&pCsr);
-    assert( nHit>0 );
-    if( isGlobal ){
-      aOut[iCol*3+1]++;
-    }
-    aOut[iCol*3] += nHit;
-  }
-  pCsr++;
-  *pp = pCsr;
-}
-
-/*
-** fts3ExprIterate() callback used to collect the "global" matchinfo stats
-** for a single query. The "global" stats are those elements of the matchinfo
-** array that are constant for all rows returned by the current query.
-*/
-static int fts3ExprGlobalMatchinfoCb(
-  Fts3Expr *pExpr,                /* Phrase expression node */
-  int iPhrase,                    /* Phrase number (numbered from zero) */
-  void *pCtx                      /* Pointer to MatchInfo structure */
-){
-  MatchInfo *p = (MatchInfo *)pCtx;
-  char *pCsr;
-  char *pEnd;
-  const int iStart = 2 + (iPhrase * p->nCol * 3) + 1;
-
-  assert( pExpr->isLoaded );
-
-  /* Fill in the global hit count matrix row for this phrase. */
-  pCsr = pExpr->aDoclist;
-  pEnd = &pExpr->aDoclist[pExpr->nDoclist];
-  while( pCsr<pEnd ){
-    while( *pCsr++ & 0x80 );      /* Skip past docid. */
-    fts3LoadColumnlistCounts(&pCsr, &p->aMatchinfo[iStart], 1);
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** fts3ExprIterate() callback used to collect the "local" matchinfo stats
-** for a single query. The "local" stats are those elements of the matchinfo
-** array that are different for each row returned by the query.
-*/
-static int fts3ExprLocalMatchinfoCb(
-  Fts3Expr *pExpr,                /* Phrase expression node */
-  int iPhrase,                    /* Phrase number */
-  void *pCtx                      /* Pointer to MatchInfo structure */
-){
-  MatchInfo *p = (MatchInfo *)pCtx;
-
-  if( pExpr->aDoclist ){
-    char *pCsr;
-    int iStart = 2 + (iPhrase * p->nCol * 3);
-    int i;
-
-    for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++) p->aMatchinfo[iStart+i*3] = 0;
-
-    pCsr = sqlite3Fts3FindPositions(pExpr, p->pCursor->iPrevId, -1);
-    if( pCsr ){
-      fts3LoadColumnlistCounts(&pCsr, &p->aMatchinfo[iStart], 0);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Populate pCsr->aMatchinfo[] with data for the current row. The 
-** 'matchinfo' data is an array of 32-bit unsigned integers (C type u32).
-*/
-static int fts3GetMatchinfo(Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
-  MatchInfo sInfo;
-  Fts3Table *pTab = (Fts3Table *)pCsr->base.pVtab;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  sInfo.pCursor = pCsr;
-  sInfo.nCol = pTab->nColumn;
-
-  if( pCsr->aMatchinfo==0 ){
-    /* If Fts3Cursor.aMatchinfo[] is NULL, then this is the first time the
-    ** matchinfo function has been called for this query. In this case 
-    ** allocate the array used to accumulate the matchinfo data and
-    ** initialize those elements that are constant for every row.
-    */
-    int nPhrase;                  /* Number of phrases */
-    int nMatchinfo;               /* Number of u32 elements in match-info */
-
-    /* Load doclists for each phrase in the query. */
-    rc = fts3ExprLoadDoclists(pCsr, &nPhrase, 0);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    nMatchinfo = 2 + 3*sInfo.nCol*nPhrase;
-    if( pTab->bHasDocsize ){
-      nMatchinfo += 1 + 2*pTab->nColumn;
-    }
-
-    sInfo.aMatchinfo = (u32 *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(u32)*nMatchinfo);
-    if( !sInfo.aMatchinfo ){ 
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    memset(sInfo.aMatchinfo, 0, sizeof(u32)*nMatchinfo);
-
-
-    /* First element of match-info is the number of phrases in the query */
-    sInfo.aMatchinfo[0] = nPhrase;
-    sInfo.aMatchinfo[1] = sInfo.nCol;
-    (void)fts3ExprIterate(pCsr->pExpr, fts3ExprGlobalMatchinfoCb,(void*)&sInfo);
-    if( pTab->bHasDocsize ){
-      int ofst = 2 + 3*sInfo.aMatchinfo[0]*sInfo.aMatchinfo[1];
-      rc = sqlite3Fts3MatchinfoDocsizeGlobal(pCsr, &sInfo.aMatchinfo[ofst]);
-    }
-    pCsr->aMatchinfo = sInfo.aMatchinfo;
-    pCsr->isMatchinfoNeeded = 1;
-  }
-
-  sInfo.aMatchinfo = pCsr->aMatchinfo;
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pCsr->isMatchinfoNeeded ){
-    (void)fts3ExprIterate(pCsr->pExpr, fts3ExprLocalMatchinfoCb, (void*)&sInfo);
-    if( pTab->bHasDocsize ){
-      int ofst = 2 + 3*sInfo.aMatchinfo[0]*sInfo.aMatchinfo[1];
-      rc = sqlite3Fts3MatchinfoDocsizeLocal(pCsr, &sInfo.aMatchinfo[ofst]);
-    }
-    pCsr->isMatchinfoNeeded = 0;
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of snippet() function.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Snippet(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* SQLite function call context */
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr,               /* Cursor object */
-  const char *zStart,             /* Snippet start text - "<b>" */
-  const char *zEnd,               /* Snippet end text - "</b>" */
-  const char *zEllipsis,          /* Snippet ellipsis text - "<b>...</b>" */
-  int iCol,                       /* Extract snippet from this column */
-  int nToken                      /* Approximate number of tokens in snippet */
-){
-  Fts3Table *pTab = (Fts3Table *)pCsr->base.pVtab;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int i;
-  StrBuffer res = {0, 0, 0};
-
-  /* The returned text includes up to four fragments of text extracted from
-  ** the data in the current row. The first iteration of the for(...) loop
-  ** below attempts to locate a single fragment of text nToken tokens in 
-  ** size that contains at least one instance of all phrases in the query
-  ** expression that appear in the current row. If such a fragment of text
-  ** cannot be found, the second iteration of the loop attempts to locate
-  ** a pair of fragments, and so on.
-  */
-  int nSnippet = 0;               /* Number of fragments in this snippet */
-  SnippetFragment aSnippet[4];    /* Maximum of 4 fragments per snippet */
-  int nFToken = -1;               /* Number of tokens in each fragment */
-
-  if( !pCsr->pExpr ){
-    sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "", 0, SQLITE_STATIC);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  for(nSnippet=1; 1; nSnippet++){
-
-    int iSnip;                    /* Loop counter 0..nSnippet-1 */
-    u64 mCovered = 0;             /* Bitmask of phrases covered by snippet */
-    u64 mSeen = 0;                /* Bitmask of phrases seen by BestSnippet() */
-
-    if( nToken>=0 ){
-      nFToken = (nToken+nSnippet-1) / nSnippet;
-    }else{
-      nFToken = -1 * nToken;
-    }
-
-    for(iSnip=0; iSnip<nSnippet; iSnip++){
-      int iBestScore = -1;        /* Best score of columns checked so far */
-      int iRead;                  /* Used to iterate through columns */
-      SnippetFragment *pFragment = &aSnippet[iSnip];
-
-      memset(pFragment, 0, sizeof(*pFragment));
-
-      /* Loop through all columns of the table being considered for snippets.
-      ** If the iCol argument to this function was negative, this means all
-      ** columns of the FTS3 table. Otherwise, only column iCol is considered.
-      */
-      for(iRead=0; iRead<pTab->nColumn; iRead++){
-        SnippetFragment sF;
-        int iS;
-        if( iCol>=0 && iRead!=iCol ) continue;
-
-        /* Find the best snippet of nFToken tokens in column iRead. */
-        rc = fts3BestSnippet(nFToken, pCsr, iRead, mCovered, &mSeen, &sF, &iS);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          goto snippet_out;
-        }
-        if( iS>iBestScore ){
-          *pFragment = sF;
-          iBestScore = iS;
-        }
-      }
-
-      mCovered |= pFragment->covered;
-    }
-
-    /* If all query phrases seen by fts3BestSnippet() are present in at least
-    ** one of the nSnippet snippet fragments, break out of the loop.
-    */
-    assert( (mCovered&mSeen)==mCovered );
-    if( mSeen==mCovered || nSnippet==SizeofArray(aSnippet) ) break;
-  }
-
-  assert( nFToken>0 );
-
-  for(i=0; i<nSnippet && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
-    rc = fts3SnippetText(pCsr, &aSnippet[i], 
-        i, (i==nSnippet-1), nFToken, zStart, zEnd, zEllipsis, &res
-    );
-  }
-
- snippet_out:
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_code(pCtx, rc);
-    sqlite3_free(res.z);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, res.z, -1, sqlite3_free);
-  }
-}
-
-
-typedef struct TermOffset TermOffset;
-typedef struct TermOffsetCtx TermOffsetCtx;
-
-struct TermOffset {
-  char *pList;                    /* Position-list */
-  int iPos;                       /* Position just read from pList */
-  int iOff;                       /* Offset of this term from read positions */
-};
-
-struct TermOffsetCtx {
-  int iCol;                       /* Column of table to populate aTerm for */
-  int iTerm;
-  sqlite3_int64 iDocid;
-  TermOffset *aTerm;
-};
-
-/*
-** This function is an fts3ExprIterate() callback used by sqlite3Fts3Offsets().
-*/
-static int fts3ExprTermOffsetInit(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int iPhrase, void *ctx){
-  TermOffsetCtx *p = (TermOffsetCtx *)ctx;
-  int nTerm;                      /* Number of tokens in phrase */
-  int iTerm;                      /* For looping through nTerm phrase terms */
-  char *pList;                    /* Pointer to position list for phrase */
-  int iPos = 0;                   /* First position in position-list */
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(iPhrase);
-  pList = sqlite3Fts3FindPositions(pExpr, p->iDocid, p->iCol);
-  nTerm = pExpr->pPhrase->nToken;
-  if( pList ){
-    fts3GetDeltaPosition(&pList, &iPos);
-    assert( iPos>=0 );
-  }
-
-  for(iTerm=0; iTerm<nTerm; iTerm++){
-    TermOffset *pT = &p->aTerm[p->iTerm++];
-    pT->iOff = nTerm-iTerm-1;
-    pT->pList = pList;
-    pT->iPos = iPos;
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of offsets() function.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Offsets(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* SQLite function call context */
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr                /* Cursor object */
-){
-  Fts3Table *pTab = (Fts3Table *)pCsr->base.pVtab;
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_module const *pMod = pTab->pTokenizer->pModule;
-  const char *ZDUMMY;             /* Dummy argument used with xNext() */
-  int NDUMMY;                     /* Dummy argument used with xNext() */
-  int rc;                         /* Return Code */
-  int nToken;                     /* Number of tokens in query */
-  int iCol;                       /* Column currently being processed */
-  StrBuffer res = {0, 0, 0};      /* Result string */
-  TermOffsetCtx sCtx;             /* Context for fts3ExprTermOffsetInit() */
-
-  if( !pCsr->pExpr ){
-    sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "", 0, SQLITE_STATIC);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  memset(&sCtx, 0, sizeof(sCtx));
-  assert( pCsr->isRequireSeek==0 );
-
-  /* Count the number of terms in the query */
-  rc = fts3ExprLoadDoclists(pCsr, 0, &nToken);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto offsets_out;
-
-  /* Allocate the array of TermOffset iterators. */
-  sCtx.aTerm = (TermOffset *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(TermOffset)*nToken);
-  if( 0==sCtx.aTerm ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    goto offsets_out;
-  }
-  sCtx.iDocid = pCsr->iPrevId;
-
-  /* Loop through the table columns, appending offset information to 
-  ** string-buffer res for each column.
-  */
-  for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nColumn; iCol++){
-    sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pC; /* Tokenizer cursor */
-    int iStart;
-    int iEnd;
-    int iCurrent;
-    const char *zDoc;
-    int nDoc;
-
-    /* Initialize the contents of sCtx.aTerm[] for column iCol. There is 
-    ** no way that this operation can fail, so the return code from
-    ** fts3ExprIterate() can be discarded.
-    */
-    sCtx.iCol = iCol;
-    sCtx.iTerm = 0;
-    (void)fts3ExprIterate(pCsr->pExpr, fts3ExprTermOffsetInit, (void *)&sCtx);
-
-    /* Retreive the text stored in column iCol. If an SQL NULL is stored 
-    ** in column iCol, jump immediately to the next iteration of the loop.
-    ** If an OOM occurs while retrieving the data (this can happen if SQLite
-    ** needs to transform the data from utf-16 to utf-8), return SQLITE_NOMEM 
-    ** to the caller. 
-    */
-    zDoc = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pCsr->pStmt, iCol+1);
-    nDoc = sqlite3_column_bytes(pCsr->pStmt, iCol+1);
-    if( zDoc==0 ){
-      if( sqlite3_column_type(pCsr->pStmt, iCol+1)==SQLITE_NULL ){
-        continue;
-      }
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      goto offsets_out;
-    }
-
-    /* Initialize a tokenizer iterator to iterate through column iCol. */
-    rc = pMod->xOpen(pTab->pTokenizer, zDoc, nDoc, &pC);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto offsets_out;
-    pC->pTokenizer = pTab->pTokenizer;
-
-    rc = pMod->xNext(pC, &ZDUMMY, &NDUMMY, &iStart, &iEnd, &iCurrent);
-    while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int i;                      /* Used to loop through terms */
-      int iMinPos = 0x7FFFFFFF;   /* Position of next token */
-      TermOffset *pTerm = 0;      /* TermOffset associated with next token */
-
-      for(i=0; i<nToken; i++){
-        TermOffset *pT = &sCtx.aTerm[i];
-        if( pT->pList && (pT->iPos-pT->iOff)<iMinPos ){
-          iMinPos = pT->iPos-pT->iOff;
-          pTerm = pT;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if( !pTerm ){
-        /* All offsets for this column have been gathered. */
-        break;
-      }else{
-        assert( iCurrent<=iMinPos );
-        if( 0==(0xFE&*pTerm->pList) ){
-          pTerm->pList = 0;
-        }else{
-          fts3GetDeltaPosition(&pTerm->pList, &pTerm->iPos);
-        }
-        while( rc==SQLITE_OK && iCurrent<iMinPos ){
-          rc = pMod->xNext(pC, &ZDUMMY, &NDUMMY, &iStart, &iEnd, &iCurrent);
-        }
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          char aBuffer[64];
-          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(aBuffer), aBuffer, 
-              "%d %d %d %d ", iCol, pTerm-sCtx.aTerm, iStart, iEnd-iStart
-          );
-          rc = fts3StringAppend(&res, aBuffer, -1);
-        }else if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-          rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-
-    pMod->xClose(pC);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto offsets_out;
-  }
-
- offsets_out:
-  sqlite3_free(sCtx.aTerm);
-  assert( rc!=SQLITE_DONE );
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_code(pCtx,  rc);
-    sqlite3_free(res.z);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, res.z, res.n-1, sqlite3_free);
-  }
-  return;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of matchinfo() function.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Matchinfo(sqlite3_context *pContext, Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
-  int rc;
-  if( !pCsr->pExpr ){
-    sqlite3_result_blob(pContext, "", 0, SQLITE_STATIC);
-    return;
-  }
-  rc = fts3GetMatchinfo(pCsr);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_code(pContext, rc);
-  }else{
-    Fts3Table *pTab = (Fts3Table*)pCsr->base.pVtab;
-    int n = sizeof(u32)*(2+pCsr->aMatchinfo[0]*pCsr->aMatchinfo[1]*3);
-    if( pTab->bHasDocsize ){
-      n += sizeof(u32)*(1 + 2*pTab->nColumn);
-    }
-    sqlite3_result_blob(pContext, pCsr->aMatchinfo, n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  }
-}
-
-#endif
-
-/************** End of fts3_snippet.c ****************************************/
-/************** Begin file rtree.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file contains code for implementations of the r-tree and r*-tree
-** algorithms packaged as an SQLite virtual table module.
-*/
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE)
-
-/*
-** This file contains an implementation of a couple of different variants
-** of the r-tree algorithm. See the README file for further details. The 
-** same data-structure is used for all, but the algorithms for insert and
-** delete operations vary. The variants used are selected at compile time 
-** by defining the following symbols:
-*/
-
-/* Either, both or none of the following may be set to activate 
-** r*tree variant algorithms.
-*/
-#define VARIANT_RSTARTREE_CHOOSESUBTREE 0
-#define VARIANT_RSTARTREE_REINSERT      1
-
-/* 
-** Exactly one of the following must be set to 1.
-*/
-#define VARIANT_GUTTMAN_QUADRATIC_SPLIT 0
-#define VARIANT_GUTTMAN_LINEAR_SPLIT    0
-#define VARIANT_RSTARTREE_SPLIT         1
-
-#define VARIANT_GUTTMAN_SPLIT \
-        (VARIANT_GUTTMAN_LINEAR_SPLIT||VARIANT_GUTTMAN_QUADRATIC_SPLIT)
-
-#if VARIANT_GUTTMAN_QUADRATIC_SPLIT
-  #define PickNext QuadraticPickNext
-  #define PickSeeds QuadraticPickSeeds
-  #define AssignCells splitNodeGuttman
-#endif
-#if VARIANT_GUTTMAN_LINEAR_SPLIT
-  #define PickNext LinearPickNext
-  #define PickSeeds LinearPickSeeds
-  #define AssignCells splitNodeGuttman
-#endif
-#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_SPLIT
-  #define AssignCells splitNodeStartree
-#endif
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
-  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
-#else
-#endif
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
-typedef sqlite3_int64 i64;
-typedef unsigned char u8;
-typedef unsigned int u32;
-#endif
-
-typedef struct Rtree Rtree;
-typedef struct RtreeCursor RtreeCursor;
-typedef struct RtreeNode RtreeNode;
-typedef struct RtreeCell RtreeCell;
-typedef struct RtreeConstraint RtreeConstraint;
-typedef union RtreeCoord RtreeCoord;
-
-/* The rtree may have between 1 and RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS dimensions. */
-#define RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS 5
-
-/* Size of hash table Rtree.aHash. This hash table is not expected to
-** ever contain very many entries, so a fixed number of buckets is 
-** used.
-*/
-#define HASHSIZE 128
-
-/* 
-** An rtree virtual-table object.
-*/
-struct Rtree {
-  sqlite3_vtab base;
-  sqlite3 *db;                /* Host database connection */
-  int iNodeSize;              /* Size in bytes of each node in the node table */
-  int nDim;                   /* Number of dimensions */
-  int nBytesPerCell;          /* Bytes consumed per cell */
-  int iDepth;                 /* Current depth of the r-tree structure */
-  char *zDb;                  /* Name of database containing r-tree table */
-  char *zName;                /* Name of r-tree table */ 
-  RtreeNode *aHash[HASHSIZE]; /* Hash table of in-memory nodes. */ 
-  int nBusy;                  /* Current number of users of this structure */
-
-  /* List of nodes removed during a CondenseTree operation. List is
-  ** linked together via the pointer normally used for hash chains -
-  ** RtreeNode.pNext. RtreeNode.iNode stores the depth of the sub-tree 
-  ** headed by the node (leaf nodes have RtreeNode.iNode==0).
-  */
-  RtreeNode *pDeleted;
-  int iReinsertHeight;        /* Height of sub-trees Reinsert() has run on */
-
-  /* Statements to read/write/delete a record from xxx_node */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pReadNode;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pWriteNode;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pDeleteNode;
-
-  /* Statements to read/write/delete a record from xxx_rowid */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pReadRowid;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pWriteRowid;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pDeleteRowid;
-
-  /* Statements to read/write/delete a record from xxx_parent */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pReadParent;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pWriteParent;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pDeleteParent;
-
-  int eCoordType;
-};
-
-/* Possible values for eCoordType: */
-#define RTREE_COORD_REAL32 0
-#define RTREE_COORD_INT32  1
-
-/*
-** The minimum number of cells allowed for a node is a third of the 
-** maximum. In Gutman's notation:
-**
-**     m = M/3
-**
-** If an R*-tree "Reinsert" operation is required, the same number of
-** cells are removed from the overfull node and reinserted into the tree.
-*/
-#define RTREE_MINCELLS(p) ((((p)->iNodeSize-4)/(p)->nBytesPerCell)/3)
-#define RTREE_REINSERT(p) RTREE_MINCELLS(p)
-#define RTREE_MAXCELLS 51
-
-/* 
-** An rtree cursor object.
-*/
-struct RtreeCursor {
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;
-  RtreeNode *pNode;                 /* Node cursor is currently pointing at */
-  int iCell;                        /* Index of current cell in pNode */
-  int iStrategy;                    /* Copy of idxNum search parameter */
-  int nConstraint;                  /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
-  RtreeConstraint *aConstraint;     /* Search constraints. */
-};
-
-union RtreeCoord {
-  float f;
-  int i;
-};
-
-/*
-** The argument is an RtreeCoord. Return the value stored within the RtreeCoord
-** formatted as a double. This macro assumes that local variable pRtree points
-** to the Rtree structure associated with the RtreeCoord.
-*/
-#define DCOORD(coord) (                           \
-  (pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_REAL32) ?      \
-    ((double)coord.f) :                           \
-    ((double)coord.i)                             \
-)
-
-/*
-** A search constraint.
-*/
-struct RtreeConstraint {
-  int iCoord;                       /* Index of constrained coordinate */
-  int op;                           /* Constraining operation */
-  double rValue;                    /* Constraint value. */
-};
-
-/* Possible values for RtreeConstraint.op */
-#define RTREE_EQ 0x41
-#define RTREE_LE 0x42
-#define RTREE_LT 0x43
-#define RTREE_GE 0x44
-#define RTREE_GT 0x45
-
-/* 
-** An rtree structure node.
-**
-** Data format (RtreeNode.zData):
-**
-**   1. If the node is the root node (node 1), then the first 2 bytes
-**      of the node contain the tree depth as a big-endian integer.
-**      For non-root nodes, the first 2 bytes are left unused.
-**
-**   2. The next 2 bytes contain the number of entries currently 
-**      stored in the node.
-**
-**   3. The remainder of the node contains the node entries. Each entry
-**      consists of a single 8-byte integer followed by an even number
-**      of 4-byte coordinates. For leaf nodes the integer is the rowid
-**      of a record. For internal nodes it is the node number of a
-**      child page.
-*/
-struct RtreeNode {
-  RtreeNode *pParent;               /* Parent node */
-  i64 iNode;
-  int nRef;
-  int isDirty;
-  u8 *zData;
-  RtreeNode *pNext;                 /* Next node in this hash chain */
-};
-#define NCELL(pNode) readInt16(&(pNode)->zData[2])
-
-/* 
-** Structure to store a deserialized rtree record.
-*/
-struct RtreeCell {
-  i64 iRowid;
-  RtreeCoord aCoord[RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS*2];
-};
-
-#ifndef MAX
-# define MAX(x,y) ((x) < (y) ? (y) : (x))
-#endif
-#ifndef MIN
-# define MIN(x,y) ((x) > (y) ? (y) : (x))
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Functions to deserialize a 16 bit integer, 32 bit real number and
-** 64 bit integer. The deserialized value is returned.
-*/
-static int readInt16(u8 *p){
-  return (p[0]<<8) + p[1];
-}
-static void readCoord(u8 *p, RtreeCoord *pCoord){
-  u32 i = (
-    (((u32)p[0]) << 24) + 
-    (((u32)p[1]) << 16) + 
-    (((u32)p[2]) <<  8) + 
-    (((u32)p[3]) <<  0)
-  );
-  *(u32 *)pCoord = i;
-}
-static i64 readInt64(u8 *p){
-  return (
-    (((i64)p[0]) << 56) + 
-    (((i64)p[1]) << 48) + 
-    (((i64)p[2]) << 40) + 
-    (((i64)p[3]) << 32) + 
-    (((i64)p[4]) << 24) + 
-    (((i64)p[5]) << 16) + 
-    (((i64)p[6]) <<  8) + 
-    (((i64)p[7]) <<  0)
-  );
-}
-
-/*
-** Functions to serialize a 16 bit integer, 32 bit real number and
-** 64 bit integer. The value returned is the number of bytes written
-** to the argument buffer (always 2, 4 and 8 respectively).
-*/
-static int writeInt16(u8 *p, int i){
-  p[0] = (i>> 8)&0xFF;
-  p[1] = (i>> 0)&0xFF;
-  return 2;
-}
-static int writeCoord(u8 *p, RtreeCoord *pCoord){
-  u32 i;
-  assert( sizeof(RtreeCoord)==4 );
-  assert( sizeof(u32)==4 );
-  i = *(u32 *)pCoord;
-  p[0] = (i>>24)&0xFF;
-  p[1] = (i>>16)&0xFF;
-  p[2] = (i>> 8)&0xFF;
-  p[3] = (i>> 0)&0xFF;
-  return 4;
-}
-static int writeInt64(u8 *p, i64 i){
-  p[0] = (i>>56)&0xFF;
-  p[1] = (i>>48)&0xFF;
-  p[2] = (i>>40)&0xFF;
-  p[3] = (i>>32)&0xFF;
-  p[4] = (i>>24)&0xFF;
-  p[5] = (i>>16)&0xFF;
-  p[6] = (i>> 8)&0xFF;
-  p[7] = (i>> 0)&0xFF;
-  return 8;
-}
-
-/*
-** Increment the reference count of node p.
-*/
-static void nodeReference(RtreeNode *p){
-  if( p ){
-    p->nRef++;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Clear the content of node p (set all bytes to 0x00).
-*/
-static void nodeZero(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *p){
-  if( p ){
-    memset(&p->zData[2], 0, pRtree->iNodeSize-2);
-    p->isDirty = 1;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Given a node number iNode, return the corresponding key to use
-** in the Rtree.aHash table.
-*/
-static int nodeHash(i64 iNode){
-  return (
-    (iNode>>56) ^ (iNode>>48) ^ (iNode>>40) ^ (iNode>>32) ^ 
-    (iNode>>24) ^ (iNode>>16) ^ (iNode>> 8) ^ (iNode>> 0)
-  ) % HASHSIZE;
-}
-
-/*
-** Search the node hash table for node iNode. If found, return a pointer
-** to it. Otherwise, return 0.
-*/
-static RtreeNode *nodeHashLookup(Rtree *pRtree, i64 iNode){
-  RtreeNode *p;
-  assert( iNode!=0 );
-  for(p=pRtree->aHash[nodeHash(iNode)]; p && p->iNode!=iNode; p=p->pNext);
-  return p;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add node pNode to the node hash table.
-*/
-static void nodeHashInsert(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
-  if( pNode ){
-    int iHash;
-    assert( pNode->pNext==0 );
-    iHash = nodeHash(pNode->iNode);
-    pNode->pNext = pRtree->aHash[iHash];
-    pRtree->aHash[iHash] = pNode;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Remove node pNode from the node hash table.
-*/
-static void nodeHashDelete(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
-  RtreeNode **pp;
-  if( pNode->iNode!=0 ){
-    pp = &pRtree->aHash[nodeHash(pNode->iNode)];
-    for( ; (*pp)!=pNode; pp = &(*pp)->pNext){ assert(*pp); }
-    *pp = pNode->pNext;
-    pNode->pNext = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate and return new r-tree node. Initially, (RtreeNode.iNode==0),
-** indicating that node has not yet been assigned a node number. It is
-** assigned a node number when nodeWrite() is called to write the
-** node contents out to the database.
-*/
-static RtreeNode *nodeNew(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pParent, int zero){
-  RtreeNode *pNode;
-  pNode = (RtreeNode *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeNode) + pRtree->iNodeSize);
-  if( pNode ){
-    memset(pNode, 0, sizeof(RtreeNode) + (zero?pRtree->iNodeSize:0));
-    pNode->zData = (u8 *)&pNode[1];
-    pNode->nRef = 1;
-    pNode->pParent = pParent;
-    pNode->isDirty = 1;
-    nodeReference(pParent);
-  }
-  return pNode;
-}
-
-/*
-** Obtain a reference to an r-tree node.
-*/
-static int
-nodeAcquire(
-  Rtree *pRtree,             /* R-tree structure */
-  i64 iNode,                 /* Node number to load */
-  RtreeNode *pParent,        /* Either the parent node or NULL */
-  RtreeNode **ppNode         /* OUT: Acquired node */
-){
-  int rc;
-  RtreeNode *pNode;
-
-  /* Check if the requested node is already in the hash table. If so,
-  ** increase its reference count and return it.
-  */
-  if( (pNode = nodeHashLookup(pRtree, iNode)) ){
-    assert( !pParent || !pNode->pParent || pNode->pParent==pParent );
-    if( pParent && !pNode->pParent ){
-      nodeReference(pParent);
-      pNode->pParent = pParent;
-    }
-    pNode->nRef++;
-    *ppNode = pNode;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  pNode = (RtreeNode *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeNode) + pRtree->iNodeSize);
-  if( !pNode ){
-    *ppNode = 0;
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  pNode->pParent = pParent;
-  pNode->zData = (u8 *)&pNode[1];
-  pNode->nRef = 1;
-  pNode->iNode = iNode;
-  pNode->isDirty = 0;
-  pNode->pNext = 0;
-
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pReadNode, 1, iNode);
-  rc = sqlite3_step(pRtree->pReadNode);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
-    const u8 *zBlob = sqlite3_column_blob(pRtree->pReadNode, 0);
-    assert( sqlite3_column_bytes(pRtree->pReadNode, 0)==pRtree->iNodeSize );
-    memcpy(pNode->zData, zBlob, pRtree->iNodeSize);
-    nodeReference(pParent);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_free(pNode);
-    pNode = 0;
-  }
-
-  *ppNode = pNode;
-  rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadNode);
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iNode==1 ){
-    pRtree->iDepth = readInt16(pNode->zData);
-  }
-
-  assert( (rc==SQLITE_OK && pNode) || (pNode==0 && rc!=SQLITE_OK) );
-  nodeHashInsert(pRtree, pNode);
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Overwrite cell iCell of node pNode with the contents of pCell.
-*/
-static void nodeOverwriteCell(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeNode *pNode,  
-  RtreeCell *pCell, 
-  int iCell
-){
-  int ii;
-  u8 *p = &pNode->zData[4 + pRtree->nBytesPerCell*iCell];
-  p += writeInt64(p, pCell->iRowid);
-  for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii++){
-    p += writeCoord(p, &pCell->aCoord[ii]);
-  }
-  pNode->isDirty = 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Remove cell the cell with index iCell from node pNode.
-*/
-static void nodeDeleteCell(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, int iCell){
-  u8 *pDst = &pNode->zData[4 + pRtree->nBytesPerCell*iCell];
-  u8 *pSrc = &pDst[pRtree->nBytesPerCell];
-  int nByte = (NCELL(pNode) - iCell - 1) * pRtree->nBytesPerCell;
-  memmove(pDst, pSrc, nByte);
-  writeInt16(&pNode->zData[2], NCELL(pNode)-1);
-  pNode->isDirty = 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Insert the contents of cell pCell into node pNode. If the insert
-** is successful, return SQLITE_OK.
-**
-** If there is not enough free space in pNode, return SQLITE_FULL.
-*/
-static int
-nodeInsertCell(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeNode *pNode, 
-  RtreeCell *pCell 
-){
-  int nCell;                    /* Current number of cells in pNode */
-  int nMaxCell;                 /* Maximum number of cells for pNode */
-
-  nMaxCell = (pRtree->iNodeSize-4)/pRtree->nBytesPerCell;
-  nCell = NCELL(pNode);
-
-  assert(nCell<=nMaxCell);
-
-  if( nCell<nMaxCell ){
-    nodeOverwriteCell(pRtree, pNode, pCell, nCell);
-    writeInt16(&pNode->zData[2], nCell+1);
-    pNode->isDirty = 1;
-  }
-
-  return (nCell==nMaxCell);
-}
-
-/*
-** If the node is dirty, write it out to the database.
-*/
-static int
-nodeWrite(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( pNode->isDirty ){
-    sqlite3_stmt *p = pRtree->pWriteNode;
-    if( pNode->iNode ){
-      sqlite3_bind_int64(p, 1, pNode->iNode);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3_bind_null(p, 1);
-    }
-    sqlite3_bind_blob(p, 2, pNode->zData, pRtree->iNodeSize, SQLITE_STATIC);
-    sqlite3_step(p);
-    pNode->isDirty = 0;
-    rc = sqlite3_reset(p);
-    if( pNode->iNode==0 && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pNode->iNode = sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(pRtree->db);
-      nodeHashInsert(pRtree, pNode);
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Release a reference to a node. If the node is dirty and the reference
-** count drops to zero, the node data is written to the database.
-*/
-static int
-nodeRelease(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( pNode ){
-    assert( pNode->nRef>0 );
-    pNode->nRef--;
-    if( pNode->nRef==0 ){
-      if( pNode->iNode==1 ){
-        pRtree->iDepth = -1;
-      }
-      if( pNode->pParent ){
-        rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pNode->pParent);
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = nodeWrite(pRtree, pNode);
-      }
-      nodeHashDelete(pRtree, pNode);
-      sqlite3_free(pNode);
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the 64-bit integer value associated with cell iCell of
-** node pNode. If pNode is a leaf node, this is a rowid. If it is
-** an internal node, then the 64-bit integer is a child page number.
-*/
-static i64 nodeGetRowid(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeNode *pNode, 
-  int iCell
-){
-  assert( iCell<NCELL(pNode) );
-  return readInt64(&pNode->zData[4 + pRtree->nBytesPerCell*iCell]);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return coordinate iCoord from cell iCell in node pNode.
-*/
-static void nodeGetCoord(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeNode *pNode, 
-  int iCell,
-  int iCoord,
-  RtreeCoord *pCoord           /* Space to write result to */
-){
-  readCoord(&pNode->zData[12 + pRtree->nBytesPerCell*iCell + 4*iCoord], pCoord);
-}
-
-/*
-** Deserialize cell iCell of node pNode. Populate the structure pointed
-** to by pCell with the results.
-*/
-static void nodeGetCell(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeNode *pNode, 
-  int iCell,
-  RtreeCell *pCell
-){
-  int ii;
-  pCell->iRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pNode, iCell);
-  for(ii=0; ii<pRtree->nDim*2; ii++){
-    nodeGetCoord(pRtree, pNode, iCell, ii, &pCell->aCoord[ii]);
-  }
-}
-
-
-/* Forward declaration for the function that does the work of
-** the virtual table module xCreate() and xConnect() methods.
-*/
-static int rtreeInit(
-  sqlite3 *, void *, int, const char *const*, sqlite3_vtab **, char **, int
-);
-
-/* 
-** Rtree virtual table module xCreate method.
-*/
-static int rtreeCreate(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  void *pAux,
-  int argc, const char *const*argv,
-  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
-  char **pzErr
-){
-  return rtreeInit(db, pAux, argc, argv, ppVtab, pzErr, 1);
-}
-
-/* 
-** Rtree virtual table module xConnect method.
-*/
-static int rtreeConnect(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  void *pAux,
-  int argc, const char *const*argv,
-  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
-  char **pzErr
-){
-  return rtreeInit(db, pAux, argc, argv, ppVtab, pzErr, 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Increment the r-tree reference count.
-*/
-static void rtreeReference(Rtree *pRtree){
-  pRtree->nBusy++;
-}
-
-/*
-** Decrement the r-tree reference count. When the reference count reaches
-** zero the structure is deleted.
-*/
-static void rtreeRelease(Rtree *pRtree){
-  pRtree->nBusy--;
-  if( pRtree->nBusy==0 ){
-    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pReadNode);
-    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pWriteNode);
-    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pDeleteNode);
-    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pReadRowid);
-    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pWriteRowid);
-    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pDeleteRowid);
-    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pReadParent);
-    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pWriteParent);
-    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pDeleteParent);
-    sqlite3_free(pRtree);
-  }
-}
-
-/* 
-** Rtree virtual table module xDisconnect method.
-*/
-static int rtreeDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
-  rtreeRelease((Rtree *)pVtab);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Rtree virtual table module xDestroy method.
-*/
-static int rtreeDestroy(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
-  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtab;
-  int rc;
-  char *zCreate = sqlite3_mprintf(
-    "DROP TABLE '%q'.'%q_node';"
-    "DROP TABLE '%q'.'%q_rowid';"
-    "DROP TABLE '%q'.'%q_parent';",
-    pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, 
-    pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName,
-    pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName
-  );
-  if( !zCreate ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3_exec(pRtree->db, zCreate, 0, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_free(zCreate);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rtreeRelease(pRtree);
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Rtree virtual table module xOpen method.
-*/
-static int rtreeOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
-  int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  RtreeCursor *pCsr;
-
-  pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeCursor));
-  if( pCsr ){
-    memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(RtreeCursor));
-    pCsr->base.pVtab = pVTab;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  *ppCursor = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor *)pCsr;
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Rtree virtual table module xClose method.
-*/
-static int rtreeClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
-  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)(cur->pVtab);
-  int rc;
-  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)cur;
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aConstraint);
-  rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pCsr->pNode);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Rtree virtual table module xEof method.
-**
-** Return non-zero if the cursor does not currently point to a valid 
-** record (i.e if the scan has finished), or zero otherwise.
-*/
-static int rtreeEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
-  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)cur;
-  return (pCsr->pNode==0);
-}
-
-/* 
-** Cursor pCursor currently points to a cell in a non-leaf page.
-** Return true if the sub-tree headed by the cell is filtered
-** (excluded) by the constraints in the pCursor->aConstraint[] 
-** array, or false otherwise.
-*/
-static int testRtreeCell(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCursor *pCursor){
-  RtreeCell cell;
-  int ii;
-  int bRes = 0;
-
-  nodeGetCell(pRtree, pCursor->pNode, pCursor->iCell, &cell);
-  for(ii=0; bRes==0 && ii<pCursor->nConstraint; ii++){
-    RtreeConstraint *p = &pCursor->aConstraint[ii];
-    double cell_min = DCOORD(cell.aCoord[(p->iCoord>>1)*2]);
-    double cell_max = DCOORD(cell.aCoord[(p->iCoord>>1)*2+1]);
-
-    assert(p->op==RTREE_LE || p->op==RTREE_LT || p->op==RTREE_GE 
-        || p->op==RTREE_GT || p->op==RTREE_EQ
-    );
-
-    switch( p->op ){
-      case RTREE_LE: case RTREE_LT: bRes = p->rValue<cell_min; break;
-      case RTREE_GE: case RTREE_GT: bRes = p->rValue>cell_max; break;
-      case RTREE_EQ: 
-        bRes = (p->rValue>cell_max || p->rValue<cell_min);
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return bRes;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Return true if the cell that cursor pCursor currently points to
-** would be filtered (excluded) by the constraints in the 
-** pCursor->aConstraint[] array, or false otherwise.
-**
-** This function assumes that the cell is part of a leaf node.
-*/
-static int testRtreeEntry(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCursor *pCursor){
-  RtreeCell cell;
-  int ii;
-
-  nodeGetCell(pRtree, pCursor->pNode, pCursor->iCell, &cell);
-  for(ii=0; ii<pCursor->nConstraint; ii++){
-    RtreeConstraint *p = &pCursor->aConstraint[ii];
-    double coord = DCOORD(cell.aCoord[p->iCoord]);
-    int res;
-    assert(p->op==RTREE_LE || p->op==RTREE_LT || p->op==RTREE_GE 
-        || p->op==RTREE_GT || p->op==RTREE_EQ
-    );
-    switch( p->op ){
-      case RTREE_LE: res = (coord<=p->rValue); break;
-      case RTREE_LT: res = (coord<p->rValue);  break;
-      case RTREE_GE: res = (coord>=p->rValue); break;
-      case RTREE_GT: res = (coord>p->rValue);  break;
-      case RTREE_EQ: res = (coord==p->rValue); break;
-    }
-
-    if( !res ) return 1;
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Cursor pCursor currently points at a node that heads a sub-tree of
-** height iHeight (if iHeight==0, then the node is a leaf). Descend
-** to point to the left-most cell of the sub-tree that matches the 
-** configured constraints.
-*/
-static int descendToCell(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeCursor *pCursor, 
-  int iHeight,
-  int *pEof                 /* OUT: Set to true if cannot descend */
-){
-  int isEof;
-  int rc;
-  int ii;
-  RtreeNode *pChild;
-  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;
-
-  RtreeNode *pSavedNode = pCursor->pNode;
-  int iSavedCell = pCursor->iCell;
-
-  assert( iHeight>=0 );
-
-  if( iHeight==0 ){
-    isEof = testRtreeEntry(pRtree, pCursor);
-  }else{
-    isEof = testRtreeCell(pRtree, pCursor);
-  }
-  if( isEof || iHeight==0 ){
-    *pEof = isEof;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-
-  iRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pCursor->pNode, pCursor->iCell);
-  rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iRowid, pCursor->pNode, &pChild);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  nodeRelease(pRtree, pCursor->pNode);
-  pCursor->pNode = pChild;
-  isEof = 1;
-  for(ii=0; isEof && ii<NCELL(pChild); ii++){
-    pCursor->iCell = ii;
-    rc = descendToCell(pRtree, pCursor, iHeight-1, &isEof);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( isEof ){
-    assert( pCursor->pNode==pChild );
-    nodeReference(pSavedNode);
-    nodeRelease(pRtree, pChild);
-    pCursor->pNode = pSavedNode;
-    pCursor->iCell = iSavedCell;
-  }
-
-  *pEof = isEof;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** One of the cells in node pNode is guaranteed to have a 64-bit 
-** integer value equal to iRowid. Return the index of this cell.
-*/
-static int nodeRowidIndex(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, i64 iRowid){
-  int ii;
-  for(ii=0; nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pNode, ii)!=iRowid; ii++){
-    assert( ii<(NCELL(pNode)-1) );
-  }
-  return ii;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the index of the cell containing a pointer to node pNode
-** in its parent. If pNode is the root node, return -1.
-*/
-static int nodeParentIndex(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
-  RtreeNode *pParent = pNode->pParent;
-  if( pParent ){
-    return nodeRowidIndex(pRtree, pParent, pNode->iNode);
-  }
-  return -1;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Rtree virtual table module xNext method.
-*/
-static int rtreeNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor){
-  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)(pVtabCursor->pVtab);
-  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)pVtabCursor;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  if( pCsr->iStrategy==1 ){
-    /* This "scan" is a direct lookup by rowid. There is no next entry. */
-    nodeRelease(pRtree, pCsr->pNode);
-    pCsr->pNode = 0;
-  }
-
-  else if( pCsr->pNode ){
-    /* Move to the next entry that matches the configured constraints. */
-    int iHeight = 0;
-    while( pCsr->pNode ){
-      RtreeNode *pNode = pCsr->pNode;
-      int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
-      for(pCsr->iCell++; pCsr->iCell<nCell; pCsr->iCell++){
-        int isEof;
-        rc = descendToCell(pRtree, pCsr, iHeight, &isEof);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || !isEof ){
-          return rc;
-        }
-      }
-      pCsr->pNode = pNode->pParent;
-      pCsr->iCell = nodeParentIndex(pRtree, pNode);
-      nodeReference(pCsr->pNode);
-      nodeRelease(pRtree, pNode);
-      iHeight++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Rtree virtual table module xRowid method.
-*/
-static int rtreeRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
-  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtabCursor->pVtab;
-  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)pVtabCursor;
-
-  assert(pCsr->pNode);
-  *pRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pCsr->pNode, pCsr->iCell);
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Rtree virtual table module xColumn method.
-*/
-static int rtreeColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
-  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)cur->pVtab;
-  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)cur;
-
-  if( i==0 ){
-    i64 iRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pCsr->pNode, pCsr->iCell);
-    sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, iRowid);
-  }else{
-    RtreeCoord c;
-    nodeGetCoord(pRtree, pCsr->pNode, pCsr->iCell, i-1, &c);
-    if( pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_REAL32 ){
-      sqlite3_result_double(ctx, c.f);
-    }else{
-      assert( pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_INT32 );
-      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, c.i);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/* 
-** Use nodeAcquire() to obtain the leaf node containing the record with 
-** rowid iRowid. If successful, set *ppLeaf to point to the node and
-** return SQLITE_OK. If there is no such record in the table, set
-** *ppLeaf to 0 and return SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set *ppLeaf
-** to zero and return an SQLite error code.
-*/
-static int findLeafNode(Rtree *pRtree, i64 iRowid, RtreeNode **ppLeaf){
-  int rc;
-  *ppLeaf = 0;
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pReadRowid, 1, iRowid);
-  if( sqlite3_step(pRtree->pReadRowid)==SQLITE_ROW ){
-    i64 iNode = sqlite3_column_int64(pRtree->pReadRowid, 0);
-    rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iNode, 0, ppLeaf);
-    sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadRowid);
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadRowid);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/* 
-** Rtree virtual table module xFilter method.
-*/
-static int rtreeFilter(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
-  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
-  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtabCursor->pVtab;
-  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)pVtabCursor;
-
-  RtreeNode *pRoot = 0;
-  int ii;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  rtreeReference(pRtree);
-
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aConstraint);
-  pCsr->aConstraint = 0;
-  pCsr->iStrategy = idxNum;
-
-  if( idxNum==1 ){
-    /* Special case - lookup by rowid. */
-    RtreeNode *pLeaf;        /* Leaf on which the required cell resides */
-    i64 iRowid = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]);
-    rc = findLeafNode(pRtree, iRowid, &pLeaf);
-    pCsr->pNode = pLeaf; 
-    if( pLeaf && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pCsr->iCell = nodeRowidIndex(pRtree, pLeaf, iRowid);
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* Normal case - r-tree scan. Set up the RtreeCursor.aConstraint array 
-    ** with the configured constraints. 
-    */
-    if( argc>0 ){
-      pCsr->aConstraint = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeConstraint)*argc);
-      pCsr->nConstraint = argc;
-      if( !pCsr->aConstraint ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }else{
-        assert( (idxStr==0 && argc==0) || strlen(idxStr)==argc*2 );
-        for(ii=0; ii<argc; ii++){
-          RtreeConstraint *p = &pCsr->aConstraint[ii];
-          p->op = idxStr[ii*2];
-          p->iCoord = idxStr[ii*2+1]-'a';
-          p->rValue = sqlite3_value_double(argv[ii]);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pCsr->pNode = 0;
-      rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, 1, 0, &pRoot);
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int isEof = 1;
-      int nCell = NCELL(pRoot);
-      pCsr->pNode = pRoot;
-      for(pCsr->iCell=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && pCsr->iCell<nCell; pCsr->iCell++){
-        assert( pCsr->pNode==pRoot );
-        rc = descendToCell(pRtree, pCsr, pRtree->iDepth, &isEof);
-        if( !isEof ){
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && isEof ){
-        assert( pCsr->pNode==pRoot );
-        nodeRelease(pRtree, pRoot);
-        pCsr->pNode = 0;
-      }
-      assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || !pCsr->pNode || pCsr->iCell<NCELL(pCsr->pNode) );
-    }
-  }
-
-  rtreeRelease(pRtree);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Rtree virtual table module xBestIndex method. There are three
-** table scan strategies to choose from (in order from most to 
-** least desirable):
-**
-**   idxNum     idxStr        Strategy
-**   ------------------------------------------------
-**     1        Unused        Direct lookup by rowid.
-**     2        See below     R-tree query.
-**     3        Unused        Full table scan.
-**   ------------------------------------------------
-**
-** If strategy 1 or 3 is used, then idxStr is not meaningful. If strategy
-** 2 is used, idxStr is formatted to contain 2 bytes for each 
-** constraint used. The first two bytes of idxStr correspond to 
-** the constraint in sqlite3_index_info.aConstraintUsage[] with
-** (argvIndex==1) etc.
-**
-** The first of each pair of bytes in idxStr identifies the constraint
-** operator as follows:
-**
-**   Operator    Byte Value
-**   ----------------------
-**      =        0x41 ('A')
-**     <=        0x42 ('B')
-**      <        0x43 ('C')
-**     >=        0x44 ('D')
-**      >        0x45 ('E')
-**   ----------------------
-**
-** The second of each pair of bytes identifies the coordinate column
-** to which the constraint applies. The leftmost coordinate column
-** is 'a', the second from the left 'b' etc.
-*/
-static int rtreeBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int ii, cCol;
-
-  int iIdx = 0;
-  char zIdxStr[RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS*8+1];
-  memset(zIdxStr, 0, sizeof(zIdxStr));
-
-  assert( pIdxInfo->idxStr==0 );
-  for(ii=0; ii<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; ii++){
-    struct sqlite3_index_constraint *p = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[ii];
-
-    if( p->usable && p->iColumn==0 && p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
-      /* We have an equality constraint on the rowid. Use strategy 1. */
-      int jj;
-      for(jj=0; jj<ii; jj++){
-        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jj].argvIndex = 0;
-        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jj].omit = 0;
-      }
-      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;
-      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[ii].argvIndex = 1;
-      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jj].omit = 1;
-
-      /* This strategy involves a two rowid lookups on an B-Tree structures
-      ** and then a linear search of an R-Tree node. This should be 
-      ** considered almost as quick as a direct rowid lookup (for which 
-      ** sqlite uses an internal cost of 0.0).
-      */ 
-      pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 10.0;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
-    }
-
-    if( p->usable && p->iColumn>0 ){
-      u8 op = 0;
-      switch( p->op ){
-        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ: op = RTREE_EQ; break;
-        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT: op = RTREE_GT; break;
-        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE: op = RTREE_LE; break;
-        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT: op = RTREE_LT; break;
-        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE: op = RTREE_GE; break;
-      }
-      if( op ){
-        /* Make sure this particular constraint has not been used before.
-        ** If it has been used before, ignore it.
-        **
-        ** A <= or < can be used if there is a prior >= or >.
-        ** A >= or > can be used if there is a prior < or <=.
-        ** A <= or < is disqualified if there is a prior <=, <, or ==.
-        ** A >= or > is disqualified if there is a prior >=, >, or ==.
-        ** A == is disqualifed if there is any prior constraint.
-        */
-        int j, opmsk;
-        static const unsigned char compatible[] = { 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2 };
-        assert( compatible[RTREE_EQ & 7]==0 );
-        assert( compatible[RTREE_LT & 7]==1 );
-        assert( compatible[RTREE_LE & 7]==1 );
-        assert( compatible[RTREE_GT & 7]==2 );
-        assert( compatible[RTREE_GE & 7]==2 );
-        cCol = p->iColumn - 1 + 'a';
-        opmsk = compatible[op & 7];
-        for(j=0; j<iIdx; j+=2){
-          if( zIdxStr[j+1]==cCol && (compatible[zIdxStr[j] & 7] & opmsk)!=0 ){
-            op = 0;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if( op ){
-        assert( iIdx<sizeof(zIdxStr)-1 );
-        zIdxStr[iIdx++] = op;
-        zIdxStr[iIdx++] = cCol;
-        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[ii].argvIndex = (iIdx/2);
-        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[ii].omit = 1;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  pIdxInfo->idxNum = 2;
-  pIdxInfo->needToFreeIdxStr = 1;
-  if( iIdx>0 && 0==(pIdxInfo->idxStr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zIdxStr)) ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  assert( iIdx>=0 );
-  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (2000000.0 / (double)(iIdx + 1));
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the N-dimensional volumn of the cell stored in *p.
-*/
-static float cellArea(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p){
-  float area = 1.0;
-  int ii;
-  for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
-    area = area * (DCOORD(p->aCoord[ii+1]) - DCOORD(p->aCoord[ii]));
-  }
-  return area;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the margin length of cell p. The margin length is the sum
-** of the objects size in each dimension.
-*/
-static float cellMargin(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p){
-  float margin = 0.0;
-  int ii;
-  for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
-    margin += (DCOORD(p->aCoord[ii+1]) - DCOORD(p->aCoord[ii]));
-  }
-  return margin;
-}
-
-/*
-** Store the union of cells p1 and p2 in p1.
-*/
-static void cellUnion(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p1, RtreeCell *p2){
-  int ii;
-  if( pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_REAL32 ){
-    for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
-      p1->aCoord[ii].f = MIN(p1->aCoord[ii].f, p2->aCoord[ii].f);
-      p1->aCoord[ii+1].f = MAX(p1->aCoord[ii+1].f, p2->aCoord[ii+1].f);
-    }
-  }else{
-    for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
-      p1->aCoord[ii].i = MIN(p1->aCoord[ii].i, p2->aCoord[ii].i);
-      p1->aCoord[ii+1].i = MAX(p1->aCoord[ii+1].i, p2->aCoord[ii+1].i);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return true if the area covered by p2 is a subset of the area covered
-** by p1. False otherwise.
-*/
-static int cellContains(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p1, RtreeCell *p2){
-  int ii;
-  int isInt = (pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_INT32);
-  for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
-    RtreeCoord *a1 = &p1->aCoord[ii];
-    RtreeCoord *a2 = &p2->aCoord[ii];
-    if( (!isInt && (a2[0].f<a1[0].f || a2[1].f>a1[1].f)) 
-     || ( isInt && (a2[0].i<a1[0].i || a2[1].i>a1[1].i)) 
-    ){
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the amount cell p would grow by if it were unioned with pCell.
-*/
-static float cellGrowth(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p, RtreeCell *pCell){
-  float area;
-  RtreeCell cell;
-  memcpy(&cell, p, sizeof(RtreeCell));
-  area = cellArea(pRtree, &cell);
-  cellUnion(pRtree, &cell, pCell);
-  return (cellArea(pRtree, &cell)-area);
-}
-
-#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_CHOOSESUBTREE || VARIANT_RSTARTREE_SPLIT
-static float cellOverlap(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeCell *p, 
-  RtreeCell *aCell, 
-  int nCell, 
-  int iExclude
-){
-  int ii;
-  float overlap = 0.0;
-  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
-    if( ii!=iExclude ){
-      int jj;
-      float o = 1.0;
-      for(jj=0; jj<(pRtree->nDim*2); jj+=2){
-        double x1;
-        double x2;
-
-        x1 = MAX(DCOORD(p->aCoord[jj]), DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[jj]));
-        x2 = MIN(DCOORD(p->aCoord[jj+1]), DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[jj+1]));
-
-        if( x2<x1 ){
-          o = 0.0;
-          break;
-        }else{
-          o = o * (x2-x1);
-        }
-      }
-      overlap += o;
-    }
-  }
-  return overlap;
-}
-#endif
-
-#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_CHOOSESUBTREE
-static float cellOverlapEnlargement(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeCell *p, 
-  RtreeCell *pInsert, 
-  RtreeCell *aCell, 
-  int nCell, 
-  int iExclude
-){
-  float before;
-  float after;
-  before = cellOverlap(pRtree, p, aCell, nCell, iExclude);
-  cellUnion(pRtree, p, pInsert);
-  after = cellOverlap(pRtree, p, aCell, nCell, iExclude);
-  return after-before;
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** This function implements the ChooseLeaf algorithm from Gutman[84].
-** ChooseSubTree in r*tree terminology.
-*/
-static int ChooseLeaf(
-  Rtree *pRtree,               /* Rtree table */
-  RtreeCell *pCell,            /* Cell to insert into rtree */
-  int iHeight,                 /* Height of sub-tree rooted at pCell */
-  RtreeNode **ppLeaf           /* OUT: Selected leaf page */
-){
-  int rc;
-  int ii;
-  RtreeNode *pNode;
-  rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, 1, 0, &pNode);
-
-  for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<(pRtree->iDepth-iHeight); ii++){
-    int iCell;
-    sqlite3_int64 iBest;
-
-    float fMinGrowth;
-    float fMinArea;
-    float fMinOverlap;
-
-    int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
-    RtreeCell cell;
-    RtreeNode *pChild;
-
-    RtreeCell *aCell = 0;
-
-#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_CHOOSESUBTREE
-    if( ii==(pRtree->iDepth-1) ){
-      int jj;
-      aCell = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeCell)*nCell);
-      if( !aCell ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        nodeRelease(pRtree, pNode);
-        pNode = 0;
-        continue;
-      }
-      for(jj=0; jj<nCell; jj++){
-        nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, jj, &aCell[jj]);
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* Select the child node which will be enlarged the least if pCell
-    ** is inserted into it. Resolve ties by choosing the entry with
-    ** the smallest area.
-    */
-    for(iCell=0; iCell<nCell; iCell++){
-      float growth;
-      float area;
-      float overlap = 0.0;
-      nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, iCell, &cell);
-      growth = cellGrowth(pRtree, &cell, pCell);
-      area = cellArea(pRtree, &cell);
-#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_CHOOSESUBTREE
-      if( ii==(pRtree->iDepth-1) ){
-        overlap = cellOverlapEnlargement(pRtree,&cell,pCell,aCell,nCell,iCell);
-      }
-#endif
-      if( (iCell==0) 
-       || (overlap<fMinOverlap) 
-       || (overlap==fMinOverlap && growth<fMinGrowth)
-       || (overlap==fMinOverlap && growth==fMinGrowth && area<fMinArea)
-      ){
-        fMinOverlap = overlap;
-        fMinGrowth = growth;
-        fMinArea = area;
-        iBest = cell.iRowid;
-      }
-    }
-
-    sqlite3_free(aCell);
-    rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iBest, pNode, &pChild);
-    nodeRelease(pRtree, pNode);
-    pNode = pChild;
-  }
-
-  *ppLeaf = pNode;
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** A cell with the same content as pCell has just been inserted into
-** the node pNode. This function updates the bounding box cells in
-** all ancestor elements.
-*/
-static void AdjustTree(
-  Rtree *pRtree,                    /* Rtree table */
-  RtreeNode *pNode,                 /* Adjust ancestry of this node. */
-  RtreeCell *pCell                  /* This cell was just inserted */
-){
-  RtreeNode *p = pNode;
-  while( p->pParent ){
-    RtreeCell cell;
-    RtreeNode *pParent = p->pParent;
-    int iCell = nodeParentIndex(pRtree, p);
-
-    nodeGetCell(pRtree, pParent, iCell, &cell);
-    if( !cellContains(pRtree, &cell, pCell) ){
-      cellUnion(pRtree, &cell, pCell);
-      nodeOverwriteCell(pRtree, pParent, &cell, iCell);
-    }
- 
-    p = pParent;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Write mapping (iRowid->iNode) to the <rtree>_rowid table.
-*/
-static int rowidWrite(Rtree *pRtree, sqlite3_int64 iRowid, sqlite3_int64 iNode){
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pWriteRowid, 1, iRowid);
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pWriteRowid, 2, iNode);
-  sqlite3_step(pRtree->pWriteRowid);
-  return sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pWriteRowid);
-}
-
-/*
-** Write mapping (iNode->iPar) to the <rtree>_parent table.
-*/
-static int parentWrite(Rtree *pRtree, sqlite3_int64 iNode, sqlite3_int64 iPar){
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pWriteParent, 1, iNode);
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pWriteParent, 2, iPar);
-  sqlite3_step(pRtree->pWriteParent);
-  return sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pWriteParent);
-}
-
-static int rtreeInsertCell(Rtree *, RtreeNode *, RtreeCell *, int);
-
-#if VARIANT_GUTTMAN_LINEAR_SPLIT
-/*
-** Implementation of the linear variant of the PickNext() function from
-** Guttman[84].
-*/
-static RtreeCell *LinearPickNext(
-  Rtree *pRtree,
-  RtreeCell *aCell, 
-  int nCell, 
-  RtreeCell *pLeftBox, 
-  RtreeCell *pRightBox,
-  int *aiUsed
-){
-  int ii;
-  for(ii=0; aiUsed[ii]; ii++);
-  aiUsed[ii] = 1;
-  return &aCell[ii];
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the linear variant of the PickSeeds() function from
-** Guttman[84].
-*/
-static void LinearPickSeeds(
-  Rtree *pRtree,
-  RtreeCell *aCell, 
-  int nCell, 
-  int *piLeftSeed, 
-  int *piRightSeed
-){
-  int i;
-  int iLeftSeed = 0;
-  int iRightSeed = 1;
-  float maxNormalInnerWidth = 0.0;
-
-  /* Pick two "seed" cells from the array of cells. The algorithm used
-  ** here is the LinearPickSeeds algorithm from Gutman[1984]. The 
-  ** indices of the two seed cells in the array are stored in local
-  ** variables iLeftSeek and iRightSeed.
-  */
-  for(i=0; i<pRtree->nDim; i++){
-    float x1 = DCOORD(aCell[0].aCoord[i*2]);
-    float x2 = DCOORD(aCell[0].aCoord[i*2+1]);
-    float x3 = x1;
-    float x4 = x2;
-    int jj;
-
-    int iCellLeft = 0;
-    int iCellRight = 0;
-
-    for(jj=1; jj<nCell; jj++){
-      float left = DCOORD(aCell[jj].aCoord[i*2]);
-      float right = DCOORD(aCell[jj].aCoord[i*2+1]);
-
-      if( left<x1 ) x1 = left;
-      if( right>x4 ) x4 = right;
-      if( left>x3 ){
-        x3 = left;
-        iCellRight = jj;
-      }
-      if( right<x2 ){
-        x2 = right;
-        iCellLeft = jj;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if( x4!=x1 ){
-      float normalwidth = (x3 - x2) / (x4 - x1);
-      if( normalwidth>maxNormalInnerWidth ){
-        iLeftSeed = iCellLeft;
-        iRightSeed = iCellRight;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  *piLeftSeed = iLeftSeed;
-  *piRightSeed = iRightSeed;
-}
-#endif /* VARIANT_GUTTMAN_LINEAR_SPLIT */
-
-#if VARIANT_GUTTMAN_QUADRATIC_SPLIT
-/*
-** Implementation of the quadratic variant of the PickNext() function from
-** Guttman[84].
-*/
-static RtreeCell *QuadraticPickNext(
-  Rtree *pRtree,
-  RtreeCell *aCell, 
-  int nCell, 
-  RtreeCell *pLeftBox, 
-  RtreeCell *pRightBox,
-  int *aiUsed
-){
-  #define FABS(a) ((a)<0.0?-1.0*(a):(a))
-
-  int iSelect = -1;
-  float fDiff;
-  int ii;
-  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
-    if( aiUsed[ii]==0 ){
-      float left = cellGrowth(pRtree, pLeftBox, &aCell[ii]);
-      float right = cellGrowth(pRtree, pLeftBox, &aCell[ii]);
-      float diff = FABS(right-left);
-      if( iSelect<0 || diff>fDiff ){
-        fDiff = diff;
-        iSelect = ii;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  aiUsed[iSelect] = 1;
-  return &aCell[iSelect];
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the quadratic variant of the PickSeeds() function from
-** Guttman[84].
-*/
-static void QuadraticPickSeeds(
-  Rtree *pRtree,
-  RtreeCell *aCell, 
-  int nCell, 
-  int *piLeftSeed, 
-  int *piRightSeed
-){
-  int ii;
-  int jj;
-
-  int iLeftSeed = 0;
-  int iRightSeed = 1;
-  float fWaste = 0.0;
-
-  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
-    for(jj=ii+1; jj<nCell; jj++){
-      float right = cellArea(pRtree, &aCell[jj]);
-      float growth = cellGrowth(pRtree, &aCell[ii], &aCell[jj]);
-      float waste = growth - right;
-
-      if( waste>fWaste ){
-        iLeftSeed = ii;
-        iRightSeed = jj;
-        fWaste = waste;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  *piLeftSeed = iLeftSeed;
-  *piRightSeed = iRightSeed;
-}
-#endif /* VARIANT_GUTTMAN_QUADRATIC_SPLIT */
-
-/*
-** Arguments aIdx, aDistance and aSpare all point to arrays of size
-** nIdx. The aIdx array contains the set of integers from 0 to 
-** (nIdx-1) in no particular order. This function sorts the values
-** in aIdx according to the indexed values in aDistance. For
-** example, assuming the inputs:
-**
-**   aIdx      = { 0,   1,   2,   3 }
-**   aDistance = { 5.0, 2.0, 7.0, 6.0 }
-**
-** this function sets the aIdx array to contain:
-**
-**   aIdx      = { 0,   1,   2,   3 }
-**
-** The aSpare array is used as temporary working space by the
-** sorting algorithm.
-*/
-static void SortByDistance(
-  int *aIdx, 
-  int nIdx, 
-  float *aDistance, 
-  int *aSpare
-){
-  if( nIdx>1 ){
-    int iLeft = 0;
-    int iRight = 0;
-
-    int nLeft = nIdx/2;
-    int nRight = nIdx-nLeft;
-    int *aLeft = aIdx;
-    int *aRight = &aIdx[nLeft];
-
-    SortByDistance(aLeft, nLeft, aDistance, aSpare);
-    SortByDistance(aRight, nRight, aDistance, aSpare);
-
-    memcpy(aSpare, aLeft, sizeof(int)*nLeft);
-    aLeft = aSpare;
-
-    while( iLeft<nLeft || iRight<nRight ){
-      if( iLeft==nLeft ){
-        aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aRight[iRight];
-        iRight++;
-      }else if( iRight==nRight ){
-        aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aLeft[iLeft];
-        iLeft++;
-      }else{
-        float fLeft = aDistance[aLeft[iLeft]];
-        float fRight = aDistance[aRight[iRight]];
-        if( fLeft<fRight ){
-          aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aLeft[iLeft];
-          iLeft++;
-        }else{
-          aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aRight[iRight];
-          iRight++;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-#if 0
-    /* Check that the sort worked */
-    {
-      int jj;
-      for(jj=1; jj<nIdx; jj++){
-        float left = aDistance[aIdx[jj-1]];
-        float right = aDistance[aIdx[jj]];
-        assert( left<=right );
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Arguments aIdx, aCell and aSpare all point to arrays of size
-** nIdx. The aIdx array contains the set of integers from 0 to 
-** (nIdx-1) in no particular order. This function sorts the values
-** in aIdx according to dimension iDim of the cells in aCell. The
-** minimum value of dimension iDim is considered first, the
-** maximum used to break ties.
-**
-** The aSpare array is used as temporary working space by the
-** sorting algorithm.
-*/
-static void SortByDimension(
-  Rtree *pRtree,
-  int *aIdx, 
-  int nIdx, 
-  int iDim, 
-  RtreeCell *aCell, 
-  int *aSpare
-){
-  if( nIdx>1 ){
-
-    int iLeft = 0;
-    int iRight = 0;
-
-    int nLeft = nIdx/2;
-    int nRight = nIdx-nLeft;
-    int *aLeft = aIdx;
-    int *aRight = &aIdx[nLeft];
-
-    SortByDimension(pRtree, aLeft, nLeft, iDim, aCell, aSpare);
-    SortByDimension(pRtree, aRight, nRight, iDim, aCell, aSpare);
-
-    memcpy(aSpare, aLeft, sizeof(int)*nLeft);
-    aLeft = aSpare;
-    while( iLeft<nLeft || iRight<nRight ){
-      double xleft1 = DCOORD(aCell[aLeft[iLeft]].aCoord[iDim*2]);
-      double xleft2 = DCOORD(aCell[aLeft[iLeft]].aCoord[iDim*2+1]);
-      double xright1 = DCOORD(aCell[aRight[iRight]].aCoord[iDim*2]);
-      double xright2 = DCOORD(aCell[aRight[iRight]].aCoord[iDim*2+1]);
-      if( (iLeft!=nLeft) && ((iRight==nRight)
-       || (xleft1<xright1)
-       || (xleft1==xright1 && xleft2<xright2)
-      )){
-        aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aLeft[iLeft];
-        iLeft++;
-      }else{
-        aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aRight[iRight];
-        iRight++;
-      }
-    }
-
-#if 0
-    /* Check that the sort worked */
-    {
-      int jj;
-      for(jj=1; jj<nIdx; jj++){
-        float xleft1 = aCell[aIdx[jj-1]].aCoord[iDim*2];
-        float xleft2 = aCell[aIdx[jj-1]].aCoord[iDim*2+1];
-        float xright1 = aCell[aIdx[jj]].aCoord[iDim*2];
-        float xright2 = aCell[aIdx[jj]].aCoord[iDim*2+1];
-        assert( xleft1<=xright1 && (xleft1<xright1 || xleft2<=xright2) );
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-}
-
-#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_SPLIT
-/*
-** Implementation of the R*-tree variant of SplitNode from Beckman[1990].
-*/
-static int splitNodeStartree(
-  Rtree *pRtree,
-  RtreeCell *aCell,
-  int nCell,
-  RtreeNode *pLeft,
-  RtreeNode *pRight,
-  RtreeCell *pBboxLeft,
-  RtreeCell *pBboxRight
-){
-  int **aaSorted;
-  int *aSpare;
-  int ii;
-
-  int iBestDim;
-  int iBestSplit;
-  float fBestMargin;
-
-  int nByte = (pRtree->nDim+1)*(sizeof(int*)+nCell*sizeof(int));
-
-  aaSorted = (int **)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
-  if( !aaSorted ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  aSpare = &((int *)&aaSorted[pRtree->nDim])[pRtree->nDim*nCell];
-  memset(aaSorted, 0, nByte);
-  for(ii=0; ii<pRtree->nDim; ii++){
-    int jj;
-    aaSorted[ii] = &((int *)&aaSorted[pRtree->nDim])[ii*nCell];
-    for(jj=0; jj<nCell; jj++){
-      aaSorted[ii][jj] = jj;
-    }
-    SortByDimension(pRtree, aaSorted[ii], nCell, ii, aCell, aSpare);
-  }
-
-  for(ii=0; ii<pRtree->nDim; ii++){
-    float margin = 0.0;
-    float fBestOverlap;
-    float fBestArea;
-    int iBestLeft;
-    int nLeft;
-
-    for(
-      nLeft=RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree); 
-      nLeft<=(nCell-RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree)); 
-      nLeft++
-    ){
-      RtreeCell left;
-      RtreeCell right;
-      int kk;
-      float overlap;
-      float area;
-
-      memcpy(&left, &aCell[aaSorted[ii][0]], sizeof(RtreeCell));
-      memcpy(&right, &aCell[aaSorted[ii][nCell-1]], sizeof(RtreeCell));
-      for(kk=1; kk<(nCell-1); kk++){
-        if( kk<nLeft ){
-          cellUnion(pRtree, &left, &aCell[aaSorted[ii][kk]]);
-        }else{
-          cellUnion(pRtree, &right, &aCell[aaSorted[ii][kk]]);
-        }
-      }
-      margin += cellMargin(pRtree, &left);
-      margin += cellMargin(pRtree, &right);
-      overlap = cellOverlap(pRtree, &left, &right, 1, -1);
-      area = cellArea(pRtree, &left) + cellArea(pRtree, &right);
-      if( (nLeft==RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree))
-       || (overlap<fBestOverlap)
-       || (overlap==fBestOverlap && area<fBestArea)
-      ){
-        iBestLeft = nLeft;
-        fBestOverlap = overlap;
-        fBestArea = area;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if( ii==0 || margin<fBestMargin ){
-      iBestDim = ii;
-      fBestMargin = margin;
-      iBestSplit = iBestLeft;
-    }
-  }
-
-  memcpy(pBboxLeft, &aCell[aaSorted[iBestDim][0]], sizeof(RtreeCell));
-  memcpy(pBboxRight, &aCell[aaSorted[iBestDim][iBestSplit]], sizeof(RtreeCell));
-  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
-    RtreeNode *pTarget = (ii<iBestSplit)?pLeft:pRight;
-    RtreeCell *pBbox = (ii<iBestSplit)?pBboxLeft:pBboxRight;
-    RtreeCell *pCell = &aCell[aaSorted[iBestDim][ii]];
-    nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pTarget, pCell);
-    cellUnion(pRtree, pBbox, pCell);
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_free(aaSorted);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif
-
-#if VARIANT_GUTTMAN_SPLIT
-/*
-** Implementation of the regular R-tree SplitNode from Guttman[1984].
-*/
-static int splitNodeGuttman(
-  Rtree *pRtree,
-  RtreeCell *aCell,
-  int nCell,
-  RtreeNode *pLeft,
-  RtreeNode *pRight,
-  RtreeCell *pBboxLeft,
-  RtreeCell *pBboxRight
-){
-  int iLeftSeed = 0;
-  int iRightSeed = 1;
-  int *aiUsed;
-  int i;
-
-  aiUsed = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(int)*nCell);
-  if( !aiUsed ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  memset(aiUsed, 0, sizeof(int)*nCell);
-
-  PickSeeds(pRtree, aCell, nCell, &iLeftSeed, &iRightSeed);
-
-  memcpy(pBboxLeft, &aCell[iLeftSeed], sizeof(RtreeCell));
-  memcpy(pBboxRight, &aCell[iRightSeed], sizeof(RtreeCell));
-  nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pLeft, &aCell[iLeftSeed]);
-  nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pRight, &aCell[iRightSeed]);
-  aiUsed[iLeftSeed] = 1;
-  aiUsed[iRightSeed] = 1;
-
-  for(i=nCell-2; i>0; i--){
-    RtreeCell *pNext;
-    pNext = PickNext(pRtree, aCell, nCell, pBboxLeft, pBboxRight, aiUsed);
-    float diff =  
-      cellGrowth(pRtree, pBboxLeft, pNext) - 
-      cellGrowth(pRtree, pBboxRight, pNext)
-    ;
-    if( (RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree)-NCELL(pRight)==i)
-     || (diff>0.0 && (RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree)-NCELL(pLeft)!=i))
-    ){
-      nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pRight, pNext);
-      cellUnion(pRtree, pBboxRight, pNext);
-    }else{
-      nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pLeft, pNext);
-      cellUnion(pRtree, pBboxLeft, pNext);
-    }
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_free(aiUsed);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif
-
-static int updateMapping(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  i64 iRowid, 
-  RtreeNode *pNode, 
-  int iHeight
-){
-  int (*xSetMapping)(Rtree *, sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64);
-  xSetMapping = ((iHeight==0)?rowidWrite:parentWrite);
-  if( iHeight>0 ){
-    RtreeNode *pChild = nodeHashLookup(pRtree, iRowid);
-    if( pChild ){
-      nodeRelease(pRtree, pChild->pParent);
-      nodeReference(pNode);
-      pChild->pParent = pNode;
-    }
-  }
-  return xSetMapping(pRtree, iRowid, pNode->iNode);
-}
-
-static int SplitNode(
-  Rtree *pRtree,
-  RtreeNode *pNode,
-  RtreeCell *pCell,
-  int iHeight
-){
-  int i;
-  int newCellIsRight = 0;
-
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
-  RtreeCell *aCell;
-  int *aiUsed;
-
-  RtreeNode *pLeft = 0;
-  RtreeNode *pRight = 0;
-
-  RtreeCell leftbbox;
-  RtreeCell rightbbox;
-
-  /* Allocate an array and populate it with a copy of pCell and 
-  ** all cells from node pLeft. Then zero the original node.
-  */
-  aCell = sqlite3_malloc((sizeof(RtreeCell)+sizeof(int))*(nCell+1));
-  if( !aCell ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    goto splitnode_out;
-  }
-  aiUsed = (int *)&aCell[nCell+1];
-  memset(aiUsed, 0, sizeof(int)*(nCell+1));
-  for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
-    nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, i, &aCell[i]);
-  }
-  nodeZero(pRtree, pNode);
-  memcpy(&aCell[nCell], pCell, sizeof(RtreeCell));
-  nCell++;
-
-  if( pNode->iNode==1 ){
-    pRight = nodeNew(pRtree, pNode, 1);
-    pLeft = nodeNew(pRtree, pNode, 1);
-    pRtree->iDepth++;
-    pNode->isDirty = 1;
-    writeInt16(pNode->zData, pRtree->iDepth);
-  }else{
-    pLeft = pNode;
-    pRight = nodeNew(pRtree, pLeft->pParent, 1);
-    nodeReference(pLeft);
-  }
-
-  if( !pLeft || !pRight ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    goto splitnode_out;
-  }
-
-  memset(pLeft->zData, 0, pRtree->iNodeSize);
-  memset(pRight->zData, 0, pRtree->iNodeSize);
-
-  rc = AssignCells(pRtree, aCell, nCell, pLeft, pRight, &leftbbox, &rightbbox);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    goto splitnode_out;
-  }
-
-  /* Ensure both child nodes have node numbers assigned to them. */
-  if( (0==pRight->iNode && SQLITE_OK!=(rc = nodeWrite(pRtree, pRight)))
-   || (0==pLeft->iNode && SQLITE_OK!=(rc = nodeWrite(pRtree, pLeft)))
-  ){
-    goto splitnode_out;
-  }
-
-  rightbbox.iRowid = pRight->iNode;
-  leftbbox.iRowid = pLeft->iNode;
-
-  if( pNode->iNode==1 ){
-    rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pLeft->pParent, &leftbbox, iHeight+1);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto splitnode_out;
-    }
-  }else{
-    RtreeNode *pParent = pLeft->pParent;
-    int iCell = nodeParentIndex(pRtree, pLeft);
-    nodeOverwriteCell(pRtree, pParent, &leftbbox, iCell);
-    AdjustTree(pRtree, pParent, &leftbbox);
-  }
-  if( (rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pRight->pParent, &rightbbox, iHeight+1)) ){
-    goto splitnode_out;
-  }
-
-  for(i=0; i<NCELL(pRight); i++){
-    i64 iRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pRight, i);
-    rc = updateMapping(pRtree, iRowid, pRight, iHeight);
-    if( iRowid==pCell->iRowid ){
-      newCellIsRight = 1;
-    }
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto splitnode_out;
-    }
-  }
-  if( pNode->iNode==1 ){
-    for(i=0; i<NCELL(pLeft); i++){
-      i64 iRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pLeft, i);
-      rc = updateMapping(pRtree, iRowid, pLeft, iHeight);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto splitnode_out;
-      }
-    }
-  }else if( newCellIsRight==0 ){
-    rc = updateMapping(pRtree, pCell->iRowid, pLeft, iHeight);
-  }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pRight);
-    pRight = 0;
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pLeft);
-    pLeft = 0;
-  }
-
-splitnode_out:
-  nodeRelease(pRtree, pRight);
-  nodeRelease(pRtree, pLeft);
-  sqlite3_free(aCell);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-static int fixLeafParent(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pLeaf){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( pLeaf->iNode!=1 && pLeaf->pParent==0 ){
-    sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pReadParent, 1, pLeaf->iNode);
-    if( sqlite3_step(pRtree->pReadParent)==SQLITE_ROW ){
-      i64 iNode = sqlite3_column_int64(pRtree->pReadParent, 0);
-      rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iNode, 0, &pLeaf->pParent);
-    }else{
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadParent);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = fixLeafParent(pRtree, pLeaf->pParent);
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-static int deleteCell(Rtree *, RtreeNode *, int, int);
-
-static int removeNode(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, int iHeight){
-  int rc;
-  RtreeNode *pParent;
-  int iCell;
-
-  assert( pNode->nRef==1 );
-
-  /* Remove the entry in the parent cell. */
-  iCell = nodeParentIndex(pRtree, pNode);
-  pParent = pNode->pParent;
-  pNode->pParent = 0;
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = deleteCell(pRtree, pParent, iCell, iHeight+1)) 
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pParent))
-  ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* Remove the xxx_node entry. */
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pDeleteNode, 1, pNode->iNode);
-  sqlite3_step(pRtree->pDeleteNode);
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pDeleteNode)) ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* Remove the xxx_parent entry. */
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pDeleteParent, 1, pNode->iNode);
-  sqlite3_step(pRtree->pDeleteParent);
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pDeleteParent)) ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  
-  /* Remove the node from the in-memory hash table and link it into
-  ** the Rtree.pDeleted list. Its contents will be re-inserted later on.
-  */
-  nodeHashDelete(pRtree, pNode);
-  pNode->iNode = iHeight;
-  pNode->pNext = pRtree->pDeleted;
-  pNode->nRef++;
-  pRtree->pDeleted = pNode;
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-static void fixBoundingBox(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
-  RtreeNode *pParent = pNode->pParent;
-  if( pParent ){
-    int ii; 
-    int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
-    RtreeCell box;                            /* Bounding box for pNode */
-    nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, 0, &box);
-    for(ii=1; ii<nCell; ii++){
-      RtreeCell cell;
-      nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, ii, &cell);
-      cellUnion(pRtree, &box, &cell);
-    }
-    box.iRowid = pNode->iNode;
-    ii = nodeParentIndex(pRtree, pNode);
-    nodeOverwriteCell(pRtree, pParent, &box, ii);
-    fixBoundingBox(pRtree, pParent);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Delete the cell at index iCell of node pNode. After removing the
-** cell, adjust the r-tree data structure if required.
-*/
-static int deleteCell(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, int iCell, int iHeight){
-  int rc;
-
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = fixLeafParent(pRtree, pNode)) ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  /* Remove the cell from the node. This call just moves bytes around
-  ** the in-memory node image, so it cannot fail.
-  */
-  nodeDeleteCell(pRtree, pNode, iCell);
-
-  /* If the node is not the tree root and now has less than the minimum
-  ** number of cells, remove it from the tree. Otherwise, update the
-  ** cell in the parent node so that it tightly contains the updated
-  ** node.
-  */
-  if( pNode->iNode!=1 ){
-    RtreeNode *pParent = pNode->pParent;
-    if( (pParent->iNode!=1 || NCELL(pParent)!=1) 
-     && (NCELL(pNode)<RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree))
-    ){
-      rc = removeNode(pRtree, pNode, iHeight);
-    }else{
-      fixBoundingBox(pRtree, pNode);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-static int Reinsert(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeNode *pNode, 
-  RtreeCell *pCell, 
-  int iHeight
-){
-  int *aOrder;
-  int *aSpare;
-  RtreeCell *aCell;
-  float *aDistance;
-  int nCell;
-  float aCenterCoord[RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
-  int iDim;
-  int ii;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  memset(aCenterCoord, 0, sizeof(float)*RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS);
-
-  nCell = NCELL(pNode)+1;
-
-  /* Allocate the buffers used by this operation. The allocation is
-  ** relinquished before this function returns.
-  */
-  aCell = (RtreeCell *)sqlite3_malloc(nCell * (
-    sizeof(RtreeCell) +         /* aCell array */
-    sizeof(int)       +         /* aOrder array */
-    sizeof(int)       +         /* aSpare array */
-    sizeof(float)               /* aDistance array */
-  ));
-  if( !aCell ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  aOrder    = (int *)&aCell[nCell];
-  aSpare    = (int *)&aOrder[nCell];
-  aDistance = (float *)&aSpare[nCell];
-
-  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
-    if( ii==(nCell-1) ){
-      memcpy(&aCell[ii], pCell, sizeof(RtreeCell));
-    }else{
-      nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, ii, &aCell[ii]);
-    }
-    aOrder[ii] = ii;
-    for(iDim=0; iDim<pRtree->nDim; iDim++){
-      aCenterCoord[iDim] += DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2]);
-      aCenterCoord[iDim] += DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2+1]);
-    }
-  }
-  for(iDim=0; iDim<pRtree->nDim; iDim++){
-    aCenterCoord[iDim] = aCenterCoord[iDim]/((float)nCell*2.0);
-  }
-
-  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
-    aDistance[ii] = 0.0;
-    for(iDim=0; iDim<pRtree->nDim; iDim++){
-      float coord = DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2+1]) - 
-          DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2]);
-      aDistance[ii] += (coord-aCenterCoord[iDim])*(coord-aCenterCoord[iDim]);
-    }
-  }
-
-  SortByDistance(aOrder, nCell, aDistance, aSpare);
-  nodeZero(pRtree, pNode);
-
-  for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<(nCell-(RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree)+1)); ii++){
-    RtreeCell *p = &aCell[aOrder[ii]];
-    nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pNode, p);
-    if( p->iRowid==pCell->iRowid ){
-      if( iHeight==0 ){
-        rc = rowidWrite(pRtree, p->iRowid, pNode->iNode);
-      }else{
-        rc = parentWrite(pRtree, p->iRowid, pNode->iNode);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    fixBoundingBox(pRtree, pNode);
-  }
-  for(; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<nCell; ii++){
-    /* Find a node to store this cell in. pNode->iNode currently contains
-    ** the height of the sub-tree headed by the cell.
-    */
-    RtreeNode *pInsert;
-    RtreeCell *p = &aCell[aOrder[ii]];
-    rc = ChooseLeaf(pRtree, p, iHeight, &pInsert);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int rc2;
-      rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pInsert, p, iHeight);
-      rc2 = nodeRelease(pRtree, pInsert);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = rc2;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_free(aCell);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Insert cell pCell into node pNode. Node pNode is the head of a 
-** subtree iHeight high (leaf nodes have iHeight==0).
-*/
-static int rtreeInsertCell(
-  Rtree *pRtree,
-  RtreeNode *pNode,
-  RtreeCell *pCell,
-  int iHeight
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( iHeight>0 ){
-    RtreeNode *pChild = nodeHashLookup(pRtree, pCell->iRowid);
-    if( pChild ){
-      nodeRelease(pRtree, pChild->pParent);
-      nodeReference(pNode);
-      pChild->pParent = pNode;
-    }
-  }
-  if( nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pNode, pCell) ){
-#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_REINSERT
-    if( iHeight<=pRtree->iReinsertHeight || pNode->iNode==1){
-      rc = SplitNode(pRtree, pNode, pCell, iHeight);
-    }else{
-      pRtree->iReinsertHeight = iHeight;
-      rc = Reinsert(pRtree, pNode, pCell, iHeight);
-    }
-#else
-    rc = SplitNode(pRtree, pNode, pCell, iHeight);
-#endif
-  }else{
-    AdjustTree(pRtree, pNode, pCell);
-    if( iHeight==0 ){
-      rc = rowidWrite(pRtree, pCell->iRowid, pNode->iNode);
-    }else{
-      rc = parentWrite(pRtree, pCell->iRowid, pNode->iNode);
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-static int reinsertNodeContent(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
-  int ii;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
-
-  for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<nCell; ii++){
-    RtreeNode *pInsert;
-    RtreeCell cell;
-    nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, ii, &cell);
-
-    /* Find a node to store this cell in. pNode->iNode currently contains
-    ** the height of the sub-tree headed by the cell.
-    */
-    rc = ChooseLeaf(pRtree, &cell, pNode->iNode, &pInsert);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int rc2;
-      rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pInsert, &cell, pNode->iNode);
-      rc2 = nodeRelease(pRtree, pInsert);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = rc2;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** Select a currently unused rowid for a new r-tree record.
-*/
-static int newRowid(Rtree *pRtree, i64 *piRowid){
-  int rc;
-  sqlite3_bind_null(pRtree->pWriteRowid, 1);
-  sqlite3_bind_null(pRtree->pWriteRowid, 2);
-  sqlite3_step(pRtree->pWriteRowid);
-  rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pWriteRowid);
-  *piRowid = sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(pRtree->db);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-static int hashIsEmpty(Rtree *pRtree){
-  int ii;
-  for(ii=0; ii<HASHSIZE; ii++){
-    assert( !pRtree->aHash[ii] );
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The xUpdate method for rtree module virtual tables.
-*/
-static int rtreeUpdate(
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, 
-  int nData, 
-  sqlite3_value **azData, 
-  sqlite_int64 *pRowid
-){
-  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtab;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  rtreeReference(pRtree);
-
-  assert(nData>=1);
-  assert(hashIsEmpty(pRtree));
-
-  /* If azData[0] is not an SQL NULL value, it is the rowid of a
-  ** record to delete from the r-tree table. The following block does
-  ** just that.
-  */
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(azData[0])!=SQLITE_NULL ){
-    i64 iDelete;                /* The rowid to delete */
-    RtreeNode *pLeaf;           /* Leaf node containing record iDelete */
-    int iCell;                  /* Index of iDelete cell in pLeaf */
-    RtreeNode *pRoot;
-
-    /* Obtain a reference to the root node to initialise Rtree.iDepth */
-    rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, 1, 0, &pRoot);
-
-    /* Obtain a reference to the leaf node that contains the entry 
-    ** about to be deleted. 
-    */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      iDelete = sqlite3_value_int64(azData[0]);
-      rc = findLeafNode(pRtree, iDelete, &pLeaf);
-    }
-
-    /* Delete the cell in question from the leaf node. */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int rc2;
-      iCell = nodeRowidIndex(pRtree, pLeaf, iDelete);
-      rc = deleteCell(pRtree, pLeaf, iCell, 0);
-      rc2 = nodeRelease(pRtree, pLeaf);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = rc2;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Delete the corresponding entry in the <rtree>_rowid table. */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pDeleteRowid, 1, iDelete);
-      sqlite3_step(pRtree->pDeleteRowid);
-      rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pDeleteRowid);
-    }
-
-    /* Check if the root node now has exactly one child. If so, remove
-    ** it, schedule the contents of the child for reinsertion and 
-    ** reduce the tree height by one.
-    **
-    ** This is equivalent to copying the contents of the child into
-    ** the root node (the operation that Gutman's paper says to perform 
-    ** in this scenario).
-    */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pRtree->iDepth>0 ){
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && NCELL(pRoot)==1 ){
-        RtreeNode *pChild;
-        i64 iChild = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pRoot, 0);
-        rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iChild, pRoot, &pChild);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = removeNode(pRtree, pChild, pRtree->iDepth-1);
-        }
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          pRtree->iDepth--;
-          writeInt16(pRoot->zData, pRtree->iDepth);
-          pRoot->isDirty = 1;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Re-insert the contents of any underfull nodes removed from the tree. */
-    for(pLeaf=pRtree->pDeleted; pLeaf; pLeaf=pRtree->pDeleted){
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = reinsertNodeContent(pRtree, pLeaf);
-      }
-      pRtree->pDeleted = pLeaf->pNext;
-      sqlite3_free(pLeaf);
-    }
-
-    /* Release the reference to the root node. */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pRoot);
-    }else{
-      nodeRelease(pRtree, pRoot);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If the azData[] array contains more than one element, elements
-  ** (azData[2]..azData[argc-1]) contain a new record to insert into
-  ** the r-tree structure.
-  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nData>1 ){
-    /* Insert a new record into the r-tree */
-    RtreeCell cell;
-    int ii;
-    RtreeNode *pLeaf;
-
-    /* Populate the cell.aCoord[] array. The first coordinate is azData[3]. */
-    assert( nData==(pRtree->nDim*2 + 3) );
-    if( pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_REAL32 ){
-      for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
-        cell.aCoord[ii].f = (float)sqlite3_value_double(azData[ii+3]);
-        cell.aCoord[ii+1].f = (float)sqlite3_value_double(azData[ii+4]);
-        if( cell.aCoord[ii].f>cell.aCoord[ii+1].f ){
-          rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
-          goto constraint;
-        }
-      }
-    }else{
-      for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
-        cell.aCoord[ii].i = sqlite3_value_int(azData[ii+3]);
-        cell.aCoord[ii+1].i = sqlite3_value_int(azData[ii+4]);
-        if( cell.aCoord[ii].i>cell.aCoord[ii+1].i ){
-          rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
-          goto constraint;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Figure out the rowid of the new row. */
-    if( sqlite3_value_type(azData[2])==SQLITE_NULL ){
-      rc = newRowid(pRtree, &cell.iRowid);
-    }else{
-      cell.iRowid = sqlite3_value_int64(azData[2]);
-      sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pReadRowid, 1, cell.iRowid);
-      if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pRtree->pReadRowid) ){
-        sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadRowid);
-        rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
-        goto constraint;
-      }
-      rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadRowid);
-    }
-
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = ChooseLeaf(pRtree, &cell, 0, &pLeaf);
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int rc2;
-      pRtree->iReinsertHeight = -1;
-      rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pLeaf, &cell, 0);
-      rc2 = nodeRelease(pRtree, pLeaf);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = rc2;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-constraint:
-  rtreeRelease(pRtree);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The xRename method for rtree module virtual tables.
-*/
-static int rtreeRename(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNewName){
-  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtab;
-  int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-    "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_node'   RENAME TO \"%w_node\";"
-    "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_parent' RENAME TO \"%w_parent\";"
-    "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_rowid'  RENAME TO \"%w_rowid\";"
-    , pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, zNewName 
-    , pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, zNewName 
-    , pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, zNewName
-  );
-  if( zSql ){
-    rc = sqlite3_exec(pRtree->db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_free(zSql);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-static sqlite3_module rtreeModule = {
-  0,                         /* iVersion */
-  rtreeCreate,                /* xCreate - create a table */
-  rtreeConnect,               /* xConnect - connect to an existing table */
-  rtreeBestIndex,             /* xBestIndex - Determine search strategy */
-  rtreeDisconnect,            /* xDisconnect - Disconnect from a table */
-  rtreeDestroy,               /* xDestroy - Drop a table */
-  rtreeOpen,                  /* xOpen - open a cursor */
-  rtreeClose,                 /* xClose - close a cursor */
-  rtreeFilter,                /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
-  rtreeNext,                  /* xNext - advance a cursor */
-  rtreeEof,                   /* xEof */
-  rtreeColumn,                /* xColumn - read data */
-  rtreeRowid,                 /* xRowid - read data */
-  rtreeUpdate,                /* xUpdate - write data */
-  0,                          /* xBegin - begin transaction */
-  0,                          /* xSync - sync transaction */
-  0,                          /* xCommit - commit transaction */
-  0,                          /* xRollback - rollback transaction */
-  0,                          /* xFindFunction - function overloading */
-  rtreeRename                 /* xRename - rename the table */
-};
-
-static int rtreeSqlInit(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  const char *zDb, 
-  const char *zPrefix, 
-  int isCreate
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  #define N_STATEMENT 9
-  static const char *azSql[N_STATEMENT] = {
-    /* Read and write the xxx_node table */
-    "SELECT data FROM '%q'.'%q_node' WHERE nodeno = :1",
-    "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO '%q'.'%q_node' VALUES(:1, :2)",
-    "DELETE FROM '%q'.'%q_node' WHERE nodeno = :1",
-
-    /* Read and write the xxx_rowid table */
-    "SELECT nodeno FROM '%q'.'%q_rowid' WHERE rowid = :1",
-    "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO '%q'.'%q_rowid' VALUES(:1, :2)",
-    "DELETE FROM '%q'.'%q_rowid' WHERE rowid = :1",
-
-    /* Read and write the xxx_parent table */
-    "SELECT parentnode FROM '%q'.'%q_parent' WHERE nodeno = :1",
-    "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO '%q'.'%q_parent' VALUES(:1, :2)",
-    "DELETE FROM '%q'.'%q_parent' WHERE nodeno = :1"
-  };
-  sqlite3_stmt **appStmt[N_STATEMENT];
-  int i;
-
-  pRtree->db = db;
-
-  if( isCreate ){
-    char *zCreate = sqlite3_mprintf(
-"CREATE TABLE \"%w\".\"%w_node\"(nodeno INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, data BLOB);"
-"CREATE TABLE \"%w\".\"%w_rowid\"(rowid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, nodeno INTEGER);"
-"CREATE TABLE \"%w\".\"%w_parent\"(nodeno INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, parentnode INTEGER);"
-"INSERT INTO '%q'.'%q_node' VALUES(1, zeroblob(%d))",
-      zDb, zPrefix, zDb, zPrefix, zDb, zPrefix, zDb, zPrefix, pRtree->iNodeSize
-    );
-    if( !zCreate ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zCreate, 0, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_free(zCreate);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-  }
-
-  appStmt[0] = &pRtree->pReadNode;
-  appStmt[1] = &pRtree->pWriteNode;
-  appStmt[2] = &pRtree->pDeleteNode;
-  appStmt[3] = &pRtree->pReadRowid;
-  appStmt[4] = &pRtree->pWriteRowid;
-  appStmt[5] = &pRtree->pDeleteRowid;
-  appStmt[6] = &pRtree->pReadParent;
-  appStmt[7] = &pRtree->pWriteParent;
-  appStmt[8] = &pRtree->pDeleteParent;
-
-  for(i=0; i<N_STATEMENT && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
-    char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[i], zDb, zPrefix);
-    if( zSql ){
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, appStmt[i], 0); 
-    }else{
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(zSql);
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** The second argument to this function contains the text of an SQL statement
-** that returns a single integer value. The statement is compiled and executed
-** using database connection db. If successful, the integer value returned
-** is written to *piVal and SQLITE_OK returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error
-** code is returned and the value of *piVal after returning is not defined.
-*/
-static int getIntFromStmt(sqlite3 *db, const char *zSql, int *piVal){
-  int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  if( zSql ){
-    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-        *piVal = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
-      }
-      rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-    }
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called from within the xConnect() or xCreate() method to
-** determine the node-size used by the rtree table being created or connected
-** to. If successful, pRtree->iNodeSize is populated and SQLITE_OK returned.
-** Otherwise, an SQLite error code is returned.
-**
-** If this function is being called as part of an xConnect(), then the rtree
-** table already exists. In this case the node-size is determined by inspecting
-** the root node of the tree.
-**
-** Otherwise, for an xCreate(), use 64 bytes less than the database page-size. 
-** This ensures that each node is stored on a single database page. If the 
-** database page-size is so large that more than RTREE_MAXCELLS entries 
-** would fit in a single node, use a smaller node-size.
-*/
-static int getNodeSize(
-  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
-  Rtree *pRtree,                  /* Rtree handle */
-  int isCreate                    /* True for xCreate, false for xConnect */
-){
-  int rc;
-  char *zSql;
-  if( isCreate ){
-    int iPageSize;
-    zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA %Q.page_size", pRtree->zDb);
-    rc = getIntFromStmt(db, zSql, &iPageSize);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pRtree->iNodeSize = iPageSize-64;
-      if( (4+pRtree->nBytesPerCell*RTREE_MAXCELLS)<pRtree->iNodeSize ){
-        pRtree->iNodeSize = 4+pRtree->nBytesPerCell*RTREE_MAXCELLS;
-      }
-    }
-  }else{
-    zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-        "SELECT length(data) FROM '%q'.'%q_node' WHERE nodeno = 1",
-        pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName
-    );
-    rc = getIntFromStmt(db, zSql, &pRtree->iNodeSize);
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_free(zSql);
-  return rc;
-}
-
-/* 
-** This function is the implementation of both the xConnect and xCreate
-** methods of the r-tree virtual table.
-**
-**   argv[0]   -> module name
-**   argv[1]   -> database name
-**   argv[2]   -> table name
-**   argv[...] -> column names...
-*/
-static int rtreeInit(
-  sqlite3 *db,                        /* Database connection */
-  void *pAux,                         /* One of the RTREE_COORD_* constants */
-  int argc, const char *const*argv,   /* Parameters to CREATE TABLE statement */
-  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,              /* OUT: New virtual table */
-  char **pzErr,                       /* OUT: Error message, if any */
-  int isCreate                        /* True for xCreate, false for xConnect */
-){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  Rtree *pRtree;
-  int nDb;              /* Length of string argv[1] */
-  int nName;            /* Length of string argv[2] */
-  int eCoordType = (int)pAux;
-
-  const char *aErrMsg[] = {
-    0,                                                    /* 0 */
-    "Wrong number of columns for an rtree table",         /* 1 */
-    "Too few columns for an rtree table",                 /* 2 */
-    "Too many columns for an rtree table"                 /* 3 */
-  };
-
-  int iErr = (argc<6) ? 2 : argc>(RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS*2+4) ? 3 : argc%2;
-  if( aErrMsg[iErr] ){
-    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", aErrMsg[iErr]);
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  /* Allocate the sqlite3_vtab structure */
-  nDb = strlen(argv[1]);
-  nName = strlen(argv[2]);
-  pRtree = (Rtree *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
-  if( !pRtree ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  memset(pRtree, 0, sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
-  pRtree->nBusy = 1;
-  pRtree->base.pModule = &rtreeModule;
-  pRtree->zDb = (char *)&pRtree[1];
-  pRtree->zName = &pRtree->zDb[nDb+1];
-  pRtree->nDim = (argc-4)/2;
-  pRtree->nBytesPerCell = 8 + pRtree->nDim*4*2;
-  pRtree->eCoordType = eCoordType;
-  memcpy(pRtree->zDb, argv[1], nDb);
-  memcpy(pRtree->zName, argv[2], nName);
-
-  /* Figure out the node size to use. */
-  rc = getNodeSize(db, pRtree, isCreate);
-
-  /* Create/Connect to the underlying relational database schema. If
-  ** that is successful, call sqlite3_declare_vtab() to configure
-  ** the r-tree table schema.
-  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( (rc = rtreeSqlInit(pRtree, db, argv[1], argv[2], isCreate)) ){
-      *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-    }else{
-      char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("CREATE TABLE x(%s", argv[3]);
-      char *zTmp;
-      int ii;
-      for(ii=4; zSql && ii<argc; ii++){
-        zTmp = zSql;
-        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("%s, %s", zTmp, argv[ii]);
-        sqlite3_free(zTmp);
-      }
-      if( zSql ){
-        zTmp = zSql;
-        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("%s);", zTmp);
-        sqlite3_free(zTmp);
-      }
-      if( !zSql ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }else if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, zSql)) ){
-        *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-      }
-      sqlite3_free(zSql);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab *)pRtree;
-  }else{
-    rtreeRelease(pRtree);
-  }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Implementation of a scalar function that decodes r-tree nodes to
-** human readable strings. This can be used for debugging and analysis.
-**
-** The scalar function takes two arguments, a blob of data containing
-** an r-tree node, and the number of dimensions the r-tree indexes.
-** For a two-dimensional r-tree structure called "rt", to deserialize
-** all nodes, a statement like:
-**
-**   SELECT rtreenode(2, data) FROM rt_node;
-**
-** The human readable string takes the form of a Tcl list with one
-** entry for each cell in the r-tree node. Each entry is itself a
-** list, containing the 8-byte rowid/pageno followed by the 
-** <num-dimension>*2 coordinates.
-*/
-static void rtreenode(sqlite3_context *ctx, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
-  char *zText = 0;
-  RtreeNode node;
-  Rtree tree;
-  int ii;
-
-  memset(&node, 0, sizeof(RtreeNode));
-  memset(&tree, 0, sizeof(Rtree));
-  tree.nDim = sqlite3_value_int(apArg[0]);
-  tree.nBytesPerCell = 8 + 8 * tree.nDim;
-  node.zData = (u8 *)sqlite3_value_blob(apArg[1]);
-
-  for(ii=0; ii<NCELL(&node); ii++){
-    char zCell[512];
-    int nCell = 0;
-    RtreeCell cell;
-    int jj;
-
-    nodeGetCell(&tree, &node, ii, &cell);
-    sqlite3_snprintf(512-nCell,&zCell[nCell],"%d", cell.iRowid);
-    nCell = strlen(zCell);
-    for(jj=0; jj<tree.nDim*2; jj++){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(512-nCell,&zCell[nCell]," %f",(double)cell.aCoord[jj].f);
-      nCell = strlen(zCell);
-    }
-
-    if( zText ){
-      char *zTextNew = sqlite3_mprintf("%s {%s}", zText, zCell);
-      sqlite3_free(zText);
-      zText = zTextNew;
-    }else{
-      zText = sqlite3_mprintf("{%s}", zCell);
-    }
-  }
-  
-  sqlite3_result_text(ctx, zText, -1, sqlite3_free);
-}
-
-static void rtreedepth(sqlite3_context *ctx, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(apArg[0])!=SQLITE_BLOB 
-   || sqlite3_value_bytes(apArg[0])<2
-  ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "Invalid argument to rtreedepth()", -1); 
-  }else{
-    u8 *zBlob = (u8 *)sqlite3_value_blob(apArg[0]);
-    sqlite3_result_int(ctx, readInt16(zBlob));
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Register the r-tree module with database handle db. This creates the
-** virtual table module "rtree" and the debugging/analysis scalar 
-** function "rtreenode".
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RtreeInit(sqlite3 *db){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int utf8 = SQLITE_UTF8;
-    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "rtreenode", 2, utf8, 0, rtreenode, 0, 0);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int utf8 = SQLITE_UTF8;
-    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "rtreedepth", 1, utf8, 0,rtreedepth, 0, 0);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    void *c = (void *)RTREE_COORD_REAL32;
-    rc = sqlite3_create_module_v2(db, "rtree", &rtreeModule, c, 0);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    void *c = (void *)RTREE_COORD_INT32;
-    rc = sqlite3_create_module_v2(db, "rtree_i32", &rtreeModule, c, 0);
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#if !SQLITE_CORE
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extension_init(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  char **pzErrMsg,
-  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
-){
-  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi)
-  return sqlite3RtreeInit(db);
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
-/************** End of rtree.c ***********************************************/
-/************** Begin file icu.c *********************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 May 6
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** $Id: sqlite3.c,v 1.1 2010/06/07 15:40:31 cervenansky Exp $
-**
-** This file implements an integration between the ICU library 
-** ("International Components for Unicode", an open-source library 
-** for handling unicode data) and SQLite. The integration uses 
-** ICU to provide the following to SQLite:
-**
-**   * An implementation of the SQL regexp() function (and hence REGEXP
-**     operator) using the ICU uregex_XX() APIs.
-**
-**   * Implementations of the SQL scalar upper() and lower() functions
-**     for case mapping.
-**
-**   * Integration of ICU and SQLite collation seqences.
-**
-**   * An implementation of the LIKE operator that uses ICU to 
-**     provide case-independent matching.
-*/
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU)
-
-/* Include ICU headers */
-#include <unicode/utypes.h>
-#include <unicode/uregex.h>
-#include <unicode/ustring.h>
-#include <unicode/ucol.h>
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
-  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
-#else
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Maximum length (in bytes) of the pattern in a LIKE or GLOB
-** operator.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH
-# define SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH 50000
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Version of sqlite3_free() that is always a function, never a macro.
-*/
-static void xFree(void *p){
-  sqlite3_free(p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Compare two UTF-8 strings for equality where the first string is
-** a "LIKE" expression. Return true (1) if they are the same and 
-** false (0) if they are different.
-*/
-static int icuLikeCompare(
-  const uint8_t *zPattern,   /* LIKE pattern */
-  const uint8_t *zString,    /* The UTF-8 string to compare against */
-  const UChar32 uEsc         /* The escape character */
-){
-  static const int MATCH_ONE = (UChar32)'_';
-  static const int MATCH_ALL = (UChar32)'%';
-
-  int iPattern = 0;       /* Current byte index in zPattern */
-  int iString = 0;        /* Current byte index in zString */
-
-  int prevEscape = 0;     /* True if the previous character was uEsc */
-
-  while( zPattern[iPattern]!=0 ){
-
-    /* Read (and consume) the next character from the input pattern. */
-    UChar32 uPattern;
-    U8_NEXT_UNSAFE(zPattern, iPattern, uPattern);
-    assert(uPattern!=0);
-
-    /* There are now 4 possibilities:
-    **
-    **     1. uPattern is an unescaped match-all character "%",
-    **     2. uPattern is an unescaped match-one character "_",
-    **     3. uPattern is an unescaped escape character, or
-    **     4. uPattern is to be handled as an ordinary character
-    */
-    if( !prevEscape && uPattern==MATCH_ALL ){
-      /* Case 1. */
-      uint8_t c;
-
-      /* Skip any MATCH_ALL or MATCH_ONE characters that follow a
-      ** MATCH_ALL. For each MATCH_ONE, skip one character in the 
-      ** test string.
-      */
-      while( (c=zPattern[iPattern]) == MATCH_ALL || c == MATCH_ONE ){
-        if( c==MATCH_ONE ){
-          if( zString[iString]==0 ) return 0;
-          U8_FWD_1_UNSAFE(zString, iString);
-        }
-        iPattern++;
-      }
-
-      if( zPattern[iPattern]==0 ) return 1;
-
-      while( zString[iString] ){
-        if( icuLikeCompare(&zPattern[iPattern], &zString[iString], uEsc) ){
-          return 1;
-        }
-        U8_FWD_1_UNSAFE(zString, iString);
-      }
-      return 0;
-
-    }else if( !prevEscape && uPattern==MATCH_ONE ){
-      /* Case 2. */
-      if( zString[iString]==0 ) return 0;
-      U8_FWD_1_UNSAFE(zString, iString);
-
-    }else if( !prevEscape && uPattern==uEsc){
-      /* Case 3. */
-      prevEscape = 1;
-
-    }else{
-      /* Case 4. */
-      UChar32 uString;
-      U8_NEXT_UNSAFE(zString, iString, uString);
-      uString = u_foldCase(uString, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
-      uPattern = u_foldCase(uPattern, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
-      if( uString!=uPattern ){
-        return 0;
-      }
-      prevEscape = 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return zString[iString]==0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the like() SQL function.  This function implements
-** the build-in LIKE operator.  The first argument to the function is the
-** pattern and the second argument is the string.  So, the SQL statements:
-**
-**       A LIKE B
-**
-** is implemented as like(B, A). If there is an escape character E, 
-**
-**       A LIKE B ESCAPE E
-**
-** is mapped to like(B, A, E).
-*/
-static void icuLikeFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  int argc, 
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const unsigned char *zA = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  const unsigned char *zB = sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-  UChar32 uEsc = 0;
-
-  /* Limit the length of the LIKE or GLOB pattern to avoid problems
-  ** of deep recursion and N*N behavior in patternCompare().
-  */
-  if( sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0])>SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(context, "LIKE or GLOB pattern too complex", -1);
-    return;
-  }
-
-
-  if( argc==3 ){
-    /* The escape character string must consist of a single UTF-8 character.
-    ** Otherwise, return an error.
-    */
-    int nE= sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[2]);
-    const unsigned char *zE = sqlite3_value_text(argv[2]);
-    int i = 0;
-    if( zE==0 ) return;
-    U8_NEXT(zE, i, nE, uEsc);
-    if( i!=nE){
-      sqlite3_result_error(context, 
-          "ESCAPE expression must be a single character", -1);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( zA && zB ){
-    sqlite3_result_int(context, icuLikeCompare(zA, zB, uEsc));
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called when an ICU function called from within
-** the implementation of an SQL scalar function returns an error.
-**
-** The scalar function context passed as the first argument is 
-** loaded with an error message based on the following two args.
-*/
-static void icuFunctionError(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx,       /* SQLite scalar function context */
-  const char *zName,           /* Name of ICU function that failed */
-  UErrorCode e                 /* Error code returned by ICU function */
-){
-  char zBuf[128];
-  sqlite3_snprintf(128, zBuf, "ICU error: %s(): %s", zName, u_errorName(e));
-  zBuf[127] = '\0';
-  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zBuf, -1);
-}
-
-/*
-** Function to delete compiled regexp objects. Registered as
-** a destructor function with sqlite3_set_auxdata().
-*/
-static void icuRegexpDelete(void *p){
-  URegularExpression *pExpr = (URegularExpression *)p;
-  uregex_close(pExpr);
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of SQLite REGEXP operator. This scalar function takes
-** two arguments. The first is a regular expression pattern to compile
-** the second is a string to match against that pattern. If either 
-** argument is an SQL NULL, then NULL Is returned. Otherwise, the result
-** is 1 if the string matches the pattern, or 0 otherwise.
-**
-** SQLite maps the regexp() function to the regexp() operator such
-** that the following two are equivalent:
-**
-**     zString REGEXP zPattern
-**     regexp(zPattern, zString)
-**
-** Uses the following ICU regexp APIs:
-**
-**     uregex_open()
-**     uregex_matches()
-**     uregex_close()
-*/
-static void icuRegexpFunc(sqlite3_context *p, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
-  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
-  URegularExpression *pExpr;
-  UBool res;
-  const UChar *zString = sqlite3_value_text16(apArg[1]);
-
-  /* If the left hand side of the regexp operator is NULL, 
-  ** then the result is also NULL. 
-  */
-  if( !zString ){
-    return;
-  }
-
-  pExpr = sqlite3_get_auxdata(p, 0);
-  if( !pExpr ){
-    const UChar *zPattern = sqlite3_value_text16(apArg[0]);
-    if( !zPattern ){
-      return;
-    }
-    pExpr = uregex_open(zPattern, -1, 0, 0, &status);
-
-    if( U_SUCCESS(status) ){
-      sqlite3_set_auxdata(p, 0, pExpr, icuRegexpDelete);
-    }else{
-      assert(!pExpr);
-      icuFunctionError(p, "uregex_open", status);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Configure the text that the regular expression operates on. */
-  uregex_setText(pExpr, zString, -1, &status);
-  if( !U_SUCCESS(status) ){
-    icuFunctionError(p, "uregex_setText", status);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  /* Attempt the match */
-  res = uregex_matches(pExpr, 0, &status);
-  if( !U_SUCCESS(status) ){
-    icuFunctionError(p, "uregex_matches", status);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  /* Set the text that the regular expression operates on to a NULL
-  ** pointer. This is not really necessary, but it is tidier than 
-  ** leaving the regular expression object configured with an invalid
-  ** pointer after this function returns.
-  */
-  uregex_setText(pExpr, 0, 0, &status);
-
-  /* Return 1 or 0. */
-  sqlite3_result_int(p, res ? 1 : 0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementations of scalar functions for case mapping - upper() and 
-** lower(). Function upper() converts its input to upper-case (ABC).
-** Function lower() converts to lower-case (abc).
-**
-** ICU provides two types of case mapping, "general" case mapping and
-** "language specific". Refer to ICU documentation for the differences
-** between the two.
-**
-** To utilise "general" case mapping, the upper() or lower() scalar 
-** functions are invoked with one argument:
-**
-**     upper('ABC') -> 'abc'
-**     lower('abc') -> 'ABC'
-**
-** To access ICU "language specific" case mapping, upper() or lower()
-** should be invoked with two arguments. The second argument is the name
-** of the locale to use. Passing an empty string ("") or SQL NULL value
-** as the second argument is the same as invoking the 1 argument version
-** of upper() or lower().
-**
-**     lower('I', 'en_us') -> 'i'
-**     lower('I', 'tr_tr') -> 'ı' (small dotless i)
-**
-** http://www.icu-project.org/userguide/posix.html#case_mappings
-*/
-static void icuCaseFunc16(sqlite3_context *p, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
-  const UChar *zInput;
-  UChar *zOutput;
-  int nInput;
-  int nOutput;
-
-  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
-  const char *zLocale = 0;
-
-  assert(nArg==1 || nArg==2);
-  if( nArg==2 ){
-    zLocale = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(apArg[1]);
-  }
-
-  zInput = sqlite3_value_text16(apArg[0]);
-  if( !zInput ){
-    return;
-  }
-  nInput = sqlite3_value_bytes16(apArg[0]);
-
-  nOutput = nInput * 2 + 2;
-  zOutput = sqlite3_malloc(nOutput);
-  if( !zOutput ){
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if( sqlite3_user_data(p) ){
-    u_strToUpper(zOutput, nOutput/2, zInput, nInput/2, zLocale, &status);
-  }else{
-    u_strToLower(zOutput, nOutput/2, zInput, nInput/2, zLocale, &status);
-  }
-
-  if( !U_SUCCESS(status) ){
-    icuFunctionError(p, "u_strToLower()/u_strToUpper", status);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_result_text16(p, zOutput, -1, xFree);
-}
-
-/*
-** Collation sequence destructor function. The pCtx argument points to
-** a UCollator structure previously allocated using ucol_open().
-*/
-static void icuCollationDel(void *pCtx){
-  UCollator *p = (UCollator *)pCtx;
-  ucol_close(p);
-}
-
-/*
-** Collation sequence comparison function. The pCtx argument points to
-** a UCollator structure previously allocated using ucol_open().
-*/
-static int icuCollationColl(
-  void *pCtx,
-  int nLeft,
-  const void *zLeft,
-  int nRight,
-  const void *zRight
-){
-  UCollationResult res;
-  UCollator *p = (UCollator *)pCtx;
-  res = ucol_strcoll(p, (UChar *)zLeft, nLeft/2, (UChar *)zRight, nRight/2);
-  switch( res ){
-    case UCOL_LESS:    return -1;
-    case UCOL_GREATER: return +1;
-    case UCOL_EQUAL:   return 0;
-  }
-  assert(!"Unexpected return value from ucol_strcoll()");
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the scalar function icu_load_collation().
-**
-** This scalar function is used to add ICU collation based collation 
-** types to an SQLite database connection. It is intended to be called
-** as follows:
-**
-**     SELECT icu_load_collation(<locale>, <collation-name>);
-**
-** Where <locale> is a string containing an ICU locale identifier (i.e.
-** "en_AU", "tr_TR" etc.) and <collation-name> is the name of the
-** collation sequence to create.
-*/
-static void icuLoadCollation(
-  sqlite3_context *p, 
-  int nArg, 
-  sqlite3_value **apArg
-){
-  sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3 *)sqlite3_user_data(p);
-  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
-  const char *zLocale;      /* Locale identifier - (eg. "jp_JP") */
-  const char *zName;        /* SQL Collation sequence name (eg. "japanese") */
-  UCollator *pUCollator;    /* ICU library collation object */
-  int rc;                   /* Return code from sqlite3_create_collation_x() */
-
-  assert(nArg==2);
-  zLocale = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(apArg[0]);
-  zName = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(apArg[1]);
-
-  if( !zLocale || !zName ){
-    return;
-  }
-
-  pUCollator = ucol_open(zLocale, &status);
-  if( !U_SUCCESS(status) ){
-    icuFunctionError(p, "ucol_open", status);
-    return;
-  }
-  assert(p);
-
-  rc = sqlite3_create_collation_v2(db, zName, SQLITE_UTF16, (void *)pUCollator, 
-      icuCollationColl, icuCollationDel
-  );
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    ucol_close(pUCollator);
-    sqlite3_result_error(p, "Error registering collation function", -1);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Register the ICU extension functions with database db.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IcuInit(sqlite3 *db){
-  struct IcuScalar {
-    const char *zName;                        /* Function name */
-    int nArg;                                 /* Number of arguments */
-    int enc;                                  /* Optimal text encoding */
-    void *pContext;                           /* sqlite3_user_data() context */
-    void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
-  } scalars[] = {
-    {"regexp", 2, SQLITE_ANY,          0, icuRegexpFunc},
-
-    {"lower",  1, SQLITE_UTF16,        0, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"lower",  2, SQLITE_UTF16,        0, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"upper",  1, SQLITE_UTF16, (void*)1, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"upper",  2, SQLITE_UTF16, (void*)1, icuCaseFunc16},
-
-    {"lower",  1, SQLITE_UTF8,         0, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"lower",  2, SQLITE_UTF8,         0, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"upper",  1, SQLITE_UTF8,  (void*)1, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"upper",  2, SQLITE_UTF8,  (void*)1, icuCaseFunc16},
-
-    {"like",   2, SQLITE_UTF8,         0, icuLikeFunc},
-    {"like",   3, SQLITE_UTF8,         0, icuLikeFunc},
-
-    {"icu_load_collation",  2, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)db, icuLoadCollation},
-  };
-
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int i;
-
-  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<(sizeof(scalars)/sizeof(struct IcuScalar)); i++){
-    struct IcuScalar *p = &scalars[i];
-    rc = sqlite3_create_function(
-        db, p->zName, p->nArg, p->enc, p->pContext, p->xFunc, 0, 0
-    );
-  }
-
-  return rc;
-}
-
-#if !SQLITE_CORE
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extension_init(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  char **pzErrMsg,
-  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
-){
-  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi)
-  return sqlite3IcuInit(db);
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
-/************** End of icu.c *************************************************/
-/************** Begin file fts3_icu.c ****************************************/
-/*
-** 2007 June 22
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This file implements a tokenizer for fts3 based on the ICU library.
-** 
-** $Id: sqlite3.c,v 1.1 2010/06/07 15:40:31 cervenansky Exp $
-*/
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
-
-
-#include <unicode/ubrk.h>
-#include <unicode/utf16.h>
-
-typedef struct IcuTokenizer IcuTokenizer;
-typedef struct IcuCursor IcuCursor;
-
-struct IcuTokenizer {
-  sqlite3_tokenizer base;
-  char *zLocale;
-};
-
-struct IcuCursor {
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor base;
-
-  UBreakIterator *pIter;      /* ICU break-iterator object */
-  int nChar;                  /* Number of UChar elements in pInput */
-  UChar *aChar;               /* Copy of input using utf-16 encoding */
-  int *aOffset;               /* Offsets of each character in utf-8 input */
-
-  int nBuffer;
-  char *zBuffer;
-
-  int iToken;
-};
-
-/*
-** Create a new tokenizer instance.
-*/
-static int icuCreate(
-  int argc,                            /* Number of entries in argv[] */
-  const char * const *argv,            /* Tokenizer creation arguments */
-  sqlite3_tokenizer **ppTokenizer      /* OUT: Created tokenizer */
-){
-  IcuTokenizer *p;
-  int n = 0;
-
-  if( argc>0 ){
-    n = strlen(argv[0])+1;
-  }
-  p = (IcuTokenizer *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(IcuTokenizer)+n);
-  if( !p ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  memset(p, 0, sizeof(IcuTokenizer));
-
-  if( n ){
-    p->zLocale = (char *)&p[1];
-    memcpy(p->zLocale, argv[0], n);
-  }
-
-  *ppTokenizer = (sqlite3_tokenizer *)p;
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Destroy a tokenizer
-*/
-static int icuDestroy(sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer){
-  IcuTokenizer *p = (IcuTokenizer *)pTokenizer;
-  sqlite3_free(p);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Prepare to begin tokenizing a particular string.  The input
-** string to be tokenized is pInput[0..nBytes-1].  A cursor
-** used to incrementally tokenize this string is returned in 
-** *ppCursor.
-*/
-static int icuOpen(
-  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer,         /* The tokenizer */
-  const char *zInput,                    /* Input string */
-  int nInput,                            /* Length of zInput in bytes */
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor **ppCursor    /* OUT: Tokenization cursor */
-){
-  IcuTokenizer *p = (IcuTokenizer *)pTokenizer;
-  IcuCursor *pCsr;
-
-  const int32_t opt = U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT;
-  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
-  int nChar;
-
-  UChar32 c;
-  int iInput = 0;
-  int iOut = 0;
-
-  *ppCursor = 0;
-
-  if( nInput<0 ){
-    nInput = strlen(zInput);
-  }
-  nChar = nInput+1;
-  pCsr = (IcuCursor *)sqlite3_malloc(
-      sizeof(IcuCursor) +                /* IcuCursor */
-      nChar * sizeof(UChar) +            /* IcuCursor.aChar[] */
-      (nChar+1) * sizeof(int)            /* IcuCursor.aOffset[] */
-  );
-  if( !pCsr ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(IcuCursor));
-  pCsr->aChar = (UChar *)&pCsr[1];
-  pCsr->aOffset = (int *)&pCsr->aChar[nChar];
-
-  pCsr->aOffset[iOut] = iInput;
-  U8_NEXT(zInput, iInput, nInput, c); 
-  while( c>0 ){
-    int isError = 0;
-    c = u_foldCase(c, opt);
-    U16_APPEND(pCsr->aChar, iOut, nChar, c, isError);
-    if( isError ){
-      sqlite3_free(pCsr);
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    pCsr->aOffset[iOut] = iInput;
-
-    if( iInput<nInput ){
-      U8_NEXT(zInput, iInput, nInput, c);
-    }else{
-      c = 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  pCsr->pIter = ubrk_open(UBRK_WORD, p->zLocale, pCsr->aChar, iOut, &status);
-  if( !U_SUCCESS(status) ){
-    sqlite3_free(pCsr);
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  pCsr->nChar = iOut;
-
-  ubrk_first(pCsr->pIter);
-  *ppCursor = (sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *)pCsr;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Close a tokenization cursor previously opened by a call to icuOpen().
-*/
-static int icuClose(sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor){
-  IcuCursor *pCsr = (IcuCursor *)pCursor;
-  ubrk_close(pCsr->pIter);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->zBuffer);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Extract the next token from a tokenization cursor.
-*/
-static int icuNext(
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor,  /* Cursor returned by simpleOpen */
-  const char **ppToken,               /* OUT: *ppToken is the token text */
-  int *pnBytes,                       /* OUT: Number of bytes in token */
-  int *piStartOffset,                 /* OUT: Starting offset of token */
-  int *piEndOffset,                   /* OUT: Ending offset of token */
-  int *piPosition                     /* OUT: Position integer of token */
-){
-  IcuCursor *pCsr = (IcuCursor *)pCursor;
-
-  int iStart = 0;
-  int iEnd = 0;
-  int nByte = 0;
-
-  while( iStart==iEnd ){
-    UChar32 c;
-
-    iStart = ubrk_current(pCsr->pIter);
-    iEnd = ubrk_next(pCsr->pIter);
-    if( iEnd==UBRK_DONE ){
-      return SQLITE_DONE;
-    }
-
-    while( iStart<iEnd ){
-      int iWhite = iStart;
-      U8_NEXT(pCsr->aChar, iWhite, pCsr->nChar, c);
-      if( u_isspace(c) ){
-        iStart = iWhite;
-      }else{
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    assert(iStart<=iEnd);
-  }
-
-  do {
-    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
-    if( nByte ){
-      char *zNew = sqlite3_realloc(pCsr->zBuffer, nByte);
-      if( !zNew ){
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-      pCsr->zBuffer = zNew;
-      pCsr->nBuffer = nByte;
-    }
-
-    u_strToUTF8(
-        pCsr->zBuffer, pCsr->nBuffer, &nByte,    /* Output vars */
-        &pCsr->aChar[iStart], iEnd-iStart,       /* Input vars */
-        &status                                  /* Output success/failure */
-    );
-  } while( nByte>pCsr->nBuffer );
-
-  *ppToken = pCsr->zBuffer;
-  *pnBytes = nByte;
-  *piStartOffset = pCsr->aOffset[iStart];
-  *piEndOffset = pCsr->aOffset[iEnd];
-  *piPosition = pCsr->iToken++;
-
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** The set of routines that implement the simple tokenizer
-*/
-static const sqlite3_tokenizer_module icuTokenizerModule = {
-  0,                           /* iVersion */
-  icuCreate,                   /* xCreate  */
-  icuDestroy,                  /* xCreate  */
-  icuOpen,                     /* xOpen    */
-  icuClose,                    /* xClose   */
-  icuNext,                     /* xNext    */
-};
-
-/*
-** Set *ppModule to point at the implementation of the ICU tokenizer.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
-  sqlite3_tokenizer_module const**ppModule
-){
-  *ppModule = &icuTokenizerModule;
-}
-
-#endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) */
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) */
-
-/************** End of fts3_icu.c ********************************************/

diff --git a/win64/sqlite/sqlite3.def b/win64/sqlite/sqlite3.def
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 643ffbf..0000000
--- a/win64/sqlite/sqlite3.def
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-EXPORTS
-sqlite3_aggregate_context
-sqlite3_aggregate_count
-sqlite3_auto_extension
-sqlite3_backup_finish
-sqlite3_backup_init
-sqlite3_backup_pagecount
-sqlite3_backup_remaining
-sqlite3_backup_step
-sqlite3_bind_blob
-sqlite3_bind_double
-sqlite3_bind_int
-sqlite3_bind_int64
-sqlite3_bind_null
-sqlite3_bind_parameter_count
-sqlite3_bind_parameter_index
-sqlite3_bind_parameter_name
-sqlite3_bind_text
-sqlite3_bind_text16
-sqlite3_bind_value
-sqlite3_bind_zeroblob
-sqlite3_blob_bytes
-sqlite3_blob_close
-sqlite3_blob_open
-sqlite3_blob_read
-sqlite3_blob_write
-sqlite3_busy_handler
-sqlite3_busy_timeout
-sqlite3_changes
-sqlite3_clear_bindings
-sqlite3_close
-sqlite3_collation_needed
-sqlite3_collation_needed16
-sqlite3_column_blob
-sqlite3_column_bytes
-sqlite3_column_bytes16
-sqlite3_column_count
-sqlite3_column_database_name
-sqlite3_column_database_name16
-sqlite3_column_decltype
-sqlite3_column_decltype16
-sqlite3_column_double
-sqlite3_column_int
-sqlite3_column_int64
-sqlite3_column_name
-sqlite3_column_name16
-sqlite3_column_origin_name
-sqlite3_column_origin_name16
-sqlite3_column_table_name
-sqlite3_column_table_name16
-sqlite3_column_text
-sqlite3_column_text16
-sqlite3_column_type
-sqlite3_column_value
-sqlite3_commit_hook
-sqlite3_compileoption_get
-sqlite3_compileoption_used
-sqlite3_complete
-sqlite3_complete16
-sqlite3_config
-sqlite3_context_db_handle
-sqlite3_create_collation
-sqlite3_create_collation16
-sqlite3_create_collation_v2
-sqlite3_create_function
-sqlite3_create_function16
-sqlite3_create_module
-sqlite3_create_module_v2
-sqlite3_data_count
-sqlite3_db_config
-sqlite3_db_handle
-sqlite3_db_mutex
-sqlite3_db_status
-sqlite3_declare_vtab
-sqlite3_enable_load_extension
-sqlite3_enable_shared_cache
-sqlite3_errcode
-sqlite3_errmsg
-sqlite3_errmsg16
-sqlite3_exec
-sqlite3_expired
-sqlite3_extended_errcode
-sqlite3_extended_result_codes
-sqlite3_file_control
-sqlite3_finalize
-sqlite3_free
-sqlite3_free_table
-sqlite3_get_autocommit
-sqlite3_get_auxdata
-sqlite3_get_table
-sqlite3_global_recover
-sqlite3_initialize
-sqlite3_interrupt
-sqlite3_last_insert_rowid
-sqlite3_libversion
-sqlite3_libversion_number
-sqlite3_limit
-sqlite3_load_extension
-sqlite3_log
-sqlite3_malloc
-sqlite3_memory_alarm
-sqlite3_memory_highwater
-sqlite3_memory_used
-sqlite3_mprintf
-sqlite3_mutex_alloc
-sqlite3_mutex_enter
-sqlite3_mutex_free
-sqlite3_mutex_leave
-sqlite3_mutex_try
-sqlite3_next_stmt
-sqlite3_open
-sqlite3_open16
-sqlite3_open_v2
-sqlite3_os_end
-sqlite3_os_init
-sqlite3_overload_function
-sqlite3_prepare
-sqlite3_prepare16
-sqlite3_prepare16_v2
-sqlite3_prepare_v2
-sqlite3_profile
-sqlite3_progress_handler
-sqlite3_randomness
-sqlite3_realloc
-sqlite3_release_memory
-sqlite3_reset
-sqlite3_reset_auto_extension
-sqlite3_result_blob
-sqlite3_result_double
-sqlite3_result_error
-sqlite3_result_error16
-sqlite3_result_error_code
-sqlite3_result_error_nomem
-sqlite3_result_error_toobig
-sqlite3_result_int
-sqlite3_result_int64
-sqlite3_result_null
-sqlite3_result_text
-sqlite3_result_text16
-sqlite3_result_text16be
-sqlite3_result_text16le
-sqlite3_result_value
-sqlite3_result_zeroblob
-sqlite3_rollback_hook
-sqlite3_set_authorizer
-sqlite3_set_auxdata
-sqlite3_shutdown
-sqlite3_sleep
-sqlite3_snprintf
-sqlite3_soft_heap_limit
-sqlite3_sourceid
-sqlite3_sql
-sqlite3_status
-sqlite3_step
-sqlite3_stmt_status
-sqlite3_strnicmp
-sqlite3_table_column_metadata
-sqlite3_test_control
-sqlite3_thread_cleanup
-sqlite3_threadsafe
-sqlite3_total_changes
-sqlite3_trace
-sqlite3_transfer_bindings
-sqlite3_update_hook
-sqlite3_user_data
-sqlite3_value_blob
-sqlite3_value_bytes
-sqlite3_value_bytes16
-sqlite3_value_double
-sqlite3_value_int
-sqlite3_value_int64
-sqlite3_value_numeric_type
-sqlite3_value_text
-sqlite3_value_text16
-sqlite3_value_text16be
-sqlite3_value_text16le
-sqlite3_value_type
-sqlite3_version
-sqlite3_vfs_find
-sqlite3_vfs_register
-sqlite3_vfs_unregister
-sqlite3_vmprintf
-sqlite3_win32_mbcs_to_utf8

diff --git a/win64/sqlite/sqlite3.h b/win64/sqlite/sqlite3.h
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index d72fdbd..0000000
--- a/win64/sqlite/sqlite3.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5734 +0,0 @@
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
-** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
-** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
-** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
-** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
-**
-** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
-** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
-** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
-** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
-** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
-**
-** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
-** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
-** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
-**
-** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
-** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
-** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
-** part of the build process.
-*/
-#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
-#define _SQLITE3_H_
-#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
-
-/*
-** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
-*/
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Add the ability to override 'extern'
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
-# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_API
-# define SQLITE_API
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
-** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
-** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
-** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
-** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
-**
-** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
-** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
-** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
-** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
-** noop macros.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
-#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
-
-/*
-** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
-# undef SQLITE_VERSION
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
-# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
-**
-** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
-** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
-** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
-** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
-** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
-** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
-** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
-** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
-** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
-** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
-** and Z will be reset to zero.
-**
-** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
-** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
-** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evalutes to
-** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
-** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
-** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
-** hash of the entire source tree.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
-** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
-** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
-*/
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.6.23.1"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3006023
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2010-03-26 22:28:06 b078b588d617e07886ad156e9f54ade6d823568e"
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
-**
-** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
-** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
-** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
-** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
-** the header, and thus insure that the application is
-** compiled with matching library and header files.
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
-** </pre></blockquote>)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
-** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
-** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
-** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
-** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
-** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
-** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
-** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1 
-** indicating whether the specified option was defined at 
-** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the 
-** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().  
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows interating
-** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
-** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
-** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_ 
-** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by 
-** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
-**
-** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
-** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifing the 
-** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
-**
-** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
-** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
-** SQLite was compiled mutexing code omitted due to the
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
-**
-** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
-** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0, 
-** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
-** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
-**
-** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
-** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
-** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
-** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
-**
-** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
-** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
-** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
-**
-** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
-** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
-** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
-** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
-** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
-** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
-** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
-** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
-** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
-** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
-**
-** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
-** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
-**
-** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
-** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
-** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
-** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
-** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
-** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
-** sqlite3 object.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
-**
-** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
-** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
-**
-** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
-** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
-** compatibility only.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
-** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
-** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values 
-** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
-  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
-#else
-  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
-#endif
-typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
-typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
-
-/*
-** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
-** substitute integer for floating-point.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-# define double sqlite3_int64
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_close() routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
-** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() return SQLITE_OK if the [sqlite3] object is
-** successfullly destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
-**
-** Applications must [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
-** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
-** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
-** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
-** outstanding [prepared statements] or [BLOB handles], then it returns
-** SQLITE_BUSY.
-**
-** ^If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
-** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
-**
-** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
-** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
-** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
-** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
-** ^Calling sqlite3_close() with a NULL pointer argument is a 
-** harmless no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
-
-/*
-** The type for a callback function.
-** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
-** compatibility and is not documented.
-*/
-typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
-**
-** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
-** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
-** without having to use a lot of C code. 
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
-** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
-** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
-** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
-** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
-** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
-** to sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
-** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
-** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
-** ignored.
-**
-** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
-** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
-** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
-** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
-** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
-** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
-** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
-** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
-** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
-** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
-** NULL before returning.
-**
-** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
-** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
-** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
-**
-** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
-** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
-** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
-** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
-** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
-** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
-** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
-** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
-** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
-**
-** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
-** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or 
-** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
-** is not changed.
-**
-** Restrictions:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
-**      is a valid and open [database connection].
-** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
-**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
-** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
-**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
-** </ul>
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
-  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
-  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
-  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
-  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
-  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
-** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
-** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
-**
-** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
-** here in order to indicates success or failure.
-**
-** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
-**
-** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes]
-*/
-#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
-/* beginning-of-error-codes */
-#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
-#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
-#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
-#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
-#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
-#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
-#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
-#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
-#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
-#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
-#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
-#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* NOT USED. Table or record not found */
-#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
-#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
-#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* NOT USED. Database lock protocol error */
-#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
-#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
-#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
-#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
-#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
-#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
-#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
-#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
-#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
-#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
-#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
-#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
-/* end-of-error-codes */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
-** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
-** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
-**
-** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
-** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
-** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
-** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
-** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
-** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
-** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
-** on a per database connection basis using the
-** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
-**
-** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
-** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
-** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
-** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
-**
-** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
-** be exactly zero.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
-#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED | (1<<8) )
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
-**
-** These bit values are intended for use in the
-** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
-** in the 4th parameter to the xOpen method of the
-** [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
-**
-** The xDeviceCapabilities method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
-** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
-** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
-** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
-** refers to.
-**
-** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
-** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
-** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
-** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
-** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
-** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
-** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
-** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
-** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
-** to xWrite().
-*/
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC          0x00000001
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512       0x00000002
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K        0x00000004
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K        0x00000008
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K        0x00000010
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K        0x00000020
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K       0x00000040
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K       0x00000080
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K       0x00000100
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND     0x00000200
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL      0x00000400
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
-**
-** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
-** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
-** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
-**
-** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
-** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
-** these integer values as the second argument.
-**
-** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
-** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
-** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
-** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
-** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
-** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
-*/
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
-**
-** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the 
-** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
-** implementations will
-** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
-** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
-** I/O operations on the open file.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
-struct sqlite3_file {
-  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
-**
-** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method populates an
-** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
-** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
-** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
-** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
-**
-** If the xOpen method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element 
-** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
-** may be invoked even if the xOpen reported that it failed.  The
-** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed xOpen
-** is for the xOpen to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element to NULL.
-**
-** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
-** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
-** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
-** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
-** and not its inode needs to be synced.
-**
-** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
-** </ul>
-** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
-** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
-** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
-** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
-** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
-**
-** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
-** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
-** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
-** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
-** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
-** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
-** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
-** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
-** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
-** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
-** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
-** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
-** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.
-**
-** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
-** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
-** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
-** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
-** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
-** underlying device:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
-** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
-** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
-** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
-** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
-** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
-** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
-** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
-** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
-** to xWrite().
-**
-** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
-** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
-** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
-** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
-** database corruption.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
-struct sqlite3_io_methods {
-  int iVersion;
-  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
-  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
-  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
-  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
-  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
-  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
-  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
-  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
-  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
-  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
-  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
-  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
-  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
-**
-** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
-** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
-** interface.
-**
-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
-** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
-** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
-** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
-** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
-** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
-** is defined.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE        1
-#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      2
-#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      3
-#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             4
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
-**
-** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
-** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
-** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
-** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
-**
-** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
-**
-** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
-** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
-** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".
-**
-** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
-** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
-** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
-** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
-** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
-** modified.
-**
-** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
-** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
-** a pathname in this VFS.
-**
-** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
-** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
-** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
-** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
-** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
-** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
-**
-** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
-** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
-** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
-** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
-** object once the object has been registered.
-**
-** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
-** be unique across all VFS modules.
-**
-** SQLite will guarantee that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
-** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
-** from xFullPathname().  SQLite further guarantees that
-** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
-** called. Because of the previous sentence,
-** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
-** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
-** If the zFilename parameter is xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
-** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  Whenever the 
-** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
-** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
-**
-** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
-** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
-** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. 
-** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
-** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
-**
-** SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
-** call, depending on the object being opened:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
-** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
-** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
-** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
-** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
-** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
-** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
-** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
-**
-** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
-** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
-** deleted when it is closed.  The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
-** will be set for TEMP  databases, journals and for subjournals.
-**
-** The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
-** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
-** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
-** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the 
-** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
-** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
-** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened 
-** for exclusive access.
-**
-** At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
-** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
-** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
-** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
-** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
-** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
-** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
-** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
-** or failure of the xOpen call.
-**
-** The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
-** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
-** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
-** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
-** directory.
-**
-** SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
-** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
-** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
-** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
-** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
-** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
-**
-** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), and xCurrentTime() interfaces
-** are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
-** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
-** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
-** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
-** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
-** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
-** least the number of microseconds given.  The xCurrentTime()
-** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time.
-**
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
-struct sqlite3_vfs {
-  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number */
-  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
-  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
-  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
-  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
-  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
-  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
-               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
-  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
-  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
-  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
-  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
-  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
-  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
-  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
-  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
-  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
-  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
-  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
-  /* New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
-  ** value will increment whenever this happens. */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
-**
-** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
-** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
-** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
-** simply checks whether the file exists.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
-** checks whether the file is both readable and writable.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
-** checks whether the file is readable.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
-** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
-** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
-** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
-** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
-** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
-**
-** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
-** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
-** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
-** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
-** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
-** are harmless no-ops.)^
-**
-** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
-** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
-** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
-** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
-**
-** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
-** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
-** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
-** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
-** sqlite3_shutdown().
-**
-** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
-** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
-** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
-** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
-** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
-** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
-** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
-** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
-** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
-** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
-** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
-** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
-** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
-** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
-** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
-** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
-** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
-** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
-** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
-**
-** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
-** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
-** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
-** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
-** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
-** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
-** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
-**
-** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
-** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
-** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
-** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
-** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
-** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
-** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
-** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
-** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
-** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
-** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
-** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
-** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
-** failure.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
-**
-** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
-** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
-** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
-** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
-** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
-**
-** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
-** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
-** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
-** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
-** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
-** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
-** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
-** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
-** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
-**
-** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option] that determines
-** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
-** vary depending on the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option]
-** in the first argument.
-**
-** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
-** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
-** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
-** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
-** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
-** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).  The
-** sqlite3_db_config() interface should only be used immediately after
-** the database connection is created using [sqlite3_open()],
-** [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()].  
-**
-** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
-** configuration verb - an integer code that indicates what
-** aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
-** The only choice for this value is [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE].
-** New verbs are likely to be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Additional arguments depend on the verb.
-**
-** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
-** the call is considered successful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
-** and low-level memory allocation routines.
-**
-** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
-** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
-** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].  
-** By creating an instance of this object
-** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
-** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
-** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
-** dynamic memory needs.
-**
-** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
-** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
-** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
-** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
-** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
-** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
-** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
-** conditions.
-**
-** The xMalloc and xFree methods must work like the
-** malloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
-** The xRealloc method must work like realloc() from the standard C library
-** with the exception that if the second argument to xRealloc is zero,
-** xRealloc must be a no-op - it must not perform any allocation or
-** deallocation.  ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
-** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
-** And so in cases where xRoundup always returns a positive number,
-** xRealloc can perform exactly as the standard library realloc() and
-** still be in compliance with this specification.
-**
-** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
-** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
-** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
-**
-** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
-** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
-** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
-** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
-** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
-** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0, 
-** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
-**
-** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
-** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
-** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
-** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
-** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
-** xInit and xShutdown.
-**
-** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
-** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
-** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
-** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
-** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
-** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
-** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
-** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
-** serialization.
-**
-** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
-** call to xShutdown().
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
-struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
-  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
-  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
-  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
-  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
-  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
-  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
-  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
-  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
-** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
-**
-** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
-** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
-** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
-** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
-** is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
-** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
-** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
-** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return 
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
-** configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
-** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
-** The application is responsible for serializing access to
-** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
-** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
-** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
-** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
-** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
-** all mutexes including the recursive
-** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
-** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
-** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
-** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
-** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
-** ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
-** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
-** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
-** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
-** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
-** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
-** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
-** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
-** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
-** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a 
-** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation 
-** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the 
-** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
-**   <ul>
-**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
-**   </ul>)^
-** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
-** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
-** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
-** </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
-** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
-** aligned memory buffer from which the scrach allocations will be
-** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
-** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
-** argument must be a multiple of 16. The sz parameter should be a few bytes
-** larger than the actual scratch space required due to internal overhead.
-** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
-** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will use no more than one scratch buffer per thread.  So
-** N should be set to the expected maximum number of threads.  ^SQLite will
-** never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6 times the database
-** page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional scratch memory beyond 
-** what is provided by this configuration option, then 
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
-** the database page cache with the default page cache implemenation.  
-** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
-** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE option.
-** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
-** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
-** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
-** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
-** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
-** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
-** to make sz a little too large.  The first
-** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
-** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
-** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
-** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
-** ^The implementation might use one or more of the N buffers to hold 
-** memory accounting information. The pointer in the first argument must
-** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
-** will be undefined.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
-** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
-** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
-** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
-** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
-** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
-** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
-** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
-** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
-** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
-** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
-** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
-** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
-** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
-** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
-** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
-** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
-** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
-** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
-** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
-** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
-** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
-** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
-** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
-** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
-** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
-** [database connection].  The first argument is the
-** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
-** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
-** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
-** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
-** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
-** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  This object specifies the interface
-** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
-** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  SQLite copies of the current
-** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
-/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */ 
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
-** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
-**
-** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
-** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
-** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
-** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
-** is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the 
-** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
-** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
-** pointer to an memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
-** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
-** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
-** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
-** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
-** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
-** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
-** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
-** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
-** rounded down to the next smaller
-** multiple of 8.  See also: [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]</dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE    1001  /* void* int int */
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
-** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
-** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
-**
-** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
-** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
-** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
-** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
-** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
-** is another alias for the rowid.
-**
-** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
-** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
-** in the first argument.  ^If no successful [INSERT]s
-** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
-**
-** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger, then the [rowid] of the inserted
-** row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger is running.
-** But once the trigger terminates, the value returned by this routine
-** reverts to the last value inserted before the trigger fired.)^
-**
-** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
-** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
-** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
-** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
-** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
-** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
-** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
-** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
-** the return value of this interface.)^
-**
-** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
-** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
-**
-** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
-** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
-** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
-** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
-** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
-** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
-** last insert [rowid].
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
-** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
-** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
-** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
-** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
-** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
-** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
-** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
-**
-** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
-** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
-**
-** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
-** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
-** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
-** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
-** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
-**
-** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
-** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger]. 
-** Most SQL statements are
-** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
-** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
-** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
-** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
-**
-** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
-** not create a new trigger context.
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
-** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
-** trigger context.
-**
-** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
-** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
-** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
-** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** statement within the body of the same trigger.
-** However, the number returned does not include changes
-** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
-** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
-** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
-** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
-** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
-** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
-** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
-** [foreign key actions]. However,
-** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
-** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
-** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
-** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes 
-** are counted.)^
-** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
-** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
-** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
-** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
-** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
-** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
-**
-** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
-** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
-** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
-** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
-** immediately.
-**
-** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
-** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
-** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
-** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
-**
-** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
-** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
-** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
-**
-** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
-** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
-** will be rolled back automatically.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
-** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the 
-** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
-** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
-** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
-** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
-** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
-** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
-**
-** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
-** is running then bad things will likely happen.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
-**
-** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
-** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
-** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
-** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
-** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
-** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
-** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
-** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
-** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
-** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
-** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
-**
-** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
-** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
-**
-** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
-** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
-**
-** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior 
-** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
-** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
-** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
-** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
-**
-** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
-** UTF-8 string.
-**
-** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
-** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
-**
-** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
-** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
-** or process has locked.
-**
-** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
-** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
-** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
-**
-** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
-** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
-** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
-** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
-** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
-** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
-** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
-** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
-**
-** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
-** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
-** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
-** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
-** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
-** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
-** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
-** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
-** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
-** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
-** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
-** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
-** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
-** the second process to proceed.
-**
-** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
-**
-** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
-** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
-** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
-** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
-** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
-** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
-** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
-** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
-** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
-** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
-** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
-** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
-** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
-** this is important.
-**
-** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
-** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
-** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
-** will also set or clear the busy handler.
-**
-** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
-** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
-** result in undefined behavior.
-** 
-** A busy handler must not close the database connection
-** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
-**
-** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
-** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
-** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
-** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
-** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
-** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
-**
-** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
-** turns off all busy handlers.
-**
-** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
-** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
-** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
-** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
-**
-** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
-** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
-** complete query results from one or more queries.
-**
-** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
-** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
-** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
-** and M be the number of columns.
-**
-** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
-** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
-** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
-** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
-** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
-** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
-**
-** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
-** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
-** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
-**
-** As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
-** is as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**        Name        | Age
-**        -----------------------
-**        Alice       | 43
-**        Bob         | 28
-**        Cindy       | 21
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
-** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
-** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
-**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
-**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
-**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
-**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
-**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
-**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
-**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
-** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
-** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
-** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
-**
-** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
-** it should pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
-** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
-** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
-** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
-** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
-** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
-** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
-** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
-** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()].)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
-  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
-  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
-  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
-  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
-  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
-);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
-**
-** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
-** from the standard C library.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
-** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
-** The strings returned by these two routines should be
-** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
-** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
-** memory to hold the resulting string.
-**
-** ^(In sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
-** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
-** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
-** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
-** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
-** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
-** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
-** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
-** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
-** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
-** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
-** now without breaking compatibility.
-**
-** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
-** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
-** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
-** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
-** written will be n-1 characters.
-**
-** These routines all implement some additional formatting
-** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
-** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
-** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
-**
-** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a null-terminated
-** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
-** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
-** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
-** the string.
-**
-** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
-**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
-**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
-** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
-** would have looked like this:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
-** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
-**
-** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
-** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
-** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
-** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
-**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
-**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
-** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
-** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
-** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
-**
-** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
-** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
-** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
-** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
-** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
-** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
-** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
-** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
-** a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
-** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
-** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
-** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
-** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
-** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
-** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
-** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
-** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
-** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
-** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
-** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
-** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
-** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
-** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
-** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
-** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
-** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
-** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
-** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
-** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
-** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
-** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
-** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
-** is not freed.
-**
-** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
-** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary.
-**
-** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
-** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
-** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
-** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
-**
-** The Windows OS interface layer calls
-** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
-** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
-** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
-** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
-** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
-** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
-**
-** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
-** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
-** not yet been released.
-**
-** The application must not read or write any part of
-** a block of memory after it has been released using
-** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
-**
-** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
-** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
-** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
-** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
-** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
-** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
-** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
-** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
-** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
-** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
-**
-** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
-** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
-** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
-** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
-** prior to the reset.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
-**
-** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
-** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
-** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
-** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
-** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
-**
-** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
-**
-** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
-** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
-** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
-** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
-** method.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
-**
-** ^This routine registers a authorizer callback with a particular
-** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
-** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
-** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
-** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
-** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
-** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
-** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
-** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
-** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
-** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
-** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
-** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
-** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
-** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
-**
-** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
-** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
-** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
-** access is denied. 
-**
-** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
-** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
-** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
-** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
-** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
-** details about the action to be authorized.
-**
-** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
-** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
-** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
-** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
-** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
-** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
-** columns of a table.
-** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
-** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
-** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
-**
-** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
-** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
-** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
-** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
-** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
-** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
-** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
-** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
-** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
-** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
-**
-** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
-** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
-** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
-** in addition to using an authorizer.
-**
-** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
-** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
-** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
-** The authorizer is disabled by default.
-**
-** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
-** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a 
-** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
-** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
-**
-** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
-** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
-** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
-** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
-** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
-  sqlite3*,
-  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
-  void *pUserData
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
-**
-** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
-** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
-** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
-** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
-** information.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
-#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
-**
-** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
-** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
-** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
-** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
-** the authorizer callback may be passed.
-**
-** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
-** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
-** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
-** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
-** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
-** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
-** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
-** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
-** top-level SQL code.
-*/
-/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
-#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
-#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
-#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
-#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
-#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
-#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
-** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
-**
-** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
-** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
-** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
-** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
-** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
-** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
-** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
-**
-** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
-** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
-** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
-** of how long that statement took to run.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
-   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
-**
-** ^This routine configures a callback function - the
-** progress callback - that is invoked periodically during long
-** running calls to [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and
-** [sqlite3_get_table()].  An example use for this
-** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
-**
-** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
-** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
-** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
-**
-** The progress handler must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
-**
-** ^These routines open an SQLite database file whose name is given by the
-** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
-** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
-** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
-** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
-** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
-** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
-** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
-** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
-** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
-**
-** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
-** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
-** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
-**
-** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
-** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
-** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
-**
-** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
-** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
-** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
-** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
-** the following three values, optionally combined with the 
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
-** and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flags:)^
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
-** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
-** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
-** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is creates it if
-** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-**
-** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
-** combinations shown above or one of the combinations shown above combined
-** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX],
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flags,
-** then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
-** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
-** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
-** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
-** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
-** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
-** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
-** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
-** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
-**
-** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
-** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
-** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
-** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
-** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
-** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
-** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
-**
-** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
-** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
-** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
-**
-** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
-** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
-** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
-** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
-**
-** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
-** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
-** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
-** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
-** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
-  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
-  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
-  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-  int flags,              /* Flags */
-  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
-** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
-** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
-** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
-** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
-** interface is the same except that it always returns the 
-** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
-** disabled.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
-** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
-** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
-** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
-** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
-** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
-**
-** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
-** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
-** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
-** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
-** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
-** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
-** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
-** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
-** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
-**
-** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
-** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
-** error code and message may or may not be set.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
-** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
-**
-** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
-** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
-** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
-**
-** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
-**
-** <ol>
-** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
-**      function.
-** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
-**      interfaces.
-** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
-** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
-**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
-** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
-** </ol>
-**
-** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
-** information.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
-**
-** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
-** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
-** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
-** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
-** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
-** new limit for that construct.  The function returns the old limit.)^
-**
-** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
-** ^(For the limit category of SQLITE_LIMIT_XYZ there is a 
-** [limits | hard upper bound]
-** set by a compile-time C preprocessor macro named 
-** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_XYZ].
-** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
-** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
-** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
-**
-** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
-** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
-** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
-** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
-** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
-** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
-** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
-** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
-** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
-** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
-** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
-** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
-**
-** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
-** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
-**
-** These constants define various performance limits
-** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
-** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
-** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row.<dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
-** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
-** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
-** used to implement an SQL statement.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
-** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of variables in an SQL statement that can
-** be bound.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
-** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
-**
-** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
-** program using one of these routines.
-**
-** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
-** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
-** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
-**
-** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
-** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
-** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
-** use UTF-16.
-**
-** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
-** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
-** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
-** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
-** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
-** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
-** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
-** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
-** the nul-terminator bytes.
-**
-** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
-** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
-** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
-** what remains uncompiled.
-**
-** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
-** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
-** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
-** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
-** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
-** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
-** ppStmt may not be NULL.
-**
-** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
-** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
-**
-** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
-** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
-** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
-** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
-** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
-** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
-** behave differently in three ways:
-**
-** <ol>
-** <li>
-** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
-** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
-** statement and try to run it again.  ^If the schema has changed in
-** a way that makes the statement no longer valid, [sqlite3_step()] will still
-** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  But unlike the legacy behavior, [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is
-** now a fatal error.  Calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
-** error go away.  Note: use [sqlite3_errmsg()] to find the text
-** of the parsing error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return.
-** </li>
-**
-** <li>
-** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
-** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
-** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
-** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
-** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
-** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
-** </li>
-**
-** <li>
-** ^If the value of a [parameter | host parameter] in the WHERE clause might
-** change the query plan for a statement, then the statement may be
-** automatically recompiled (as if there had been a schema change) on the first 
-** [sqlite3_step()] call following any change to the 
-** [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of the [parameter]. 
-** </li>
-** </ol>
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
-**
-** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
-** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
-** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
-** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
-**
-** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
-** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
-** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
-** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
-**
-** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
-** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
-** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
-** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
-** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
-**
-** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
-** a mutex is held.  A internal mutex is held for a protected
-** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
-** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
-** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
-** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes 
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
-** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
-** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
-** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
-** still make the distinction between between protected and unprotected
-** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
-** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
-** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
-** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
-** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
-** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
-** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
-** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
-*/
-typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
-**
-** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
-** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
-** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
-** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
-** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
-** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
-** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
-** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
-** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
-** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
-**
-** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
-** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
-** templates:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  ?
-** <li>  ?NNN
-** <li>  :VVV
-** <li>  @VVV
-** <li>  $VVV
-** </ul>
-**
-** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
-** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifer.)^  ^The values of these
-** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
-** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
-**
-** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
-** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
-**
-** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
-** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
-** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
-** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
-** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
-** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
-** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
-** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
-**
-** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
-**
-** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
-** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
-** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
-** ^If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
-** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
-**
-** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
-** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
-** string after SQLite has finished with it. ^If the fifth argument is
-** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
-** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
-** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
-** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
-** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
-** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
-** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
-** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
-** content is later written using
-** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
-** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
-**
-** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
-** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
-** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
-** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
-** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
-** result is undefined and probably harmful.
-**
-** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
-** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
-** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
-** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
-** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
-**
-** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
-** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
-** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
-** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
-** to the parameters at a later time.
-**
-** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
-** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
-** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
-** there may be gaps in the list.)^
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
-** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
-** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
-** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
-** respectively.
-** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
-** is included as part of the name.)^
-** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
-** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
-**
-** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
-**
-** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
-** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
-** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
-** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
-** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
-**
-** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
-** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
-** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
-** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
-** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
-** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
-**
-** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
-** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
-** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
-**
-** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
-** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
-** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
-**
-** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
-** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
-** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
-** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
-** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
-** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
-** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
-**
-** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
-** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the next call to
-** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
-**
-** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
-** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
-** NULL pointer is returned.
-**
-** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
-** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
-** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
-** one release of SQLite to the next.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
-**
-** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
-** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
-** [SELECT] statement.
-** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
-** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
-** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
-** the origin_ routines return the column name.
-** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
-** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
-** again in a different encoding.
-**
-** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
-** database, table, and column.
-**
-** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
-** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
-** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
-** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
-**
-** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
-** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
-** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
-** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
-** or column that query result column was extracted from.
-**
-** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
-** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
-**
-** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
-**
-** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
-** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
-** undefined.
-**
-** If two or more threads call one or more
-** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
-** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
-** at the same time then the results are undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
-**
-** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
-** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
-** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
-** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
-** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
-** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
-** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
-**
-** ^(For example, given the database schema:
-**
-** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
-**
-** and the following statement to be compiled:
-**
-** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
-**
-** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
-** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
-**
-** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
-** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
-** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
-** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
-** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
-** used to hold those values.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
-**
-** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
-** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
-** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
-**
-** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
-** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
-** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
-** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
-** interface will continue to be supported.
-**
-** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
-** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
-** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
-** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
-** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
-** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
-** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within a
-** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
-** continuing.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
-** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
-** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
-** machine back to its initial state.
-**
-** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
-** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
-** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
-** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
-** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
-** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
-** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
-** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
-** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
-** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
-** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
-**
-** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
-** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
-** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
-** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
-** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
-** more threads at the same moment in time.
-**
-** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
-** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
-** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
-** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
-** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
-** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
-** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
-** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
-** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
-** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
-** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) the number of columns in the
-** of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
-** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
-**
-** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> 64-bit signed integer
-** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
-** <li> string
-** <li> BLOB
-** <li> NULL
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** These constants are codes for each of those types.
-**
-** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
-** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
-** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
-** SQLITE_TEXT.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
-#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
-#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
-#define SQLITE_NULL     5
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
-# undef SQLITE_TEXT
-#else
-# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
-#endif
-#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
-** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
-**
-** These routines form the "result set" interface.
-**
-** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
-** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
-** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
-** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
-** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
-** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
-** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
-** [sqlite3_column_count()].
-**
-** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
-** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
-** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
-** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
-** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
-** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
-** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
-** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
-** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
-** are pending, then the results are undefined.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
-** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
-** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
-** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
-** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
-** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
-** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
-** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
-** following a type conversion.
-**
-** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
-** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
-** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
-** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
-** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
-** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
-** the number of bytes in that string.
-** ^The value returned does not include the zero terminator at the end
-** of the string.  ^For clarity: the value returned is the number of
-** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
-**
-** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
-** even empty strings, are always zero terminated.  ^The return
-** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is an arbitrary
-** pointer, possibly even a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_column_bytes16() routine is similar to sqlite3_column_bytes()
-** but leaves the result in UTF-16 in native byte order instead of UTF-8.
-** ^The zero terminator is not included in this count.
-**
-** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
-** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
-** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
-** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
-** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
-** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
-** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
-** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
-** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
-** that are applied:
-**
-** <blockquote>
-** <table border="1">
-** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
-**
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
-** </table>
-** </blockquote>)^
-**
-** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
-** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
-** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
-** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
-** C programmers.
-**
-** ^Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
-** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
-** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
-** ^(Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
-** in the following cases:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
-**      need to be added to the string.</li>
-** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
-**      to UTF-16.</li>
-** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
-**      to UTF-8.</li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
-** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
-** that the prior pointer points to will have been modified.  Other kinds
-** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
-** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
-**
-** ^(The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
-** in one of the following ways:
-**
-** <ul>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
-** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
-** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
-** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
-** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
-** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
-** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
-**
-** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
-** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
-** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
-** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
-** [sqlite3_free()].
-**
-** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
-** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
-** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
-** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
-** ^If the statement was executed successfully or not executed at all, then
-** SQLITE_OK is returned. ^If execution of the statement failed then an
-** [error code] or [extended error code] is returned.
-**
-** ^This routine can be called at any point during the execution of the
-** [prepared statement].  ^If the virtual machine has not
-** completed execution when this routine is called, that is like
-** encountering an error or an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt].
-** ^Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions canceled,
-** depending on the circumstances, and the
-** [error code] returned will be [SQLITE_ABORT].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
-**
-** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
-** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
-** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
-** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
-** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
-** back to the beginning of its program.
-**
-** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
-** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
-** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
-** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
-**
-** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
-** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
-** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
-** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
-** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
-**
-** ^These two functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
-** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
-** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only difference between the
-** two is that the second parameter, the name of the (scalar) function or
-** aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16
-** for sqlite3_create_function16().
-**
-** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
-** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
-** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
-** to each database connection separately.
-**
-** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
-** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of
-** the zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
-** characters.  ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
-** will result in [SQLITE_ERROR] being returned.
-**
-** ^The third parameter (nArg)
-** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
-** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
-** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
-** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
-** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
-** undefined.
-**
-** The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
-** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
-** its parameters.  Any SQL function implementation should be able to work
-** work with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
-** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
-** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
-** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
-** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
-** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
-** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
-** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
-**
-** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
-** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
-**
-** The seventh, eighth and ninth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
-** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
-** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
-** callback only; NULL pointers should be passed as the xStep and xFinal
-** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
-** and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
-** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function callbacks.
-**
-** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
-** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
-** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
-** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
-** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
-** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
-** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
-** matches the database encoding is a better
-** match than a function where the encoding is different.  
-** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
-** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
-** between UTF8 and UTF16.
-**
-** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
-** ^The first application-defined function with a given name overrides all
-** built-in functions in the same [database connection] with the same name.
-** ^Subsequent application-defined functions of the same name only override 
-** prior application-defined functions that are an exact match for the
-** number of parameters and preferred encoding.
-**
-** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
-** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
-** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
-** statement in which the function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const char *zFunctionName,
-  int nArg,
-  int eTextRep,
-  void *pApp,
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const void *zFunctionName,
-  int nArg,
-  int eTextRep,
-  void *pApp,
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
-**
-** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
-** text encodings supported by SQLite.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
-#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
-#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
-#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
-#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
-#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
-** DEPRECATED
-**
-** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
-** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue 
-** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
-** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
-** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
-**
-** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
-** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
-** the function or aggregate.
-**
-** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
-** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
-** The 4th parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
-** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
-** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
-** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
-**
-** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
-** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
-** object results in undefined behavior.
-**
-** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
-** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
-** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
-** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
-** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
-** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
-** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
-** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
-** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
-** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
-** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
-** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
-**
-** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
-** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
-** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
-** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
-** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
-**
-** These routines must be called from the same thread as
-** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
-**
-** Implementions of aggregate SQL functions use this
-** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
-**
-** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called 
-** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
-** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
-** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
-** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
-** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
-** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
-** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
-** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
-** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
-** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
-** first time from within xFinal().)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
-** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
-**
-** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
-** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
-** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
-** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
-** allocation.)^
-**
-** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by 
-** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
-**
-** The first parameter must be a copy of the
-** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
-** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
-** function.
-**
-** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
-** the aggregate SQL function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
-** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
-** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
-** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
-** registered the application defined function.
-**
-** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
-** the application-defined function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
-** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
-** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
-** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
-** registered the application defined function.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
-**
-** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
-** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
-** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
-** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
-** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
-** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
-** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
-** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
-** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
-** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
-** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
-** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
-** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
-** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
-** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
-** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
-** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
-** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
-** not been destroyed.
-** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
-** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
-** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
-** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
-**
-** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
-** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
-** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
-**
-** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
-** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
-** values and [parameters].)^
-**
-** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
-** the SQL function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
-**
-** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
-** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
-** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
-** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
-** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
-** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
-** the content before returning.
-**
-** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
-** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
-*/
-typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
-#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
-#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
-**
-** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
-** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
-** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** for additional information.
-**
-** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
-** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
-** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
-** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
-** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
-** third parameter.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
-** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
-** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
-** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
-** by its 2nd argument.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
-** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
-** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
-** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
-** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
-** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
-** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
-** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
-** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
-** message all text up through the first zero character.
-** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
-** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
-** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
-** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
-** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
-** modify the text after they return without harm.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
-** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
-** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
-** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
-** indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
-** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
-** value given in the 2nd argument.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
-** value given in the 2nd argument.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
-** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
-** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
-** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
-** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
-** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
-** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
-** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
-** through the first zero character.
-** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
-** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
-** function result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
-** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
-** finished using that result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
-** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
-** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
-** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
-** when it has finished using that result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
-** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
-** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
-** the application-defined function to be a copy the
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
-** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
-** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
-** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
-** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
-** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
-**
-** If these routines are called from within the different thread
-** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
-** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
-**
-** These functions are used to add new collation sequences to the
-** [database connection] specified as the first argument.
-**
-** ^The name of the new collation sequence is specified as a UTF-8 string
-** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
-** and a UTF-16 string for sqlite3_create_collation16(). ^In all cases
-** the name is passed as the second function argument.
-**
-** ^The third argument may be one of the constants [SQLITE_UTF8],
-** [SQLITE_UTF16LE], or [SQLITE_UTF16BE], indicating that the user-supplied
-** routine expects to be passed pointers to strings encoded using UTF-8,
-** UTF-16 little-endian, or UTF-16 big-endian, respectively. ^The
-** third argument might also be [SQLITE_UTF16] to indicate that the routine
-** expects pointers to be UTF-16 strings in the native byte order, or the
-** argument can be [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] if the
-** the routine expects pointers to 16-bit word aligned strings
-** of UTF-16 in the native byte order.
-**
-** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
-** argument.  ^If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
-** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore).
-** ^Each time the application supplied function is invoked, it is passed
-** as its first parameter a copy of the void* passed as the fourth argument
-** to sqlite3_create_collation() or sqlite3_create_collation16().
-**
-** ^The remaining arguments to the application-supplied routine are two strings,
-** each represented by a (length, data) pair and encoded in the encoding
-** that was passed as the third argument when the collation sequence was
-** registered.  The application defined collation routine should
-** return negative, zero or positive if the first string is less than,
-** equal to, or greater than the second string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
-** except that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
-** the collation.  ^The destructor is called when the collation is
-** destroyed and is passed a copy of the fourth parameter void* pointer
-** of the sqlite3_create_collation_v2().
-** ^Collations are destroyed when they are overridden by later calls to the
-** collation creation functions or when the [database connection] is closed
-** using [sqlite3_close()].
-**
-** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
-  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const void *zName,
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
-**
-** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
-** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
-** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
-** sequence is required.
-**
-** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
-** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
-** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
-** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
-** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
-**
-** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
-** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
-** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
-** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
-** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
-** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
-** required collation sequence.)^
-**
-** The callback function should register the desired collation using
-** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
-** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void*, 
-  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void*,
-  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
-);
-
-#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-/*
-** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
-** called right after sqlite3_open().
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
-** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
-** database is decrypted.
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless 
-** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
-);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
-/*
-** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless 
-** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
-);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
-** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
-**
-** ^If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
-** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
-** the nearest second. ^The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
-** requested from the operating system is returned.
-**
-** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
-** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
-**
-** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
-** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
-** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
-** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
-** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
-** temporary file directory.
-**
-** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
-** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
-** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
-** thread.
-** It is intended that this variable be set once
-** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
-** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
-** thereafter.
-**
-** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
-** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
-** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
-** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
-** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
-** using [sqlite3_free].
-** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
-** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
-** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
-** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
-** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
-** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
-** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
-** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
-**
-** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
-** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
-** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
-** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
-** an error is to use this function.
-**
-** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
-** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
-** is undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
-** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
-** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
-** that was the first argument
-** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
-** create the statement in the first place.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
-**
-** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
-** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
-** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
-** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
-** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
-**
-** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
-** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
-** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
-** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
-** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
-** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
-** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
-** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
-** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
-** the first call for each function on D.
-**
-** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
-** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
-** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
-** or rollback hook in the first place.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
-**
-** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
-** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
-** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
-** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
-** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
-**
-** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
-** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
-** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
-** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
-** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
-** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
-** rolled back because a commit callback returned non-zero.
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
-** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
-** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-**
-** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
-** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
-** to sqlite3_update_hook().
-** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
-** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
-** to be invoked.
-** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
-** database and table name containing the affected row.
-** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
-** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
-**
-** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
-** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
-**
-** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
-** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
-** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
-** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
-** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
-** release of SQLite.
-**
-** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
-** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
-** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
-** returns the P argument from the previous call
-** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
-** the first call on D.
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
-** interfaces.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
-  void*
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
-** KEYWORDS: {shared cache}
-**
-** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
-** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
-** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
-** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
-**
-** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
-** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
-** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
-**
-** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
-** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
-** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
-** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
-**
-** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
-** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
-**
-** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
-** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
-** cache setting should set it explicitly.
-**
-** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
-** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
-** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
-** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
-** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
-** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() interface places a "soft" limit
-** on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
-** ^If an internal allocation is requested that would exceed the
-** soft heap limit, [sqlite3_release_memory()] is invoked one or
-** more times to free up some space before the allocation is performed.
-**
-** ^The limit is called "soft" because if [sqlite3_release_memory()]
-** cannot free sufficient memory to prevent the limit from being exceeded,
-** the memory is allocated anyway and the current operation proceeds.
-**
-** ^A negative or zero value for N means that there is no soft heap limit and
-** [sqlite3_release_memory()] will only be called when memory is exhausted.
-** ^The default value for the soft heap limit is zero.
-**
-** ^(SQLite makes a best effort to honor the soft heap limit.
-** But if the soft heap limit cannot be honored, execution will
-** continue without error or notification.)^  This is why the limit is
-** called a "soft" limit.  It is advisory only.
-**
-** Prior to SQLite version 3.5.0, this routine only constrained the memory
-** allocated by a single thread - the same thread in which this routine
-** runs.  Beginning with SQLite version 3.5.0, the soft heap limit is
-** applied to all threads. The value specified for the soft heap limit
-** is an upper bound on the total memory allocation for all threads. In
-** version 3.5.0 there is no mechanism for limiting the heap usage for
-** individual threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
-**
-** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
-** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
-** passed as the first function argument.
-**
-** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
-** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
-** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
-** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
-** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
-** resolve unqualified table references.
-**
-** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
-** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
-** may be NULL.
-**
-** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
-** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
-** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
-**
-** ^(<blockquote>
-** <table border="1">
-** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
-**
-** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
-** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
-** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
-** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
-** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
-** </table>
-** </blockquote>)^
-**
-** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
-** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
-** call to any SQLite API function.
-**
-** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
-**
-** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
-** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
-** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
-** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
-** parameters are set as follows:
-**
-** <pre>
-**     data type: "INTEGER"
-**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
-**     not null: 0
-**     primary key: 1
-**     auto increment: 0
-** </pre>)^
-**
-** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
-** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
-** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
-** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
-**
-** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
-  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
-  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
-  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
-  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
-  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
-  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
-  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
-  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
-  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
-**
-** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
-** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
-**
-** ^The entry point is zProc.
-** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
-** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
-** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
-** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
-** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
-** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
-** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
-** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
-** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
-**
-** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
-** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
-** otherwise an error will be returned.
-**
-** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
-  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
-  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
-  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
-**
-** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
-** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
-** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
-** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
-**
-** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
-** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
-** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
-** it back off again.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load An Extensions
-**
-** ^This API can be invoked at program startup in order to register
-** one or more statically linked extensions that will be available
-** to all new [database connections].
-**
-** ^(This routine stores a pointer to the extension entry point
-** in an array that is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  That memory
-** is deallocated by [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].)^
-**
-** ^This function registers an extension entry point that is
-** automatically invoked whenever a new [database connection]
-** is opened using [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
-** or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
-** ^Duplicate extensions are detected so calling this routine
-** multiple times with the same extension is harmless.
-** ^Automatic extensions apply across all threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
-**
-** ^(This function disables all previously registered automatic
-** extensions. It undoes the effect of all prior
-** [sqlite3_auto_extension()] calls.)^
-**
-** ^This function disables automatic extensions in all threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
-
-/*
-****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
-**
-** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
-** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
-** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
-**
-** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
-** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Structures used by the virtual table interface
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
-typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
-typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
-typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** This structure, sometimes called a a "virtual table module", 
-** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].  
-** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
-**
-** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
-** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
-** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
-** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
-** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
-** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
-** any database connection.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_module {
-  int iVersion;
-  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
-               int argc, const char *const*argv,
-               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
-  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
-               int argc, const char *const*argv,
-               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
-  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
-  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
-  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
-                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
-  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
-  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
-  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
-  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
-                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-                       void **ppArg);
-  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used to
-** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
-** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
-** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
-** results into the **Outputs** fields.
-**
-** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
-**
-** <pre>column OP expr</pre>
-**
-** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
-** stored in aConstraint[].op.)^  ^(The index of the column is stored in
-** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
-** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
-** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
-**
-** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
-** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
-** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
-** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
-** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
-**
-** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
-** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
-**
-** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
-** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
-** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
-** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
-** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
-** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
-**
-** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
-** [xFilter] method.
-** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
-** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
-**
-** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
-** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
-** sorting step is required.
-**
-** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
-** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
-** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
-** cost of approximately log(N).
-*/
-struct sqlite3_index_info {
-  /* Inputs */
-  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
-     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
-     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
-     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
-     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
-  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
-  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
-  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
-     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
-     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
-  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  /* Outputs */
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
-    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
-    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
-  } *aConstraintUsage;
-  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
-  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
-  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
-  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
-  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
-};
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
-** ^Module names must be registered before
-** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
-** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
-**
-** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
-** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the 
-** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
-** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
-** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
-** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
-** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
-** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
-** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
-** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The sqlite3_create_module()
-** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
-** destructor.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_create_module(
-  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
-  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
-  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
-  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
-);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
-  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
-  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
-  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
-  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
-** of this object to describe a particular instance
-** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
-** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
-** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
-** common to all module implementations.
-**
-** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
-** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
-** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
-** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
-** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
-** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_vtab {
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
-  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
-  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
-  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
-** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
-** [virtual table] and are used
-** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
-** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
-** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
-** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
-** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
-** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
-**
-** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
-** are common to all implementations.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
-  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
-** [virtual table module] call this interface
-** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
-** the virtual tables they implement.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
-** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].  
-** But global versions of those functions
-** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
-**
-** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
-** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
-** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
-** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
-** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
-** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
-** by a [virtual table].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
-
-/*
-** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
-** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
-** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
-** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
-**
-** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
-** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
-**
-****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
-*/
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
-** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
-**
-** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
-** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
-** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
-** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
-** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
-** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
-** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
-**
-** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
-** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
-** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
-**
-** <pre>
-**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
-** </pre>)^
-**
-** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
-** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
-** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary 
-** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is 
-** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
-**
-** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
-** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
-** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
-** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
-** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
-**
-** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
-** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
-** to be a null pointer.)^
-** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
-** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
-** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
-** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
-** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
-**
-** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
-** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
-** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
-** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
-** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
-** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
-** a expired BLOB handle fail with an return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
-** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
-** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
-** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
-**
-** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
-** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
-** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
-** blob.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
-** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
-** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
-** this interface.
-**
-** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
-** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
-  sqlite3*,
-  const char *zDb,
-  const char *zTable,
-  const char *zColumn,
-  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
-  int flags,
-  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
-**
-** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
-**
-** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
-** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
-** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
-** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
-** until the close operation if they will fit.
-**
-** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
-** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
-** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
-** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
-**
-** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
-** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
-**
-** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
-** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
-**
-** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the 
-** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
-** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
-** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
-**
-** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
-** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
-** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
-**
-** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
-** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
-** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
-** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
-**
-** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
-** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
-**
-** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
-** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
-**
-** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
-** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
-** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
-**
-** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
-** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
-** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
-**
-** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
-** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
-** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
-** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
-** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
-** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
-**
-** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
-** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
-** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
-** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
-** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
-** or by other independent statements.
-**
-** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
-** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
-**
-** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
-** that SQLite uses to interact
-** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
-** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
-** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
-** The following interfaces are provided.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
-** ^Names are case sensitive.
-** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
-** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
-** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
-**
-** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
-** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
-** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
-** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
-** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
-** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
-** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
-** then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
-** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
-** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
-**
-** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
-** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
-** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
-** permitted to use any of these routines.
-**
-** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
-** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
-** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
-** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
-** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
-** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
-** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
-**
-** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
-** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
-** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
-** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
-** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
-** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
-** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
-** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
-** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
-** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
-** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
-** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
-** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
-** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
-** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
-** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
-** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
-** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
-**
-** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
-** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
-** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
-** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
-** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
-** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
-** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
-**
-** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
-** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
-** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
-** the same type number.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
-** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
-** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
-** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
-** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
-** a static mutex.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
-** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
-** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
-** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
-** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
-** In such cases the,
-** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
-** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
-** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
-** SQLite will never exhibit
-** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
-**
-** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
-** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
-** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
-** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
-** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
-** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
-** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
-** never do either.)^
-**
-** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
-** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
-** behave as no-ops.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
-** used to allocate and use mutexes.
-**
-** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
-** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
-** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
-** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
-** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
-** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
-** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
-** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
-** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
-**
-** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
-** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
-** ^The xMutexInit routine is calle by SQLite exactly once for each
-** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
-**
-** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
-** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
-** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
-** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
-** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
-** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
-**
-** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
-** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
-** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
-**
-** <ul>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
-** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
-** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
-** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
-** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
-** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
-** it is passed a NULL pointer).
-**
-** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
-** invoke xMutexInit() mutiple times within the same process and without
-** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
-** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
-**
-** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
-** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
-** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
-** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
-**
-** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
-** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
-** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
-** prior to returning.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
-struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
-  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
-  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
-  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
-  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
-**
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
-** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
-** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
-** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
-** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
-** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
-** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
-** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
-**
-** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
-** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
-**
-** ^The implementation is not required to provided versions of these
-** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
-** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
-** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
-**
-** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
-** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
-** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But the
-** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
-** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
-** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
-** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
-** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
-*/
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
-**
-** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
-** which is one of these integer constants.
-**
-** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
-** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
-** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* lru page list */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
-**
-** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that 
-** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
-** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
-** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
-** routine returns a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
-** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
-** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
-** name of the database "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
-** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
-** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
-** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
-** main database file.
-** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
-** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
-** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
-** method becomes the return value of this routine.
-**
-** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
-** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
-** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
-** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
-** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
-** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
-** xFileControl method.
-**
-** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
-** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
-** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
-** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
-**
-** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
-** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
-** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
-**
-** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
-** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
-** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
-** operate consistently from one release to the next.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
-**
-** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
-** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
-**
-** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
-** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
-** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
-** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    16
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
-** about the preformance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
-** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
-** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
-** are of the form [SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
-** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
-** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
-** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
-** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
-** value.  For those parameters
-** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
-** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
-** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
-** non-zero [error code] on failure.
-**
-** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
-** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
-** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
-** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
-** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
-** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
-** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
-** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
-** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
-** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
-** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
-** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
-** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
-** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
-** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
-** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using 
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
-** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
-** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
-** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
-** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
-** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
-** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
-** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
-** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
-** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
-** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
-** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
-** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
-** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
-** slots were available.
-** </dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
-** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-**
-** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information 
-** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
-** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
-** is the parameter to interrogate.  ^Currently, the only allowed value
-** for the second parameter is [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED].
-** Additional options will likely appear in future releases of SQLite.
-**
-** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
-** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
-** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
-** reset back down to the current value.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
-** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
-**
-** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
-** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
-** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
-** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
-** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
-** checked out.</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED     0
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
-** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counters] that measure the number
-** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
-** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
-** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
-** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
-** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
-** an index.  
-**
-** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
-** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
-** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
-** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counter]
-** to be interrogated.)^
-** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
-** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
-** interface call returns.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
-** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
-** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
-** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
-** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
-** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through 
-** careful use of indices.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
-** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
-** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
-** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
-** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
-** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
-** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
-** to the object.
-**
-** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods] for additional information.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
-** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE], ...) interface can
-** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an 
-** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure.)^ The majority of the 
-** heap memory used by SQLite is used by the page cache to cache data read 
-** from, or ready to be written to, the database file. By implementing a 
-** custom page cache using this API, an application can control more 
-** precisely the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which 
-** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to 
-** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for 
-** how long.
-**
-** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure are copied to an
-** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
-** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
-** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
-**
-** ^The xInit() method is called once for each call to [sqlite3_initialize()]
-** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
-** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods.pArg value.)^
-** ^The xInit() method can set up up global structures and/or any mutexes
-** required by the custom page cache implementation. 
-**
-** ^The xShutdown() method is called from within [sqlite3_shutdown()], 
-** if the application invokes this API. It can be used to clean up 
-** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
-**
-** ^SQLite holds a [SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE] mutex when it invokes
-** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
-** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
-** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
-** in multithreaded applications.
-**
-** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
-** call to xShutdown().
-**
-** ^The xCreate() method is used to construct a new cache instance.  SQLite
-** will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
-** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
-** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
-** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will not be a power of two.  ^szPage
-** will the page size of the database file that is to be cached plus an
-** increment (here called "R") of about 100 or 200.  ^SQLite will use the
-** extra R bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
-** database page on disk.  The value of R depends
-** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
-** ^R is constant for a particular build of SQLite.  ^The second argument to
-** xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being created will
-** be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
-** false if it is used for an in-memory database. ^The cache implementation
-** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
-** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
-** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
-** ^In other words, a cache created with bPurgeable set to false will
-** never contain any unpinned pages.
-**
-** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
-** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
-** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
-** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  ^As with the bPurgeable
-** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
-** value; it is advisory only.
-**
-** ^The xPagecount() method should return the number of pages currently
-** stored in the cache.
-** 
-** ^The xFetch() method is used to fetch a page and return a pointer to it. 
-** ^A 'page', in this context, is a buffer of szPage bytes aligned at an
-** 8-byte boundary. ^The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The
-** mimimum key value is 1. After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page 
-** is considered to be "pinned".
-**
-** ^If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
-** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
-** intact.  ^(If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
-** behavior of the cache implementation is determined by the value of the
-** createFlag parameter passed to xFetch, according to the following table:
-**
-** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
-** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
-** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
-** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
-**                 Otherwise return NULL.
-** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
-**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
-** </table>)^
-**
-** SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  If
-** a call to xFetch() with createFlag==1 returns NULL, then SQLite will
-** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
-** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache. After
-** attempting to unpin pages, the xFetch() method will be invoked again with
-** a createFlag of 2.
-**
-** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
-** as its second argument. ^(If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
-** then the page should be evicted from the cache. In this case SQLite 
-** assumes that the next time the page is retrieved from the cache using
-** the xFetch() method, it will be zeroed.)^ ^If the discard parameter is
-** zero, then the page is considered to be unpinned. ^The cache implementation
-** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
-**
-** ^(The cache is not required to perform any reference counting. A single 
-** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls 
-** to xFetch().)^
-**
-** ^The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
-** page passed as the second argument from oldKey to newKey. ^If the cache
-** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it should be
-** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
-** to be pinned.
-**
-** ^When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
-** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
-** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). ^If any
-** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
-** they can be safely discarded.
-**
-** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
-** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
-** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
-** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods
-** functions.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
-struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
-  void *pArg;
-  int (*xInit)(void*);
-  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
-  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
-  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
-  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
-  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
-  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
-  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
-  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
-  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
-** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
-** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
-** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
-** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
-** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files. 
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
-**
-** ^Exclusive access is required to the destination database for the 
-** duration of the operation. ^However the source database is only
-** read-locked while it is actually being read; it is not locked
-** continuously for the entire backup operation. ^Thus, the backup may be
-** performed on a live source database without preventing other users from
-** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
-** 
-** ^(To perform a backup operation: 
-**   <ol>
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
-**         backup, 
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer 
-**         the data between the two databases, and finally
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources 
-**         associated with the backup operation. 
-**   </ol>)^
-** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
-** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
-**
-** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the 
-** [database connection] associated with the destination database 
-** and the database name, respectively.
-** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
-** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
-** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
-** ^The S and M arguments passed to 
-** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
-** and database name of the source database, respectively.
-** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
-** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will file with
-** an error.
-**
-** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
-** returned and an error code and error message are store3d in the
-** destination [database connection] D.
-** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
-** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
-** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
-** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_backup] object.
-** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup 
-** operation.
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
-**
-** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between 
-** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
-** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied. 
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
-** are still more pages to be copied, then the function resturns [SQLITE_OK].
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
-** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
-** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
-** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
-** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if the destination
-** database was opened read-only or if
-** the destination is an in-memory database with a different page size
-** from the source database.
-**
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
-** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
-** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the 
-** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then 
-** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
-** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
-** [database connection]
-** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
-** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
-** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
-** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then 
-** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These 
-** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept 
-** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle 
-** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
-**
-** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
-** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either 
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete 
-** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
-** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
-** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
-** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
-** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
-** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
-** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
-** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
-** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source 
-** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
-** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
-** updated at the same time.
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
-**
-** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the 
-** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
-** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
-** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
-** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object. 
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
-** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
-** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
-** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
-**
-** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
-** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
-** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
-** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
-** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
-**
-** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
-** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
-** sqlite3_backup_finish().
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining(), sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
-**
-** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
-** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
-** up and the total number of pages in the source databae file.
-** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
-** retrieve these two values, respectively.
-**
-** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
-** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
-** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
-** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
-** changing.
-**
-** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
-**
-** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
-** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
-** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
-** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
-** from within other threads.
-**
-** However, the application must guarantee that the destination 
-** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after 
-** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
-** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
-** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
-** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
-** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
-** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
-**
-** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
-** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
-** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
-** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being 
-** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
-** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
-**
-** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple 
-** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
-** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
-** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
-** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
-** possible that they return invalid values.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
-  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
-  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
-  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
-  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
-** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
-** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
-** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking. 
-** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke 
-** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
-** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
-**
-** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
-** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back. 
-**
-** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
-** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
-** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
-** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an 
-** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as 
-** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
-** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
-** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
-** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
-**
-** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
-** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
-** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
-** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
-** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
-**
-** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
-** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
-** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of 
-** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
-**
-** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a 
-** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
-** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
-** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
-** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
-** unlock-notify callback is cancelled. ^The blocked connections 
-** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
-** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
-**
-** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
-** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
-** crash or deadlock may be the result.
-**
-** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
-** returns SQLITE_OK.
-**
-** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
-**
-** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a 
-** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
-** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
-** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
-** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
-** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
-**
-** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
-** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
-** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
-** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
-** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
-** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
-** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions 
-** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
-**
-** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
-**
-** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a 
-** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
-** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
-** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
-** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
-** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
-** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
-**
-** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
-** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
-** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
-** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
-** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
-** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
-** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
-** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
-** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
-** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
-** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
-** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
-**
-** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
-**
-** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost 
-** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
-** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
-** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
-** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
-** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
-** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
-** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
-**
-** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
-** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
-** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
-** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just 
-** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
-  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
-  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
-  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
-);
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_strnicmp()] API allows applications and extensions to
-** compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8 strings in a
-** case-indendent fashion, using the same definition of case independence 
-** that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
-** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
-** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
-** passed through to [sqlite3_vmprintf()] to generate the final output string.
-**
-** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
-** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
-** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
-** is considered bad form.
-**
-** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
-**
-** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
-** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
-** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
-** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
-** buffer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
-
-/*
-** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
-** builds on processors without floating point support.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-# undef double
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
-#endif
-#endif
-

diff --git a/win64/sqlite/sqlite3ext.h b/win64/sqlite/sqlite3ext.h
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 0d37bbe..0000000
--- a/win64/sqlite/sqlite3ext.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,378 +0,0 @@
-/*
-** 2006 June 7
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This header file defines the SQLite interface for use by
-** shared libraries that want to be imported as extensions into
-** an SQLite instance.  Shared libraries that intend to be loaded
-** as extensions by SQLite should #include this file instead of 
-** sqlite3.h.
-*/
-#ifndef _SQLITE3EXT_H_
-#define _SQLITE3EXT_H_
-#include "sqlite3.h"
-
-typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
-
-/*
-** The following structure holds pointers to all of the SQLite API
-** routines.
-**
-** WARNING:  In order to maintain backwards compatibility, add new
-** interfaces to the end of this structure only.  If you insert new
-** interfaces in the middle of this structure, then older different
-** versions of SQLite will not be able to load each others' shared
-** libraries!
-*/
-struct sqlite3_api_routines {
-  void * (*aggregate_context)(sqlite3_context*,int nBytes);
-  int  (*aggregate_count)(sqlite3_context*);
-  int  (*bind_blob)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const void*,int n,void(*)(void*));
-  int  (*bind_double)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,double);
-  int  (*bind_int)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,int);
-  int  (*bind_int64)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,sqlite_int64);
-  int  (*bind_null)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  int  (*bind_parameter_count)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  int  (*bind_parameter_index)(sqlite3_stmt*,const char*zName);
-  const char * (*bind_parameter_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  int  (*bind_text)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int n,void(*)(void*));
-  int  (*bind_text16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  int  (*bind_value)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*busy_handler)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
-  int  (*busy_timeout)(sqlite3*,int ms);
-  int  (*changes)(sqlite3*);
-  int  (*close)(sqlite3*);
-  int  (*collation_needed)(sqlite3*,void*,void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*));
-  int  (*collation_needed16)(sqlite3*,void*,void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*));
-  const void * (*column_blob)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  int  (*column_bytes)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  int  (*column_bytes16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  int  (*column_count)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
-  const char * (*column_database_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const void * (*column_database_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const char * (*column_decltype)(sqlite3_stmt*,int i);
-  const void * (*column_decltype16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  double  (*column_double)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  int  (*column_int)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  sqlite_int64  (*column_int64)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  const char * (*column_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const void * (*column_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const char * (*column_origin_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const void * (*column_origin_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const char * (*column_table_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const void * (*column_table_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-  const unsigned char * (*column_text)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  const void * (*column_text16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  int  (*column_type)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  sqlite3_value* (*column_value)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
-  void * (*commit_hook)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*),void*);
-  int  (*complete)(const char*sql);
-  int  (*complete16)(const void*sql);
-  int  (*create_collation)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,void*,int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*));
-  int  (*create_collation16)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,void*,int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*));
-  int  (*create_function)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,void*,void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*));
-  int  (*create_function16)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,int,void*,void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*));
-  int (*create_module)(sqlite3*,const char*,const sqlite3_module*,void*);
-  int  (*data_count)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
-  sqlite3 * (*db_handle)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  int (*declare_vtab)(sqlite3*,const char*);
-  int  (*enable_shared_cache)(int);
-  int  (*errcode)(sqlite3*db);
-  const char * (*errmsg)(sqlite3*);
-  const void * (*errmsg16)(sqlite3*);
-  int  (*exec)(sqlite3*,const char*,sqlite3_callback,void*,char**);
-  int  (*expired)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  int  (*finalize)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
-  void  (*free)(void*);
-  void  (*free_table)(char**result);
-  int  (*get_autocommit)(sqlite3*);
-  void * (*get_auxdata)(sqlite3_context*,int);
-  int  (*get_table)(sqlite3*,const char*,char***,int*,int*,char**);
-  int  (*global_recover)(void);
-  void  (*interruptx)(sqlite3*);
-  sqlite_int64  (*last_insert_rowid)(sqlite3*);
-  const char * (*libversion)(void);
-  int  (*libversion_number)(void);
-  void *(*malloc)(int);
-  char * (*mprintf)(const char*,...);
-  int  (*open)(const char*,sqlite3**);
-  int  (*open16)(const void*,sqlite3**);
-  int  (*prepare)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const char**);
-  int  (*prepare16)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const void**);
-  void * (*profile)(sqlite3*,void(*)(void*,const char*,sqlite_uint64),void*);
-  void  (*progress_handler)(sqlite3*,int,int(*)(void*),void*);
-  void *(*realloc)(void*,int);
-  int  (*reset)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
-  void  (*result_blob)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  void  (*result_double)(sqlite3_context*,double);
-  void  (*result_error)(sqlite3_context*,const char*,int);
-  void  (*result_error16)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int);
-  void  (*result_int)(sqlite3_context*,int);
-  void  (*result_int64)(sqlite3_context*,sqlite_int64);
-  void  (*result_null)(sqlite3_context*);
-  void  (*result_text)(sqlite3_context*,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  void  (*result_text16)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  void  (*result_text16be)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  void  (*result_text16le)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
-  void  (*result_value)(sqlite3_context*,sqlite3_value*);
-  void * (*rollback_hook)(sqlite3*,void(*)(void*),void*);
-  int  (*set_authorizer)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),void*);
-  void  (*set_auxdata)(sqlite3_context*,int,void*,void (*)(void*));
-  char * (*snprintf)(int,char*,const char*,...);
-  int  (*step)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  int  (*table_column_metadata)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,const char*,char const**,char const**,int*,int*,int*);
-  void  (*thread_cleanup)(void);
-  int  (*total_changes)(sqlite3*);
-  void * (*trace)(sqlite3*,void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*),void*);
-  int  (*transfer_bindings)(sqlite3_stmt*,sqlite3_stmt*);
-  void * (*update_hook)(sqlite3*,void(*)(void*,int ,char const*,char const*,sqlite_int64),void*);
-  void * (*user_data)(sqlite3_context*);
-  const void * (*value_blob)(sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*value_bytes)(sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*value_bytes16)(sqlite3_value*);
-  double  (*value_double)(sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*value_int)(sqlite3_value*);
-  sqlite_int64  (*value_int64)(sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*value_numeric_type)(sqlite3_value*);
-  const unsigned char * (*value_text)(sqlite3_value*);
-  const void * (*value_text16)(sqlite3_value*);
-  const void * (*value_text16be)(sqlite3_value*);
-  const void * (*value_text16le)(sqlite3_value*);
-  int  (*value_type)(sqlite3_value*);
-  char *(*vmprintf)(const char*,va_list);
-  /* Added ??? */
-  int (*overload_function)(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
-  /* Added by 3.3.13 */
-  int (*prepare_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const char**);
-  int (*prepare16_v2)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const void**);
-  int (*clear_bindings)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  /* Added by 3.4.1 */
-  int (*create_module_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,const sqlite3_module*,void*,void (*xDestroy)(void *));
-  /* Added by 3.5.0 */
-  int (*bind_zeroblob)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,int);
-  int (*blob_bytes)(sqlite3_blob*);
-  int (*blob_close)(sqlite3_blob*);
-  int (*blob_open)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,const char*,sqlite3_int64,int,sqlite3_blob**);
-  int (*blob_read)(sqlite3_blob*,void*,int,int);
-  int (*blob_write)(sqlite3_blob*,const void*,int,int);
-  int (*create_collation_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,void*,int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),void(*)(void*));
-  int (*file_control)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,void*);
-  sqlite3_int64 (*memory_highwater)(int);
-  sqlite3_int64 (*memory_used)(void);
-  sqlite3_mutex *(*mutex_alloc)(int);
-  void (*mutex_enter)(sqlite3_mutex*);
-  void (*mutex_free)(sqlite3_mutex*);
-  void (*mutex_leave)(sqlite3_mutex*);
-  int (*mutex_try)(sqlite3_mutex*);
-  int (*open_v2)(const char*,sqlite3**,int,const char*);
-  int (*release_memory)(int);
-  void (*result_error_nomem)(sqlite3_context*);
-  void (*result_error_toobig)(sqlite3_context*);
-  int (*sleep)(int);
-  void (*soft_heap_limit)(int);
-  sqlite3_vfs *(*vfs_find)(const char*);
-  int (*vfs_register)(sqlite3_vfs*,int);
-  int (*vfs_unregister)(sqlite3_vfs*);
-  int (*xthreadsafe)(void);
-  void (*result_zeroblob)(sqlite3_context*,int);
-  void (*result_error_code)(sqlite3_context*,int);
-  int (*test_control)(int, ...);
-  void (*randomness)(int,void*);
-  sqlite3 *(*context_db_handle)(sqlite3_context*);
-  int (*extended_result_codes)(sqlite3*,int);
-  int (*limit)(sqlite3*,int,int);
-  sqlite3_stmt *(*next_stmt)(sqlite3*,sqlite3_stmt*);
-  const char *(*sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
-  int (*status)(int,int*,int*,int);
-};
-
-/*
-** The following macros redefine the API routines so that they are
-** redirected throught the global sqlite3_api structure.
-**
-** This header file is also used by the loadext.c source file
-** (part of the main SQLite library - not an extension) so that
-** it can get access to the sqlite3_api_routines structure
-** definition.  But the main library does not want to redefine
-** the API.  So the redefinition macros are only valid if the
-** SQLITE_CORE macros is undefined.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
-#define sqlite3_aggregate_context      sqlite3_api->aggregate_context
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-#define sqlite3_aggregate_count        sqlite3_api->aggregate_count
-#endif
-#define sqlite3_bind_blob              sqlite3_api->bind_blob
-#define sqlite3_bind_double            sqlite3_api->bind_double
-#define sqlite3_bind_int               sqlite3_api->bind_int
-#define sqlite3_bind_int64             sqlite3_api->bind_int64
-#define sqlite3_bind_null              sqlite3_api->bind_null
-#define sqlite3_bind_parameter_count   sqlite3_api->bind_parameter_count
-#define sqlite3_bind_parameter_index   sqlite3_api->bind_parameter_index
-#define sqlite3_bind_parameter_name    sqlite3_api->bind_parameter_name
-#define sqlite3_bind_text              sqlite3_api->bind_text
-#define sqlite3_bind_text16            sqlite3_api->bind_text16
-#define sqlite3_bind_value             sqlite3_api->bind_value
-#define sqlite3_busy_handler           sqlite3_api->busy_handler
-#define sqlite3_busy_timeout           sqlite3_api->busy_timeout
-#define sqlite3_changes                sqlite3_api->changes
-#define sqlite3_close                  sqlite3_api->close
-#define sqlite3_collation_needed       sqlite3_api->collation_needed
-#define sqlite3_collation_needed16     sqlite3_api->collation_needed16
-#define sqlite3_column_blob            sqlite3_api->column_blob
-#define sqlite3_column_bytes           sqlite3_api->column_bytes
-#define sqlite3_column_bytes16         sqlite3_api->column_bytes16
-#define sqlite3_column_count           sqlite3_api->column_count
-#define sqlite3_column_database_name   sqlite3_api->column_database_name
-#define sqlite3_column_database_name16 sqlite3_api->column_database_name16
-#define sqlite3_column_decltype        sqlite3_api->column_decltype
-#define sqlite3_column_decltype16      sqlite3_api->column_decltype16
-#define sqlite3_column_double          sqlite3_api->column_double
-#define sqlite3_column_int             sqlite3_api->column_int
-#define sqlite3_column_int64           sqlite3_api->column_int64
-#define sqlite3_column_name            sqlite3_api->column_name
-#define sqlite3_column_name16          sqlite3_api->column_name16
-#define sqlite3_column_origin_name     sqlite3_api->column_origin_name
-#define sqlite3_column_origin_name16   sqlite3_api->column_origin_name16
-#define sqlite3_column_table_name      sqlite3_api->column_table_name
-#define sqlite3_column_table_name16    sqlite3_api->column_table_name16
-#define sqlite3_column_text            sqlite3_api->column_text
-#define sqlite3_column_text16          sqlite3_api->column_text16
-#define sqlite3_column_type            sqlite3_api->column_type
-#define sqlite3_column_value           sqlite3_api->column_value
-#define sqlite3_commit_hook            sqlite3_api->commit_hook
-#define sqlite3_complete               sqlite3_api->complete
-#define sqlite3_complete16             sqlite3_api->complete16
-#define sqlite3_create_collation       sqlite3_api->create_collation
-#define sqlite3_create_collation16     sqlite3_api->create_collation16
-#define sqlite3_create_function        sqlite3_api->create_function
-#define sqlite3_create_function16      sqlite3_api->create_function16
-#define sqlite3_create_module          sqlite3_api->create_module
-#define sqlite3_create_module_v2       sqlite3_api->create_module_v2
-#define sqlite3_data_count             sqlite3_api->data_count
-#define sqlite3_db_handle              sqlite3_api->db_handle
-#define sqlite3_declare_vtab           sqlite3_api->declare_vtab
-#define sqlite3_enable_shared_cache    sqlite3_api->enable_shared_cache
-#define sqlite3_errcode                sqlite3_api->errcode
-#define sqlite3_errmsg                 sqlite3_api->errmsg
-#define sqlite3_errmsg16               sqlite3_api->errmsg16
-#define sqlite3_exec                   sqlite3_api->exec
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-#define sqlite3_expired                sqlite3_api->expired
-#endif
-#define sqlite3_finalize               sqlite3_api->finalize
-#define sqlite3_free                   sqlite3_api->free
-#define sqlite3_free_table             sqlite3_api->free_table
-#define sqlite3_get_autocommit         sqlite3_api->get_autocommit
-#define sqlite3_get_auxdata            sqlite3_api->get_auxdata
-#define sqlite3_get_table              sqlite3_api->get_table
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-#define sqlite3_global_recover         sqlite3_api->global_recover
-#endif
-#define sqlite3_interrupt              sqlite3_api->interruptx
-#define sqlite3_last_insert_rowid      sqlite3_api->last_insert_rowid
-#define sqlite3_libversion             sqlite3_api->libversion
-#define sqlite3_libversion_number      sqlite3_api->libversion_number
-#define sqlite3_malloc                 sqlite3_api->malloc
-#define sqlite3_mprintf                sqlite3_api->mprintf
-#define sqlite3_open                   sqlite3_api->open
-#define sqlite3_open16                 sqlite3_api->open16
-#define sqlite3_prepare                sqlite3_api->prepare
-#define sqlite3_prepare16              sqlite3_api->prepare16
-#define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
-#define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
-#define sqlite3_profile                sqlite3_api->profile
-#define sqlite3_progress_handler       sqlite3_api->progress_handler
-#define sqlite3_realloc                sqlite3_api->realloc
-#define sqlite3_reset                  sqlite3_api->reset
-#define sqlite3_result_blob            sqlite3_api->result_blob
-#define sqlite3_result_double          sqlite3_api->result_double
-#define sqlite3_result_error           sqlite3_api->result_error
-#define sqlite3_result_error16         sqlite3_api->result_error16
-#define sqlite3_result_int             sqlite3_api->result_int
-#define sqlite3_result_int64           sqlite3_api->result_int64
-#define sqlite3_result_null            sqlite3_api->result_null
-#define sqlite3_result_text            sqlite3_api->result_text
-#define sqlite3_result_text16          sqlite3_api->result_text16
-#define sqlite3_result_text16be        sqlite3_api->result_text16be
-#define sqlite3_result_text16le        sqlite3_api->result_text16le
-#define sqlite3_result_value           sqlite3_api->result_value
-#define sqlite3_rollback_hook          sqlite3_api->rollback_hook
-#define sqlite3_set_authorizer         sqlite3_api->set_authorizer
-#define sqlite3_set_auxdata            sqlite3_api->set_auxdata
-#define sqlite3_snprintf               sqlite3_api->snprintf
-#define sqlite3_step                   sqlite3_api->step
-#define sqlite3_table_column_metadata  sqlite3_api->table_column_metadata
-#define sqlite3_thread_cleanup         sqlite3_api->thread_cleanup
-#define sqlite3_total_changes          sqlite3_api->total_changes
-#define sqlite3_trace                  sqlite3_api->trace
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-#define sqlite3_transfer_bindings      sqlite3_api->transfer_bindings
-#endif
-#define sqlite3_update_hook            sqlite3_api->update_hook
-#define sqlite3_user_data              sqlite3_api->user_data
-#define sqlite3_value_blob             sqlite3_api->value_blob
-#define sqlite3_value_bytes            sqlite3_api->value_bytes
-#define sqlite3_value_bytes16          sqlite3_api->value_bytes16
-#define sqlite3_value_double           sqlite3_api->value_double
-#define sqlite3_value_int              sqlite3_api->value_int
-#define sqlite3_value_int64            sqlite3_api->value_int64
-#define sqlite3_value_numeric_type     sqlite3_api->value_numeric_type
-#define sqlite3_value_text             sqlite3_api->value_text
-#define sqlite3_value_text16           sqlite3_api->value_text16
-#define sqlite3_value_text16be         sqlite3_api->value_text16be
-#define sqlite3_value_text16le         sqlite3_api->value_text16le
-#define sqlite3_value_type             sqlite3_api->value_type
-#define sqlite3_vmprintf               sqlite3_api->vmprintf
-#define sqlite3_overload_function      sqlite3_api->overload_function
-#define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
-#define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
-#define sqlite3_clear_bindings         sqlite3_api->clear_bindings
-#define sqlite3_bind_zeroblob          sqlite3_api->bind_zeroblob
-#define sqlite3_blob_bytes             sqlite3_api->blob_bytes
-#define sqlite3_blob_close             sqlite3_api->blob_close
-#define sqlite3_blob_open              sqlite3_api->blob_open
-#define sqlite3_blob_read              sqlite3_api->blob_read
-#define sqlite3_blob_write             sqlite3_api->blob_write
-#define sqlite3_create_collation_v2    sqlite3_api->create_collation_v2
-#define sqlite3_file_control           sqlite3_api->file_control
-#define sqlite3_memory_highwater       sqlite3_api->memory_highwater
-#define sqlite3_memory_used            sqlite3_api->memory_used
-#define sqlite3_mutex_alloc            sqlite3_api->mutex_alloc
-#define sqlite3_mutex_enter            sqlite3_api->mutex_enter
-#define sqlite3_mutex_free             sqlite3_api->mutex_free
-#define sqlite3_mutex_leave            sqlite3_api->mutex_leave
-#define sqlite3_mutex_try              sqlite3_api->mutex_try
-#define sqlite3_open_v2                sqlite3_api->open_v2
-#define sqlite3_release_memory         sqlite3_api->release_memory
-#define sqlite3_result_error_nomem     sqlite3_api->result_error_nomem
-#define sqlite3_result_error_toobig    sqlite3_api->result_error_toobig
-#define sqlite3_sleep                  sqlite3_api->sleep
-#define sqlite3_soft_heap_limit        sqlite3_api->soft_heap_limit
-#define sqlite3_vfs_find               sqlite3_api->vfs_find
-#define sqlite3_vfs_register           sqlite3_api->vfs_register
-#define sqlite3_vfs_unregister         sqlite3_api->vfs_unregister
-#define sqlite3_threadsafe             sqlite3_api->xthreadsafe
-#define sqlite3_result_zeroblob        sqlite3_api->result_zeroblob
-#define sqlite3_result_error_code      sqlite3_api->result_error_code
-#define sqlite3_test_control           sqlite3_api->test_control
-#define sqlite3_randomness             sqlite3_api->randomness
-#define sqlite3_context_db_handle      sqlite3_api->context_db_handle
-#define sqlite3_extended_result_codes  sqlite3_api->extended_result_codes
-#define sqlite3_limit                  sqlite3_api->limit
-#define sqlite3_next_stmt              sqlite3_api->next_stmt
-#define sqlite3_sql                    sqlite3_api->sql
-#define sqlite3_status                 sqlite3_api->status
-#endif /* SQLITE_CORE */
-
-#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api = 0;
-#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  sqlite3_api = v;
-
-#endif /* _SQLITE3EXT_H_ */

diff --git a/win64/sqlite3.dll b/win64/sqlite3.dll
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index edb6c58..0000000
Binary files a/win64/sqlite3.dll and /dev/null differ

diff --git a/win64/sqlite3.h b/win64/sqlite3.h
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index d72fdbd..0000000
--- a/win64/sqlite3.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5734 +0,0 @@
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
-** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
-** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
-** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
-** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
-**
-** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
-** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
-** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
-** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
-** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
-**
-** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
-** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
-** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
-**
-** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
-** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
-** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
-** part of the build process.
-*/
-#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
-#define _SQLITE3_H_
-#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
-
-/*
-** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
-*/
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Add the ability to override 'extern'
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
-# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_API
-# define SQLITE_API
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
-** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
-** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
-** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
-** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
-**
-** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
-** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
-** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
-** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
-** noop macros.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
-#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
-
-/*
-** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
-# undef SQLITE_VERSION
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
-# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
-**
-** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
-** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
-** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
-** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
-** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
-** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
-** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
-** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
-** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
-** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
-** and Z will be reset to zero.
-**
-** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
-** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
-** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evalutes to
-** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
-** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
-** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
-** hash of the entire source tree.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
-** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
-** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
-*/
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.6.23.1"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3006023
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2010-03-26 22:28:06 b078b588d617e07886ad156e9f54ade6d823568e"
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
-**
-** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
-** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
-** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
-** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
-** the header, and thus insure that the application is
-** compiled with matching library and header files.
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
-** </pre></blockquote>)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
-** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
-** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
-** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
-** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
-** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
-** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
-** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1 
-** indicating whether the specified option was defined at 
-** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the 
-** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().  
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows interating
-** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
-** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
-** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_ 
-** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by 
-** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
-**
-** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
-** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifing the 
-** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
-**
-** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
-** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
-** SQLite was compiled mutexing code omitted due to the
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
-**
-** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
-** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0, 
-** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
-** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
-**
-** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
-** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
-** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
-** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
-**
-** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
-** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
-** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
-**
-** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
-** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
-** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
-** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
-** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
-** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
-** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
-** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
-** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
-** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
-**
-** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
-** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
-**
-** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
-** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
-** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
-** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
-** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
-** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
-** sqlite3 object.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
-**
-** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
-** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
-**
-** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
-** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
-** compatibility only.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
-** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
-** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values 
-** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
-  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
-#else
-  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
-  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
-#endif
-typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
-typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
-
-/*
-** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
-** substitute integer for floating-point.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-# define double sqlite3_int64
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_close() routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
-** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() return SQLITE_OK if the [sqlite3] object is
-** successfullly destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
-**
-** Applications must [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
-** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
-** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
-** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
-** outstanding [prepared statements] or [BLOB handles], then it returns
-** SQLITE_BUSY.
-**
-** ^If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
-** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
-**
-** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
-** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
-** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
-** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
-** ^Calling sqlite3_close() with a NULL pointer argument is a 
-** harmless no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
-
-/*
-** The type for a callback function.
-** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
-** compatibility and is not documented.
-*/
-typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
-**
-** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
-** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
-** without having to use a lot of C code. 
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
-** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
-** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
-** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
-** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
-** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
-** to sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
-** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
-** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
-** ignored.
-**
-** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
-** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
-** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
-** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
-** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
-** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
-** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
-** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
-** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
-** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
-** NULL before returning.
-**
-** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
-** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
-** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
-**
-** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
-** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
-** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
-** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
-** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
-** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
-** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
-** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
-** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
-**
-** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
-** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or 
-** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
-** is not changed.
-**
-** Restrictions:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
-**      is a valid and open [database connection].
-** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
-**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
-** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
-**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
-** </ul>
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
-  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
-  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
-  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
-  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
-  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
-** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
-** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
-**
-** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
-** here in order to indicates success or failure.
-**
-** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
-**
-** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes]
-*/
-#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
-/* beginning-of-error-codes */
-#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
-#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
-#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
-#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
-#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
-#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
-#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
-#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
-#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
-#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
-#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
-#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* NOT USED. Table or record not found */
-#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
-#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
-#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* NOT USED. Database lock protocol error */
-#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
-#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
-#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
-#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
-#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
-#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
-#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
-#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
-#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
-#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
-#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
-#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
-/* end-of-error-codes */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
-** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
-** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
-**
-** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
-** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
-** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
-** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
-** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
-** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
-** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
-** on a per database connection basis using the
-** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
-**
-** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
-** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
-** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
-** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
-**
-** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
-** be exactly zero.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
-#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED | (1<<8) )
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
-**
-** These bit values are intended for use in the
-** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
-** in the 4th parameter to the xOpen method of the
-** [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
-**
-** The xDeviceCapabilities method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
-** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
-** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
-** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
-** refers to.
-**
-** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
-** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
-** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
-** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
-** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
-** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
-** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
-** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
-** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
-** to xWrite().
-*/
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC          0x00000001
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512       0x00000002
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K        0x00000004
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K        0x00000008
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K        0x00000010
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K        0x00000020
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K       0x00000040
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K       0x00000080
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K       0x00000100
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND     0x00000200
-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL      0x00000400
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
-**
-** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
-** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
-** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
-#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
-**
-** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
-** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
-** these integer values as the second argument.
-**
-** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
-** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
-** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
-** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
-** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
-** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
-*/
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
-**
-** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the 
-** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
-** implementations will
-** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
-** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
-** I/O operations on the open file.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
-struct sqlite3_file {
-  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
-**
-** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method populates an
-** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
-** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
-** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
-** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
-**
-** If the xOpen method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element 
-** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
-** may be invoked even if the xOpen reported that it failed.  The
-** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed xOpen
-** is for the xOpen to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element to NULL.
-**
-** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
-** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
-** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
-** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
-** and not its inode needs to be synced.
-**
-** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
-** </ul>
-** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
-** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
-** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
-** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
-** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
-**
-** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
-** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
-** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
-** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
-** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
-** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
-** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
-** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
-** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
-** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
-** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
-** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
-** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.
-**
-** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
-** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
-** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
-** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
-** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
-** underlying device:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
-** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
-** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
-** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
-** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
-** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
-** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
-** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
-** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
-** to xWrite().
-**
-** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
-** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
-** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
-** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
-** database corruption.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
-struct sqlite3_io_methods {
-  int iVersion;
-  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
-  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
-  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
-  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
-  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
-  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
-  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
-  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
-  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
-  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
-  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
-  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
-  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
-**
-** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
-** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
-** interface.
-**
-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
-** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
-** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
-** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
-** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
-** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
-** is defined.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE        1
-#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      2
-#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      3
-#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             4
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
-**
-** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
-** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
-** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
-** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
-**
-** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
-**
-** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
-** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
-** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".
-**
-** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
-** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
-** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
-** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
-** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
-** modified.
-**
-** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
-** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
-** a pathname in this VFS.
-**
-** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
-** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
-** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
-** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
-** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
-** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
-**
-** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
-** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
-** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
-** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
-** object once the object has been registered.
-**
-** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
-** be unique across all VFS modules.
-**
-** SQLite will guarantee that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
-** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
-** from xFullPathname().  SQLite further guarantees that
-** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
-** called. Because of the previous sentence,
-** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
-** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
-** If the zFilename parameter is xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
-** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  Whenever the 
-** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
-** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
-**
-** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
-** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
-** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. 
-** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
-** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
-**
-** SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
-** call, depending on the object being opened:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
-** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
-** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
-** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
-** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
-** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
-** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
-** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
-**
-** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
-** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
-** </ul>
-**
-** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
-** deleted when it is closed.  The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
-** will be set for TEMP  databases, journals and for subjournals.
-**
-** The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
-** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
-** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
-** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the 
-** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
-** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
-** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened 
-** for exclusive access.
-**
-** At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
-** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
-** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
-** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
-** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
-** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
-** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
-** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
-** or failure of the xOpen call.
-**
-** The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
-** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
-** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
-** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
-** directory.
-**
-** SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
-** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
-** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
-** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
-** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
-** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
-**
-** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), and xCurrentTime() interfaces
-** are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
-** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
-** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
-** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
-** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
-** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
-** least the number of microseconds given.  The xCurrentTime()
-** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time.
-**
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
-struct sqlite3_vfs {
-  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number */
-  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
-  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
-  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
-  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
-  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
-  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
-               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
-  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
-  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
-  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
-  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
-  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
-  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
-  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
-  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
-  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
-  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
-  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
-  /* New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
-  ** value will increment whenever this happens. */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
-**
-** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
-** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
-** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
-** simply checks whether the file exists.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
-** checks whether the file is both readable and writable.
-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
-** checks whether the file is readable.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1
-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
-** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
-** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
-** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
-** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
-** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
-**
-** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
-** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
-** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
-** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
-** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
-** are harmless no-ops.)^
-**
-** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
-** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
-** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
-** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
-**
-** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
-** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
-** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
-** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
-** sqlite3_shutdown().
-**
-** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
-** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
-** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
-** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
-** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
-** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
-** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
-** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
-** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
-** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
-** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
-** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
-** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
-** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
-** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
-** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
-** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
-** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
-** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
-**
-** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
-** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
-** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
-** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
-** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
-** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
-** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
-**
-** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
-** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
-** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
-** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
-** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
-** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
-** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
-** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
-** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
-** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
-** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
-** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
-** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
-** failure.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
-**
-** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
-** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
-** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
-** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
-** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
-**
-** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
-** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
-** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
-** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
-** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
-** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
-** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
-** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
-** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
-**
-** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option] that determines
-** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
-** vary depending on the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option]
-** in the first argument.
-**
-** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
-** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
-** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
-** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
-** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
-** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).  The
-** sqlite3_db_config() interface should only be used immediately after
-** the database connection is created using [sqlite3_open()],
-** [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()].  
-**
-** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
-** configuration verb - an integer code that indicates what
-** aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
-** The only choice for this value is [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE].
-** New verbs are likely to be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Additional arguments depend on the verb.
-**
-** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
-** the call is considered successful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
-** and low-level memory allocation routines.
-**
-** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
-** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
-** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].  
-** By creating an instance of this object
-** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
-** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
-** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
-** dynamic memory needs.
-**
-** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
-** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
-** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
-** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
-** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
-** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
-** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
-** conditions.
-**
-** The xMalloc and xFree methods must work like the
-** malloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
-** The xRealloc method must work like realloc() from the standard C library
-** with the exception that if the second argument to xRealloc is zero,
-** xRealloc must be a no-op - it must not perform any allocation or
-** deallocation.  ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
-** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
-** And so in cases where xRoundup always returns a positive number,
-** xRealloc can perform exactly as the standard library realloc() and
-** still be in compliance with this specification.
-**
-** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
-** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
-** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
-**
-** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
-** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
-** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
-** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
-** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
-** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0, 
-** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
-**
-** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
-** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
-** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
-** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
-** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
-** xInit and xShutdown.
-**
-** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
-** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
-** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
-** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
-** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
-** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
-** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
-** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
-** serialization.
-**
-** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
-** call to xShutdown().
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
-struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
-  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
-  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
-  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
-  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
-  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
-  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
-  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
-  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
-** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
-**
-** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
-** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
-** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
-** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
-** is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
-** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
-** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
-** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return 
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
-** configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
-** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
-** The application is responsible for serializing access to
-** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
-** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
-** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
-** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
-** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
-** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
-** all mutexes including the recursive
-** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
-** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
-** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
-** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
-** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
-** ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
-** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
-** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
-** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
-** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
-** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
-** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
-** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
-** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
-** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a 
-** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation 
-** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the 
-** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
-**   <ul>
-**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit()]
-**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
-**   </ul>)^
-** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
-** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
-** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
-** </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
-** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
-** aligned memory buffer from which the scrach allocations will be
-** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
-** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
-** argument must be a multiple of 16. The sz parameter should be a few bytes
-** larger than the actual scratch space required due to internal overhead.
-** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
-** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will use no more than one scratch buffer per thread.  So
-** N should be set to the expected maximum number of threads.  ^SQLite will
-** never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6 times the database
-** page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional scratch memory beyond 
-** what is provided by this configuration option, then 
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
-** the database page cache with the default page cache implemenation.  
-** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
-** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE option.
-** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
-** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
-** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
-** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
-** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
-** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
-** to make sz a little too large.  The first
-** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
-** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
-** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
-** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
-** ^The implementation might use one or more of the N buffers to hold 
-** memory accounting information. The pointer in the first argument must
-** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
-** will be undefined.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
-** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
-** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
-** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
-** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
-** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
-** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
-** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
-** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
-** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
-** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
-** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
-** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
-** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
-** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
-** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
-** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
-** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
-** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
-** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
-** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
-** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
-** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
-** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
-** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
-** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
-** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
-** [database connection].  The first argument is the
-** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
-** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
-** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
-** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
-** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
-** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  This object specifies the interface
-** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
-** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE</dt>
-** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  SQLite copies of the current
-** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
-/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */ 
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
-** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
-**
-** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
-** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
-** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
-** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
-** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
-** is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the 
-** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
-** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
-** pointer to an memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
-** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
-** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
-** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
-** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
-** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
-** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
-** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
-** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
-** rounded down to the next smaller
-** multiple of 8.  See also: [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]</dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE    1001  /* void* int int */
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
-** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
-** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
-**
-** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
-** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
-** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
-** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
-** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
-** is another alias for the rowid.
-**
-** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
-** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
-** in the first argument.  ^If no successful [INSERT]s
-** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
-**
-** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger, then the [rowid] of the inserted
-** row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger is running.
-** But once the trigger terminates, the value returned by this routine
-** reverts to the last value inserted before the trigger fired.)^
-**
-** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
-** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
-** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
-** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
-** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
-** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
-** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
-** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
-** the return value of this interface.)^
-**
-** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
-** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
-**
-** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
-** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
-** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
-** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
-** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
-** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
-** last insert [rowid].
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
-** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
-** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
-** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
-** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
-** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
-** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
-** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
-**
-** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
-** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
-**
-** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
-** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
-** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
-** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
-** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
-**
-** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
-** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger]. 
-** Most SQL statements are
-** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
-** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
-** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
-** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
-**
-** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
-** not create a new trigger context.
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
-** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
-** trigger context.
-**
-** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
-** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
-** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
-** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** statement within the body of the same trigger.
-** However, the number returned does not include changes
-** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
-** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
-** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
-** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
-**
-** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
-** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
-** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
-** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
-** [foreign key actions]. However,
-** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
-** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
-** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
-** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes 
-** are counted.)^
-** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
-** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
-** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
-** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
-**
-** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
-** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
-** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
-**
-** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
-** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
-** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
-** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
-** immediately.
-**
-** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
-** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
-** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
-** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
-**
-** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
-** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
-** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
-**
-** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
-** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
-** will be rolled back automatically.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
-** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the 
-** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
-** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
-** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
-** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
-** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
-** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
-**
-** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
-** is running then bad things will likely happen.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
-**
-** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
-** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
-** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
-** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
-** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
-** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
-** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
-** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
-** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
-** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
-** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
-**
-** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
-** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
-**
-** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
-** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
-**
-** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior 
-** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
-** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
-** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
-** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
-**
-** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
-** UTF-8 string.
-**
-** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
-** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
-**
-** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
-** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
-** or process has locked.
-**
-** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
-** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
-** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
-**
-** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
-** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
-** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
-** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
-** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
-** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
-** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
-** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
-**
-** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
-** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
-** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
-** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
-** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
-** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
-** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
-** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
-** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
-** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
-** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
-** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
-** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
-** the second process to proceed.
-**
-** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
-**
-** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
-** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
-** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
-** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
-** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
-** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
-** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
-** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
-** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
-** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
-** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
-** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
-** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
-** this is important.
-**
-** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
-** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
-** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
-** will also set or clear the busy handler.
-**
-** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
-** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
-** result in undefined behavior.
-** 
-** A busy handler must not close the database connection
-** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
-**
-** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
-** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
-** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
-** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
-** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
-** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
-**
-** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
-** turns off all busy handlers.
-**
-** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
-** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
-** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
-** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
-**
-** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
-** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
-** complete query results from one or more queries.
-**
-** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
-** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
-** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
-** and M be the number of columns.
-**
-** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
-** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
-** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
-** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
-** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
-** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
-**
-** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
-** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
-** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
-**
-** As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
-** is as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**        Name        | Age
-**        -----------------------
-**        Alice       | 43
-**        Bob         | 28
-**        Cindy       | 21
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
-** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
-** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
-**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
-**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
-**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
-**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
-**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
-**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
-**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
-** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
-** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
-** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
-**
-** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
-** it should pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
-** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
-** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
-** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
-** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
-** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
-** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
-** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
-** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()].)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
-  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
-  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
-  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
-  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
-  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
-);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
-**
-** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
-** from the standard C library.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
-** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
-** The strings returned by these two routines should be
-** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
-** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
-** memory to hold the resulting string.
-**
-** ^(In sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
-** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
-** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
-** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
-** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
-** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
-** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
-** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
-** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
-** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
-** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
-** now without breaking compatibility.
-**
-** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
-** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
-** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
-** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
-** written will be n-1 characters.
-**
-** These routines all implement some additional formatting
-** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
-** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
-** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
-**
-** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a null-terminated
-** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
-** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
-** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
-** the string.
-**
-** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
-**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
-**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
-** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
-** would have looked like this:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
-** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
-**
-** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
-** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
-** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
-** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
-**
-** <blockquote><pre>
-**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
-**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
-**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
-** </pre></blockquote>
-**
-** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
-** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
-** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
-** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
-**
-** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
-** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
-** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
-** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
-** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
-** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
-** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
-** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
-** a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
-** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
-** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
-** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
-** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
-** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
-** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
-** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
-** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
-** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
-** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
-** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
-** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
-** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
-** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
-** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
-** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
-** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
-** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
-** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
-** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
-** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
-** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
-** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
-** is not freed.
-**
-** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
-** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary.
-**
-** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
-** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
-** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
-** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
-**
-** The Windows OS interface layer calls
-** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
-** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
-** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
-** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
-** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
-** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
-**
-** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
-** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
-** not yet been released.
-**
-** The application must not read or write any part of
-** a block of memory after it has been released using
-** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
-**
-** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
-** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
-** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
-** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
-** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
-** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
-** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
-** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
-** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
-** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
-**
-** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
-** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
-** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
-** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
-** prior to the reset.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
-**
-** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
-** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
-** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
-** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
-** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
-**
-** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
-**
-** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
-** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
-** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
-** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
-** method.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
-**
-** ^This routine registers a authorizer callback with a particular
-** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
-** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
-** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
-** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
-** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
-** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
-** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
-** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
-** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
-** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
-** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
-** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
-** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
-** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
-**
-** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
-** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
-** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
-** access is denied. 
-**
-** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
-** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
-** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
-** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
-** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
-** details about the action to be authorized.
-**
-** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
-** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
-** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
-** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
-** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
-** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
-** columns of a table.
-** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
-** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
-** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
-**
-** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
-** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
-** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
-** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
-** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
-** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
-** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
-** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
-** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
-** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
-**
-** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
-** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
-** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
-** in addition to using an authorizer.
-**
-** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
-** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
-** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
-** The authorizer is disabled by default.
-**
-** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
-** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a 
-** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
-** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
-**
-** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
-** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
-** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
-** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
-** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
-  sqlite3*,
-  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
-  void *pUserData
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
-**
-** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
-** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
-** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
-** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
-** information.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
-#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
-**
-** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
-** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
-** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
-** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
-** the authorizer callback may be passed.
-**
-** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
-** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
-** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
-** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
-** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
-** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
-** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
-** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
-** top-level SQL code.
-*/
-/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
-#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
-#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
-#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
-#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
-#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
-#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
-#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
-#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
-#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
-** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
-**
-** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
-** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
-** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
-** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
-** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
-** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
-** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
-**
-** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
-** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
-** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
-** of how long that statement took to run.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
-   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
-**
-** ^This routine configures a callback function - the
-** progress callback - that is invoked periodically during long
-** running calls to [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and
-** [sqlite3_get_table()].  An example use for this
-** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
-**
-** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
-** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
-** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
-**
-** The progress handler must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
-**
-** ^These routines open an SQLite database file whose name is given by the
-** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
-** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
-** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
-** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
-** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
-** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
-** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
-** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
-** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
-**
-** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
-** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
-** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
-**
-** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
-** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
-** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
-**
-** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
-** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
-** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
-** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
-** the following three values, optionally combined with the 
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
-** and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flags:)^
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
-** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
-** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
-** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
-** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is creates it if
-** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-**
-** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
-** combinations shown above or one of the combinations shown above combined
-** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX],
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flags,
-** then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
-** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
-** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
-** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
-** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
-** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
-** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
-** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
-** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
-**
-** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
-** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
-** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
-** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
-** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
-** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
-** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
-**
-** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
-** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
-** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
-**
-** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
-** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
-** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
-** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
-**
-** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
-** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
-** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
-** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
-** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
-  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
-  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
-  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
-  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
-  int flags,              /* Flags */
-  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
-** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
-** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
-** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
-** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
-** interface is the same except that it always returns the 
-** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
-** disabled.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
-** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
-** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
-** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
-** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
-** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
-**
-** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
-** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
-** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
-** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
-** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
-** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
-** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
-** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
-** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
-**
-** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
-** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
-** error code and message may or may not be set.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
-** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
-**
-** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
-** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
-** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
-**
-** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
-**
-** <ol>
-** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
-**      function.
-** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
-**      interfaces.
-** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
-** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
-**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
-** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
-** </ol>
-**
-** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
-** information.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
-**
-** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
-** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
-** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
-** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
-** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
-** new limit for that construct.  The function returns the old limit.)^
-**
-** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
-** ^(For the limit category of SQLITE_LIMIT_XYZ there is a 
-** [limits | hard upper bound]
-** set by a compile-time C preprocessor macro named 
-** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_XYZ].
-** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
-** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
-** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
-**
-** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
-** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
-** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
-** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
-** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
-** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
-** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
-** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
-** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
-** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
-** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
-** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
-**
-** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
-** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
-**
-** These constants define various performance limits
-** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
-** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
-** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row.<dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
-** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
-** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
-** used to implement an SQL statement.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
-** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum number of variables in an SQL statement that can
-** be bound.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
-** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
-**
-** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
-** program using one of these routines.
-**
-** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
-** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
-** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
-**
-** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
-** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
-** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
-** use UTF-16.
-**
-** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
-** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
-** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
-** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
-** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
-** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
-** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
-** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
-** the nul-terminator bytes.
-**
-** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
-** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
-** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
-** what remains uncompiled.
-**
-** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
-** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
-** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
-** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
-** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
-** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
-** ppStmt may not be NULL.
-**
-** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
-** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
-**
-** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
-** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
-** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
-** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
-** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
-** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
-** behave differently in three ways:
-**
-** <ol>
-** <li>
-** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
-** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
-** statement and try to run it again.  ^If the schema has changed in
-** a way that makes the statement no longer valid, [sqlite3_step()] will still
-** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  But unlike the legacy behavior, [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is
-** now a fatal error.  Calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
-** error go away.  Note: use [sqlite3_errmsg()] to find the text
-** of the parsing error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return.
-** </li>
-**
-** <li>
-** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
-** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
-** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
-** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
-** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
-** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
-** </li>
-**
-** <li>
-** ^If the value of a [parameter | host parameter] in the WHERE clause might
-** change the query plan for a statement, then the statement may be
-** automatically recompiled (as if there had been a schema change) on the first 
-** [sqlite3_step()] call following any change to the 
-** [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of the [parameter]. 
-** </li>
-** </ol>
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
-  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
-  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
-**
-** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
-** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
-** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
-** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
-**
-** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
-** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
-** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
-** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
-**
-** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
-** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
-** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
-** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
-** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
-**
-** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
-** a mutex is held.  A internal mutex is held for a protected
-** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
-** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
-** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
-** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes 
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
-** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
-** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
-** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
-** still make the distinction between between protected and unprotected
-** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
-** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
-** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
-** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
-** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
-** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
-** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
-** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
-*/
-typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
-**
-** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
-** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
-** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
-** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
-** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
-** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
-** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
-** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
-** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
-** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
-**
-** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
-** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
-** templates:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  ?
-** <li>  ?NNN
-** <li>  :VVV
-** <li>  @VVV
-** <li>  $VVV
-** </ul>
-**
-** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
-** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifer.)^  ^The values of these
-** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
-** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
-**
-** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
-** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
-**
-** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
-** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
-** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
-** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
-** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
-** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
-** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
-** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
-**
-** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
-**
-** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
-** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
-** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
-** ^If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
-** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
-**
-** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
-** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
-** string after SQLite has finished with it. ^If the fifth argument is
-** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
-** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
-** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
-** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
-** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
-** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
-** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
-** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
-** content is later written using
-** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
-** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
-**
-** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
-** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
-** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
-** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
-** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
-** result is undefined and probably harmful.
-**
-** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
-** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
-** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
-** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
-** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
-**
-** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
-** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
-** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
-** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
-** to the parameters at a later time.
-**
-** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
-** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
-** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
-** there may be gaps in the list.)^
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
-** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
-** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
-** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
-** respectively.
-** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
-** is included as part of the name.)^
-** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
-** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
-**
-** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
-**
-** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
-** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
-** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
-** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
-** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
-**
-** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
-** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
-** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
-** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
-** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
-** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
-**
-** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
-** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
-** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
-**
-** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
-** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
-** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
-**
-** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
-** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
-** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
-** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
-** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
-** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
-** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
-**
-** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
-** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the next call to
-** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
-**
-** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
-** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
-** NULL pointer is returned.
-**
-** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
-** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
-** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
-** one release of SQLite to the next.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
-**
-** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
-** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
-** [SELECT] statement.
-** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
-** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
-** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
-** the origin_ routines return the column name.
-** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
-** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
-** again in a different encoding.
-**
-** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
-** database, table, and column.
-**
-** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
-** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
-** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
-** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
-**
-** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
-** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
-** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
-** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
-** or column that query result column was extracted from.
-**
-** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
-** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
-**
-** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
-**
-** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
-** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
-** undefined.
-**
-** If two or more threads call one or more
-** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
-** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
-** at the same time then the results are undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
-**
-** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
-** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
-** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
-** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
-** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
-** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
-** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
-**
-** ^(For example, given the database schema:
-**
-** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
-**
-** and the following statement to be compiled:
-**
-** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
-**
-** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
-** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
-**
-** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
-** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
-** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
-** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
-** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
-** used to hold those values.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
-**
-** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
-** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
-** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
-**
-** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
-** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
-** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
-** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
-** interface will continue to be supported.
-**
-** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
-** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
-** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
-** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
-** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
-** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
-** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within a
-** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
-** continuing.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
-** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
-** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
-** machine back to its initial state.
-**
-** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
-** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
-** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
-** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
-**
-** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
-** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
-** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
-** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
-** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
-** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
-** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
-** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
-**
-** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
-** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
-** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
-** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
-** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
-** more threads at the same moment in time.
-**
-** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
-** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
-** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
-** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
-** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
-** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
-** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
-** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
-** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
-** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
-** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) the number of columns in the
-** of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
-** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
-**
-** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> 64-bit signed integer
-** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
-** <li> string
-** <li> BLOB
-** <li> NULL
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** These constants are codes for each of those types.
-**
-** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
-** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
-** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
-** SQLITE_TEXT.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
-#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
-#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
-#define SQLITE_NULL     5
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
-# undef SQLITE_TEXT
-#else
-# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
-#endif
-#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
-** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
-**
-** These routines form the "result set" interface.
-**
-** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
-** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
-** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
-** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
-** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
-** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
-** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
-** [sqlite3_column_count()].
-**
-** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
-** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
-** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
-** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
-** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
-** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
-** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
-** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
-** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
-** are pending, then the results are undefined.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
-** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
-** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
-** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
-** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
-** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
-** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
-** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
-** following a type conversion.
-**
-** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
-** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
-** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
-** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
-** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
-** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
-** the number of bytes in that string.
-** ^The value returned does not include the zero terminator at the end
-** of the string.  ^For clarity: the value returned is the number of
-** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
-**
-** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
-** even empty strings, are always zero terminated.  ^The return
-** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is an arbitrary
-** pointer, possibly even a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_column_bytes16() routine is similar to sqlite3_column_bytes()
-** but leaves the result in UTF-16 in native byte order instead of UTF-8.
-** ^The zero terminator is not included in this count.
-**
-** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
-** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
-** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
-** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
-** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
-** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
-** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
-** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
-** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
-** that are applied:
-**
-** <blockquote>
-** <table border="1">
-** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
-**
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
-** </table>
-** </blockquote>)^
-**
-** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
-** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
-** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
-** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
-** C programmers.
-**
-** ^Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
-** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
-** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
-** ^(Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
-** in the following cases:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
-**      need to be added to the string.</li>
-** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
-**      to UTF-16.</li>
-** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
-**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
-**      to UTF-8.</li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
-** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
-** that the prior pointer points to will have been modified.  Other kinds
-** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
-** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
-**
-** ^(The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
-** in one of the following ways:
-**
-** <ul>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
-**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
-** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
-** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
-** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
-** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
-** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
-** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
-**
-** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
-** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
-** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
-** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
-** [sqlite3_free()].
-**
-** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
-** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
-** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
-** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
-** ^If the statement was executed successfully or not executed at all, then
-** SQLITE_OK is returned. ^If execution of the statement failed then an
-** [error code] or [extended error code] is returned.
-**
-** ^This routine can be called at any point during the execution of the
-** [prepared statement].  ^If the virtual machine has not
-** completed execution when this routine is called, that is like
-** encountering an error or an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt].
-** ^Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions canceled,
-** depending on the circumstances, and the
-** [error code] returned will be [SQLITE_ABORT].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
-**
-** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
-** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
-** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
-** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
-** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
-** back to the beginning of its program.
-**
-** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
-** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
-** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
-** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
-**
-** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
-** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
-** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
-** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
-** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
-**
-** ^These two functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
-** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
-** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only difference between the
-** two is that the second parameter, the name of the (scalar) function or
-** aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16
-** for sqlite3_create_function16().
-**
-** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
-** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
-** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
-** to each database connection separately.
-**
-** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
-** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of
-** the zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
-** characters.  ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
-** will result in [SQLITE_ERROR] being returned.
-**
-** ^The third parameter (nArg)
-** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
-** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
-** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
-** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
-** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
-** undefined.
-**
-** The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
-** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
-** its parameters.  Any SQL function implementation should be able to work
-** work with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
-** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
-** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
-** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
-** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
-** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
-** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
-** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
-**
-** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
-** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
-**
-** The seventh, eighth and ninth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
-** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
-** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
-** callback only; NULL pointers should be passed as the xStep and xFinal
-** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
-** and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
-** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function callbacks.
-**
-** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
-** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
-** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
-** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
-** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
-** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
-** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
-** matches the database encoding is a better
-** match than a function where the encoding is different.  
-** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
-** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
-** between UTF8 and UTF16.
-**
-** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
-** ^The first application-defined function with a given name overrides all
-** built-in functions in the same [database connection] with the same name.
-** ^Subsequent application-defined functions of the same name only override 
-** prior application-defined functions that are an exact match for the
-** number of parameters and preferred encoding.
-**
-** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
-** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
-** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
-** statement in which the function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const char *zFunctionName,
-  int nArg,
-  int eTextRep,
-  void *pApp,
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  const void *zFunctionName,
-  int nArg,
-  int eTextRep,
-  void *pApp,
-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
-**
-** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
-** text encodings supported by SQLite.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
-#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
-#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
-#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
-#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
-#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
-** DEPRECATED
-**
-** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
-** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue 
-** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
-** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
-** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
-**
-** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
-** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
-** the function or aggregate.
-**
-** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
-** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
-** The 4th parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
-** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
-** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
-** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
-**
-** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
-** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
-** object results in undefined behavior.
-**
-** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
-** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
-** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
-** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
-** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
-** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
-**
-** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
-** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
-** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
-** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
-** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
-** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
-** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
-**
-** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
-** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
-** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
-** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
-** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
-**
-** These routines must be called from the same thread as
-** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
-**
-** Implementions of aggregate SQL functions use this
-** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
-**
-** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called 
-** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
-** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
-** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
-** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
-** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
-** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
-** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
-** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
-** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
-** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
-** first time from within xFinal().)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
-** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
-**
-** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
-** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
-** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
-** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
-** allocation.)^
-**
-** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by 
-** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
-**
-** The first parameter must be a copy of the
-** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
-** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
-** function.
-**
-** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
-** the aggregate SQL function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
-** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
-** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
-** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
-** registered the application defined function.
-**
-** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
-** the application-defined function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
-** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
-** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
-** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
-** registered the application defined function.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
-**
-** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
-** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
-** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
-** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
-** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
-** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
-** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
-** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
-** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
-** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
-** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
-** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
-** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
-** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
-** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
-** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
-** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
-** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
-** not been destroyed.
-** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
-** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
-** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
-** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
-**
-** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
-** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
-** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
-**
-** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
-** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
-** values and [parameters].)^
-**
-** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
-** the SQL function is running.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
-**
-** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
-** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
-** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
-** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
-** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
-** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
-** the content before returning.
-**
-** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
-** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
-*/
-typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
-#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
-#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
-**
-** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
-** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
-** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** for additional information.
-**
-** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
-** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
-** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
-** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
-** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
-** third parameter.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
-** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
-** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
-** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
-** by its 2nd argument.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
-** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
-** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
-** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
-** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
-** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
-** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
-** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
-** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
-** message all text up through the first zero character.
-** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
-** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
-** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
-** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
-** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
-** modify the text after they return without harm.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
-** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
-** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
-** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
-** indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
-** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
-** value given in the 2nd argument.
-** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
-** value given in the 2nd argument.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
-** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
-** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
-** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
-** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
-** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
-** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
-** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
-** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
-** through the first zero character.
-** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
-** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
-** function result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
-** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
-** finished using that result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
-** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
-** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
-** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
-** when it has finished using that result.
-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
-** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
-** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
-** the application-defined function to be a copy the
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
-** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
-** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
-** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
-** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
-** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
-**
-** If these routines are called from within the different thread
-** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
-** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
-**
-** These functions are used to add new collation sequences to the
-** [database connection] specified as the first argument.
-**
-** ^The name of the new collation sequence is specified as a UTF-8 string
-** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
-** and a UTF-16 string for sqlite3_create_collation16(). ^In all cases
-** the name is passed as the second function argument.
-**
-** ^The third argument may be one of the constants [SQLITE_UTF8],
-** [SQLITE_UTF16LE], or [SQLITE_UTF16BE], indicating that the user-supplied
-** routine expects to be passed pointers to strings encoded using UTF-8,
-** UTF-16 little-endian, or UTF-16 big-endian, respectively. ^The
-** third argument might also be [SQLITE_UTF16] to indicate that the routine
-** expects pointers to be UTF-16 strings in the native byte order, or the
-** argument can be [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] if the
-** the routine expects pointers to 16-bit word aligned strings
-** of UTF-16 in the native byte order.
-**
-** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
-** argument.  ^If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
-** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore).
-** ^Each time the application supplied function is invoked, it is passed
-** as its first parameter a copy of the void* passed as the fourth argument
-** to sqlite3_create_collation() or sqlite3_create_collation16().
-**
-** ^The remaining arguments to the application-supplied routine are two strings,
-** each represented by a (length, data) pair and encoded in the encoding
-** that was passed as the third argument when the collation sequence was
-** registered.  The application defined collation routine should
-** return negative, zero or positive if the first string is less than,
-** equal to, or greater than the second string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
-** except that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
-** the collation.  ^The destructor is called when the collation is
-** destroyed and is passed a copy of the fourth parameter void* pointer
-** of the sqlite3_create_collation_v2().
-** ^Collations are destroyed when they are overridden by later calls to the
-** collation creation functions or when the [database connection] is closed
-** using [sqlite3_close()].
-**
-** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
-  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const void *zName,
-  int eTextRep, 
-  void*,
-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
-**
-** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
-** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
-** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
-** sequence is required.
-**
-** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
-** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
-** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
-** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
-** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
-**
-** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
-** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
-** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
-** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
-** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
-** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
-** required collation sequence.)^
-**
-** The callback function should register the desired collation using
-** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
-** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void*, 
-  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void*,
-  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
-);
-
-#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-/*
-** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
-** called right after sqlite3_open().
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
-** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
-** database is decrypted.
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless 
-** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
-);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
-/*
-** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless 
-** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
-);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
-** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
-**
-** ^If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
-** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
-** the nearest second. ^The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
-** requested from the operating system is returned.
-**
-** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
-** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
-**
-** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
-** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
-** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
-** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
-** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
-** temporary file directory.
-**
-** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
-** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
-** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
-** thread.
-** It is intended that this variable be set once
-** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
-** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
-** thereafter.
-**
-** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
-** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
-** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
-** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
-** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
-** using [sqlite3_free].
-** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
-** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
-** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
-** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
-** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
-** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
-** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
-** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
-**
-** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
-** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
-** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
-** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
-** an error is to use this function.
-**
-** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
-** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
-** is undefined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
-** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
-** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
-** that was the first argument
-** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
-** create the statement in the first place.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
-**
-** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
-** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
-** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
-** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
-** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
-**
-** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
-** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
-** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
-** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
-** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
-** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
-** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
-** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
-** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
-** the first call for each function on D.
-**
-** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
-** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
-** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
-** or rollback hook in the first place.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
-**
-** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
-** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
-** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
-** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
-** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
-**
-** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
-** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
-** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
-** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
-** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
-** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
-** rolled back because a commit callback returned non-zero.
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
-** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
-** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
-** for the same database connection is overridden.
-**
-** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
-** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
-** to sqlite3_update_hook().
-** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
-** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
-** to be invoked.
-** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
-** database and table name containing the affected row.
-** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
-** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
-**
-** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
-** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
-**
-** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
-** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
-** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
-** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
-** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
-** release of SQLite.
-**
-** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
-** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
-** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
-** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
-** returns the P argument from the previous call
-** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
-** the first call on D.
-**
-** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
-** interfaces.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
-  void*
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
-** KEYWORDS: {shared cache}
-**
-** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
-** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
-** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
-** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
-**
-** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
-** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
-** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
-**
-** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
-** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
-** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
-** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
-**
-** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
-** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
-**
-** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
-** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
-** cache setting should set it explicitly.
-**
-** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
-** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
-** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
-** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
-** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
-** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() interface places a "soft" limit
-** on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
-** ^If an internal allocation is requested that would exceed the
-** soft heap limit, [sqlite3_release_memory()] is invoked one or
-** more times to free up some space before the allocation is performed.
-**
-** ^The limit is called "soft" because if [sqlite3_release_memory()]
-** cannot free sufficient memory to prevent the limit from being exceeded,
-** the memory is allocated anyway and the current operation proceeds.
-**
-** ^A negative or zero value for N means that there is no soft heap limit and
-** [sqlite3_release_memory()] will only be called when memory is exhausted.
-** ^The default value for the soft heap limit is zero.
-**
-** ^(SQLite makes a best effort to honor the soft heap limit.
-** But if the soft heap limit cannot be honored, execution will
-** continue without error or notification.)^  This is why the limit is
-** called a "soft" limit.  It is advisory only.
-**
-** Prior to SQLite version 3.5.0, this routine only constrained the memory
-** allocated by a single thread - the same thread in which this routine
-** runs.  Beginning with SQLite version 3.5.0, the soft heap limit is
-** applied to all threads. The value specified for the soft heap limit
-** is an upper bound on the total memory allocation for all threads. In
-** version 3.5.0 there is no mechanism for limiting the heap usage for
-** individual threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
-**
-** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
-** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
-** passed as the first function argument.
-**
-** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
-** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
-** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
-** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
-** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
-** resolve unqualified table references.
-**
-** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
-** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
-** may be NULL.
-**
-** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
-** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
-** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
-**
-** ^(<blockquote>
-** <table border="1">
-** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
-**
-** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
-** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
-** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
-** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
-** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
-** </table>
-** </blockquote>)^
-**
-** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
-** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
-** call to any SQLite API function.
-**
-** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
-**
-** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
-** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
-** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
-** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
-** parameters are set as follows:
-**
-** <pre>
-**     data type: "INTEGER"
-**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
-**     not null: 0
-**     primary key: 1
-**     auto increment: 0
-** </pre>)^
-**
-** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
-** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
-** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
-** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
-**
-** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
-  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
-  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
-  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
-  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
-  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
-  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
-  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
-  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
-  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
-**
-** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
-** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
-**
-** ^The entry point is zProc.
-** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
-** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
-** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
-** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
-** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
-** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
-** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
-** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
-** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
-**
-** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
-** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
-** otherwise an error will be returned.
-**
-** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
-  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
-  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
-  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
-  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
-**
-** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
-** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
-** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
-** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
-**
-** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
-** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
-** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
-** it back off again.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load An Extensions
-**
-** ^This API can be invoked at program startup in order to register
-** one or more statically linked extensions that will be available
-** to all new [database connections].
-**
-** ^(This routine stores a pointer to the extension entry point
-** in an array that is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  That memory
-** is deallocated by [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].)^
-**
-** ^This function registers an extension entry point that is
-** automatically invoked whenever a new [database connection]
-** is opened using [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
-** or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
-** ^Duplicate extensions are detected so calling this routine
-** multiple times with the same extension is harmless.
-** ^Automatic extensions apply across all threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
-**
-** ^(This function disables all previously registered automatic
-** extensions. It undoes the effect of all prior
-** [sqlite3_auto_extension()] calls.)^
-**
-** ^This function disables automatic extensions in all threads.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
-
-/*
-****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
-**
-** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
-** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
-** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
-**
-** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
-** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
-*/
-
-/*
-** Structures used by the virtual table interface
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
-typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
-typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
-typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** This structure, sometimes called a a "virtual table module", 
-** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].  
-** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
-**
-** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
-** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
-** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
-** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
-** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
-** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
-** any database connection.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_module {
-  int iVersion;
-  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
-               int argc, const char *const*argv,
-               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
-  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
-               int argc, const char *const*argv,
-               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
-  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
-  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
-  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
-                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
-  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
-  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
-  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
-  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
-  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
-  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
-                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
-                       void **ppArg);
-  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used to
-** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
-** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
-** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
-** results into the **Outputs** fields.
-**
-** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
-**
-** <pre>column OP expr</pre>
-**
-** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
-** stored in aConstraint[].op.)^  ^(The index of the column is stored in
-** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
-** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
-** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
-**
-** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
-** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
-** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
-** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
-** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
-**
-** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
-** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
-**
-** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
-** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
-** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
-** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
-** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
-** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
-**
-** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
-** [xFilter] method.
-** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
-** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
-**
-** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
-** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
-** sorting step is required.
-**
-** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
-** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
-** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
-** cost of approximately log(N).
-*/
-struct sqlite3_index_info {
-  /* Inputs */
-  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
-     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
-     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
-     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
-     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
-  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
-  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
-  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
-     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
-     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
-  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  /* Outputs */
-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
-    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
-    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
-  } *aConstraintUsage;
-  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
-  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
-  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
-  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
-  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
-};
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
-** ^Module names must be registered before
-** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
-** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
-**
-** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
-** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the 
-** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
-** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
-** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
-** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
-** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
-** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
-** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
-** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The sqlite3_create_module()
-** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
-** destructor.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_create_module(
-  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
-  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
-  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
-  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
-);
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
-  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
-  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
-  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
-  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
-** of this object to describe a particular instance
-** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
-** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
-** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
-** common to all module implementations.
-**
-** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
-** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
-** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
-** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
-** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
-** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_vtab {
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
-  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
-  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
-  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
-** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
-** [virtual table] and are used
-** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
-** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
-** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
-** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
-** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
-** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
-**
-** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
-** are common to all implementations.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
-  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
-** [virtual table module] call this interface
-** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
-** the virtual tables they implement.
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
-** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].  
-** But global versions of those functions
-** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
-**
-** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
-** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
-** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
-** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
-** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
-** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
-** by a [virtual table].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
-
-/*
-** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
-** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
-** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
-** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
-**
-** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
-** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
-**
-****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
-*/
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
-** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
-**
-** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
-** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
-** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
-** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
-** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
-** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
-** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
-**
-** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
-** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
-** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
-**
-** <pre>
-**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
-** </pre>)^
-**
-** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
-** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
-** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary 
-** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is 
-** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
-**
-** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
-** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
-** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
-** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
-** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
-**
-** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
-** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
-** to be a null pointer.)^
-** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
-** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
-** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
-** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
-** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
-**
-** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
-** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
-** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
-** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
-** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
-** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
-** a expired BLOB handle fail with an return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
-** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
-** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
-** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
-**
-** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
-** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
-** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
-** blob.
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
-** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
-** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
-** this interface.
-**
-** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
-** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
-  sqlite3*,
-  const char *zDb,
-  const char *zTable,
-  const char *zColumn,
-  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
-  int flags,
-  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
-);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
-**
-** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
-**
-** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
-** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
-** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
-** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
-** until the close operation if they will fit.
-**
-** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
-** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
-** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
-** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
-**
-** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
-** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
-**
-** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
-** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
-**
-** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the 
-** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
-** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
-** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
-**
-** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
-** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
-** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
-**
-** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
-** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
-** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
-** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
-**
-** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
-** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
-**
-** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
-** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
-**
-** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
-** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
-** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
-**
-** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
-** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
-** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
-**
-** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
-** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
-** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
-** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
-** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
-** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
-**
-** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
-** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
-** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
-** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
-** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
-** or by other independent statements.
-**
-** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
-** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
-**
-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
-**
-** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
-** that SQLite uses to interact
-** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
-** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
-** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
-** The following interfaces are provided.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
-** ^Names are case sensitive.
-** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
-** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
-** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
-**
-** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
-** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
-** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
-** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
-** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
-** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
-** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
-** then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
-** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
-** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
-**
-** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
-** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
-** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
-** permitted to use any of these routines.
-**
-** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
-** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
-** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
-** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
-** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
-** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
-** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
-**
-** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
-** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
-** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
-** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
-** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
-** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
-** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
-** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
-** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
-** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
-**
-** <ul>
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
-** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
-** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
-** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
-** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
-** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
-** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
-** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
-** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
-**
-** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
-** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
-** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
-** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
-** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
-** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
-** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
-**
-** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
-** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
-** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
-** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
-** the same type number.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
-** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
-** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
-** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
-** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
-** a static mutex.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
-** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
-** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
-** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
-** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
-** In such cases the,
-** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
-** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
-** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
-** SQLite will never exhibit
-** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
-**
-** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
-** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
-** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
-** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
-** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
-** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
-** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
-** never do either.)^
-**
-** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
-** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
-** behave as no-ops.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
-** used to allocate and use mutexes.
-**
-** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
-** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
-** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
-** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
-** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
-** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
-** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
-** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
-** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
-**
-** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
-** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
-** ^The xMutexInit routine is calle by SQLite exactly once for each
-** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
-**
-** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
-** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
-** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
-** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
-** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
-** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
-**
-** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
-** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
-** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
-**
-** <ul>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
-** </ul>)^
-**
-** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
-** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
-** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
-** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
-** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
-** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
-** it is passed a NULL pointer).
-**
-** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
-** invoke xMutexInit() mutiple times within the same process and without
-** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
-** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
-**
-** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
-** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
-** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
-** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
-**
-** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
-** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
-** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
-** prior to returning.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
-struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
-  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
-  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
-  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
-  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
-**
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
-** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
-** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
-** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
-** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
-** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
-** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
-** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
-**
-** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
-** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
-**
-** ^The implementation is not required to provided versions of these
-** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
-** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
-** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
-**
-** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
-** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
-** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But the
-** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
-** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
-** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
-** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
-** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
-*/
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
-#endif
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
-**
-** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
-** which is one of these integer constants.
-**
-** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
-** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
-** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* lru page list */
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
-**
-** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that 
-** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
-** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
-** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
-** routine returns a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
-** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
-** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
-** name of the database "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
-** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
-** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
-** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
-** main database file.
-** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
-** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
-** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
-** method becomes the return value of this routine.
-**
-** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
-** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
-** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
-** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
-** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
-** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
-** xFileControl method.
-**
-** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
-** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
-** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
-** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
-**
-** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
-** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
-** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
-**
-** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
-** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
-** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
-** operate consistently from one release to the next.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
-**
-** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
-** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
-**
-** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
-** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
-** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
-** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    16
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
-** about the preformance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
-** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
-** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
-** are of the form [SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
-** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
-** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
-** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
-** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
-** value.  For those parameters
-** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
-** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
-** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
-** non-zero [error code] on failure.
-**
-** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
-** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
-** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
-** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
-** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
-** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
-** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
-** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
-** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
-** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
-** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
-** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
-** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
-** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
-** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
-** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using 
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
-** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
-** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
-** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
-** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
-** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
-** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
-** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
-** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
-** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
-** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
-** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
-** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
-** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
-** slots were available.
-** </dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
-**
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
-** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-**
-** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information 
-** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
-** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
-** is the parameter to interrogate.  ^Currently, the only allowed value
-** for the second parameter is [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED].
-** Additional options will likely appear in future releases of SQLite.
-**
-** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
-** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
-** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
-** reset back down to the current value.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
-** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
-**
-** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
-** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
-** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
-** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
-** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
-**
-** <dl>
-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
-** checked out.</dd>)^
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED     0
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
-** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counters] that measure the number
-** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
-** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
-** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
-** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
-** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
-** an index.  
-**
-** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
-** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
-** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
-** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counter]
-** to be interrogated.)^
-** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
-** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
-** interface call returns.
-**
-** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
-*/
-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
-** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
-** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
-**
-** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
-** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
-** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
-** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through 
-** careful use of indices.</dd>
-**
-** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
-** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
-** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
-** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
-**
-** </dl>
-*/
-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
-** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
-** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
-** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
-** to the object.
-**
-** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods] for additional information.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
-** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE], ...) interface can
-** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an 
-** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure.)^ The majority of the 
-** heap memory used by SQLite is used by the page cache to cache data read 
-** from, or ready to be written to, the database file. By implementing a 
-** custom page cache using this API, an application can control more 
-** precisely the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which 
-** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to 
-** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for 
-** how long.
-**
-** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure are copied to an
-** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
-** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
-** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
-**
-** ^The xInit() method is called once for each call to [sqlite3_initialize()]
-** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
-** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods.pArg value.)^
-** ^The xInit() method can set up up global structures and/or any mutexes
-** required by the custom page cache implementation. 
-**
-** ^The xShutdown() method is called from within [sqlite3_shutdown()], 
-** if the application invokes this API. It can be used to clean up 
-** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
-**
-** ^SQLite holds a [SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE] mutex when it invokes
-** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
-** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
-** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
-** in multithreaded applications.
-**
-** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
-** call to xShutdown().
-**
-** ^The xCreate() method is used to construct a new cache instance.  SQLite
-** will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
-** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
-** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
-** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will not be a power of two.  ^szPage
-** will the page size of the database file that is to be cached plus an
-** increment (here called "R") of about 100 or 200.  ^SQLite will use the
-** extra R bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
-** database page on disk.  The value of R depends
-** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
-** ^R is constant for a particular build of SQLite.  ^The second argument to
-** xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being created will
-** be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
-** false if it is used for an in-memory database. ^The cache implementation
-** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
-** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
-** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
-** ^In other words, a cache created with bPurgeable set to false will
-** never contain any unpinned pages.
-**
-** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
-** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
-** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
-** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  ^As with the bPurgeable
-** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
-** value; it is advisory only.
-**
-** ^The xPagecount() method should return the number of pages currently
-** stored in the cache.
-** 
-** ^The xFetch() method is used to fetch a page and return a pointer to it. 
-** ^A 'page', in this context, is a buffer of szPage bytes aligned at an
-** 8-byte boundary. ^The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The
-** mimimum key value is 1. After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page 
-** is considered to be "pinned".
-**
-** ^If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
-** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
-** intact.  ^(If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
-** behavior of the cache implementation is determined by the value of the
-** createFlag parameter passed to xFetch, according to the following table:
-**
-** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
-** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
-** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
-** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
-**                 Otherwise return NULL.
-** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
-**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
-** </table>)^
-**
-** SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  If
-** a call to xFetch() with createFlag==1 returns NULL, then SQLite will
-** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
-** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache. After
-** attempting to unpin pages, the xFetch() method will be invoked again with
-** a createFlag of 2.
-**
-** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
-** as its second argument. ^(If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
-** then the page should be evicted from the cache. In this case SQLite 
-** assumes that the next time the page is retrieved from the cache using
-** the xFetch() method, it will be zeroed.)^ ^If the discard parameter is
-** zero, then the page is considered to be unpinned. ^The cache implementation
-** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
-**
-** ^(The cache is not required to perform any reference counting. A single 
-** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls 
-** to xFetch().)^
-**
-** ^The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
-** page passed as the second argument from oldKey to newKey. ^If the cache
-** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it should be
-** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
-** to be pinned.
-**
-** ^When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
-** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
-** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). ^If any
-** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
-** they can be safely discarded.
-**
-** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
-** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
-** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
-** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods
-** functions.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
-struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
-  void *pArg;
-  int (*xInit)(void*);
-  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
-  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
-  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
-  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
-  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
-  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
-  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
-  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
-  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
-};
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
-** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
-** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
-** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
-** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
-** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files. 
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
-**
-** ^Exclusive access is required to the destination database for the 
-** duration of the operation. ^However the source database is only
-** read-locked while it is actually being read; it is not locked
-** continuously for the entire backup operation. ^Thus, the backup may be
-** performed on a live source database without preventing other users from
-** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
-** 
-** ^(To perform a backup operation: 
-**   <ol>
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
-**         backup, 
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer 
-**         the data between the two databases, and finally
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources 
-**         associated with the backup operation. 
-**   </ol>)^
-** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
-** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
-**
-** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the 
-** [database connection] associated with the destination database 
-** and the database name, respectively.
-** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
-** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
-** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
-** ^The S and M arguments passed to 
-** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
-** and database name of the source database, respectively.
-** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
-** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will file with
-** an error.
-**
-** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
-** returned and an error code and error message are store3d in the
-** destination [database connection] D.
-** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
-** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
-** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
-** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
-** [sqlite3_backup] object.
-** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup 
-** operation.
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
-**
-** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between 
-** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
-** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied. 
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
-** are still more pages to be copied, then the function resturns [SQLITE_OK].
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
-** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
-** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
-** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
-** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
-** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
-**
-** ^The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if the destination
-** database was opened read-only or if
-** the destination is an in-memory database with a different page size
-** from the source database.
-**
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
-** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
-** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the 
-** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then 
-** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
-** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
-** [database connection]
-** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
-** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
-** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
-** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then 
-** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These 
-** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept 
-** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle 
-** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
-**
-** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
-** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either 
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete 
-** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
-** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
-** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
-** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
-** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
-** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
-** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
-** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
-** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source 
-** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
-** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
-** updated at the same time.
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
-**
-** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the 
-** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
-** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
-** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
-** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object. 
-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
-** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
-** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
-** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
-**
-** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
-** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
-** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
-** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
-** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
-**
-** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
-** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
-** sqlite3_backup_finish().
-**
-** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining(), sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
-**
-** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
-** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
-** up and the total number of pages in the source databae file.
-** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
-** retrieve these two values, respectively.
-**
-** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
-** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
-** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
-** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
-** changing.
-**
-** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
-**
-** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
-** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
-** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
-** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
-** from within other threads.
-**
-** However, the application must guarantee that the destination 
-** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after 
-** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
-** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
-** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
-** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
-** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
-** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
-**
-** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
-** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
-** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
-** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being 
-** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
-** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
-**
-** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple 
-** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
-** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
-** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
-** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
-** possible that they return invalid values.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
-  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
-  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
-  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
-  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
-** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
-** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
-** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking. 
-** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke 
-** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
-** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
-**
-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
-**
-** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
-** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back. 
-**
-** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
-** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
-** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
-** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an 
-** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as 
-** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
-** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
-** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
-** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
-**
-** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
-** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
-** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
-** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
-** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
-**
-** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
-** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
-** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of 
-** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
-**
-** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a 
-** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
-** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
-** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
-** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
-** unlock-notify callback is cancelled. ^The blocked connections 
-** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
-** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
-**
-** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
-** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
-** crash or deadlock may be the result.
-**
-** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
-** returns SQLITE_OK.
-**
-** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
-**
-** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a 
-** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
-** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
-** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
-** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
-** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
-**
-** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
-** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
-** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
-** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
-** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
-** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
-** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions 
-** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
-**
-** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
-**
-** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a 
-** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
-** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
-** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
-** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
-** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
-** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
-**
-** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
-** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
-** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
-** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
-** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
-** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
-** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
-** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
-** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
-** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
-** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
-** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
-**
-** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
-**
-** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost 
-** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
-** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
-** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
-** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
-** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
-** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
-** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
-**
-** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
-** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
-** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
-** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just 
-** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
-  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
-  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
-  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
-);
-
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_strnicmp()] API allows applications and extensions to
-** compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8 strings in a
-** case-indendent fashion, using the same definition of case independence 
-** that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
-
-/*
-** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
-** EXPERIMENTAL
-**
-** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
-** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
-** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
-** passed through to [sqlite3_vmprintf()] to generate the final output string.
-**
-** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
-** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
-** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
-** is considered bad form.
-**
-** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
-**
-** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
-** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
-** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
-** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
-** buffer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
-
-/*
-** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
-** builds on processors without floating point support.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-# undef double
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
-#endif
-#endif
-

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